WO2024090039A1 - 光検出装置及び電子機器 - Google Patents
光検出装置及び電子機器 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024090039A1 WO2024090039A1 PCT/JP2023/032280 JP2023032280W WO2024090039A1 WO 2024090039 A1 WO2024090039 A1 WO 2024090039A1 JP 2023032280 W JP2023032280 W JP 2023032280W WO 2024090039 A1 WO2024090039 A1 WO 2024090039A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04N—PICTORIAL COMMUNICATION, e.g. TELEVISION
- H04N25/00—Circuitry of solid-state image sensors [SSIS]; Control thereof
- H04N25/70—SSIS architectures; Circuits associated therewith
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F39/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one element covered by group H10F30/00, e.g. radiation detectors comprising photodiode arrays
- H10F39/10—Integrated devices
- H10F39/12—Image sensors
Definitions
- This technology (the technology disclosed herein) relates to a light detection device and electronic equipment.
- a photodetector has been proposed that includes, for example, a first substrate having a photoelectric conversion section, a transfer transistor, and a charge storage section (FD: Floating Diffusion), and a second substrate that is stacked on the first substrate and has pixel transistors other than the transfer transistor (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the photoelectric conversion section, transfer transistor, and FD are disposed on different substrates from the pixel transistors other than the transfer transistor, so that these areas are secured and pixel characteristics can be maintained even if the pixel size is miniaturized.
- the present disclosure aims to provide a photodetector and electronic device that can prevent the placement of transfer gates and charge storage sections from becoming difficult due to the reduction in pixel size.
- the photodetector disclosed herein comprises (a) a semiconductor substrate, (b) a trench portion that divides the semiconductor substrate into a plurality of element regions, (c) a photoelectric conversion portion formed within the element region that generates and accumulates an electric charge according to the amount of light received, (d) a charge retention portion formed within the element region that retains the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion portion, and (e) a transfer transistor that transfers the electric charge accumulated by the photoelectric conversion portion to the charge retention portion, (f) the charge retention portion is formed to reach a predetermined depth within the element region from a first surface that is the surface opposite the light incident surface of the element region, and (g) the transfer transistor has a gate electrode that continuously covers at least a portion of the first surface that avoids the first region that is the region of the first surface of the element region where the charge retention portion is formed, and at least a portion of the second surface that is the surface of the element region on the trench portion side.
- the electronic device disclosed herein comprises (a) a semiconductor substrate, (b) a trench portion that divides the semiconductor substrate into a plurality of element regions, (c) a photoelectric conversion portion formed within the element region that generates and accumulates an electric charge according to the amount of light received, (d) a charge retention portion formed within the element region that retains the electric charge generated by the photoelectric conversion portion, (e) and a transfer transistor that transfers the electric charge accumulated by the photoelectric conversion portion to the charge retention portion, (f) the charge retention portion is formed to reach a predetermined depth within the element region from a first surface that is the surface opposite the light incident surface of the element region, and (g) the transfer transistor comprises a photodetector having a gate electrode that continuously covers at least a portion of the first surface that avoids the first region that is the region of the first surface of the element region where the charge retention portion is formed, and at least a portion of the second surface that is the surface of the element region on the trench portion side.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to a first embodiment
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a pixel.
- 2 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the solid-state imaging device taken along line AA in FIG. 1.
- 4 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the solid-state imaging device taken along line BB in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a connection state between an FD and a pixel transistor.
- 4 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode when cut along line CC in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view showing a configuration of an element region and a gate electrode.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the operation of the solid-state imaging device.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a well electrode when cut along line DD in FIG. 3.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for forming a gate electrode.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for forming a gate electrode.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for forming a gate electrode.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for forming a gate electrode.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for forming a gate electrode.
- 1A to 1C are diagrams illustrating a method for forming a gate electrode.
- 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a gate electrode taken along line EE in FIG. 11.
- 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to a modified example.
- 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of a gate electrode according to a modified example.
- FIG. FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state imaging device according to a modified example.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of a solid-state
- FIGS. 1 to 34 an example of a light detection device and electronic device according to an embodiment of the present disclosure will be described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 34.
- the embodiments of the present disclosure will be described in the following order. Note that the present disclosure is not limited to the following examples.
- the effects described in this specification are illustrative and not limiting, and other effects may also be present.
- Solid-state imaging device 1-1 Overall configuration of solid-state imaging device 1-2 Pixel circuit configuration 1-3 Configuration of main parts 1-4 Method of forming gate electrode 1-5 Modification 2.
- Second embodiment Application to electronic device
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing an overall configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the first embodiment.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 in Fig. 1 is a back-illuminated CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) image sensor. As shown in Fig.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- the solid-state imaging device 1 (1002) captures image light (incident light) from a subject via a lens group 1001, converts the amount of incident light focused on an imaging surface into an electrical signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis, and outputs the electrical signal.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 includes a pixel region 2, a vertical drive circuit 3, a column signal processing circuit 4, a horizontal drive circuit 5, an output circuit 6, and a control circuit .
- the pixel region 2 has a plurality of pixels 8 arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- Each pixel 8 has a photoelectric conversion unit 12 and a plurality of pixel transistors, as shown in Figures 2 and 3.
- As the plurality of pixel transistors for example, a transfer transistor 13, a reset transistor 14, an amplification transistor 15, and a selection transistor 16 can be used (see Figure 2).
- the vertical drive circuit 3 is configured by, for example, a shift register, and sequentially outputs a selection pulse ⁇ SEL (see FIG. 2 ) to pixel drive wiring 9 to sequentially select each pixel 8 in the pixel area 2 on a row-by-row basis, and outputs a pixel signal of the selected pixel 8 to the column signal processing circuit 4 through a vertical signal line 10.
- the pixel signal is a signal obtained by charges generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- the column signal processing circuit 4 is arranged, for example, for each column of pixels 8, and performs signal processing for each pixel column on pixel signals output from one row of pixels 8. For example, correlated double sampling (CDS) for removing fixed pattern noise specific to pixels and AD (Analog Digital) conversion can be used as the signal processing.
- the horizontal drive circuit 5 is, for example, composed of a shift register, and sequentially outputs horizontal scanning pulses to the column signal processing circuits 4, selects each of the column signal processing circuits 4 in turn, and causes the selected column signal processing circuit 4 to output a signal-processed pixel signal to the horizontal signal line 11.
- the output circuit 6 performs signal processing on the pixel signals sequentially output from each of the column signal processing circuits 4 through the horizontal signal line 11, and outputs the processed signal.
- various types of digital signal processing such as buffering, black level adjustment, column variation correction, etc. can be used.
- the control circuit 7 generates clock signals and control signals that serve as a reference for the operation of the vertical drive circuit 3, the column signal processing circuit 4, the horizontal drive circuit 5, etc., based on a vertical synchronization signal, a horizontal synchronization signal, and a master clock signal (not shown). Then, the control circuit 7 outputs the generated clock signals and control signals to the vertical drive circuit 3, the column signal processing circuit 4, the horizontal drive circuit 5, etc.
- the pixel 8 has a photoelectric conversion unit 12, four pixel transistors (a transfer transistor 13, a reset transistor 14, an amplification transistor 15, and a selection transistor 16), and a floating diffusion (hereinafter also referred to as "FD 17").
- a transfer transistor 13 a reset transistor 14, an amplification transistor 15, and a selection transistor 16
- FD 17 a floating diffusion
- an n-channel MOS transistor can be used as the transfer transistor 13, the reset transistor 14, the amplification transistor 15, and the selection transistor 16.
- the FD 17 is a charge holding unit that holds the charge (e.g., electrons) generated in the photoelectric conversion unit 12.
- an n-type semiconductor region formed by ion-implanting n-type impurities at a high concentration can be used.
- the pixel 8 is provided with, for example, a transfer line 18, a reset line 19, and a selection line 20 as pixel drive wiring 9, which are common to each pixel 8 in the same row.
- One end of each of the transfer line 18, the reset line 19, and the selection line 20 is connected to the vertical drive circuit 3.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 has an anode electrode electrically connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential (e.g., ground), and a cathode electrode connected to a gate electrode of the amplification transistor 15 via the transfer transistor 13.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 generates electric charges according to the amount of received light.
- the transfer transistor 13 is connected between the cathode electrode of the photoelectric conversion unit 12 and the FD 17.
- a high-level (e.g., Vdd) active (hereinafter also referred to as "High active”) transfer pulse ⁇ TRF is applied to the gate electrode of the transfer transistor 13 via a transfer line 18.
