WO2024034041A1 - レーザピアッシング方法、及び、レーザ加工機 - Google Patents
レーザピアッシング方法、及び、レーザ加工機 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024034041A1 WO2024034041A1 PCT/JP2022/030533 JP2022030533W WO2024034041A1 WO 2024034041 A1 WO2024034041 A1 WO 2024034041A1 JP 2022030533 W JP2022030533 W JP 2022030533W WO 2024034041 A1 WO2024034041 A1 WO 2024034041A1
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- laser
- laser beam
- workpiece
- output density
- gas
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/062—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by direct control of the laser beam
- B23K26/0626—Energy control of the laser beam
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/0604—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams
- B23K26/0608—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by a combination of beams in the same heat affected zone [HAZ]
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/0006—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring taking account of the properties of the material involved
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/02—Positioning or observing the workpiece, e.g. with respect to the point of impact; Aligning, aiming or focusing the laser beam
- B23K26/06—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing
- B23K26/064—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms
- B23K26/0648—Shaping the laser beam, e.g. by masks or multi-focusing by means of optical elements, e.g. lenses, mirrors or prisms comprising lenses
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/14—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor
- B23K26/142—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring using a fluid stream, e.g. a jet of gas, in conjunction with the laser beam; Nozzles therefor for the removal of by-products
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/16—Removal of by-products, e.g. particles or vapours produced during treatment of a workpiece
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/38—Removing material by boring or cutting
- B23K26/382—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring
- B23K26/386—Removing material by boring or cutting by boring of blind holes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/36—Removing material
- B23K26/40—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved
- B23K26/402—Removing material taking account of the properties of the material involved involving non-metallic material, e.g. isolators
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K26/00—Working by laser beam, e.g. welding, cutting or boring
- B23K26/70—Auxiliary operations or equipment
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K2101/00—Articles made by soldering, welding or cutting
- B23K2101/34—Coated articles, e.g. plated or painted; Surface treated articles
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/02—Optical fibres with cladding with or without a coating
- G02B6/02042—Multicore optical fibres
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3616—Holders, macro size fixtures for mechanically holding or positioning fibres, e.g. on an optical bench
- G02B6/3624—Fibre head, e.g. fibre probe termination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a laser piercing method and a laser processing machine.
- Patent Document 1 Most laser processing machines use a single laser light source (for example, Patent Document 1), but Patent Document 2 uses a laser processing machine that controls the intensity of the central and peripheral parts of the laser according to the thickness of the workpiece. This shows a machine tool that can achieve high-quality piercing with less spatter adhesion.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a technique for applying oil before piercing to suppress adhesion of spatter caused by piercing.
- the root portion of the sputter near the piercing hole is directly connected to the workpiece member without using oil. If this root portion cools and solidifies during the piercing process, it becomes difficult to remove the spatter.
- the purpose of the technology disclosed in this application is to provide a laser piercing method and a laser processing machine for suppressing solidification of the root portion of spatter generated by piercing and improving processing quality.
- the laser piercing method includes spraying oil onto the workpiece to generate a coating portion on the workpiece that is coated with oil.
- the laser output density of the laser beam becomes a first laser output density in a central portion of the coating portion that is irradiated with the laser beam
- the first laser output density becomes a first laser output density in a peripheral portion around the central portion of the coating portion.
- the laser beam is coated so that a second laser output density is smaller than the second laser output density, and a third laser output density is smaller than the second laser output density at the boundary between the central part and the peripheral part of the covering part. This includes irradiating the area.
- the workpiece inside the covering part is melted by a first laser beam irradiated to the central part, and a gas is sprayed onto the melted workpiece to scatter the melted workpiece around the central part.
- a gas is sprayed onto the melted workpiece to scatter the melted workpiece around the central part.
- the method includes heating the base portion of the spatter, which is the scattered workpiece, that is in contact with the workpiece for forming the pierced hole without using oil, by a second laser beam that is irradiated to the peripheral portion.
- the laser piercing method according to the first aspect includes heating the root portion and then removing spatter from the workpiece by blowing gas onto the sputter.
- the direction in which the gas is sprayed onto the sputter is desirably different from the direction in which the gas for sputtering the molten workpiece is sprayed.
- spatter is removed from the workpiece by moving the torch from outside the root portion along a circle surrounding the root portion. Involves spraying gas into the surrounding area.
- the laser piercing method includes heating the sputter with the second laser beam to an extent that the sputter does not stick to the workpiece and solidify.
- the second laser beam may heat the sputters to such an extent that at least one of the plurality of sputters does not stick to the workpiece and solidify.
- the sputter be heated by the second laser beam to such an extent that all the sputters among the plurality of sputters are blown away by the gas of the second or third aspect. It is further desirable that the second laser beam heats the sputters to such an extent that all the sputters among the plurality of sputters do not stick to the workpiece and solidify.
- the workpiece is heated by the second laser beam to an extent that the outside of the peripheral portion is not perforated.
- the first laser beam melts the workpiece in the covering portion to the extent that the outside of the peripheral portion is not perforated.
- the workpiece is heated by the second laser beam to an extent that spatter is not generated outside the peripheral portion.
- the laser piercing method includes a first transparent part, a second transparent part provided around the first transparent part, and a second transparent part provided around the first transparent part.
- the method further includes providing an optical fiber including a reflector disposed between the first transmitting section and the second transmitting section.
- the method includes emitting laser light from one laser oscillator such that a part of the laser light enters the first transmitting part and another part of the laser light enters the second transmitting part.
- the method further includes generating a laser beam and a second laser beam.
- a laser processing machine includes at least one laser oscillator, an optical fiber, a lens, a torch, a moving mechanism, a nozzle, a first pump, a second pump, and a control circuit. Be prepared. At least one laser oscillator is configured to emit a first laser beam and a second laser beam.
- the optical fiber has a first end that receives a first laser beam and a second laser beam from at least one laser oscillator, and a second end opposite the first end.
- the optical fiber includes a first transmitting section that transmits the first laser beam, a second transmitting section that is provided around the first transmitting section and transmitting the second laser beam, and a combination of the first transmitting section and the second transmitting section.
