CN106822080A - 含有epa和心血管剂的药物组合物以及使用其的方法 - Google Patents
含有epa和心血管剂的药物组合物以及使用其的方法 Download PDFInfo
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Abstract
本发明尤其涉及含有EPA和一种或多种心血管剂的药物组合物,以及使用其治疗各种疾病和病症的方法。
Description
本申请是国际申请日为2010年4月29日、国际专利申请号为PCT/US2010/032948、中国专利申请号为201080019298.0、发明名称为“含有EPA和心血管剂的药物组合物以及使用其的方法”的分案申请。
发明背景
在美国和多数欧洲国家心血管疾病是死亡的主要原因。估计单独在美国有超过七千万的人患心血管疾病或病症,包括但不限于高血压、冠心病、血脂异常(dyslipidemia)、充血性心脏衰竭和中风。
发明概述
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供包括EPA和任选地一种或多种另外的心血管剂的药物组合物。在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括二十碳五烯酸乙酯。在另一个实施方式中,组合物基本上不含有一定量的二十二碳六烯酸或其衍生物(例如,乙基-DHA),如果有。
在其它实施方式中,本发明提供治疗和/或预防心血管相关疾病的方法,包括给与需要其的对象包括EPA和任选地一种或多种另外心血管剂的药物组合物或组合物(一种或多种)。
在任一的前述实施方式中,EPA和另外的心血管剂(一种或多种)可以共同制剂为单个剂量单位或可以制剂为协同配合、组合或伴随给与的两个或更多个制剂单位。
本发明的这些和其它实施方式将在本文以下进一步细述中公开。
附图说明
图1示出在胆固醇与磷脂比为1.0的膜脂质过氧化作用上的EPA、DHA和组合治疗的作用。**p<0.001对对照;+p<0.01对单独EPA或EPA/DHA组合治疗(学生-纽曼-科伊尔斯多重比较事后检验;总体ANOVA:p<0.0001,F=36.214)。值=平均值+/-S.D.(n=5-6)。C/P=1.0:1
图2示出在胆固醇与磷脂比为0.5的膜脂质过氧化作用上的EPA、DHA和组合治疗的作用。**p<0.001对对照;+p<0.01对单独EPA或EPA/DHA组合治疗(学生-纽曼-科伊尔斯多重比较事后检验;总体ANOVA:p<0.0001,F=27.650)。值=平均值+/-S.D.(n=6)。C/P=0.5:1。
图3示出膜脂质过氧化作用上的EPA、DHA和组合治疗的胆固醇依赖的作用。在相同C/P,***p<0.001对对照;在相同C/P,+p<0.01对单独EPA;在相同C/P,§p<0.001和§§p<0.001对单独DHA;在0.5C/P,?p<0.01对对照(学生-纽曼-科伊尔斯多重比较事后检验;总体ANOVA:p<0.0001,F=25.260)。值=平均值+/-S.D.(n=5-6)。+/-S.D.(n=5-6)。
图4示出在胆固醇富集的膜中(胆固醇与磷脂比为1:1)EPA、DHA或EPA/DHA与阿托伐他汀(10:1摩尔比)在脂质过氧化物水平上作用。*p<0.01和*p<0.001对对照(学生-纽曼-科伊尔斯多重比较事后检验;总体ANOVA:p<0.0001,F=11.226)。
具体实施方式
虽然本发明能够以不同形式体现,但是作出数个实施方式的以下描述,理解为本公开内容应该认为是本发明的举例,而不是意欲以说明的特定实施方式限制本发明。提供标题仅仅为了方便而不应该解释为以任何方式限制本发明。在任何标题以下说明的实施方式可以与在任何其它标题下说明的实施方式组合。
除非另外指出,在本申请中指定的不同定量值中使用的数值作为近似值陈述,好像在陈述的范围内最小和最大值之前加入词语“大约”。以这种方式,陈述值的微小变化可以用于获得与陈述值基本相同的结果。同样,范围的公开意欲作为连续范围,包括列举的最小和最大值之间的每个值以及由这些值可以形成的任何范围。同样,本文公开的是列举的数值除以任何其它列举的数值可以形成的任何和所有比(和任何这些比的范围)。因此,本领域技术人员将意识到多个这种比、范围和比的范围可以由本文提供的数值毫无疑义地得到,且在所有情况中这些比、范围和比的范围代表本发明的各种实施方式。
二十碳五烯酸
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包括作为活性成分的EPA。如本文使用的术语“EPA”指二十碳五烯酸(例如,二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸)和/或其药学上可接受的酯、衍生物、偶联物或盐、任一前述的混合物。在本文中术语“药学上可接受”指正被讨论的物质对于对象不产生不可接受的毒性或与不与组合物的其它成分相互作用。
在一个实施方式中,EPA包括所有的顺式二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸。在另一个实施方式中,EPA以二十碳五烯酸酯(在本文也称为E-EPA或乙基-EPA)的形式。在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括EPA的C1–C5烷基酯。在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括二十碳五烯酸甲基酯、二十碳五烯酸丙基酯或二十碳五烯酸丁基酯。在还另一个实施方式中,EPA包括所有顺式二十碳-5,8,11,14,17-五烯酸乙基酯。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括锂EPA、单、双或三甘油酯EPA或EPA的任何其它酯或盐、或EPA的游离酸形式。EPA也可以是以2-取代衍生物的形式或者降低其氧化速度的其它衍生物,但是另外不以任何显著程度地改变其生物作用。
在一个实施方式中,在本发明的组合物中存在的EPA包括超纯的EPA。就EPA而言,如本文使用的术语“超纯”指包括按重量计至少96%EPA的组合物(如在本文定义和示例的术语“EPA”)。超纯EPA包括甚至更高纯度EPA,例如按重量计至少97%EPA或按重量计至少98%EPA,其中EPA是本文说明的EPA的任何形式。超纯EPA可以通过如本文提供的任一的EPA的描述进一步地限定(例如,纯度情况)。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA包括EPA-脂肪酸偶联物,其中EPA结合至EPA的另一个分子或另一个脂肪酸。在一个实施方式中,EPA-脂肪酸偶联物包括如结构(I)和(II)中示出的在EPA与EPA之间或者EPA第二脂肪酸之间的二酯。在一个实施方式中,R1是衍生自EPA的脂肪酸酰基,和R2选自H、12至30个碳原子的具有两个或更多个顺或反双键的脂肪酸酰基和12至30个碳原子的脂肪醇基团,与R1相同或不同。R1和R2可以都是衍生自EPA(EPA-EPA),或者一个可以衍生自EPA而第二个衍生自不同脂肪酸(EPA-脂肪酸),所述脂肪酸例如γ-亚麻酸、二高-γ-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸、肾上腺酸、十八碳四烯酸,二十二五烯酸n-3等等。R3通常是氢、完全碳氢化合物、或者含杂原子,和在一个实施方式中是C1–C4烷基。
二酯偶联物的合成可以根据本领域熟知的方法实现,包括例如使用金属、金属-氯化物或有机酸作为催化剂;使用脂肪酸氯化物诸如EPA-氯化物、γ-亚麻酸氯化物(GLA-氯化物)、二高-γ-亚麻酸氯化物(DGLA-氯化物)、亚油酸氯化物(LA-氯化物)、花生四烯酸氯化物(AA-氯化物)、偶联的亚油酸氯化物(cLA-氯化物)、ALA-氯化物、STA-氯化物、ETA-氯化物、DPA-氯化物等等;和使用固定化酶作为催化剂。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包括EPA-脂肪酸二酯的混合物。在相关实施方式中,本发明的组合物按重量计包括小于20%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于15%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于10%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于9%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于8%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于7%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于6%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于5%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于4%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于3%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于2%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于1%EPA-DHA偶联物、小于0.5%EPA-DHA偶联物、或小于0.1%EPA-DHA偶联物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包括至少96%EPA-脂肪酸偶联物(例如EPA-EPA)、至少97%EPA-脂肪酸偶联物、至少98%EPA-脂肪酸偶联物、或至少99%EPA-脂肪酸偶联物。在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包含不多于10%、不多于9%、不多于8%、不多于7%、不多于6%、不多于5%、不多于4%、不多于3%、不多于2%、不多于1%、或不多于0.6%、不多于0.5%、不多于0.4%、不多于0.3%、不多于0.2、或不多于0.1%的除EPA-EPA二酯之外的任何EPA-脂肪酸偶联物。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA在本发明的组合物中以以下的量存在:大约50mg至大约5000mg、大约75mg至大约2500mg、或大约100mg至大约1000mg、例如大约75mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、大约1500mg、大约1525mg、大约1550mg、大约1575mg、大约1600mg、大约1625mg、大约1650mg、大约1675mg、大约1700mg、大约1725mg、大约1750mg、大约1775mg、大约1800mg、大约1825mg、大约1850mg、大约1875mg、大约1900mg、大约1925mg、大约1950mg、大约1975mg、大约2000mg、大约2025mg、大约2050mg、大约2075mg、大约2100mg、大约2125mg、大约2150mg、大约2175mg、大约2200mg、大约2225mg、大约2250mg、大约2275mg、大约2300mg、大约2325mg、大约2350mg、大约2375mg、大约2400mg、大约2425mg、大约2450mg、大约2475mg、或大约2500mg。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包含不多于大约10%、不多于大约9%、不多于大约8%、不多于大约7%、不多于大约6%、不多于大约5%、不多于大约4%、不多于大约3%、不多于大约2%、不多于大约1%、或不多于大约0.5%的按重量计的脂肪酸、二十二碳六烯酸或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA(E-DHA),如果有的话。在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物基本上不包含二十二碳六烯酸或其衍生物诸如E-DHA。在还另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物不含有二十二碳六烯酸或E-DHA。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA占至少约60%、至少约70%、至少约80%、至少约90%、至少约95%、至少约97%、至少约98%、至少约99%、或100%的按重量计的本发明的组合物中存在的所有脂肪酸。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物含有小于30%、小于20%、小于10%、小于9%、小于8%、小于7%、小于6%、小于5%、小于4%、小于3%、小于2%、小于1%、小于0.5%或小于0.25%按重量计的总的组合物脂肪酸或按重量计的脂肪酸含量的除EPA或其衍生物之外的任何脂肪酸。“除EPA之外的脂肪酸”说明性的实例包括亚麻酸(LA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-亚麻酸、花生四烯酸(AA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-AA、二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA、α-亚麻酸(ALA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-ALA、十八碳四烯酸(STA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-SA、二十碳三烯酸(ETA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-ETA和/或二十碳二碳五烯酸(DPA)或其衍生物诸如乙基-DPA。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物具有一个或多个以下特征:(a)二十碳五烯酸乙酯按重量计占至少96%、至少97%、或至少98%的组合物中存在的总的脂肪酸;(b)组合物按重量计包含不多于4%、不多于3%、或不多于2%的除二十碳五烯酸乙酯之外的总的脂肪酸;(c)组合物包含不多于0.6%、0.5%或0.4%的除二十碳五烯酸乙酯之外的任何单独的脂肪酸;(d)组合物具有以下的折射率(20℃):大约1至大约2、大约1.2至大约1.8或大约1.4至大约1.5;(e)组合物具有以下的比重(20℃):大约0.8至大约1.0、大约0.85至大约0.95or大约0.9至大约0.92;(f)组合物包含不多于20ppm、15ppm或10ppm重金属,(g)组合物包含不多于5ppm、4ppm、3ppm或2ppm砷,和/或(h)组合物具有以下的过氧化值:不多于5、4、3或2Meq/kg。
在另一个实施方式中,根据本发明的有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:至少95%二十碳五烯酸乙酯(EPA-E)、大约0.2%至大约0.5%十八碳四烯酸乙酯(ODTA-E)、大约0.05%至大约0.25%十九碳五烯酸乙酯(NDPA-E)、大约0.2%至大约0.45%花生四烯酸乙酯(AA-E)、大约0.3%至大约0.5%二十碳四烯酸乙酯(ETA-E)和大约0.05%至大约0.32%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯(HPA-E),每一个按组合物中存在的总脂肪酸的重量计。在另一个实施方式中,组合物是在胶囊壳中存在。在还另一个实施方式中,胶囊壳不含有化学改性的明胶。
在另一个实施方式中,据本发明的有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:至少95%、96%或97%、二十碳五烯酸乙酯、大约0.2%至大约0.5%十八碳四烯酸乙酯、大约0.05%至大约0.25%十九碳五烯酸乙酯、大约0.2%至大约0.45%花生四烯酸乙酯、大约0.3%至大约0.5%二十碳四烯酸乙酯和大约0.05%至大约0.32%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯,每一个按组合物中存在的所有脂肪酸的重量计。任选地,组合物包含不多于大约0.06%、大约0.05%或大约0.04%的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA,按存在的总的脂肪酸的重量计。在一个实施方式中,组合物基本上不包含或不包含一定量的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。组合物进一步任选地包括不多于大约0.5%或不多于0.05%量的一种或多种抗氧化剂(例如,生育酚)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括大约0.05%至大约0.4%、例如大约0.2%按重量计的生育酚。在另一个实施方式中,在胶囊壳中提供大约500mg至大约1g的组合物。在另一个实施方式中,胶囊壳不含有化学改性的明胶。
在另一个实施方式中,据本发明的有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:至少96%二十碳五烯酸乙酯、大约0.22%至大约0.4%十八碳四烯酸乙酯、大约0.075%至大约0.20%十九碳五烯酸乙酯、大约0.25%至大约0.40%花生四烯酸乙酯、大约0.3%至大约0.4%二十碳四烯酸乙酯和大约0.075%至大约0.25%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯,每一个按组合物中存在的总脂肪酸的重量计。任选地,组合物包含不多于大约0.06%、大约0.05%或大约0.04%的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA,按存在的总脂肪酸重量计。在一个实施方式中,组合物基本不含有或不含有一定量的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。组合物进一步任选地包括不多于大约0.5%或不多于0.05%量的抗氧化剂(例如生育酚)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括大约0.05%至大约0.4%、例如大约0.2%按重量计的生育酚。在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供胶囊中包含大约500mg至大约1g的前述组合物的剂型。在一个实施方式中,剂型是含凝胶或液体的胶囊和以每片大约1至大约20个胶囊的泡罩包装进行包装。
