WO2024038760A1 - 太陽電池素子コーティング組成物ならびに太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池素子コーティング組成物ならびに太陽電池モジュールおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/70—Siloxanes defined by use of the MDTQ nomenclature
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- C09D183/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon, with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D183/04—Polysiloxanes
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- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
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- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
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- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
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- C08K5/54—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K5/541—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen
- C08K5/5415—Silicon-containing compounds containing oxygen containing at least one Si—O bond
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- Y02E10/549—Organic PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a solar cell element coating composition, a solar cell module, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- Perovskite solar cells can be manufactured at a lower cost than crystalline silicon solar cells and have high power generation efficiency.
- a perovskite solar cell element is obtained by sequentially laminating a light-transmitting substrate or a light-transmitting film, a transparent conductive film, an electron transport layer, a power generation layer, a hole transport layer, and a back electrode from the light-receiving surface side.
- a structure is being considered in which a sealing material is applied to the further back side of the back electrode and the backmost side is sealed with a substrate, film, or the like.
- Various proposals have been made, such as a structure in which glass or the like is used for the light-transmitting substrate on the light-receiving surface side and a substrate on the rearmost side, and a flexible structure in which a light-transmissive film is used on the light-receiving surface side and a film is used on the rearmost side.
- perovskite compounds are sensitive to water vapor, and solar cells are exposed to harsh outdoor environments for long periods of time, so perovskite solar cell modules are required to block water vapor at a high level.
- Patent Document 1 introduces a three-layer barrier coating technology containing silicon, oxygen, and carbon.
- a water vapor barrier film with flexibility and mechanical strength is formed using a plasma chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method, but the plasma CVD method is formed under a vacuum using a CVD device.
- CVD plasma chemical vapor deposition
- the device since the device must be placed in a vacuum chamber and processed in a vacuum environment, it is difficult to increase the size of the device. Furthermore, since the process of vacuuming and opening to the atmosphere is involved, process complexity and cost increases are unavoidable.
- Patent Document 2 introduces a technique for forming a ZnO--SiO 2 --Al 2 O 3 film by direct current (DC) sputtering.
- the DC sputtering method similarly requires a vacuum environment and has similar problems in terms of process complexity.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and can be applied directly onto solar cell elements in organic thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, etc., cures under atmospheric pressure, and forms a water vapor barrier.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a solar cell element coating composition that forms a protective film with high properties.
- the present inventors found that the following solar cell element coating composition can be applied directly onto solar cell elements, cures under atmospheric pressure, and has a water vapor barrier.
- the present invention was completed based on the discovery that a protective film with high properties can be provided.
- a is an integer from 1 to 100
- b is an integer from 0 to 1,000
- a/(a+b) is a number from 0.01 to 1.0.
- B an organosilicon compound having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in one molecule
- C a solar cell element coating composition containing a platinum group metal catalyst activated by light with a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm; 2.
- the solar cell element coating composition according to 1 or 2 wherein the component (C) contains a ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) trialiphatic platinum compound or a bis( ⁇ -diketonato) platinum compound, 4.
- a solar cell module comprising a solar cell element and a water vapor barrier layer made of a cured product of the solar cell element coating composition according to any one of 1 to 3, 5.
- the solar cell module according to 4, wherein the solar cell element is an organic thin film type or perovskite type solar cell element. 6.
- the solar cell element coating composition according to any one of 1 to 3 is brought into contact with the solar cell element directly or through at least one other layer, and after irradiation with light at a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm under atmospheric pressure, A method for manufacturing a solar cell module is provided, which includes a step of curing by heating.
- the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention can be directly applied onto a solar cell element, and is cured under atmospheric pressure to provide a cured product with high water vapor barrier properties.
- the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention having such characteristics is useful as a protective film for organic thin film solar cells, perovskite solar cells, and the like.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing an example of a perovskite solar cell module according to the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing a perovskite solar cell produced in an example.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic vertical cross-sectional view showing a perovskite solar cell module produced in an example.
- Coating composition (1) (A) component
- the (A) component in the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention is an organopolysiloxane represented by the following average unit formula (1). (R 1 R 3 2 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (Ar 2 SiO 2/2 ) a (R 2 2 SiO 2/2 ) b (1)
- R 1 is each independently an alkenyl group
- R 2 is each independently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group
- R 3 is each independently substituted or unsubstituted. is a monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group, or a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group
- each Ar is independently a substituted or unsubstituted aryl group.
- the alkenyl group for R 1 preferably has 2 to 10 carbon atoms, more preferably 2 to 6 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include vinyl, allyl, butenyl, pentenyl, and hexenyl groups, with vinyl group being particularly preferred.
- the R 2 monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and has a linear , branched or cyclic. Specific examples thereof include linear or branched alkyl groups such as methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, n-hexyl, and n-heptyl groups; Examples include cycloalkyl groups such as cyclohexyl groups.
- halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc.
- halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, bromine, etc.
- Specific examples include chloromethyl, 3-chloropropyl, 3,3 , and halogenated alkyl groups such as 3-trifluoropropyl group.
- methyl group is preferred from the viewpoint of heat resistance.
- the R 3 monovalent saturated hydrocarbon group preferably has 1 to 12 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 to 6 carbon atoms, even more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and has a linear , branched, or cyclic, and specific examples thereof include the same groups as exemplified for R 2 .