- the lens is provided facing the second end of the optical fiber, and is configured to focus the first laser beam and the second laser beam that pass through the optical fiber and exit toward the workpiece.
- the torch has an opening through which the light focused by the lens and the gas to be sprayed onto the workpiece pass.
- the movement mechanism is configured to move the torch.
- the nozzle is configured to inject oil onto the workpiece.
- the first pump is configured to pump oil to the nozzle.
- the second pump is configured to deliver gas to the torch.
- the control circuit is configured to control the laser oscillator, the first pump, the second pump, and the movement mechanism.
- the control circuit controls the first pump to spray oil onto the workpiece to generate a coating portion covered with oil on the workpiece, and then irradiates the coating portion with the first laser beam and the second laser beam.
- the at least one laser oscillator and the second pump are configured to control the at least one laser oscillator and the second pump so as to pierce the coating by blowing gas onto the workpiece melted by the first laser beam.
- the laser output density at the central portion of the covering portion where the first laser beam is irradiated is the first laser output density
- the laser output density at the peripheral portion of the covering portion where the second laser beam is irradiated is the first laser output density.
- the second laser power density is smaller than the power density
- the laser power density at the boundary between the central portion and the peripheral portion of the covering portion is a third laser power density smaller than the second laser power density.
- the control circuit further sprays gas onto the spatter of the workpiece melted by the first laser beam and scattered around the pierced hole by the gas. , configured to control the movement mechanism and the second pump.
- the direction in which the gas is sprayed onto the sputter is desirably different from the direction in which the gas for sputtering the molten workpiece is sprayed.
- the laser processing machine includes a moving mechanism and a second pump in which the control circuit moves the torch along a circle surrounding the pierced hole and blows gas around the pierced hole. configured to control.
- the second laser output density is such that the workpiece melted by the first laser beam is not scattered around the pierced hole by the gas.
- the laser output density of the second laser beam is such that the second laser beam can heat the workpiece to the extent that the sputtered sputter does not stick to and solidify on the workpiece forming the pierced hole.
- the laser power density is such that the second laser beam can heat the workpiece to the extent that at least one of the plurality of spatters does not stick to the workpiece and solidify. It may be.
- the second laser beam has a laser output density that can heat the workpiece to the extent that at least one of the plurality of sputters is blown away by the gas of the second or third aspect. Further, it is more desirable that the second laser beam has a laser output density that can heat the workpiece to the extent that all of the plurality of sputters are blown away by the gas of the second or third aspect. It is further desirable that the laser output density is such that the second laser beam can heat the workpiece to such an extent that all of the sputters among the plurality of sputters do not stick to and solidify on the workpiece.
- the first laser power density is such that the first laser beam heats the workpiece to such an extent that the outside of the peripheral portion is not perforated.
- the second laser power density is such that the second laser light can heat the workpiece without perforating the outside of the peripheral portion.
- the laser processing machine uses a laser beam whose second laser power density is such that the second laser beam can heat the workpiece to the extent that spatter is not generated outside the peripheral portion. configured to have a power density.
- At least one laser oscillator includes one laser oscillator that emits laser light.
- the direction in which the laser beam of one laser oscillator is emitted is adjusted so that a part of the laser beam enters the first transmitting part and another part of the laser beam enters the second transmitting part. configured to be used.
- the root portion of the sputter is heated with a second laser beam having a second laser output density lower than the first laser output density used to make the piercing hole. This prevents the root portion of the spatter from sticking to the workpiece forming the peripheral portion of the pierced hole, making it possible to easily remove the spatter.
- the laser processing machine of the ninth aspect is capable of heating the root portion of the sputter with the second laser beam having the second laser output density.
- spatter whose root portion is prevented from sticking due to heating can be easily removed by gas.
- gas can be blown from the outside of the spatter toward the root portion, so more spatter can be removed with the gas.
- spatter whose root portion is not fixed can be easily removed with gas.
- the root part of the resulting spatter cannot be directly heated by the second laser beam, and the root part cools and becomes solid. .
- such a risk is reduced because the workpiece is heated by the second laser beam to such an extent that the outside of the heating area is not perforated.
- the second laser beam is weak or the heating area is small relative to the drilling area and the first laser beam is used to drill outside the heating area, a similar problem will occur.
- such a risk is further reduced because the work is heated by the first laser beam to such an extent that the outside of the heating area is not perforated.
- the workpiece is heated by the first laser beam and the second laser beam to such an extent that the outside of the heating area is not perforated, so that the above-mentioned risk is reduced.
- the second laser beam may melt a part of the periphery of the piercing hole outside the area that is hit by the second laser beam, and the area may be scattered by the assist gas.
- the root portion of the sputter formed in this manner cannot be directly heated by the second laser beam, and the root portion cools and becomes fixed.
- such a risk is reduced because the workpiece is heated by the second laser beam to an extent that spatter is not generated outside the processing area.
- the laser piercing method according to the eighth aspect and the laser processing machine according to the fifteenth aspect generate the first laser and the second laser using one laser oscillator, manufacturing costs can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing the external configuration of a laser processing machine according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a sectional view of the laser head of the laser processing machine according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is an internal configuration diagram of the optical fiber according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4A shows an example of laser light output according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4B shows an example of laser light output according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4C shows an example of laser light output according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the piercing method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram showing the piercing method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of laser light from the torch according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8A is an example of an undesirable piercing method according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 8B is an example of an undesirable piercing method according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart showing the piercing method according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic configuration diagram showing the external configuration of a laser processing machine 1 according to an embodiment of the present invention.
- the X axis shown in FIG. 1 is along the depth direction of the laser processing machine 1
- the Y axis is along the width direction of the laser processing machine 1
- the Z axis is along the height direction of the laser processing machine 1.
- the laser processing machine 1 includes a base 10, a first guide rail 11, a column 12, a second guide rail 13, a saddle 14, a nozzle 15, a first pump 16, and a laser head. head) 20, at least one laser oscillator 30, an optical fiber 40, and a numerical control apparatus 6.
- the laser processing machine 1 is a device for processing a metal plate MP on a pedestal 10.
- the sheet metal MP is, for example, mild steel, SUS, aluminum steel, brass, or copper. Note that the sheet metal MP may be referred to as a workpiece W.
