CN1012032B - 微囊包封的拟除虫菊酯 - Google Patents
微囊包封的拟除虫菊酯Info
- Publication number
- CN1012032B CN1012032B CN85106887A CN85106887A CN1012032B CN 1012032 B CN1012032 B CN 1012032B CN 85106887 A CN85106887 A CN 85106887A CN 85106887 A CN85106887 A CN 85106887A CN 1012032 B CN1012032 B CN 1012032B
- Authority
- CN
- China
- Prior art keywords
- pyrethroid
- moth
- capsule
- worm
- composition
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired
Links
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- A01N25/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests
- A01N25/26—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators, characterised by their forms, or by their non-active ingredients or by their methods of application, e.g. seed treatment or sequential application; Substances for reducing the noxious effect of the active ingredients to organisms other than pests in coated particulate form
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Abstract
本发明是涉及一种可喷撒的对水中鱼类毒性较低的杀虫剂组合物和制备方法,以及在多种谷物和受很多有害昆虫侵扰的水生地域里对该组合物的使用方法,该杀虫剂组成是由许多微囊在水中混合物构成的,其微囊是用交联聚合物材料的胶囊膜把拟除虫菊酯(合成的除虫菊酯)包封在微囊膜内。
Description
近年来,使用拟除虫菊酯(合成的除虫菊酯)来控制农作物上的有害昆虫已经显著地增加,这一类化合物,增长最迅速的是昆虫杀虫剂。在几年内这一类化合物可预计在市场上达到所有昆虫杀虫剂总数的一半。它们的优点是对杀昆虫具有高的活
性,并与其他杀虫剂(例如有机磷酸酯)相比时,总的说来它具有对哺乳动物低毒性的优点。严重缺点是它们对鱼类毒性较高。这就严格地限制了它们对生长在水中或近水地域内谷物的使用,例如水稻(控制水稻象鼻虫)。
作为一种制造农药技术的微囊包制法已经应用于有机磷酸酯昆虫杀虫剂,例如二嗪农和甲基对硫磷这两种产品分别以(KNOXOUT
2FM杀虫剂和PENNCAP
M杀虫剂(派因瓦特公司登记注册商标)作为商品用作控制农业和建筑上的害虫。这种技术已经显示出对于这些农药能延长生物效力和降低它们的对哺乳动物的毒性。现在已经证明KNOX OUT
2FM杀虫剂的哺乳动物的口服毒性比二嗪农有效成分的一般配方要小16倍,而对哺乳动物皮肤上的毒性比二嗪农有效成分的一般配方要小8倍,同样,PENNCAP
M杀虫剂对哺乳动物的口服毒性比未经胶囊包封的甲基对硫磷有效成分的一般配方至少要小5倍,而对哺乳动物皮肤上的毒性比未经胶囊包封的甲基对硫磷有效成分的一般配方要小10倍。所以,微囊包制法一般预期对哺乳动物能降低毒性5到20倍。另一方面,甲基对硫磷的鱼毒性在接触红鳟鱼96小时的标准试验中所测得的结果实际上的不受微囊包制法的影响。因此,在此试验中,对于微囊包封的甲基对硫磷和一般甲基对硫磷的配方所需杀死50%,鱼类的有效成分的浓度分别为6.44ppm和5.16-8.19ppm。