在另一个实施方式中,据本发明的有用的组合物包括以下、基本由以下组成、或由以下组成:至少96%、97%或98%按重量计的二十碳五烯酸乙酯,大约0.25%至大约0.38%按重量计的十八碳四烯酸乙酯,大约0.10%至大约0.15%按重量计的十九碳五烯酸乙酯,大约0.25%至大约0.35%按重量计的花生四烯酸乙酯,大约0.31%至大约0.38%按重量计的二十碳四烯酸乙酯,和大约0.08%至大约0.20%二十一碳五烯酸乙酯,每一个按组合物中存在的所有脂肪酸的重量计。任选地,组合物包含不多于大约0.06%、大约0.05%或大约0.04%的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA,按存在的所有脂肪酸重量计。在一个实施方式中,组合物基本不包含或不包含一定量的DHA或其衍生物诸如乙基-DHA。组合物进一步任选地包括不多于大约0.5%或不多于0.05%量的一种或多种抗氧化剂(例如生育酚)。在另一个实施方式中,组合物包括大约0.05%至大约0.4%,、例如大约0.2%按重量计的生育酚。在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供胶囊壳中大约500mg至大约1g的前述组合物的剂型。在另一个实施方式中,胶囊壳不含有化学改性的明胶。
心血管剂
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物(或共同给药方案)包括一种或多种另外的心血管剂。一种或多种心血管剂可以与EPA共同制剂或可以与EPA共同给药。在本文可互换的术语“心血管剂”或“心血管药物”指在对象中能够治疗、预防或降低形成心血管疾病或病症的风险、或危险因素或其症状的药物或作用剂。本文的心血管剂包括、不限于胆固醇和甘油三酯调节剂、治疗冠心病的作用剂、治疗高血压或肺动脉高压的作用剂、治疗房颤或心律失常的作用剂、治疗中风的作用剂、治疗心肌缺血的作用剂和/或治疗血栓形成的作用剂。
适合于根据本发明使用的心血管剂可以从其中选择的类别的非限制性实例包括:乙酰辅酶A:胆固醇酰基转移酶(ACAT)抑制剂——包括ACAT-1、ACAT-2的选择性抑制剂以及ACAT-1和ACAT-2的双重抑制剂,α-肾上腺素能阻断剂(α-阻断剂),α/β阻断剂,血管紧张素转化酶(ACE)抑制剂,醛固酮拮抗剂,血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂,抗心律失常剂,抗凝血剂,抗血小板剂,载脂蛋白A-1(载脂蛋白A-1)模拟物,β-阻断剂,胆汁酸螯合剂,钙通道阻断剂,载脂蛋白B(ApoB)胆固醇酯转移蛋白(CETP)抑制剂,胆固醇吸收抑制剂,利尿剂,血脂异常剂,内皮素受体拮抗剂,贝特类,3-羟基-3-甲基戊二酰辅酶A(HMG-辅酶A)还原酶抑制剂,LCAT激活剂,LDL受体诱导剂,脂肪酶抑制剂,脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(LP-PLA2抑制剂),微粒体甘油三酯转运蛋白(MTP)抑制剂,血小板聚集抑制剂,PPAR激动剂和激活剂——包括PPPARγ激动剂,PPAR激动剂和PPAR双α/γ激动剂,PCSK9反义或RNAi,角鲨烯环氧化酶抑制剂,角鲨烯合成酶抑制剂,溶栓溶解剂和甲状腺受体β激活剂。
ACAT抑制剂
酰基辅酶A胆固醇酰基转移酶(“ACAT”)是酰基转移酶。胆汁酸生物合成中,ACAT催化从胆固醇到胆固醇酯的胞内形成。ACAT促进血管组织中的胆固醇酯的积累。因此抑制ACAT的作用剂对于预防或者治疗动脉硬化症是有用的。合适的ACAT抑制剂的非限制性实例包括CI-1011(阿伐麦布,辉瑞)、CS-505(帕替麦布硫酸盐,三共制药)、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种ACAT抑制剂以以下的量在本发明的组合物中典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式的与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约1000mg,例如大约1mg、大约5mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约266mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约324mg、大约325mg、大约330mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg。
ACE抑制剂
血管紧张肽I转化酶(“ACE”)转化血管紧张肽I成为血管紧张肽II并且抑制缓激肽。因为增加的血管紧张肽II和降低的缓激肽水平都助长了各种心血管疾病和病症,抑制ACE的作用剂对于预防或治疗心血管相关的疾病诸如高血压、心力衰竭、糖尿病神经病变和2型糖尿病是有用的。合适的ACE抑制剂的非限制性实例包括卡托普利、依那普利、依那普利拉、群多普利、莫昔普利、雷米普利、喹那普利、培哚普利、赖诺普利、苯那普利、福辛普利或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种ACE抑制剂以以下的量在本发明的组合物中典型地存在(或者根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.5mg至大约50mg,,例如大约0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约1.25mg、大约2mg、大约2.5mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约7.5mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、大约10mg、大约11mg、大约12mg、大约13mg、大约14mg、大约15mg、大约16mg、大约17mg、大约18mg、大约19mg、大约20mg、大约21mg、大约22mg、大约23mg、大约24mg、大约25mg、大约26mg、大约27mg、大约28mg、大约29mg、大约30mg、大约31mg、大约32mg、大约33mg、大约34mg、大约35mg、大约36mg、大约37mg、大约38mg、大约39mg、大约40mg、大约41mg、大约42mg、大约43mg、大约44mg、大约45mg、大约46mg、大约47mg、大约48mg、大约49mg、或大约50mg。
醛固酮拮抗剂
醛固酮是通过抑制肾功能促进高血压的类固醇激素。与醛固酮竞争盐皮质激素受体的作用剂因此在预防或治疗高血压中是有用的。合适的醛固酮剂的非限制性实例包括依普利酮和螺甾内酯、或其组合。
如果需要,醛固酮拮抗剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约5mg至大约100mg,例如大约5mg、大约10mg、大约12mg、大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约85mg、大约90mg、大约95、或大约100mg.
α-阻断剂
α-阻断剂——也称为肾上腺素能α-拮抗剂——与肾上腺素在α-肾上腺素受体竞争结合。在这些受体的肾上腺素结合导致血管收缩和因此高血压。合适的α-阻断剂的非限制性实例包括多沙唑嗪、甲基多巴、可乐定、哌唑嗪、特拉唑嗪、或其组合。
如果需要,α-阻断剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.02mg至大约0.5mg,例如大约0.02mg、大约0.03mg、大约0.04mg、大约0.05mg、大约0.06mg、大约0.07mg、大约0.08mg、大约0.09mg、大约0.1mg、大约0.2mg、大约2.5mg、大约0.3mg、大约3.5mg、大约0.4mg、大约4.5mg、或大约0.5mg;大约0.5mg至大约15mg,f例如大约0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、大约10mg、大约11mg、大约12mg、大约13mg、大约14mg、or大约15mg;大约100mg至大约500mg,例如大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、或大约500mg。
α/β阻断剂
如果需要,α/β-阻断剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约25mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约3.125mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约6.25mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、大约10mg、大约11mg、大约12mg、大约13mg、大约14mg、大约15mg、大约16mg、大约17mg、大约18mg、大约19mg、大约20mg、大约21mg、大约22mg、大约23mg、大约24、或大约25mg。α/β-阻断剂的非限制性实例是卡维地洛。
血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂
血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂——可选地称为血管紧张肽受体阻断剂、ARBs、AT1-受体拮抗剂、或沙坦类(sartans)在治疗高血压、充血性心脏衰竭和各种其他疾病和病症中是有用的。血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂的非限制性实例包括坎地沙坦、厄贝沙坦、奥美沙坦、洛沙坦、缬沙坦、替米沙坦、依普沙坦、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种血管紧张肽II受体拮抗剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约100mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、大约10mg、大约12mg、大约15mg、大约16mg、大约20mg、大约24mg、大约25mg、大约28mg、大约30mg、大约32mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约85mg、大约90mg、大约95mg、大约100mg;大约40mg至大约320mg,例如,大约40mg、大约60mg、大约80mg、大约100mg、大约120mg、大约140mg、大约160mg、大约180mg、大约200mg、大约220mg、大约240mg、大约260mg、大约280mg、大约300mg、大约320mg;大约200mg至大约800mg,例如大约200mg、大约250mg、大约300mg、大约350mg、大约400mg、大约450mg、大约500mg、大约550mg、大约600mg、大约650mg、大约700mg、大约750mg、或大约800mg。
抗-心律失常剂
抗-心律失常药起到调整心律不齐和/或降低跳到太快的心脏的作用。合适的抗-心律失常剂的非限制性实例包括腺苷、胺碘酮、地高辛、双异丙吡胺、氟卡尼、利多卡因、美西律、普鲁卡因胺、葡糖酸奎尼定、普罗帕酮盐酸盐、妥卡胺或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种抗-心律失常剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.1mg至大约1500mg,大约1mg至大约1200mg、或大约5mg至大约1000mg,例如大约0.1mg、大约0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约266mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约324mg、大约325mg、大约330mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、或大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、或大约1500mg。
在另一个实施方式中,一种或多种抗心律失常药可以以以下的量存在:大约1mg/mL至大约500mg/mL,例如大约1mg/mL、大约2mg/mL、大约3mg/mL、大约4mg/mL、大约5mg/mL、大约6mg/mL、大约10mg/mL、大约25mg/mL、大约50mg/mL、大约75mg/mL、大约80mg/mL、大约100mg/mL、大约125mg/mL、大约150mg/mL、大约175mg/mL、大约200mg/mL、大约225mg/mL、大约250mg/mL、大约275mg/mL、大约300mg/mL、大约325mg/mL、大约350mg/mL、大约375mg/mL、大约400mg/mL、大约425mg/mL、大约450mg/mL、大约475mg/mL、或大约500mg/mL。
在另一个实施方式中,抗心律失常药以按总组合物重量的以下量存在:大约0.01%至大约5%,例如大约0.01%、大约0.02%、大约0.03%、大约0.04%、大约0.05%、大约0.06%、大约0.07%、大约0.08%、大约0.09%、大约0.1%、大约0.2%、大约0.3%、大约0.4%、大约0.5%、大约0.6%、大约0.7%、大约0.8%、大约0.9%、大约1%、大约1.1%、大约1.2%、大约1.3%、大约1.4%、大约1.5%、大约1.6%、大约1.7%、大约1.8%、大约1.9%、大约2%、大约2.1%、大约2.2%、大约2.3%、大约2.4%、大约2.5%、大约2.6%、大约2.7%、大约2.8%、大约2.9%、大约3%、大约3.1%、大约3.2%、大约3.3%、大约3.4%、大约3.5%、大约3.6%、大约3.7%、大约3.8%、大约3.9%、大约4%、大约4.1%、大约4.2%、大约4.3%、大约4.4%、大约4.5%、大约4.6%、大约4.7%、大约4.8%、大约4.9%、或大约5%。
抗血小板剂
抗血小板剂抑制血小板聚集,因而阻止血栓形成。抗血小板剂的非限制性实例包括阿地肝素、阿司匹林、氯吡格雷、达那肝素、达肝素、得肝素(denaparoid)、噻氯匹定、西洛他唑、阿昔单抗、依替巴肽、替罗非班、去纤苷、依诺肝素、潘生丁、亭扎肝素或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种抗血小板剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约10mg至大约100mg,例如大约10mg、大约12.5mg、大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约85mg、大约90mg、大约95mg、或大约100mg;大约50mg至大约300mg,例如大约50mg、大约75mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、或大约300mg。
在另一个实施方式中,一种或多种抗血小板剂以以下的量存在:大约25μg/mL至大约50μg/mL,例如大约25μg/mL、大约30μg/mL、大约35μg/mL、大约40μg/mL、大约45μg/mL、或大约50μg/mL;大约1mg/mL至大约2mg/mL,例如大约1mg/mL、大约1.25mg/mL、大约1.50mg/mL、大约1.75、或大约2mg/mL。
apoA-1模拟物
脱酯载酯蛋白A-1(“apoA-1”)是血清HDL胆固醇的主要蛋白成分。apoA-1模拟物的非限制性实例包括ETC-216、ETC-588-脂质体、ETC-642、三聚体apoA-1、CSL-111、APP018、反D-4F、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种apoA-1模拟物在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.1mg至大约1500mg,大约1mg至大约1200mg,或大约5mg至大约1000mg,例如大约0.1mg、大约0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约266mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约324mg、大约325mg、大约330mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000 mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、或大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、或大约1500mg.
β阻断剂
β阻断剂应答β神经受体,所述受体常常降低心率和降低血压。合适的β阻断剂的非限制性实例包括醋丁洛尔、阿替洛尔、美托洛尔、纳多洛尔、奈必洛尔、吲哚洛尔、普萘洛尔或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种β阻断剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约1000mg、大约1mg至大约750mg,或大约1mg至大约500mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约2.5mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约120mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、或大约500mg。
胆汁酸螯合剂
胆汁酸螯合剂通过结合胃肠道中的胆汁酸成分、使得它们在此后不能被吸收来中断胆汁酸的肠肝循环。胆汁酸螯合剂因此对于预防或治疗高脂血症等其它疾病和病症是有用的。胆汁酸螯合剂的非限制性实例包括考来维仑盐酸盐、考来替泊、考来烯胺(locholest)和消胆胺或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种胆汁酸螯合剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约4mg至大约32mg,例如大约4mg、大约8mg、大约12mg、大约16mg、大约24mg、大约32mg;大约300mg至大约4000mg、例如大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约400mg、大约450mg、大约500mg、大约550mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约700mg、大约750mg、大约800mg、大约900mg、大约1000mg、大约1250mg、大约1500mg、大约1750mg、大约2000mg、大约2250mg、大约2500mg、大约2750mg、大约3000mg、大约3250mg、大约3500mg、大约3750、或大约4000mg.