- the pedestal 10 may include a plurality of elongated projections.
- a pair of first guide rails 11 are attached to both ends of the pedestal 10 in the Y direction along the Y direction, and a column 12 is movable on the first guide rails 11. is attached to.
- the column 12 is moved on the first guide rail 11 by a driving force generated by a drive device D1 such as a motor provided on either the first guide rail 11 or the column 12, for example.
- a second guide rail 13 is provided on the column 12 along the Y axis perpendicular to the X axis, and a saddle 14 is attached to the column 12 so as to be movable in the Y direction.
- the saddle 14 moves on the second guide rail 13 by the driving force of a drive device D2 such as a motor provided on either the second guide rail 13 or the saddle 14, for example.
- the column 12 may be covered with a bellows-like cover.
- a laser head 20 is attached to the saddle 14 so as to be movable in the Z direction along the Z axis perpendicular to the X and Y axes.
- the laser head 20 is moved on the saddle 14 by the driving force of a drive device D3 such as a motor provided on either the saddle 14 or the laser head 20, for example.
- the laser head 20 is configured to process the sheet metal MP on the pedestal 10.
- the laser head 20 includes an optical system into which laser light sent from at least one laser oscillator 30 is introduced.
- Laser head 20 includes a torch 28 for laser processing.
- the nozzle 15 is configured to inject oil onto the workpiece W before being irradiated with laser by a laser head 20, which will be described later.
- First pump 16 is configured to pump oil to nozzle 15 . Oil is stored in an oil tank (not shown).
- FIG. 1 shows an example in which the nozzle 15 and the first pump 16 are attached to the saddle 14, they may be attached to the pedestal 10.
- At least one laser oscillator 30 outputs laser light for processing the sheet metal MP.
- Optical fiber 40 expandably connects at least one laser oscillator 30 and laser head 20 in order to supply laser light output from at least one laser oscillator 30 to laser head 20 .
- the optical fiber 40 has a first end 40a that receives laser light from at least one laser oscillator 30, and a second end 40b opposite to the first end 40a.
- the numerical control device 6 has a control circuit 7 including a hardware processor, memory, and the like.
- the control circuit 7 is configured to control at least one laser oscillator 30, the drive devices M1 to M3, and the first pump 16 so as to process the sheet metal MP.
- the drive devices D1 to D3 are collectively referred to as a transfer mechanism TM.
- the moving mechanism TM is configured to move the torch 28.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the laser head 20 of the laser processing machine 1 according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the laser head 20 taken along a cut plane passing through the optical axis RZ of the laser beam irradiated from the torch 28, in order to explain the optical system of the laser head 20.
- the laser head 20 includes a head main body 21, an upper unit 22, and a lower unit 23.
- the upper unit 22 is attached to the head body 21.
- Upper unit 22 includes a connector 25 and a mirror 26.
- the connector 25 is a connector for attaching the second end 40b of the optical fiber 40 to the laser head 20. Note that the optical fiber 40 connects to the connector 25, and the mirror 26 reflects the laser beam output from the connector 25 toward the lower unit 23.
- the lower unit 23 is attached to the head main body 21.
- the lower unit 23 is provided opposite the second end 40b of the optical fiber 40, and includes a lens 24 configured to focus the laser light transmitted through the optical fiber 40 and directed toward the workpiece W. That is, the laser processing machine 1 includes the lens 24.
- a separate lens may be provided between the connector 25 and the lens 24 to narrow down the light emitted from the second end 40b of the optical fiber 40.
- a torch 28 is attached to the tip of the lower unit 23.
- the upper unit 22, the head main body 21, the lower unit 23, and the torch 28 are provided with an optical path 27 through which the laser beam passes.
- the laser processing machine 1 includes a second pump 17 in the head main body 21.
- Second pump 17 is configured to deliver gas to torch 28 .
- Control circuit 7 is configured to control second pump 17 .
- This gas is, for example, oxygen gas for promoting melting of the workpiece W, but may also be air, nitrogen gas, or argon gas.
- the gas sent from the second pump will be referred to as assist gas AG.
- Assist gas AG is stored in gas storage 18 (see FIG. 1), and is sent to torch 28 via gas supply path 19.
- the torch 28 includes a connector 29 for connecting the gas supply path 19.
- the torch 28 has an opening 28h through which the light focused by the lens 24 and the gas to be sprayed onto the workpiece W pass.
- FIG. 3 is an internal configuration diagram of the optical fiber 40 according to the embodiment.
- the optical fiber 40 includes a first transmitting section 42, a second transmitting section 44, a reflector 46, and an additional reflector 48.
- the first transmitting section 42 has a cylindrical shape and is configured to transmit laser light.
- the reflector 46 is a tube-shaped member that covers the outer periphery of the first transmitting section 42 and is configured to reflect laser light at the interface with the first transmitting section 42 .
- the second transmission section 44 is a tube-shaped member that covers the outer periphery of the reflector 46, and is configured to transmit laser light. In other words, the second transmitting section 44 is provided around the first transmitting section 42 .
- the reflector 46 is provided between the first transmitting section 42 and the second transmitting section 44 .
- the reflector 46 is configured to reflect the laser beam at the interface with the second transmitting section 44 .
- the additional reflector 48 is a tubular member that covers the outer periphery of the second transmitting section 44 and is configured to reflect the laser beam at the interface with the second transmitting section 44 .
- FIGS. 4A to 4C show output examples of the laser light RL according to the embodiment.
- at least one laser oscillator 30 includes one laser oscillator 30A that emits laser light RL.
- the laser oscillator 30A is configured so that the positional relationship between the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL outputted by the laser oscillator 30A and the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 can be changed as shown in FIGS. 4A to 4C.
- FIG. 4A shows an example in which the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL and the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 are made to coincide.
- FIG. 4B shows an example in which the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL is directed slightly inward from the reflector 46.
- FIG. 4C shows an example in which the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL is directed near the center of the second transmission section 44.
- FIGS. 4A to 4C show the magnitude of the laser power density on the right side of the diagram of the optical fiber 40.
- the further the graph line goes to the right the higher the laser output density becomes.
- the laser output density reaches its maximum near the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 and gradually decreases.