出乎意外的是,人们已经发现了拟除虫菊酯的微囊包制法可使鱼毒性的降低远远超过以上提到的值。因此,在接触红鳟鱼96小时的水中含未经微囊包封的除虫菊酯乳油(二氯苯醚除虫菊酯)每升水中含0.015mg有效成分可使50%鱼类死亡。与此相比,对于用微囊包封的二氯苯醚除虫菊酯在接触红鳟鱼后没有造成鱼类死亡,甚至每升水中含有效成分的最高浓度达18.5mg时也无鱼类死亡。因此对鱼类的毒性的差异是明显地超过了1200倍。在另一试验中使用微囊包封的二氯苯醚除虫菊酯的不同配方,导致50%鱼类死亡所需浓度差别是4800倍。这种鱼毒性的显著下降远远超过了以前人们所观察到的微囊包封型的有机磷酸酯毒性的降低。
然后,这种出乎意料的低鱼毒性还没有获得令人满意的解释。这些微囊包封的拟除虫菊酯,例如二氯苯醚除虫菊酯在维持对哺乳动物毒性的低浓度时具有对抗有害昆虫的最佳的生物活性。
这种意外的发现具有重要的经济价值和意义,在许多应用中,这些日益重要的杀虫剂目前是很有用的,但是由于高鱼毒性,它们还未被广泛地批准使用。
本发明的制造方法系指通过界面补加的有机缩合物形成的中间体反应生成凝聚缩合物来进行胶囊包封的一种工艺过程,形成有机缩合物的中间体选自以下各种聚合物,包括:聚酰胺,聚酰胺-聚脲,聚磺酰胺,聚酯,聚碳酸酯,聚亚胺酯和聚脲。这种工艺过程包括:(1)通过搅拌作用,建立含上述中间体中的第一个中间体,将要被胶囊包封的合成拟除虫菊酯液滴分散在液体连续相中,且该连续相与这些液滴并不混溶,并且对上述第一个中间体是基本上不附有任何反应剂,(2)然后加入上述中间体中的第二个中间体,这是对第一个中间体补加的,它进入连续的液相中从而使第一个和第二个中间体在液滴和连续相之间的界面上起反应而把液滴包封在上述所选择的缩合物的膜层内,上述第一个和第二个中间体中至少一个由部分多功能基团反应剂组成(a)这部分多功能基团反应剂是对第一个和第二个中间体补加入的,并且与第一个和第二个中间体中的彼此产生有效的交联反应,(b这部分多功能基团反应剂具有“两个反应基团的以上平均数”,(以下讨论)反应基团彼此之间是相同的而且在形成上述所选的缩合物反应中是有效的功能基团,且选自下列种类,包括:胺,羟基,异氰酸酯,-COCl和-SO2Cl基团,由此,上述第一个和第二个中间体进行反应把液滴包封在具有交联的上述缩合物膜层内。
形成上述缩合物的中间体在合适条件下是只含一种单体或是几种单体的混合物。市售一般的中间体每个基团中具有2个,3个或更多的反应基团的单体混合物。这样的混合物平均可以具有2个,3个或更多的反应基团,这里讨论的目的是认为它们需要具有平均2个以上这样反应基团。
用作胶囊包封的最佳的拟除虫菊酯是:丙烯菊酯,苄除虫菊酯,苄呋菊酯,胺菊酯,氯氰菊酯,右旋反苄呋菊酯,苯醚菊酯,二氯苯酯菊酯,右旋反二氯苯醚菊酯,溴氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯和椒菊酯。
本发明的杀虫剂的组合物系指一种贮藏稳定、
可喷撒的、含水基质的杀虫剂组合物,它主要由许多微囊在水中的混合物所组成的,上述微囊是用交联聚合材料的胶囊膜把拟除虫菊酯包封在囊膜内所构成的,这些交联聚合物材料主要选自下列物质:聚酰胺-聚脲,聚酰胺,聚磺酰胺,聚醚,聚碳酸酯,聚亚胺酯和聚脲,拟除虫菊酯可扩散通过由三维聚合物构成的网络,交联聚合物的囊膜约10%-100%。上述拟除虫菊酯对微囊聚合物的重量比的范围约为1∶1到50∶1,在水的混合物中微囊的浓度约为1%到30%(重量比)。本发明的工艺所需的最佳的各种拟除虫菊酯已列举如上。
