WO2024116577A1 - 感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び感放射線性酸発生剤 - Google Patents
感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び感放射線性酸発生剤 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024116577A1 WO2024116577A1 PCT/JP2023/034717 JP2023034717W WO2024116577A1 WO 2024116577 A1 WO2024116577 A1 WO 2024116577A1 JP 2023034717 W JP2023034717 W JP 2023034717W WO 2024116577 A1 WO2024116577 A1 WO 2024116577A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/039—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists
- G03F7/0392—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition
- G03F7/0397—Macromolecular compounds which are photodegradable, e.g. positive electron resists the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified positive photoresist composition the macromolecular compound having an alicyclic moiety in a side chain
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/0045—Photosensitive materials with organic non-macromolecular light-sensitive compounds not otherwise provided for, e.g. dissolution inhibitors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/004—Photosensitive materials
- G03F7/038—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable
- G03F7/0382—Macromolecular compounds which are rendered insoluble or differentially wettable the macromolecular compound being present in a chemically amplified negative photoresist composition
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- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03F—PHOTOMECHANICAL PRODUCTION OF TEXTURED OR PATTERNED SURFACES, e.g. FOR PRINTING, FOR PROCESSING OF SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; MATERIALS THEREFOR; ORIGINALS THEREFOR; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED THEREFOR
- G03F7/00—Photomechanical, e.g. photolithographic, production of textured or patterned surfaces, e.g. printing surfaces; Materials therefor, e.g. comprising photoresists; Apparatus specially adapted therefor
- G03F7/20—Exposure; Apparatus therefor
- G03F7/2002—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image
- G03F7/2004—Exposure; Apparatus therefor with visible light or UV light, through an original having an opaque pattern on a transparent support, e.g. film printing, projection printing; by reflection of visible or UV light from an original such as a printed image characterised by the use of a particular light source, e.g. fluorescent lamps or deep UV light
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern forming method, and a radiation-sensitive acid generator.
- Photolithography technology uses a resist composition to form fine circuits in semiconductor elements.
- a coating of the resist composition is exposed to radiation through a mask pattern to generate an acid, which is then catalyzed by a reaction that creates a difference in the solubility of the resin in alkaline or organic developing solutions between exposed and unexposed areas, forming a resist pattern on a substrate.
- the above photolithography technology is promoting finer patterns by using short-wavelength radiation such as ArF excimer lasers, and also liquid immersion lithography, in which exposure is performed while the space between the lens of the exposure device and the resist film is filled with a liquid medium.
- Lithography using even shorter-wavelength radiation such as electron beams, X-rays, and EUV (extreme ultraviolet) is also being considered as a next-generation technology.
- resist compositions include the formation of high aspect ratio resist patterns with line widths and hole diameters of 100 nm or less and resist film thicknesses of 100 nm to 200 nm or more.
- resist performance equivalent to or better than conventional performance is required in terms of LWR (Line Width Roughness) performance, which indicates the variation in line width and resist pattern line width, DOF (Depth Of Focus) performance, pattern rectangularity, which indicates the rectangularity of the cross-sectional shape of the resist pattern, critical dimension uniformity (CDU), which is an index of the uniformity of line widths and hole diameters, pattern circularity, which indicates the circularity of the hole shape, etc.
- LWR Line Width Roughness
- DOF Depth Of Focus
- CDU critical dimension uniformity
- the present invention aims to provide a radiation-sensitive resin composition, a pattern formation method, and a radiation-sensitive acid generator that can form a resist film that exhibits sufficient levels of sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity even when forming a resist pattern with a high aspect ratio.
- the present invention provides An onium salt compound represented by the following formula (1) (hereinafter also referred to as “onium salt compound (1)”), A resin including a structural unit (I) represented by the following formula (2):
- the present invention relates to a radiation-sensitive resin composition comprising: (In formula (1), R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or two or three of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 taken together represent a monovalent or divalent group containing a cyclic structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded.
- R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- m1 is an integer from 0 to 8.
- Z + is a monovalent radiation-sensitive onium cation.
- R 9 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- R 10 is a monovalent group containing at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a lactone structure, a cyclic carbonate structure, and a sultone structure (hereinafter, these cyclic structures are also collectively referred to as "cyclic polar structures").
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition contains an onium salt compound (1) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator, and therefore can form a resist film that exhibits excellent sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity even when forming a resist pattern with a high aspect ratio.
- an onium salt compound (1) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator
- the anion portion of the onium salt compound (1) contains a tertiary carbon atom and an ether bond adjacent to it, so that the degree of conformational freedom is high while the diffusion length of the generated acid is appropriately controlled. This makes it possible to reduce uneven distribution of the generated acid even in a thick resist film.
- the diffusion length of the generated acid is appropriately controlled by the interaction between the resin containing a cyclic polar structure and the onium salt compound (1), and the cyclic polar structure contained in the resin improves the dissolution contrast in the developer between the exposed and unexposed areas. It is presumed that the result of these synergistic effects is that the desired resist performance can be exhibited.
- the organic group refers to a group containing at least one carbon atom.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising the steps of: a step of directly or indirectly applying the radiation-sensitive resin composition to a substrate to form a resist film; exposing the resist film to light; and developing the exposed resist film with a developer.
- the pattern formation method uses the above-mentioned radiation-sensitive resin composition, which is capable of forming a resist film that is excellent in sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity, and therefore can efficiently form a high-quality resist pattern.
- the present invention provides a method for producing a pharmaceutical composition comprising the steps of:
- the present invention relates to a radiation-sensitive acid generator comprising an onium salt compound represented by the following formula (1):
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or two or three of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 taken together represent a monovalent or divalent group containing a cyclic structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 form the above-mentioned cyclic structure, the remaining one is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group. When a plurality of R4s and R5s are present, the plurality of R4s and R5s are the same or different.
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- m1 is an integer from 0 to 8.
- Z + is a monovalent radiation-sensitive onium cation.
- the radiation-sensitive acid generator is composed of an onium salt compound (1) having the specific structure described above, and when used in a radiation-sensitive resin composition, it can impart good sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity to the resulting resist film.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment contains an onium salt compound (1), a resin containing a structural unit (I), and a solvent. It further contains an acid diffusion controller as necessary.
- the composition may contain other optional components as long as they do not impair the effects of the present invention.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition contains both an onium salt compound (1) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator and a resin containing a structural unit (I) having a cyclic polar structure, and thereby can impart high levels of sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity to a resist film of the radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the onium salt compound (1) is represented by the above formula (1) and functions as a radiation-sensitive acid generator that generates an acid upon irradiation with radiation.
- the acid generated upon exposure has the function of dissociating an acid-dissociable group in the resin to generate a carboxyl group or the like.
- the monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 is not particularly limited and may be any of a chain structure, a cyclic structure, or a combination thereof.
- the chain structure may be a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, whether saturated or unsaturated, linear or branched.
- the cyclic structure may be a cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, whether alicyclic, aromatic or heterocyclic.
- the monovalent organic group is preferably a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof.
- R' is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the substituent that replaces some or all of the hydrogen atoms in the organic group include halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms; hydroxy groups; carboxy groups; cyano groups; nitro groups; amino groups; aldehyde groups; thiol groups; and oxo groups ( ⁇ O) (however, the oxo group is not bonded to a carbon atom adjacent to the carbon atoms to which R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are bonded in the above formula (1)).
- halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms
- hydroxy groups such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms
- carboxy groups such as fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atom
- Examples of the monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Examples of linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, i-propyl, n-butyl, 2-methylpropyl, 1-methylpropyl, t-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, and neopentyl.
- linear or branched unsaturated hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms examples include alkenyl groups such as ethenyl, propenyl, and butenyl; and alkynyl groups such as ethynyl, propynyl, and butynyl.
- the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms may be, for example, a monocyclic or polycyclic saturated hydrocarbon group, or a monocyclic or polycyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- Preferred examples of the monocyclic saturated hydrocarbon group include a cyclopentyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a cycloheptyl group, and a cyclooctyl group.
- Preferred examples of the polycyclic cycloalkyl group include a bridged alicyclic hydrocarbon group such as a norbornyl group, an adamantyl group, or a tricyclodecyl group.
- Preferred examples of the monocyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group include a monocyclic cycloalkenyl group such as a cyclopropenyl group, a cyclobutenyl group, a cyclopentenyl group, or a cyclohexenyl group.
- Preferred examples of the polycyclic unsaturated hydrocarbon group include a polycyclic cycloalkenyl group such as a norbornenyl group or a tricyclodecenyl group.
- the bridged alicyclic hydrocarbon group refers to a polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group in which two carbon atoms that are not adjacent to each other among the carbon atoms that constitute the alicyclic ring are bonded by a bond chain containing one or more carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms include aryl groups such as phenyl, tolyl, xylyl, and naphthyl; and aralkyl groups such as benzyl and phenethyl.
- heterocyclic cyclic hydrocarbon groups include groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from an aromatic heterocyclic structure and groups in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from an aliphatic heterocyclic structure.
- Five-membered aromatic structures that have aromaticity due to the introduction of heteroatoms are also included in the heterocyclic structure.
- heteroatoms include oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, and sulfur atoms.
- aromatic heterocyclic structure examples include oxygen atom-containing aromatic heterocyclic structures such as furan, pyran, benzofuran, and benzopyran; Nitrogen atom-containing aromatic heterocyclic structures such as pyrrole, imidazole, pyridine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, indole, quinoline, and isoquinoline; Sulfur-containing aromatic heterocyclic structures such as thiophene;
- heterocyclic ring include aromatic heterocyclic structures containing a plurality of heteroatoms, such as thiazole, benzothiazole, thiazine, and oxazine.
- Examples of the aliphatic heterocyclic structure include oxygen atom-containing aliphatic heterocyclic structures such as oxirane, tetrahydrofuran, tetrahydropyran, dioxolane, and dioxane; Nitrogen-containing aliphatic heterocyclic structures such as aziridine, pyrrolidine, piperidine, and piperazine; Sulfur-containing aliphatic heterocyclic structures such as thietane, thiolane, and thiane; Examples of the heterocyclic ring include aliphatic heterocyclic structures containing multiple heteroatoms, such as morpholine, 1,2-oxathiolane, and 1,3-oxathiolane.
- examples of the cyclic structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include groups in which one or two hydrogen atoms have been removed from an alicyclic hydrocarbon structure corresponding to a group in which the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2, and R 3 is expanded to a carbon number of 20.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 , R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may all be substituted or unsubstituted monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- Two of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be substituted or unsubstituted monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the remaining one may be a monovalent organic group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms containing a cyclic hydrocarbon structure.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be combined together to form a divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded, and the remaining one may be a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or R 1 , R 2 and R 3 may be combined together to form a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded.
- the above-mentioned cyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms or a group obtained by combining the above-mentioned monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the above-mentioned cyclic hydrocarbon group to have a total of 3 to 10 carbon atoms, can be preferably used.
- divalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 20 carbon atoms constituted by two of R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 taken together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded it is possible to suitably employ a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from a secondary carbon atom in a structure corresponding to 5 to 20 carbon atoms among the above-mentioned monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1, R 2, and R 3 extended to 20 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms constituted by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 taken together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from a tertiary carbon atom in a structure corresponding to 6 to 20 carbon atoms among the above-mentioned monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 and R 3 extended to 20 carbon atoms can be suitably used.
- the above-mentioned monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms the above-mentioned monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, the above-mentioned monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a combination thereof can be suitably used.
- Examples of the monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon groups represented by R 4 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 and R 8 include monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms and monovalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- Examples of the monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include fluorinated alkyl groups such as a trifluoromethyl group, a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a pentafluoroethyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl group, a heptafluoro n-propyl group, a heptafluoro i-propyl group, a nonafluoro n-butyl group, a nonafluoro i-butyl group, a nonafluoro t-butyl group, a 2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-octafluoro n-pentyl group, a tridecafluoro n-hexyl group, and a 5,5,5-trifluoro-1,1-diethylpenty
- Examples of the monovalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms include fluorinated cycloalkyl groups such as a fluorocyclopentyl group, a difluorocyclopentyl group, a nonafluorocyclopentyl group, a fluorocyclohexyl group, a difluorocyclohexyl group, an undecafluorocyclohexylmethyl group, a fluoronorbornyl group, a fluoroadamantyl group, a fluorobornyl group, a fluoroisobornyl group, and a fluorotricyclodecyl group;
- Examples of the fluorinated cycloalkenyl group include a fluorocyclopentenyl group and a nonafluorocyclohexenyl group.
- the above-mentioned fluorinated hydrocarbon group is preferably a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and more preferably a monovalent fluorinated straight chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 4 and R 5 are preferably each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a monovalent linear saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, or a monovalent fluorinated linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 6 , R 7 , and R 8 are preferably each independently a fluorine atom or a monovalent fluorinated linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably all are fluorine atoms.
- m1 is preferably an integer of 0 to 6, more preferably an integer of 0 to 4, further preferably an integer of 0 to 3, and particularly preferably an integer of 1 to 3.
- anion portion of the onium salt compound (1) include, but are not limited to, structures of the following formulas (1-1-1) to (1-1-37).
- examples of the monovalent radiation-sensitive onium cation represented by Z + include radiation-decomposable onium cations containing elements such as S, I, O, N, P, Cl, Br, F, As, Se, Sn, Sb, Te, and Bi.
- examples of the radiation-decomposable onium cation include sulfonium cation, tetrahydrothiophenium cation, iodonium cation, phosphonium cation, diazonium cation, and pyridinium cation. Among these, sulfonium cation or iodonium cation is preferred.
- the sulfonium cation or iodonium cation is preferably represented by the following formulae (X-1) to (X-6).
- R a1 , R a2 and R a3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, -OSO 2 -R P , -SO 2 -R Q , -S-R T , -O-, -CO- or a combination thereof, or a ring structure formed by combining two or more of these groups with each other.
- the ring structure may contain a heteroatom such as O or S between the carbon-carbon bonds that form the skeleton.
- R P , R Q and R T are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 5 to 25 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- k1, k2 and k3 are each independently an integer of 0 to 5.
- R b1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkoxyalkyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy group.
- n k is 0 or 1. When n k is 0, k4 is an integer of 0 to 4, and when n k is 1, k4 is an integer of 0 to 7.
- R b1 When there are multiple R b1 , the multiple R b1 may be the same or different, and the multiple R b1 may be combined with each other to form a ring structure.
- R b2 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 7 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 or 7 carbon atoms.
- L C is a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- k5 is an integer of 0 to 4.
- the multiple R b2 may be the same or different, and the multiple R b2 may combine with each other to form a ring structure.
- q is an integer of 0 to 3.
- the ring structure containing S + may contain a heteroatom such as O or S between the carbon-carbon bonds that form the skeleton.