钙通道阻断剂
钙通道阻断剂通过它们的血管舒张作用在预防或治疗高血压中是有用的。钙通道阻断剂的非限制性实例包括尼卡地平、地尔硫卓、丁酸氯维地平、伊拉地平、尼莫地平、尼索地平、维拉帕米、和苯磺酸氨氯地平、或其组合。组合钙通道阻断剂的非限制性实例包括氨氯地平、奥美沙坦、缬沙坦、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种钙通道阻断剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约10mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约2.5mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、或大约10mg;大约5mg至大约34mg,例如大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约8.5mg、大约9mg、大约10mg、大约15mg、大约17.5mg、大约20mg、大约22.5mg、大约25mg、大约25.5mg、大约27.5mg、大约30mg、大约32.5、或大约34mg;大约10mg至大约60mg,例如大约10mg、大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、或大约60mg;大约20mg至大约120mg,例如大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约110、或大约120mg;大约60mg至大约420mg,例如大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约110mg、大约120mg、大约140mg、大约160mg、大约180mg、大约200mg、大约220mg、大约240mg、大约260mg、大约280mg、大约300mg、大约320mg、大约340mg、大约360mg、大约380mg、大约400、或大约420mg。
在另一个实施方式中,一种或多种钙通道阻断剂以以下的量存在:大约0.05mg/mL至大约2.5mg/mL,例如大约0.05mg/mL、大约0.1mg/mL、大约0.2mg/mL、大约0.3mg/mL、大约0.4mg/mL、大约0.5mg/mL、大约0.6mg/mL、大约0.7mg/mL、大约0.8mg/mL、大约0.9mg/mL、大约1.0mg/mL、大约1.25mg/mL、大约1.5mg/mL、大约1.75mg/mL、大约2.0mg/mL、大约2.25mg/mL、或大约2.5mg/mL。
CETP抑制剂
胆固醇酯转移蛋白(“CETP”)在转移胆固醇酯和甘油三酯中起到重要作用。抑制CETP——也称为血浆脂质转移蛋白——因此在预防或治疗动脉硬化症和其它心血管疾病和病症中是有用的。CETP的抑制剂的非限制性实例包括托塞匹布、安塞曲匹、JTT-705、BAY-60-5521、PF-3185043、和CP-800569、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种CETP抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以足以提供对象以下剂量的量存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约25mg/kg体重(“mg/kg”)至大约100mg/kg,例如大约25mg/kg、大约30mg/kg、大约35mg/kg、大约40mg/kg、大约45mg/kg、大约50mg/kg、大约55mg/kg、大约60mg/kg、大约65mg/kg、大约70mg/kg、大约75mg/kg、大约80mg/kg、大约85mg/kg、大约90mg/kg、大约95mg/kg、或大约100mg/kg。
在另一个实施方式中,如果需要,一种或多种CETP抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约100mg至大约10g,大约500mg至大约9g,或大约750mg至大约5g。
胆固醇吸收抑制剂
胆固醇吸收抑制剂通过阻止从小肠摄取胶束胆固醇降低乳糜微粒和乳糜微粒残余的胆固醇含量。结果,较少的胆固醇递送到肝,和因而减低了LDL。胆固醇吸收抑制剂的非限制性实例包括依折麦布和辛伐他汀、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种胆固醇吸收抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约10mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、或大约10mg;或大约10至大约80mg,例如大约10mg、大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、或大约80mg。
利尿剂
利尿剂增加排尿速度强迫多尿。一些利尿剂也提供降压作用。利尿剂的非限制性实例包括双氢氯噻嗪、托塞米、利尿酸、速尿、氨苯喋啶、吲达帕胺、氯噻嗪钠、阿利吉仑、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种利尿剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):(a)大约0.25mg至大约2.5mg,例如大约0.25mg、大约0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约1.25mg、大约1.5mg、大约1.75mg、大约2mg、大约2.25mg、或大约2.5mg;(b)大约5mg至大约25mg,例如大约5mg、大约10mg、大约12.5mg、大约15mg、大约17.5mg、大约20mg、大约22.5mg、或大约25mg;(c)大约2mg至大约100mg,例如大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约7.5mg、大约10mg、大约12.5mg、大约15mg、大约17.5mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约85mg、大约90mg、大约95mg、或大约100mg;(d)大约10mg至大约50mg,例如大约10mg、大约12.5mg、大约15mg、大约17.5mg、大约20mg、大约22.5mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、或大约50mg;大约5mg至大约60mg,例如大约5mg、大约10mg、大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg,(e)或大约60mg;大约25mg至大约100mg,例如大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、或大约100mg;大约75mg至大约300mg,例如大约75mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、或大约300mg;(f)大约0.1g至大约0.5g,例如大约0.1g、大约0.2g、大约0.3g、大约0.4g、或大约0.5g;或(g)大约1mg/mL至大约10mg/mL,例如大约1mg/mL、大约2mg/mL、大约3mg/mL、大约4mg/mL、大约5mg/mL、大约6mg/mL、大约7mg/mL、大约8mg/mL、大约9mg/mL、或大约10mg/mL。
血脂异常剂
血脂异常是包括高脂血症的一类疾病。弗雷德里克森I血脂异常(有时称为Buerger-Gruetz综合征、原发性高脂血症、或家族性血乳糜微粒过多症)是以升高的胆固醇水平为特征,具有弗雷德里克森IIa血脂异常(也知道为家族性高胆固醇血症)的对象显示升高的LDL水平。具有弗雷德里克森IIb血脂异常(家族性复合高脂血症(FCH)或次生性复合高脂血症)的那些显示增加的LDL和VLDL水平。弗雷德里克森III血脂异常(有时称为宽β脂蛋白病或异常β脂蛋白血症)以升高的中密度脂蛋白(“IDL”)为特征,而弗雷德里克森IV异常脂血症(有时称为“纯的高甘油三酯血症”)具有升高的VLDL水平。具有弗雷德里克森V血脂异常的对象具有增加的VLDL和乳糜微粒水平。
血脂异常剂的非限制性实例包括Angpt14抗体、APA-01(Phosphagenics)、CRD-5(ImaSight)、NCX6560(NicOx)、PCSK9RNAi(Alnylam)、重组的apoA-1(SemBioSysGenetics)、抗氧化LDL(基因泰克)、APL180(诺华)、APP018(D4F)(诺华)、CER-002(CerenisTherapeutics)、CP-800、569(辉瑞)、GSK-256073(葛兰素史克)、MB07811(Metabasis)、PF-3、185、043(辉瑞)、R7232(罗氏)、rilapladib(葛兰素史克)、RVX-208(Resverlogix)、Sobetirome(QRX-431(QuatRx))、安塞曲匹(默克)、CSL111(CS有限公司)、darapladib(葛兰素史克)、伊罗替罗(卡罗生物)、GFT505(Genfit)、MAHDL01(Marzal Plant Pharma)、MBX-8025(Metabolex)、PLX204(Wyeth/Plexxikon)、阿格列扎(罗氏)、达塞曲匹(罗氏)、SLx4090(Surface Logix)、verespladib(Anthera Pharmaceuticals)、AEGR-733(Aegerion)、ABT-335(雅培)、AVE5530(赛诺菲-安万特公司)、LCP-AtorFen(LifeCycle Pharma)、TRIA-662(Cortria)、非诺贝特、菲诺贝特胆碱、依折麦布、考来维仑、拉罗皮兰、或前述任一的组合。
如果需要,一种或多种利尿剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约1000mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、大约10mg、大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约43mg、大约45mg、大约48mg、大约50mg、大约54mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约67mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约85mg、大约87mg、大约90mg、大约95mg、大约100mg、大约105mg、大约107mg、大约110mg、大约115mg、大约120mg、大约125mg、大约130mg、大约134mg、大约135mg、大约140mg、大约145mg、大约150mg、大约155mg、大约160mg、大约165mg、大约170mg、大约175mg、大约180mg、大约185mg、大约190mg、大约195mg、大约200mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约500mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、或大约1000mg。
内皮素受体拮抗剂
内皮素-A(ETA)或内皮素-B(ETB)受体的内皮素-1的结合引起肺部血管收缩。内皮素受体拮抗剂与内皮素-1竞争结合,由此减小肺部血管收缩。内皮素受体拮抗剂因此在治疗肺部高血压是有用的。内皮素受体拮抗剂的非限制性实例包括包括安贝生坦、波生坦、凡瑞克、特林、或其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种内皮素受体拮抗剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约10mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、或大约10mg;大约50mg至大约250mg,例如大约50mg、大约75mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、或大约250mg。
HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂
HMG-CoA还原酶(也知道为HMGR)沿着产生胆固醇的代谢路径转化HMG-CoA(3-羟基-3-甲基-戊二酰-辅酶A)成为甲羟戊酸(3,5-二羟基-3-甲基-戊酸)。HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂——也称为他汀类抑制HMG-CoA还原酶,因而减少胆固醇产生。结果是,HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂在治疗各种心血管疾病和病症是有用的,包括例如,高胆固醇血症、高脂血症、混合性血脂异常、高甘油三酯血症、动脉硬化症,HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括洛伐他汀、洛伐他汀+烟酸、美伐他汀、匹伐他汀、普伐他汀、瑞舒伐他汀、氟伐他汀、阿托伐他汀、阿托伐他汀+苯磺酸氨氯地平、辛伐他汀、辛伐他汀+烟酸、依折麦布、和普伐他汀等等。
如果需要,一种或多种HMG-CoA还原酶抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约1000mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、或大约10mg;大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、或大约1000mg。
LCAT激活剂
卵磷脂-胆固醇酰基转移酶(“LCAT”)转化胆固醇成为胆固醇酯。在LCAT缺乏水平的患者中,未酯化胆固醇在身体组织中积累。这可以导致HDL的升高的血清水平且最终导致动脉硬化症。LCAT激活剂因此在降低血清HDL水平以及治疗或预防动脉硬化症是有用的。LCAT激活剂的非限制性实例包括LCAT酶、重组的LCAT、基因治疗剂——其包括编码LCAT表达的核酸序列、雌激素、雌激素类似物、和其组合,例如在美国专利号6,635,614中公开的,其通过引用以其整体并入本文。
如果需要,一种或多种LCAT激活剂在本发明的组合物中以足以提高对象的血清LCAT水平到期望水平的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药)。具有异常低的LCAT血清水平的对象可以给与足以提升对象的血清LCAT水平到正常水平——典型地为大约5μg/mL或更大的量的本发明的组合物,所述组合物包括EPA和LCAT酶、雌激素、雌激素类似物、或其组合。在另一个实施方式中,具有大约正常LCAT血清水平的对象可以用足以提升LCAT血清水平至大约6μg/mL或更高、大约7μg/mL或更高、大约8μg/mL或更高、大约9μg/mL或更高、或大约10μg/mL或更高的量本发明的组合物治疗,所述组合物包括EPA和LCAT酶、雌激素、雌激素类似物、或其组合。
LDL受体诱导剂
LDL受体是细胞表面蛋白质。衔接蛋白、LDL受体一起结合游离LDL胆固醇形成披有网格蛋白的小泡、降低血清LDL水平。因此,诱导LDL受体的作用剂进一步降低血清LDL水平,和在治疗或预防动脉硬化症中是有用的。LDL受体的非限制性实例是乳胱素.