- Vdd high-level
- High active transfer pulse ⁇ TRF is applied to the gate electrode, the transfer transistor 13 is turned on and transfers the charge accumulated in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the FD 17.
- the drain electrode of the reset transistor 14 is connected to the pixel power supply Vdd, and the source electrode is connected to the FD 17.
- a high active reset pulse ⁇ RST is applied to the gate electrode of the reset transistor 14 via a reset line 19 before the transfer transistor 13 transfers the charge from the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the FD 17.
- the reset pulse ⁇ RST is applied to the gate electrode, the reset transistor 14 is turned on, and the charge accumulated in the FD 17 is discharged to the pixel power supply Vdd, resetting the FD 17.
- the amplifier transistor 15 has a gate electrode connected to the FD 17 and a drain electrode connected to a pixel power supply Vdd. After being reset, the amplifier transistor 15 outputs, as a pixel signal, a signal corresponding to the potential of the FD 17 after the transfer transistor 13 transfers the charge.
- the selection transistor 16 has a drain electrode connected to the source electrode of the amplification transistor 15, and a source electrode connected to the vertical signal line 10.
- a high active selection pulse ⁇ SEL is applied to the gate electrode of the selection transistor 16 via a selection line 20. When the selection pulse ⁇ SEL is applied to the gate electrode, the selection transistor 16 is turned on and outputs the pixel signal output from the amplification transistor 15 to the vertical signal line 10.
- Fig. 3 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1 taken along line AA in Fig. 1.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 is configured by stacking a first substrate 100, a second substrate 200, and a third substrate 300 in this order from the light incident surface side of the solid-state imaging device 1.
- the first substrate 100 has a photoelectric conversion unit 12, a transfer transistor 13, and an FD 17.
- the second substrate 200 has a pixel transistor 21 that reads out the charge held in the FD 17.
- the third substrate 300 has a logic circuit 22 that processes a pixel signal obtained by the charge read out by the second substrate 200.
- Examples of the logic circuit 22 include a vertical drive circuit 3, a column signal processing circuit 4, a horizontal drive circuit 5, an output circuit 6, and a control circuit 7 (see FIG. 1).
- a color filter 23 and a microlens 24 are stacked in this order on the light incidence surface (hereinafter also referred to as the "rear surface S1") side of the first substrate 100.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a case in which one color filter 23 and one microlens 24 are arranged for four photoelectric conversion units 12 arranged in a 2 ⁇ 2 array.
- the first substrate 100 also includes a semiconductor substrate 25 and a wiring layer 28.
- the second substrate 200 also includes a semiconductor layer 200S and a wiring layer 200T.
- the third substrate 300 also includes a semiconductor layer 300S and a wiring layer 300T. These are arranged in the order of the semiconductor substrate 25, the wiring layer 28, the semiconductor layer 200S, the wiring layer 200T, the wiring layer 300T, and the semiconductor layer 300S.
- the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200 i.e., the FD 17 and the pixel transistor 21
- the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 are also electrically connected, for example, via an electrode pad 201 exposed on the surface of the wiring layer 200T and an electrode pad 301 exposed on the surface of the wiring layer 300T.
- the electrode pad 201 may be made of, for example, copper (Cu) or aluminum (Al).
- the first substrate 100 is configured by laminating a semiconductor substrate 25, an insulating film 26, and a planarization film 27 in this order from the second substrate 200 side.
- a wiring layer 28 is disposed on the surface of the semiconductor substrate 25 facing the second substrate 200 (hereinafter also referred to as "surface S2").
- the semiconductor substrate 25 is, for example, a silicon (Si) substrate.
- a photoelectric conversion unit 12 is formed in each region of each pixel 8. That is, a plurality of photoelectric conversion units 12 are arranged in a two-dimensional array in the semiconductor substrate 25.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 has a well region 12a of a first conductivity type (e.g., p-type) and a second conductivity type region 12b of a second conductivity type (conductivity type opposite to the first conductivity type, e.g., n-type) that forms a pn junction with the well region 12a.
- the well region 12a is continuously formed on the entire sidewall surface S4 (broadly speaking, the "second surface") side of the trench portion 29, the entire light incidence surface (hereinafter also referred to as the "rear surface S3") of the element region 30, and the entire surface S2 of the element region 30.
- the well region 12a is exposed to the entire back surface S3 side of the element region 30, the entire side wall surface S4 side of the element region 30, and the entire front surface S2 (broadly speaking, the "first surface”; the surface opposite to the light incident surface) side of the element region 30.
- the thickness of the part of the well region 12a located on the front surface S2 side of the element region 30 is thicker than the thickness of the part located on the back surface S3 side.
- the second conductive type region 12b is formed in a central region in the element region 30 so as to contact the well region 12a.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 forms a photodiode with a pn junction between the well region 12a and the second conductive type region 12b, and generates charges (e.g., electrons) according to the amount of light received.
- the photoelectric conversion unit 12 accumulates charges generated by photoelectric conversion in the electrostatic capacitance generated by the pn junction.
- trench portions 29 are formed in all the regions between the adjacent photoelectric conversion portions 12. That is, the trench portions 29 are formed in a lattice shape so as to surround each of the photoelectric conversion portions 12.
- the trench portions 29 penetrate the semiconductor substrate 25 from the back surface S3 side to the front surface S2 side.
- the trench portions 29 divide the semiconductor substrate 25 into a plurality of regions (hereinafter, also referred to as "element regions 30").
- the photoelectric conversion portions 12 are formed within the element regions 30.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing the cross-sectional configuration of the solid-state imaging device 1 when broken along the line B-B in FIG. 3.
- the element region 30 is cubic having four faces (side wall faces S4) on the trench portion 29 side.
- FD17 is formed in the element region 30 in the region on the surface S2 side of the element region 30 (the surface side opposite to the light incident surface). FD17 is formed in the center of the element region 30 when viewed from the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25. FD17 is also formed so as to reach a predetermined depth in the element region 30 from the surface S2 of the element region 30. As a result, FD17 is exposed to the surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 25. The depth (predetermined depth) at which the tip of FD17 is located is less than the thickness of the portion of the well region 12a located on the surface S2 side of the element region 30.
- FD17 is composed of an n-type semiconductor region and holds the charge transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to FD17 by the gate electrode 33.
- the FD 17 extends in the thickness direction of the first substrate 100 and is electrically connected to the wiring of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200 via a contact 31 (broadly speaking, an "electrode") that reaches from the first substrate 100 to the second substrate 200, and is electrically connected to the pixel transistor 21 (for example, the gate electrode of the amplification transistor 15 (see FIG. 2)).
- each of the FDs 17 is electrically connected to a contact 31 arranged opposite the surface S2 of the element region 30.
- the contact 31 is electrically connected to the region of the surface S2 of the element region 30 where the FD 17 is formed (the region where the FD 17 is exposed.
- first region 47 also referred to as the "first region 47").
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing the planar configuration of the gate electrode when broken along line C-C in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 7 is a perspective view showing the configuration of the element region 30 and the gate electrode 33.
- the gate electrode 33 has a flat surface electrode 34 that covers the surface S2 of the element region 30, and a flat side electrode 35 that covers each of the four side wall surfaces S4 (surfaces on the trench portion 29 side) of the element region 30.
- the surface electrode 34 By having the surface electrode 34, the area of the gate electrode 33 on the second substrate 200 side can be increased, the contact 39 for the gate electrode 33 can be prevented from stepping off the gate electrode 33, and a double contact can be formed as the contact 39.
- the surface electrode 34 is arranged to avoid the area (first region 47) where the FD 17 is exposed on the surface S2 of the element region 30, and has an opening (hereinafter also referred to as the "first opening 36") that exposes the first region 47. 6 and 7, an example of a rectangular opening is shown as an example of the first opening 36, but the present invention is not limited thereto, and openings of various shapes such as polygonal and circular shapes can be used.
- the contact 31 and the FD 17 are electrically connected through the first opening 36.
- the gate electrode 33 continuously covers at least a part of the surface S2 of the element region 30 (broadly speaking, the "first surface"), which avoids the region (first region 47) in which the FD 17 is formed, and at least a part of the surface of the element region 30 on the trench portion 29 side (broadly speaking, the "second surface”; side wall surface S4).
- FIG. 3 illustrates a case in which, at the end of the surface S2 side of the element region 30, the entire region of the surface S2 of the element region 30 in which the FD 17 is not formed and all four side wall surfaces S4 of the element region 30 are continuously covered.