- R c1 , R c2 and R c3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.
- R g1 is a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group or alkoxy group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted acyl group having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or a hydroxy group.
- n k2 is 0 or 1. When n k2 is 0, k10 is an integer of 0 to 4, and when n k2 is 1, k10 is an integer of 0 to 7.
- R g1 When there are multiple R g1 , the multiple R g1 may be the same or different, and the multiple R g1 may be combined with each other to form a ring structure.
- R g2 and R g3 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or an alkoxycarbonyloxy group, a substituted or unsubstituted monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a hydroxy group, a halogen atom, or a ring structure formed by combining these groups together.
- k11 and k12 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.
- R g2 and R g3 each independently represent a plurality of R g2 and R g3
- the plurality of R g2 and R g3 may be the same or different.
- R d1 and R d2 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group or an alkoxycarbonyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a halogen atom, a halogenated alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a nitro group, or a ring structure formed by combining two or more of these groups.
- k6 and k7 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 5.
- R d1 and R d2 each represent a plurality of R d1 and R d2
- the plurality of R d1 and R d2 may each be the same or different.
- R e1 and R e2 each independently represent a halogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- k8 and k9 each independently represent an integer of 0 to 4.
- radiation-sensitive onium cation examples include, but are not limited to, structures of the following formulas (1-2-1) to (1-2-52).
- the onium salt compound (1) can be obtained by appropriately combining the above anion portion with the above radiation-sensitive onium cation.
- Specific examples include, but are not limited to, structures of the following formulae (1-1) to (1-38).
- the lower limit of the content of onium salt compound (1) (the total of the onium salt compounds (1) when multiple types of onium salt compounds (1) are included) is preferably 0.1 parts by mass, more preferably 0.5 parts by mass, even more preferably 1 part by mass, and particularly preferably 3 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the resin described below.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 50 parts by mass, more preferably 40 parts by mass, even more preferably 30 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 25 parts by mass.
- the content of onium salt compound (1) is appropriately selected depending on the type of resin used, the exposure conditions, the required sensitivity, and the like. This makes it possible to exhibit excellent sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity when forming a resist pattern.
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and Z + are defined as in the above formula (1).
- the bromo moiety of 4-bromo-2,2,3,3-tetrafluoro-1-ol is converted to a sulfonate using a dithionite and an oxidizing agent, and the sulfonate is reacted with an onium cation halide salt (bromide salt in the scheme) corresponding to the onium cation moiety to proceed with salt exchange to obtain an onium salt.
- an onium cation halide salt bromide salt in the scheme
- the hydroxy group of the onium salt is dehydrated with a tertiary alcohol having structures R 1 , R 2 and R 3 to synthesize the desired onium salt compound (1) represented by formula (1a).
- Onium salt compounds (1) having other structures can also be synthesized in the same manner by appropriately selecting starting materials and precursors corresponding to the anion moiety and the onium cation moiety.
- the resin is an aggregate of polymers containing the structural unit (I) represented by the above formula (2) (hereinafter, this resin is also referred to as the "base resin").
- the base resin preferably contains a structural unit (II) having an acid-dissociable group, which will be described later, and may contain structural units other than the structural units (I) and (II). Each structural unit will be described below.
- the structural unit (I) is a structural unit represented by the above formula (2) and containing at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a lactone structure, a cyclic carbonate structure, and a sultone structure.
- the base resin further contains the structural unit (I), which allows the base resin to adjust its solubility in a developer, and as a result, the radiation-sensitive resin composition can improve lithography performance such as resolution. In addition, the adhesion between a resist pattern formed from the base resin and a substrate can be improved.
- the cyclic structure that is the basis of the cyclic polar structure contained in the structural unit (I) may be a monocyclic structure containing one ring (i.e., constituting a monocyclic polar structure), or may be a polycyclic structure containing two, three, four, five, or six or more rings (i.e., constituting a polycyclic polar structure).
- the cyclic structure may be an alicyclic structure, an aromatic ring structure, or a combination thereof.
- the bonding mode of the two adjacent rings is not particularly limited, and may be any of a structure in which the two adjacent rings share two or more carbon atoms (condensed ring structure, bridged ring structure, etc.), a structure in which the two adjacent rings are bonded by a single bond, a spiro structure in which the two adjacent rings share one carbon atom, or a structure combining these.
- At least one of the rings that form these monocyclic or polycyclic structures may have a lactone structure, a sultone structure, or a cyclic carbonate structure.
- the structural unit (I) is treated as a structural unit having a polycyclic polar structure.
- R 10 in the above formula (2) is preferably a polycyclic lactone structure, a polycyclic carbonate structure, or a polycyclic sultone structure.
- the polycyclic lactone structure in R 10 is preferably a norbornane lactone structure or an adamantane lactone structure.
- the structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a polycyclic lactone structure is preferably represented by the following formula (T-1-1), (T-1-2) or (T-1-3).
- R L1 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Each R L2 is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkoxy group, a (cyclo)alkoxycarbonyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a dimethylamino group, or a group containing a lactone structure. When a plurality of R L2 are present, the plurality of R L2 are the same or different.
- Each L 1 is independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Each X 1 is independently an oxygen atom or a methanediyl group. d1 is an integer from 0 to 3.
- R L1 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- Examples of the alkyl group represented by R L2 include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, an n-propyl group, an i-propyl group, an n-butyl group, a 2-methylpropyl group, a 1-methylpropyl group, and a t-butyl group.
- Examples of the alkoxy group represented by R L2 include linear or branched alkoxy groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, an n-propoxy group, an i-propoxy group, an n-butoxy group, and a t-butoxy group.
- Examples of the (cyclo)alkoxycarbonyl group represented by R L2 include linear or branched alkoxycarbonyl groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a methoxycarbonyl group, an ethoxycarbonyl group, an n-propoxycarbonyl group, an i-propoxycarbonyl group, an n-butoxycarbonyl group, or a t-butoxycarbonyl group, and cycloalkoxycarbonyl groups having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a cyclopropoxycarbonyl group, a cyclobutoxycarbonyl group, a cyclopropoxycarbonyl group, a cyclopentyloxycarbonyl group, a 1-methylcyclopentyloxycarbonyl group, a 1-ethylcyclopentyloxycarbonyl group, or a cyclohexyloxycarbonyl group.
- Examples of the hydroxyalkyl group represented by R L2 include a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, such as a hydroxymethyl group, a hydroxyethyl group, a hydroxypropyl group, or a hydroxybutyl group, in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted with a hydroxy group.
- Examples of the group containing a lactone structure represented by R L2 include groups represented by the following formula (L2).
- L11 represents a single bond, a divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -CO-, -O-, -NH-, or a combination thereof.
- R L22 is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkoxy group, a (cyclo)alkoxycarbonyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group or a dimethylamino group. When a plurality of R L22 are present, the plurality of R L22 are the same or different.
- nL1 is an integer from 1 to 3.
- nL2 is an integer from 0 to 3. * represents a bond to the ring structure in the above formula (T-1-1), (T-1-2) or (T-1-3).
- the divalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by L 11 a group in which one hydrogen atom has been removed from the monovalent hydrocarbon group represented by the above R 4 and R 5 can be suitably used.
- L 11 a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, -CO-, -O- or a combination thereof is preferable, a linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, -CO-, -O- or a combination thereof is more preferable, and a linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms or a combination of a linear hydrocarbon group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms and -COO- is even more preferable.
- R L22 As the structure of R L22 , the structures of R L2 in the above formulas (T-1-1) to (T-1-3) (excluding groups containing a lactone structure) can be suitably adopted.
- nL1 is preferably 1 or 2.
- nL2 is preferably an integer from 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.
- examples of the divalent linking group represented by L 1 include an alkanediyl group, a cycloalkanediyl group, an alkenediyl group, -R LA O- * , -R LB COO- * , or a combination thereof (* represents a bond on the ring structure side).
- the alkanediyl group is preferably an alkanediyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- cycloalkanediyl group examples include monocyclic cycloalkanediyl groups such as cyclopentanediyl and cyclohexanediyl groups; and polycyclic cycloalkanediyl groups such as norbornanediyl and adamantanediyl groups.
- the cycloalkanediyl group is preferably a cycloalkanediyl group having 5 to 12 carbon atoms.
- alkenediyl group examples include ethenediyl, propenediyl, and butenediyl groups.
- the alkenediyl group is preferably an alkenediyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms.
- R LA in the -R LA O- * examples include the above alkanediyl group, cycloalkanediyl group, alkenediyl group, etc.
- R LB in the -R LB COO- * examples include the above alkanediyl group, cycloalkanediyl group, alkenediyl group, arenediyl group, etc.
- arenediyl groups include benzenediyl group, tolylene group, naphthalenediyl group, etc. As the arenediyl group, an arenediyl group having 6 to 15 carbon atoms is preferable.
- Lc is preferably a single bond or --R LB COO --* .
- R LB is preferably an alkanediyl group.
- Some or all of the hydrogen atoms on the carbon atoms in L1 may be substituted with halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms or chlorine atoms, halogenated alkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl groups, alkoxy groups such as methoxy groups, cyano groups, or the like.
- halogen atoms such as fluorine atoms or chlorine atoms
- halogenated alkyl groups such as trifluoromethyl groups
- alkoxy groups such as methoxy groups, cyano groups, or the like.
- X1 is preferably a methanediyl group.
- d1 is preferably an integer from 0 to 2, and more preferably 0 or 1.
- Examples of monomer compounds that provide the structural unit (II) in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a polycyclic lactone structure include compounds represented by the following formula.
- the structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a polycyclic sultone structure is preferably represented by the following formula (T-2-1), (T-2-2) or (T-2-3).
- Each R S1 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Each R S2 is independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkoxy group, a (cyclo)alkoxycarbonyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a dimethylamino group, or a group containing a lactone structure. When a plurality of R S2 are present, the plurality of R S2 are the same or different.
- Each L2 is independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Each X2 is independently an oxygen atom or a methanediyl group. d2 is an integer from 0 to 3.
- R S1 , R S2 , L 2 , X 2 and d2 the structures or values shown in R L1 , R L2 , L 1 , X 1 and d1 in the above formulas (T-1-1) to (T-1-3) can be suitably adopted, respectively.
- Examples of monomer compounds that provide structural units in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a polycyclic sultone structure include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- a structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a polycyclic carbonate structure is preferably represented by the following formula (T-3-1) or (T-3-2).
- R T1 independently represents a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
- R T2 is each independently a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a cyano group, a trifluoromethyl group, an alkoxy group, a (cyclo)alkoxycarbonyl group, a hydroxy group, a hydroxyalkyl group, a dimethylamino group, or a group containing a lactone structure. When a plurality of R T2 are present, the plurality of R T2 are the same or different.
- Each L3 is independently a single bond or a divalent linking group.
- Each X3 is independently an oxygen atom or a methanediyl group.
- nt is an integer from 1 to 3.
- d3 is an integer from 0 to 3.
- R T1 , R T2 , L 3 , X 3 and d3 the structures or values shown in R L1 , R L2 , L 1 , X 1 and d1 in the above formulas (T-1-1) to (T-1-3) can be suitably adopted, respectively.
- Examples of monomer compounds that provide structural units in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a polycyclic carbonate structure include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- the structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a monocyclic lactone structure is preferably a structural unit in which R 10 in the above formula (2) is a group represented by the above formula (L2) (however, in this case, * in the above formula (L2) is a bond to the oxygen atom in the above formula (2)).
- Examples of monomer compounds that provide a structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a monocyclic carbonate structure include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- the structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a monocyclic sultone structure is preferably represented by the following formula (T-2-11).
- R S1 , R S2 , and L 2 are each defined as the same as in the above formula (T-2-1).
- m t1 is an integer of 1 to 3.
- d21 is an integer of 0 to 2.
- Examples of monomer compounds that provide structural units in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a monocyclic sultone structure include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- the structural unit (I) in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a monocyclic carbonate structure is preferably represented by the following formula (T-3-11).
- R T1 , R T2 , and L 3 are each defined as the same as in the above formula (T-3-1).
- m t2 is an integer of 1 to 3.
- d31 is an integer of 0 to 2.
- Examples of monomer compounds that provide a structural unit in which R 10 is a monovalent group containing a monocyclic carbonate structure include compounds represented by the following formulas.
- the base resin may contain one or a combination of two or more types of structural unit (I).
- the lower limit of the content of structural unit (I) in all structural units constituting the base resin is preferably 1 mol%, more preferably 10 mol%, even more preferably 20 mol%, and particularly preferably 30 mol%.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 80 mol%, more preferably 75 mol%, even more preferably 70 mol%, and particularly preferably 65 mol%.
- the structural unit (II) is a structural unit containing an acid dissociable group.
- the "acid dissociable group” refers to a group that substitutes a hydrogen atom of a carboxy group, a phenolic hydroxyl group, an alcoholic hydroxyl group, a sulfo group, or the like, and dissociates by the action of an acid.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition has excellent pattern formability because the resin contains the structural unit (II).
- the structural unit (II) is not particularly limited as long as it contains an acid-dissociable group, and examples thereof include a structural unit having a tertiary alkyl ester moiety, a structural unit having a structure in which the hydrogen atom of a phenolic hydroxyl group is substituted with a tertiary alkyl group, and a structural unit having an acetal bond. From the viewpoint of improving the pattern formability of the radiation-sensitive resin composition, however, a structural unit represented by the following formula (3) (hereinafter also referred to as "structural unit (II-1)”) is preferred.
- R 17 is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- R 18 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 19 and R 20 each independently represent a monovalent chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms constituted by combining these groups together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded.
- R 17 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- Examples of the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 18 include a chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, and a monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 18 to R 20 the monovalent chain hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 10 carbon atoms represented by R 1 , R 2 and R 3 in the above formula (1) can be suitably used.
- alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 18 to R 20 above a group in which the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 in the above formula (1) is extended to have a carbon number of 20 can be suitably used.
- R 18 As the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 18 , a group in which the monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms in R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 in formula (1) is extended to 20 carbon atoms can be suitably used.
- R 18 is preferably a linear or branched saturated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the divalent alicyclic group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms constituted by combining the chain hydrocarbon groups or alicyclic hydrocarbon groups represented by R 19 and R 20 together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded is not particularly limited as long as it is a group in which two hydrogen atoms have been removed from the same carbon atom constituting a carbon ring of a monocyclic or polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon having the above carbon number. It may be either a monocyclic hydrocarbon group or a polycyclic hydrocarbon group, and the polycyclic hydrocarbon group may be either a bridged alicyclic hydrocarbon group or a condensed alicyclic hydrocarbon group, or it may be either a saturated hydrocarbon group or an unsaturated hydrocarbon group.
- the condensed alicyclic hydrocarbon group refers to a polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon group constituted in such a way that a plurality of alicyclic rings share a side (a bond between two adjacent carbon atoms).