如果需要,一种或多种LDL受体诱导剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约1000mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、或大约10mg大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、或大约1000mg。
Lp-PLA抑制剂
本发明的组合物可以包括一种或多种脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2(Lp-PLA2)抑制剂。Lp-PLA2水解LDL胆固醇中的氧化磷脂。Lp-PLA2的高水平看上去引发动脉硬化症中的级联的炎症事件和中风的增加的风险。Lp-PLA2抑制剂因此在减缓或预防动脉硬化症的发展是有用的。Lp-PLA2抑制剂的非限制性实例包括rilapladib、darapladib和其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种Lp-PLA2抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1mg至大约1000mg,例如大约1mg、大约2mg、大约3mg、大约4mg、大约5mg、大约6mg、大约7mg、大约8mg、大约9mg、或大约10mg;大约15mg、大约20mg、大约25mg、大约30mg、大约35mg、大约40mg、大约45mg、大约50mg、大约55mg、大约60mg、大约65mg、大约70mg、大约75mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、或大约1000mg。
5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂
根据本发明的不同实施方式,5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂是有用的。5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括VIA-2291、MK-886、CMI 977、ABT-761、ZD2138、氯萘帕林、塞露顿、5-LO抑制剂6、L-739、010、CGS 22745、SC 45662、和其组合。
适合于根据本发明的实施方式的使用的另外的5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂在以下的美国专利和专利申请——其每一个通过引用以其整体并入本文——中公开:U.S.20050101659、U.S.7026344、U.S.7329682、U.S.20040198768、U.S.20090054519、U.S.5112848、U.S.5086052、U.S.482828、U.S.5208364、U.S. 4970210、U.S.4794114、U.S.4686231、U.S.5134150、U.S.5639782、U.S.6239170、U.S.20060106014、U.S.5229386、U.S.4673684、U.S.6136839、U.S.6090547、U.S.6355434、U.S.20090042849、U.S.4731382、U.S.4877881、U.S.5130485、U.S.5665752、U.S.5723481、U.S.5102897、U.S.5234939、U.S.5143928、U.S.5217971、U.S.4889941、U.S.5234937、U.S.5283361、U.S.5232939、U.S.5086064、U.S.5208251、U.S.5290800、U.S.5006549、U.S.5494927、U.S.20040198800、U.S.4719218、U.S.4847270、U.S.6121323、U.S.20080226758、U.S.20070218146、U.S.4728656、U.S.4835189、U.S.5763673、U.S.4835190、U.S.5162365、U.S.5985937、U.S.6455541、U.S.5534524、U.S.20070134341、U.S.20050267145、U.S.4694018、U.S.5260294、U.S.5792776、U.S.5530141、U.S.5780503、U.S.5093356、U.S.5348957、U.S.5384318、U.S.568822、U.S.20010009918、U.S.20070219206、U.S.20070225285、U.S.20050267211、U.S.20030162193、U.S.20070173508、U.S.20070066577、U.S.5036067、U.S.20030082108、U.S.20090018170、U.S.20070105866、U.S.20070237848、U.S.20070244185、U.S.20080227807、U.S.4728735、U.S.4803279、U.S.4962119、U.S.5314898、U.S.20070123522、U.S.20070123522、U.S.20070244128、U.S.20070093524、U.S.4602023、U.S.4943587、U.S.6025384、U.S.20090118373、U.S.5112868、U.S.5254553、U.S.5312821、U.S.5635514、U.S.7405302、U.S.4624964、U.S.4786755、U.S.4933351、U.S.5059609、U.S.5442111、U.S.5066668、U.S.5292900、U.S.5998451、U.S.4851586、U.S.5314900、U.S.5447943、U.S.6221880、U.S.6262077、U.S.6376528、U.S.6569895、U.S.4663347、U.S.4975457、U.S.4978679、U.S.5703093、U.S.5811432、U.S.4822803、U.S.5356921、U.S.5750565、U.S.4751310、U.S.4816486、U.S.5288751、U.S.5298512、U.S.5909734、U.S.4745127、U.S.5215986、U.S.5270319、U.S.5476944、U.S.4939169、U.S.6166031、U.S.6696477、U.S.6756399、U.S.4931444、U.S.5066658、U.S.5248685、U.S.5240929、U.S.4861798、U.S.4933329、U.S.5008390、U.S.5814648、U.S.6939674、U.S.5696141、U.S.5434151、U.S.20030216481、U.S.20030232763、U.S.20060177528、U.S.20030235620、U.S.20020177723、U.S.5036105、U.S.5504097、U.S.5741809、U.S.5459154、U.S.5463083、U.S.6420392、U.S.5358938、U.S.5326907、U.S.6294574、U.S.5648486、U.S.5856323、U.S.7387797、U.S.4801611、U.S.5530114、U.S.7514469、U.S.20010025040、U.S.20020143033、U.S.5665749、U.S.20010009917、U.S.20070049621、U.S.20080280826、U.S.5393923、U.S.5114958、U.S.5376670、U.S.6217875、U.S.5155122、U.S.5288896、U.S.6436924、U.S.5256680、U.S.7132441、U.S.5145860、U.S.5354768、U.S.5698576、U.S.7371874、U.S. 5068251、U.S.5130483、U.S.6177415、U.S.5541218、U.S.20070264361、U.S.5284949、U.S.4672075、U.S.5212189、U.S.5302597、U.S.20080107757、U.S.6620813、U.S.5250565、U.S.624012、U.S.4732901、U.S.5196431、U.S.5340815、U.S.5504108、U.S.5220025、U.S.5252562、U.S.5420131、U.S.5037837、U.S.5081126、U.S.5105020、U.S.5187175、U.S.5342838、U.S.4755525、U.S.5248682、U.S.4963576、U.S.5514703、U.S.6194585、U.S.6194585、U.S.6291534、U.S.4695586、U.S.4971979、U.S.6653311、U.S.4755524、U.S.5147893、U.S.4711903、U.S.20040077691、U.S.4695585、U.S.2005009084、U.S.5516789、U.S.5512594、U.S.20070202206、U.S.6261607、U.S.5350754、U.S.6344563、U.S.20040235807、U.S.5064851、U.S.5254581、U.S.5288742、U.S.5403859、U.S.5407945、U.S.20030008914、U.S.5254731、U.S.5318970、U.S.5519022、U.S.6174883、U.S.6262073、U.S.20040170974、U.S.20070231345、U.S.4985435、U.S.5126365、U.S.5234950、U.S.5321025、U.S.5484805、U.S.5221677、U.S.5280047、U.S.5300655、和U.S.5359063。
如果需要,一种或多种5-脂肪加氧酶抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.01mg至大约2500mg、大约0.1mg至大约1500mg、大约1mg至大约1200mg、或大约5mg至大约1000mg,例如大约0.1mg、大约0.5、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约5mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、或大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、大约1500mg、大约1525mg、大约1550mg、大约1575mg、大约1600mg、大约1625mg、大约1650mg、大约1675mg、大约1700mg、大约1725mg、大约1750mg、大约1775mg、大约1800mg、大约1825mg、大约1850mg、大约1875mg、大约1900mg、大约1925mg、大约1950mg、大约1975mg、大约2000mg、大约2025mg、大约2050mg、大约2075mg、大约2100mg、大约2125mg、大约2150mg、大约2175mg、大约2200mg、大约2225mg、大约2250mg、大约2275mg、大约2300mg、大约2325mg、大约2350mg、大约2375mg、大约2400mg、大约2425mg、大约2450mg、大约2475mg或大约2500mg。
微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白抑制剂
微粒体甘油三酯转移蛋白(“MTTP”或“MTP”)是参与脂蛋白组织的异源二聚体蛋白质。MTP抑制剂因此在减缓或预防脂蛋白的产生以及因此的心血管疾病和病症是有用的。MTP抑制剂的非限制性实例包括SLx-4090、AEGR-733、英普他派、BMS-200150、CP-346086、JTT-130、dirlotapide、和其组合。
适合于根据本发明的实施方式应用的另外的MTP抑制剂在以下的美国专利和专利申请——其每一个通过引用以其整体并入本文——中公开:U.S.20030166590、U.S.6492365、U.S.20040132779、U.S.20040132745、U.S.20050181376、U.S.20030086912、U.S.6767739、U.S.20080249130、U.S.20020028943、U.S.5883099、U.S.5739135、U.S.5712279、U.S.6034098、U.S.5827875、U.S.6066650、U.S.5885983、U.S.20060166999、U.S.20070027183、U.S.20020045271、U.S.6288234、U.S.20030109700、U.S.20040014748、6878707、6218524、5595872、U.S.20080253985、U.S.20080103122、U.S.20050234073、U.S.20050090426、U.S.20040044008、U.S.20090042835、U.S.20040058908、U.S.20060270655、U.S.6369075、U.S.20080241869、U.S.20070093468、U.S.20090054393、U.S.20020132806、U.S.20070088089、U.S.20040033506、U.S.20080161279、U.S.20020161233、U.S.20020042516、U.S.20070093527、U.S.6713489、U.S.20060211020、U.S.6617325、U.S.6147214和U.S.20020032238。
在一个实施方式中,如果需要,一种或多种MTP抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以足以提供对象以下剂量的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约1μg/kg的体制(μg/kg)至大约100μg/kg,例如大约25μg/kg、大约30μg/kg、大约35μg/kg、大约40μg/kg、大约45μg/kg、大约50μg/kg、大约55μg/kg、大约60μg/kg、大约65μg/kg、大约70μg/kg、大约75μg/kg、大约80μg/kg、大约85μg/kg、大约90μg/kg、大约95μg/kg、或大约100μg/kg。在另一个实施方式中,一种或多种MTP抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约30μg至大约20mg、大约50μg至大约15mg、或大约70μg至大约10mg。
在另一个实施方式中,一种或多种MTP抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.01mg至大约2500mg、大约0.1mg至大约1500mg、大约1mg至大约1200mg、或大约5mg至大约1000mg,例如大约0.1mg、大约0.5、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约5mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、或大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、大约1500mg、大约1525mg、大约1550mg、大约1575mg、大约1600mg、大约1625mg、大约1650mg、大约1675mg、大约1700mg、大约1725mg、大约1750mg、大约1775mg、大约1800mg、大约1825mg、大约1850mg、大约1875mg、大约1900mg、大约1925mg、大约1950mg、大约1975mg、大约2000mg、大约2025mg、大约2050mg、大约2075mg、大约2100mg、大约2125mg、大约2150mg、大约2175mg、大约2200mg、大约2225mg、大约2250mg、大约2275mg、大约2300mg、大约2325mg、大约2350mg、大约2375mg、大约2400mg、大约2425mg、大约2450mg、大约2475mg或大约2500mg。
PPAR激动剂和激活剂
过氧化物酶体增生物激活受体(“PPARs”)是通过联合类视黄醇X受体(“RXR”)作为转录因子调节基因表达的核受体蛋白质。抑制或激活PPARs表达的作用剂在调整某些基因的表达因此是有用,包括例如与代谢病症诸如高胆固醇血症相关的基因。激动剂和激活剂的非限制性实例包括非诺贝特、苯扎贝特、环丙贝特、氯贝丁酯、吉非贝齐、CER-002、罗格列酮、GW501516、RWJ 800025、KD-3010、和其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种PPAR激动剂和/或激活剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.5mg至大约4mg,例如大约0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约1.25mg、大约1.5mg、大约1.75mg、大约2mg、大约2.25mg、大约2.5mg、大约2.75mg、大约3mg、大约3.25mg、大约3.5mg、大约3.75mg、或大约4mg;大约20mg至大约120mg,例如大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约110mg、或大约120mg。
sPLA2抑制剂
sPLA2抑制剂适合于根据本发明的各种实施方式的使用。sPLA2抑制剂的非限制性实例包括LY 333013、varespladib、WA8242A、WA8242A2、WA8242B、A-0001、A-0002和其组合。