- the aryl group for R 3 preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples include phenyl, naphthyl, tolyl, xylyl, mesityl, and the like.
- examples thereof include halogen-substituted aryl groups such as chlorophenyl groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of these groups are substituted with halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, and bromine.
- halogen-substituted aryl groups such as chlorophenyl groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of these groups are substituted with halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, and bromine.
- halogen-substituted aryl groups such as chlorophenyl groups in which some or all of the hydrogen atoms of these groups are substituted with halogen atoms such as chlorine, fluorine, and bromine.
- methyl group or phenyl group is preferred.
- the aryl group of Ar preferably has 6 to 20 carbon atoms, more preferably 6 to 10 carbon atoms. Specific examples include the same groups as those exemplified for R 3 , with phenyl being preferred.
- the content of methyl groups is preferably 20 to 99 mol %, more preferably 40 to 99 mol %. It is mol%, particularly preferably 60 to 95 mol%. Within this range, a cured product with excellent heat resistance can be obtained.
- a is an integer of 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 50, more preferably 20 to 40, and b is an integer of 0 to 1,000, preferably 1 to 1,000. is an integer of 1 to 500, more preferably 100 to 400, and a/(a+b) is a number of 0.01 to 1.0, preferably 0.01 to 0. .4, more preferably 0.05 to 0.3.
- the molecular weight of component (A) is not particularly limited, but the weight average molecular weight (Mw) in terms of standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) using THF solvent is preferably 500 to 100,000, more preferably 700. 50,000, particularly preferably 1,000 to 30,000.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- component (A) examples include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formulas.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group
- Vi represents a vinyl group (the same applies hereinafter).
- Component (A) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- Component (B) in the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention is an organosilicon compound having in one molecule at least two hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms.
- the SiH group in component (B) is added to the addition-reactive carbon-carbon double bond in component (A) through a hydrosilylation reaction to give a cured product with a three-dimensional network structure.
- component (B) for example, the following (i) to (iii) can be used.
- R 4 is each independently a substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon group other than an alkenyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, especially 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and c and d are 0.7 ⁇ c The number satisfies ⁇ 2.1, 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 1, and 0.8 ⁇ c+d ⁇ 2.7.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms as R 4 may be linear, branched, or cyclic, and specific examples include methyl, Alkyl groups such as ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert-butyl, n-pentyl, isopentyl, n-hexyl, sec-hexyl; cycloalkyl groups such as cyclopentyl, cyclohexyl; phenyl, o-, m Aryl groups such as -, p-tolyl; aralkyl groups such as benzyl and 2-phenylethyl; and one or more hydrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms in these groups such as halogen atoms, cyano, epoxy ring-containing groups, etc.
- Alkyl groups such as ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, tert
- halogenated alkyl groups such as chloromethyl, 3-chloropropyl, and 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl; 2-cyanoethyl group; 3-glycidoxypropyl group and the like are exemplified.
- methyl group or phenyl group is particularly preferred because they are easy to produce industrially and are readily available.
- c is a number satisfying 0.7 ⁇ c ⁇ 2.1, preferably 1 ⁇ c ⁇ 1.8.
- d is a number satisfying 0.01 ⁇ d ⁇ 1, preferably 0.02 ⁇ d ⁇ 1, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ d ⁇ 1.
- c+d is a number satisfying 0.8 ⁇ c+d ⁇ 2.7, preferably 1 ⁇ c+d ⁇ 2.4, more preferably 1.6 ⁇ c+d ⁇ 2.2.
- the kinematic viscosity of component (i) is not particularly limited, but the kinematic viscosity at 23°C measured by an Ostwald viscometer is preferably 0.1 to 100,000 mm 2 /s, more preferably 0.5 to 500 mm 2 /s. be.
- component (i) include, but are not limited to, those represented by the following formulas. (Me 3 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (HMeSiO 2/2 ) 45 (Me 2 SiO 2/2 ) 17 (HMe 2 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (HMeSiO 2/2 ) 2 (Ph 2 SiO 2/2 ) 2
- Z is a group represented by the following structural formula (5), (6) or (7) or a group represented by the following structural formula (10), and Z' is a group represented by the following structural formula (8).
- it is a group represented by (9) or a group represented by the following structural formula (11).
- s is an integer of 0 to 100, preferably 1 to 10;
- t is an integer of 1 to 100, preferably 1 to 20;
- q and r are each independently an integer of 0 to 3; , the sum of q and r in each cyclic siloxane moiety is independently 2 or 3.
- the viscosity of component (ii) is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 10 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, more preferably 100 to 10,000 mPa ⁇ s at 25°C using a rotational viscometer.
- the compound represented by formula (3) or (4) is composed of 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene and/or diallylbisphenol A represented by the following structural formula (12), and the following formula: It can be obtained by carrying out an addition reaction with a cyclic siloxane represented by (13) in the presence of a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst.
- the compound represented by the following structural formula (12) may have a single structure or may be a mixture of two or more isomers.
- hydrosilylation reaction catalyst known ones can be used.
- platinum-based catalysts platinum-based catalysts
- palladium-based catalysts platinum group metal-based catalysts such as rhodium-based catalysts.
- the addition reaction conditions, the use of a solvent, etc. are not particularly limited, and may be carried out under known conditions.
- the amount of diallylbisphenol A and the cyclic siloxane represented by the above formula (13) to be used is the amount of the cyclic siloxane represented by the above formula (13) relative to the number of moles of allyl group contained in diallybisphenol A.