- preferred saturated hydrocarbon groups include cyclopentanediyl, cyclohexanediyl, cycloheptanediyl, and cyclooctanediyl groups
- preferred unsaturated hydrocarbon groups include cyclopentenediyl, cyclohexenediyl, cycloheptenediyl, cyclooctenediyl, and cyclodecenediyl groups.
- Preferred polycyclic alicyclic hydrocarbon groups include bridged alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon groups, such as bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane-2,2-diyl (norbornane-2,2-diyl), bicyclo[2.2.2]octane-2,2-diyl, and tricyclo[3.3.1.1 3,7 ]decane-2,2-diyl (adamantane-2,2-diyl).
- R 18 is an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms
- R 19 and R 20 taken together form an alicyclic structure together with the carbon atom to which they are bonded, which is a polycyclic or monocyclic cycloalkane structure.
- structural unit (I-1) examples include structural units represented by the following formulas (3-1) to (3-6) (hereinafter also referred to as “structural units (II-1-1) to (II-1-6)").
- R 17 to R 20 have the same meanings as in the above formula (3).
- i and j each independently represent an integer of 1 to 4.
- k and l each represent 0 or 1.
- R 18 is preferably a methyl group, an ethyl group, an isopropyl group, a t-butyl group or a cyclopentyl group.
- R 19 and R 20 are preferably a methyl group or an ethyl group.
- the base resin may contain one or a combination of two or more types of structural unit (II).
- the lower limit of the content of structural unit (II) (the total content when multiple types are included) is preferably 10 mol%, more preferably 20 mol%, even more preferably 30 mol%, and particularly preferably 35 mol%, based on all structural units constituting the base resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 80 mol%, more preferably 75 mol%, even more preferably 70 mol%, and particularly preferably 65 mol%.
- the base resin may have other structural units in addition to the structural units (I) and (II).
- the other structural units include a structural unit (III) containing a polar group (excluding the structural unit (I)).
- the base resin may further have the structural unit (III) to adjust the solubility in the developer, thereby improving the lithography performance such as the resolution of the radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the polar group include a hydroxy group, a carboxy group, a cyano group, a nitro group, and a sulfonamide group. Among these, a hydroxy group and a carboxy group are preferred, and a hydroxy group is more preferred.
- structural unit (III) examples include structural units represented by the following formula:
- R A is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group or a trifluoromethyl group.
- the lower limit of the content of the structural unit (III) is preferably 2 mol%, more preferably 5 mol%, and even more preferably 8 mol%, based on all structural units constituting the base resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 30 mol%, more preferably 20 mol%, and even more preferably 15 mol%.
- the base resin optionally has a structural unit having a phenolic hydroxyl group (hereinafter, both of them are also referred to as "structural unit (IV)") as another structural unit in addition to the structural unit (III) having a polar group.
- the structural unit (IV) contributes to improving the etching resistance and the difference in developer solubility (dissolution contrast) between the exposed and unexposed areas. In particular, it can be suitably applied to pattern formation using exposure to radiation with a wavelength of 50 nm or less, such as electron beams or EUV. In this case, it is preferable that the resin has the structural unit (I) together with the structural unit (IV).
- the structural unit (IV) is represented, for example, by the following formulas (4-1) to (4-4).
- R 41 is each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- Y is a halogen atom, a trifluoromethyl group, a cyano group, an alkyl group or an alkoxy group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or an acyl group, an acyloxy group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms.
- t is an integer of 0 to 4.
- structural unit (IV) it is preferable to polymerize the corresponding monomer in a state in which the phenolic hydroxyl group is protected by a protecting group such as an alkali-dissociable group (e.g., an acyl group) during polymerization, and then to obtain structural unit (IV) by deprotecting the monomer through hydrolysis.
- a protecting group such as an alkali-dissociable group (e.g., an acyl group) during polymerization
- the corresponding monomer may also be polymerized without protecting the phenolic hydroxyl group.
- the lower limit of the content of the structural unit (IV) is preferably 10 mol%, more preferably 15 mol%, based on the total structural units constituting the resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 50 mol%, more preferably 40 mol%.
- the base resin may contain a structural unit having an alicyclic structure represented by the following formula (6) as a structural unit other than the structural units listed above.
- R 1 ⁇ is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- R 2 ⁇ is a monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 2 ⁇ can be suitably used as the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 2 ⁇ .
- the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 18 to R 20 in the above formula (3) can be suitably used as the monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 18 to R 20 in the above formula (3).
- the lower limit of the content of the structural unit having the above alicyclic structure is preferably 2 mol%, more preferably 5 mol%, and even more preferably 8 mol%, based on the total structural units constituting the base resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 30 mol%, more preferably 20 mol%, and even more preferably 15 mol%.
- the base resin can be synthesized, for example, by polymerizing monomers that provide each structural unit in an appropriate solvent using a radical polymerization initiator or the like.
- the radical polymerization initiator may be an azo radical initiator such as azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN), 2,2'-azobis(4-methoxy-2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2-cyclopropylpropionitrile), 2,2'-azobis(2,4-dimethylvaleronitrile), or dimethyl 2,2'-azobisisobutyrate; or a peroxide radical initiator such as benzoyl peroxide, t-butyl hydroperoxide, or cumene hydroperoxide.
- AIBN and dimethyl 2,2'-azobisisobutyrate are preferred, with AIBN being more preferred.
- These radical initiators may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the solvent used in the polymerization include alkanes such as n-pentane, n-hexane, n-heptane, n-octane, n-nonane, and n-decane; Cycloalkanes such as cyclohexane, cycloheptane, cyclooctane, decalin, and norbornane; Aromatic hydrocarbons such as benzene, toluene, xylene, ethylbenzene, and cumene; Halogenated hydrocarbons such as chlorobutanes, bromohexanes, dichloroethanes, hexamethylene dibromide, and chlorobenzene; Saturated carboxylates such as ethyl acetate, n-butyl acetate, i-butyl acetate, and methyl propionate; Ketones such as acetone, 2-butanone (methyl
- the reaction temperature in the above polymerization is usually 40°C to 150°C, preferably 50°C to 120°C.
- the reaction time is usually 1 hour to 48 hours, preferably 1 hour to 24 hours.
- the molecular weight of the base resin is not particularly limited, but the lower limit of the polystyrene-equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) is preferably 2,000, more preferably 3,000, even more preferably 4,000, and particularly preferably 4,500.
- the upper limit of Mw is preferably 30,000, more preferably 20,000, even more preferably 10,000, and particularly preferably 8,000.
- the ratio of Mw to the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) of the base resin by GPC is usually 1 or more and 5 or less, preferably 1 or more and 3 or less, and more preferably 1 or more and 2 or less.
- the Mw and Mn of the resin in this specification are values measured using gel permeation chromatography (GPC) under the following conditions.
- the content of the base resin is preferably 60% by mass or more, more preferably 65% by mass or more, and even more preferably 70% by mass or more, based on the total solid content of the radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition of the present embodiment may contain, as another resin, a resin having a higher mass content of fluorine atoms than the base resin (hereinafter, also referred to as a "high fluorine content resin".
- a resin having a higher mass content of fluorine atoms than the base resin hereinafter, also referred to as a "high fluorine content resin”.
- the high fluorine content resin can be unevenly distributed in the surface layer of the resist film relative to the base resin, and as a result, the water repellency of the surface of the resist film during immersion exposure can be increased, and the surface of the resist film can be modified during EUV exposure, and the distribution of the composition within the film can be controlled.
- the high fluorine content resin preferably has a structural unit represented by the following formula (5) (hereinafter also referred to as “structural unit (V)”), and may have structural unit (II) or structural unit (III) in the above base resin, as necessary.
- R 13 is a hydrogen atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- G L is a single bond, an alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -COO-, -SO 2 ONH-, -CONH-, -OCONH-, or a combination thereof.
- R 14 is a monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or a monovalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R 13 is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- the above G L is preferably a single bond, --COO--, or a combination of --COO-- and an alkanediyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and more preferably --COO--.
- Examples of the monovalent fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 14 include linear or branched alkyl groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted with fluorine atoms.
- Examples of the monovalent fluorinated alicyclic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 20 carbon atoms represented by R 14 include monocyclic or polycyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms have been substituted with fluorine atoms.
- R 14 is preferably a fluorinated chain hydrocarbon group, more preferably a fluorinated alkyl group, and further preferably a 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl group, a 2,2,3,3,3-pentafluoropropyl group, a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoropropyl group, or a 5,5,5-trifluoro-1,1-diethylpentyl group.
- the lower limit of the content of the structural unit (V) is preferably 40 mol%, more preferably 50 mol%, and even more preferably 55 mol%, based on all structural units constituting the high fluorine content resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 80 mol%, more preferably 70 mol%, and even more preferably 65 mol%.
- the high fluorine content resin may have a fluorine atom-containing structural unit represented by the following formula (f-2) (hereinafter also referred to as structural unit (VI)) in addition to or instead of the structural unit (V).
- structural unit (f-2) hereinafter also referred to as structural unit (VI)
- the high fluorine content resin has improved solubility in an alkaline developer, and the occurrence of development defects can be suppressed.
- the structural unit (VI) is roughly classified into two types: (x) a structural unit having an alkali-soluble group, and (y) a structural unit having a group that dissociates under the action of an alkali to increase the solubility in an alkali developer (hereinafter, also simply referred to as an "alkali dissociable group").
- R C is a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a methyl group, or a trifluoromethyl group.
- R D is a single bond, a (s+1)-valent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a structure in which an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, -NR dd -, a carbonyl group, -COO-, -OCO-, or -CONH- is bonded to the end of the hydrocarbon group on the R E side, or a structure in which some of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group are substituted with an organic group having a hetero atom.
- R dd is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- s is an integer from 1 to 3.
- R F is a hydrogen atom
- a 1 is an oxygen atom, -COO-* or -SO 2 O-*. * indicates the site bonding to R F.
- W 1 is a single bond, a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, or a divalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- a 1 is an oxygen atom
- W 1 is a fluorinated hydrocarbon group having a fluorine atom or a fluoroalkyl group on the carbon atom to which A 1 is bonded.
- R E is a single bond or a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R E s When s is 2 or 3, a plurality of R E s , W 1 s , A 1 s and R F s may be the same or different.
- the structural unit (VI) has an alkali-soluble group (x), it is possible to increase affinity for an alkaline developer and suppress development defects.
- a 1 is an oxygen atom and W 1 is a 1,1,1,3,3,3-hexafluoro-2,2-methanediyl group.
- RF is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms
- a 1 is an oxygen atom, -NR aa -, -COO-*, -OCO-* or -SO 2 O-*.
- R aa is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms. * indicates the site bonding to RF .
- W 1 is a single bond or a divalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- R E is a single bond or a divalent organic group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms.
- W 1 or RF has a fluorine atom on the carbon atom bonding to A 1 or on the carbon atom adjacent thereto.
- a 1 is an oxygen atom
- W 1 and R E are single bonds
- R D is a structure in which a carbonyl group is bonded to the end of a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms on the R E side
- R F is an organic group having a fluorine atom.
- s is 2 or 3
- the multiple R E s , W 1 s , A 1 s , and R F s may be the same or different.
- the resist film surface changes from hydrophobic to hydrophilic in the alkali development step.
- the affinity to the developer is significantly increased, and development defects can be more efficiently suppressed.
- a 1 is -COO-*, and R F or W 1 or both of them have a fluorine atom.
- R 3 C is preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, and more preferably a methyl group.
- R 3 E is a divalent organic group, it is preferably a group having a lactone structure, more preferably a group having a polycyclic lactone structure, and even more preferably a group having a norbornane lactone structure.
- the content of the structural unit (VI) is preferably 40 mol%, more preferably 50 mol%, and even more preferably 55 mol%, based on all structural units constituting the high fluorine content resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 95 mol%, more preferably 90 mol%, and even more preferably 85 mol%.
- the high fluorine content resin may contain, as a structural unit other than the structural units listed above, a structural unit having an alicyclic structure represented by the above formula (6), in addition to the structural units (II) and (III) in the base resin.
- the content ratio of each structural unit in the high fluorine content resin can suitably be the content ratio described for the base resin.
- the content ratio of the structural unit having the above-mentioned alicyclic structure is preferably 10 mol%, more preferably 20 mol%, and even more preferably 30 mol%, based on the total structural units constituting the high-fluorine content resin.
- the upper limit of the content ratio is preferably 60 mol%, more preferably 50 mol%, and even more preferably 45 mol%.
- the lower limit of the Mw of the high fluorine content resin is preferably 2,000, more preferably 4,000, even more preferably 6,000, and particularly preferably 8,000.
- the upper limit of the Mw is preferably 30,000, more preferably 20,000, even more preferably 12,000, and particularly preferably 10,000.
- the lower limit of Mw/Mn of the high fluorine content resin is usually 1, and more preferably 1.1.
- the upper limit of the above Mw/Mn is usually 5, and more preferably 3, and more preferably 2.
- the content of the high-fluorine content resin is preferably 0.5 parts by mass or more, more preferably 1 part by mass or more, even more preferably 1.5 parts by mass or more, and particularly preferably 2 parts by mass or more, relative to 100 parts by mass of the base resin. Also, the content is preferably 15 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 parts by mass or less, even more preferably 8 parts by mass or less, and particularly preferably 6 parts by mass or less.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition may contain one or more types of high fluorine content resins.
- the high fluorine content resin can be synthesized by the same method as the above-mentioned method for synthesizing the base resin.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition may contain an acid diffusion controller as necessary.
- the acid diffusion controller controls the diffusion phenomenon in the resist film of the acid generated from the onium salt compound (1) by exposure, and has the effect of suppressing undesirable chemical reactions in the unexposed areas.
- the storage stability of the obtained radiation-sensitive resin composition is improved.
- the resolution of the resist pattern is further improved, and the line width change of the resist pattern due to the fluctuation of the delay time from exposure to development treatment can be suppressed, and a radiation-sensitive resin composition with excellent process stability can be obtained.
- acid diffusion control agents include compounds represented by the following formula (7) (hereinafter also referred to as “nitrogen-containing compound (I)”), compounds having two nitrogen atoms in the same molecule (hereinafter also referred to as “nitrogen-containing compound (II)”), compounds having three nitrogen atoms (hereinafter also referred to as “nitrogen-containing compound (III)”), amide group-containing compounds, urea compounds, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds, etc.
- R 22 , R 23 and R 24 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aralkyl group.
- nitrogen-containing compound (I) examples include monoalkylamines such as n-hexylamine; dialkylamines such as di-n-butylamine; trialkylamines such as triethylamine; and aromatic amines such as aniline and 2,6-di-i-propylaniline.
- nitrogen-containing compound (II) examples include ethylenediamine, N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, etc.