- the inner peripheral surface of the first opening 36 of the surface electrode 34 is covered with a sidewall 37. Note that the sidewall 37 shown in FIG. 3 is omitted in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7.
- the side electrode 35 reaches from the surface S2 of the semiconductor substrate 25 to a depth deeper than the end of the back surface S3 side of the FD 17.
- the gate electrode 33 is electrically connected to the wiring of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200 through a contact 39 extending in the thickness direction of the first substrate 100.
- FIG. 3 illustrates a case where each of the gate electrodes 33 is electrically connected to a contact 39 arranged opposite to the surface S2 of the element region 30.
- the transfer transistor 13 deepens the potential of the entire element region 30 (excluding the region of the FD 17) at the depth where the gate electrode 33 is arranged, as shown in FIG. 8. That is, a region 38 in which the potential is modulated is formed between the photoelectric conversion unit 12 and the FD 17. By forming the region 38 in which the potential is modulated, it is possible to form a transfer path that vertically transfers the charge stored in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 from the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the FD 17. This makes it possible to minimize the charge transfer path and improve the charge transfer efficiency.
- the transfer transistor 13 does not form the region 38 in which the potential is modulated, and therefore no charge transfer path is formed.
- An insulating film 26 is buried in the space inside the trench portion 29, where a portion of the side wall surface S4 is covered with the side electrode 35.
- the insulating film 26 is buried to electrically insulate the gate electrodes 33 (between the side electrodes 35) of adjacent element regions 30.
- Examples of materials that can be used for the insulating film 26 include silicon oxide ( SiO2 ) and silicon nitride (SiN).
- the well region 12a of the photoelectric conversion unit 12 is electrically connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential (for example, ground) via a well electrode 40.
- the well electrode 40 is formed facing the back surface S3 of the semiconductor substrate 25, and is arranged along the trench portion 29 so as to block the opening on the back surface S3 side of the trench portion 29 as shown in FIG. 9.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing the planar configuration of the well electrode 40 when broken along line D-D in FIG. 3.
- the well electrode 40 is electrically connected to each of the parts of the well region 12a that are exposed on the back surface S3 side of the element region 30.
- the well electrode 40 is formed in a lattice shape that covers the opening on the back surface S3 side of the trench portion 29, and also functions as an inter-pixel light shielding portion that prevents light from entering the opening.
- metals such as aluminum (Al) and tungsten (W) can be used as the material of the well electrode 40.
- the insulating film 26 is disposed on the rear surface S3 side of the semiconductor substrate 25, and continuously covers the entire rear surface S3 and the inside of the trench portion 29.
- the planarizing film 27 is disposed on the light incident surface (hereinafter also referred to as the "rear surface S5") side of the insulating film 26, and continuously covers the rear surface S5 so that the rear surface S1 of the first substrate 100 is flat.
- the planarizing film 27 can be made of the same material as the insulating film 26, such as silicon oxide ( SiO2 ) or silicon nitride (SiN).
- the wiring layer 28 is disposed on the surface S2 side of the semiconductor substrate 25.
- the wiring layer 28 has an interlayer insulating film and wiring (not shown) stacked in multiple layers with the interlayer insulating film interposed therebetween.
- the FD 17 is formed so as to reach a predetermined depth within the element region 30 from the surface S2 of the element region 30.
- the transfer transistor 13 is configured to have a gate electrode 33 that continuously covers at least a part of the surface S2 of the element region 30, avoiding the region (first region 47, first surface) in which the FD 17 is formed, and at least a part of the surface (side wall surface S4, second surface) of the element region 30 on the trench portion 29 side.
- the FD 17 is located within the element region 30, but the gate electrode 33 is located outside the element region 30 (within the trench portion 29).
- the gate electrode 33 is configured to continuously cover all of the areas of the surface S2 of the element region 30 where the FD 17 is not formed and all of the four sidewall surfaces S4 of the element region 30. This allows efficient modulation by the gate electrode 33, and as shown in FIG. 8, the potential of the entire element region 30 can be deepened at the depth where the gate electrode 33 (side electrode 35) is arranged. Therefore, through the area with the deeper potential, the charge stored in the photoelectric conversion unit 12 can be vertically transferred from the photoelectric conversion unit 12 to the FD 17, the charge transfer path can be made the shortest, and the charge transfer efficiency can be improved. In addition, since the structure of the gate electrode 33 is simple, the gate electrode 33 can be formed in a small number of steps, and the gate electrode 33 can be easily formed.
- FIG. 10A After forming the trench portion 29 and the element region 30 in the semiconductor substrate 25, the surface S2 side of the semiconductor substrate 25 (including the etching mask 56) is covered with polysilicon 55, and the polysilicon 55 is embedded in the trench portion 29. A silicon oxide film (not shown) may be formed between the element region 30 and the polysilicon 55.
- the etching mask 56 is a mask of a single layer structure or a multilayer structure that covers the surface S2 of each element region 30.
- FIG. 10B the surface S8 side of the polysilicon 55 is etched back to expose the etching mask 56 and the end of the element region 30.
- the gate insulating film 32 is formed so as to continuously cover the surface S2 of the element region 30 and the surface S8 of the polysilicon 55.
- the silicon oxide film (not shown) is removed from the exposed end of the element region 30.
- Fig. 10D the irregularities on surface S9 of gate insulating film 32 are covered with doped polysilicon 57 (the material of gate electrode 33).
- doped polysilicon 57 is processed to form gate electrode 33.
- Fig. 10F wiring layer 28 is formed on surface S2 side of semiconductor substrate 25, and gate electrode 33 is covered with an insulating film. Through these steps, the gate electrode 33 can be formed.
- the polysilicon 55 in the trench portion 29 is removed, and the insulating film 26 is formed in the trench portion 29.
- the structure of Fig. 3 in which the insulating film 26 is filled in the space inside the trench portion 29 is formed.
- the first opening 36 of the gate electrode 33 is a small opening, but other configurations can be adopted.
- the first opening 36 may be a large opening.
- the area of the FD 17 can be enlarged.
- the sidewall 37 can be enlarged, the offset between the gate electrode 33 and the FD 17 can be increased, and the electric field generated between the gate electrode 33 and the FD 17 can be alleviated.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a planar configuration of the gate electrode 33 when broken at a position corresponding to the line CC in FIG. 3.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the gate electrode 33 when broken at the line E-E in FIG. 11.
- the gate electrode 33 covers all four sidewall surfaces S4 of the element region 30, but other configurations can be adopted.
- the gate electrode 33 may cover only one, two, or three of the four sidewall surfaces S4 of the element region 30. This allows a space for the side electrode 35 in the trench portion 29 on the side of the surface (sidewall surface S4) that is not covered by the side electrode 35. Therefore, the side electrode 35 (side electrode 35 of another element region 30) can be easily formed in the trench portion 29 and the insulating film 26 can be easily embedded.
- the area not covered by the surface electrode 34 can be enlarged on the surface S2 of the element region 30, and the area of the FD 17 can be enlarged.
- a well contact 46 see Figures 23 to 26, etc.
- 13 and 14 show an example in which the gate electrode 33 (side electrode 35) covers three of the four sidewall surfaces S4 of the element region 30, while Fig. 15 shows an example in which it covers two surfaces, and Fig. 16 shows an example in which it covers one surface.
- the configuration shown in Fig. 14 is a modified example of the configuration shown in Fig. 13, in which the center of the surface electrode 34 is opened and the center of the surface S2 of the element region 30 is not covered by the surface electrode 34.
- the FD17 of each element region 30 (each pixel 8) is connected to the pixel transistor 21 individually, but other configurations can be adopted.
- the FD17 of two or more pixels 8 (element regions 30) may be electrically connected to each other to form an FD sharing configuration, and the FD17 of the FD sharing configuration may be electrically connected to one pixel transistor 21.
- a pixel sharing unit 41 including four pixels 8 of 2 ⁇ 2 is used as a sharing unit of the FD17, and the FD17 (first region 47) of each pixel 8 is formed close to the center of the pixel sharing unit 41.
- the FD17 (first region 47) is formed in a corner of the pixel 8 (i.e., a corner of the element region 30).
- the FD 17 is configured to be exposed on each of the sidewall surfaces S4 at the corners of the element region 30.
- the contacts 31 of the FD 17 are disposed close to the center of the pixel sharing unit 41, and the four contacts 31 are electrically connected to each other by wiring in the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200.