- the amount used is preferably 1.05 times the number of moles of 5-vinylbicyclo[2.2.1]hept-2-ene.
- the amount is preferably such that the number of moles of the cyclic siloxane represented by the above formula (13) is 1.05 times the number of moles of the olefin contained in -2-ene.
- the kinematic viscosity of component (iii) is not particularly limited, but the kinematic viscosity at 23°C measured by an Ostwald viscometer is preferably 0.1 to 100,000 mm 2 /s, more preferably 0.5 to 500 mm 2 /s. be.
- Component (B) of the present invention can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of component (B) to be blended is not particularly limited, but the amount of hydrogen atoms bonded to silicon atoms per mole of addition-reactive carbon-carbon double bonds of component (A) in the composition of the present invention is 0.
- the amount is preferably 5 to 2.0 mol, more preferably 0.8 to 1.5 mol.
- Component (C) The platinum group metal catalyst for the hydrosilylation reaction of component (C) is inactive under light shielding and can be transformed into an active platinum catalyst by irradiation with light with a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm. It is a catalyst for promoting the hydrosilylation reaction between the addition-reactive carbon-carbon double bond in component (A) and the silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in component (B).
- component (C) examples include ( ⁇ 5 -cyclopentadienyl) trialiphatic platinum compounds and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred among these are cyclopentadienyltrimethylplatinum complexes, methylcyclopentadienyltrimethylplatinum complexes, and cyclopentadienyl group-modified derivatives thereof. Furthermore, bis( ⁇ -diketonato)platinum compounds are also mentioned as suitable examples of component (C), and among these, particularly preferred are bis(acetylacetonato)platinum compounds and derivatives thereof modified with an acetylacetonato group. It is.
- the amount of component (C) is not limited as long as it promotes curing (hydrosilylation reaction) of the composition, and is based on the total mass of components (A) and (B) of the composition.
- the amount of platinum group metal atoms in this component is preferably 0.01 to 500 ppm, more preferably 0.05 to 100 ppm, even more preferably 0.01 to 50 ppm.
- the above component (C) may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a reaction control agent as component (D) may be added as necessary.
- Specific examples include 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 1-ethynylcyclohexanol, Ethynylmethyldecylcarbinol, 3-methyl-3-trimethylsiloxy-1-butyne, 3-methyl-3-trimethylsiloxy-1-pentyne, 3,5-dimethyl-3-trimethylsiloxy-1-hexyne, 1-ethynyl -1-trimethylsiloxycyclohexane, bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-butynoxy)dimethylsilane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclo
- 1-ethynylcyclohexanol ethynylmethyldecylcarbinol
- 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol preferred are 1-ethynylcyclohexanol, ethynylmethyldecylcarbinol, 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol, and bis(2,2-dimethyl-3-butynoxy)dimethylsilane.
- the blending amount is preferably 0.01 to 2.0 parts by mass, more preferably 0.01 to 2.0 parts by mass, based on a total of 100 parts by mass of components (A) and (B). It is 0.1 part by mass. Within this range, the effect of reaction control is fully exhibited.
- the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention may contain the following components as long as they do not impair the purpose of the present invention. It may also contain other exemplified components.
- an adhesion-imparting agent having a functional group group consisting of one or more alkenyl groups, (meth)acrylic groups, carbonyl groups, epoxy groups, alkoxysilyl groups, and amide groups in one molecule; thixotropic properties such as fumed silica Control agents; reinforcing agents such as crystalline silica; antioxidants such as hindered phenols and hindered amines; light stabilizers; heat resistance improvers such as metal oxides and metal hydroxides; coloring agents such as titanium oxide; alumina, crystals fillers that impart thermal conductivity such as reactive silica; viscosity modifiers such as non-reactive silicone oil that does not have reactive functional groups; conductivity imparting agents such as metal powders such as silver and gold; pigments and dyes for coloring. etc.
- the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention has excellent light transmittance and is easy to obtain a cured thin film, so it is suitable as a transparent protective material for organic thin film solar cell elements, perovskite solar cell elements, etc. .
- a cured product having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m and a total light transmittance of 90% or more as measured by a method based on JIS K 7361-1:1997 is produced. be able to.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of a perovskite solar cell module according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- a perovskite solar cell module 10 includes a light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate or a light-receiving surface light-transmissive film 1, a perovskite solar cell element 2 laminated on the back surface of the substrate, and a perovskite solar cell element 2 that covers the back surface of the substrate.
- a water vapor barrier layer 3 formed in this manner, a sealing material 4 formed on the back side thereof in a manner covering the water vapor barrier layer 3, and a back side laminated on the backmost part on this sealing material 4. It is configured to include a substrate or a back side film 5.
- the light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate or the light-receiving surface light-transmissive film 1 is a transparent member on the side through which sunlight is incident, and has long-term reliability in outdoor use, including transparency, weather resistance, and impact resistance. A component with performance is required.
- Specific examples of the light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate 1 include transparent glass, and blue plate glass and white plate tempered glass are preferable.
- examples of the light-receiving surface light-transmissive film 1 include resin films, and it is preferable to use a light-transmissive film having high water vapor barrier properties.
- the perovskite solar cell element 2 has an electron transport layer, a power generation layer formed of a perovskite compound, a hole transport layer, and a back electrode laminated on a light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate or a light-receiving surface light-transmissive film 1. Although this structure is common, it is not limited to this structure.