- nitrogen-containing compound (III) examples include polyamine compounds such as polyethyleneimine and polyallylamine; polymers such as dimethylaminoethylacrylamide; and the like.
- amide group-containing compounds include formamide, N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, propionamide, benzamide, pyrrolidone, and N-methylpyrrolidone.
- urea compounds include urea, methylurea, 1,1-dimethylurea, 1,3-dimethylurea, 1,1,3,3-tetramethylurea, 1,3-diphenylurea, and tributylthiourea.
- nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compounds examples include pyridines such as pyridine and 2-methylpyridine; morpholines such as N-propylmorpholine and N-(undecylcarbonyloxyethyl)morpholine; pyrazine, pyrazole, etc.
- nitrogen-containing organic compounds having such an acid-dissociable group include N-t-butoxycarbonylpiperidine, N-t-butoxycarbonylimidazole, N-t-butoxycarbonylbenzimidazole, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole, N-t-amyloxycarbonyl-2-phenylbenzimidazole, N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)di-n-octylamine, N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)diethanolamine, N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)dicyclohexylamine, N-(t-butoxycarbonyl)diphenylamine, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-hydroxypiperidine, N-t-butoxycarbonyl-4-acetoxypiperidine, and N-t-amyloxycarbonyl-4-hydroxypiper
- a radiation-sensitive weak acid generator that generates a weak acid upon exposure
- the acid generated by the radiation-sensitive weak acid generator is a weak acid that does not induce dissociation of the acid-dissociable group in the resin under conditions that dissociate the acid-dissociable group.
- dissociation of the acid-dissociable group refers to dissociation upon post-exposure baking at 110°C for 60 seconds.
- Examples of radiation-sensitive weak acid generators include onium salt compounds that decompose upon exposure to light and lose their ability to control acid diffusion.
- Examples of onium salt compounds include sulfonium salt compounds represented by the following formula (8-1) and iodonium salt compounds represented by the following formula (8-2).
- Other examples include compounds containing a sulfonium cation and anion in the same molecule represented by the following formula (8-3) and compounds containing an iodonium cation and anion in the same molecule represented by the following formula (8-4).
- J + is a sulfonium cation
- U + is an iodonium cation.
- Examples of the sulfonium cation represented by J + include those represented by the above formulas (X-1) to (X-4), and examples of the iodonium cation represented by U + include those represented by the above formulas (X-5) to (X-6).
- E - and Q - are each independently an anion represented by OH - , R ⁇ -COO - , or R ⁇ -SO 3 - .
- R ⁇ is a single bond or a monovalent organic group having 1 to 30 carbon atoms.
- this organic group examples include a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, a group having a divalent heteroatom-containing group between the carbon atoms of this hydrocarbon group or at the carbon chain end, a group in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of the hydrocarbon group are substituted with a monovalent heteroatom-containing group, or a combination thereof.
- Examples of monovalent hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms include monovalent linear hydrocarbon groups having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, monovalent alicyclic hydrocarbon groups having 3 to 20 carbon atoms, monovalent aromatic hydrocarbon groups having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and combinations of these.
- Heteroatoms constituting a divalent or monovalent heteroatom-containing group include, for example, oxygen atoms, nitrogen atoms, sulfur atoms, phosphorus atoms, silicon atoms, halogen atoms, etc.
- halogen atoms include fluorine atoms, chlorine atoms, bromine atoms, and iodine atoms.
- divalent heteroatom-containing group examples include -CO-, -CS-, -NH-, -O-, -S-, -SO-, -SO 2 -, and combinations of these groups.
- Examples of monovalent heteroatom-containing groups include hydroxyl groups, sulfanyl groups, cyano groups, nitro groups, and halogen atoms.
- Examples of the radiation-sensitive weak acid generator include compounds represented by the following formula:
- the above radiation-sensitive weak acid generators are preferably sulfonium salts, more preferably triarylsulfonium salts, and even more preferably triphenylsulfonium salicylate and triphenylsulfonium 10-camphorsulfonate.
- the lower limit of the content of the acid diffusion control agent is preferably 0.5 parts by mass, more preferably 1 part by mass, and even more preferably 2 parts by mass, relative to 100 parts by mass of the resin.
- the upper limit of the content is preferably 30 parts by mass, more preferably 20 parts by mass, and even more preferably 15 parts by mass.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition may contain one or more types of acid diffusion control agents.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition according to the present embodiment contains a solvent.
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it is a solvent capable of dissolving or dispersing at least the onium salt compound (1) and the resin, as well as an acid diffusion controller and the like that are optionally contained therein.
- solvents examples include alcohol-based solvents, ether-based solvents, ketone-based solvents, amide-based solvents, ester-based solvents, and hydrocarbon-based solvents.
- Alcohol-based solvents include: Monoalcohol solvents having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, such as isopropanol, 4-methyl-2-pentanol, 3-methoxybutanol, n-hexanol, 2-ethylhexanol, furfuryl alcohol, cyclohexanol, 3,3,5-trimethylcyclohexanol, and diacetone alcohol; Polyhydric alcohol solvents having 2 to 18 carbon atoms, such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propylene glycol, 2-methyl-2,4-pentanediol, 2,5-hexanediol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, and tripropylene glycol; Examples of the polyhydric alcohol partially etherified solvents include those obtained by etherifying some of the hydroxy groups of the above-mentioned polyhydric alcohol solvents.
- ether solvents include: Dialkyl ether solvents such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, and dibutyl ether; Cyclic ether solvents such as tetrahydrofuran and tetrahydropyran; Aromatic ring-containing ether solvents such as diphenyl ether and anisole (methyl phenyl ether);
- polyhydric alcohol solvent include polyhydric alcohol ether solvents obtained by etherifying the hydroxyl groups of the above-mentioned polyhydric alcohol solvents.
- ketone solvent examples include chain ketone solvents such as acetone, butanone, and methyl-iso-butyl ketone: Cyclic ketone solvents such as cyclopentanone, cyclohexanone, methylcyclohexanone, etc.: Examples include 2,4-pentanedione, acetonylacetone, and acetophenone.
- amide solvent examples include cyclic amide solvents such as N,N'-dimethylimidazolidinone and N-methylpyrrolidone;
- solvent examples include chain amide solvents such as N-methylformamide, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-diethylformamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, and N-methylpropionamide.
- ester-based solvents include: Monocarboxylate ester solvents such as n-butyl acetate and ethyl lactate; polyhydric alcohol partial ether acetate solvents, such as diethylene glycol mono-n-butyl ether acetate, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate; Lactone solvents such as ⁇ -butyrolactone and valerolactone; Carbonate solvents such as diethyl carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and propylene carbonate; Examples of the solvent include polyvalent carboxylate diester solvents such as propylene glycol diacetate, methoxytriglycol acetate, diethyl oxalate, ethyl acetoacetate, and diethyl phthalate.
- Monocarboxylate ester solvents such as n-butyl acetate and ethyl lactate
- polyhydric alcohol partial ether acetate solvents such
- hydrocarbon solvent examples include aliphatic hydrocarbon solvents such as n-hexane, cyclohexane, and methylcyclohexane;
- solvent examples include aromatic hydrocarbon solvents such as benzene, toluene, di-iso-propylbenzene, and n-amylnaphthalene.
- ester-based solvents and ether-based solvents are preferred, polyhydric alcohol partial ether acetate-based solvents, lactone-based solvents, monocarboxylic acid ester-based solvents and ketone-based solvents are more preferred, and propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate and cyclohexanone are even more preferred.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition may contain one or more types of solvents.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition may contain other optional components in addition to the above components.
- the other optional components include a crosslinking agent, a localization promoter, a surfactant, an alicyclic skeleton-containing compound, a sensitizer, etc. These other optional components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition can be prepared, for example, by mixing the onium salt compound (1), a resin, and, if necessary, an acid diffusion controller, a high fluorine content resin, and a solvent in a predetermined ratio. After mixing, the radiation-sensitive resin composition is preferably filtered, for example, through a filter having a pore size of about 0.05 ⁇ m to 0.40 ⁇ m.
- the solid content concentration of the radiation-sensitive resin composition is usually 0.1% by mass to 50% by mass, preferably 0.5% by mass to 30% by mass, and more preferably 1% by mass to 20% by mass.
- a pattern forming method includes the steps of: a step (1) of directly or indirectly applying the radiation-sensitive resin composition to a substrate to form a resist film (hereinafter also referred to as a "resist film forming step”); a step (2) of exposing the resist film to light (hereinafter also referred to as an "exposure step”); and a step (3) of developing the exposed resist film (hereinafter also referred to as the "developing step”).
- the above-mentioned pattern formation method uses the above-mentioned radiation-sensitive resin composition, which can form a resist film that is excellent in sensitivity, LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity in the exposure process, and therefore can form a high-quality resist pattern.
- sensitivity low-sensitivity
- DOF DOF
- pattern rectangularity pattern rectangularity
- CDU performance pattern circularity
- a resist film is formed from the radiation-sensitive resin composition.
- the substrate on which the resist film is formed include conventionally known substrates such as silicon wafers, silicon dioxide, and aluminum-coated wafers.
- an organic or inorganic anti-reflective film disclosed in, for example, JP-B-6-12452 or JP-A-59-93448 may be formed on the substrate.
- the coating method include spin coating, casting coating, and roll coating. After coating, pre-baking (PB) may be performed as necessary to volatilize the solvent in the coating.
- the PB temperature is usually 60° C. to 140° C., and preferably 80° C. to 130° C.
- the PB time is usually 5 seconds to 600 seconds, and preferably 10 seconds to 300 seconds.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the resist film formed is preferably 10 nm, more preferably 20 nm, and even more preferably 30 nm.
- the upper limit of the thickness is preferably 500 nm, more preferably 400 nm, and even more preferably 300 nm.
- the lower limit of the thickness may be 100 nm, 150 nm, or 200 nm.
- a protective film for immersion that is insoluble in the immersion liquid may be provided on the resist film formed above in order to avoid direct contact between the immersion liquid and the resist film.
- a solvent-peelable protective film that is peeled off with a solvent before the development step see, for example, JP-A No. 2006-227632
- a developer-peelable protective film that is peeled off simultaneously with development in the development step see, for example, WO2005-069076 and WO2006-035790
- the resist film formed in the resist film forming step (1) above is irradiated with radiation through a photomask (or, in some cases, through an immersion liquid such as water) to expose the resist film.
- radiation used for exposure include electromagnetic waves such as visible light, ultraviolet light, far ultraviolet light, EUV (extreme ultraviolet light), X-rays, and gamma rays; charged particle beams such as electron beams and alpha rays, depending on the line width of the target pattern.
- far ultraviolet light, electron beams, and EUV are preferred
- ArF excimer laser light wavelength 193 nm
- KrF excimer laser light wavelength 248 nm
- electron beams, and EUV are more preferred
- the immersion liquid used include water and fluorine-based inert liquids.
- the immersion liquid is preferably a liquid that is transparent to the exposure wavelength and has a temperature coefficient of refractive index as small as possible so as to minimize distortion of the optical image projected onto the film, but when the exposure light source is an ArF excimer laser light (wavelength 193 nm), in addition to the above-mentioned viewpoints, water is preferably used because of its ease of availability and ease of handling.
- a small proportion of an additive that reduces the surface tension of water and increases its surfactant power may be added. It is preferable that this additive does not dissolve the resist film on the wafer and has a negligible effect on the optical coating on the underside of the lens. Distilled water is preferably used as the water to be used.
- PEB post-exposure bake
- This PEB creates a difference in solubility in the developer between the exposed and unexposed parts.
- the PEB temperature is usually 50°C to 180°C, with 80°C to 130°C being preferred.
- the PEB time is usually 5 seconds to 600 seconds, with 10 seconds to 300 seconds being preferred.
- step (3) above the resist film exposed in the exposure step (2) above is developed. This allows a desired resist pattern to be formed. After development, the resist film is generally washed with a rinse liquid such as water or alcohol, and then dried.
- a rinse liquid such as water or alcohol
- examples of the developer used in the above development include an alkaline aqueous solution in which at least one alkaline compound such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium carbonate, sodium silicate, sodium metasilicate, aqueous ammonia, ethylamine, n-propylamine, diethylamine, di-n-propylamine, triethylamine, methyldiethylamine, ethyldimethylamine, triethanolamine, tetramethylammonium hydroxide (TMAH), pyrrole, piperidine, choline, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-7-undecene, and 1,5-diazabicyclo-[4.3.0]-5-nonene is dissolved.
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TMAH tetramethylammonium hydroxide
- TMAH 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-7-undecene
- examples of the organic solvent include hydrocarbon solvents, ether solvents, ester solvents, ketone solvents, and alcohol solvents, or solvents containing an organic solvent.
- examples of the organic solvent include one or more of the solvents listed as the solvents for the radiation-sensitive resin composition described above.
- ether solvents, ester solvents, and ketone solvents are preferred.
- glycol ether solvents are preferred, and ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and propylene glycol monomethyl ether are more preferred.
- ester solvent acetate ester solvents are preferred, and n-butyl acetate and amyl acetate are more preferred.
- the content of the organic solvent in the developer is preferably 80% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, even more preferably 95% by mass or more, and particularly preferably 99% by mass or more.
- components other than the organic solvent in the developer include water and silicone oil.
- the developer may be either an alkaline developer or an organic solvent developer. It can be selected appropriately depending on whether the desired pattern is a positive type or a negative type.
- Development methods include, for example, a method in which the substrate is immersed in a tank filled with developer for a certain period of time (dip method), a method in which developer is piled up on the substrate surface by surface tension and left to stand for a certain period of time (paddle method), a method in which developer is sprayed onto the substrate surface (spray method), and a method in which developer is continuously dispensed while scanning a developer dispense nozzle at a constant speed onto a substrate rotating at a constant speed (dynamic dispense method).
- dip method a method in which the substrate is immersed in a tank filled with developer for a certain period of time
- paddle method a method in which developer is piled up on the substrate surface by surface tension and left to stand for a certain period of time
- spray method a method in which developer is sprayed onto the substrate surface
- dynamic dispense method a method in which developer is continuously dispensed while scanning a developer dispense nozzle at a constant speed onto a substrate rotating at
- the radiation-sensitive acid generator according to this embodiment is an onium salt compound represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 are each independently a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or two or three of R 1 , R 2 and R 3 taken together represent a monovalent or divalent group containing a cyclic structure having 3 to 20 carbon atoms formed together with the carbon atoms to which they are bonded.
- R 1 , R 2 and R 3 form the above-mentioned cyclic structure, the remaining one is a monovalent organic group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- R4 and R5 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a monovalent hydrocarbon group, or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group. When a plurality of R4s and R5s are present, the plurality of R4s and R5s are the same or different.
- R 6 , R 7 and R 8 each independently represent a fluorine atom or a monovalent fluorinated hydrocarbon group.