适合于根据本发明的实施方式的使用的另外的sPLA2抑制剂在以下的美国专利和专利申请——其每一个通过引用以其整体并入本文——中公开:U.S.6974831、U.S.6916840、U.S.6992100、U.S.6872743、U.S.20040063967、U.S.20040063941、U.S.20040092543、U.S.20040077704、U.S.6433001、U.S.20030153770、U.S.20030191175、U.S.6706752、U.S.6730694、U.S.20040059130、U.S.7026348、U.S.6608099、U.S.6340699、U.S.6252084、U.S.6635670、U.S.6939890、U.S.6930123、U.S.6713505、U.S.6274578、U.S.6451839、U.S.20040029948、U.S.20090062369、U.S.20030236232、U.S.7160909、U.S.6384041、U.S.6175021、U.S.6214876、U.S.20090131396、U.S.6353128、U.S.6407104、U.S.6274616、U.S.20030087944、U.S.5916922、U.S.20040198801、U.S.20080249027、U.S.7026318、U.S.6933313、U.S.20040087796、U.S.6391908、U.S.20030181454、U.S.6831095、U.S.6177426、U.S.20060116379、U.S.6472389、U.S.6797708、U.S.20090118503、U.S.20070249008、U.S.7087637、U.S.5919810、U.S.6828344、U.S.6916841、U.S.5654326、U.S.5641800、U.S.5733923、U.S.6534535、U.S.20050026988、U.S.6166062、U.S.5684034、U.S.7253194、U.S.20080045444、U.S.20040033995、U.S.20060235009、U.S.20090088427、U.S.7196103、U.S.20080317809、U.S.20090092595、U.S.20070037253、U.S.7098237、U.S.6140327、U.S.5972972、U.S.20040248898、U.S.6967200、U.S.20030092767、U.S.20040106669、U.S.20040077651、U.S.20050158401、U.S.6514984、U.S.20040102442、U.S.6610728、U.S.20030119860、U.S.6436983、U.S.6703385、U.S.6576654、U.S.7101875、U.S.6635771、U.S.6756376、U.S.6984735、U.S.6448284、U.S.6787545、U.S.6265591、U.S.6713645、U.S.6673781、U.S.6214855、U.S.6008231、U.S.6344467、U.S.6177440、U.S.6426344、U.S.7105514、U.S.6214991、U.S.20020169108、U.S.20060025348、U.S.20030008816、U.S.20090029917、U.S.6900208、U.S.6380397、U.S.7205329、U.S.5919943、U.S.7126010、U.S.7109231、U.S.6555568、U.S.6872557、U.S.7030112、U.S.7041695、U.S.7220756、U.S.7396838、U.S.6407261、U.S.6028116、U.S.5965619、U.S.6063818、U.S.5998477、U.S.6121321、U.S.6958348、U.S.7528112、U.S.6903104、U.S.6745133、U.S.6861436、U.S.5650374、U.S.6569539、U.S.6432987、U.S.5762413、U.S.7176281、U.S.7317009、U.S.7153854、U.S.20020110523、U.S.6776986、U.S.5948779、U.S.7449615、U.S.7531568、U.S.7476746、U.S.7491831、U.S.6231189、U.S.6987105、U.S.7300932、U.S.6962784、U.S.6248553、U.S.6255063、U.S.20070053912、U.S.6974831、U.S.20040063941、U.S.20040077704、U.S.20040248898、U.S.20040063967、U.S.6992100、U.S.20040092543、U.S.6916840、U.S.6433001、U.S.20070249008、U.S.20090092595、U.S.6872743、U.S.20070037253。
如果需要,一种或多种sPLA2抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.01mg至大约2500mg、大约0.1mg至大约1500mg、大约1mg至大约1200mg、或大约5mg至大约1000mg、例如大约0.1mg、大约0.5、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约5mg、大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、或大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、大约1500mg、大约1525mg、大约1550mg、大约1575mg、大约1600mg、大约1625mg、大约1650mg、大约1675mg、大约1700mg、大约1725mg、大约1750mg、大约1775mg、大约1800mg、大约1825mg、大约1850mg、大约1875mg、大约1900mg、大约1925mg、大约1950mg、大约1975mg、大约2000mg、大约2025mg、大约2050mg、大约2075mg、大约2100mg、大约2125mg、大约2150mg、大约2175mg、大约2200mg、大约2225mg、大约2250mg、大约2275mg、大约2300mg、大约2325mg、大约2350mg、大约2375mg、大约2400mg、大约2425mg、大约2450mg、大约2475mg或大约2500mg。
鲨烯环氧酶抑制剂
鲨烯环氧酶——也称为鲨烯单加氧酶催化胆固醇生物合成路径中的鲨烯的氧化。因此,抑制鲨烯环氧酶的作用剂在预防或减缓胆固醇产生是有用的。鲨烯环氧酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括特比萘芬、萘替芬、阿莫罗芬、布替萘芬、FR194738、NB-598、白藜芦醇(反式-3,4',5-三羟基二苯乙烯)、没食子儿茶素-3-O-没食子酸、S-烯丙基半胱氨酸、硒代半胱氨酸、蒜氨酸、二烯丙基三硫、二烯丙基二硫、和其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种鲨烯环氧酶抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约100mg至250mg,例如大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、或大约250mg;按组合物重量计的大约0.5%至大约5%,例如按重量计大约0.5%、大约0.75%、大约1%、大约1.25%、大约1.5%、大约1.75%、大约2%、大约2.25%、大约2.5%、大约2.75%、大约3%、大约3.25%、大约3.5%、大约3.75%、大约4%、大约4.25%、大约4.5%、大约4.75%、或大约5%。
溶栓剂
溶栓剂溶解血凝块。溶栓剂因此在治疗心血管疾病和病症中是有用的,所述心血管疾病和病症包括例如深静脉血栓、肺部栓塞、缺血性并发症、不稳定型心绞痛、心肌梗死、和静脉血栓栓塞等等。溶栓剂的非限制性实例包括磺达肝素、达肝素、依诺肝素、阿哌沙班、PD-348292、和其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种溶栓剂在本发明的组合物中以足以提供以下剂量的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.5mg/kg的体重(“mg/kg”)至大约40mg/kg,例如大约0.5mg/kg、大约1mg/kg、大约2mg/kg、大约3mg/kg、大约4mg/kg、大约5mg/kg、大约6mg/kg、大约7mg/kg、大约8mg/kg、大约9mg/kg、大约10mg/kg、大约11mg/kg、大约12mg/kg、大约13mg/kg、大约14mg/kg、大约15mg/kg、大约16mg/kg、大约17mg/kg、大约18mg/kg、大约19mg/kg、大约20mg/kg、大约21mg/kg、大约22mg/kg、大约23mg/kg、大约24mg/kg、大约25mg/kg、大约26mg/kg、大约27mg/kg、大约28mg/kg、大约29mg/kg、大约30mg/kg、大约31mg/kg、大约32mg/kg、大约33mg/kg、大约34mg/kg、大约35mg/kg、大约36mg/kg、大约37mg/kg、大约38mg/kg、大约39mg/kg、或大约40mg/kg,或以大约30mg至大约3.5g的总量。
在另一个实施方式中,一种或多种溶栓剂在本发明的组合物中以以下量的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约0.5mg至大约2.5mg、例如0.5mg、大约0.75mg、大约1mg、大约1.25mg、大约1.5mg、大约1.75mg、大约2mg、大约2.25mg、或大约2.5mg;或以足以提供以下的国际单位/kg的体重的量:大约60国际单位/kg的体重(“IU/kg”)至大约240IU/kg,例如60IU/kg、大约70IU/kg、大约80IU/kg、大约90IU/kg、大约100IU/kg、大约110IU/kg、大约120IU/kg、大约130IU/kg、大约140IU/kg、大约150IU/kg、大约160IU/kg、大约170IU/kg、大约180IU/kg、大约190IU/kg、大约200IU/kg、大约210IU/kg、大约220IU/kg、大约230IU/kg、或大约240IU/kg。
其它心血管剂
其它心血管剂在预防、抑制或治疗心血管疾病或病症也是有用的。其它心血管剂的非限制性实例包括吉非贝齐、烟酸控释制剂、奥利司他、GFT14、AZD-2479、ETC-1001、和其组合。
如果需要,一种或多种这些其它心血管剂在本发明的组合物中以对应于特定心血管剂(一种或多种)的推荐或建议剂量的量存在(或可以根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药)。在相关实施方式中,心血管剂(一种或多种)可以在本发明的组合物中以小于特定心血管剂(一种或多种)的推荐或建议剂量的量存在(或可以根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药)。例如,本发明的组合物可以包括EPA和一种或多种以下量的其它心血管剂:大约5mg至大约1500mg,例如大约10mg、大约20mg、大约30mg、大约40mg、大约50mg、大约60mg、大约70mg、大约80mg、大约90mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约266mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约324mg、大约325mg、大约330mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、或大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、或大约1500mg。
用于在本文描述心血管剂的标题不是以任何方式解释为限制性的。多种心血管剂可以具有多种作用模式和可以在一个或多个标题下进行描述。
盐和其衍生物
盐、水合物、溶剂化物、酯、酰胺、光学异构对映体、同分异构体、互变异构体、多晶型物、前药、和任一前述药物衍生物可以根据本发明使用,并且可以使用合成有机化学的领域技术人员已知的标准步骤进行制备。参见,例如March,Advanced Organic Chemistry:Reactions,Mechanisms and Structure,第4版.(New York:Wiley-Interscience、1992);Leonard等人,Advanced Practical Organic Chemistry(1992);Howarth等人,CoreOrganic Chemistry(1998);和Weisermel等人,Industrial Organic Chemistry(2002)。
“药学上可接受的盐”、或“盐”包括由以下制备的药物的盐:甲酸、乙酸、丙酸、琥珀酸、乙醇酸、葡糖酸、乳酸、苹果酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、抗坏血酸、葡萄糖醛酸、马来酸、富马酸、丙酮酸、天门冬氨酸、谷氨酸、苯甲酸、邻氨基苯甲酸、甲磺酸、硬脂酸、水杨酸、对-羟基苯甲酸、苯乙酸、扁桃酸、扑酸、甲磺酸、乙磺酸、苯磺酸、泛酸、甲苯磺酸、2-羟基乙磺酸、磺胺酸、环己基氨基磺酸、藻酸、β-羟基丁酸、半乳糖二酸和半乳糖醛酸。
在一个实施方式中,酸加成盐由游离碱形式使用涉及游离碱与合适酸的反应的常规的方法制备。制备酸加成盐的合适酸包括有机酸以及无机酸,有机酸例如乙酸、丙酸、乙醇酸、丙酮酸、草酸、苹果酸、丙二酸、丁二酸、马来酸、富马酸、酒石酸、柠檬酸、苯甲酸、肉桂酸、扁桃酸,甲磺酸、乙磺酸、对甲苯磺酸、水杨酸等等,无机酸例如盐酸、溴酸、硫酸、硝酸、磷酸等等。
在另一个实施方式中,碱加成盐由游离酸形式使用涉及游离酸和合适碱的反应的常规的方法制备。
在其它实施方式中,酸加成盐通过用合适的碱处理重新转化为游离碱。在进一步的实施方式中,酸加成盐是卤盐,其使用盐酸或氢溴酸制备。在还另一个实施方式中,碱盐是碱金属盐,例如钠盐。在其它实施方式中,碱加成盐通过用合适的酸处理重新转化为游离酸。
在一个实施方式中,EPA和一种或多种心血管剂(一种或多种)在本发明的组合物中以以下的EPA:心血管剂的重量比存在、或共同给药:大约1:1000至大约1000:1、大约1:500至大约500:1、大约1:100至大约100:1、大约1:50至大约50:1、大约1:25至大约25:1、大约1:10至大约10:1、大约1:5至大约5:1、大约1:4至大约4:1大约1:3至大约3:1、大约1:2至大约2:1或大约1:1。
抗逆转录病毒疗法
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供治疗如本文定义的心血管相关的疾病的方法,所述疾病例如HIV阳性对象中的血脂异常或高脂血症。在另一个实施方式中,方法包括与一种或多种HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂一起共同给药或伴随给药如本文公开的一种或多种组合物。HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂的非限制性实例包括安普那韦、福沙那韦、印地那韦、洛匹那韦、奈非那韦、利托那韦和沙奎那韦。
如果需要,一种或多种HIV-1蛋白酶抑制剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量典型地存在(或根据本发明的其它实施方式与EPA共同给药):大约100mg至大约2500mg,例如大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约300mg、大约350mg、大约400mg、大约450mg、大约500mg、大约550mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约700mg、大约800mg、大约900mg、大约1000mg、大约1100mg、大约1200mg、大约1250mg、大约1300mg、大约1400mg、大约1500mg、大约1600mg、大约1700mg、大约1800mg、大约1825mg、大约1900mg、大约2000mg、大约2100mg、大约2200mg、大约2300mg、大约2400mg、或大约2500mg;大约200mg至大约1000mg,例如大约200mg、大约300mg、大约400mg、大约500mg、大约600mg、大约700mg、大约800mg、大约900mg、或大约1000mg;大约50mg至大约400mg,例如大约50mg、大约100mg、大约150mg、大约200mg、大约250mg、大约300mg、大约350mg、或大约400mg;大约大约200mg至大约1066mg,例如大约200mg、大约250mg、大约300mg、大约350mg、大约400mg、大约450mg、大约500mg、大约533mg、大约550mg、大约600mg、大约650mg、大约700mg、大约750mg、大约800mg、大约850mg、大约900mg、大约950mg、大约1000mg、或大约1066mg;大约50mg至大约1200mg,例如大约50mg、大约100mg、大约150mg、大约200mg、大约250mg、大约300mg、大约350mg、大约400mg、大约450mg、大约500mg、大约550mg、大约600mg、大约650mg、大约700mg、大约750mg、大约800mg、大约850mg、大约900mg、大约950mg、大约1000mg、大约1050mg、大约1100mg、大约1150mg、或大约1200mg;大约15mg/kg体重至大约40mg/kg体重,例如大约15mg/kg、大约20mg/kg、大约25mg/kg、大约30mg/kg、大约35mg/kg、大约mg/kg、或大约40mg/kg.
