WO2024075661A1 - トランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物、その硬化物および当該硬化物を備えたトランスデューサー等 - Google Patents
トランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物、その硬化物および当該硬化物を備えたトランスデューサー等 Download PDFInfo
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/01—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients characterized by their specific function
- C08K3/013—Fillers, pigments or reinforcing additives
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/04—Ingredients treated with organic substances
- C08K9/06—Ingredients treated with organic substances with silicon-containing compounds
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L83/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon only; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L83/04—Polysiloxanes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R17/00—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers
- H04R17/005—Piezoelectric transducers; Electrostrictive transducers using a piezoelectric polymer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04R—LOUDSPEAKERS, MICROPHONES, GRAMOPHONE PICK-UPS OR LIKE ACOUSTIC ELECTROMECHANICAL TRANSDUCERS; DEAF-AID SETS; PUBLIC ADDRESS SYSTEMS
- H04R19/00—Electrostatic transducers
- H04R19/02—Loudspeakers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N—ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10N30/00—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive devices
- H10N30/80—Constructional details
- H10N30/85—Piezoelectric or electrostrictive active materials
- H10N30/857—Macromolecular compositions
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/12—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to hydrogen
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G77/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G77/04—Polysiloxanes
- C08G77/20—Polysiloxanes containing silicon bound to unsaturated aliphatic groups
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2383/00—Characterised by the use of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing silicon with or without sulfur, nitrogen, oxygen, or carbon only; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2383/04—Polysiloxanes
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers, and is particularly characterized by providing a cured organopolysiloxane product that exhibits a low storage modulus over a wide frequency range, has a small loss tangent, and has viscoelastic properties that are particularly suitable for use as a dielectric layer for transducers.
- the present invention further relates to the use of the cured organopolysiloxane product as a transducer member, electronic material, or display device member.
- the electroactive silicone material has mechanical and/or electrical properties, specifically, a high relative dielectric constant, high dielectric breakdown strength, and low Young's modulus, which allows it to realize a high energy density, and also has excellent mechanical strength (specifically, tensile strength, tear strength, elongation, etc.) when used as a dielectric layer of a transducer, allowing it to realize durability and a practical amount of displacement, making it suitable for use as a transducer material.
- a fluoroalkyl group-containing organopolysiloxane cured product has a high relative dielectric constant and is useful as a transducer material (Patent Document 1 or Patent Document 2).
- Patent Document 3 a curable organopolysiloxane composition that has excellent coatability and mechanical strength and is suitable as a transducer material
- a curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers containing an adhesion promoter and the like in which a parameter relating to the crosslink density in the organopolysiloxane composition (defined as p x1 ) is in the range of 0.1 to 6.0 based on the relationship between the vinyl curable functional group in the base resin, the crosslinkable SiH polysiloxane, and the chain-extended SiH polysiloxane, gives an organopolysiloxane cured product with excellent adhesive strength and conformability (Patent Document 4).
- Patent Document 4 nor any other document has specifically disclosed a curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers that gives an organopolysiloxane cured product with good return properties after deformation (specifically, a low storage modulus over a wide frequency range and a small loss tangent).
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and aims to provide a curable organopolysiloxane composition that exhibits a low storage modulus over a wide frequency range and a small loss tangent, and therefore has good return properties after deformation due to pressing of a sensor, etc., and gives a cured organopolysiloxane product with viscoelastic properties that are particularly suitable for use as a dielectric layer for a transducer.
- the present invention aims to provide uses of the curable organopolysiloxane composition as various transducer materials for sensors and the like.
- a curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers which selectively uses, as a chain organopolysiloxane or a mixture thereof, one having a weight average molecular weight Mw(a) of less than 8.0 ⁇ 104 , and in which the value obtained by dividing Mw(a) by the value of p x1 , which is a parameter related to the crosslink density in the organopolysiloxane composition (i.e., the value given by "Mw(a)/p x1 "), is in the range of 1,000 to 8,000 , and preferably has a SiH/Vi ratio of less than 1 (specifically, in the range of 0.1 to 0.99), and have thus arrived at the present invention.
- the above problem is: (a) a linear or branched organopolysiloxane or mixture thereof, the weight average molecular weight of the entire component being less than 8.0 x 104 and having a curing reactive group containing at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule; (b1) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in a side chain portion of the molecular chain, no silicon-bonded hydrogen atom at least at one terminal of the molecular chain, and at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms within the molecule; (b2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms at both terminals of the molecular chain and at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the molecule, and (c) an effective amount of a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, wherein the amount of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in component (b1) in the composition (H b1 ), The amount of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in component (b2)
- the sum of the amounts of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of components (b1) and (b2) is in the range of 0.1 to 0.99 moles per mole of carbon-carbon double bonds in component (a), and it is preferable that component (a) is a linear or branched organopolysiloxane having curing reactive groups containing carbon-carbon double bonds at both molecular chain terminals, or a mixture thereof.
- the composition may further contain (d) a reinforcing filler and/or (e) an adhesion promoter. It is also preferable that the composition has an overall viscosity in the range of 100 to 2,000 Pa ⁇ s, measured at 25° C. using a viscoelasticity measuring device at a shear rate of 0.1 (S ⁇ 1 ).
- the storage modulus (G') at 23°C of the cured organopolysiloxane obtained by curing this composition is in the range of 5.00 x 103 to 1.00 x 105 Pa at measurement frequencies of 0.1 and 1 Hz, and that the loss tangent is less than 0.3 at these measurement frequencies.
- the above-mentioned problems are preferably solved by an organopolysiloxane cured product obtained by curing or semi-curing the above-mentioned composition and its use as a dielectric layer for a transducer, a transducer having a structure in which at least one layer of the organopolysiloxane cured product is interposed between at least a pair of electrode layers, and a method for producing the same.
- the present invention provides a curable organopolysiloxane composition that has excellent electrical properties, a low storage modulus over a wide frequency range, and a small loss tangent, and therefore has good return properties after deformation, and that gives a cured organopolysiloxane product with viscoelastic properties that are particularly suitable for use as a dielectric layer for a transducer.
- the present invention also provides an electroactive silicone material that can be used as a film- or sheet-like transducer member, particularly as a dielectric layer for a transducer, a transducer that contains the same and has good return properties after deformation, and a method for producing the same.
- the term "transducer” refers to any electronic device having the function of converting mechanical energy and electrical energy into each other, and is a concept that includes sensors, speakers, actuators, and generators.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to the present invention has a cured product, particularly a cured film, that has suitable pre-cured and post-cured properties for use as a component constituting the above-mentioned transducer.
- the "weight average molecular weight” refers to the weight average molecular weight in terms of standard polystyrene measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC). The meaning and calculation method of the weight average molecular weight when component (a) is a mixture will be described later.
- composition according to the present invention comprises: (a) a linear or branched organopolysiloxane or mixture thereof, the weight average molecular weight of the entire component being less than 8.0 x 104 and having a curing reactive group containing at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule; (b1) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in a side chain portion of the molecular chain, no silicon-bonded hydrogen atom at least at one terminal of the molecular chain, and at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms within the molecule; (b2) an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms at both molecular chain terminals and at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the molecule; and (c) an effective amount of a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst, It preferably contains (d) a reinforcing filler and/or (e) an adhesion promoter, and may optionally contain a hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor, other
- the composition of the present invention is a hydrosilylation reaction-curing composition involving alkenyl groups and silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms, and has the advantage that it cures relatively quickly overall and the reaction can be easily controlled.
- the curing reaction can be caused to proceed by heating, exposure to high-energy rays, or a combination of these.
- Component (a) is an essential component for achieving the technical effects of the present invention, in particular good return properties after deformation, and is a linear or branched organopolysiloxane or a mixture thereof having a weight average molecular weight (Mw(a)) of less than 8.0 x 104 and a curing reactive group containing at least two carbon-carbon double bonds in the molecule.
- Component (a) is the linear organopolysiloxane described above or a mixture thereof, and the weight average molecular weight of component (a) in the composition can be calculated according to the following formula: (1) Mwk and wfk are the weight average molecular weight of the organopolysiloxane constituting the kth component (a) and its weight fraction in all components (a).
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw(a)) of component (a) must be less than 8.0 x 104 , and if the weight average molecular weight of component (a) in the composition exceeds the upper limit, even if the value obtained by dividing Mw(a) by the value of p x1 , a parameter related to the crosslink density described below, is in the range of 1,000 to 8,000, the organopolysiloxane cured product may not achieve the good return properties after deformation and the viscoelastic properties that provide it that are the objective of the present invention.
- component (a) may be a mixture of the above-mentioned linear organopolysiloxanes, and it is sufficient that the weight average molecular weight of component (a) as a whole is less than the lower limit, but more preferably, the weight average molecular weight of each of the linear organopolysiloxanes constituting component (a) is less than 8.0 x 104 , and it is particularly preferable that the composition does not contain any linear organopolysiloxanes having a weight average molecular weight of 8.0 x 104 or more.