- FIG. 4B when the optical fiber 40 is sufficiently long, due to the influence of diffuse reflection at the reflector 46 and the additional reflector 48, the laser output density is divided into two areas: near the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 and near the center of the second transmission section 44. This shows the case where there is a peak.
- the peak near the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 is larger than the peak near the center of the second transmission section 44.
- the peak near the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 is larger than the peak near the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40.
- the laser oscillator 30A is positioned at a position as shown in FIG. 4B, and the laser output density of the first transmission section 42 is made larger than the laser output density of the second transmission section 44. That is, the laser beam RL of one laser oscillator 30A is emitted in such a direction that a part of the laser beam RL is incident on the first transmitting part 42 and another part of the laser beam RL is incident on the second transmitting part 44. is adjusted. In other words, a laser beam is emitted from one laser oscillator 30A so that a portion of the laser beam RL is incident on the first transmission section 42 and another portion of the laser beam RL is incident on the second transmission section 44.
- first laser light RL1 and second laser light RL2 are generated.
- the laser beam output from the first transmitting section 42 will be referred to as a first laser beam RL1
- the laser beam output from the second transmitting section 44 will be referred to as a second laser beam RL2. Therefore, at least one laser oscillator 30 is configured to emit first laser light RL1 and second laser light RL2.
- the first transmission section 42 transmits the first laser light RL1.
- the second transmission section 44 transmits the second laser light RL2.
- FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram showing the piercing method according to the embodiment.
- the control circuit 7 sprays oil OIL onto the workpiece W to generate a coating portion WCP in which the oil OIL is coated on the workpiece W.
- the coating portion WCP is irradiated with the first laser beam RL1 and the second laser beam RL2, and a gas (assist gas AG) is blown onto the workpiece MEW melted by the first laser beam RL1.
- It is configured to control at least one laser oscillator 30 and the second pump 17 so as to make a piercing hole PH in the workpiece W.
- control circuit 7 controls the second laser beam RL2 so as to heat the root portion RT of the sputter SPT that scatters around the pierced hole PH when gas (assist gas AG) is sprayed onto the molten workpiece MEW.
- gas assistant gas AG
- the molten workpiece MEW refers to the workpiece W whose viscosity has been reduced to the extent that it is splattered by the assist gas AG by being heated.
- the root portion RT refers to a portion of the sputter SPT that is in contact with the workpiece MAW forming the pierced hole PH without interposing the oil OIL.
- FIG. 6 is another schematic diagram showing the piercing method according to the embodiment.
- the control circuit 7 generates spatter SPT in which the workpiece MEW melted by the first laser beam RL1 is scattered around the piercing hole PH by a gas (for example, assist gas AG).
- the moving mechanism TM and the second pump 17 are configured to be controlled so as to further spray gas (for example, assist gas AG) onto the moving mechanism TM and the second pump 17.
- the direction in which this gas is blown is different from the direction in which it is blown onto the molten workpiece MEW. Further, the gas blown at this time may be different from the gas for scattering the molten workpiece.
- the control circuit 7 moves the torch 28 along a circle CIR surrounding the pierced hole PH to spray gas (for example, assist gas AG) around the pierced hole PH. It is configured to control the TM and the second pump 17 accordingly.
- FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of the laser light RL from the torch 28 according to the embodiment.
- the laser beam RL is most focused at the focal point FP, and enters the surface of the covering portion WCP in a slightly expanded state.
- a portion of the covering portion WCP that is irradiated with the first laser beam RL1 is referred to as a central portion CP
- a portion that is irradiated with the second laser beam RL2 is referred to as a peripheral portion PP.
- the peripheral portion PP surrounds the central portion CP in the radial direction with respect to the optical axis RZ of the laser beam RL.
- the boundary between the central portion CP and the peripheral portion PP can be determined based on the position where the laser beam is virtually emitted from the reflectors 46 and 48 of the optical fiber 40 and reaches the workpiece W. Note that, as shown in FIG. 7, the assist gas AG is injected from the torch 28 so as to reach both the central portion CP and the peripheral portion PP.
- the laser output density of the first laser beam RL1 in the central portion CP is referred to as the first laser output density
- the laser output density of the second laser beam RL2 in the peripheral portion PP is referred to as the second laser output density.
- the first laser power density is greater than the second laser power density.
- the laser output density at the boundary portion BP between the central portion CP and the peripheral portion PP of the covering portion WCP is referred to as a third laser output density.
- the third laser power density is smaller than the first laser power density and the second laser power density.
- the first to third laser output densities differ between the upper surface WTP of the workpiece W and the lower surface WBP of the workpiece W due to the spread of the first laser beam RL1 and the second laser beam RL2.
- the diameter of the central portion CP on the upper surface WTP of the workpiece W is smaller than the diameter of the central portion CP on the lower surface WBP of the workpiece W.
- the diameter DBT of the peripheral portion PP on the upper surface WTP of the work W is smaller than the diameter DBB of the peripheral portion PP on the lower surface WBP of the work W. Therefore, the first to third laser power densities on the upper surface WTP of the workpiece W are higher than the first to third laser output densities on the lower surface WBP of the workpiece W.
- the value of the output density to the third laser output density is the average value of the central portion CP, peripheral portion PP, and boundary portion BP determined based on the virtual optical path of the reflectors 46 and 48 over the entire area.
- the first to third laser output densities are the cross-sectional portion of the central portion CP, the peripheral portion PP when the central plane CTP between the upper surface WTP and the lower surface WBP of the workpiece W is taken as a cross-section. is the average value of the laser output density in the cross-sectional portion of BP and the cross-sectional portion of the boundary portion BP. Further, when the pierced hole PH is pierced while the torch 28 moves in the direction along the optical axis RZ (Z direction), the average laser output density is defined as the first laser output density to the third laser output density. In the example of FIG.
- the diameter DCC of the cross section of the central plane CTP of the central portion CP may be regarded as a cylindrical shape
- the outer diameter DBC and the inner diameter DCC of the cross section of the central plane CTP of the peripheral portion PP are the outer diameter
- the first laser output density and the second laser output density are the output of at least one laser oscillator 30 (laser oscillator 30A) and the deviation DX between the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL and the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 (see FIG. 4B). , and the distance LW between the focal position FP and the covering portion WCP.