- m1 is an integer from 0 to 8.
- Z + is a monovalent radiation-sensitive onium cation.
- the onium salt compound represented by the above formula (1) As the onium salt compound represented by the above formula (1), the onium salt compound (1) in the radiation-sensitive resin composition can be suitably used.
- Mw Weight average molecular weight
- Mn number average molecular weight
- the start of the dropwise addition was set as the start time of the polymerization reaction, and the polymerization reaction was carried out for 6 hours.
- the polymerization solution was cooled with water to 30°C or less.
- the cooled polymerization solution was poured into methanol (2,000 parts by mass), and the precipitated white powder was filtered off.
- the white powder separated by filtration was washed twice with methanol, filtered, and dried at 50° C. for 24 hours to obtain a white powdery resin (A-1) (yield: 80%).
- the Mw of the resin (A-1) was 5,500, and the Mw/Mn was 1.61.
- the polymerization solution was cooled with water to 30°C or less.
- the cooled polymerization solution was poured into hexane (2,000 parts by mass), and the precipitated white powder was filtered off.
- the filtered white powder was washed twice with hexane, filtered off, and dissolved in 1-methoxy-2-propanol (300 parts by mass).
- methanol (500 parts by mass), triethylamine (50 parts by mass) and ultrapure water (10 parts by mass) were added, and the hydrolysis reaction was carried out at 70 ° C. for 6 hours while stirring.
- the polymerization solution was cooled with water to 30°C or less.
- the solvent was replaced with acetonitrile (400 parts by mass), and then hexane (100 parts by mass) was added and stirred to recover the acetonitrile layer. This operation was repeated three times.
- the solvent was replaced with propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate to obtain a solution of high fluorine content resin (F-1) (yield: 73%).
- the high fluorine content resin (F-1) had an Mw of 9,800 and an Mw/Mn of 1.79.
- the contents of the structural units derived from (M-2), (M-22) and (M-26) were 18.3 mol %, 10.7 mol % and 71.0 mol %, respectively.
- a 1M solution was prepared by adding 20.0 mmol of 4-bromo-3,3,4,4-tetrafluorobutan-1-ol to a reaction vessel and mixing it with a mixture of acetonitrile and water (1:1 (mass ratio)). Then, 40.0 mmol of sodium dithionite and 60.0 mmol of sodium bicarbonate were added and reacted at 70°C for 4 hours. After extraction with acetonitrile and distillation of the solvent, a 0.5M solution was added with a mixture of acetonitrile and water (3:1 (mass ratio)). 60.0 mmol of hydrogen peroxide and 2.00 mmol of sodium tungstate were added and heated and stirred at 50°C for 12 hours.
- a sodium sulfonate compound was obtained by extraction with acetonitrile and distillation of the solvent. 20.0 mmol of triphenylsulfonium bromide was added to the sodium sulfonate compound, and a 0.5M solution was obtained by adding a mixture of water and dichloromethane (1:3 (mass ratio)). After vigorously stirring at room temperature for 3 hours, dichloromethane was added for extraction and the organic layer was separated. The resulting organic layer was dried over sodium sulfate, the solvent was removed, and the product was purified by column chromatography to obtain the onium salt in good yield.
- the above onium salt was added with 20.0 mmol of 1-adamantanol, 30.0 mmol of concentrated sulfuric acid, and 50 g of toluene, and stirred at 100°C for 10 hours. After that, a saturated aqueous solution of sodium bicarbonate was added to stop the reaction, and methylene chloride was added for extraction and the organic layer was separated. The resulting organic layer was washed with a saturated aqueous solution of sodium chloride and then with water. After drying with sodium sulfate, the solvent was distilled off, and the mixture was purified by column chromatography to obtain the onium salt compound (B-1) represented by the above formula (B-1) in good yield.
- Acid diffusion control agent D-1 to D-7 Compounds represented by the following formulas (D-1) to (D-7).
- a radiation-sensitive resin composition (J-1) was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of (A-1) as a resin [A], 12.0 parts by mass of (B-1) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator, 5.0 parts by mass of (D-1) as an acid diffusion controller, 5.0 parts by mass of (F) as a high fluorine content resin, and 3,400 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of (E-1)/(E-2)/(E-3) as a solvent, and filtering the mixture through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a composition for forming a lower anti-reflective coating (“ARC66” from Brewer Science) was applied onto a 12-inch silicon wafer using a spin coater ("CLEAN TRACK ACT12" from Tokyo Electron Co., Ltd.), and then heated at 205° C. for 60 seconds to form a lower anti-reflective coating having an average thickness of 100 nm.
- the positive radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF exposure prepared above was applied onto this lower anti-reflective coating using the spin coater, and PB (pre-baking) was performed at 100° C. for 60 seconds. Thereafter, the resist film was cooled at 23° C.
- PEB post-exposure bake
- the resist film was subjected to alkaline development using a 2.38 mass % TMAH aqueous solution as an alkaline developer, and after development, the resist film was washed with water and further dried to form a positive resist pattern (60 nm line and space pattern).
- sensitivity In forming a resist pattern using the positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF immersion exposure, the exposure dose required to form a 60 nm line-and-space pattern was determined as the optimum exposure dose, and this optimum exposure dose was determined as the sensitivity (mJ/ cm2 ). Sensitivity was evaluated as "good” when it was 35 mJ/ cm2 or less, and as “poor” when it exceeded 35 mJ/ cm2 .
- LWR performance A 60 nm line and space resist pattern was formed by irradiating the optimal exposure dose obtained by the above sensitivity evaluation. The formed resist pattern was observed from above the pattern using the above scanning electron microscope. A total of 500 points of line width variation were measured, and a 3 sigma value was obtained from the distribution of the measured values, and this 3 sigma value was taken as LWR (nm). The smaller the LWR value, the smaller the line roughness and the better it was. The LWR performance was evaluated as "good” when it was 3.5 nm or less, and as “poor” when it exceeded 3.5 nm.
- DOF performance According to the method for measuring sensitivity, a mask having dimensions such that the line width of the formed line and space pattern (1L1S) is 60 nm was used, and the range of depth of focus (DOF) in which the line width of the space of the formed line and space pattern is 50 nm to 70 nm was measured.
- the DOF performance was evaluated as "good” when it was 150 nm or more, and “poor” when it was less than 150 nm.
- the 60 nm line and space resist pattern formed by irradiating with the optimum exposure dose obtained in the above sensitivity evaluation was observed using the above scanning electron microscope, and the cross-sectional shape of the line and space pattern was evaluated.
- the rectangularity of the resist pattern was evaluated as "A” (very good) if the ratio of the length of the lower side to the length of the upper side in the cross-sectional shape was 1 or more and 1.05 or less, "B” (good) if it was more than 1.05 and 1.10 or less, and "C” (poor) if it was more than 1.10.
- a composition for forming a lower anti-reflective coating (“ARC29” from Brewer Science) was applied onto an 8-inch silicon wafer using a spin coater ("CLEAN TRACK ACT8" from Tokyo Electron Co., Ltd.), and then heated at 205° C. for 60 seconds to form a lower anti-reflective coating having an average thickness of 77 nm.
- the positive-type radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF-Dry exposure prepared above was applied onto this lower anti-reflective coating using the spin coater, and PB (pre-baking) was performed at 100° C. for 60 seconds. Thereafter, the resist film was cooled at 23° C.
- PEB post-exposure bake
- the resist film was subjected to alkaline development using a 2.38 mass % TMAH aqueous solution as an alkaline developer, and after development, the resist film was washed with water and further dried to form a positive resist pattern (90 nm line and space resist pattern).
- the exposure amount required to form a 90 nm line-and-space pattern was defined as the optimum exposure amount, and this optimum exposure amount was defined as the sensitivity (mJ/ cm2 ).
- the sensitivity was evaluated as "good” when it was 35 mJ/ cm2 or less, and as “poor” when it exceeded 35 mJ/ cm2 .
- LWR performance A 90 nm line and space resist pattern was formed by irradiating the optimal exposure dose obtained by the above sensitivity evaluation. The formed resist pattern was observed from above the pattern using the above scanning electron microscope. A total of 500 points of line width variation were measured, and a 3 sigma value was obtained from the distribution of the measured values, and this 3 sigma value was taken as LWR (nm). The smaller the LWR value, the smaller the line roughness and the better it was. The LWR performance was evaluated as "good” when it was 4.0 nm or less, and as “poor” when it exceeded 4.0 nm.
- DOF performance According to the method for measuring sensitivity, a mask having dimensions such that the line width of the formed line and space pattern (1L1S) is 90 nm was used, and the range of depth of focus (DOF) in which the line width of the space of the formed line and space pattern is 80 nm to 100 nm was measured.
- the DOF performance was evaluated as "good” when it was 150 nm or more, and “poor” when it was less than 150 nm.
- the 90 nm line and space resist pattern formed by irradiating with the optimum exposure dose obtained in the above sensitivity evaluation was observed using the above scanning electron microscope, and the cross-sectional shape of the line and space pattern was evaluated.
- the rectangularity of the resist pattern was evaluated as "A” (very good) if the ratio of the length of the lower side to the length of the upper side in the cross-sectional shape was 1 or more and 1.05 or less, "B” (good) if it was more than 1.05 and 1.10 or less, and "C” (poor) if it was more than 1.10.
- a radiation-sensitive resin composition (J-51) was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of (A-18) as a resin [A], 30.0 parts by mass of (B-1) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator, 20.0 parts by mass of (D-2) as an acid diffusion controller, [F] 3.0 parts by mass (solids content) of (F-5) as a high fluorine content resin, and 6,110 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of (E-1)/(E-4) as a solvent, and filtering the mixture through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a composition for forming a lower anti-reflective coating (“ARC66” by Brewer Science) was applied onto a 12-inch silicon wafer using a spin coater ("CLEAN TRACK ACT12" by Tokyo Electron Co., Ltd.), and then heated at 205° C. for 60 seconds to form a lower anti-reflective coating having an average thickness of 105 nm.
- the positive radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV exposure prepared above was applied onto this lower anti-reflective coating using the spin coater, and PB was performed at 130° C. for 60 seconds. Thereafter, the coating was cooled at 23° C.
- the resist patterns formed using the positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV exposure were evaluated for sensitivity, LWR performance, and pattern rectangularity according to the following methods. The results are shown in Table 9.
- the resist patterns were measured using a scanning electron microscope (Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation's "CG-5000").
- sensitivity In forming a resist pattern using the positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV exposure, the exposure dose required to form a 30 nm line-and-space pattern was determined as the optimum exposure dose, and this optimum exposure dose was determined as the sensitivity (mJ/ cm2 ). Sensitivity was evaluated as "good” when it was 40 mJ/ cm2 or less, and as “poor” when it exceeded 40 mJ/ cm2 .
- LWR performance A resist pattern was formed by adjusting the mask size so that the optimum exposure dose obtained in the above sensitivity evaluation was applied to form a 30 nm line and space pattern. The formed resist pattern was observed from above the pattern using the above scanning electron microscope. A total of 500 points of line width variation were measured, and a 3 sigma value was calculated from the distribution of the measured values, and this 3 sigma value was taken as LWR (nm). The smaller the LWR value, the smaller the line wobble and the better the result. The LWR performance was evaluated as "good” when it was 3.0 nm or less, and as “poor” when it exceeded 3.0 nm.
- the resist pattern of 30 nm lines and spaces formed by irradiating the optimum exposure dose obtained in the above sensitivity evaluation was observed using the above scanning electron microscope, and the cross-sectional shape of the line and space pattern was evaluated.
- the rectangularity of the resist pattern was evaluated as "A” (very good) if the ratio of the length of the lower side to the length of the upper side in the cross-sectional shape was 1 or more and 1.05 or less, "B” (good) if it was more than 1.05 and 1.10 or less, and "C” (poor) if it was more than 1.10.
- the radiation-sensitive resin compositions of the Examples had good sensitivity, LWR performance, and pattern rectangularity when used for EUV exposure, whereas the Comparative Examples were inferior in each characteristic to the Examples.
- a radiation-sensitive resin composition (J-61) was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of (A-1) as a resin [A], 8.0 parts by mass of (B-1) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator [B], 5.0 parts by mass of (D-5) as an acid diffusion controller [D], 2.0 parts by mass (solids content) of (F) as a high fluorine content resin [F-3], and 3,230 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of (E-1)/(E-2)/(E-3) (mass ratio 2,240/960/30) as a solvent [E], and filtering the mixture through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a composition for forming a bottom anti-reflective coating (Brewer Science's ARC66) was applied onto a 12-inch silicon wafer using a spin coater (Tokyo Electron Limited's CLEAN TRACK ACT12), and then heated at 205°C for 60 seconds to form a bottom anti-reflective coating with an average thickness of 100 nm.
- the negative-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF exposure (J-61) prepared above was applied onto this bottom anti-reflective coating using the spin coater, and a PB (pre-bake) was performed at 100°C for 60 seconds. The wafer was then cooled at 23°C for 30 seconds to form a resist film with an average thickness of 90 nm.
- ASML's "TWINSCAN XT-1900i” ArF excimer laser immersion exposure system
- NA 1.35
- the sensitivity of the resist pattern made using the negative-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF exposure was evaluated in the same manner as the evaluation of the resist pattern made using the positive-tone radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF exposure.
- the CDU performance and pattern circularity were evaluated according to the following methods.
- CDU performance The optimum exposure dose obtained in the above sensitivity evaluation was applied to form 50 nm holes and 100 nm pitch contact holes.
- the formed resist pattern was observed from above the pattern using the above scanning electron microscope.
- the variation in diameter of the contact holes was measured at a total of 500 points, and a 3 sigma value was obtained from the distribution of the measured values, and this 3 sigma value was taken as CDU (nm).
- the CDU performance was evaluated as "good” when it was less than 3.5 nm, and as "poor” when it was 3.5 nm or more.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition of Example 61 exhibited good sensitivity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity, even when a negative resist pattern was formed by ArF exposure.
- a radiation-sensitive resin composition (J-62) was prepared by mixing 100 parts by mass of (A-18) as a resin [A], 25.0 parts by mass of (B-9) as a radiation-sensitive acid generator [B], 10.0 parts by mass of (D-4) as an acid diffusion controller [D], 5.0 parts by mass (solids content) of (F-5) as a high fluorine content resin [F], and 6,110 parts by mass of a mixed solvent of (E-1)/(E-4) (mass ratio 4,280/1,830) as a solvent [E], and filtering the mixture through a membrane filter having a pore size of 0.2 ⁇ m.
- a composition for forming a bottom anti-reflective coating (Brewer Science's ARC66) was applied onto a 12-inch silicon wafer using a spin coater (Tokyo Electron Limited's CLEAN TRACK ACT12), and then heated at 205°C for 60 seconds to form a bottom anti-reflective coating with an average thickness of 105 nm.