本发明的使用方法系指把上述组合物有效量的杀虫剂(典型地来说,每英亩至少0.02到0.25磅的有效成分,或者更多一些)使用到受昆虫染传的谷物上来控制有害昆虫。这些农作物包括:水稻、杏仁、苹果、芹菜、硬花球花椰菜、布鲁塞尔汤菜、花椰茶、花菜、棉花、莴苣、桃树、梨树、土豆、大豆、菠菜、甜玉米和森林;而有害昆虫包括水稻象鼻虫,黑尾叶蝉,褐飞虱,白背飞虱,卷草叶虫,稻茎螟虫,灰飞虱,蚊子,脐橙寄生虫,桃枝螟虫,苹果蚜虫,红卷蛾,玖瑰色卷蛾,枣子蛀虫,白苹果飞虱,帐蓬飞虱,美国牧草盲蝽,蜿豆潜叶蝇,粉纹夜蛾,菜粉蝶,小地老虎,甜菜夜蛾,甜菜粘虫,菜蛾,棉蛉虫,烟叶蛾,棉红蛉虫,棉潜叶蛾,墨西哥棉蛉象,盐沼毛虫,白苍蝇,棉蚜虫,梨小食心虫,水果青虫,桃蠧,蔷薇刺鳃角金龟子,梨黄虱,苹果小卷蛾,马铃薯叶甲,翠菊叶飞虱,土豆叶甲虫,桃蚜,马铃薯卷蛾,马铃薯黄虱,青三叶草螟虫,墨西哥豆螵虫,豆叶螵虫,大豆尺蠖,毛豆毛虫,叶蝉,白夜蛾,欧洲玉米螟虫,南方粘虫,舞毒蛾,西方云杉芽螟,东方云杉芽螟,黄褐天幕毛虫,美国白蛾,落网虫,尺蠖和松叶蜂。
使用方法也包括把以上组合物有效量的杀虫剂施用到蚊子或蚊子产卵,孵化发育和生长的水域里以控制蚊子的滋生。
在万戴格尔的美国专利号3,577,515(1971年5月14日公布)和戴莎韦克立的美国专利号3,959,464(1976年5月26日公布)中叙述了微囊包封液滴的方法并包括一般性的杀虫剂。总的来说,以上方法适用于本发明的微囊包封的产品,用拟除虫菊酯来代替上述需被包封的液滴以制备微囊。然而这些工艺并不使用天然的除虫菊酯,但以上专利的经验,在这方面,是可以结合作参考的。
因此,把拟除虫菊酯和原始聚合的混合物,例如癸二酰氯化物和聚甲烯聚苯异氰酸酯混合物以乳胶液的形式与碱性和二价的或多功能基团的胺类的含水混合物进行接触,中和后加入一种或多种适宜的悬浮剂使生成的微囊的含水混悬液得到稳定。
检定这种配方的杀虫剂性质(生物效力)在试验室的试验中,可采用苍蝇作为测试的有机体专门地进行测试。测试的效力叙述如下:在玻璃平板上(面积约为65平方英寸)喷撒拟供测定的成分,每平方英尺0.2mg,然后将玻璃平板放置在一立方英尺的带有筛网的立方罩盘内,在室温下历时30天。然后把成熟的雌雄混合苍蝇(每盒平均44只)和食物(奶粉和糖)及水一起,按表中的规定间隔地引入每个容器内。测试需重复操作两次。在露置24小时后,对死亡率作出估计。
用标准方法分别检测用微囊包封的和一般拟除虫菊酯乳油对鱼类毒性的试验。用此方法把所需的杀虫剂浓度加到15立升已知水质的水中。待杀虫剂适当分散后,再加入红鳟鱼。测试在12℃,同时进行并持续96小时,照明16小时8小时黑暗。在24,48,72和96小时时取得死亡率的读数。
拟除虫菊酯是众所周知的,并在市场上能买到的,这些制品在文献中已有叙述。适用的拟除虫菊酯包括(根据加利福尼亚洲科协登记号,即可知道):丙烯除虫菊酯(584-79-2),苄菊酯(70-38-2),苄呋除虫菊酯(10453-86-8)右旋反苄呋菊酯(28434-01-7)苯醚菊酯(26002-80-2),二氯苯醚菊酯(52645-53-1),右旋反二氯苯醚菊酯(28434-01-7),溴氰菊酯(52820-00-5)氰戊菊酯(51630-58-1),椒菊酯(70-43-9),胺菊酯,和氯氰菊酯等。现将一些最佳的拟除虫菊酯的结构式列出如下:
本发明提供一种改进的杀虫剂组合物,这种改进的杀虫剂组合物具有解决以上讨论的问题和许多优点,它是由交联的聚合物材料所包封的膜内或膜层内含有合成的拟除虫菊酯的许多微囊所组成的。本发明的最佳实施是在含水的载体中有许多微囊的混合物,例如,稀浆、混悬液或在水中的微囊的分散液,它还包括悬浮剂。例如美国专利3,426,004所讨论的交联的丙烯酸共聚物,另外一些悬浮剂,如羟乙基纤维素、树胶、粘土、亚微细粒二氧化硅和其它无机材料;其润湿剂和分散剂例如表面活性剂、聚乙烯醇、明胶、甲基纤维素、干酪素和粘土;其中“粘着剂”(这种材料能把胶囊粘着在植物叶丛上而不落到地上)例如明胶、膨润土、树胶、聚硫化物、聚丙烯酸以及石油、植物油和动物油。