- the control circuit 7 can control the position of at least one laser oscillator 30 and the torch 28 so as to adjust these values.
- the first laser output density and the second laser output density satisfy the following conditions. [Condition 1]
- the first laser output density and the second laser output density are determined to such an extent that the central portion CP is perforated by the first laser beam RL1 and the second laser beam RL2.
- the first laser power density is such that the first laser light RL1 can heat the work W without perforating the outside of the peripheral portion PP. This does not hold true if the output of the first laser beam RL1 is too strong and melts the outside of the peripheral portion PP, or if the peripheral portion PP is too small. As shown in FIG.
- the root portion RT of the sputter SPT cannot be heated by the second laser beam RL2. If this happens, the root portion RT of the sputter SPT will solidify and become stuck to the workpiece MAW.
- the first laser power density is determined to inhibit such a condition. Further, the first laser power density may be determined taking into account that the workpiece W is also heated by the assist gas AG. [Condition 3]
- the second laser power density is such that the second laser light RL2 can heat the workpiece W without perforating the outside of the peripheral portion PP. This does not hold true if the output of the second laser beam RL2 is too strong and melts the outside of the peripheral portion PP.
- This condition is also a state in which the second laser beam RL2 cannot heat the root portion RT of the sputter SPT as shown in FIG. 8A, and the root portion RT of the sputter SPT solidifies and becomes stuck to the workpiece MAW. It is established to prevent In this case, the second laser output density may be determined in consideration of the fact that the workpiece W is also heated by the first laser beam RL1 and the assist gas AG. [Condition 4] The second laser output density is such that the workpiece MEW melted by the first laser beam RL1 is scattered around the piercing hole PH by the gas (assist gas AG), and sputter SPT forms the piercing hole PH.
- the laser output density is such that the second laser beam RL2 can heat the workpiece W without sticking to the workpiece MAW and solidifying it. If the second laser output density is too weak and the root portion RT of the sputter SPT sticks to the workpiece MAW, even if gas (assist gas AG) is subsequently blown as shown in FIG. It cannot be removed from the workpiece MAW. In this case, the second laser output density may be determined in consideration of the fact that the workpiece W is also heated by the first laser beam RL1 and the assist gas AG. [Condition 5] The second laser power density is such that the second laser light RL2 can heat the workpiece without causing spatter on the outside of the peripheral portion PP.
- the second laser power density is not so high as to perforate the outside of the peripheral portion PP.
- the second laser power density is such that the second laser beam RL2 melts a part of the outside of the peripheral portion PP, and the viscosity of the melted workpiece MEW is scattered by the assist gas AG. This is lower than the laser power density that is used.
- the root portion RT of the sputter SPT cannot be heated by the second laser beam RL2, and the root portion RT of the sputter SPT solidifies and becomes stuck to the workpiece MAW.
- the second laser power density is determined to prevent such conditions.
- the second laser output density may be determined taking into account that the workpiece W is also heated by the first laser beam RL1 and the assist gas AG.
- FIG. 9 is a flowchart of the laser piercing method according to the embodiment.
- the method sprays oil OIL onto the workpiece W to generate a coating portion WCP in which the workpiece W is coated with the oil OIL.
- the laser output density of the laser beam RL becomes a first laser output density in the central portion CP of the covering portion WCP that is irradiated with the laser beam RL, and The second laser output density is smaller than the first laser output density in a peripheral portion PP around
- the torch 28 is positioned with respect to the workpiece W so that the third laser power density is lower than the second laser power density, and the central portion CP matches the target position on the workpiece W.
- step S3 the method injects assist gas AG from the torch 28 toward the central portion CP of the positioned workpiece W.
- the method calculates the deviation DX between the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL and the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 and the output of the laser oscillator 30A so that [Condition 1] to [Condition 5] are satisfied.
- the laser beam RL is adjusted and irradiated toward the covering portion WCP.
- the workpiece W in the covering portion WCP is melted by the first laser beam RL1 irradiated to the central portion CP, and a gas (assist gas AG) is blown onto the melted workpiece MEW to melt it.
- a piercing hole PH can be made in the covering portion WCP.
- the workpiece W in the covering portion WCP is melted by the first laser beam RL1 to the extent that the outside of the peripheral portion PP is not perforated.
- the second laser beam RL2 irradiated to the peripheral portion PP is applied to the spatter SPT, which is the scattered workpiece W that is in contact with the workpiece MAW forming the pierced hole PH without an oil OIL. Heat the root part RT.
- the sputter SPT is heated by the second laser beam RL2 to such an extent that the sputter SPT does not stick to the workpiece MAW and solidify.
- the workpiece W is heated by the second laser beam RL2 to an extent that the outside of the peripheral portion PP is not perforated.
- the workpiece W is heated by the second laser beam RL2 to an extent that spatter SPT is not generated outside the peripheral portion PP.
- step S5 in this method, after heating the root portion RT of the sputter SPT, the torch 28 is moved to spray gas (assist gas AG) along a circle surrounding the root portion RT from outside the root portion RT. At this time, operations such as raising and lowering the torch 28 may be included in order to float the sputter SPT.
- step S6 the method sprays gas (assist gas AG) around the root portion RT from the torch 28 without irradiating the laser beam RL. Accordingly, the method removes the sputter SPT from the workpiece MAW by spraying the gas (assist gas AG) onto the sputter SPT.
- the sheet metal MP used in the experiment was SS400 steel with a plate thickness of 9.0 mm.
- the position of the torch 28 is adjusted so that the upper surface WTP of the workpiece W is located at a height of 8.5 mm from the focal point position.
- the diameter DC (see FIG. 7) of the region R1 through which the first laser beam RL1 passes is 0.234 mm
- the diameter DP (see FIG. 7) of the region R2 through which the second laser beam RL2 passes is 0.234 mm. It is 806mm.
- the diameter DCC of the central portion CP in the central plane CTP of the work W is 1.066 mm, and the diameter DBC of the peripheral portion PP in the central plane CTP of the work W is 1.492 mm.