- the water vapor barrier layer 3 is arranged so as to cover the solar cell element 2 without any gaps by applying the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention on the back surface of the perovskite solar cell element 2, and the water vapor barrier layer 3 is formed by applying the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention to the back surface of the perovskite solar cell element 2. It is desirable that the light-receiving surface is in close contact with the light-transmitting film 1 and the perovskite solar cell element 2.
- the sealing material 4 installed on the back side of the perovskite solar cell element 2 is preferably flexible, transparent, and durable.
- the back substrate 5 white plate glass, blue plate glass, etc. can be used.
- the back film 5 may be a laminated film that combines a fluororesin film and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a laminated film that combines a thin metal film and a PET film, a film that has a thin metal layer deposited on a polyethylene naphthalate (PEN) film, etc. Examples include films with controlled water vapor permeation, such as .
- the obtained solar cell module becomes a see-through type, and the range of application can be expanded.
- a water vapor barrier layer can be formed by carrying out a curing step in which the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention is brought into direct contact with a solar cell element and cured.
- the method of contacting the solar cell element coating composition is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dispensing method, a casting method, a dipping method, a roll coating method, a spray method, a screen printing method, and the like.
- the thickness of the water vapor barrier layer is not particularly limited, but for example, when applied to organic thin film solar cells and perovskite solar cells, it is preferably 1 to 3,000 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 to 1,000 ⁇ m, and 20 to 500 ⁇ m. is even more preferable.
- the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention may be applied via one or more other layers formed on the solar cell element, for example, an inorganic layer such as SiO, SiN, AlO, etc., as necessary. You may.
- an inorganic layer such as SiO, SiN, AlO, etc.
- a plurality of layers are laminated on a solar cell element, it is also possible to use a cured product of the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention as a buffer film between the layers.
- a method such as bonding a film obtained by curing the solar cell element coating composition of the present invention can be used.
- the platinum group metal catalyst is activated by irradiation with light having a wavelength of 200 to 500 nm, preferably 200 to 370 nm.
- a UV-LED lamp, a metal halide lamp, a mercury lamp, etc. can be used for light irradiation.
- the irradiation intensity is preferably 30 to 2,000 mW/cm 2 and the irradiation dose is preferably 3,000 to 100,000 mJ/cm 2 .
- the temperature during irradiation is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the solar cell element, but is preferably 10 to 60°C, more preferably 20 to 40°C.
- heating may be performed within a range that does not adversely affect the solar cell element, and the heating temperature is preferably 50 to 80°C, more preferably 50 to 70°C.
- the heating time is preferably 1 to 60 minutes, more preferably 10 to 30 minutes.
- Me represents a methyl group
- Ph represents a phenyl group
- Vi represents a vinyl group.
- the kinematic viscosity is a value measured by an Ostwald viscometer
- the viscosity is a value measured by a rotational viscometer.
- (A) Component (A-1) Organopolysiloxane represented by the following average unit formula (14) (Mw: 28,000) (ViMe 2 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (Me 2 SiO 2/2 ) 300 (Ph 2 SiO 2/2 ) 30 (14) (A-2) Organopolysiloxane (Mw: 11,200) represented by the following average unit formula (15) (ViMe 2 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (Me 2 SiO 2/2 ) 68 (Ph 2 SiO 2/2 ) 30 (15) (A-3) Organopolysiloxane (Mw: 905) represented by the following average unit formula (16) (ViMePhSiO 1/2 ) 2 (Ph 2 SiO 2/2 ) 3 (16)
- (B) Component (B-1) Compound represented by the following average unit formula (17) (Kinematic viscosity at 23°C: 45 mm 2 /s, content of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms: 0.0112 mol/g) (Me 3 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (HMeSiO 2/2 ) 45 (Me 2 SiO 2/2 ) 17 (17) (B-2) Compound represented by the following average unit formula (18) (Kinematic viscosity at 23°C: 21 mm 2 /s, content of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms: 0.0061 mol/g) (HMe 2 SiO 1/2 ) 2 (HMeSiO 2/2 ) 2 (Ph 2 SiO 2/2 ) 2 (18) (B-3) Siloxane compound represented by the following structural formula (19) (kinematic viscosity at 25°C: 1,000 mPa ⁇ s, content of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms: 0.0066 mol/g) (B-4) Compound represented by the following structural formula (20) (kine
- C Component (C-1) Toluene solution of methylcyclopentadienyltrimethylplatinum complex (platinum concentration 0.5% by mass)
- C'-2 Toluene solution of platinum 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex (platinum concentration 0.5% by mass)
- a transparent conductive film, an electron transport layer, a perovskite layer, and a hole transport layer are sequentially laminated on a glass substrate (size 50 x 50 mm, thickness 3.2 mm), which is the light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate 1.
- the perovskite solar cell element 2 with the positive electrode formed on the hole transport layer was stacked (size 25 x 25 mm) so as to be located in the center of the light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate 1, and the perovskite solar cell element 2 for evaluation was prepared.
- a battery cell 11 was obtained.
- a fluororesin adhesive tape (thickness 0.25 mm, width 3 x 3 mm, Chukoh Kasei Kogyo Co., Ltd.) was provided as a dam material 6 on the outer periphery of the light-receiving surface light-transmissive substrate 1. . Thereafter, a solar cell element coating composition was applied onto the perovskite solar cell element 2 to a thickness of 0.1 mm.