剂型
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物是口服可递送的。本文的术语“口服可递送的”或“口服给药”包括递送治疗剂或其组合到对象的任何形式,其中作用剂或组合物放置在患者的嘴中,不论作用剂或组合物是否被吞咽。因此“口服给药”包括口腔、舌下以及食道给药。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的组合物以固体剂型的形式。合适的固体剂型形式的非限制性实例包括片剂(例如悬浮片(suspension tablets)、咬悬片剂(bite suspensiontablets)、快速分散片、咀嚼片、熔体片、泡腾片、双层片等等)、囊形片剂、胶囊剂(例如装满固体或液体的软或硬明胶胶囊)、粉剂(例如小包装的粉剂、可分散的粉剂或者泡腾粉剂)、锭剂、袋囊剂、扁囊剂、含片、丸剂、颗粒剂、微粒剂、囊化微粒剂、粉末气溶胶制剂、或适合于口服给药的任何其它固体剂型。
EPA和/或任何其它心血管剂(一种和多种)可以可以在相同剂量单位中共同制剂,或可以在分开的剂量单位中单独地制剂。在本文的术语“剂量单位”(“dose unit”和“dosage unit”)指含有适合于单次给药以提供疗效量的治疗剂的部分的药物组合物。这种剂量单位可以每天一次或多次(即,1至大约10、1至8、1至6、1至4或1至2)、或需要引起应答的次数。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物包括分散或悬浮在EPA中的一种或多种心血管剂,其中分散剂或悬浮剂在胶囊(例如明胶或HPMC胶囊)、袋囊剂或如本文描述其它剂型或载体中存在。在另一个实施方式中,分散剂或悬浮剂是基本均一的。在还另一个实施方式中,当期望共同给药两个或更多个剂量单位时,EPA是以第一剂量单位存在,例如,胶囊中的悬浮剂,而心血管剂以第二剂量单位存在,例如片剂。任选地,任何期望的另外的心血管剂可以以第三组合物存在。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物(一种或多种)可以以液体剂型或剂量单位的形式被直接吸收或它们可以在摄取之前与食物或饮料混合。合适的液体剂型的非限制性实例包括溶液剂、悬浮剂、酏剂、糖浆、液体气溶胶制剂等等。
在一个实施方式中,当在密闭容器中、维持在室温或冷藏(例如,大约5至大约5-10℃)温度、或冷冻大约1、2、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、10、11、或12月贮存时,本发明的组合物显示至少大约90%、至少约95%、至少约97.5%、或至少大约99%的最初在其中存在的活性成分(一种或多种)。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供封装在胶囊壳中的包括EPA和心血管剂(填充物)的药物组合物,所述填充物具有不大于以下的基线过氧化值:大约10Meq/kg、大约9Meq/kg、大约8Meq/kg、大约7Meq/kg、大约6Meq/kg、大约5Meq/kg、大约4Meq/kg、大约3Meq/kg或大约2Meq/kg,其中当组合物在23℃和50%RH贮存以下时间段时:大约1、大约2、大约3、大约4、大约5、大约6、大约7、大约8、大约9、大约10、大约11、大约12、大约13、大约14、大约15、大约16、大约17、大约18、大约19、大约20、大约21、大约22、大约23或大约24时,超纯的EPA具有不大于以下的第二过氧化值:大约25Meq/kg、大约24Meq/kg、大约23Meq/kg、大约22Meq/kg、大约21Meq/kg、大约20Meq/kg、大约19Meq/kg、大约18Meq/kg、大约17Meq/kg、大约16Meq/kg、大约15Meq/kg、大约14Meq/kg、大约13Meq/kg、大约12Meq/kg、大约11Meq/kg、大约10Meq/kg、大约9Meq/kg、大约8Meq/kg、大约7Meq/kg、大约6Meq/kg、大约5Meq/kg、大约4Meq/kg、大约3Meq/kg或大约2Meq/kg。
当贮存时,一些药物组合物随着时间降解。降解产物可以改变组合物的功效,例如递送小于所推荐的活性成分到对象。在一定阈值之上的新药的降解产物应该根据当前指导性文件向食品与药品监督管理局(FDA)报告。在一定阈值之上的降解产物应该被鉴定。当其结构特征已经获得时,降解产物被“鉴定”。在一定量之上的降解产物应该被证明合格。当获得和评估了其生物安全性时,降解产物被“证明合格”。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量小于或等于1克的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.1%的没有报告给食品与药品监督管理局(FDA)的任何降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量大于1克的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.05%的没有报告FDA的任何降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量小于1mg的本发明的组合物包含小于大约1%的任何未鉴定的降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量小于1mg的本发明的组合物包含小于大约5μg的任何未鉴定的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量1mg至10mg的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.5%的任何未鉴定的降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量1mg至10mg的的本发明的组合物包含小于大约20μg的任何未鉴定的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量10mg至2g的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.2%的任何未鉴定的降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量10mg至2g的的本发明的组合物包含小于大约2mg的任何未鉴定的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量大于2g的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.1%的任何未鉴定的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量小于10mg的本发明的组合物包含小于大约1%的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量小于10mg的的本发明的组合物包含小于大约50μg的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量10mg至100mg的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.5%的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量10mg至100mg的的本发明的组合物包含小于大约200μg的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量100mg至2g的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.2%的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。在另一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量100mg至2g的的本发明的组合物包含小于大约3mg的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。
在一个实施方式中,当在光、热、潮湿、酸/碱水解和/或氧化条件下贮存时,每天最大剂量大于2g的本发明的组合物包含小于大约0.15%的任何未被证明合格的降解产物。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的组合物包括在贮存期间抑制、阻止、阻碍或其它方式减弱活性成分(一种或多种)的分解的稳定剂。例如,本发明的组合物中的EPA的氧化分解可以通过抗氧化剂的存在被阻止或减弱。合适的抗氧剂的非限制性实例包括生育酚、卵磷脂、柠檬酸和/或抗坏血酸。如果需要,一种或多种抗氧化剂在本发明的组合物中以以下的量存在:按重量计大约0.01%至大约0.1%、或按重量计大约0.025%至大约0.05%。
赋形剂
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种药学上可接受的赋形剂。在本文术语“药学上可接受的赋形剂”指被用作为递送治疗剂到对象或加入到药物组合物中以提高其加工或贮存性质、或以允许组合物的剂量单位的制剂的载体或媒介物、而不是治疗剂自身,其不产生不可接受的毒性或者与组合物中的其它成分的相互作用。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种药学上可接受的稀释剂作为赋形剂。合适的稀释剂说明性地、单独或组合地包括:乳糖——包括无水乳糖和乳糖一水合物;淀粉类——包括直接可压缩淀粉和水解的淀粉(例如,CelutabTM和EmdexTM);甘露糖醇;山梨糖醇;木糖醇;右旋糖(例如,CereloseTM2000)和右旋糖一水合物;二水合磷酸氢钙;蔗糖基稀释剂;精制细砂糖;磷酸二氢钙一水合物;硫酸钙二水合物;颗粒状乳酸钙三水合物;葡萄糖结合剂;肌醇;谷物水解固形物;直链淀粉;纤维素——包括微晶纤维素、α-和无定形纤维素的食品级源的(例如RexcelTM)和粉末状纤维素;碳酸钙;甘氨酸;膨润土;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮等等。如果存在,这些稀释剂总地占组合物的总重量的大约5%至大约99%、大约10%至大约85%、或大约20%至大约80%。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种药学上可接受的崩解剂作为赋形剂。合适的崩解剂单独地或组合地包括:淀粉——包括羟基乙酸淀粉钠(例如PenWest的ExplotabTM)和预糊化玉米淀粉(例如NationalTM1551、NationalTM1550、和ColocornTM1500),粘土(例如,VeegumTMHV),纤维素诸如精制纤维素、微晶纤维素、甲基纤维素、羧甲基纤维素和羧甲基纤维素钠,交联羧甲基纤维素钠(例如,FMC的Ac-Di-SolTM),藻酸盐,交联聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,和树胶诸如琼脂、瓜尔胶、黄原胶、刺槐豆胶、刺梧桐树胶、果胶和黄蓍胶。如果存在,这些崩解剂总地占组合物的总重量的大约0.2%至大约30%、大约0.2%至大约10%、或大约0.2%至大约5%。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种抗氧化剂。说明性的抗氧化剂包括抗坏血酸钠和维生素E(生育酚)。如果存在,这些抗氧化剂在本发明的组合物中典型地以以下的量:按重量计大约0.001%至大约5%、大约0.005%至大约2.5%、或大约0.01%至大约1%。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种药学上可接受的接合剂或粘合剂作为赋形剂。这些接合剂和粘合剂可以赋予足够的粘结力给被制成片剂的粉末,以允许正常的加工操作诸如定型、润滑、压缩和包装,但是当摄取时仍然允许片剂崩解和组合物被吸收。合适的接合剂和粘合剂单独或组合地包括:阿拉伯胶;黄蓍胶;蔗糖;明胶;葡萄糖;淀粉,诸如但不限于预糊化的淀粉(例如,NationalTM1511和NationalTM1500);纤维素,诸如但不限于甲基纤维素和和羧甲纤维素钠(例如,TyloseTM);藻酸和藻酸盐;硅酸镁铝;PEG;瓜尔胶;多糖酸;膨润土;聚乙烯吡咯烷酮,例如聚乙烯吡咯烷酮K-15、K-30和K-29/32;聚甲基丙烯酸酯类;HPMC;羟基丙基纤维素(例如KlucelTM);和乙基纤维素(例如EthocelTM)。如果存在,这些接合剂和/或粘合剂总地占组合物的总重量的大约0.5%至大约25%、大约0.75%至大约15%、或大约1%至大约10%。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种药学上可接受的润湿剂作为赋形剂。本发明的组合物中可以用作为润湿剂的表面活性剂的非限制性实例包括:季铵化合物,例如苯扎氯铵、苄索氯铵和西吡氯铵,磺琥辛酯钠,聚氧乙烯烷基苯基醚例如壬苯聚醇9、壬苯聚醇10和辛苯聚醇9,泊洛沙姆(聚氧乙烯和聚氧丙烯嵌段共聚物),聚氧乙烯脂肪酸甘油酯和油类,例如聚氧乙烯(8)辛酸/癸酸单-核二甘油酯类(例如,Gattefossé的LabrasolTMof)、聚氧乙烯(35)蓖麻油和聚氧乙烯(40)氢化蓖麻油;聚氧乙烯烷基醚,例如聚氧乙烯(20)十六十八基醚,聚氧乙烯脂肪酸酯,例如聚氧乙烯(40)硬脂酸酯、聚氧乙烯脱水山梨糖醇,例如聚山梨酯20和聚山梨酯80(例如,ICI的TweenTM80I),丙二醇脂肪酸酯,例如丙二醇月桂酸酯(例如,Gattefossé的LauroglycolTM),月桂硫酸钠、脂肪酸及其盐,例如油酸、油酸钠和三乙醇胺油酸酯,甘油脂肪酸酯,例如单硬脂酸甘油酯,脱水山梨糖醇酯,例如脱水山梨糖醇单月桂酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单油酸酯、脱水山梨糖醇单棕酸酯和脱水山梨糖醇单硬脂酸酯,泰洛沙泊,及其混合物。如果存在,这些润滑剂总地占组合物总的重量的大约0.25%至大约15%、大约0.4%至大约10%、或大约0.5%至大约5%。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种药学上可接受的润滑剂(包括抗粘剂和/或助流剂)作为赋形剂。合适的润滑剂单独地或组合地包括:甘油基山嵛酸酯(behapate)(例如,CompritolTM888);硬脂酸及其盐,包括镁盐(硬脂酸镁)、硬脂酸钙和硬脂酸钠;氢化植物油(例如,SterotexTM);胶体二氧化硅;滑石粉;蜡类;硼酸;苯甲酸钠;乙酸钠;富马酸钠;氯化钠;DL-亮氨酸;PEG(例如,CarbowaxTM4000和CarbowaxTM6000);油酸钠;月桂硫酸钠;以及月桂硫酸镁。如果存在,这些润滑剂总的占组合物的总的重量的大约0.1%至大约10%、大约0.2%至大约8%、或大约0.25%至大约5%。
合适的抗粘剂包括滑石粉、玉米淀粉、DL-亮氨酸、月桂硫酸钠和硬脂酸金属盐。滑石粉是抗粘剂活助流剂,用于例如减小制剂粘附于设备表面,并且还减小混合时的静电。如果存在,滑石粉占组合物总的重量的大约0.1%至大约10%、大约0.25%至大约5%、或大约0.5%至大约2%。助流剂可用于促进固体制剂的粉末流动。适宜的助流剂包括胶体二氧化硅、淀粉、滑石粉、磷酸三钙、粉状纤维素和三硅酸镁。
本发明的组合物任选地包括一种或多种矫味剂、甜味剂和/或着色剂。在本发明中有用的矫味剂非限制性地包:阿拉伯胶浆、阿利坦、茴香、苹果、阿司帕坦、香蕉、Bavarian乳膏、浆果、黑加仑、黄油、黄油胡桃、黄油硬糖、枸橼酸钙、樟脑、焦糖、樱桃、樱桃乳膏、巧克力、肉桂、柑橘、柑橘混合饮料、柑橘乳膏、可可、咖啡、可乐、冷樱桃、冷柑橘、环己氨磺酸、cylamate、右旋糖、桉树、丁香油酚、果糖、水果饮料、姜、甘草次酸盐(酯)、甘草(甘草浸膏)糖浆、葡萄、葡萄柚、蜂蜜、异麦芽糖、柠檬、酸橙、柠檬乳膏、落叶松皮素、甘露糖醇、槭树、薄荷醇、薄荷、薄荷乳膏、混合的浆果、坚果、橙、花生黄油、梨、胡椒薄荷、胡椒薄荷乳膏粉、山莓、根啤、罗姆酒、糖精、黄樟油精、山梨糖醇、绿薄荷、绿薄荷乳膏、草莓、草莓乳膏、甜菊(stevia)、三氯半乳糖、蔗糖、瑞士乳膏、塔格糖、红橘、祝马丁、tutti fruitti、香草、胡桃、西瓜、野樱桃、冬青油、木糖醇、和其组合,例如,茴香-薄荷醇、樱桃-茴香、肉桂-橙、樱桃-肉桂、巧克力-薄荷、蜂蜜-柠檬、柠檬-酸橙、柠檬-薄荷、薄荷醇-桉树、橙-乳膏、香草-薄荷等等。