- the pad portion 42 is formed in the wiring layer 28 of the first substrate 100 (at a position facing the surface S2 of the element region 30), and is disposed in the center of the pixel sharing unit 41 when viewed in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25 (when viewed in a plan view). When viewed in a plan view, the pad portion 42 is disposed so as to overlap with each of two or more FD17 (four FD17 and four first regions 47 in FIG. 18) of the pixel sharing unit 41.
- the pad portion 42 As the material of the pad portion 42, for example, doped polysilicon to which an impurity is added can be adopted.
- the pad portion 42 is electrically connected to two or more FD17 (four FD17 and four first regions 47 in FIG. 18) via a connection via 42a.
- the through electrode 43 extends in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25, with one end electrically connected to the pad portion 42 and the other end electrically connected to the wiring of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200, and electrically connected to the pixel transistor 21 (for example, the gate electrode of the amplification transistor 15 (see FIG. 2)) via the wiring of the wiring layer 200T.
- the through electrode 43 electrically connects the pad portion 42 of the first substrate 100 to the pixel transistor 21 (see FIG.
- the number of electrodes can be reduced and parasitic capacitance can be reduced compared to a method in which the FD 17 is individually connected to the pixel transistor 21 by the contact 31.
- the side contact 44 is formed in the trench portion 29 of the first substrate 100, and is disposed in the center of the pixel sharing unit 41 when viewed from the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25 (when viewed in a plan view).
- the side contact 44 is disposed between two or more FD17 (in the trench portion 29 between four FD17 in FIG. 19) so as to contact each of the two or more FD17 (four FD17 in FIG. 19) of the pixel sharing unit 41.
- the material of the side contact 44 for example, doped polysilicon to which an impurity is added can be adopted.
- the side contact 44 is electrically connected to two or more FD17 (four FD17 in FIG. 19) exposed on the side wall surface S4 of the corner of the element region 30.
- the through electrode 45 extends in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25, with one end electrically connected to the side contact 44 and the other end electrically connected to the wiring of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200, and electrically connected to the pixel transistor 21 (for example, the gate electrode of the amplification transistor 15 (see FIG. 2)) via the wiring.
- the through electrode 45 electrically connects the side contact 44 of the first substrate 100 to the pixel transistor 21 (see FIG. 3) that reads the charge held by the FD 17. Therefore, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 19, for example, the number of electrodes can be reduced and parasitic capacitance can be reduced compared to a method in which the FD 17 is connected to the pixel transistor 21 by a separate contact 31 (electrode).
- FIG. 20 shows an example in which a pixel sharing unit 41 including two pixels 8 is used as a sharing unit of FD17, and the FD17 of each pixel 8 (element region 30) is formed close to the center of the pixel sharing unit 41.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 20 is similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 17 in that the contact 31 of the FD17 is disposed close to the center of the pixel sharing unit 41, and the two contacts 31 are electrically connected to each other (not shown) by the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200.
- the configurations shown in FIG. 21 and 22 are similar to the configuration shown in FIG. 18 in that they include a pad portion 42 and a through electrode 43, and FIG. 21 shows an example in which the pad portion 42 is large, and FIG. 22 shows an example in which the pad portion 42 is small.
- the well region 12a is electrically connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential (for example, ground) through the well electrode 40 arranged along the trench portion 29, but other configurations can be adopted.
- the well region 12a may be electrically connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential (ground) through a contact (hereinafter, also referred to as a "well contact 46") formed for each element region 30 and extending in the thickness direction of the first substrate 100.
- the well contact 46 is formed opposite the back surface S3 of the element region 30 and is electrically connected to the part of the well region 12a exposed on the back surface S3 side.
- FIG. 26 illustrates an example in which the large FD 17 shown in FIG. 12 is provided.
- the well contact 46 is formed facing the surface S2 of the element region 30, and is electrically connected to the portion of the well region 12a exposed on the surface S2 side for each element region 30. That is, each well region 12a is electrically connected to an individual contact (well contact 46).
- the surface electrode 34 of the gate electrode 33 is formed so as to avoid not only the region (first region 47) in which the FD 17 is formed, but also a part of the region (hereinafter also referred to as "second region 48") in which the well region 12a is formed on the surface S2 of the element region 30.
- the well contact 46 is electrically connected to the second region 48.
- FIG. 24 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of the semiconductor substrate 25 when broken along the line F-F in FIG. 25.
- modulation is not required near the well contact 46, so the area A1 of the second region 48 may be made larger than the area A2 of the first region 47 ( A1 > A2 ) as shown in Fig. 26.
- A1 > A2 a highly accurate contact formation technique is not required when forming the well contact 46, and therefore the manufacturing cost can be reduced.
- the well regions 12a of two or more pixels 8 may be electrically connected to each other.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 27 includes a second region 48, a pad portion 49 (broadly speaking, a "second shared connection portion"), and a through electrode 50 (broadly speaking, a "second electrode") at each of the four corners of a pixel sharing unit 41 including four pixels 8 of 2 ⁇ 2.
- FIG. 27 illustrates an example in which the pad portion 42 for the FD 17 shown in FIG. 18 is also included.
- the pad portion 49 is formed in the wiring layer 28 of the first substrate 100 (at a position opposite the surface S2 of the element region 30) and is disposed in the center of the four pixel sharing units 41 of 2 ⁇ 2 when viewed from the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25 (when viewed in a plan view). When viewed in a plan view, the pad portion 49 is disposed so as to overlap with each of two or more well regions 12a (four well regions 12a and four second regions 48 in FIG. 27) of the adjacent pixel sharing units 41. As the material of the pad portion 49, for example, doped polysilicon to which an impurity is added can be adopted. The pad portion 49 is electrically connected to two or more well regions 12a (four well regions 12a and four second regions 48 in FIG.
- the through electrode 43 extends in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25, one end is electrically connected to the pad portion 49, and the other end is electrically connected to the wiring of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200, and is electrically connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential (ground) of the second substrate 200 through the wiring.
- the pad portion 49 of the first substrate 100 and the supply source of a predetermined potential of the second substrate 200 are electrically connected by the through electrode 43. Therefore, with the configuration shown in FIG. 27, for example, the number of electrodes can be reduced, and parasitic capacitance can be reduced, compared to a method in which the well region 12a is connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential with an individual contact.
- a pixel sharing unit 41 including four pixels 8 of 2 ⁇ 2 has a side contact 51 (broadly speaking, a "second shared connection portion") and a through electrode 52 (broadly speaking, a "second electrode”) at each of the four corners.
- FIG. 28 also illustrates a case where the side contact 44 for the FD 17 shown in FIG. 19 is also provided.
- the side contact 51 is formed in the trench portion 29 of the first substrate 100, and is disposed in the center of the four pixel sharing units 41 of 2 ⁇ 2 when viewed from the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25 (when viewed in a plan view).
- the side contact 51 is disposed between two or more well regions 12a (in the trench portion 29 between the four well regions 12a in FIG.
- the side contact 51 is electrically connected to two or more well regions 12a (four well regions 12a in FIG. 28) exposed on the side wall surface S4 of the corner of the element region 30.
- the through electrode 52 extends in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25, with one end electrically connected to the side contact 51 and the other end electrically connected to the wiring of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200, and electrically connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential (ground) of the second substrate 200 through the wiring.
- the side contact 51 of the first substrate 100 and the supply source of a predetermined potential (ground) of the second substrate 200 are electrically connected by the through electrode 52. Therefore, according to the configuration shown in FIG. 28, for example, the number of electrodes can be reduced and parasitic capacitance can be reduced compared to a method in which the well region 12a is connected to a supply source of a predetermined potential by individual contacts (electrodes).
- the gate electrode 33 is configured with the surface electrode 34 and the side electrode 35, but other configurations may be adopted.
- the gate electrode 33 may have a vertical electrode portion 53 that extends from the surface S2 of the element region 30 to a predetermined depth within the element region 30 in addition to the surface electrode 34 and the side electrode 35.
- the vertical electrode portion 53 is disposed in the portion of the surface electrode 34 on the FD17 side (near the first region 47).
- FIG. 29 illustrates an example in which two cylindrical vertical electrode portions 53 are formed on each gate electrode 33. Note that the shape and number of the vertical electrode portions 53 are not limited to this.
- the vertical electrode portion 53 can boost modulation near the FD17.
- the trench width of the trench portion 29 is constant, but other configurations may be adopted.
- the trench width W 1 of the portion of the sidewall surface S4 of the trench portion 29 covered by the gate electrode 33 (side electrode 35) may be wider than the trench width W 2 of the portion not covered by the gate electrode 33 (side electrode 35) (W 1 >W 2 ).