- Examples 1-1 to 1-5 after coating the solar cell element coating composition on the perovskite solar cell element 2, a metal halide lamp (HANDY UV-100, manufactured by Oak Seisakusho Co., Ltd. (OCR)) was used. Then, ultraviolet rays were irradiated from above at 25° C. with an ultraviolet intensity of 100 mW/cm 2 and a cumulative irradiation amount of 3,000 mJ/cm 2 . Thereafter, the solar cell element coating composition was cured by heating at 60° C. for 1 hour to obtain a water vapor barrier layer 3.
- HANDY UV-100 manufactured by Oak Seisakusho Co., Ltd. (OCR)
- a type solar cell module 12 was obtained.
- the solar cell element coating composition was applied on the perovskite solar cell element 2 and then heated at 100° C. for 1 hour to cure the solar cell element coating composition. . After that, a glass substrate (size 50 x 50 mm, thickness 3.2 mm), which is the back substrate 5, was placed on top of the dam material 6, and the back part was fixed with polyimide tape 7 so that the back substrate 5 would not come off. A perovskite solar cell module 12 was obtained.
- a perovskite solar cell having a water vapor barrier layer made of a cured product of the solar cell element coating composition of Examples 1-1 to 1-5 was exposed to an environment of 60° C. and 90% RH for 50 hours. It can be seen that even when exposed, a good output maintenance rate is exhibited.
- the perovskite solar cells using the compositions of Comparative Examples 1-1 to 1-3 had low initial output retention rates, and could not be subjected to a humidity test. This is thought to be because the perovskite solar cell element, which is sensitive to heat, was damaged by being heated to 100° C. when forming the water vapor barrier layer, resulting in a decrease in output.
- Perovskite solar cell module 1 Light-receiving surface light-transparent substrate/light-receiving surface light-transmissive film 2 Perovskite solar cell element 3 Water vapor barrier layer 4 Sealing material 5 Rear substrate/rear side film 6 Dam material 7 Polyimide tape 10 Perovskite solar cell module 11 For evaluation Perovskite solar cell 12 Perovskite solar cell module for evaluation
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Abstract
Description
ペロブスカイト型太陽電池は、結晶シリコン系太陽電池に比べて安価に製造することができ、高い発電効率を有する。ペロブスカイト型太陽電池素子は、受光面側から、光透過性基板または光透過性フィルム、透明導電膜、電子輸送層、発電層、正孔輸送層、背面電極を順次積層することで得られる。上記素子を封止する、いわゆるモジュール化工程においては、背面電極のさらに背面側に封止材を適用させ、最背面を基板やフィルム等で封止した構造が検討されている。受光面側光透過性基板および最背面側基板にガラス等を使用する構造や、受光面側に光透過性フィルム、最背面側にフィルムを使用するフレキシブル構造など、種々提案がなされている。
また、特許文献2には、ZnO-SiO2-Al2O3膜を直流(DC)スパッタリング法で形成する技術が紹介されている。DCスパッタリング法も、同様に真空環境が必要であり、工程の煩雑さの面で同様の課題を有する。
1. (A)下記平均単位式(1)で表されるオルガノポリシロキサン
(R1R3 2SiO1/2)2(Ar2SiO2/2)a(R2 2SiO2/2)b (1)
[式中、R1は、それぞれ独立に、アルケニル基であり、R2は、それぞれ独立に、置換または非置換の一価飽和炭化水素基であり、R3は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは非置換の一価飽和炭化水素基、または置換もしくは非置換のアリール基であり、Arは、置換または非置換のアリール基である。aは、1~100の整数、bは、0~1,000の整数であり、a/(a+b)は、0.01~1.0の数である。]
(B)1分子中に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子に結合した水素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物、および、
(C)波長200~500nmの光によって活性化される白金族金属触媒
を含有する太陽電池素子コーティング組成物、
2. 前記(B)成分が、下記(i)~(iii)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である1記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物、
(i)下記平均組成式(2)で表されるオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン:
R4 cHdSiO(4-c-d)/2 (2)