- the organopolysiloxane of component (a) has a chain structure, specifically, it is a linear or branched organopolysiloxane, preferably a linear or branched organopolysiloxane having curing reactive groups containing carbon-carbon double bonds at both ends of the molecular chain, and particularly preferably a linear organopolysiloxane having curing reactive groups containing carbon-carbon double bonds at both ends of the molecular chain.
- compositions of the curing reactive group containing a carbon-carbon double bond in an organopolysiloxane include alkenyl groups having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, such as vinyl groups; and curing reactive groups selected from (meth)acrylic-containing groups, such as 3-acryloxypropyl groups and 3-methacryloxypropyl groups.
- the organopolysiloxane which is component (a), may contain a group selected from a monovalent hydrocarbon group that does not have a carbon-carbon double bond in the molecule, a hydroxyl group, and an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the monovalent hydrocarbon group may have some of its hydrogen atoms substituted with halogen atoms or hydroxyl groups, and when used as a dielectric layer, a dielectric functional group, which will be described later, may be introduced. From an industrial perspective, methyl groups, phenyl groups, hydroxyl groups, alkoxy groups, and the dielectric functional groups, which will be described later, are preferred.
- component (a) contains a hydroxyl group or the like, the component has condensation reactivity in addition to hydrosilylation reaction curing properties.
- component (a) When using component (a), it is necessary to select or design the amount (Vi) of curing reactive groups containing carbon-carbon double bonds such as alkenyl groups in component (A) so that the value obtained by dividing Mw(a) by the value of p x1 , which is a parameter related to the crosslink density and crosslinked structure of the present composition described below, is in the range of 1,000 to 8,000.
- Component (a) in the present invention is preferably capable of introducing into the molecule as a dielectric functional group a fluoroalkyl group represented by (C p F 2p+1 )-R- (wherein R is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and p is an integer of 1 or more and 8 or less).
- R is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- p is an integer of 1 or more and 8 or less.
- component (a) may be (a1f) a fluoroalkyl group-containing organopolysiloxane having one or more types of alkenyl groups having 2 to 12 carbon atoms in the molecule, and in which 10 mol % or more of all the substituents on the silicon atoms are fluoroalkyl groups represented by (C p F 2p+1 )-R-, where R is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms and p is an integer of 1 or more and 8 or less.
- component (a1f) as the main agent, a fluoroorganopolysiloxane cured film having excellent dielectric properties can be obtained.
- Component (b) is an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the molecule, and functions as (b1) a crosslinking agent or (b2) a chain extender for component (a).
- component (b1) is an organohydrogenpolysiloxane having at least one silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in the side chain portion of the molecular chain, no silicon-bonded hydrogen atom at at least one end of the molecular chain, and at least two silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in the molecule, and is distinguished from component (b2) in that it does not have silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms at both ends, and preferably has a structure in which both ends of the molecular chain are blocked with functional groups that are unreactive to hydrosilylation reactions (particularly reactions with component (A)).
- Such component (b2) is a chain extender that reacts with the curing reactive groups in component (a) to introduce a long siloxane molecular structure into the crosslinked product, and can impart appropriate flexibility and elasticity to the crosslinked product.
- component (b1) examples include 1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane, 1,3,5,7-tetramethylcyclotetrasiloxane, tris(dimethylhydrogensiloxy)methylsilane, tris(dimethylhydrogensiloxy)phenylsilane, methylhydrogenpolysiloxane terminally blocked with trimethylsiloxy groups, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymer terminally blocked with trimethylsiloxy groups, methylhydrogensiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymer terminally blocked with trimethylsiloxy groups, methylhydrogensiloxane-diphenylsiloxane-dimethylsiloxane copolymer terminally blocked with trimethylsiloxy groups, methylhydrogensiloxane-dimethylsiloxane-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane copolymer terminally blocked with trimethylsiloxy groups,
- Examples of such component (b2) include dimethylsiloxanes blocked at both molecular chain ends with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups, dimethylsiloxane-diphenylsiloxane copolymers blocked at both molecular chain ends with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups, dimethylsiloxane-trifluoropropylmethylsiloxane copolymers blocked at both molecular chain ends with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups, dimethylsiloxane-methylhydrogensiloxane copolymers blocked at both molecular chain ends with dimethylhydrogensiloxy groups, and mixtures of two or more of these.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers according to the present invention is characterized in that the value obtained by dividing Mw(a) by the value of p x1 , which is defined by the following parameter, falls within a predetermined range in relation to components (a), (b1), and (b2):
- p xl is a parameter describing the crosslink density and intermolecular crosslink structure of the cured product obtained by curing the composition,
- the number of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in component (b1) (H b1 ),
- the total number of curing reactive groups containing carbon-carbon double bonds in component (a) (Vi)
- p x1 ⁇ H b1 /H b2 ⁇ / ⁇ (H b1 +H b2 )/Vi ⁇
- the organopolysiloxane cured product may not achieve good return properties after deformation and the viscoelastic properties that provide it.
- the weight-average molecular weight of component (a) exceeds the above upper limit, the technical effect of the present invention may not be achieved even if the value obtained by dividing Mw(a) by the value of p x1 is within the above range.
- the value of p x1 is preferably in the range of 6.5 to 20.0.
- the present composition has a weight average molecular weight (Mw(a)) of component (a) of less than 8.0 x 10 4 and contains two types of organohydrogenpolysiloxane, component (b1) functions as a crosslinking agent, and component (b2) functions as a chain extender.
- ⁇ H b1 /H b2 ⁇ represents the ratio of Si-H in the crosslinking agent and the chain extender, and when these ratios are within a specific range, a crosslinked structure is formed with a moderately long intermolecular distance for the curing reactive groups in component (a), making it easier to achieve moderate hardness and rubber-like storage modulus.
- the amounts of components (b1) and (b2) used must satisfy the above ranges, and are preferably amounts such that the sum of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms of components (b1) and (b2) per mole of carbon-carbon double bonds in component (a) (hereinafter referred to as the "SiH/Vi ratio”) is in the range of 0.1 to 10 moles, more preferably less than 1.0 mole, specifically, in the range of 0.1 to 0.99 moles. From the standpoint of achieving good curability and viscoelasticity of the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention, it is particularly preferable that the SiH/Vi ratio is in the range of 0.30 to 0.90, 0.40 to 0.80, or 0.50 to 0.75 moles.
- Component (c) is a catalyst that promotes the hydrosilylation reaction of components (a) and (b), and examples thereof include platinum-based catalysts, rhodium-based catalysts, palladium-based catalysts, nickel-based catalysts, iridium-based catalysts, ruthenium-based catalysts, and iron-based catalysts, with a platinum-based catalyst being preferred.
- platinum-based catalysts include platinum fine powder, chloroplatinic acid, an alcohol solution of chloroplatinic acid, platinum-alkenylsiloxane complexes, platinum-olefin complexes, platinum-carbonyl complexes, and catalysts in which these platinum-based catalysts are dispersed or encapsulated in a thermoplastic resin such as a silicone resin, a polycarbonate resin, or an acrylic resin, with a platinum-alkenylsiloxane complex being particularly preferred.
- a platinum 1,3-divinyl-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisiloxane complex is preferred, and it is preferred to add the complex in the form of an alkenylsiloxane solution.
- a platinum-containing hydrosilylation catalyst in the form of fine particles dispersed or encapsulated in a thermoplastic resin may be used.
- a catalyst for promoting the hydrosilylation reaction a non-platinum metal catalyst such as iron, ruthenium, or iron/cobalt may also be used.
- the hydrosilylation catalyst which is component (c) may be a hydrosilylation catalyst that is inactive without irradiation with high-energy rays but is active in the composition upon irradiation with high-energy rays, that is, a so-called high-energy ray-activated catalyst or photoactivated catalyst.
- component (c) the composition as a whole can be cured even at low temperatures by using irradiation with high-energy rays as a trigger, and has excellent storage stability and easy reaction control, thereby realizing the properties of excellent handling and workability.
- high-energy rays examples include ultraviolet rays, gamma rays, X-rays, ⁇ -rays, and electron beams.
- ultraviolet rays, X-rays, and electron beams irradiated from a commercially available electron beam irradiation device are included, and among these, ultraviolet rays are preferred from the viewpoint of catalyst activation efficiency, and ultraviolet rays with a wavelength in the range of 280 to 380 nm are preferred from the viewpoint of industrial use.
- the amount of irradiation varies depending on the type of high-energy ray-activated catalyst, but in the case of ultraviolet rays, it is preferable that the cumulative irradiation amount at a wavelength of 365 nm is within the range of 100 mJ/cm 2 to 100 J/cm 2 .
- component (c) include (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV), (cyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV), (1,2,3,4,5-pentamethylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV), (cyclopentadienyl)dimethylethylplatinum(IV), (cyclopentadienyl)dimethylacetylplatinum(IV), (trimethylsilylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV), (methoxycarbonylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV), (dimethylphenylsilylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylcyclopentadienylplatinum(IV), trimethyl(acetylacetonato)platinum(IV), and trimethyl(3,5-heptamethylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV).