- This provides a space in the trench portion 29 by the amount (W 1 -W 2 ) of the wider trench width in the portion covered by the side electrode 35 in the trench portion 29.
- FIG. 30 illustrates a case where the width W 3 between the side electrodes 35 is narrower than the trench width W 2.
- FIG. 31 illustrates a case where the trench width W 2 and the width W 3 are the same.
- the FD 17 of the first substrate 100 and the pixel transistor 21 of the second substrate 200 are electrically connected to each other by the contact 31.
- the FD 17 of the first substrate 100 and the pixel transistor 21 of the second substrate 200 may be electrically connected to each other via the wiring 28a of the wiring layer 28 of the first substrate 100 and an electrode (hereinafter, also referred to as the "through electrode 54") that extends from the wiring layer 28 to the second substrate 200.
- FIG. 32 illustrates an example in which the side contact 51 shown in FIG. 28 is also provided.
- the wiring 28a of the wiring layer 28 of the first substrate 100 is electrically connected to the contact 31 extending from the surface S2 of the FD 17.
- the through electrode 54 extends in the thickness direction of the semiconductor substrate 25, with one end electrically connected to the wiring 28a of the wiring layer 28 and the other end electrically connected to the wiring 200Ta of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200.
- the other end is electrically connected to the wiring 200Ta of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200, and is electrically connected to the pixel transistor 21 (for example, the gate electrode of the amplification transistor 15 (see FIG. 2)) via the wiring 200Ta.
- the FD 17 and the pixel transistor 21 are electrically connected by the wiring 28a of the wiring layer 28, the through electrode 54, and the wiring 200Ta of the wiring layer 200T.
- doped polysilicon, tungsten (W), and copper (Cu) can be used as the material for the wiring 28a and 200Ta.
- the FD 17 and the pixel transistor 21 may be electrically connected via a plurality of first electrode pads 28b arranged on the surface of the first substrate 100 facing the second substrate 200 (hereinafter also referred to as "surface S6") and a plurality of second electrode pads 200Tb arranged on the surface of the second substrate 200 facing the first substrate 100 (hereinafter also referred to as "reverse surface S7") and joined to the first electrode pads 28b.
- surface S6 first electrode pads 28b arranged on the surface of the first substrate 100 facing the second substrate 200
- reverse surface S7 a plurality of second electrode pads 200Tb arranged on the surface of the second substrate 200 facing the first substrate 100
- the configuration shown in FIG. 33 is a configuration in which a Cu-Cu connection is used as the connection between the first substrate 100 and the second substrate 200, as with the second substrate 200 and the third substrate 300 shown in FIG. 3.
- One end of the first electrode pad 28b is electrically connected to a contact 31 extending from the surface S2 of the FD 17, and the other end is exposed to the surface S6 of the wiring layer 200T.
- one end of the second electrode pad 200Tb is exposed on the back surface S7 of the wiring layer 200T and is electrically connected to the first electrode pad 28b, and the other end is electrically connected to the wiring 200Ta of the wiring layer 200T of the second substrate 200, and is electrically connected to the pixel transistor 21 (for example, the gate electrode of the amplification transistor 15 (see FIG. 2)) via the wiring 200Ta.
- the FD 17 and the pixel transistor 21 are electrically connected by the first electrode pad 28b of the first substrate 100 and the second electrode pad 200Tb of the second substrate 200.
- copper (Cu) and aluminum (Al) can be used as the material of the first electrode pad 28b and the material of the second electrode pad 200Tb.
- this technology can be applied to light detection devices in general, including distance measuring sensors that measure distance, also known as ToF (Time of Flight) sensors, in addition to the solid-state imaging device 1 as the image sensor described above.
- a distance measuring sensor is a sensor that emits light toward an object, detects the reflected light that is reflected back from the surface of the object, and calculates the distance to the object based on the flight time from when the light is emitted to when the reflected light is received.
- the light receiving pixel structure of this distance measuring sensor can be the structure of pixel 8 described above.
- FIG. 34 is a diagram showing an example of a schematic configuration of an imaging device (such as a video camera or a digital still camera) as an electronic device to which the present technology is applied.
- the imaging device 1000 includes a lens group 1001, a solid-state imaging device 1002 (solid-state imaging device 1 according to the first embodiment), a DSP (Digital Signal Processor) circuit 1003, a frame memory 1004, a monitor 1005, and a memory 1006.
- the DSP circuit 1003, the frame memory 1004, the monitor 1005, and the memory 1006 are connected to each other via a bus line 1007.
- the lens group 1001 guides incident light (image light) from a subject to the solid-state imaging device 1002 , and forms an image on the light receiving surface (pixel region) of the solid-state imaging device 1002 .
- the solid-state imaging device 1002 is made up of the CMOS image sensor according to the first embodiment described above.
- the solid-state imaging device 1002 converts the amount of incident light focused on the light receiving surface by the lens group 1001 into an electrical signal on a pixel-by-pixel basis and supplies the signal to the DSP circuit 1003 as a pixel signal.
- the DSP circuit 1003 performs predetermined image processing on the pixel signals supplied from the solid-state imaging device 1002. Then, the DSP circuit 1003 supplies the image signals after the image processing to a frame memory 1004 on a frame-by-frame basis, and temporarily stores the image signals in the frame memory 1004.
- the monitor 1005 is formed of a panel-type display device such as a liquid crystal panel, an organic EL (Electro Luminescence) panel, etc.
- the monitor 1005 displays an image (moving image) of a subject based on pixel signals in frame units temporarily stored in the frame memory 1004.
- the memory 1006 is composed of a DVD, a flash memory, etc.
- the memory 1006 reads out and records the pixel signals temporarily stored in the frame memory 1004 on a frame-by-frame basis.
- the electronic device to which the solid-state imaging device 1 can be applied is not limited to the imaging device 1000, but can also be applied to other electronic devices.
- the solid-state imaging device 1 according to the first embodiment is used as the solid-state imaging device 1002, other configurations can also be adopted.
- it may be configured to use other light detection devices to which the present technology is applied, such as the solid-state imaging device 1 according to a modified example.
- the present technology can also be configured as follows.
- a semiconductor substrate a trench portion that divides the semiconductor substrate into a plurality of element regions; a photoelectric conversion unit formed in the element region, which generates and accumulates electric charges according to an amount of received light; a charge holding section formed in the element region and holding charges generated by the photoelectric conversion section; a transfer transistor that transfers the charge accumulated in the photoelectric conversion unit to the charge storage unit, the charge retention portion is formed so as to extend from a first surface, which is a surface of the element region opposite to a light incidence surface, to a predetermined depth within the element region; a gate electrode continuously covering at least a portion of the first surface of the element region, avoiding a first region in which the charge holding portion is formed, and at least a portion of a second surface of the element region, the surface facing the trench portion.
- the element region is a cube having four second surfaces
- a first shared connection portion electrically connected to the charge storage portion of each of the two or more element regions; a first electrode electrically connected to the first shared connection portion;
- the photoelectric conversion portion has a well region of a first conductivity type and a second conductivity type region of a second conductivity type forming a pn junction with the well region, the well region is exposed on a light incident surface side of the element region, a well electrode formed opposite to a light incident surface of the element region and disposed along the trench portion so as to close an opening of the trench portion on the light incident surface side;
- the well electrode is electrically connected to a portion of the well region that is exposed on the light incident surface side of the element region.
- the photoelectric conversion portion has a well region of a first conductivity type and a second conductivity type region of a second conductivity type forming a pn junction with the well region, the well region is exposed on a light incident surface side of the element region,
- the photodetector according to any one of (1) to (8), further comprising a well contact formed opposite the light incident surface of the element region and electrically connected to a portion of the well region that is exposed on the light incident surface side of the element region.
- the photoelectric conversion portion has a well region of a first conductivity type and a second conductivity type region of a second conductivity type forming a pn junction with the well region, the well region is exposed to the first surface side of the element region,
- the gate electrode is formed on the first surface of the element region so as to avoid not only the first region but also a second region which is part of the region in which the well region is formed.
- a second shared connection portion electrically connected to the well region of the two or more element regions; a second electrode electrically connected to the second shared connection portion;
- the gate electrode has a vertical electrode portion that reaches from the first surface of the element region to a predetermined depth within the element region.
- the charge retention portion and the pixel transistor are electrically connected via a plurality of first electrode pads arranged on the surface of the first substrate facing the second substrate, and a plurality of second electrode pads arranged on the surface of the second substrate facing the first substrate and joined to the first electrode pads.