- the laser oscillator 30A punches a hole by heating for 0.1 seconds at 1000 W and a duty ratio of 15%. Thereafter, the deviation DX between the optical axis Ax1 and the central axis Ax2 was changed to cause the laser oscillator 30A to output a laser beam RL of 9000 W and a duty ratio of 25%.
- the wind pressure of the assist gas injected in step S3 is 0.4 MPa.
- FIG. 10 shows the diameter of the piercing hole and an image of the piercing mark when piercing is performed while changing the output ratio of the first transparent part 42 and the second transparent part 44 corresponding to the deviation DX. Further, the image of the piercing mark and the diameter of the piercing hole in FIG. 10 show the results of the processing up to step S4. Samples 1 to 9 all satisfy [Condition 1] because they were able to generate piercing holes with hole diameters larger than 1.1 mm. Samples 5 to 9 all produce pierced holes with hole diameters larger than 1.4 mm, and considering that the first laser output density is lower than that of sample 4, they do not meet [condition 3]. Give an example. Sample 0 shows an example in which [Condition 4] is not satisfied because the second laser output density is substantially low.
- samples 1 to 3 as the value of the sample increases, the number of sputters SPT in which the root portion RT is ideally heated increases, and these spatters are removed by the assist gas injected in step S3.
- An example is shown in which the number of sputter SPTs decreases.
- [Condition 1] to [Condition 5] are satisfied, and as the value representing the sample becomes larger, it is shown that [Condition 4] is satisfied in a more ideal state.
- Sample 3 has [Condition 4] in a more ideal state, and the strength of the root portion of the sputter SPT is so low that the sputter SPT can be removed only by the wind pressure of the assist gas injected in step S3. can do.
- [Condition 4] can be confirmed by comparing the amount of sputtering with the amount of sputtering when the second laser output density is set to substantially 0 and checking whether the amount of sputtering has decreased.
- the case where the second laser output density is substantially 0 means that the optical axis Ax1 of the laser beam RL outputted by the laser oscillator 30A and the central axis Ax2 of the optical fiber 40 are made to match, and the laser beam RL is output with the same output. This means when outputted as .
- At least one laser oscillator 30 is composed of two laser oscillators, a laser oscillator that outputs the first laser beam RL1 and a laser oscillator that outputs the second laser beam RL2, the laser that outputs the first laser beam RL1
- the output of the laser oscillator that outputs the second laser beam RL2 is set to 0 without changing the output of the oscillator.
- At least one laser oscillator 30 includes one laser oscillator 30A that emits a laser beam, but the first laser beam and the second laser beam may be emitted from different laser oscillators. It may also be laser light.
- the method of moving the torch 28 shown in step S5 is not limited to the circle CIR, but may also be an ellipse, and the torch 28 may be moved closer to or farther away from the workpiece W during rotation.
- the laser processing machine 1 that processes sheet metal MP is mentioned, but it can also be applied to a laser processing machine that processes pipes and the like.
- the laser head 20 may be rotatable around rotational axes parallel to each of the X-axis and the Y-axis so as to enable three-dimensional processing.
- member can have multiple meanings, such as a single part or multiple parts.
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Abstract
Description
<実施形態>
<レーザ加工機1の構成>