- Examples of such compounds include (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV), trimethyl(methylacetoacetate)platinum(IV), bis(2,4-pentanedionato)platinum(II), bis(2,4-hexanedionato)platinum(II), bis(2,4-heptanedionato)platinum(II), bis(3,5-heptanedionato)platinum(II), bis(1-phenyl-1,3-butanedionato)platinum(II), bis(1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedionato)platinum(II), and bis(hexafluoroacetylacetonato)platinum(II).
- (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum(IV) and bis(2,4-pentanedionato)platinum(II) are preferred in terms of versatility and ease of availability.
- the amount of component (c) used is an effective amount, and is not particularly limited, provided that it is an amount that promotes the curing of the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention. Specifically, the amount is such that the metal atoms in the catalyst are 0.01 to 1,000 ppm by mass, and preferably the platinum metal atoms in component (c) are within the range of 0.1 to 500 ppm, relative to the sum of components (a) to (c) (total being 100 mass%). If the content of component (c) is below the lower limit of the above range, curing may be insufficient, and if it exceeds the upper limit of the above range, it is not only uneconomical but may also have an adverse effect on transparency, such as coloring of the obtained cured product.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to the present invention may further contain a reinforcing filler (d) for the purpose of further improving the mechanical strength, particularly hardness, of the organopolysiloxane cured product obtained using the composition after setting the value of p xl within the aforementioned range.
- the reinforcing filler (d) is an inorganic oxide fine particle typified by silica, and it is preferable that the reinforcing filler (d) or a composite thereof, which has been surface-treated with one or more types of organosilicon compounds and has a different average BET specific surface area, is contained within a certain range relative to the sum of the components in the composition that form non-volatile solids by a curing reaction (i.e., components (a) to (e)).
- the reinforcing fine particles are preferably one or more types of reinforcing inorganic fine particles having an average primary particle size of less than 50 nm, and examples thereof include fumed silica, wet silica, pulverized silica, calcium carbonate, diatomaceous earth, finely pulverized quartz, various metal oxide powders other than alumina and zinc oxide, glass fiber, carbon fiber, etc., and these are used after being treated with one or more types of organosilicon compounds described below.
- the shape There are no particular limitations on the shape, and any shape such as particulate, plate, needle, fiber, etc. can be used.
- the reinforcing filler used in the dielectric layer is (d1) reinforcing fine particles or composites thereof that have been surface-treated with one or more organosilicon compounds and have an average BET specific surface area of more than 100 m 2 /g, and (d2) reinforcing fine particles or composites thereof that have been surface-treated with one or more organosilicon compounds and have an average BET specific surface area in the range of 10 to 100 m 2 /g
- the mass ratio of component (d1) to component (d2) is in the range of 50:50 to 99:1, may be in the range of 70:30 to 97:3, and is preferably in the range of 70:30 to 95:5. If the mass ratio is outside the above range, the viscosity of the curable organopolysiloxane composition before curing may increase, and the mechanical strength and dielectric breakdown strength after curing may decrease.
- the reinforcing fillers which are the above components (d1) and (d2), into the composition, it is possible to increase the mechanical strength and dielectric breakdown strength of the organopolysiloxane cured product obtained by curing the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention.
- the content (w f ) of the component (d) is preferably in the range of 5 to 40% by mass, and particularly preferably in the range of 5 to 30% by mass. Deformability and a moderate restoring force are required for the dielectric film in the transducer application, but if the content (w f ) of the component (d) exceeds the above upper limit, the viscosity of the composition is likely to increase, and the composition may become highly viscous and difficult to apply uniformly and in a thin film.
- the storage modulus after curing is likely to increase, and the composition may be too hard, so that the performance in the transducer application may not be fully realized.
- the content is less than the lower limit of the above mass % range, the physical properties of the curable organopolysiloxane composition after curing may be insufficient.
- the sum of components (d1) and (d2) is in the range of 5 to 40 mass%, or may be in the range of 5.0 to 35 mass%, with a range of 6.5 to 30 mass% being particularly preferred, assuming the total of components (a) to (e) to be 100 mass%. If the upper limit of the above mass% range is exceeded, it may be difficult to apply a uniform thin film, and the storage modulus after curing may become high. If the mass% range is less than the lower limit of the above mass% range, the physical properties of the curable organopolysiloxane composition after curing may be insufficient.
- the reinforcing fillers which are the above components (d1) and (d2), are preferably surface-treated with one or more organosilicon compounds.
- Surface treatment with an organosilicon compound is a hydrophobic treatment, and reinforcing fillers surface-treated with such organosilicon compounds can be uniformly dispersed at a high filling rate in the fluoroorganopolysiloxane composition.
- an increase in the viscosity of the composition is suppressed, improving moldability.
- organosilicon compounds are low molecular weight organosilicon compounds such as silanes, silazanes, siloxanes, or the like, and organosilicon polymers or oligomers such as polysiloxanes, polycarbosiloxanes, or the like.
- the organosilicon compound used in the surface treatment contains at least one selected from hexamethyldisilazane and 1,3-bis(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane.
- the ratio of the surface treatment agent to the total amount of the filler is preferably in the range of 0.1% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, and more preferably in the range of 0.3% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less.
- the treatment amount is the ratio of the filler to the surface treatment agent, and it is preferable to remove excess treatment agent after treatment.
- additives that promote or assist the reaction may be used during treatment as necessary.
- the amount of the surface treatment agent fixed can be analyzed by reacting a composition containing an excess of tetraethoxysilane and a filler under alkaline conditions and detecting the reaction product by gas chromatography.
- the amount of the surface treatment agent fixed on the filler surface is 1.0 parts by mass or more, preferably 3.0 parts by mass or more, per 100 parts by mass of the filler.
- the organosilicon compounds used for the surface treatment of the components (d1) and (d2) according to the present invention are two types, hexamethyldisilazane and 1,3-bis(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane
- the fixing ratio of each on the filler surface can be changed as necessary.
- a highly dielectric functional group represented by a fluoroalkyl group (C p F 2p+1 )-R- (R is an alkylene group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and p is an integer of 1 to 8) can be introduced into a part or all of component (a) or components (b1) and (b2).
- the weight ratio of the treatment component derived from hexamethyldisilazane and 1,3-bis(3,3,3-trifluoropropyl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyldisilazane fixed to the filler surface is preferably 0 to 10. If it is out of this range, the affinity between component (a) or component (b) and the filler surface may be poor, and the processability and physical properties after curing may be reduced.
- fillers In the curable fluoroorganopolysiloxane composition of the present invention, other fillers may be used as desired, or may not be used. Examples of such fillers include highly dielectric fillers, thermally conductive inorganic fine particles, insulating fillers, etc., and these inorganic fine particles may have two or more functions, such as a function as a reinforcing filler.
- dielectric inorganic fine particles include one or more inorganic fine particles selected from the group consisting of titanium oxide, barium titanate, strontium titanate, lead zirconate titanate, and composite metal oxides in which part of the barium and titanium parts of barium titanate are replaced with alkaline earth metals such as calcium, strontium, yttrium, neodymium, samarium, and dysprosium, zirconium, or rare earth metals. Titanium oxide, barium titanate, barium calcium zirconate titanate, and strontium titanate are more preferable, and titanium oxide and barium titanate are even more preferable.
- the dielectric inorganic fine particles is a dielectric inorganic fine particle having a relative dielectric constant of 10 or more at room temperature and 1 kHz.
- the upper limit of the preferred size (average primary particle diameter) of the inorganic fine particles is 20,000 nm (20 ⁇ m), but considering the processability into a thin film for a transducer described later, 10,000 nm (10 ⁇ m) is more preferable.
- the insulating inorganic fine particles that can be used in the present invention are not limited as long as they are particles of a generally known insulating inorganic material, that is, an inorganic material having a volume resistivity of 10 10 to 10 18 ⁇ cm, and can be in any shape, such as particles, flakes, or fibers (including whiskers).
- ceramic spherical particles, plate-like particles, or fibers can be mentioned, and preferred examples of the particles include alumina, iron oxide, copper oxide, metal silicates such as mica and talc, quartz, amorphous silica, and glass. These may also be treated with various surface treatment agents described below. These can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- insulating inorganic fine particles in the composition it is possible to increase the mechanical strength and dielectric breakdown strength of the fluoroorganopolysiloxane cured product, and an increase in the relative dielectric constant may also be observed.
- Thermal conductive inorganic fine particles that can be used in the present invention include metal oxide particles such as magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, and silver oxide, and inorganic compound particles such as aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide, diamond, and diamond-like carbon, with zinc oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride being preferred.
- metal oxide particles such as magnesium oxide, zinc oxide, nickel oxide, vanadium oxide, copper oxide, iron oxide, and silver oxide
- inorganic compound particles such as aluminum nitride, boron nitride, silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide, diamond, and diamond-like carbon, with zinc oxide, boron nitride, silicon carbide, and silicon nitride being preferred.