可以在本发明中使用的甜味剂包括,例如,乙酰舒泛钾(乙酰舒泛K)、阿利坦、阿司帕坦、环己氨磺酸盐、cylamate、右旋糖、异麦芽糖、甘露糖醇、新橙皮苷DC、neotame、粉、糖精、山梨糖醇、甜菊、三氯半乳蔗糖、蔗糖、塔格糖、竹、木糖醇等等。
矫味剂、甜味剂和/或着色剂可以在本发明的组合物中以任何合适的量存在,例如按重量计大约0.01%至大约10%、大约0.1%至大约8%、或大约1%至大约5%。
本发明的组合物任选地包括悬浮剂。合适的悬浮剂的非限制性说明性实例包括二氧化硅、膨润土、水合硅酸铝(例如高岭土)和其混合物。一种或多种悬浮剂任选地按以下重量的总量在本发明的组合物中存在:大约0.01%至大约3.0%、大约0.1%至大约2.0%、或大约0.25%至大约1.0%。
如本领域已知,前述赋形剂可具有多种作用。例如,淀粉可以作为填充剂和崩解剂。以上赋形剂的分类不应该以任何方式解释为限制性的。如本领域技术人员将容易意识到,以任何方式分类的赋形剂也可以在各种不同的赋形剂的类别下工作。
治疗方法
在各种实施方式中,本发明的组合物对于治疗和/或预防心血管相关的疾病是有用的。在本文术语“心血管相关的疾病”指心脏或血管(即,动脉和静脉)的任何疾病或病症或其任何症状、或引起或促进心血管疾病的任何疾病或状况。心血管相关的疾病的非限制性实例包括:急性心肌缺血事件,急性心肌梗死,绞痛,心绞痛,心律失常,房颤(atrialfibrillation),动脉硬化症,动脉纤维性颤动(arterial fibrillation),心功能不全,心血管疾病,慢性心力衰竭,慢性稳定型心绞痛,充血性心脏衰竭,冠状动脉性疾病,冠心病,深静脉血栓,糖尿病,糖尿病(diabetes mellitus),糖尿病神经病变,糖尿病患者中的舒张功能不全,水肿,原发性高血压,最终肺部栓塞,脂肪肝疾病,心脏疾病,心力衰竭,纯合性家族高胆固醇血症(HoFH),纯合性家族谷固醇血症,高胆固醇血症,高脂血症,在艾滋病毒阳性对象中高脂血症,高血压,高甘油三酯血症,在不稳定心绞痛和心肌梗死中缺血性并发症,低血压,代谢综合征,混合性血脂异常,中度至轻度心力衰竭,心肌梗死,肥胖管理(obesity management),阵发性心房颤动/房颤/fibrulation/扑动,阵发性室上性心动过速(PSVT),特别严重或快速病发作水肿,血小板聚集,原发性高胆固醇血症,原发性高脂血症,肺动脉高压,肺部高血压,复发性血液动力学不稳定的室性心动过速(VT),复发性的心室心律失常,复发性心室颤动(VF),破裂性动脉瘤,谷固醇血症,中风,室上性心动过速,症状性房颤/扑动,心动过速,Ⅱ型糖尿病,血管疾病,静脉血栓栓塞,心室心律失常,以及其它心血管事件。
关于特定疾病或病症的术语“治疗”包括但不限于:抑制疾病或病症,例如,阻止疾病或病症的进展;缓解疾病或病症,例如,引起疾病或病症的消退;或者缓解由疾病或病症引起或产生于疾病或病症的状况,例如,缓解、预防或治疗疾病或病症的症状。关于特定疾病或病症的术语“预防”指:如果没有出现,预防疾病进展的疾病发作,预防疾病或病症在可能易患病症或疾病、但是还没有诊断为具有病症或疾病的对象中出现,和/或如果已经存在,预防疾病/病症的进一步进展。
在一些实施方式中,本发明的组合物可以与一种或多种另外的心血管剂一起共同给药或伴随给药。术语“共同给药”、“伴随给药”和“伴随地给药”在本文中可替换地使用,并且每个例如指在同时、在相同剂量单位、一个紧接着一个、彼此在五分钟内、彼此在十分钟内、彼此在一个小时内、彼此在两个小时内、彼此在四个小时内、彼此在六个小时内、彼此在十二个小时内、彼此在一天内、彼此在一周内、彼此在两周内、彼此在一个月内、彼此在两个月内、彼此在六个月内、彼此在一年内等等给与两个或更多个作用剂(例如,EPA或其衍生物以及心血管剂)。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供治疗心血管相关疾病的方法,包括给与需要其的对象含有EPA和一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一个或多个组合物,其中一个或多个脂类参数与通过单独治疗的作用得到的脂类参数相比改善。
在相关的实施方式中,当根据本发明治疗时,例如在以下的时间段中:大约1至大约200周大约1至大约100周、大约1至大约80周、大约1至大约50周、大约1至大约40周、大约1至大约20周、大约1至大约15周、大约1至大约12周、大约1至大约10周、大约1至大约5周、大约1至大约2周或大约1中,对象或对象组显示显示一个或多个以下的结果:
(a)与基线或安慰剂组相比,降低的甘油三酯水平;
(b)与基线或安慰剂组相比,降低的Apo B水平;
(c)与基线或安慰剂组相比,增加的HDL-C水平;
(d)与基线或安慰剂组相比,LDL-C水平没有增加;
(e)与基线或安慰剂组相比,LDL-C水平降低;
(f)与基线或安慰剂组相比,非-HDL-C水平降低;
(g)与基线或安慰剂组相比,vLDL水平降低;
(h)与基线或安慰剂组相比,apo A-I水平增加;
(i)与基线或安慰剂组相比,apo A-I/apo B比增加;
(j)与基线或安慰剂组相比,脂蛋白A水平降低;
(k)与基线或安慰剂组相比,LDL颗粒数量增加;
(l)与基线或安慰剂组相比,LDL大小减小;
(m)与基线或安慰剂组相比,残粒样微粒胆固醇减少;
(n)与基线或安慰剂组相比,氧化的LDL减少;
(o)与基线或安慰剂组相比,空腹血糖(FPG)没有变化或降低;
(p)与基线或安慰剂组相比,血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)降低;
(q)与基线或安慰剂组相比,稳态型胰岛素抵抗指数(homeostasis modelinsulin resistance)降低;
(r)与基线或安慰剂组相比,脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2减少;
(s)与基线或安慰剂组相比,胞间黏附分子-1减少;
(t)与基线或安慰剂组相比,白细胞介素-6减少;
(u)与基线或安慰剂组相比,纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1减少;
(v)与基线或安慰剂组相比,高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)减少;
(w)与基线或安慰剂组相比,血清磷脂EPA增加;
(x)与基线或安慰剂组相比,红细胞膜EPA增加;和/或
(y)与基线或安慰剂组相比,二十二碳六烯酸(DHA)、二十碳二碳五烯酸(DPA)、花生四烯酸(AA)、棕榈酸(PA)、硬脂四烯酸(SA)或油酸(OA)的一种或多种磷脂和/或血红细胞含量的减少或增加。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括:给对象或对象组服药之前,测量以上(a)–(y)说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平。在另一个实施方式中,所述方法包括:在(a)–(y)说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平测定后,给与如本文所公开的组合物到对象,和随后进行所述一个或多个标记物的另外的测量。
在另一个实施方式中,当用本发明的组合物处理时,例如在以下的时间段中:大约1至大约200周、大约1至大约100周、大约1至大约80周、大约1至大约50周、大约1至大约40周、大约1至大约20周、大约1至大约15周、大约1至大约12周、大约1至大约10周、大约1至大约5周、大约1至大约2周或大约1周,对象或对象组显示显示紧接以上描述(a)–(y)的结果:任何2或更多个、任何3或更多个、任何4或更多个、任何5或更多个、任何6或更多个、任何7或更多个、任何8或更多个、任何9或更多个、任何10或更多个、任何11或更多个、任何12或更多个、任何13或更多个、任何14或更多个、任何15或更多个、任何16或更多个、任何17或更多个、任何18或更多个、任何19或更多个、任何20或更多个、任何21或更多个、任何22或更多个、任何23或更多个、任何24或更多个、或所有25个。
在另一个实施方式中,当用本发明的组合物处理时,例如在以下的时间段中:大约1至大约200周、大约1至大约100周、大约1至大约80周、大约1至大约50周、大约1至大约40周、大约1至大约20周、大约1至大约15周、大约1至大约10周、大约1至大约5周、大约1至大约2周或大约1周,对象或对象组显示一个或多个以下的结果:
(a)与基线或安慰剂组相比,甘油三酯水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%、或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(b)与基线或安慰剂组相比,非-HDL-C水平小于30%增加、小于20%增加、小于10%增加、小于5%增加或没有增加,或者非-HDL-C水平减少至少约1%、至少约3%、至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(c)与基线或安慰剂组相比,HDL-C水平没有变化或HDL-C水平增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(d)与基线或安慰剂组相比,LDL-C水平小于60%增加、小于50%增加、小于40%增加、小于30%增加、小于20%增加、小于15%增加,或LDL-C水平没有增加,或LDL-C水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(e)与基线或安慰剂组相比,Apo B水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(f)与基线或安慰剂组相比,vLDL水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值变化);
(g)与基线或安慰剂组相比,apo A-I水平增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(h)与基线或安慰剂组相比,apo A-I/apo B比增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(i)与基线或安慰剂组相比,脂蛋白(a)水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(j)与基线或安慰剂组相比,平均LDL颗粒数量减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(k)与基线或安慰剂组相比,平均LDL颗粒尺寸增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(l)与基线或安慰剂组相比,残粒样颗粒胆固醇减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(m)与基线或安慰剂组相比,氧化的LDL减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(n)与基线或安慰剂组相比,空腹血糖(FPG)基本没有变化、没有变化或减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(o)与基线或安慰剂组相比,血红蛋白A1c(HbA1c)基本没有变化、没有变化或减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、或至少约50%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(p)与基线或安慰剂组相比,稳态型胰岛素抵抗指数减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(q)与基线或安慰剂组相比,脂蛋白相关磷脂酶A2减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(r)与基线或安慰剂组相比,胞间黏附分子-1减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(s)与基线或安慰剂组相比,白细胞介素-6减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(t)与基线或安慰剂组相比,纤维蛋白溶酶原激活剂抑制剂-1减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(u)与基线或安慰剂组相比,高敏C-反应蛋白(hsCRP)减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约100%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(v)与基线或安慰剂组相比,血清血浆和/或RBC EPA增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约100%、至少约200%or至少约400%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(w)与基线或安慰剂组相比,血清磷脂和/或血红细胞膜EPA增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约100%、至少约200%、或至少约400%(实际%变化或中值%变化);
(x)一种或多种血清磷脂和/或血红细胞DHA、DPA、AA、PA和/或OA减少或增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化);和/或
(y)与基线或安慰剂组相比,总胆固醇减小至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、至少约55%或至少约75%(实际%变化或中值%变化)。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括:给对象或对象组服药之前,测量(a)–(y)中说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平。在另一个实施方式中,所述方法包括:在(a)–(y)中说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平测定后,给与如本文所公开的组合物到对象,和随后进行所述一个或多个标记物的第二测量,其用于与在基线测量比较。
在另一个实施方式中,当用本发明的组合物处理时,例如在以下的时间段中:大约1至大约200周、大约1至大约100周、大约1至大约80周、大约1至大约50周、大约1至大约40周、大约1至大约20周、大约1至大约15周、大约1至大约12周、大约1至大约10周、大约1至大约5周、大约1至大约2周或大约1周,对象或对象组显示紧接以上描述的(a)–(y)结果:任何2或更多个、任何3或更多个、任何4或更多个、任何5或更多个、任何6或更多个、任何7或更多个、任何8或更多个、任何9或更多个、任何10或更多个、任何11或更多个、任何12或更多个、任何13或更多个、任何14或更多个、任何15或更多个、任何16或更多个、任何17或更多个、任何18或更多个、任何19或更多个、任何20或更多个、任何21或更多个、任何22或更多个、任何23或更多个、任何24或更多个、或所有25个。
参数(a)–(y)可以根据临床可接受的方法测量。例如,甘油三酯、总胆固醇、HDL-C和空腹血糖可以从血清取样和使用标准的光度学技术进行分析。VLDL-TG、LDL-C和VLDL-C可以使用血清脂蛋白部份通过制备超离心以及通过折射法或通过分析超离心方法进行计算或测定。Apo A1、Apo B和hsCRP可以使用标准浊度法技术由血清测定。脂蛋白(a)可以使用标准比浊免疫测定技术由血清测定。LDL颗粒数量和颗粒大小可以使用核磁共振(NMR)光谱测定法测定。残余脂蛋白和LDL-磷脂酶A2可以使用酶免疫分离技术由EDTA血浆或血清以及血清分别测定。氧化的LDL、细胞间黏附分子-1和白细胞介素-2水平可以使用标准酶免疫测定技术由血清测定。这些技术在标准的教科书中更详细地描述,例如TietzFundamentals of Clinical Chemistry,第6版.(Burtis,Ashwood and Borter Eds.),WBSaunders Company.