总的说来,在本发明中所叙述的微囊聚合方法和微囊膜层的制备技术,在1967年11月15日公布的英国专利号No.1,091,141和1971年5月4日公布的J、E万戴格尔的美国专利号3,577,515中都有记载(在这里可接受他们的经验)。在这些参考资料中所叙述的方法是采用界面缩合和补加物进行胶囊包封的一种工艺,其补加物为形成缩合物中间体用来反应生成交联的有机缩合物,这种工艺包括:(1)通过搅拌作用,使含有上述中间体中的第一个中间体的要被包封的液滴在液体连续相中成为一种分散液,而该液体连续相与这些液滴是不混溶的,并且对上述第一个间体是基本上不附加任何反应剂,(2)然后引入所述中间体中的第二个中间体,这是对第一个中间体补加的,它进入液体连续相中从而使第一个和第二个中间体在这些液滴和液体连续相之间的界面上产生反应,把这些液滴包封在上述缩合物的膜层内,上述第一个和第二个中间体中,至少有一个(它们中的一个或两个可以是单体的混合物)含有至少部分为多功能基团的反应剂,(a)这部分多功能基团反应剂是对上述第一个和第二个中间体补加的,并能产生有效的交联反应,(b)这部分多功能基团反应剂具有至少3个反应基团,彼此之间它们是相同的,在生成上述缩合物的反应中它们是有效的功能基团,而且它们选自以下的基团:胺,羟基,异氰酸酯,-COCl和SO2Cl基团。上述第一个和第二个中间体在反应时把这些液滴包封在上述交联的缩合物膜层内。适用的二元胺化合物和多胺化合物反应剂的例子是乙二胺,苯二胺,甲苯二胺,六甲撑二胺,二乙撑三胺,哌嗪,1,3,5-苯三胺三盐酸化物,2,4,6-三氨基甲苯三盐酸化物,四亚乙基五胺,五亚乙基六胺,聚亚乙基亚胺,1,3,6-三氨基萘,3,4,5-三氨基-1,2,4-三唑,三聚氰胺,和1,4,5,8-四氨基蒽醌。提供-COCl和-SO2Cl反应基团的双功能和多功能基团酸的衍生物的例子是癸二酰氯化物,乙烯双氯代甲酸酯碳酰氯,壬二酰氯化物,乙二酰氯化物,对苯二酰氯化物,十二双酸氯化物,二聚物酸氯化物,1,3-苯磺酰基二氯化物,三甲磺酰基氯化物,1,2,4,5-苯甲酸氯化物,1,3,5-苯三磺酰基氯化物,三聚物酸氯化物,柠檬酸氯化物和1,3,5-苯三氯甲烷,用于提供反应的异氰酸酯的基团的中间体是以这样一些化合物为代表的,它们是对苯烯二异氰酸酯,间亚苯基二异氰酸酯,萘烯-1,5-二异氰酸酯,四氯代-m苯烯二异氰酸酯,2,4-甲苯二异氰酸酯,2,6-甲苯二异氰酸酯,4,4-二苯基二异氰酸酯,二氯二苯甲烷二异氰酸酯,二苯基二异氰酸酯,二甲代亚苯基二异氰酸酯,二苯基醚二异氰酸酯,二甲基二苯基二异氰酸酯类,聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯类,三苯甲烷-4,4′4,″-三异氰酸酯,异丙基苯d-二异氰酸酯以及诸如此类的化合物。
为了形成微囊,在缩聚反应的处方中需提供足够的多功能基团反应剂(即三个功能基团或三个以上的多功能基团)例如以上所提到的至少具有三个功能基团的一种反应剂,其中聚酰胺-聚脲胶囊膜大约10%到100%是交联的,即10%到100%的聚合体是三维聚合体网络的一部分。在最佳实施例中聚酰胺-聚脲胶囊膜有30%到90%为交联的。用图表来说,只有具有交联的聚酰胺微囊才能构成相互连接的线性聚合体分子的绞合线。用交联的聚酰胺,在各种不同的点上沿着它们的长度一起连成这些绞合线,使成为一种“更紧密”的网络。
微囊的平均粒度一般范围为3到130微米,其最佳平均粒度为10到45微米。这样相当细小
的粒子在杀虫剂用于田间时有利于防止喷射设备小孔的堵塞。聚酰胺-聚脲胶囊交联膜厚度范围约为0.5微米到4微米,而以1-3微米的厚度为最佳。胶囊膜的厚度,象构成聚合体交联的程度一样会影响拟除虫菊酯通过胶囊膜的扩散速率,因而会影响杀虫剂在田间使用的效果。即有关昆虫延长成活率和杀伤率的杀虫剂效果。因此在制备过程中需控制微囊的大小,这可通过小心监控所需包封材料的分散度,控制搅拌和在连续相中乳化剂的用量。采用这样一些办法来控制微囊的粒度。通过控制溶在需要包封材料中反应中间体的用量,以便控制微囊膜的厚度。
在水中微囊的混悬剂或稀浆对运输、贮存和最终把杀虫剂的组成分散到要防止昆虫染传的地区是正常地实施的。常规用的喷射设备适用于这些杀虫剂的配方。
例一
制备下列溶液:
A、聚乙烯醇储备液,4%聚乙烯醇储备溶液,在摄氏20度时,用Hoeppler落球法在温水中高速搅拌,(“Elvanol 50-42G,”E.I.Dupont de Nemours & Company)测定的粘度为35-45厘泊。
B、胺溶液,含:
亚乙基二胺4.16克,
二亚乙基三胺4.76克,
氢氧化钠0.56克溶于25毫升水中,
水200毫升;
C、有机相,临用前配制,
工业纯的二氯苯醚菊酯,94.4%活性的84.7克,
癸二酰氯化物1.66克,
聚亚甲基聚苯基异氰酸酯16.6克,
(“PAP127”Upjohn Company)
将0.5%聚乙烯醇溶液A500毫升置于1立升的折流圆锥烧瓶中,用Kraft搅拌器剧烈搅拌。加入有机相溶液C,接着立即加入胺溶液B,用浆状搅拌器代替分散搅拌器,缓缓搅拌混合液使混悬液保持2小时。加水稀释所形成的混悬液,然后通过50目筛子过筛。将生成物中和至pH7,再用0.3克黄原胶使其稠化,所得稀浆的总重量为1843克。
本发明所得的聚酰胺聚脲胶囊具有最佳性质在本发明的概述和权项中已作陈述。
利用上述效果及鱼类毒性试验,其所得结果表明在下面表Ⅰ、表Ⅱ中。
表Ⅰ
将红鳟鱼露置常规的二氯苯醚菊酯的乳油和胶囊包封的二氯苯醚菊酯中96小时后汇总的死亡率。
常规的乳化浓的二氯苯醚菊酯
有效成分
浓度(mg/l) 24小时 48小时 72小时 96小时
0.00 0/10 0/10 0/10 0/10
0.0039 0/10 0/10 0/10 0/10
0.0069 0/10 0/10 0/10 0/10
0.0123 2/10 2/10 2/10 2/10
0.0215 9/10 9/10 9/10 9/10
0.0385 10/10 10/10 10/10 10/10
续表Ⅰ
胶囊包封的二氯苯醚菊酯
有效成分
浓度(mg/l) 24小时 48小时 72小时 96小时
1.85 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5
5.92 0/10 0/10 0/10 0/10
18.5 0/5 0/5 0/5 0/5
表Ⅱ
配方 在开始历时30天的周期内苍蝇死亡的百分率
历时天数:1 3 7 14 28 56 平均数
微囊包封的二氯苯 95 87 90 82 73 49 79醚菊
酯例1样品
二氯苯 84 89 95 82 51 17 170
醚菊酯的乳油
以用丙烯除虫菊酯、苄菊酯、苄呋除虫菊酯、右旋反苄呋菊酯、苯醚菊酯、右旋反二氯苯醚菊酯、溴氰菊酯、氰戊菊酯、椒菊酯(还可用其他已知的拟除虫菊酯)代替,所得结果全部相同。
美国专利号3,577,515(Vecndegael)中的许多例子,除了用上述各个拟除虫菊酯代替外,可重复试验,以提供聚合物的壳或用聚酰胺,聚磺酰胺、聚酯、聚碳酸酯、聚亚胺酯、聚脲或聚酰胺-
聚脲所形成的膜,其所得结果能与本专利例1的结果相似。
很明显,本发明的微囊包封的产品与相同的拟除虫菊酯的传统配方相比能增强长远的效果,最令人意想不到的是,本发明的产品对鱼类毒性能显著地降低,并为这些重要的拟除虫菊酯开辟了一个全新的使用领域。
Claims (12)
1、一种贮藏稳定,可喷撒的含水基质的具有低鱼毒性的拟除虫菊酯杀虫剂组合物,其特征在于该组合物主要由许多微囊在水中的混合物构成,其微囊是由交联的聚合物材料构成,将拟除虫菊酯包封在囊膜内,其交联的聚合物主要选自以下一组聚合物:聚酰胺-聚脲,聚酰胺,聚磺酰胺,聚酯,聚碳酸酯,聚亚胺酯,和聚脲,拟除早菊酯可扩散通过囊膜约10%-100%,交联聚合和胶囊膜是属于一种三维聚合体网络,上述的拟除虫菊酯对微囊的聚合体的重量比范围约为1∶1至50∶1,微囊在水溶液的混合物中的浓度按重量比约为1-50%。
2、根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于所述微囊的平均粒度是在3-130微米范围内。
3、根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于所述20-90%交联聚合的胶囊包封膜包括在三维的聚合体网络内。
4、根据权利要求1的组合物,其特征在于所述拟除虫菊酯是主要选自以下基团:丙烯除虫菊酯,苄菊酯,胺菊酯,氯氰菊酯,苄呋除虫菊酯,右旋反苄呋除虫菊酯,苯醚菊酯,二氯苯醚菊酯,右旋反二氯苯醚菊酯,溴氰菊酯,氰戊菊酯,和椒菊酯等。