- the average particle size of these inorganic particles can be measured by a measurement method that is common in the field. For example, when the average particle size is 50 nm or more and about 500 nm or less, the particle size can be measured by observing with a microscope such as a transmission electron microscope (TEM), a field emission transmission electron microscope (FE-TEM), a scanning electron microscope (SEM), or a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM), and the average value can be calculated to measure the average primary particle size.
- TEM transmission electron microscope
- FE-TEM field emission transmission electron microscope
- SEM scanning electron microscope
- FE-SEM field emission scanning electron microscope
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention may optionally contain (e) an adhesion promoter.
- the composition of the present invention cures to give a cured product having a specific crosslink density and intermolecular crosslink structure, and by including an adhesion promoter in the composition, chemical bonds are formed on the surface of the substrate layer or electrode layer to which the composition is applied, and strong adhesion and conformability may be achieved, which is particularly effective when designing the composition so that the electrode layer and dielectric layer have a chemically bonded structure.
- the amount of (e) adhesion promoter used can be appropriately designed depending on the desired adhesive strength and the type of substrate layer or electrode layer, but from the standpoint of improving the adhesive strength and conformability to substrate layers and electrode layers made of thermoplastic resins such as polyethylene terephthalate (PET), it is preferable that the content of component (e) is in the range of 0.1% by mass to 10% by mass, preferably 0.25% by mass to 5.0% by mass, and particularly preferably 0.5% by mass to 2.0% by mass, assuming that the total of components (a) to (e) constituting the composition is 100% by mass.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- an organosilicon compound having at least one alkoxy group bonded to a silicon atom in one molecule is preferred.
- this alkoxy group include methoxy, ethoxy, propoxy, butoxy, and methoxyethoxy groups, with methoxy being particularly preferred.
- Examples of groups bonded to silicon atoms in organosilicon compounds other than the alkoxy group include halogen-substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups, alkenyl groups, aryl groups, aralkyl groups, and halogenated alkyl groups; glycidoxyalkyl groups such as 3-glycidoxypropyl and 4-glycidoxybutyl groups; epoxycyclohexylalkyl groups such as 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyl and 3-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)propyl groups; epoxyalkyl groups such as 3,4-epoxybutyl and 7,8-epoxyoctyl groups; acrylic-group-containing monovalent organic groups such as 3-methacryloxypropyl groups; and hydrogen atoms.
- halogen-substituted or unsubstituted monovalent hydrocarbon groups such as alkyl groups, alkenyl
- the organosilicon compound preferably has a group capable of reacting with an alkenyl group or a silicon-bonded hydrogen atom in the composition, and more specifically, preferably has a silicon-bonded hydrogen atom or an alkenyl group.
- the organosilicon compound preferably has at least one epoxy-containing monovalent organic group in one molecule, since this can provide good adhesion to various substrates.
- organosilicon compounds examples include organosilane compounds, organosiloxane oligomers, and alkyl silicates.
- the molecular structure of the organosiloxane oligomer or alkyl silicate may be linear, partially branched linear, branched, cyclic, or network, with linear, branched, or network structures being particularly preferred.
- organosilicon compounds include silane compounds such as 3-glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, and 3-methacryloxypropyltrimethoxysilane; siloxane compounds having at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group or silicon-bonded hydrogen atom, and at least one silicon-bonded alkoxy group in one molecule; a mixture of a silane compound or siloxane compound having at least one silicon-bonded alkoxy group and a siloxane compound having at least one silicon-bonded hydroxy group and at least one silicon-bonded alkenyl group in one molecule; a reaction mixture of an amino group-containing organoalkoxysilane and an epoxy group-containing organoalkoxysilane; an organic compound having at least two alkoxysilyl groups in one molecule and containing a bond other than a silicon-oxygen bond between the silyl groups;
- This adhesion promoter is preferably a low-viscosity liquid, and although there are no limitations on its viscosity, it is preferably within the range of 1 to 500 mPa ⁇ s at 25° C. Furthermore, although there are no limitations on the content of this adhesion promoter, it is preferably within the range of 0.01 to 10 parts by mass per 100 parts by mass of the total of the present composition.
- a particularly suitable adhesion promoter is, for example, a reaction mixture of a vinyl group-containing siloxane oligomer (including those with a linear or cyclic structure) and an epoxy group-containing trialkoxysilane.
- the hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor is blended to inhibit the crosslinking reaction and chain extension reaction that occur between component (a) and component (b), thereby extending the pot life at room temperature and improving storage stability, and is therefore a component that is necessarily blended in the curable composition of the present invention from a practical standpoint.
- hydrosilylation reaction inhibitors include acetylene compounds, enyne compounds, organic nitrogen compounds, organic phosphorus compounds, and oxime compounds.
- alkyne alcohols such as 3-methyl-1-butyn-3-ol, 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-ol, 3-methyl-1-pentyn-3-ol, 1-ethynyl-1-cyclohexanol, and phenylbutynol
- enyne compounds such as 3-methyl-3-penten-1-yne and 3,5-dimethyl-1-hexyn-3-yne
- methylalkenylcyclosiloxanes such as 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetravinylcyclotetrasiloxane and 1,3,5,7-tetramethyl-1,3,5,7-tetrahexenylcyclotetrasiloxane; and benzotriazole.
- the amount of hydrosilylation reaction inhibitor is an amount effective for extending the room temperature pot life and improving storage stability of the film-forming curable fluoroorganopolysiloxane composition of the present invention. It is usually in the range of 0.001 to 5 mass% per 100 mass% of component (a), and preferably in the range of 0.01 to 2 mass%, but it may be selected appropriately depending on the type of this component, the performance and content of the platinum-based catalyst, the amount of curable reactive groups (alkenyl groups, etc.) in component (a), the amount of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms in component (b), etc.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to the present invention can be subjected to a curing reaction as it is, but on the other hand, when the composition or a part of its components is in a solid form or in a viscous liquid form, an organic solvent can be used as necessary to improve the miscibility and handling properties.
- the viscosity when the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to the present invention is applied to a film, the viscosity can be adjusted using a solvent so that the overall viscosity is in the range of 100 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s, and when diluted with a solvent, it can be used in the range of 0 to 2000 parts by mass relative to the sum (100 parts by mass) of the above components (a) to (c). That is, the solvent may be 0 parts by mass in the composition of the present invention, which is preferable as a solvent-free type.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention by selecting a polymer with a low degree of polymerization for the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention, it is possible to design it to be solvent-free, and there is an advantage that no fluorine-based solvent, organic solvent, etc. remains in the film obtained by curing, and the problem of environmental load and the effect of the solvent on electronic devices can be eliminated.
- the composition may be a low-solvent composition in which the amount of the solvent used is 10 parts by mass or less, preferably 5 parts by mass or less, based on the sum (100 parts by mass) of the above components (a) to (c).
- the composition used for the electrode layer may be diluted with a solvent and applied in the form of a thin film by spray coating, as in the examples described later.
- such organic solvent is (f1) organic polar solvents, (f2) low molecular weight siloxane solvents, and (f3) One or more organic solvents selected from halogen-based solvents, or a mixture of these, preferably having a boiling point of 80°C or more and less than 200°C. Mixtures of different organic solvents of the same or different types at any ratio may be used.
- the organic solvent includes at least one low molecular weight siloxane-based solvent selected from hexamethyldisiloxane and octamethyltrisiloxane, or a mixture of these solvents, which are commercially available from Dow Silicones Corporation under the names OS-10, O-20, and OS-2.
- the composition according to the present invention can be used by applying it to a substrate layer or an electrode layer, etc., and curing it into a film, and in particular, when its overall viscosity and thixotropy are within a certain range, it can be easily applied uniformly to the substrate layer, etc., and the adhesiveness and conformability to the substrate/electrode layer during curing can be improved.
- a composition having a thixotropic index defined below and containing an adhesion promoter is particularly preferred in that it is easy to form adhesion and chemical bonds at the interface.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition used in the present invention preferably has an overall viscosity in the range of 5 to 5,000 Pa ⁇ s, and particularly preferably 100 to 2,000 Pa ⁇ s, as measured at a shear rate (hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "shear rate") of 0.1 (S -1 ) using a viscoelasticity measuring device at 25°C.
- shear rate hereinafter sometimes simply referred to as "shear rate”
- S -1 shear rate
- it is possible to adjust the amount of the above-mentioned organic solvent used, but it is also possible to make the composition low-solvent or solvent-free ( solventless).
- Solid content In the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to the present invention, the content of components that cure to form a cured organopolysiloxane product, which is a non-volatile solid content (in the present invention, this may be simply referred to as the "solid content”) is preferably in the range of 5 to 100 mass %, more preferably 50 to 100 mass %, 75 to 100 mass %, or 85 to 100 mass %, of the entire composition.
- the organopolysiloxane cured film according to the present invention is used as an electroactive film (e.g., a dielectric film) for use in transducers such as sensors and actuators
- the cured film may be introduced with the highly dielectric functional group.