図1は、本発明の実施形態に係るレーザ加工機1の外観構成を示す概略構成図である。図1に示すX軸は、レーザ加工機1の奥行方向に沿い、Y軸は、レーザ加工機1の幅方向に沿い、Z軸は、レーザ加工機1の高さ方向に沿っている。以下、X軸、Y軸、及び、Z軸に沿う方向を、それぞれX方向、Y方向、及び、Z方向と呼称する。図1に示されるように、レーザ加工機1は、台座(base)10、第1ガイドレール11、コラム12、第2ガイドレール13、サドル14、ノズル15、第1ポンプ16、レーザヘッド(laser head)20、少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器30、光ファイバー40、及び、数値制御装置(numerical control apparatus)6を備える。レーザ加工機1は、台座10上の板金(metal plate)MPを加工するための装置である。板金MPは、例えば、軟鋼、SUS、アルミニウム鋼、真鍮、銅である。なお、板金MPのことをワークWと呼称してもよい。台座10は、複数の突条(elongated projections)を備えてもよい。台座10上のY方向の両端には、Y方向に沿って一対の第1ガイドレール11が取付けられており、第1ガイドレール11上には、コラム12が第1ガイドレール11上を移動自在に取り付けられている。コラム12は、例えば、第1ガイドレール11とコラム12とのいずれかに設けられたモータなどの駆動装置D1による駆動力によって、第1ガイドレール11上を移動する。
[条件1]第1レーザ出力密度と第2レーザ出力密度は、第1レーザ光RL1と第2レーザ光RL2とによって中央部分CPが穿孔される程度に定められる。これは、第1レーザ光RL1と第2レーザ光RL2とがあるレーザ光RLをワークWに照射した際に中央部分CPが穿孔されるか否かで識別される。なお、第1レーザ出力密度と第2レーザ出力密度は、アシストガスAGによってもワークWが加熱されることも考慮して定められてもよい。
[条件2]第1レーザ出力密度は、周辺部分PPの外側を穿孔しない程度に第1レーザ光RL1がワークWを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である。第1レーザ光RL1の出力が強すぎて周辺部分PPの外側を溶融してしまうか、周辺部分PPが小さすぎる場合に成立しない。図8Aのように、第1レーザ光RL1が周辺部分PPの外側を穿孔してしまうと、第2レーザ光RL2によってスパッタSPTの根元部分RTを加熱することができない。そうすると、スパッタSPTの根元部分RTが凝固してしまい、被加工ワークMAWと固着してしまう。第1レーザ出力密度は、そのような状態を抑止するように定められる。また、第1レーザ出力密度は、アシストガスAGによってもワークWが加熱されることも考慮して定められてもよい。
[条件3]第2レーザ出力密度は、周辺部分PPの外側を穿孔しない程度に第2レーザ光RL2がワークWを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である。第2レーザ光RL2の出力が強すぎて周辺部分PPの外側を溶融してしまう場合に成立しない。この条件も図8Aのように第2レーザ光RL2によってスパッタSPTの根元部分RTを加熱することができず、スパッタSPTの根元部分RTが凝固してしまい、被加工ワークMAWと固着してしまう状態を抑止するために設けられる。この場合において、第2レーザ出力密度は、第1レーザ光RL1やアシストガスAGによってもワークWが加熱されることも考慮して定められてもよい。
[条件4]第2レーザ出力密度は、第1レーザ光RL1によって溶融されたワークMEWがガス(アシストガスAG)によってピアス穴PHの周囲に飛び散らされたスパッタSPTがピアス穴PHを形成する被加工ワークMAWに固着して凝固しない程度に第2レーザ光RL2がワークWを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である。第2レーザ出力密度が弱すぎて、スパッタSPTの根元部分RTが被加工ワークMAWに固着してしまうと、その後に図6のようにガス(アシストガスAG)を吹き付けたとしても、スパッタSPTを被加工ワークMAWから取り除くことはできない。この場合において、第2レーザ出力密度は、第1レーザ光RL1やアシストガスAGによってもワークWが加熱されることも考慮して定められてもよい。
[条件5]第2レーザ出力密度は、周辺部分PPの外側にスパッタを生じさせない程度に第2レーザ光RL2がワークを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である。第2レーザ出力密度は、周辺部分PPの外側を穿孔するほど、高くはない。しかし、第2レーザ出力密度は、図8Bに示されるように、第2レーザ光RL2が周辺部分PPの外側の一部を溶融させて、その溶融されたワークMEWの粘度がアシストガスAGによって飛び散らされる程度のレーザ出力密度よりは低い。図8Bのような状態では、第2レーザ光RL2によってスパッタSPTの根元部分RTを加熱することができず、スパッタSPTの根元部分RTが凝固してしまい、被加工ワークMAWと固着してしまう。第2レーザ出力密度は、そのような状態を抑止するように定められる。この場合においても、第2レーザ出力密度は、第1レーザ光RL1やアシストガスAGによってもワークWが加熱されることも考慮して定められてもよい。
<検証実験>
上述するレーザピアッシング方法の有効性及び上述する条件の有効性を検証するために以下のような検証実験を行った。実験に使用した板金MPは、板厚が9.0mmのSS400鋼である。トーチ28の位置は、焦点位置から8.5mmの高さにワークWの上面WTPが位置するように調整されている。焦点位置において、第1レーザ光RL1が通過する領域R1の径DC(図7参照)は、0.234mm、第2レーザ光RL2が通過する領域R2の径DP(図7参照)は、0.806mmである。ワークWの中心面CTPにおける中央部分CPの径DCCは1.066mm、ワークWの中心面CTPにおける周辺部分PPの径DBCは1.492mmである。事前準備として、図4Aのようにレーザ光RLの光軸Ax1を位置決めした上で、レーザ発振器30Aは、1000Wのデューティー比15%で0.1秒加熱することによってポンチ穴を空ける。その後、光軸Ax1と中心軸Ax2とのずれDXを変えて、レーザ発振器30Aに9000Wで、デューティー比25%のレーザ光RLを出力させた。なお、ステップS3において噴射されるアシストガスの風圧は、0.4MPaである。
<本実施形態におけるレーザピアッシング方法の特徴及び効果>
本実施形態にかかるレーザピアッシング方法及びレーザ加工機1は、周辺部分PPに照射される第2レーザ光RL2によって、ピアス穴PHを形成する被加工ワークMAWとオイルOILを介さずに接している、飛び散らされたワークWであるスパッタSPTの根元部分RTを加熱する。このため、レーザピアッシング方法及びレーザ加工機1は、根元部分RTが凝固することを抑止し、スパッタSPTの除去を容易にし、加工品質を向上させることができる。
<変形例>
上述の実施形態では、少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器30は、レーザ光を発する1つのレーザ発振器30Aを備える場合を示しているが、第1レーザ光と、第2レーザ光が異なるレーザ発振器から発せられたレーザ光であってもよい。また、ステップS5に示すトーチ28の動かし方は円CIRに限らず、楕円であってもよく、回転中にトーチ28をワークWに近づけたり離したりしてもよい。
Claims (15)
- ワークにオイルを吹き付けて、前記ワーク上に前記オイルが被覆された被覆部を生成し、
レーザ光のレーザ出力密度が、前記被覆部のうちの前記レーザ光が照射される中央部分において第1レーザ出力密度となり、前記被覆部のうちの前記中央部分の周囲の周辺部分において前記第1レーザ出力密度よりも小さい第2レーザ出力密度となり、前記被覆部のうちの前記中央部分と前記周辺部分との間の境界部分において前記第2レーザ出力密度よりも小さい第3レーザ出力密度となるように、前記レーザ光を前記被覆部に照射し、
前記中央部分に照射される第1レーザ光によって前記被覆部内の前記ワークを溶融させて、溶融させたワークにガスを吹き付けて前記溶融させたワークを前記中央部分の周囲に飛び散らすことによって前記被覆部にピアス穴をあけ、
前記周辺部分に照射される第2レーザ光によって、前記ピアス穴を形成する被加工ワークと前記オイルを介さずに接している、飛び散らされたワークであるスパッタの根元部分を加熱することを含む、
レーザピアッシング方法。
- 前記根元部分を加熱した後に、前記スパッタにガスを吹き付けることによって前記スパッタを前記被加工ワークから取り除くことをさらに含む、
請求項1に記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 前記スパッタを前記被加工ワークから取り除くことは、前記根元部分の外側から前記根元部分を取り囲む円に沿ってトーチを動かして前記トーチから前記根元部分の周囲にガスを吹き付けることを含む、
請求項2に記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 前記スパッタが前記被加工ワークに固着して凝固しない程度に前記第2レーザ光によって前記スパッタを加熱する、請求項1から3に記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 前記周辺部分の外側を穿孔しない程度に前記第2レーザ光によって前記ワークを加熱する、
請求項1から4のいずれかに記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 前記周辺部分の外側を穿孔しない程度に前記第1レーザ光によって前記被覆部内の前記ワークを溶融させる、