5、根据权利要求4所规定的组合物,其特征在于所述聚合的物质是聚脲或聚酰胺-聚脲;拟除虫菊酯是二氯苯醚菊酯或氰戊菊酯。
6、一种在昆虫染传的谷物中控制有害昆虫的方法,其特征在于该方法包括:把权利要求1,2,3,4或5所规定的杀虫剂的有效的且对鱼无毒的量施用到昆虫染传的谷物上。
7、按照权利要求6所规定的方法,其特征在于所述谷物主要选自以下种类:水稻、杏仁、苹果、芹菜、硬花球花椰菜、布鲁塞尔汤菜、花椰茶、花菜、棉花、莴苣、桃树、梨树、土豆、大豆、菠菜、甜玉米和森林;有害昆虫主要选自以下的昆虫类:水稻象鼻虫,黑尾叶蝉,褐飞虱,白背飞虱,卷草叶虫,稻茎螟虫,灰飞虱,蚊虫,脐橙寄生虫,桃枝螟虫,苹果蚜虫,红卷蛾,玖瑰色卷蛾,枣子蛀虫,白苹果飞虱,帐蓬叶跳虫,美国牧草盲蝽,蜿豆潜叶蝇,粉纹夜蛾,菜粉蝶,小地老虎,甜菜夜蛾,甜菜粘虫,菜蛾,棉蛉虫,烟叶蛾,棉红蛉虫,棉潜叶蛾,墨西哥棉蛉象,盐沼毛虫,白苍蝇,棉蚜虫,梨小食心虫,水果青虫,桃蠹,蔷微刺鳃角金龟子,梨黄虱,苹果小卷蛾,马铃薯叶甲,翠菊叶飞虱,土豆叶甲虫,桃蚜,马铃薯卷蛾,马铃薯黄虱,青三叶草螟虫,墨西哥豆螵虫,大豆尺蠖,毛豆毛虫,叶蝉,白夜蛾,欧洲玉米螟虫,南方粘虫,舞毒蛾,西方云杉卷叶蛾,东方支杉芽螟,黄褐天幕毛虫,美国白蛾,落网虫,尺蠖和松叶蜂。
8、一种控制蚊子的方法,其特征在于该方法包括:按权利要求1,2,3,4或5所规定的组合物,把杀虫剂的有效的且对鱼无毒的量施用到蚊子和蚊子产卵,孵化,发育和生长的水域里。
9、一种在森林中控制有害昆虫的方法,其特征在于该方法包括:按权利要求1,2,3,4或5所规定的组合物,将杀虫剂的有效的且对鱼无毒的量施用到有害昆虫染传的森林里。
10、根据权利要求9所规定的方法,其特征在于所述有害昆虫主要选自以下昆虫类:舞毒蛾,西方云杉卷叶蛾,东方云杉芽螟,黄褐天幕毛虫,美国白蛾,落风虫,尺蠖和松叶蜂。
11、一种降低拟除虫菊酯鱼毒性的方法,其特征在于该方法包括:把拟除虫菊酯包封在交联的聚合材料内,其交联的聚合材料主要选自以下基团:聚酰胺-聚脲,聚酰胺,聚磺酰胺,聚酯,聚碳酸酯,聚亚胺酯,和聚脲,上述拟除虫菊酯可扩散通过交联的聚合包封材料约10%-100%,该交联聚合包封材料是属于一种三维聚合体网络和上述拟除虫菊酯对聚合材料的体重量比范围约为1∶1至50∶1。
12、根据权利要求11所述一种降低拟除虫菊酯鱼毒性的方法,其特征在于所述包封的拟除虫菊酯是以微胶囊与水混合的形式存在的,该微胶囊在水溶液的混合物中的浓度按重量比大约为1到50%。
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| EP0283520B1 (en) * | 1986-09-26 | 1993-12-29 | Toray Industries, Inc. | Polyphenylene sulfone fibers and a method for their production |
| JP2676082B2 (ja) * | 1987-12-25 | 1997-11-12 | 住友化学工業株式会社 | ゴキブリ防除用マイクロカプセル剤 |
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| US3575882A (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1971-04-20 | Pennwalt Corp | Encapsulation process |
| US3577515A (en) * | 1963-12-13 | 1971-05-04 | Pennwalt Corp | Encapsulation by interfacial polycondensation |
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| CA1020457A (en) * | 1974-04-01 | 1977-11-08 | Harold C. Nemeth | Stable water dispersions of encapsulated parathion |