- an organopolysiloxane cured film that does not contain a highly dielectric functional group can be used as an electroactive film.
- the introduction of these highly dielectric functional groups and the improvement of the relative dielectric constant have been proposed, for example, in International Patent Publication WO2014/105959 by the applicants of the present application.
- the introduction of a highly dielectric functional group can be achieved by using a fluoroorganopolysiloxane or organohydrogenpolysiloxane having a highly dielectric functional group as part or all of the component (a) or component (b), or by adding an organic additive having a highly dielectric functional group, a non-reactive organosilicon compound having a highly dielectric functional group, or the like, to the curable composition.
- the type of highly dielectric functional group introduced into the organopolysiloxane cured film is not particularly limited, but examples include a) halogen atoms and halogen atom-containing groups, such as 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl groups, b) nitrogen atom-containing groups, such as cyanopropyl groups, c) oxygen atom-containing groups, such as carbonyl groups, d) heterocyclic groups, such as imidazole groups, e) boron-containing groups, such as borate ester groups, f) phosphorus-containing groups, such as phosphine groups, and g) sulfur-containing groups, such as thiol groups. It is preferable to use halogen atoms and halogen atom-containing groups that contain fluorine atoms.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention can be prepared by uniformly mixing the curable organopolysiloxane and the curing reaction accelerator, preferably the above-mentioned components (a) to (e), and by adding other optional components as necessary and mixing uniformly. Mixing can be performed at room temperature using various stirrers or kneaders, but if the combination of components does not cure during mixing, they may be mixed under heating.
- the components are mixed, so long as they do not harden during mixing. If the components are not to be used immediately after mixing, they may be stored in multiple containers so that the crosslinking agent (e.g., component (b)) and the component accelerating the hardening reaction (e.g., component (c)) are not contained in the same container, and the components in all containers may be mixed immediately before use.
- the crosslinking agent e.g., component (b)
- the component accelerating the hardening reaction e.g., component (c)
- the curing reaction of the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to the present invention is usually achieved by heating the composition or exposing it to active energy rays.
- the temperature of the thermal curing reaction is not particularly limited, but is preferably from 50°C to 200°C, more preferably from 60°C to 200°C, and even more preferably from 80°C to 180°C.
- the curing reaction can be carried out in one or more steps, and can be appropriately selected according to the manufacturing process of the desired laminate or transducer, such as initial curing or semi-curing at a low temperature followed by complete curing at a higher temperature.
- the time required for the curing reaction depends on the structures of the above components (a), (b), (c) and (e) and the above curing process, but is usually from 1 second to 3 hours.
- a cured or semi-cured product can be obtained by holding the mixture at a temperature in the range of 90 to 180°C for 10 seconds to 120 minutes. The method for producing the film will be described later.
- Examples of active energy rays that can be used in the curing reaction include ultraviolet rays, electron beams, and radiation, with ultraviolet rays being preferred from the viewpoint of practicality.
- a hydrosilylation reaction catalyst having high activity against the ultraviolet rays used such as bis(2,4-pentanedionato)platinum complex or (methylcyclopentadienyl)trimethylplatinum complex.
- the ultraviolet ray generating source a high pressure mercury lamp, a medium pressure mercury lamp, a Xe-Hg lamp, a deep UV lamp, and the like are suitable, and the irradiation amount in this case is preferably 100 to 8,000 mJ/ cm2 .
- irradiation with active energy rays and a thermal curing reaction may be used in combination for the purpose of shortening the curing time and continuing the curing reaction at room temperature.
- the organopolysiloxane cured product obtained by curing the present composition preferably has a storage modulus (G') value at 23°C within the range of 5.00x103 to 1.00x105 Pa at measurement frequencies of 0.1 and 1 Hz, and a loss tangent of less than 0.3 at these measurement frequencies. More preferably, the organopolysiloxane cured product obtained by curing the present composition preferably has a storage modulus (G') value at 23°C within the range of 1.00x104 to 7.50x104 Pa at measurement frequencies of 0.1 and 1 Hz, and a loss tangent of 0.05 to 0.29 at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz.
- the loss tangent of the organopolysiloxane cured product is greater at a measurement frequency of 1 Hz than at a measurement frequency of 0.1 Hz.
- the composition according to the present invention upon curing, gives a cured organopolysiloxane product having viscoelastic properties (particularly the above-mentioned storage modulus and loss tangent) within the above-mentioned ranges, thereby achieving good restoration properties after modification and making it particularly suitable for use as a dielectric layer for transducers.
- the organopolysiloxane cured product of the present invention is preferably in the form of a film or sheet.
- the cured film obtained by curing the composition of the present invention can be suitably used as a dielectric layer in a transducer, and the form of an organopolysiloxane cured film for transducers (hereinafter sometimes referred to as "cured film for transducers") is particularly preferred.
- the organopolysiloxane cured product according to the present invention can be suitably used as a dielectric layer for a transducer, and the cured film for a transducer, which is a dielectric layer, may have a structure comprising an electrode layer on both sides (upper and lower layers), a structure in which both sides (upper and lower layers) are sandwiched between base layers, a structure comprising an electrode layer on one side and a base layer on the other side, and further, the base layer may be an intermediate layer.
- the transducer of the present invention preferably has a structure in which at least one layer of the above-mentioned organopolysiloxane cured product is sandwiched between at least a pair of electrode layers.
- the laminate that is such a transducer may have electrode layers on both sides (upper and lower layers) of a dielectric layer made of an organopolysiloxane cured product, or may have a structure in which a substrate layer or intermediate layer is provided between two or more dielectric layers and electrode layers are provided on both sides (upper and lower layers), and may be a laminate having two or more of these laminate structures.
- the interface between the transducer film cured material of the present invention and one or more layers selected from the electrode layer and the substrate layer is at least partially bonded by chemical bonding, and when an attempt is made to peel off the laminate, it is preferable that cohesive failure (CF) of the transducer film cured material occurs at the interface.
- CF cohesive failure
- the other layers constituting the laminate of the present invention may be synthetic resin layers such as thermoplastic resins, metal layers, or silicone cured material layers containing conductive particles (electrode layers, layers different from the film cured product for transducers of the present invention), and are not particularly limited.
- the electrode layers and/or substrate layers are thermoplastic resin layers (electrode layers, thermoplastic resin layers containing conductive particles)
- a laminate having a structure in which at least a partial chemical bond is formed at the interface between the two layers and bonded can be obtained by applying and curing the curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers of the present invention to at least a part of these layers.
- thermoplastic resin layer such as PET is a normal silicone cured layer
- sufficient adhesion/adhesion cannot be achieved, and when used as a transducer member, it may cause a problem of delamination between layers.
- the film cured product for transducers of the present invention has the advantage that it can strongly bond both layers and achieve high conformability, thereby significantly improving the performance, reliability, and durability as a transducer member.
- thermoplastic resin layer that can be used in the laminate of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include thermoplastic resin film layers made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET), polyimide, polyethylene, polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinyl chloride, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, cyclopolyolefin, nylon, etc.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- films of heat-resistant synthetic resins such as polyimide, polyether ether ketone, polyethylene naphthalate (PEN), liquid crystal polyarylate, polyamide imide, polyether sulfone, etc. are suitable.
- transparent substrates specifically transparent materials such as polypropylene, polystyrene, polyvinylidene chloride, polycarbonate, polyethylene terephthalate, PEN, etc.
- PET films are widely used industrially, and the transducer film cured product of the present invention and the PET film can be easily bonded.
- the substrate layer is preferably in the form of a film or sheet.
- the thickness is no particular restriction on the thickness, and it can be designed to a desired thickness depending on the application.
- a primer treatment, corona treatment, etching treatment, or plasma treatment may be applied to the surface of the substrate layer in advance, but the present invention has the advantage that a chemical bond can be easily formed between the two, so that an adhesive laminate can be easily obtained without carrying out these pretreatments.
- the method for obtaining such a laminate is not particularly limited, but it can be easily produced by a manufacturing method that includes a step of applying the curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers according to the present invention to at least one surface of one or more layers selected from an electrode layer and a substrate layer, and curing the composition.
- the method of applying the curable organopolysiloxane composition in the form of a film can be any method known in the art, including, without limitation, gravure coating, offset coating, offset gravure, roll coating using an offset transfer roll coater, reverse roll coating, air knife coating, curtain coating using a curtain flow coater, comma coating, Mayer bar, and other known methods used for forming a cured layer.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition of the present invention can be applied in multiple layers.
- the laminate that is the transducer of the present invention preferably has a structure in which laminated organopolysiloxane cured film is chemically bonded at its interface, and the structure is formed by contacting an organopolysiloxane cured film or a thin layer of its precursor, a curable organopolysiloxane composition in an uncured or semi-cured state (before being completely cured), after or before curing, and completely curing the film using a means such as heating, thereby causing a reaction between the curable reactive groups at the interface of the cured film.