請求項5に記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 前記周辺部分の外側にスパッタを生じさせない程度に前記第2レーザ光によって前記ワークを加熱する、
請求項5または6に記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 第1透過部と、前記第1透過部の周囲に設けられる第2透過部と、前記第1透過部と前記第2透過部との間に設けられたリフレクタとを含む光ファイバーを用意し、
前記レーザ光の一部が前記第1透過部に入射し、前記レーザ光の別の一部が前記第2透過部に入射するように、1つのレーザ発振器から前記レーザ光を発することによって、前記第1レーザ光と前記第2レーザ光とを生成する、
請求項1から7に記載のレーザピアッシング方法。
- 第1レーザ光と第2レーザ光とを発するように構成される少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器と、
前記少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器からの前記第1レーザ光と前記第2レーザ光を受ける第1端と、前記第1端と反対の第2端とを有し、前記第1レーザ光を伝達する第1透過部と、前記第1透過部の周囲に設けられ、前記第2レーザ光を伝達する第2透過部と、前記第1透過部と前記第2透過部との間に設けられたリフレクタとを含む光ファイバーと、
前記光ファイバーの前記第2端に対向して設けられ、前記光ファイバーを透過して出る前記第1レーザ光と前記第2レーザ光をワークに向けて絞るように構成されるレンズと、
前記レンズによって絞られた光と、前記ワークに吹き付けるためのガスとが通過する開口を有するトーチと、
前記トーチを移動させるように構成される移動機構と、
前記ワークにオイルを噴射するように構成されるノズルと、
前記ノズルに前記オイルを送るように構成される第1ポンプと、
前記トーチに前記ガスを送るように構成される第2ポンプと、
前記少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器、前記第1ポンプ、前記第2ポンプ、及び、前記移動機構を制御するように構成される制御回路と、
を備え、
前記制御回路は、前記ワークに前記オイルを吹き付けて前記ワーク上に前記オイルが被覆された被覆部を生成するように前記第1ポンプを制御した後、前記第1レーザ光と前記第2レーザ光とを前記被覆部に照射するとともに、前記第1レーザ光によって溶融された前記ワークに前記ガスを吹き付けることで前記被覆部にピアス穴をあけるように、前記少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器と前記第2ポンプとを制御するように構成され、
前記被覆部のうち前記第1レーザ光が照射される中央部分でのレーザ出力密度が第1レーザ出力密度となり、前記被覆部のうち前記第2レーザ光が照射される周辺部分でのレーザ出力密度が前記第1レーザ出力密度よりも小さい第2レーザ出力密度となり、前記被覆部のうちの前記中央部分と前記周辺部分との間の境界部分でのレーザ出力密度が前記第2レーザ出力密度よりも小さい第3レーザ出力密度となる、レーザ加工機。
- 前記制御回路は、前記第1レーザ光によって溶融されたワークが前記ガスによって前記ピアス穴の周囲に飛び散らされたスパッタにさらにガスを吹き付けるように、前記移動機構及び前記第2ポンプを制御するように構成される、請求項9に記載のレーザ加工機。
- 前記制御回路は、前記ピアス穴を取り囲む円に沿って前記トーチを動かして前記ピアス穴の周囲にガスを吹き付けるように前記移動機構及び前記第2ポンプを制御するように構成される、請求項10に記載のレーザ加工機。
- 前記第2レーザ出力密度は、前記第1レーザ光によって溶融されたワークが前記ガスによって前記ピアス穴の周囲に飛び散らされたスパッタが前記ピアス穴を形成する被加工ワークに固着して凝固しない程度に前記第2レーザ光が前記ワークを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である、
請求項9から11のいずれかに記載のレーザ加工機。
- 前記第1レーザ出力密度は、前記周辺部分の外側を穿孔しない程度に前記第1レーザ光が前記ワークを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度であって、
前記第2レーザ出力密度は、前記周辺部分の外側を穿孔しない程度に前記第2レーザ光が前記ワークを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である、請求項9から12のいずれかに記載のレーザ加工機。
- 前記第2レーザ出力密度は、前記周辺部分の外側にスパッタを生じさせない程度に前記第2レーザ光が前記ワークを加熱可能な程度のレーザ出力密度である、
請求項13に記載のレーザ加工機。
- 前記少なくとも1つのレーザ発振器は、レーザ光を発する1つのレーザ発振器を備え、
前記レーザ光の一部が前記第1透過部に入射し、前記レーザ光の別の一部が前記第2透過部に入射するように、前記1つのレーザ発振器の前記レーザ光の発する向きが調整される、
請求項9から14のいずれかに記載のレーザ加工機。
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| JPH10305387A (ja) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-11-17 | Amada Co Ltd | レーザ加工方法及びレーザ加工機 |
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| JP2000084686A (ja) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-28 | Tanaka Seisakusho Kk | レーザピアシング方法およびレーザ加工用ノズルおよびレーザ切断装置 |
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| WO2017134964A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-05 | 2017-08-10 | 村田機械株式会社 | レーザ加工機およびレーザ加工方法 |
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| JP4562995B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-22 | 2010-10-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | レーザピアシング加工方法、レーザ切断加工物の生産方法及びレーザ加工機 |
| DE112014006885B4 (de) * | 2014-10-17 | 2018-03-29 | Mitsubishi Electric Corporation | Laserbearbeitungsverfahren und Laserbearbeitungsvorrichtung |
| EP3551372B1 (en) * | 2016-12-08 | 2022-09-14 | Corelase OY | Laser processing apparatus and method of cutting a workpiece with a laser beam |
| DE112019004246T5 (de) * | 2018-11-12 | 2021-05-27 | Panasonic Intellectual Property Management Co., Ltd. | Optische faserstrukturen und verfahren zur strahlformung |
| CN111618430A (zh) * | 2019-02-28 | 2020-09-04 | 通快机床两合公司 | 激光穿刺方法及相应控制器、激光加工机和可读程序载体 |
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| JPH10305387A (ja) * | 1997-05-08 | 1998-11-17 | Amada Co Ltd | レーザ加工方法及びレーザ加工機 |
| JPH11151590A (ja) * | 1997-11-17 | 1999-06-08 | Tanaka Seisakusho Kk | レーザ切断装置 |
| JP2000084686A (ja) * | 1998-09-09 | 2000-03-28 | Tanaka Seisakusho Kk | レーザピアシング方法およびレーザ加工用ノズルおよびレーザ切断装置 |
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