- the negative radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV exposure (J-62) prepared above was applied onto this bottom anti-reflective coating using the spin coater, and PB was performed at 130°C for 60 seconds. After that, a resist film with an average thickness of 55 nm was formed by cooling at 23°C for 30 seconds.
- EUV exposure device ASML's NXE3300
- NA 0.33
- mask imecDEFECT32FFR15.
- PEB was performed at 120°C for 60 seconds.
- the resist film was then developed with n-butyl acetate as an organic solvent developer and dried to form a negative resist pattern (contact hole pattern with 20 nm holes and 40 nm pitch).
- the resist pattern using the negative-type radiation-sensitive resin composition for EUV exposure was evaluated in the same manner as the resist pattern using the negative-type radiation-sensitive resin composition for ArF exposure.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition of Example 62 had good sensitivity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity, even when a negative-type resist pattern was formed by EUV exposure.
- the radiation-sensitive resin composition, the pattern forming method, and the radiation-sensitive acid generator described above can form a resist pattern that has good sensitivity to exposure light and is excellent in LWR performance, DOF performance, pattern rectangularity, CDU performance, and pattern circularity. Therefore, these can be suitably used in the processing of semiconductor devices, which are expected to become even more miniaturized in the future.
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Abstract
Description
下記式(1)で表されるオニウム塩化合物(以下、「オニウム塩化合物(1)」ともいう。)と、
下記式(2)で表される構造単位(I)を含む樹脂と、
溶剤と
を含む、感放射線性樹脂組成物に関する。
R1、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~10の1価の有機基であるか、又はR1、R2及びR3のうちの2つ又は3つが互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数3~20の環状構造を含む1価又は2価の基を表す。R1、R2及びR3のうちの2つが上記環状構造を構成する場合、残りの1つは炭素数1~10の1価の有機基である。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、1価の炭化水素基又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。R4及びR5が複数存在する場合、複数のR4及びR5はそれぞれ同一又は異なる。
R6、R7及びR8は、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。
m1は、0~8の整数である。
Z+は、1価の感放射線性オニウムカチオンである。)
R9は、水素原子、フッ素原子、メチル基、又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
R10は、ラクトン構造、環状カーボネート構造及びスルトン構造からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の構造(以下、これらの環状構造をまとめて「環状極性構造」ともいう。)を含む1価の基である。)
当該感放射線性樹脂組成物を基板に直接又は間接に塗布してレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
上記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
露光された上記レジスト膜を現像液で現像する工程と
を含む、パターン形成方法に関する。
下記式(1)で表されるオニウム塩化合物からなる感放射線性酸発生剤に関する。
R1、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~10の1価の有機基であるか、又はR1、R2及びR3のうちの2つ又は3つが互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数3~20の環状構造を含む1価又は2価の基を表す。R1、R2及びR3のうちの2つが上記環状構造を構成する場合、残りの1つは炭素数1~10の1価の有機基である。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、1価の炭化水素基又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。R4及びR5が複数存在する場合、複数のR4及びR5はそれぞれ同一又は異なる。
R6、R7及びR8は、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。
m1は、0~8の整数である。
Z+は、1価の感放射線性オニウムカチオンである。)
本実施形態に係る感放射線性樹脂組成物(以下、単に「組成物」ともいう。)は、オニウム塩化合物(1)、構造単位(I)を含む樹脂及び溶剤を含む。さらに必要に応じて酸拡散制御剤を含む。上記組成物は、本発明の効果を損なわない限り、他の任意成分を含んでいてもよい。感放射線性樹脂組成物は、感放射線性酸発生剤としてのオニウム塩化合物(1)と環状極性構造を有する構造単位(I)を含む樹脂とを併せて含むことにより、当該感放射線性樹脂組成物のレジスト膜に高いレベルでの感度、LWR性能、DOF性能、パターン矩形性、CDU性能及びパターン円形性を付与することができる。
オニウム塩化合物(1)は、上記式(1)で表され、放射線の照射により酸を発生する感放射線性酸発生剤として機能する。露光により発生した酸は、樹脂における酸解離性基を解離させ、カルボキシ基等を発生させる機能を有する。
フラン、ピラン、ベンゾフラン、ベンゾピラン等の酸素原子含有芳香族複素環構造;
ピロール、イミダゾール、ピリジン、ピリミジン、ピラジン、インドール、キノリン、イソキノリン等の窒素原子含有芳香族複素環構造;
チオフェン等の硫黄原子含有芳香族複素環構造;
チアゾール、ベンゾチアゾール、チアジン、オキサジン等の複数のヘテロ原子を含有する芳香族複素環構造等が挙げられる。
オキシラン、テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン、ジオキソラン、ジオキサン等の酸素原子含有脂肪族複素環構造;
アジリジン、ピロリジン、ピペリジン、ピペラジン等の窒素原子含有脂肪族複素環構造;
チエタン、チオラン、チアン等の硫黄原子含有脂肪族複素環構造;
モルホリン、1,2-オキサチオラン、1,3-オキサチオラン等の複数のヘテロ原子を含有する脂肪族複素環構造等が挙げられる。
トリフルオロメチル基、2,2,2-トリフルオロエチル基、ペンタフルオロエチル基、2,2,3,3,3-ペンタフルオロプロピル基、1,1,1,3,3,3-ヘキサフルオロプロピル基、ヘプタフルオロn-プロピル基、ヘプタフルオロi-プロピル基、ノナフルオロn-ブチル基、ノナフルオロi-ブチル基、ノナフルオロt-ブチル基、2,2,3,3,4,4,5,5-オクタフルオロn-ペンチル基、トリデカフルオロn-ヘキシル基、5,5,5-トリフルオロ-1,1-ジエチルペンチル基等のフッ素化アルキル基;
トリフルオロエテニル基、ペンタフルオロプロペニル基等のフッ素化アルケニル基;
フルオロエチニル基、トリフルオロプロピニル基等のフッ素化アルキニル基などが挙げられる。
フルオロシクロペンチル基、ジフルオロシクロペンチル基、ノナフルオロシクロペンチル基、フルオロシクロヘキシル基、ジフルオロシクロヘキシル基、ウンデカフルオロシクロヘキシルメチル基、フルオロノルボルニル基、フルオロアダマンチル基、フルオロボルニル基、フルオロイソボルニル基、フルオロトリシクロデシル基等のフッ素化シクロアルキル基;
フルオロシクロペンテニル基、ノナフルオロシクロヘキセニル基等のフッ素化シクロアルケニル基などが挙げられる。
オニウム塩化合物(1)の合成方法として、上記式(1)中、R4及びR5がともに水素原子であり、R6、R7及びR8がともにフッ素原子であり、m1が2の場合を例にとって説明する。代表的なスキームを下記に示す。
樹脂は、上記式(2)で表される構造単位(I)を含む重合体の集合体である(以下、この樹脂を「ベース樹脂」ともいう。)。ベース樹脂は、構造単位(I)以外にも、後述する酸解離性基を有する構造単位(II)を含むことが好ましく、構造単位(I)及び(II)以外のその他の構造単位を含んでいてもよい。以下、各構造単位について説明する。
構造単位(I)は、上記式(2)で表され、ラクトン構造、環状カーボネート構造及びスルトン構造からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の構造を含む構造単位である。ベース樹脂は、構造単位(I)をさらに有することで、現像液への溶解性を調整することができ、その結果、当該感放射線性樹脂組成物は、解像性等のリソグラフィー性能を向上させることができる。また、ベース樹脂から形成されるレジストパターンと基板との密着性を向上させることができる。
RL1は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、メチル基又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
RL2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、アルコキシ基、(シクロ)アルコキシカルボニル基、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ジメチルアミノ基又はラクトン構造を含む基である。RL2が複数存在する場合、複数のRL2は同一又は異なる。
L1は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又は2価の連結基である。
X1は、それぞれ独立して、酸素原子又はメタンジイル基である。
d1は0~3の整数である。)
RL22は、水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、アルコキシ基、(シクロ)アルコキシカルボニル基、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基又はジメチルアミノ基である。RL22が複数存在する場合、複数のRL22は同一又は異なる。
nL1は、1~3の整数である。
nL2は、0~3の整数である。
*は、上記式(T-1-1)、(T-1-2)又は(T-1-3)における環構造との結合手である。)
RS1は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、メチル基又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
RS2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、アルコキシ基、(シクロ)アルコキシカルボニル基、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ジメチルアミノ基又はラクトン構造を含む基である。RS2が複数存在する場合、複数のRS2は同一又は異なる。
L2は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又は2価の連結基である。
X2は、それぞれ独立して、酸素原子又はメタンジイル基である。
d2は0~3の整数である。)
RT1は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、メチル基又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
RT2は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、炭素数1~4のアルキル基、シアノ基、トリフルオロメチル基、アルコキシ基、(シクロ)アルコキシカルボニル基、ヒドロキシ基、ヒドロキシアルキル基、ジメチルアミノ基又はラクトン構造を含む基である。RT2が複数存在する場合、複数のRT2は同一又は異なる。
L3は、それぞれ独立して、単結合又は2価の連結基である。
X3は、それぞれ独立して、酸素原子又はメタンジイル基である。
ntは1~3の整数である。
d3は0~3の整数である。)
構造単位(II)は、酸解離性基を含む構造単位である。「酸解離性基」とは、カルボキシ基、フェノール性水酸基、アルコール性水酸基、スルホ基等が有する水素原子を置換する基であって、酸の作用により解離する基をいう。当該感放射線性樹脂組成物は、樹脂が構造単位(II)を有することで、パターン形成性に優れる。
ベース樹脂は、上記構造単位(I)及び(II)以外にも、その他の構造単位を任意で有する。上記その他の構造単位としては、例えば、極性基を含む構造単位(III)等が挙げられる(但し、構造単位(I)に該当するものを除く)。ベース樹脂は、構造単位(III)をさらに有することで、現像液への溶解性を調整することができ、その結果、当該感放射線性樹脂組成物の解像性等のリソグラフィー性能を向上させることができる。上記極性基としては、例えば、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基、シアノ基、ニトロ基、スルホンアミド基等が挙げられる。これらの中で、ヒドロキシ基、カルボキシ基が好ましく、ヒドロキシ基がより好ましい。
ベース樹脂は、その他の構造単位として、上記極性基を有する構造単位(III)以外に、フェノール性水酸基を有する構造単位(以下、両者を合わせて「構造単位(IV)」ともいう。)を任意で有する。構造単位(IV)はエッチング耐性の向上と、露光部と未露光部との間の現像液溶解性の差(溶解コントラスト)の向上に寄与する。特に、電子線やEUVといった波長50nm以下の放射線による露光を用いるパターン形成に好適に適用することができる。この場合、樹脂は、構造単位(IV)とともに構造単位(I)を有することが好ましい。
ベース樹脂は、上記列挙した構造単位以外の構造単位として、下記式(6)で表される脂環構造を有する構造単位を含んでいてもよい。
ベース樹脂は、例えば、各構造単位を与える単量体を、ラジカル重合開始剤等を用い、適当な溶剤中で重合することにより合成できる。
n-ペンタン、n-ヘキサン、n-ヘプタン、n-オクタン、n-ノナン、n-デカン等のアルカン類;
シクロヘキサン、シクロヘプタン、シクロオクタン、デカリン、ノルボルナン等のシクロアルカン類;
ベンゼン、トルエン、キシレン、エチルベンゼン、クメン等の芳香族炭化水素類;
クロロブタン類、ブロモヘキサン類、ジクロロエタン類、ヘキサメチレンジブロミド、クロロベンゼン等のハロゲン化炭化水素類;
酢酸エチル、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸i-ブチル、プロピオン酸メチル等の飽和カルボン酸エステル類;
アセトン、2-ブタノン(メチルエチルケトン)、4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、2-ヘプタノン等のケトン類;
テトラヒドロフラン、ジメトキシエタン類、ジエトキシエタン類等のエーテル類;
メタノール、エタノール、1-プロパノール、2-プロパノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール等のアルコール類等が挙げられる。これらの重合に使用される溶剤は、1種単独で又は2種以上を併用してもよい。
カラム温度:40℃
溶出溶剤:テトラヒドロフラン
流速:1.0mL/分
試料濃度:1.0質量%
試料注入量:100μL
検出器:示差屈折計
標準物質:単分散ポリスチレン
本実施形態の感放射線性樹脂組成物は、他の樹脂として、上記ベース樹脂よりもフッ素原子の質量含有率が大きい樹脂(以下、「高フッ素含有量樹脂」ともいう。)を含んでいてもよい。当該感放射線性樹脂組成物が高フッ素含有量樹脂を含有する場合、上記ベース樹脂に対してレジスト膜の表層に偏在化させることができ、その結果、液浸露光時のレジスト膜の表面の撥水性を高めたり、EUV露光時のレジスト膜の表面改質や膜内組成の分布の制御を図ったりすることができる。
高フッ素含有量樹脂は、上記列挙した構造単位以外の構造単位として、上記ベース樹脂における構造単位(II)や構造単位(III)のほか、上記式(6)で表される脂環構造を有する構造単位を含んでいてもよい。
高フッ素含有量樹脂は、上述のベース樹脂の合成方法と同様の方法により合成することができる。
当該感放射線性樹脂組成物は、必要に応じて、酸拡散制御剤を含有してもよい。酸拡散制御剤は、露光によりオニウム塩化合物(1)から生じる酸のレジスト膜中における拡散現象を制御し、未露光部における好ましくない化学反応を抑制する効果を奏する。また、得られる感放射線性樹脂組成物の貯蔵安定性が向上する。さらに、レジストパターンの解像度がさらに向上すると共に、露光から現像処理までの引き置き時間の変動によるレジストパターンの線幅変化を抑えることができ、プロセス安定性に優れた感放射線性樹脂組成物が得られる。
本実施形態に係る感放射線性樹脂組成物は、溶剤を含有する。溶剤は、少なくともオニウム塩化合物(1)及び樹脂、並びに所望により含有される酸拡散制御剤等を溶解又は分散可能な溶剤であれば特に限定されない。
iso-プロパノール、4-メチル-2-ペンタノール、3-メトキシブタノール、n-ヘキサノール、2-エチルヘキサノール、フルフリルアルコール、シクロヘキサノール、3,3,5-トリメチルシクロヘキサノール、ジアセトンアルコール等の炭素数1~18のモノアルコール系溶剤;
エチレングリコール、1,2-プロピレングリコール、2-メチル-2,4-ペンタンジオール、2,5-ヘキサンジオール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール等の炭素数2~18の多価アルコール系溶剤;
上記多価アルコール系溶剤が有するヒドロキシ基の一部をエーテル化した多価アルコール部分エーテル系溶剤等が挙げられる。
ジエチルエーテル、ジプロピルエーテル、ジブチルエーテル等のジアルキルエーテル系溶剤;
テトラヒドロフラン、テトラヒドロピラン等の環状エーテル系溶剤;
ジフェニルエーテル、アニソール(メチルフェニルエーテル)等の芳香環含有エーテル系溶剤;
上記多価アルコール系溶剤が有するヒドロキシ基をエーテル化した多価アルコールエーテル系溶剤等が挙げられる。
シクロペンタノン、シクロヘキサノン、メチルシクロヘキサノン等の環状ケトン系溶剤:
2,4-ペンタンジオン、アセトニルアセトン、アセトフェノン等が挙げられる。
N-メチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジエチルホルムアミド、アセトアミド、N-メチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N-メチルプロピオンアミド等の鎖状アミド系溶剤等が挙げられる。
酢酸n-ブチル、乳酸エチル等のモノカルボン酸エステル系溶剤;
ジエチレングリコールモノ-n-ブチルエーテルアセテート、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート等の多価アルコール部分エーテルアセテート系溶剤;
γ-ブチロラクトン、バレロラクトン等のラクトン系溶剤;
ジエチルカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート等のカーボネート系溶剤;
ジ酢酸プロピレングリコール、酢酸メトキシトリグリコール、シュウ酸ジエチル、アセト酢酸エチル、フタル酸ジエチル等の多価カルボン酸ジエステル系溶剤が挙げられる。
n-ヘキサン、シクロヘキサン、メチルシクロヘキサン等の脂肪族炭化水素系溶剤;
ベンゼン、トルエン、ジ-iso-プロピルベンゼン、n-アミルナフタレン等の芳香族炭化水素系溶剤等が挙げられる。
上記感放射線性樹脂組成物は、上記成分以外にも、その他の任意成分を含有していてもよい。上記その他の任意成分としては、例えば、架橋剤、偏在化促進剤、界面活性剤、脂環式骨格含有化合物、増感剤等をあげることができる。これらのその他の任意成分は、それぞれ1種又は2種以上を併用してもよい。
上記感放射線性樹脂組成物は、例えば、オニウム塩化合物(1)、樹脂、及び必要に応じて、酸拡散制御剤、高フッ素含有量樹脂等、並びに溶剤を所定の割合で混合することにより調製できる。上記感放射線性樹脂組成物は、混合後に、例えば、孔径0.05μm~0.40μm程度のフィルター等でろ過することが好ましい。上記感放射線性樹脂組成物の固形分濃度としては、通常0.1質量%~50質量%であり、0.5質量%~30質量%が好ましく、1質量%~20質量%がより好ましい。
本発明の一実施形態に係るパターン形成方法は、
上記感放射線性樹脂組成物を基板に直接又は間接に塗布してレジスト膜を形成する工程(1)(以下、「レジスト膜形成工程」ともいう)と、
上記レジスト膜を露光する工程(2)(以下、「露光工程」ともいう)と、
露光された上記レジスト膜を現像する工程(3)(以下、「現像工程」ともいう)とを含む。
本工程(上記工程(1))では、上記感放射線性樹脂組成物でレジスト膜を形成する。このレジスト膜を形成する基板としては、例えば、シリコンウエハ、二酸化シリコン、アルミニウムで被覆されたウェハ等の従来公知のもの等を挙げることができる。また、例えば、特公平6-12452号公報や特開昭59-93448号公報等に開示されている有機系又は無機系の反射防止膜を基板上に形成してもよい。塗布方法としては、例えば、回転塗布(スピンコーティング)、流延塗布、ロール塗布等をあげることができる。塗布した後に、必要に応じて、塗膜中の溶剤を揮発させるため、プレベーク(PB)を行ってもよい。PB温度としては、通常60℃~140℃であり、80℃~130℃が好ましい。PB時間としては、通常5秒~600秒であり、10秒~300秒が好ましい。
本工程(上記工程(2))では、上記工程(1)であるレジスト膜形成工程で形成されたレジスト膜に、フォトマスクを介して(場合によっては、水等の液浸液を介して)、放射線を照射し、露光する。露光に用いる放射線としては、目的とするパターンの線幅に応じて、例えば、可視光線、紫外線、遠紫外線、EUV(極端紫外線)、X線、γ線等の電磁波;電子線、α線等の荷電粒子線などをあげることができる。これらの中でも、遠紫外線、電子線、EUVが好ましく、ArFエキシマレーザー光(波長193nm)、KrFエキシマレーザー光(波長248nm)、電子線、EUVがより好ましく、次世代露光技術として位置付けされる波長50nm以下の電子線、EUVがさらに好ましい。
本工程(上記工程(3))では、上記工程(2)である上記露光工程で露光されたレジスト膜を現像する。これにより、所定のレジストパターンを形成することができる。現像後は、水又はアルコール等のリンス液で洗浄し、乾燥することが一般的である。
本実施形態に係る感放射線性酸発生剤は、下記式(1)で表されるオニウム塩化合物からなる。
R1、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~10の1価の有機基であるか、又はR1、R2及びR3のうちの2つ又は3つが互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数3~20の環状構造を含む1価又は2価の基を表す。R1、R2及びR3のうちの2つが上記環状構造を構成する場合、残りの1つは炭素数1~10の1価の有機基である。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、1価の炭化水素基又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。R4及びR5が複数存在する場合、複数のR4及びR5はそれぞれ同一又は異なる。
R6、R7及びR8は、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。
m1は、0~8の整数である。
Z+は、1価の感放射線性オニウムカチオンである。)
樹脂のMw及びMnは、上述した条件により測定した。また、分散度(Mw/Mn)は、Mw及びMnの測定結果より算出した。
樹脂の13C-NMR分析は、核磁気共鳴装置(日本電子(株)の「JNM-Delta400」)を用いて行った。
各実施例及び各比較例における各樹脂の合成で用いた単量体を以下に示す。なお、以下の合成例においては特に断りのない限り、質量部は使用した単量体の合計質量を100質量部とした場合の値を意味し、モル%は使用した単量体の合計モル数を100モル%とした場合の値を意味する。
(樹脂(A-1)の合成)
単量体(M-1)、単量体(M-4)、単量体(M-6)、単量体(M-18)及び単量体(M-22)を、モル比率が40/10/20/20/10(モル%)となるよう2-ブタノン(200質量部)に溶解し、開始剤としてAIBN(アゾビスイソブチロニトリル)(使用した単量体の合計100モル%に対して6モル%)を添加して単量体溶液を調製した。反応容器に2-ブタノン(100質量部)を入れ、30分窒素パージした後、反応容器内を80℃とし、撹拌しながら上記単量体溶液を3時間かけて滴下した。滴下開始を重合反応の開始時間とし、重合反応を6時間実施した。重合反応終了後、重合溶液を水冷して30℃以下に冷却した。冷却した重合溶液をメタノール(2,000質量部)中に投入し、析出した白色粉末をろ別した。ろ別した白色粉末をメタノールで2回洗浄した後、ろ別し、50℃で24時間乾燥させて白色粉末状の樹脂(A-1)を得た(収率:80%)。樹脂(A-1)のMwは5,500であり、Mw/Mnは1.61であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、(M-1)、(M-4)、(M-6)、(M-18)及び(M-22)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ40.3モル%、7.8モル%、20.1モル%、19.8モル%及び12.0モル%であった。
(樹脂(A-2)~樹脂(A-17)の合成)
下記表1に示す種類及び配合割合の単量体を用いたこと以外は合成例1と同様にして、樹脂(A-2)~樹脂(A-17)を合成した。得られた樹脂の各構造単位の含有割合(モル%)及び物性値(Mw及びMw/Mn)を下記表1に併せて示す。なお、下記表1における「-」は、該当する単量体を使用しなかったことを示す(以降の表についても同様。)。
(樹脂(A-18)の合成)
単量体(M-1)、単量体(M-5)、及び単量体(M-20)を、モル比率が40/30/30(モル%)となるよう1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール(200質量部)に溶解し、開始剤としてAIBN(5モル%)を添加して単量体溶液を調製した。反応容器に1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール(100質量部)を入れ、30分窒素パージした後、反応容器内を80℃とし、撹拌しながら上記単量体溶液を3時間かけて滴下した。滴下開始を重合反応の開始時間とし、重合反応を6時間実施した。重合反応終了後、重合溶液を水冷して30℃以下に冷却した。冷却した重合溶液をヘキサン(2,000質量部)中に投入し、析出した白色粉末をろ別した。ろ別した白色粉末をヘキサンで2回洗浄した後、ろ別し、1-メトキシ-2-プロパノール(300質量部)に溶解した。次いで、メタノール(500質量部)、トリエチルアミン(50質量部)及び超純水(10質量部)を加え、撹拌しながら70℃で6時間加水分解反応を実施した。反応終了後、残溶媒を留去し、得られた固体をアセトン(100質量部)に溶解し、水(500質量部)の中に滴下して樹脂を凝固させた。得られた固体をろ別し、50℃で13時間乾燥させて白色粉末状の樹脂(A-18)を得た(収率:81%)。樹脂(A-18)のMwは5,500であり、Mw/Mnは1.59であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、(M-1)、(M-5)及び(M-20)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ40.5モル%、29.6モル%及び29.9モル%であった。
(樹脂(A-19)~樹脂(A-24)の合成)
下記表2に示す種類及び配合割合の単量体を用いたこと以外は合成例18と同様にして、樹脂(A-19)~樹脂(A-24)を合成した。なお、構造単位(IV)を与える単量体については、重合体において、13C-NMRの測定により、アセチル基のカルボニル基のピークが消失していることを確認し、実質的に全てのアルカリ解離性基が加水分解されてフェノール性水酸基となっていた。得られた樹脂の各構造単位の含有割合(モル%)及び物性値(Mw及びMw/Mn)を下記表2に併せて示す。
(高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-1)の合成)
単量体(M-2)、単量体(M-22)及び単量体(M-26)を、モル比率が20/10/70(モル%)となるよう2-ブタノン(200質量部)に溶解し、開始剤としてAIBN(3モル%)を添加して単量体溶液を調製した。反応容器に2-ブタノン(100質量部)を入れ、30分窒素パージした後、反応容器内を80℃とし、撹拌しながら上記単量体溶液を3時間かけて滴下した。滴下開始を重合反応の開始時間とし、重合反応を6時間実施した。重合反応終了後、重合溶液を水冷して30℃以下に冷却した。溶媒をアセトニトリル(400質量部)に置換した後、ヘキサン(100質量部)を加えて撹拌しアセトニトリル層を回収する作業を3回繰り返した。溶媒をプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテートに置換することで、高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-1)の溶液を得た(収率:73%)。高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-1)のMwは9,800であり、Mw/Mnは1.79であった。また、13C-NMR分析の結果、(M-2)、(M-22)及び(M-26)に由来する各構造単位の含有割合は、それぞれ18.3モル%、10.7モル%及び71.0モル%であった。
(高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-2)~高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-5)の合成)
下記表3に示す種類及び配合割合の単量体を用いたこと以外は合成例25と同様にして、高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-2)~高フッ素含有量樹脂(F-5)を合成した。得られた高フッ素含有量樹脂の各構造単位の含有割合(モル%)及び物性値(Mw及びMw/Mn)を下記表3に合わせて示す。
[実施例B1]
(オニウム塩化合物(B-1)の合成)
[B]感放射線性酸発生剤としてのオニウム塩化合物(B-1)を以下の合成スキームに従って合成した。
(オニウム塩化合物(B-2)~(B-14)の合成)
原料及び前駆体を適宜変更したこと以外は実施例B1と同様にして、下記式(B-2)~(B-14)で表される感放射線性酸発生剤としてのオニウム塩化合物を合成した。
b-1~b-11:下記式(b-1)~(b-11)で表される化合物(以下、式(b-1)~(b-11)で表される化合物をそれぞれ「化合物(b-1)」~「化合物(b-11)」と記載する場合がある。)
D-1~D-7:下記式(D-1)~式(D-7)で表される化合物。
E-1:酢酸プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル
E-2:シクロヘキサノン
E-3:γ-ブチロラクトン
E-4:乳酸エチル
[実施例1]
[A]樹脂としての(A-1)100質量部、[B]感放射線性酸発生剤としての(B-1)12.0質量部、[D]酸拡散制御剤としての(D-1)5.0質量部、[F]高フッ素含有量樹脂としての(F-1)5.0質量部(固形分)、及び[E]溶剤としての(E-1)/(E-2)/(E-3)の混合溶媒3,400質量部を混合し、孔径0.2μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過することにより、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-1)を調製した。
下記表4に示す種類及び含有量の各成分を用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-2)~(J-42)及び(CJ-1)~(CJ-10)を調製した。
12インチのシリコンウエハ上に、スピンコーター(東京エレクトロン(株)の「CLEAN TRACK ACT12」)を使用して、下層反射防止膜形成用組成物(ブルワーサイエンス社の「ARC66」)を塗布した後、205℃で60秒間加熱することにより平均厚さ100nmの下層反射防止膜を形成した。この下層反射防止膜上に上記スピンコーターを使用して上記調製したArF露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間PB(プレベーク)を行った。その後、23℃で30秒間冷却することにより、平均厚さ150nmのレジスト膜を形成した。次に、このレジスト膜に対し、ArFエキシマレーザー液浸露光装置(ASML社の「TWINSCAN XT-1900i」)を用い、NA=1.35、Dipole(σ=0.9/0.7)の光学条件にて、60nmラインアンドスペースのマスクパターンを介して露光した。露光後、100℃で60秒間PEB(ポストエクスポージャーベーク)を行った。その後、アルカリ現像液として2.38質量%のTMAH水溶液を用いて上記レジスト膜をアルカリ現像し、現像後に水で洗浄し、さらに乾燥させることでポジ型のレジストパターン(60nmラインアンドスペースパターン)を形成した。
上記ArF液浸露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成したレジストパターンについて、感度、LWR性能、DOF性能及びパターン矩形性を下記方法に従って評価した。その結果を下記表5に示す。なお、レジストパターンの測長には、走査型電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテクノロジーズ(株)の「CG-5000」)を用いた。結果を下記表5に示す。
上記ArF液浸露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いたレジストパターンの形成において、60nmラインアンドスペースパターンを形成する露光量を最適露光量とし、この最適露光量を感度(mJ/cm2)とした。感度は、35mJ/cm2以下の場合は「良好」と、35mJ/cm2を超える場合は「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して60nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンを形成した。形成したレジストパターンを、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用い、パターン上部から観察した。線幅のばらつきを計500点測定し、その測定値の分布から3シグマ値を求め、この3シグマ値をLWR(nm)とした。LWRは、その値が小さいほど、ラインのラフネスが小さく良好であることを示す。LWR性能は、3.5nm以下の場合は「良好」と、3.5nmを超える場合は「不良」と評価した。
感度の測定に記載の方法に準じて、形成されるラインアンドスペースパターン(1L1S)の線幅が60nmとなるような寸法のマスクを用い、上記のとおり形成されるラインアンドスペースパターンのスペースの線幅が50nm以上70nm以下である焦点深度(DOF)の範囲を測定した。DOF性能は、150nm以上の場合を「良好」、150nmを下回る場合を「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して形成された60nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンについて、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察し、当該ラインアンドスペースパターンの断面形状を評価した。レジストパターンの矩形性は、断面形状における下辺の長さの上辺の長さに対する比が、1以上1.05以下であれば「A」(極めて良好)、1.05超1.10以下であれば「B」(良好)、1.10超であれば「C」(不良)と評価した。
[実施例43]
[A]樹脂としての(A-1)100質量部、[B]感放射線性酸発生剤としての(B-1)10.0質量部、[D]酸拡散制御剤としての(D-6)3.0質量部、及び[E]溶剤としての(E-1)/(E-2)/(E-3)の混合溶媒3,230質量部を混合し、孔径0.2μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過することにより、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-43)を調製した。
下記表6に示す種類及び含有量の各成分を用いたこと以外は実施例43と同様にして、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-44)~(J-50)及び(CJ-11)~(CJ-12)を調製した。
8インチのシリコンウエハ上に、スピンコーター(東京エレクトロン(株)の「CLEAN TRACK ACT8」)を使用して、下層反射防止膜形成用組成物(ブルワーサイエンス社の「ARC29」)を塗布した後、205℃で60秒間加熱することにより平均厚さ77nmの下層反射防止膜を形成した。この下層反射防止膜上に上記スピンコーターを使用して上記調製したArF-Dry露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を塗布し、100℃で60秒間PB(プレベーク)を行った。その後、23℃で30秒間冷却することにより、平均厚さ300nmのレジスト膜を形成した。次に、このレジスト膜に対し、ArFエキシマレーザー露光装置(ニコン社の「S306C」)を用い、NA=0.75、Annular(σ=0.8/0.6)の光学条件にて、線幅90nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンを形成した。露光後、100℃で60秒間PEB(ポストエクスポージャーベーク)を行った。その後、アルカリ現像液として2.38質量%のTMAH水溶液を用いて上記レジスト膜をアルカリ現像し、現像後に水で洗浄し、さらに乾燥させることでポジ型のレジストパターン(90nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターン)を形成した。