- this process may be performed by laminating layers one by one through a curing reaction, or multiple thin layers of curable organopolysiloxane composition having curing reactivity may be laminated in advance, and then the entire film may be completely cured using a means such as heating.
- the laminate of the present invention can be obtained by applying a transducer curable organopolysiloxane composition to at least one surface of one or more layers selected from an electrode layer and a substrate layer, laminating one or more layers selected from other electrode layers and substrate layers on the coating layer of the composition in an uncured or semi-cured state, and completely curing the whole.
- a laminate precursor (e.g., having a configuration of electrode layer/substrate layer/(uncured composition layer)/substrate layer/electrode layer, etc., but not limited thereto) may be prepared by laminating two or three or more electrode layers and substrate layers, and having a coating layer of the uncured transducer curable organopolysiloxane composition between these layers, and curing the whole to prepare a laminate having a transducer film cured product between the layers.
- This manufacturing method is particularly useful as a method for forming electrode layers in transducer components, and can easily provide laminates, electronic components, or display components industrially in which each layer, including the dielectric layer and electrode layer, is firmly bonded and is less susceptible to peeling or defects due to insufficient adhesive strength and conformability.
- the laminate of the organopolysiloxane cured film according to the present invention is useful as an electronic material, a display device member, or a transducer member (including sensors, speakers, actuators, and generators), and can be suitably used as an electronic component or a display device member, particularly as an electroactive film (including a highly dielectric film) with an electrode layer.
- an electroactive film with high dielectric breakdown strength is suitable for transducer members such as actuators in the form of a single layer or laminated film, and has a structure in which the layers are firmly bonded in addition to good return properties after deformation, and is therefore particularly useful for sensors that require pressing operations, speakers that are frequently deformed, actuators that start up under high voltage, and generator applications.
- the curable organopolysiloxane composition for transducers according to the present invention and the cured organopolysiloxane thereof are gels or elastomers with excellent return after deformation, excellent electrical properties and mechanical properties, and can be designed to have high dielectric constant and mechanical strength (specifically, tensile strength, tear strength, elongation, etc.). Therefore, the electroactive silicone elastomer sheet or electroactive silicone gel sheet obtained by curing the organopolysiloxane composition into a thin film can be suitably used for the electroactive film (dielectric layer or electrode layer) that constitutes the transducer.
- the above-mentioned cured product can be used to replace the electrolyte layer or dielectric layer in an actuator element structure known as a so-called “polymer actuator” or “polymer actuator”.
- a polymer actuator that has an electrolyte layer (including an electrolyte layer containing an ionic liquid in a polymer) and an electrode layer formed on the electrolyte layer and that deforms in response to a voltage applied to the electrolyte layer
- the cured product can be used to replace a part or all of the electrolyte layer.
- the organopolysiloxane cured product according to the present invention is elastomer or gel-like and can be designed into a desired shape, and is particularly useful for stacking or structural design requiring a high amount of displacement. Therefore, in existing polymer actuators, structural design or design changes that reflect the above mechanical properties and dielectric properties can be handled by ordinary creation by those skilled in the art, and the present invention strongly suggests such creation.
- Component (a1) dimethylsiloxane polymer, both ends of which are blocked with vinyldimethylsiloxy groups (vinyl group content: 0.22 mass %, weight average molecular weight (Mw): 3.99 ⁇ 10 4 ).
- Component (a2) dimethylsiloxane polymer, both ends of which are blocked with vinyldimethylsiloxy groups (vinyl group content: 0.14 mass %, Mw: 5.97 ⁇ 10 4 ).
- Component (a3x) dimethylsiloxane polymer, both ends blocked with vinyldimethylsiloxy groups (vinyl group content: 0.09 mass %, Mw: 9.95 ⁇ 10 4 ).
- the Mw of component (a) is a weight average molecular weight in terms of polystyrene measured by GPC (gel permeation chromatography) using toluene as a solvent.
- Component (b1) dimethylsiloxy-methylhydrosiloxy-siloxane copolymer, both ends blocked with trimethylsiloxy groups (silicon-bonded water content: 0.70% by mass)
- Component (b2) Dimethylsiloxane polymer, both ends blocked with dimethylhydrosiloxy groups (silicon-bonded water content: 0.02% by mass)
- Component (e): Adhesion improver ( both ends blocked with hydroxydimethylsiloxy groups, reaction product of methylvinylsiloxane and glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane (vinyl group content (wt%) is within the range of approximately 5.2 to 5.6) ⁇ Hydrosilylation Reaction Inhibitor>
- Table 1 (Examples) and Table 2 (Comparative Examples) show the compositions of each experimental example.
- the numerical values corresponding to each component are in mass %, and the sum of these is 100 mass %.
- the crosslinking agent component (d) was used in an amount ranging from 0.54 to 0.76 moles of silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms (Si-H) per mole of vinyl group (unsaturated hydrocarbon group, the same applies below) in the composition.
- Si-H silicon-bonded hydrogen atoms
- p xl value and MW(a)/p xl value in the composition were set as shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- Viscosity of composition before curing The viscosity of each composition before curing was measured using a viscoelasticity measuring device (Anton Paar, model MCR302). Measurements were performed using a 20 mm diameter, 2° cone-plate with varying shear rates. The overall viscosity of each composition measured at 25°C and shear rates of 0.1 (S -1 ) and 10.0 (S -1 ) was recorded. The respective viscosity values are shown in Tables 1 and 2.