- 1...solid-state imaging device 2...pixel region, 3...vertical drive circuit, 4...column signal processing circuit, 5...horizontal drive circuit, 6...output circuit, 7...control circuit, 8...pixel, 9...pixel drive wiring, 10...vertical signal line, 11...horizontal signal line, 12...photoelectric conversion section, 12a...well region, 12b...second conductivity type region, 13...transfer transistor, 14...reset transistor, 15...amplification transistor, 16...selection transistor, 17...FD, 18...transfer line, 19...reset line, 20...selection line, 21...pixel transistor, 22...logic circuit, 23...color filter, 24...microlens, 25...semiconductor substrate, 26...insulating film, 27...planarizing film, 28...wiring layer, 28a...wiring, 28b...first electrode pad, 29...trench portion, 30...element region, 31...contact, 32...gate insulating film, 33...gate electrode, 34...surface electrode, 35...side electrode, 36...first opening, 37...sidewall, 38
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Abstract
Description
1-1 固体撮像装置の全体の構成
1-2 画素の回路構成
1-3 要部の構成
1-4 ゲート電極の作成方法
1-5 変形例
2.第2の実施形態:電子機器への応用例
[1-1 固体撮像装置の全体の構成]
本開示の第1の実施形態に係る固体撮像装置1(広義には「光検出装置」)について説明する。図1は、第1の実施形態に係る固体撮像装置1の全体構成を示す図である。
図1の固体撮像装置1は、裏面照射型のCMOS(Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor)イメージセンサである。図34に示すように、固体撮像装置1(1002)はレンズ群1001を介して、被写体からの像光(入射光)を取り込み、撮像面上に結像された入射光の光量を画素単位で電気信号に変換して画素信号として出力する。
図1に示すように、固体撮像装置1は、画素領域2と、垂直駆動回路3と、カラム信号処理回路4と、水平駆動回路5と、出力回路6と、制御回路7とを備えている。
垂直駆動回路3は、例えば、シフトレジスタによって構成され、選択パルスφSEL(図2参照)を画素駆動配線9に順次出力して、画素領域2の各画素8を行単位で順次選択し、選択した画素8の画素信号を、垂直信号線10を通してカラム信号処理回路4に出力する。画素信号は、光電変換部12で生成した電荷によって得られる信号である。
水平駆動回路5は、例えば、シフトレジスタによって構成され、水平走査パルスをカラム信号処理回路4に順次出力して、カラム信号処理回路4の各々を順番に選択し、選択したカラム信号処理回路4に、信号処理された画素信号を水平信号線11に出力させる。
制御回路7は、垂直同期信号、水平同期信号、及びマスタクロック信号(不図示)に基づいて、垂直駆動回路3、カラム信号処理回路4及び水平駆動回路5等の動作の基準となるクロック信号や制御信号を生成する。そして、制御回路7は、生成したクロック信号や制御信号を、垂直駆動回路3、カラム信号処理回路4及び水平駆動回路5等に出力する。
次に、画素8の回路構成について説明する。図2は画素8の回路構成を示す図である。
図2に示すように、画素8は、光電変換部12と、4つの画素トランジスタ(転送トランジスタ13、リセットトランジスタ14、増幅トランジスタ15、選択トランジスタ16)と、フローティングディフュージョン(以下、「FD17」とも呼ぶ)とを有している。転送トランジスタ13、リセットトランジスタ14、増幅トランジスタ15及び選択トランジスタ16としては、例えば、nチャネルのMOSトランジスタを採用できる。また、FD17は、光電変換部12で生成した電荷(例えば、電子)を保持する電荷保持部である。例えば、n型の不純物が高濃度にイオン注入されて形成されたn型の半導体領域を採用できる。また、画素8には、画素駆動配線9として、例えば、転送線18、リセット線19及び選択線20が同一行の各画素8に対して共通に設けられている。転送線18、リセット線19及び選択線20それぞれの一端は、垂直駆動回路3に接続されている。
光電変換部12は、アノード電極が所定の電位の供給源(例えば、グランド)に電気的に接続され、カソード電極が転送トランジスタ13を介して増幅トランジスタ15のゲート電極に接続されている。そして、光電変換部12は、受光量に応じた電荷を生成する。
リセットトランジスタ14は、ドレイン電極が画素電源Vddに接続され、ソース電極がFD17に接続されている。リセットトランジスタ14のゲート電極には、転送トランジスタ13による光電変換部12からFD17への電荷の転送に先立って、HighアクティブのリセットパルスφRSTがリセット線19を介して与えられる。リセットパルスφRSTがゲート電極に与えられることにより、リセットトランジスタ14は、オン状態となって、FD17に蓄積している電荷を画素電源Vddに捨て、FD17をリセットする。
選択トランジスタ16は、ドレイン電極が増幅トランジスタ15のソース電極に接続され、ソース電極が垂直信号線10に接続されている。選択トランジスタ16のゲート電極には、Highアクティブの選択パルスφSELが選択線20を介して与えられる。選択パルスφSELがゲート電極に与えられることにより、選択トランジスタ16は、オン状態となって、増幅トランジスタ15から出力された画素信号を垂直信号線10に出力する。
次に、固体撮像装置1の詳細構造について説明する。図3は、図1のA-A線で破断した場合の、固体撮像装置1の断面構成を示す図である。
図3に示すように、固体撮像装置1は、固体撮像装置1の光入射面側から、第1基板100、第2基板200、及び第3基板300の順となるように積層して構成されている。
第1基板100は、光電変換部12、転送トランジスタ13及びFD17を有している。また、第2基板200は、FD17に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタ21を有している。電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタ21としては、例えば、リセットトランジスタ14、増幅トランジスタ15、選択トランジスタ16(図2参照)が挙げられる。また、第3基板300は、第2基板200で読み出された電荷によって得られる画素信号を処理するロジック回路22を有している。ロジック回路22としては、例えば、垂直駆動回路3、カラム信号処理回路4、水平駆動回路5、出力回路6及び制御回路7(図1参照)が挙げられる。また、第1基板100の光入射面(以下、「裏面S1」とも呼ぶ)側には、カラーフィルタ23及びマイクロレンズ24がこの順に積層されている。図3では、2×2のアレイ状に配列された4つの光電変換部12に対して、1つのカラーフィルタ23及び1つのマイクロレンズ24が配置された場合を例示している。
図3に示すように、第1基板100は、第2基板200側から、半導体基板25、絶縁膜26及び平坦化膜27がこの順に積層されて構成されている。また、半導体基板25の第2基板200側の面(以下「表面S2」とも呼ぶ)には配線層28が配置されている。
半導体基板25は、例えば、シリコン(Si)基板によって構成されている。半導体基板25には、各画素8の領域それぞれに光電変換部12が形成されている。即ち、半導体基板25には、複数の光電変換部12が二次元アレイ状に配置されている。光電変換部12は、第1導電型(例えば、p型)のウェル領域12aと、ウェル領域12aとpn接合をなす第2導電型(第1導電型と反対の導電型。例えば、n型)の第2導電型領域12bとを有している。ウェル領域12aは、トレンチ部29の側壁面S4(広義には「第2面」)側全体と、素子領域30の光入射面(以下、「裏面S3」とも呼ぶ)全体と、素子領域30の表面S2全体とに連続的に形成されている。これにより、ウェル領域12aは、素子領域30の裏面S3側の全体、素子領域30の側壁面S4側の全体、及び素子領域30の表面S2(広義には「第1面」。光入射面と反対側の面)側の全体のそれぞれに露出している。また、ウェル領域12aのうちの、素子領域30の表面S2側に位置する部分の厚さは、裏面S3側に位置する部分の厚さよりも、厚くなっている。また、第2導電型領域12bは、ウェル領域12aと接するように、素子領域30内の中心側の領域に形成されている。光電変換部12は、ウェル領域12aと第2導電型領域12bとによるpn接合でフォトダイオードを構成し、受光量に応じた電荷(例えば、電子)を生成する。また、光電変換部12は、pn接合で生じる静電容量に光電変換で生成した電荷を蓄積する。
なお、ゲート電極33への所定の電圧の印加ない場合には、転送トランジスタ13は、ポテンシャルが変調された領域38を形成しないため、電荷の転送経路は形成されない。
また、側面電極35で側壁面S4の一部が被覆されたトレンチ部29の内部の空間には、絶縁膜26が埋め込まれている。絶縁膜26を埋め込むことにより、隣接する素子領域30のゲート電極33間(側面電極35間)が電気的に絶縁されている。絶縁膜26の材料としては、例えば、酸化シリコン(SiO2)、窒化シリコン(SiN)を採用できる。
配線層28は、半導体基板25の表面S2側に配置されている。配線層28は、層間絶縁膜と、層間絶縁膜を介して複数層に積層された配線(不図示)とを有している。
次に、ゲート電極33の作成方法について説明する。
まず、図10Aに示すように、半導体基板25に対して、トレンチ部29、素子領域30を形成した後、半導体基板25の表面S2側(エッチングマスク56を含む)をポリシリコン55で覆い、トレンチ部29内にポリシリコン55を埋め込む。なお、素子領域30とポリシリコン55との間には、シリコン酸化膜(不図示)を形成してもよい。エッチングマスク56は、素子領域30それぞれの表面S2を覆う単層構造又は多層構造のマスクである。続いて、図10Bに示すように、ポリシリコン55の表面S8側をエッチバックして、エッチングマスク56及び素子領域30の端部を露出させる。続いて、図10Cに示すように、素子領域30の表面S2及びポリシリコン55の表面S8を連続的に覆うように、ゲート絶縁膜32を形成する。なお、ゲート絶縁膜32の形成前には、露出している素子領域30の端部から、上記のシリコン酸化膜(不図示)を除去しておく。
このような工程を経ることによって、ゲート電極33を形成することができる。
なお、固体撮像装置1の製造工程としては、図10Fの工程の後、トレンチ部29内のポリシリコン55を除去し、トレンチ部29内には、絶縁膜26を成膜する。これにより、トレンチ部29の内部の空間に絶縁膜26が埋め込まれた図3の構造が形成される。
(1)なお、第1の実施形態では、ゲート電極33の第1開口36を小さな開口とする例を示したが、他の構成を採用することもできる。例えば、図11及び図12に示すように、第1開口36を大きな開口としてもよい。第1開口36を大きな開口とすることにより、FD17の領域を大きくすることができる。また、サイドウォール37を大型化することができ、ゲート電極33とFD17との間のオフセットを増大でき、ゲート電極33とFD17との間に発生する電界を緩和することができる。図11は、図3のC-C線に対応する位置で破断した場合の、ゲート電極33の平面構成を示す図である。また、図12は、図11のE-E線で破断した場合の、ゲート電極33の断面構成を示す図である。