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| US4056610A (en) * | 1975-04-09 | 1977-11-01 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Microcapsule insecticide composition |
| JPS5455726A (en) * | 1977-10-07 | 1979-05-04 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | Pyrethroid insecticide |
| US4280833A (en) * | 1979-03-26 | 1981-07-28 | Monsanto Company | Encapsulation by interfacial polycondensation, and aqueous herbicidal composition containing microcapsules produced thereby |
| DE3020781C2 (de) * | 1980-05-31 | 1982-11-18 | Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt | Druckbeständige Mikrokapseln mit einer Polyamid-Außenhülle und einer durch Polyurethan-Polyharnstoff oder Polyharnstoff strukturierten Innenmasse und Verfahren zu ihrer Herstellung |
| US4497793A (en) * | 1980-08-11 | 1985-02-05 | Pennwalt Corporation | Microencapsulated naturally occuring pyrethrins |
| JPH0670880B2 (ja) * | 1983-01-21 | 1994-09-07 | 株式会社日立マイコンシステム | 半導体記憶装置 |
-
1985
- 1985-04-24 US US06/726,735 patent/US4670246A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-07-18 CA CA000487015A patent/CA1247520A/en not_active Expired
- 1985-07-24 IL IL75906A patent/IL75906A/xx not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-05 PH PH32606A patent/PH22926A/en unknown
- 1985-08-07 JP JP60172551A patent/JPH0635370B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-08-09 BR BR8503780A patent/BR8503780A/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-14 ES ES546150A patent/ES8608923A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-08-20 PT PT80994A patent/PT80994B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-08-26 IN IN615/CAL/85A patent/IN164336B/en unknown