- the cured product obtained using the curable organopolysiloxane composition according to this embodiment of the present invention has excellent adhesion to substrates, and it is possible to design a cured product that has both flexibility and responsiveness, and it can be used in a wide range of applications.
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Abstract
Description
(a)成分全体の重量平均分子量が8.0 × 104未満であり、分子中に少なくとも2個の炭素-炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基を有する直鎖状または分岐鎖状のオルガノポリシロキサンまたはその混合物、
(b1)分子鎖の側鎖部位に少なくとも1個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有し、分子鎖の少なくとも片末端にケイ素原子結合水素原子を有さず、分子内に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、
(b2)分子鎖の両末端にケイ素原子結合水素原子を有し、分子内に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、および
(c)有効量のヒドロシリル化反応用触媒
を含有してなり、本組成物中の
成分(b1)中のケイ素原子結合水素原子の物質量(Hb1)、
成分(b2)中のケイ素原子結合水素原子の物質量(Hb2)、および
成分(a)中の炭素―炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基の物質量(Vi)
について、以下の関係式:
px1={Hb1/Hb2}/{(Hb1+Hb2)/Vi}
で定義されるpx1の値でMw(a)を除した値が1,000~8,000での範囲である、トランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物により、解決される。
(a)成分全体の重量平均分子量が8.0 × 104未満であり、分子中に少なくとも2個の炭素-炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基を有する直鎖状または分岐鎖状のオルガノポリシロキサンまたはその混合物、
(b1)分子鎖の側鎖部位に少なくとも1個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有し、分子鎖の少なくとも片末端にケイ素原子結合水素原子を有さず、分子内に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、
(b2)分子鎖の両末端にケイ素原子結合水素原子を有し、分子内に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、および
(c)有効量のヒドロシリル化反応用触媒
を少なくとも含有してなり、さらに、
(d)補強性充填剤および/または(e)接着性付与剤
を含むことが好ましく、任意で、ヒドロシリル化反応阻害剤、その他の有機溶媒、およびその他の任意の添加剤を含んでよい。
成分(a)は、本発明の技術的効果、特に、変形後の良好な戻り特性を実現する上で必須となる構成であり、その重量平均分子量(Mw(a))が8.0 × 104未満であり、分子中に少なくとも2個の炭素-炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基を有する直鎖状または分岐鎖状のオルガノポリシロキサンまたはその混合物である。
(1)
Mwk および wfk はk番目の成分(a)を構成するオルガノポリシロキサンの重量平均分子量と全成分(a)中の重量分率である。
成分(b)は、分子中に少なくとも2個のケイ素結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサンであり、成分(a)の(b1)架橋剤もしくは(b2)鎖延長剤として機能する成分である。
本発明にかかるトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物は、成分(a)、成分(b1)、成分(b2)に関連して、以下のパラメータにより定義されるpx1の値でMw(a)を除した値が所定の範囲にあることを特徴とする。pxlは本組成物の硬化により得られる硬化物の架橋密度および分子間の架橋構造を記述するためのパラメータであり、
成分(b1)中のケイ素原子結合水素原子数(Hb1)、
成分(b2)中のケイ素原子結合水素原子数(Hb2)、および
成分(a)中の炭素―炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基の総数(Vi)
により以下の関係式:
px1={Hb1/Hb2}/{(Hb1+Hb2)/Vi}
で定義され、成分(a)、成分(b1)および成分(b2)の種類及び使用量は、px1の値でMw(a)を除した値が1,000~8,000での範囲となる量である必要がある。他方、pxlの値が前記範囲外では、そのオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物において、変形後の良好な戻り特性およびそれを与える粘弾特性が実現できない場合がある。なお、前記の通り、成分(a)の重量平均分子量が前記上限を超える場合、たとえ、px1の値でMw(a)を除した値が前記範囲内であっても、本発明の技術的効果が実現できない場合がある。なお、本発明において、px1の値は、好適には、6.5~20.0の範囲である。
成分(c)は、成分(a)および成分(b)のヒドロシリル化反応を促進する触媒であり、白金系触媒、ロジウム系触媒、パラジウム系触媒、ニッケル系触媒、イリジウム系触媒、ルテニウム系触媒、および鉄系触媒が例示され、好ましくは、白金系触媒である。この白金系触媒としては、白金微粉末、塩化白金酸、塩化白金酸のアルコール溶液、白金-アルケニルシロキサン錯体、白金-オレフィン錯体、白金-カルボニル錯体、およびこれらの白金系触媒を、シリコーン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、アクリル樹脂等の熱可塑性樹脂で分散あるいはカプセル化した触媒が例示され、特に、白金-アルケニルシロキサン錯体が好ましい。特に、白金の1,3-ジビニル-1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン錯体であることが好ましく、当該錯体のアルケニルシロキサン溶液の形態で添加することが好ましい。加えて、取扱作業性および組成物のポットライフの改善の見地から、熱可塑性樹脂で分散あるいはカプセル化した微粒子状の白金含有ヒドロシリル化反応触媒を用いてもよい。なお、ヒドロシリル化反応を促進する触媒としては、鉄、ルテニウム、鉄/コバルトなどの非白金系金属触媒を用いてもよい。
本発明にかかる硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物は、pxlの値を前期範囲に設定したうえで、本組成物を用いて得られるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物について、特に硬さ等の機械的強度をさらに改善する目的で、さらに(d)補強性充填剤を添加してもよい。成分(d)である補強性充填剤は、本組成物を硬化して、誘電層であるトランスデューサー用の硬化物フィルムを得る場合、少なくともその一部がシリカに代表される無機酸化物微粒子であることが好ましく、1種類以上の有機ケイ素化合物により表面処理され、平均BET比表面積が異なる、成分(d)である補強性充填剤またはその複合体を、当該組成物中の、硬化反応により不揮発性の固形分を形成する成分(すなわち、成分(a)~(e))の和に対して、一定の範囲内で含むことが好ましい。
(d1)1種類以上の有機ケイ素化合物により表面処理された、平均BET比表面積が100m2/gを超える補強性微粒子またはその複合体と
(d2)1種類以上の有機ケイ素化合物により表面処理された、平均BET比表面積が10~100m2/gの範囲にある補強性微粒子またはその複合体を含んでなり、かつ、
成分(d1)と成分(d2)の質量比が50:50~99:1の範囲であり、70:30~97:3の範囲であってよく、70:30~95:5の範囲が好ましい。上記の質量比範囲を外れた場合、硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物の硬化前粘度が上昇したり、また硬化後の力学強度や絶縁破壊強度が低下する恐れがある。
本発明にかかる組成物は、硬化反応により不揮発性の固形分を形成する成分の和である、成分(a)~(e)の合計を100質量%とした場合、成分(d)の含有量(wf)が5~40質量%の範囲であることが好ましく、5~30質量%の範囲が特に好ましい。トランスデューサー用途における誘電性フィルムには変形性および適度な復元力が求められるが、成分(d)の含有量(wf)が上記の上限を超えると組成物の粘度が上昇しやすく、高粘度になって均一かつ薄膜上の塗布が困難になる場合がある。さらに、硬化後の貯蔵弾性率が上昇しやすく、硬すぎるため、トランスデューサー用途における性能が十分に実現できなくなる場合がある。他方、上記の質量%範囲の下限未満では、硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物の硬化後の物性が不十分となる恐れがある。
本発明にかかる硬化性フルオロオルガノポリシロキサン組成物において、その他の充填材は、所望により用いても、用いなくてもよく、例えば、高誘電性充填剤、熱伝導性無機微粒子、絶縁性充填剤等が挙げられ、これらの無機微粒子は、補強性充填材としての機能等、2種類以上の機能を併せ持つ場合がある。
一般式: Ra nSi(ORb)4-n
(式中、Raは一価のエポキシ基含有有機基であり、Rbは炭素原子数1~6のアルキル基または水素原子である。nは1~3の範囲の数である)
で表されるエポキシ基含有シランまたはその部分加水分解縮合物、ビニル基含有シロキサンオリゴマー(鎖状または環状構造のものを含む)とエポキシ基含有トリアルコキシシランとの反応混合物、メチルポリシリケート、エチルポリシリケート、エポキシ基含有エチルポリシリケートが例示される。この接着付与剤は低粘度液状であることが好ましく、その粘度は限定されないが、25℃において1~500mPa・sの範囲内であることが好ましい。また、この接着付与剤の含有量は限定されないが、本組成物の合計100質量部に対して0.01~10質量部の範囲内であることが好ましい。
ヒドロシリル化反応抑制剤は、成分(a)および成分(b)との間で起こる架橋反応や鎖延長反応を抑制して、常温での可使時間を延長し、保存安定性を向上するために配合するものである。従って、本発明の硬化性組成物にとって、実用上、必然的に配合される成分である。
本発明に係る硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物は、そのまま硬化反応に供することができるが、一方、該組成物またはその成分の一部が固形状である場合や粘ちょう液状である場合には、その混和性および取り扱い性を向上させるため、必要に応じて有機溶媒を使用することもできる。特に、本発明の硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物をフィルム状に塗工する場合、全体粘度が100~50,000mPa・sとなる範囲に、溶媒を用いて粘度調整をしてもよく、溶媒で希釈する場合、上記の成分(a)~(c)の和(100質量部)に対して、0~2000質量部の範囲で用いることができる。すなわち、本発明組成物において、溶媒は、0質量部であってもよく、無溶剤型となって好ましい。特に、本発明の硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物に、低重合度のポリマーを選択することで、溶媒フリーとする設計が可能であり、硬化して得られるフィルム中にフッ素系溶媒、有機溶媒等が残留せず、環境負荷の問題および電子デバイスへの溶媒の影響を解消できる利点がある。また、溶媒の使用量が、上記の成分(a)~(c)の和(100質量部)に対して、10質量部以下、好適には5質量部以下の低溶剤型の組成物であってもよく、かつ、好ましい。また、特に、電極層に利用する組成物は、後述する実施例のように、溶剤で希釈し、スプレー塗布により薄膜状に塗布してもよい。
(f1)有機系極性溶媒、
(f2)低分子シロキサン系溶媒、および
(f3)ハロゲン系溶媒
から選ばれる1種類以上の有機溶媒またはそれらの混合溶媒であり、沸点が80℃以上200℃未満のものが好ましく使用される。なお、異種または同種の異なる有機溶媒の任意の比率の混合溶媒であってもよい。好適には、有機溶媒は、ヘキサメチルジシロキサン及びオクタメチルトリシロキサンから選ばれる少なくとも1種の低分子シロキサン系溶媒及びそれらの混合溶媒を含むものであり、これらはOS-10、O-20及びOS-2の名称で、ダウシリコーンズコーポレーションから市販されている。また、硬化性エラストマー組成物中のフルオロアルキル基含有量が高い場合には、任意でこれらの低分子シロキサン系溶媒と上記のハロゲン系溶媒を併用することも本発明の好適な形態に包含される。