図13及び図14では、ゲート電極33(側面電極35)が、素子領域30の4つの側壁面S4のうちの、3つの面を覆っている場合を例示し、図15では、2つの面を覆っている場合を例示し、図16では、1つの面を覆っている場合を例示している。なお、図14に示した構成は、図13に示した構成の変形例であり、表面電極34の中心部が開口され、素子領域30の表面S2の中心が表面電極34で覆われていない構成となっている。
本開示に係る技術(本技術)は、各種の電子機器に適用されてもよい。
図34は、本技術を適用した電子機器としての撮像装置(ビデオカメラ、デジタルスチルカメラ等)の概略的な構成の一例を示す図である。
図34に示すように、撮像装置1000は、レンズ群1001と、固体撮像装置1002(第1の実施形態に係る固体撮像装置1)と、DSP(Digital Signal Processor)回路1003と、フレームメモリ1004と、モニタ1005と、メモリ1006とを備えている。DSP回路1003、フレームメモリ1004、モニタ1005及びメモリ1006は、バスライン1007を介して相互に接続されている。
固体撮像装置1002は、上述した第1の実施の形態のCMOSイメージセンサからなる。固体撮像装置1002は、レンズ群1001によって受光面上に結像された入射光の光量を画素単位で電気信号に変換して画素信号としてDSP回路1003に供給する。
DSP回路1003は、固体撮像装置1002から供給される画素信号に対して所定の画像処理を行う。そして、DSP回路1003は、画像処理後の画像信号をフレーム単位でフレームメモリ1004に供給し、フレームメモリ1004に一時的に記憶させる。
メモリ1006は、DVD、フラッシュメモリ等からなる。メモリ1006は、フレームメモリ1004に一時的に記憶されたフレーム単位の画素信号を読み出して記録する。
(1)
半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板を複数の素子領域に区画するトレンチ部と、
前記素子領域内に形成され、受光量に応じた電荷を生成して蓄積する光電変換部と、
前記素子領域内に形成され、前記光電変換部で生成した電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記光電変換部が蓄積した電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する転送トランジスタとを備え、
前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の光入射面と反対側の面である第1面から前記素子領域内の所定の深さまで達するように形成されており、
前記転送トランジスタは、前記素子領域の前記第1面のうちの前記電荷保持部が形成されている領域である第1領域を避けた該第1面の少なくとも一部と、前記素子領域の前記トレンチ部側の面である第2面の少なくとも一部とを連続的に覆うゲート電極を有する
光検出装置。
(2)
前記半導体基板の厚さ方向から見た場合に、前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の中心部に形成されている
前記(1)に記載の光検出装置。
(3)
前記半導体基板の厚さ方向から見た場合に、前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の隅部に形成されている
前記(1)に記載の光検出装置。
(4)
前記素子領域は、前記第2面を4つ有する立方体状であり、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の4つの前記第2面のうちの3つの前記第2面を覆っている
前記(3)に記載の光検出装置。
(5)
前記素子領域は、前記第2面を4つ有する立方体状であり、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の4つの前記第2面のうちの2つの前記第2面を覆っている
前記(3)に記載の光検出装置。
(6)
前記素子領域は、前記第2面を4つ有する立方体状であり、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の4つの前記第2面のうちの1つの前記第2面を覆っている
前記(3)に記載の光検出装置。
(7)
前記電荷保持部のそれぞれ及び前記ゲート電極のそれぞれは、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向して配置されたコンタクトに電気的に接続されている
前記(1)から(6)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(8)
2以上の前記素子領域の前記電荷保持部に電気的に接続された第1共有接続部と、
前記第1共有接続部に電気的に接続された第1電極とを備え、
前記第1共有接続部は、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向する位置に2以上の前記電荷保持部それぞれに重畳して配置されている、又は2以上の前記電荷保持部の間に配置されている
前記(3)から(7)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(9)
前記光電変換部は、第1導電型のウェル領域と、前記ウェル領域とpn接合をなしている第2導電型の第2導電型領域とを有し、
前記ウェル領域は、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出しており、
前記素子領域の光入射面に対向して形成され、前記トレンチ部の光入射面側の開口を塞ぐように、前記トレンチ部に沿って配置されたウェル電極を備え、
前記ウェル電極は、前記ウェル領域のうちの、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出している部分に電気的に接続されている
前記(1)から(8)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(10)
前記光電変換部は、第1導電型のウェル領域と、前記ウェル領域とpn接合をなしている第2導電型の第2導電型領域とを有し、
前記ウェル領域は、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出しており、
前記素子領域の光入射面に対向して形成され、前記ウェル領域のうちの、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出している部分に電気的に接続されているウェルコンタクトを備えている
前記(1)から(8)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(11)
前記光電変換部は、第1導電型のウェル領域と、前記ウェル領域とpn接合をなしている第2導電型の第2導電型領域とを有し、
前記ウェル領域は、前記素子領域の前記第1面側に露出しており、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の前記第1面において、前記第1領域の他に、前記ウェル領域が形成されている領域の一部である第2領域も避けるように形成されている
前記(1)から(8)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(12)
前記ウェル領域のそれぞれは、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向して配置されたウェルコンタクトに電気的に接続されている
前記(11)に記載の光検出装置。
(13)
2以上の前記素子領域の前記ウェル領域に電気的に接続された第2共有接続部と、
前記第2共有接続部に電気的に接続された第2電極とを備え、
前記第2共有接続部は、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向する位置に2以上の前記ウェル領域それぞれに重畳して配置されている、又は2以上の前記ウェル領域の間に配置されている
前記(11)に記載の光検出装置。
(14)
前記第2領域の面積は、前記第1領域の面積よりも大きい
前記(11)から(13)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(15)
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の前記第1面から前記素子領域内の所定の深さまで達している縦型電極部を有している
前記(1)から(14)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(16)
前記ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の前記第1面から、前記電荷保持部の前記第2面側の端部よりも深くまで達している
前記(1)から(15)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(17)
前記トレンチ部の側壁面のうちの前記ゲート電極が覆っている部分の溝幅は、前記ゲート電極が覆っていない部分の溝幅よりも広くなっている
前記(1)から(15)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(18)
前記半導体基板を有する第1基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記電荷保持部に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタを有するとともに、前記第1基板に積層された第2基板とを備え、
前記電荷保持部と前記画素トランジスタとは、前記第1基板の厚さ方向に延びて、前記第1基板から前記第2基板まで達している電極を介して電気的に接続されている
前記(1)から(17)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(19)
前記半導体基板を有する第1基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記電荷保持部に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタを有するとともに、前記第1基板に積層された第2基板とを備え、
前記第1基板は、前記半導体基板の前記第2基板側の面に配置された配線層を有し、
前記電荷保持部と前記画素トランジスタとは、前記第1基板の前記配線層の配線と、前記第1基板の厚さ方向に延びて、前記配線層から前記第2基板まで達している電極とを介して電気的に接続されている
前記(1)から(17)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(20)
前記半導体基板を有する第1基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記電荷保持部に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタを有するとともに、前記第1基板に積層された第2基板とを備え、
前記電荷保持部と前記画素トランジスタとは、前記第1基板の前記第2基板側の面に配置された複数の第1電極パッドと、前記第2基板の前記第1基板側の面に配置され前記第1電極パッドと接合された複数の第2電極パッドとを介して電気的に接続されている
前記(1)から(17)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(21)
前記ゲート電極は、所定の電圧が印加されると、前記ゲート電極が配置されている深さにおいて、前記電荷保持部の領域を除いた前記素子領域内全体のポテンシャルを深くする