在相关的实施方式中,以上参数(a)–(y)的减少或增加是有统计意义的。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供血脂治疗的方法,包括:给与需要其的对象一个至多个包括如本文公开的一种或多种组合物的剂量单位。在另一个实施方式中,被治疗的对象具有基线甘油三酯水平,在用本发明的组合物治疗之前,大于或等于大约150mg/dl、大于或等于大约175mg/dl、大于或等于大约250mg/dl、或大于或等于大约500mg/dl、例如大约200mg/dl至大约2000mg/dl、大约300至大约1800mg/dl、或大约500mg/dl至大约1500mg/dl。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括:给对象或对象组服药之前,测量(a)–(y)中说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平。在另一个实施方式中,所述方法包括:在(a)–(y)中说明的一个或多个标记物的基线水平测定后,给与如本文所公开的组合物到对象,和随后进行所述一个或多个标记物的第二测量,其用于与在基线测量比较。
在一个实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其的对象中治疗或预防原发性高胆固醇血症和/或混合性血脂异常(弗雷德里克森性IIa和IIb)的方法,包括给与对象一种或多种组合物,所述组合物包括EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外的心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)。在相关的实施方式中,当用他汀类药物或烟酸缓释单药治疗被认为是不足的时候(Frederickson型IV高脂血症,本发明提供降低一个或多个对象中甘油三酯水平的方法。当例如对象的非-HDL-C水平不是较低的或者不是低于期望的程度时,他汀类药物或烟酸缓释单药治疗被认为不足的,对象的LDL-C水平没有提高或者没有提高到期望的程度,对象的HDL-C水平没有提高或者没有提高到期望的程度,和/或对象的甘油三酯水平没有提高或者没有提高到期望的程度。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供治疗或预防非致命性的心肌梗死的方法,包括:给与对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在具有心肌梗死病史的对象中治疗或预防复发性非致命性的心肌梗死的风险的方法,包括:给与对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明在需要其的对象中提供减缓动脉粥样硬化性疾病进展或促进其消退的方法,包括:给与对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其对象中治疗肥胖的方法,包括给与需要其的对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在需要其对象中治疗或预防非常高的血清甘油三酯水平(例如IV和V型高脂血症)的方法,包括:给与对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供治疗具有非常高的血清甘油三酯水平(例如大于1000mg/dl或大于2000mg/dl)和处于患胰腺炎风险的对象的方法,包括:给与对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供预防中风复发的方法,包括:给与具有中风病史的患者含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在心血管血管形成术后、已经脱离不稳定期的患者中预防心血管事件的发作和/或复发的方法,包括给与对象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供在对象组中降低Apo-B和非-HDL胆固醇水平以及降低对象组的Apo-B和非-HDL-胆固醇的方法,所述对象组具有至少100mg/dl的基线LDL-胆固醇水平、至少130mg/dl的基线非-HDL-胆固醇水平和至少200mg/dl的基线甘油三酯水平,所述方法包括给与对象组的成员象含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供减低对象组中Apo-B水平的方法,包括:测量对象中LDL-胆固醇、非-HDL-胆固醇、核甘油三酯水平,提供具有至少100mg/dl的基线LDL-胆固醇水平、至少130mg/dl的基线非-HDL-胆固醇水平和至少200mg/dl的基线甘油三酯水平的对象组,和通过给与对象组的成员含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物,与对照治疗相比,所述组合物量有效地以统计学意义量地降低对象组的Apo-B水平,其中LDL-胆固醇水平的增加或统计学意义增加被避免。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供降低对象组中Apo-B水平的方法,包括:提供具有至少100mg/dl的基线LDL-胆固醇水平、至少130mg/dl的基线非-HDL- 胆固醇水平和至少200mg/dl的基线甘油三酯水平的对象组,通过给与对象组的成员含有EPA和如本文公开的一种或多种另外心血管剂(作为单个剂量单位或作为多个剂量单位)的一种或多种组合物,减低对象组的Apo-B水平,与对照治疗相比,所述组合物量有效地以统计学意义量地降低对象组的Apo-B水平,以及测定对象组中的Apo-B水平的减少。
在一个实施方式中,本发明的组合物以足以提供以下每天的EPA剂量给与到对象:大约1mg至大约10、000mg、25大约5000mg、大约50至大约3000mg、大约75mg至大约2500mg、或大约100mg至大约1000mg、例如大约75mg、大约100mg、大约125mg、大约150mg、大约175mg、大约200mg、大约225mg、大约250mg、大约275mg、大约300mg、大约325mg、大约350mg、大约375mg、大约400mg、大约425mg、大约450mg、大约475mg、大约500mg、大约525mg、大约550mg、大约575mg、大约600mg、大约625mg、大约650mg、大约675mg、大约700mg、大约725mg、大约750mg、大约775mg、大约800mg、大约825mg、大约850mg、大约875mg、大约900mg、大约925mg、大约950mg、大约975mg、大约1000mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1100mg、大约1025mg、大约1050mg、大约1075mg、大约1200mg、大约1225mg、大约1250mg、大约1275mg、大约1300mg、大约1325mg、大约1350mg、大约1375mg、大约1400mg、大约1425mg、大约1450mg、大约1475mg、大约1500mg、大约1525mg、大约1550mg、大约1575mg、大约1600mg、大约1625mg、大约1650mg、大约1675mg、大约1700mg、大约1725mg、大约1750mg、大约1775mg、大约1800mg、大约1825mg、大约1850mg、大约1875mg、大约1900mg、大约1925mg、大约1950mg、大约1975mg、大约2000mg、大约2025mg、大约2050mg、大约2075mg、大约2100mg、大约2125mg、大约2150mg、大约2175mg、大约2200mg、大约2225mg、大约2250mg、大约2275mg、大约2300mg、大约2325mg、大约2350mg、大约2375mg、大约2400mg、大约2425mg、大约2450mg、大约2475mg、或大约2500mg。
在本文描述的本发明的各个实施方式中,EPA和任选的一种或多种另外的心血管剂可以作为共同制剂的单个剂量单位或者作为单独的剂量单位给与。当EPA和任选的一种或多种另外的心血管剂作为分开地剂量单位共同给药时,每个剂量单位可以在基本相同或基本不同时间给与到对象。在一个实施方式中,当两个或更多个单独的剂量单位每天给与时,每个剂量单位在大约24小时、18小时、12小时、10小时、8小时、6小时、4小时、2小时、1小时、或0.5小时的时间段内给与对象。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA和一种或多种任选的心血管剂可以顺序地给与。例如,EPA可以在EPA负荷期期间作为单独的作用剂给与到对象。负荷期例如可以是1天、2天、4天、6天、2周、3周、4周、5周、6周、7周、8周、9周或10周。在任何这种负荷期后,一种或多种心血管剂可以与当前的EPA给与一起引进或者替代EPA治疗。
在另一个实施方式中,EPA在上午给与对象,例如从大约4am至大约10am、大约5am至大约9am、或大约6am至大约8am,而任选的一种或多种心血管剂在下午或夜晚给与对象,例如从大约1pm至大约11pm、大约2pm至大约10pm、或大约3pm至大约9pm,或者反之亦然。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供提供EPA和一种或多种心血管剂在制造治疗或预防心血管相关疾病的药物中的应用,所述疾病例如高甘油三酯血症、高胆固醇血症、混合性血脂异常、冠心病、血管疾病、中风、动脉硬化症、心律失常、高血压、心肌梗死、和其它心血管事件。在一个实施方式中,该组合物包含不多于10%DHA,如果有。在另一个实施方式中,组合物基本上不包含DHA或没有DHA。
在另一个实施方式中,本发明提供用于治疗和/或预防心血管相关疾病的含有EPA和一种或多种心血管剂的药物组合物,其中所述组合物包含不不多于10%DHA,如果有。在相关的实施方式中,所述组合物基本上不包含DHA或没有DHA。
在一个实施方式中,用本文说明的组合物或方案治疗的对象是糖尿病或前糖尿病的对象。
在一个实施方式中,在本文公开的任一的方法在治疗或预防一个或多个消费传统西方饮食的对象中使用。在一个实施方式中,本发明的方法包括以下步骤:识别作为西方饮食消费者或审慎的饮食消费者的对象,然后如果对象被认为是消费西方饮食,那么治疗对象。在本文术语“西方饮食”一般指由以下组成的典型的饮食:按总卡路里的百分比,大约45%至大约50%碳水化合物、大约35至大约40%脂肪、和大约10%至大约15%蛋白质。西方饮食可以还可以以以下进行表征:相对高的红色和加工肉、糖果、细粮和甜点的摄取,例如当一半或更多、或70%或更多的卡路里来自这些来源。
应该理解,以上描述的实施方式的非常宽范围的改变和修改对于本领域技术人员将是明显的,并且被考虑。因此,意欲前述的详细描述应该被看作为说明性的而不是限制性的,并且应该理解是以下的权利要求-包括所有等同物意欲限定本发明的精神和范围。
应该理解本文描述的目前优选地实施方式的各种改变和修改对于本领域技术人员将是明显的。在不偏离本主题的精神和范围以及没有减少其意欲的优点,可以做出这些改变和修改。因此意欲这些修改和改变被附加权利要求所涵盖。
实施例
以下非限制性实施例是仅用于说明的目的,而不应该解释为以任何方式限制本发明。
实施例1
进行试验以在富集PUFAs和胆固醇的模型膜中测试与阿托伐他汀在一起或不与其在一起的EPA、DHA、EPA+DHA,所述富集PUFAs和胆固醇的水平再生疾病或者高CV-风险状况(即,高胆固醇血症)。如以下示出,EPA显示在胆固醇富集的膜中显示有效的抗氧化益处,其优于用DHA所观察到的。而且,与单独的EPA相比,EPA和阿托伐他汀的组合提供更进一步的抗氧化益处。
EPA和DHA在10.0μM或组合地在5.65μM和4.35μM(分别是EPA和DHA)——其摩尔比是1.3:1——的固定的浓度单独地进行测试。这些作用剂在脂质过氧化物(LOOH)形成上的分开和组合的作用在0.5:1、1.0:1和1.5:1的胆固醇与磷脂(C/P)摩尔比上进行检验。在阿托伐他汀存在或不存在下制备的胆固醇富集的膜上也测量EPA、DPH和EPA/DPH的脂质过氧化物的水平。
1,2-二亚油酸基(Dilinoleoyl)-3-sn-磷脂酰胆碱(DLPC)从Avanti极性脂(Alabaster,AL)得到和在氯仿中–80℃贮存(25mg/ml)直到使用。胆固醇得到和在氯仿中–20℃贮存。CHOD-碘化物显色剂(原液)根据El-Saadani等人(El-Saadani M,Esterbauer H,El-Sayed M,Goher M,Nassar AY,Jurgens G.A spectrophotometric assay for lipidperoxides in serum lipoproteins using commercially available reagent.J LipidRes 1989;30:627-30)修改的步骤制备,其由0.2M K2HPO4、0.12M KI、0.15mM NaN3、10μM钼酸铵和0.1g/L苯扎氯铵组成。在试验使用之前,CHOD试剂通过加入24μM乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)、20μM丁基羟基甲苯(BHT)和0.2%Triton X-100进行活化。在试验使用之前,阿托伐他汀在乙醇中制备,且与含有固定量的EPA、DPH或EPA/DPH脂质成分以等摩尔水平一起加入。在膜样品制备期间化合物和脂质组合地加入,以实现完全的并入脂质双层中。
由0.5至1.5范围的胆固醇与磷脂(C/P)摩尔比的DLPC±胆固醇组成的膜样品如下进行制备。脂质成分(氯仿中)转移至13×100mm试管,且在稳定的氮气流下外壳干燥、同时涡旋混合。脂质与存在或不存在等摩尔水平的阿托伐他汀制备的EPA、DPH或EPA/DPH共同干燥。
残留溶剂通过在真空下干燥至少3h去除。在干燥后,每个膜样品在衍射缓冲液(0.5mM HEPES、154mM NaCl、pH 7.3)中重新悬浮,以产生1.0mg/ml的最终磷脂浓度。多复层脂质体(MLV)通过在环境温度涡旋混合3分钟形成。Bangham AD,Standish MM,WatkinsJC.Diffusion of univalent ions across the lamellae of swollen phospholipids.JMol Biol 1965;13:238-52。在最初MLV制备紧接之后,每个膜样品的等分部分将进行基线(0h)过氧化反应分析。
所有脂质膜样品通过在揭开盖子、摇动水浴中37℃温育进行时间依赖自然氧化。每个样品的小的等分部分在24h间隔去除,然后与1.0ml的活性CHOD-碘化物显色剂结合。为了保证分光光度读数在最佳的吸收范围内,脂质氧化物形成的测量采用的样品体积调整适应于过氧化反应的长度,和范围为100和10μl之间。测试样品立即用箔覆盖和在室温无光下温育>4h。使用Beckman DU-640分光光度计在365nm以CHOD为空白测量吸光度。
CHOD比色分析基于通过脂质氢过氧化物(LOOH)的碘化物(I–)的氧化,和根据以下反应方案进行:
LOOH+2H++3I–→LOH+H2O+I3 –
该反应中释放的三碘化物阴离子(I3 –)的量与膜样品中存在的脂质氢过氧化物的量直接成比例。I3 –摩尔吸光率值(ε)在365nm是2.46×104M-1cm-1。
结果在图1–4中示出。
Claims (15)
1.用于预防对象的中风和/或心肌梗死的二十碳五烯酸乙酯(EPA乙基酯),所述对象被识别为具有血脂异常、在进行他汀类疗法并具有有约135mg/dl至约500mg/dl的空腹基线甘油三酯水平,其中每天给与所述对象约1g至约4g的EPA乙基酯。
2.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述EPA乙基酯用于给与所述对象每天1至4剂量单位。
3.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述EPA乙基酯包括至少约96wt%的给与所述对象的ω-3脂肪酸。
4.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述对象已确定心血管疾病。
5.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述对象具有形成心血管疾病的高风险。
6.根据权利要求4所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述确定的心血管疾病通过存在以下任一来确定:明确冠状动脉性疾病、明确脑血管疾病、明确颈动脉疾病、明确外周动脉疾病、或其组合。
7.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述对象的基线脂质情况在给与所述对象EPA乙基酯前测量。
8.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述对象具有以下的一种或多种:约200mg/dl至约300mg/dl的基线非-HDL-C值;约250mg/dl至约300mg/dl的基线总胆固醇值;约140mg/dl至约200mg/dl的基线VLDL-C值;约10至约30mg/dl的基线HDL-X值;和/或约40至约100mg/dl的基线LDL-C值。
9.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述他汀类疗法包括给与所述对象他汀和可选的依折麦布。
10.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述心脑血管事件是中风。
11.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述心脑血管事件是心肌梗死。
12.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中在以下的时间段中给与所述对象每天约2g至约4g的EPA乙基酯:约1至约200周、约1至约100周、约1至约80周、约1至约50周、约1至约40周、约1至约20周、约1至约15周、约1至约12周、约1至约10周、约1至约5周、约1至约2周或约1周。
13.根据权利要求12所述的EPA乙基酯,其中,给与EPA乙基酯后,所述对象显示一个或多个以下结果:(a)与基线相比,降低的甘油三酯水平;(b)与基线相比,降低的Apo B水平;(c)与基线相比,增加的HDL-C水平;(d)与基线相比,LDL-C水平没有增加;(e)与基线相比,LDL-C水平降低;(f)与基线相比,非-HDL-C水平降低;(g)与基线相比,vLDL水平降低;(h)与基线相比,总胆固醇水平降低;(i)与基线相比,高敏C-反应蛋白(hs-CRP)减少;和/或(j)与基线相比,高敏肌钙蛋白(hsTnT)水平降低。
14.根据权利要求12所述的EPA乙基酯,其中所述对象显示一个或多个以下结果:(a)与基线相比,甘油三酯水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约55%;(b)与基线相比,非-HDL-C水平小于30%增加、小于20%增加、小于10%增加、小于5%增加或没有增加,或者非-HDL-C水平减少至少约1%、至少约3%、至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、或至少约50%;(c)与基线相比,HDL-C水平增加至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、或至少约50%;和/或(d)与基线相比,LDL-C水平小于30%增加、小于20%增加、小于10%增加、小于5%增加或LDL-C水平没有增加,或LDL-C水平减少至少约5%、至少约10%、至少约15%、至少约20%、至少约25%、至少约30%、至少约35%、至少约40%、至少约45%、至少约50%、或至少约55%。
15.根据权利要求1所述的EPA乙基酯,其中多个对照对象被分配至对照人群,
其中,每个对照对象在稳定的他汀疗法,具有约135mg/dL至约500mg/dL的空腹基线甘油三酯,并且已确定心血管疾病或形成心血管疾病的高风险,以及
其中,所述对照对象没有给与包括约1g至约4g的EPA乙基酯每天的药物组合物。
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