本発明にかかる組成物は、基材層または電極層等に塗布してフィルム状に硬化させて使用することができ、特に、その全体粘度およびチキソトロピー性が一定の範囲にある場合、基材層等に対して均一に塗布しやすく、硬化時の基材/電極層との接着性および追従性を改善できる場合がある。特に、以下に定義されるチキソトロピックインデックスを有し、接着付与剤を含む組成物は、界面における接着および化学的な結合を形成しやすくなる点で特に好ましい。
本発明において使用する硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物は、25℃において粘弾性測定装置を用いて剪断速度(以下、単に「シェアレート」と呼ぶことがある)0.1(S-1)で測定した全体粘度が、5~5,000Pa・sの範囲であることが好ましく、100~2,000Pa・sの範囲が特に好ましい。好ましい粘度範囲に設定する目的で、上記の有機溶媒の使用量を調整することも可能であるが、低溶剤型または溶媒フリー(=無溶剤型)とすることもできる。
本発明の硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物は、流動性に優れ、チキソトロピックな挙動が適度であることが好ましい。これにより、全体粘度が低く、かつ、均一塗布性に優れる性質が実現可能である。具体的には、当該組成物についてシェアレート0.1(S-1)で測定した組成物全体の粘度(η0.1)とシェアレート10.0(S-1)で測定した組成物全体の粘度(η10.0)の比であるTI(=η0.1/η10.0)が250以下であることがよい。均一塗布性の見地から、本組成物のTIは、特に好ましくは100以下、より好ましくは10~80の範囲である。
本発明にかかる硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物において、硬化して不揮発性の固形分であるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物を形成する成分の含有量(本発明において、単に「固形分」ということがある)が、組成物全体の5~100質量%の範囲であることが好ましく、50~100質量%の範囲、75~100質量%または85~100質量%の範囲であることがより好ましい。
本発明にかかるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物フィルムをセンサー、アクチュエーター等のトランスデューサーに用いる電気活性フィルム(たとえば、誘電性フィルム)として用いる場合、硬化物に前記の高誘電性官能基を導入してもよい。ただし、高誘電性官能基を含まないオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物フィルムであっても、電気活性フィルムとして利用することは可能である。なお、これらの高誘電性官能基の導入および比誘電率の向上については、例えば、本件出願人らの国際特許公開WO2014/105959号公報等に提案されている。
本組成物の硬化により得られるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物は、その23℃における貯蔵弾性率(G’)の値が、測定周波数0.1および1Hzにおいて、5.00×103~1.00×105Paの範囲内にあり、かつ、これらの測定周波数において、その損失正接が0.3未満であることが好ましい。より好適には、本組成物の硬化により得られるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物は、その23℃における貯蔵弾性率(G’)の値が、測定周波数0.1および1Hzにおいて、1.00×104~7.50×104Paの範囲内にあり、かつ、測定周波数1Hzにおいて、その損失正接が0.05~0.29であることが好ましい。なお、前記のオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物の損失正接は、測定周波数1Hzにおける測定値の方が、0.1Hzにおける測定値より大きくなることが一般的である。本発明に係る組成物は、硬化により粘弾特性(特に上記の貯蔵弾性率および損失正接)が上記の範囲にあるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物を与えるため、変性後の良好な戻り特性を実現でき、トランスデューサー用の誘電層として特に好適に使用可能である。
本発明にかかるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物は、トランスデューサー用の誘電層として好適に用いることができ、誘電層であるトランスデューサー用フィルム硬化物は、その両面(上下層)に電極層を備える構造であってもよく、その両面(上下層)が基材層により挟持された構造であってもよく、一方の面に電極層を備え、他の面が基材層を有する構造であってもよく、さらに、当該基材層は中間層であってもよい。
・成分(a2):両末端ビニルジメチルシロキシ基封鎖、ジメチルシロキサンポリマー(ビニル基含有量:0.14質量%、Mw:5.97×104)。
・成分(a3x):両末端ビニルジメチルシロキシ基封鎖、ジメチルシロキサンポリマー(ビニル基含有量:0.09質量%、Mw:9.95×104)。
なお、成分(a)のMwは、トルエンを溶媒に用いて、GPC(ゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィ)で測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量である。
・成分(b1):両末端トリメチルシロキシ基封鎖、ジメチルシロキシ-メチルヒドロシロキシ-シロキサンコポリマー(ケイ素結合水含有量:0.70質量%)
・成分(b2):両末端ジメチルヒドロシロキシ基封鎖、ジメチルシロキサンポリマー(ケイ素結合水含有量:0.02質量%)
・成分(c):白金-1,3-ジビニル1,1,3,3-テトラメチルジシロキサン錯体の両末端ビニルジメチルシロキシ基封鎖ジメチルシロキサンポリマー溶液(白金濃度で約0.6重量%)
・成分(d):ヘキサメチルジシラザンで処理したヒュームドシリカ(処理前の製品名:アエロジル200)
・成分(e)::接着向上剤(=両末端ヒドロキシジメチルシロキシ基封鎖、メチルビニルシロキサンと グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシランとの反応物(ビニル基の含有量(重量%)が約5.2~5.6の範囲内))
<ヒドロシリル化反応抑制剤>
・成分(f):1-エチニル-1-シクロヘキサノール
表1(実施例)および表2(比較例)に、各実験例の組成を示した。各成分に対応する数値は質量%であり、その総和は100質量%である。また、以下の実施例では組成物中のビニル基(不飽和炭化水素基、以下同じ)1モル当たり、架橋剤である成分(d)のケイ素原子結合水素原子(Si-H)が0.54~0.76モルとなる範囲の量で用いた。その際、組成物中のpxl値およびMW(a)/pxl値を表1および表2に記載の通りに設定した。各成分の混合に当たっては、材料を真空下にて、自転・公転ミキサー(製品名ARV-310LED、シンキ―株式会社製)で最終的に混合し調製した。
各組成物の硬化前粘度は、粘弾性測定装置(アントンパール社製、型番MCR302)を使用して測定した。直径20mm、2°のコーン-プレートを用い、シェアレートを変えて測定を行った。25℃、剪断速度0.1(S-1)および10.0(S-1)で測定した組成物の全体粘度を各々記録した。表1および表2にそれぞれ粘度値を示す。
各組成物を、厚み約150μmのテフロン(登録商標)フィルムで挟み込み、70℃で60分間プレスキュアし、更に130℃で60分間オーブン中ポストキュアを施し、厚さ約2mmの硬化物シートを得た。
上記の通り得られた各硬化物シートの粘弾性を粘弾性測定装置(アントンパール社製、型番MCR302)で測定した。ペルチェ素子温度制御システムおよび直径8mmのパラレルプレートを使用してサンプルを約2mm厚みとなるようにセットした。23℃において、微小変形(0.2%程度)下、周波数掃引して測定を行った。0.1および1.0Hzでの貯蔵弾性率(G’)、損失弾性率(G‘’)および損失正接を表1および2に示す。
硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物を、200μm厚のポリエチレンテレフタレートフィルム上に、約1g程度塗布し、130℃、1時間で硬化させた。その後、へらで硬化物を引き剥がし、硬化物の残渣の有無を基準として、剥離モードが界面剥離(AF)か凝集破壊(CF)かを目視で評価を行った。表1および2に結果を示す。
上記のとおり、実施例1~10において、成分(a)の重量平均分子量(Mw(a))およびpx1の値で各成分のMw(a)を除した値を最適な範囲に設定することにより、組成物の硬化後のG’を23℃、0.1および1.0 Hzにおいて、1.0×104 ~1.0×105 Paとしつつ、損失正接を0.3以下に保つことが可能である。さらに、本発明にかかるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物は機械的特性に著しく優れるものであるから、センサー、アクチュエーターをはじめとする各種トランスデューサー用途において、外部応力による変形後の戻り特性が好適であることを確認した。
Claims (13)
- (a)成分全体の重量平均分子量(Mw(a))が8.0 × 104未満であり、分子中に少なくとも2個の炭素-炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基を有する直鎖状または分岐鎖状のオルガノポリシロキサンまたはその混合物、
(b1)分子鎖の側鎖部位に少なくとも1個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有し、分子鎖の少なくとも片末端にケイ素原子結合水素原子を有さず、分子内に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、
(b2)分子鎖の両末端にケイ素原子結合水素原子を有し、分子内に少なくとも2個のケイ素原子結合水素原子を有するオルガノハイドロジェンポリシロキサン、および
(c)有効量のヒドロシリル化反応用触媒
を含有してなり、本組成物中の
成分(b1)中のケイ素原子結合水素原子の物質量(Hb1)、
成分(b2)中のケイ素原子結合水素原子の物質量(Hb2)、および
成分(a)中の炭素―炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基の物質量(Vi)
について、以下の関係式:
px1={Hb1/Hb2}/{(Hb1+Hb2)/Vi}
で定義されるpx1の値でMw(a)を除した値が1,000~8,000での範囲である、トランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。 - 成分(a)中の炭素-炭素二重結合1モルに対して、成分(b1)および成分(b2)のケイ素原子結合水素原子の物質量の和が0.1~0.99モルの範囲となる量である、請求項1に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。
- 成分(a)が、分子鎖両末端に炭素-炭素二重結合を含む硬化反応性基を有する直鎖状または分岐鎖状のオルガノポリシロキサンまたはその混合物である、請求項1に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。
- さらに、(d)補強性充填剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。
- さらに、(e)接着付与剤を含むことを特徴とする、請求項1に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。
- 25℃において粘弾性測定装置を用いて剪断速度0.1(S-1)で測定した組成物の全体粘度が100~2,000Pa・sの範囲である、請求項1に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。
- 組成物の硬化により得られるオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物の23℃における貯蔵弾性率(G’)の値が、測定周波数0.1および1Hzにおいて、5.00×103~1.00×105Paの範囲内にあり、かつ、これらの測定周波数において、その損失正接が0.3未満である、請求項1に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物。
- 請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物を硬化乃至半硬化させてなる、オルガノポリシロキサン硬化物。
- フィルム状乃至シート状である、請求項8に記載のオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物。
- トランスデューサー用部材、電子材料および表示装置用部材から選ばれる少なくとも1種類以上の用途に使用される、請求項8に記載のオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物。
- トランスデューサー用誘電層である、請求項8に記載のオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物。
- 少なくとも一対の電極層間に、少なくとも1層以上の請求項8に記載のオルガノポリシロキサン硬化物が介装されてなる構造を有する、トランスデューサー。
- 請求項1~請求項7のいずれか1項に記載のトランスデューサー用硬化性オルガノポリシロキサン組成物をフィルム状またはシート状に塗布し、硬化乃至半硬化させる工程を少なくとも有する、トランスデューサーの製造方法。
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