前記(1)から(20)の何れかに記載の光検出装置。
(22)
半導体基板、前記半導体基板を複数の素子領域に区画するトレンチ部、前記素子領域内に形成され、受光量に応じた電荷を生成して蓄積する光電変換部、前記素子領域内に形成され、前記光電変換部で生成した電荷を保持する電荷保持部、及び前記光電変換部が蓄積した電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する転送トランジスタを備え、前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の光入射面と反対側の面である第1面から前記素子領域内の所定の深さまで達するように形成されており、前記転送トランジスタは、前記素子領域の前記第1面のうちの前記電荷保持部が形成されている領域である第1領域を避けた該第1面の少なくとも一部と、前記素子領域の前記トレンチ部側の面である第2面の少なくとも一部とを連続的に覆うゲート電極を有する光検出装置を備える
電子機器。
Claims (22)
- 半導体基板と、
前記半導体基板を複数の素子領域に区画するトレンチ部と、
前記素子領域内に形成され、受光量に応じた電荷を生成して蓄積する光電変換部と、
前記素子領域内に形成され、前記光電変換部で生成した電荷を保持する電荷保持部と、
前記光電変換部が蓄積した電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する転送トランジスタとを備え、
前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の光入射面と反対側の面である第1面から前記素子領域内の所定の深さまで達するように形成されており、
前記転送トランジスタは、前記素子領域の前記第1面のうちの前記電荷保持部が形成されている領域である第1領域を避けた該第1面の少なくとも一部と、前記素子領域の前記トレンチ部側の面である第2面の少なくとも一部とを連続的に覆うゲート電極を有する
光検出装置。 - 前記半導体基板の厚さ方向から見た場合に、前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の中心部に形成されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記半導体基板の厚さ方向から見た場合に、前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の隅部に形成されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記素子領域は、前記第2面を4つ有する立方体状であり、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の4つの前記第2面のうちの3つの前記第2面を覆っている
請求項3に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記素子領域は、前記第2面を4つ有する立方体状であり、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の4つの前記第2面のうちの2つの前記第2面を覆っている
請求項3に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記素子領域は、前記第2面を4つ有する立方体状であり、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の4つの前記第2面のうちの1つの前記第2面を覆っている
請求項3に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記電荷保持部のそれぞれ及び前記ゲート電極のそれぞれは、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向して配置されたコンタクトに電気的に接続されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 2以上の前記素子領域の前記電荷保持部に電気的に接続された第1共有接続部と、
前記第1共有接続部に電気的に接続された第1電極とを備え、
前記第1共有接続部は、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向する位置に2以上の前記電荷保持部それぞれに重畳して配置されている、又は2以上の前記電荷保持部の間に配置されている
請求項3に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記光電変換部は、第1導電型のウェル領域と、前記ウェル領域とpn接合をなしている第2導電型の第2導電型領域とを有し、
前記ウェル領域は、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出しており、
前記素子領域の光入射面に対向して形成され、前記トレンチ部の光入射面側の開口を塞ぐように、前記トレンチ部に沿って配置されたウェル電極を備え、
前記ウェル電極は、前記ウェル領域のうちの、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出している部分に電気的に接続されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記光電変換部は、第1導電型のウェル領域と、前記ウェル領域とpn接合をなしている第2導電型の第2導電型領域とを有し、
前記ウェル領域は、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出しており、
前記素子領域の光入射面に対向して形成され、前記ウェル領域のうちの、前記素子領域の光入射面側に露出している部分に電気的に接続されているウェルコンタクトを備えている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記光電変換部は、第1導電型のウェル領域と、前記ウェル領域とpn接合をなしている第2導電型の第2導電型領域とを有し、
前記ウェル領域は、前記素子領域の前記第1面側に露出しており、
前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の前記第1面において、前記第1領域の他に、前記ウェル領域が形成されている領域の一部である第2領域も避けるように形成されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記ウェル領域のそれぞれは、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向して配置されたウェルコンタクトに電気的に接続されている
請求項11に記載の光検出装置。 - 2以上の前記素子領域の前記ウェル領域に電気的に接続された第2共有接続部と、
前記第2共有接続部に電気的に接続された第2電極とを備え、
前記第2共有接続部は、前記素子領域の前記第1面に対向する位置に2以上の前記ウェル領域それぞれに重畳して配置されている、又は2以上の前記ウェル領域の間に配置されている
請求項11に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記第2領域の面積は、前記第1領域の面積よりも大きい
請求項11に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記ゲート電極は、前記素子領域の前記第1面から前記素子領域内の所定の深さまで達している縦型電極部を有している
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記ゲート電極は、前記半導体基板の前記第1面から、前記電荷保持部の前記第2面側の端部よりも深くまで達している
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記トレンチ部の側壁面のうちの前記ゲート電極が覆っている部分の溝幅は、前記ゲート電極が覆っていない部分の溝幅よりも広くなっている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記半導体基板を有する第1基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記電荷保持部に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタを有するとともに、前記第1基板に積層された第2基板とを備え、
前記電荷保持部と前記画素トランジスタとは、前記第1基板の厚さ方向に延びて、前記第1基板から前記第2基板まで達している電極を介して電気的に接続されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記半導体基板を有する第1基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記電荷保持部に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタを有するとともに、前記第1基板に積層された第2基板とを備え、
前記第1基板は、前記半導体基板の前記第2基板側の面に配置された配線層を有し、
前記電荷保持部と前記画素トランジスタとは、前記第1基板の前記配線層の配線と、前記第1基板の厚さ方向に延びて、前記配線層から前記第2基板まで達している電極とを介して電気的に接続されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記半導体基板を有する第1基板と、
前記半導体基板の前記電荷保持部に保持された電荷を読み出す画素トランジスタを有するとともに、前記第1基板に積層された第2基板とを備え、
前記電荷保持部と前記画素トランジスタとは、前記第1基板の前記第2基板側の面に配置された複数の第1電極パッドと、前記第2基板の前記第1基板側の面に配置され前記第1電極パッドと接合された複数の第2電極パッドとを介して電気的に接続されている
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 前記ゲート電極は、所定の電圧が印加されると、前記ゲート電極が配置されている深さにおいて、前記電荷保持部の領域を除いた前記素子領域内全体のポテンシャルを深くする
請求項1に記載の光検出装置。 - 半導体基板、前記半導体基板を複数の素子領域に区画するトレンチ部、前記素子領域内に形成され、受光量に応じた電荷を生成して蓄積する光電変換部、前記素子領域内に形成され、前記光電変換部で生成した電荷を保持する電荷保持部、及び前記光電変換部が蓄積した電荷を前記電荷保持部に転送する転送トランジスタを備え、前記電荷保持部は、前記素子領域の光入射面と反対側の面である第1面から前記素子領域内の所定の深さまで達するように形成されており、前記転送トランジスタは、前記素子領域の前記第1面のうちの前記電荷保持部が形成されている領域である第1領域を避けた該第1面の少なくとも一部と、前記素子領域の前記トレンチ部側の面である第2面の少なくとも一部とを連続的に覆うゲート電極を有する光検出装置を備える
電子機器。
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- 2022-10-26 JP JP2022171365A patent/JP2024063426A/ja active Pending
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- 2023-09-04 WO PCT/JP2023/032280 patent/WO2024090039A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2023-09-04 CN CN202380063872.XA patent/CN119908182A/zh not_active Withdrawn
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