(式中、R4は、それぞれ独立に、アルケニル基以外の置換または非置換の炭素原子数1~12の一価炭化水素基であり、cおよびdは、0.7≦c≦2.1、0.01≦d≦1、かつ0.8≦c+d≦2.7を満たす数である。)
(ii)ビニルノルボルネンおよび/またはジアリルビスフェノールAと環状オルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサンとの付加反応生成物
(iii)SiH基含有シラン化合物
3. 前記(C)成分が、(η5-シクロペンタジエニル)三脂肪族白金化合物またはビス(β-ジケトナト)白金化合物を含む1または2記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物、
4. 太陽電池素子と、1~3のいずれかに記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物の硬化物からなる水蒸気バリア層とを具備する太陽電池モジュール、
5. 前記太陽電池素子が、有機薄膜型またはペロブスカイト型の太陽電池素子である4記載の太陽電池モジュール、
6. 1~3のいずれかに記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物を、太陽電池素子に直接または少なくとも1種のその他の層を介して接触させ、大気圧下で、波長200~500nmの光照射後、加熱により硬化させる工程を有する太陽電池モジュールの製造方法
を提供する。
このような特性を有する本発明の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物は、有機薄膜太陽電池およびペロブスカイト型太陽電池等の保護膜として有用である。
[1]コーティング組成物
(1)(A)成分
本発明の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物における(A)成分は、下記平均単位式(1)で表されるオルガノポリシロキサンである。
(R1R3 2SiO1/2)2(Ar2SiO2/2)a(R2 2SiO2/2)b (1)
これらの中でも、耐熱性の面から、メチル基が好ましい。
R3のアリール基としては、炭素原子数6~20のものが好ましく、より好ましくは炭素原子数6~10である。その具体例としては、フェニル、ナフチル、トリル、キシリル、メシチル基等が挙げられる。また、これらの基の水素原子の一部または全部が、塩素、フッ素、臭素等のハロゲン原子等で置換された、クロロフェニル基等のハロゲン置換アリール基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、好ましくはメチル基またはフェニル基である。
(ViMe2SiO1/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)a(Me2SiO2/2)b
(ViMePhSiO1/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)a(Me2SiO2/2)b
(ViMe2SiO1/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)a
(ViMePhSiO1/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)a
(式中、aおよびbは、上記と同じである。)
本発明の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物における(B)成分は、1分子中に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子に結合した水素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物である。(B)成分中のSiH基が、(A)成分中の付加反応性炭素-炭素二重結合とヒドロシリル化反応により付加し、3次元網状構造の硬化物を与える。(B)成分としては、例えば、下記(i)~(iii)のものを用いることができる。
R4 cHdSiO(4-c-d)/2 (2)
これらの中でも、特に、工業的に製造することが容易であり、入手しやすいことから、メチル基またはフェニル基が好ましい。
dは、0.01≦d≦1を満たす数であるが、好ましくは0.02≦d≦1、より好ましくは0.1≦d≦1である。
また、c+dは、0.8≦c+d≦2.7を満たす数であるが、好ましくは1≦c+d≦2.4、より好ましくは1.6≦c+d≦2.2である。
(Me3SiO1/2)2(HMeSiO2/2)45(Me2SiO2/2)17
(HMe2SiO1/2)2(HMeSiO2/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)2
また、(B)成分として、例えば、下記構造式(3)または下記構造式(4)で表される、ビニルノルボルネンまたはジアリルビスフェノールAと環状オルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサンとをヒドロシリル化反応させて得られる付加反応生成物を使用できる。
(B)成分として、(i),(ii)成分以外に、下記シラン化合物を用いることもできる。
(C)成分のヒドロシリル化反応用白金族金属触媒は、遮光下で不活性であり、かつ波長200~500nmの光を照射することにより、活性な白金触媒に変化して(A)成分中の付加反応性炭素-炭素二重結合と、(B)成分中のケイ素原子結合水素原子とのヒドロシリル化反応を促進するための触媒である。
これらのうち特に好適なものは、シクロペンタジエニルトリメチル白金錯体、メチルシクロペンタジエニルトリメチル白金錯体およびそれらのシクロペンタジエニル基が修飾された誘導体である。
また、ビス(β-ジケトナト)白金化合物も好適な(C)成分の例として挙げられ、このうち特に好適なものは、ビス(アセチルアセトナト)白金化合物およびそのアセチルアセトナト基が修飾された誘導体である。
本発明の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物には、組成物を調合ないし基材に塗工する際、加熱硬化前に増粘やゲル化を起こさないようにするために、必要に応じて(D)成分の反応制御剤を添加してもよい。
その具体例としては、3-メチル-1-ブチン-3-オール、3-メチル-1-ペンチン-3-オール、3,5-ジメチル-1-ヘキシン-3-オール、1-エチニルシクロヘキサノール、エチニルメチルデシルカルビノール、3-メチル-3-トリメチルシロキシ-1-ブチン、3-メチル-3-トリメチルシロキシ-1-ペンチン、3,5-ジメチル-3-トリメチルシロキシ-1-ヘキシン、1-エチニル-1-トリメチルシロキシシクロヘキサン、ビス(2,2-ジメチル-3-ブチノキシ)ジメチルシラン、1,3,5,7-テトラメチル-1,3,5,7-テトラビニルシクロテトラシロキサン、1,1,3,3-テトラメチル-1,3-ジビニルジシロキサン等が挙げられる。
これらの中でも、好ましくは1-エチニルシクロヘキサノール、エチニルメチルデシルカルビノール、3-メチル-1-ブチン-3-オール、ビス(2,2-ジメチル-3-ブチノキシ)ジメチルシランである。
本発明の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物は、上記(A)~(C)成分および必要により用いられる(D)成分以外にも、本発明の目的を損なわない限り、以下に例示するその他の成分を含有していてもよい。