上記ArF-Dry露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成したレジストパターンについて、感度、LWR性能、DOF性能、パターン矩形性を下記方法に従って評価した。その結果を下記表7に示す。なお、レジストパターンの測長には、走査型電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテクノロジーズ(株)の「S-9380」)を用いた。
上記ArF-Dry露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いたレジストパターンの形成において、90nmラインアンドスペースパターンを形成する露光量を最適露光量とし、この最適露光量を感度(mJ/cm2)とした。感度は、35mJ/cm2以下の場合は「良好」と、35mJ/cm2を超える場合は「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して90nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンを形成した。形成したレジストパターンを、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用い、パターン上部から観察した。線幅のばらつきを計500点測定し、その測定値の分布から3シグマ値を求め、この3シグマ値をLWR(nm)とした。LWRは、その値が小さいほど、ラインのラフネスが小さく良好であることを示す。LWR性能は、4.0nm以下の場合は「良好」と、4.0nmを超える場合は「不良」と評価した。
感度の測定に記載の方法に準じて、形成されるラインアンドスペースパターン(1L1S)の線幅が90nmとなるような寸法のマスクを用い、上記のとおり形成されるラインアンドスペースパターンのスペースの線幅が80nm以上100nm以下である焦点深度(DOF)の範囲を測定した。DOF性能は、150nm以上の場合を「良好」、150nmを下回る場合を「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して形成された90nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンについて、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察し、当該ラインアンドスペースパターンの断面形状を評価した。レジストパターンの矩形性は、断面形状における下辺の長さの上辺の長さに対する比が、1以上1.05以下であれば「A」(極めて良好)、1.05超1.10以下であれば「B」(良好)、1.10超であれば「C」(不良)と評価した。
[実施例51]
[A]樹脂としての(A-18)100質量部、[B]感放射線性酸発生剤としての(B-1)30.0質量部、[D]酸拡散制御剤としての(D-2)20.0質量部、[F]高フッ素含有量樹脂としての(F-5)3.0質量部(固形分)、[E]溶剤としての(E-1)/(E-4)の混合溶媒6,110質量部を混合し、孔径0.2μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過することにより、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-51)を調製した。
下記表8に示す種類及び含有量の各成分を用いたこと以外は実施例51と同様にして、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-52)~(J-60)及び(CJ-13)~(CJ-14)を調製した。
12インチのシリコンウエハ上に、スピンコーター(東京エレクトロン(株)の「CLEAN TRACK ACT12」)を使用して、下層反射防止膜形成用組成物(ブルワーサイエンス社の「ARC66」)を塗布した後、205℃で60秒間加熱することにより平均厚さ105nmの下層反射防止膜を形成した。この下層反射防止膜上に上記スピンコーターを使用して上記調製したEUV露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を塗布し、130℃で60秒間PBを行った。その後、23℃で30秒間冷却することにより、平均厚さ60nmのレジスト膜を形成した。次に、このレジスト膜に対し、EUV露光装置(ASML社の「NXE3300」)を用い、NA=0.33、照明条件:Conventional s=0.89、マスク:imecDEFECT32FFR02にて露光した。露光後、120℃で60秒間PEBを行った。その後、アルカリ現像液として2.38質量%のTMAH水溶液を用いて上記レジスト膜をアルカリ現像し、現像後に水で洗浄し、さらに乾燥させることでポジ型のレジストパターン(30nmラインアンドスペースパターン)を形成した。
上記EUV露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いて形成したレジストパターンについて、感度、LWR性能及びパターン矩形性を下記方法に従って評価した。その結果を下記表9に示す。なお、レジストパターンの測長には、走査型電子顕微鏡(日立ハイテクノロジーズ(株)の「CG-5000」)を用いた。
上記EUV露光用ポジ型感放射線性樹脂組成物を用いたレジストパターンの形成において、30nmラインアンドスペースパターンを形成する露光量を最適露光量とし、この最適露光量を感度(mJ/cm2)とした。感度は、40mJ/cm2以下の場合は「良好」と、40mJ/cm2を超える場合は「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して30nmラインアンドスペースのパターンを形成するようにマスクサイズを調整して、レジストパターンを形成した。形成したレジストパターンを、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用い、パターン上部から観察した。線幅のばらつきを計500点測定し、その測定値の分布から3シグマ値を求め、この3シグマ値をLWR(nm)とした。LWRは、その値が小さいほど、ラインのがたつきが小さく良好であることを示す。LWR性能は、3.0nm以下の場合は「良好」と、3.0nmを超える場合は「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して形成された30nmラインアンドスペースのレジストパターンについて、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて観察し、当該ラインアンドスペースパターンの断面形状を評価した。レジストパターンの矩形性は、断面形状における下辺の長さの上辺の長さに対する比が、1以上1.05以下であれば「A」(極めて良好)、1.05超1.10以下であれば「B」(良好)、1.10超であれば「C」(不良)と評価した。
[実施例61]
[A]樹脂としての(A-1)100質量部、[B]感放射線性酸発生剤としての(B-1)8.0質量部、[D]酸拡散制御剤としての(D-5)5.0質量部、[F]高フッ素含有量樹脂としての(F-3)2.0質量部(固形分)、及び[E]溶剤としての(E-1)/(E-2)/(E-3)(質量比2,240/960/30)の混合溶媒3,230質量部を混合し、孔径0.2μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過することにより、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-61)を調製した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して50nmホール、100nmピッチのコンタクトホールを形成した。形成したレジストパターンを、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用い、パターン上部から観察した。コンタクトホールの直径のばらつきを計500点測定し、その測定値の分布から3シグマ値を求め、この3シグマ値をCDU(nm)とした。CDUは、その値が小さいほど、ホールのラフネスが小さく良好であることを示す。CDU性能は、3.5nm未満の場合は「良好」と、3.5nm以上場合は「不良」と評価した。
上記感度の評価で求めた最適露光量を照射して形成された50nmホール、100nmピッチのコンタクトホールについて、上記走査型電子顕微鏡を用いて平面視にて観察し、縦方向のサイズと横方向のサイズをそれぞれ測定した。縦方向のサイズ/横方向のサイズの比が0.95以上1.05未満であれば「A」(極めて良好)、0.90以上0.95未満、もしくは1.05以上1.10未満であれば「B」(良好)、0.90未満、もしくは1.10以上であれば「C」(不良)と評価した。
[実施例62]
[A]樹脂としての(A-18)100質量部、[B]感放射線性酸発生剤としての(B-9)25.0質量部、[D]酸拡散制御剤としての(D-4)10.0質量部、[F]高フッ素含有量樹脂としての(F-5)5.0質量部(固形分)、及び[E]溶剤としての(E-1)/(E-4)の混合溶媒6,110質量部(質量比4,280/1,830)を混合し、孔径0.2μmのメンブランフィルターで濾過することにより、感放射線性樹脂組成物(J-62)を調製した。
Claims (17)
- 下記式(1)で表されるオニウム塩化合物と、
下記式(2)で表される構造単位(I)を含む樹脂と、
溶剤と
を含む、感放射線性樹脂組成物。
(式(1)中、
R1、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~10の1価の有機基であるか、又はR1、R2及びR3のうちの2つ又は3つが互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数3~20の環状構造を含む1価又は2価の基を表す。R1、R2及びR3のうちの2つが上記環状構造を構成する場合、残りの1つは炭素数1~10の1価の有機基である。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、1価の炭化水素基又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。R4及びR5が複数存在する場合、複数のR4及びR5はそれぞれ同一又は異なる。
R6、R7及びR8は、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。
m1は、0~8の整数である。
Z+は、1価の感放射線性オニウムカチオンである。)
(式(2)中、
R9は、水素原子、フッ素原子、メチル基、又はトリフルオロメチル基である。
R10は、ラクトン構造、環状カーボネート構造及びスルトン構造からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも一種の構造を含む1価の基である。) - 上記式(1)中、R1、R2及びR3は、炭素数1~10の置換又は非置換の1価の鎖状炭化水素基である、請求項1に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(1)中、R1、R2及びR3のうち2つは、炭素数1~10の置換又は非置換の1価の鎖状炭化水素基であり、残りの1つは、環状炭化水素構造を含む炭素数3~10の1価の有機基である、請求項1に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(1)中、R1、R2及びR3のうちの2つは互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数5~20の2価の脂環式炭化水素基であり、残り1つは炭素数1~10の置換又は非置換の1価の鎖状炭化水素基であるか、又はR1、R2及びR3は、互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数6~20の1価の脂環式炭化水素基である、請求項1に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(1)中、R6、R7及びR8は、全てフッ素原子である、請求項1に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(1)中、m1は1~4の整数である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(1)中、上記1価の感放射線性オニウムカチオンが、スルホニウムカチオン又はヨードニウムカチオンである、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記オニウム塩化合物の含有量は、上記樹脂100質量部に対して0.1質量部以上50質量部以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(2)中、R10は、多環ラクトン構造、多環カーボネート構造又は多環スルトン構造である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記式(2)中、R10における上記多環ラクトン構造は、ノルボルナンラクトン構造又はアダマンタンラクトン構造である、請求項9に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記樹脂を構成する全構造単位に占める上記構造単位(I)の含有割合が、1モル%以上80モル%以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 上記樹脂は、酸解離性基を有する構造単位(II)をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 酸拡散制御剤をさらに含む、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の感放射線性樹脂組成物を基板に直接又は間接に塗布してレジスト膜を形成する工程と、
上記レジスト膜を露光する工程と、
露光された上記レジスト膜を現像液で現像する工程と
を含む、パターン形成方法。 - 上記露光をArFエキシマレーザー又は極端紫外線により行う、請求項15に記載のパターン形成方法。
- 下記式(1)で表されるオニウム塩化合物からなる感放射線性酸発生剤。
(式(1)中、
R1、R2及びR3は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数1~10の1価の有機基であるか、又はR1、R2及びR3のうちの2つ又は3つが互いに合わせられこれらが結合する炭素原子と共に構成される炭素数3~20の環状構造を含む1価又は2価の基を表す。R1、R2及びR3のうちの2つが上記環状構造を構成する場合、残りの1つは炭素数1~10の1価の有機基である。
R4及びR5は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、フッ素原子、1価の炭化水素基又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。R4及びR5が複数存在する場合、複数のR4及びR5はそれぞれ同一又は異なる。
R6、R7及びR8は、それぞれ独立して、フッ素原子又は1価のフッ素化炭化水素基である。
m1は、0~8の整数である。
Z+は、1価の感放射線性オニウムカチオンである。)
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| PCT/JP2023/034717 Ceased WO2024116577A1 (ja) | 2022-11-30 | 2023-09-25 | 感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法及び感放射線性酸発生剤 |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250271762A1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2024116577A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR20250110224A (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN119768740A (ja) |
| TW (1) | TW202423896A (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2024116577A1 (ja) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN118707807A (zh) * | 2024-08-29 | 2024-09-27 | 珠海基石科技有限公司 | 图案化组合物、图案化薄膜、图案化基底、半导体器件及其制造方法 |
| WO2025254025A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-07 | 2025-12-11 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | パターン形成方法、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017169626A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
-
2023
- 2023-09-25 CN CN202380061793.5A patent/CN119768740A/zh active Pending
- 2023-09-25 JP JP2024561204A patent/JPWO2024116577A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-09-25 WO PCT/JP2023/034717 patent/WO2024116577A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-25 KR KR1020257015760A patent/KR20250110224A/ko active Pending
- 2023-10-18 TW TW112139690A patent/TW202423896A/zh unknown
-
2025
- 2025-05-13 US US19/206,185 patent/US20250271762A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2017169626A1 (ja) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、パターン形成方法、及び、電子デバイスの製造方法 |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025254025A1 (ja) * | 2024-06-07 | 2025-12-11 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | パターン形成方法、感活性光線性又は感放射線性樹脂組成物、及び電子デバイスの製造方法 |
| CN118707807A (zh) * | 2024-08-29 | 2024-09-27 | 珠海基石科技有限公司 | 图案化组合物、图案化薄膜、图案化基底、半导体器件及其制造方法 |
| CN118707807B (zh) * | 2024-08-29 | 2024-12-10 | 珠海基石科技有限公司 | 图案化组合物、图案化薄膜、图案化基底、半导体器件及其制造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TW202423896A (zh) | 2024-06-16 |
| KR20250110224A (ko) | 2025-07-18 |
| US20250271762A1 (en) | 2025-08-28 |
| CN119768740A (zh) | 2025-04-04 |
| JPWO2024116577A1 (ja) | 2024-06-06 |
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