- 1985-09-09 GR GR852169A patent/GR852169B/el unknown
- 1985-09-11 KR KR1019850006635A patent/KR920004156B1/ko not_active Expired
- 1985-09-11 CN CN85106887A patent/CN1012032B/zh not_active Expired
- 1985-09-16 DK DK418985A patent/DK165154C/da not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-09-17 NO NO853653A patent/NO168862C/no unknown
- 1985-10-02 FI FI853808A patent/FI80822C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1985-11-04 EP EP85114002A patent/EP0183999B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1985-11-04 DE DE8585114002T patent/DE3583490D1/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| NO853653L (no) | 1986-10-27 |
| NO168862C (no) | 1992-04-15 |
| KR860007875A (ko) | 1986-11-10 |
| FI80822B (fi) | 1990-04-30 |
| NO168862B (no) | 1992-01-06 |
| FI853808L (fi) | 1986-05-06 |
| EP0183999A1 (en) | 1986-06-11 |
| PH22926A (en) | 1989-01-24 |
| KR920004156B1 (ko) | 1992-05-30 |
| IL75906A0 (en) | 1985-12-31 |
| PT80994A (en) | 1985-09-01 |
| DK165154C (da) | 1993-03-15 |
| IN164336B (zh) | 1989-02-25 |
| IL75906A (en) | 1988-02-29 |
| DK165154B (da) | 1992-10-19 |
| DE3583490D1 (de) | 1991-08-22 |
| US4670246A (en) | 1987-06-02 |
| ES8608923A1 (es) | 1986-07-16 |
| EP0183999B1 (en) | 1991-07-17 |
| JPH0635370B2 (ja) | 1994-05-11 |
| PT80994B (pt) | 1987-09-30 |
| JPS61115006A (ja) | 1986-06-02 |
| ES546150A0 (es) | 1986-07-16 |
| DK418985D0 (da) | 1985-09-16 |
| FI80822C (fi) | 1990-08-10 |
| CA1247520A (en) | 1988-12-28 |
| GR852169B (zh) | 1985-12-24 |
| CN85106887A (zh) | 1986-06-10 |
| FI853808A0 (fi) | 1985-10-02 |
| BR8503780A (pt) | 1986-12-09 |
| DK418985A (da) | 1986-05-06 |
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