例えば、1分子中に1個以上のアルケニル基、(メタ)アクリル基、カルボニル基、エポキシ基、アルコキシシリル基、アミド基からなる官能基群を有する接着性付与剤;ヒュームドシリカ等のチクソ性制御剤;結晶性シリカ等の補強剤;ヒンダードフェノールやヒンダードアミン等の酸化防止剤;光安定剤;金属酸化物、金属水酸化物等の耐熱向上剤;酸化チタン等の着色剤;アルミナ、結晶性シリカ等の熱伝導性付与充填剤;反応性官能基を有しない非反応性シリコーンオイル等の粘度調整剤;銀、金等の金属粉等の導電性付与剤;着色のための顔料、染料等が挙げられる。
次に、本発明に係る太陽電池モジュールの一実施形態について図面を参照しながら説明する。図1には、本発明の一実施形態に係るペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュールの一例が示されている。
ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール10は、受光面光透過性基板または受光面光透過性フィルム1と、この裏面上に積層されたペロブスカイト型太陽電池素子2と、この背面側に、太陽電池素子2を覆う態様で形成された水蒸気バリア層3と、この背面側に、水蒸気バリア層3を覆う態様で形成された封止材4と、この封止材4の上で最背面部に積層された背面側基板または背面側フィルム5とを備えて構成されている。
背面基板5としては、白板ガラス、青板ガラス等を使用することができる。
背面フィルム5としては、フッ素樹脂フィルムとポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)フィルムとを組み合わせた積層フィルム、金属薄膜とPETフィルムを組み合わせた積層フィルム、ポリエチレンナフタレート(PEN)フィルム等に薄い金属層を蒸着したフィルム等の、水蒸気透過を制御したフィルムが挙げられる。
背面基板または背面フィルム5が光透過性を有する場合、得られる太陽電池モジュールはシースルー型となり適用範囲を拡大することができる。
本発明の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物を、太陽電池素子に直接接触させ、硬化させる硬化工程を経ることにより水蒸気バリア層を形成することができる。太陽電池素子コーティング組成物の接触方法としては特に限定されないが、例えば、ディスペンス法、キャスト法、ディッピング法、ロールコーティング法、スプレー法、スクリーン印刷法等が可能である。なお、水蒸気バリア層の膜厚は特に限定されないが、例えば、有機薄膜太陽電池およびペロブスカイト太陽電池に適用する場合は、1~3,000μmが好ましく、10~1,000μmがより好ましく、20~500μmがさらに好ましい。
組成物の硬化速度と変色防止の観点から、照射強度は、30~2,000mW/cm2が好ましく、照射線量は、3,000~100,000mJ/cm2が好ましい。照射時の温度は、太陽電池素子に悪影響を及ぼさない温度であれば特に限定されないが、10~60℃が好ましく、20~40℃がより好ましい。
[実施例1-1~1-5、比較例1-1~1-3]
下記(A)~(D)成分を表1に示す配合量(質量部)にて混合し、太陽電池素子コーティング組成物を調製した。
(A-1)下記平均単位式(14)で表されるオルガノポリシロキサン(Mw:28,000)
(ViMe2SiO1/2)2(Me2SiO2/2)300(Ph2SiO2/2)30 (14)
(A-2)下記平均単位式(15)で表されるオルガノポリシロキサン(Mw:11,200)
(ViMe2SiO1/2)2(Me2SiO2/2)68(Ph2SiO2/2)30 (15)
(A-3)下記平均単位式(16)で表されるオルガノポリシロキサン(Mw:905)
(ViMePhSiO1/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)3 (16)
(B-1)下記平均単位式(17)で表される化合物(23℃における動粘度:45mm2/s、ケイ素原子結合水素原子の含有量:0.0112モル/g)
(Me3SiO1/2)2(HMeSiO2/2)45(Me2SiO2/2)17 (17)
(B-2)下記平均単位式(18)で表される化合物(23℃における動粘度:21mm2/s、ケイ素原子結合水素原子の含有量:0.0061モル/g)
(HMe2SiO1/2)2(HMeSiO2/2)2(Ph2SiO2/2)2 (18)
(B-3)下記構造式(19)で表されるシロキサン化合物(25℃における動粘度:1,000mPa・s、ケイ素原子結合水素原子の含有量:0.0066モル/g)
(C-1)メチルシクロペンタジエニルトリメチル白金錯体のトルエン溶液(白金濃度0.5質量%)
(C’-2)白金1,3-ジビニル-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン錯体のトルエン溶液(白金濃度0.5質量%)
(D-1)ビス(2,2-ジメチル-3-ブチノキシ)ジメチルシランの1.0質量%トルエン溶液
(D-2)ビス(2,2-ジメチル-3-ブチノキシ)ジメチルシラン
[実施例2-1~2-5、比較例2-1~2-3]
実施例1-1~1-5および比較例1-1~1-3で得られた太陽電池素子コーティング組成物を用いて、下記手順で太陽電池モジュールを製造した。
次に、図3に示すように、受光面光透過性基板1の外周にダム材6として、フッ素樹脂粘着テープ(厚み0.25mm、幅3×3mm、中興化成工業(株))を設けた。その後、ペロブスカイト型太陽電池素子2の上に、太陽電池素子コーティング組成物を、厚みが0.1mmになるように塗布した。
その後、背面基板5であるガラス(サイズ50×50mm、厚み3.2mm)を、ダム材6の上部に載せ、背面部をポリイミドテープ7で背面基板5が外れないように固定し、評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール12を得た。
その後、背面基板5であるガラス基板(サイズ50×50mm、厚み3.2mm)を、ダム材6の上部に載せ、背面部をポリイミドテープ7で背面基板5が外れないように固定し、評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール12を得た。
得られたペロブスカイト型太陽電池評価体において、疑似太陽光照射装置を用いて光透過性基板1の表面の方向から光照射し、評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール12の出力(W1)を測定した。
評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール12の出力(W1)と、モジュール化前の評価用ペロブスカイト太陽電池セル11の出力(Wc)から、初期の出力維持率(%)を算出した。初期の出力維持率が95%以上である場合を〇、95%未満である場合を×として評価した。結果を表2に示す。
初期の出力維持率(%)=(W1/Wc)×100
また、評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール12を、60℃、90%RHの環境に500時間暴露した後の出力(W2)を、上記と同様の手法で測定し、耐湿試験後の出力維持率(%)を算出した。耐湿試験後の出力維持率が80%以上である場合を〇、80%未満である場合を×として評価した。結果を表2に示す。
耐湿試験後の出力維持率(%)=(W2/Wc)×100
一方、比較例1-1~1-3の組成物を用いたペロブスカイト型太陽電池は、初期の出力維持率が低い結果となり、耐湿試験を行うに至らなかった。これは、水蒸気バリア層を形成する際、100℃に加熱されたことにより、熱に弱いペロブスカイト型太陽電池素子に損傷が生じ、出力が低下したと考えられる。
2 ペロブスカイト型太陽電池素子
3 水蒸気バリア層
4 封止材
5 背面基板/背面側フィルム
6 ダム材
7 ポリイミドテープ
10 ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール
11 評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池セル
12 評価用ペロブスカイト型太陽電池モジュール
Claims (6)
- (A)下記平均単位式(1)で表されるオルガノポリシロキサン
(R1R3 2SiO1/2)2(Ar2SiO2/2)a(R2 2SiO2/2)b (1)
[式中、R1は、それぞれ独立に、アルケニル基であり、R2は、それぞれ独立に、置換または非置換の一価飽和炭化水素基であり、R3は、それぞれ独立に、置換もしくは非置換の一価飽和炭化水素基、または置換もしくは非置換のアリール基であり、Arは、置換または非置換のアリール基である。aは、1~100の整数、bは、0~1,000の整数であり、a/(a+b)は、0.01~1.0の数である。]
(B)1分子中に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子に結合した水素原子を有する有機ケイ素化合物、および、
(C)波長200~500nmの光によって活性化される白金族金属触媒
を含有する太陽電池素子コーティング組成物。 - 前記(B)成分が、下記(i)~(iii)から選ばれる少なくとも1種である請求項1記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物。
(i)下記平均組成式(2)で表されるオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン:
R4 cHdSiO(4-c-d)/2 (2)
(式中、R4は、それぞれ独立に、アルケニル基以外の置換または非置換の炭素原子数1~12の一価炭化水素基であり、cおよびdは、0.7≦c≦2.1、0.01≦d≦1、かつ0.8≦c+d≦2.7を満たす数である。)
(ii)ビニルノルボルネンおよび/またはジアリルビスフェノールAと環状オルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサンとの付加反応生成物
(iii)SiH基含有シラン化合物 - 前記(C)成分が、(η5-シクロペンタジエニル)三脂肪族白金化合物またはビス(β-ジケトナト)白金化合物を含む請求項1または2記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物。
- 太陽電池素子と、請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物の硬化物からなる水蒸気バリア層とを具備する太陽電池モジュール。
- 前記太陽電池素子が、有機薄膜型またはペロブスカイト型の太陽電池素子である請求項4記載の太陽電池モジュール。
- 請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の太陽電池素子コーティング組成物を、太陽電池素子に直接または少なくとも1種のその他の層を介して接触させ、大気圧下で、波長200~500nmの光照射後、加熱により硬化させる工程を有する太陽電池モジュールの製造方法。
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009534840A (ja) * | 2006-04-18 | 2009-09-24 | ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション | テルル化カドミウムベース光起電力デバイスおよびその調製方法 |
| JP2013518406A (ja) * | 2010-01-25 | 2013-05-20 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 光電池モジュール |
| JP2013521640A (ja) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-06-10 | モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ ゲーエムベーハー | 太陽電池モジュールのための封止材としての使用のための硬化性ポリオルガノシロキサン組成物 |
| JP2013147710A (ja) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-08-01 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 透明膜およびその製造方法並びに透明膜形成用スパッタリングターゲット |
| JP2014082399A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-08 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法及び太陽電池モジュール |
| JP2014100806A (ja) | 2012-11-16 | 2014-06-05 | Konica Minolta Inc | ガスバリア性フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
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- 2023-08-01 CN CN202380059785.7A patent/CN119732211A/zh active Pending
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Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2009534840A (ja) * | 2006-04-18 | 2009-09-24 | ダウ・コーニング・コーポレイション | テルル化カドミウムベース光起電力デバイスおよびその調製方法 |
| JP2013518406A (ja) * | 2010-01-25 | 2013-05-20 | エルジー・ケム・リミテッド | 光電池モジュール |
| JP2013521640A (ja) * | 2010-03-05 | 2013-06-10 | モメンティブ パフォーマンス マテリアルズ ゲーエムベーハー | 太陽電池モジュールのための封止材としての使用のための硬化性ポリオルガノシロキサン組成物 |
| JP2013147710A (ja) | 2012-01-20 | 2013-08-01 | Mitsubishi Materials Corp | 透明膜およびその製造方法並びに透明膜形成用スパッタリングターゲット |
| JP2014082399A (ja) * | 2012-10-18 | 2014-05-08 | Shin Etsu Chem Co Ltd | 太陽電池モジュールの製造方法及び太陽電池モジュール |
| JP2014100806A (ja) | 2012-11-16 | 2014-06-05 | Konica Minolta Inc | ガスバリア性フィルムおよびその製造方法 |
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| JPWO2024038760A1 (ja) | 2024-02-22 |
| KR20250050935A (ko) | 2025-04-15 |
| CN119732211A (zh) | 2025-03-28 |
| EP4577012A1 (en) | 2025-06-25 |
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