WO2024071363A1 - ポリエステルの製造方法 - Google Patents
ポリエステルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024071363A1 WO2024071363A1 PCT/JP2023/035569 JP2023035569W WO2024071363A1 WO 2024071363 A1 WO2024071363 A1 WO 2024071363A1 JP 2023035569 W JP2023035569 W JP 2023035569W WO 2024071363 A1 WO2024071363 A1 WO 2024071363A1
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- polyester
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/02—Making granules by dividing preformed material
- B29B9/06—Making granules by dividing preformed material in the form of filamentary material, e.g. combined with extrusion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/12—Making granules characterised by structure or composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/02—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/12—Polyesters derived from hydroxycarboxylic acids or from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds derived from polycarboxylic acids and polyhydroxy compounds
- C08G63/16—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds
- C08G63/18—Dicarboxylic acids and dihydroxy compounds the acids or hydroxy compounds containing carbocyclic rings
- C08G63/181—Acids containing aromatic rings
- C08G63/183—Terephthalic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/785—Preparation processes characterised by the apparatus used
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/83—Alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, beryllium, magnesium, copper, silver, gold, zinc, cadmium, mercury, manganese, or compounds thereof
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/78—Preparation processes
- C08G63/82—Preparation processes characterised by the catalyst used
- C08G63/85—Germanium, tin, lead, arsenic, antimony, bismuth, titanium, zirconium, hafnium, vanadium, niobium, tantalum, or compounds thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G63/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic ester link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G63/88—Post-polymerisation treatment
- C08G63/90—Purification; Drying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L101/00—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds
- C08L101/16—Compositions of unspecified macromolecular compounds the macromolecular compounds being biodegradable
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29B—PREPARATION OR PRETREATMENT OF THE MATERIAL TO BE SHAPED; MAKING GRANULES OR PREFORMS; RECOVERY OF PLASTICS OR OTHER CONSTITUENTS OF WASTE MATERIAL CONTAINING PLASTICS
- B29B9/00—Making granules
- B29B9/16—Auxiliary treatment of granules
- B29B2009/168—Removing undesirable residual components, e.g. solvents, unreacted monomers; Degassing
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B29—WORKING OF PLASTICS; WORKING OF SUBSTANCES IN A PLASTIC STATE IN GENERAL
- B29K—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASSES B29B, B29C OR B29D, RELATING TO MOULDING MATERIALS OR TO MATERIALS FOR MOULDS, REINFORCEMENTS, FILLERS OR PREFORMED PARTS, e.g. INSERTS
- B29K2067/00—Use of polyesters or derivatives thereof, as moulding material
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for producing polyesters using a diol component containing 1,4-butanediol and a dicarboxylic acid component as the main raw materials. More specifically, the present invention relates to a method for producing polyesters with a low content of oligomers such as cyclic dimers (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as CD).
- CD cyclic dimers
- Polyesters made primarily from aliphatic diols or alicyclic diols and aliphatic dicarboxylic acids, alicyclic dicarboxylic acids, or aromatic dicarboxylic acids, and polyesters made primarily from aliphatic oxycarboxylic acids, are biodegradable resins with good physical properties and degradability, and are processed and used in products such as agricultural materials, civil engineering materials, and packaging materials.
- Patent Documents 4 and 5 disclose a batch-type treatment method in which a pelletized polyester is placed in a treatment tank and contacted with a contact treatment liquid, and pellets are extracted after contact treatment, as a method for contacting polyester with an alcohol/water mixture (contact treatment liquid), and a continuous treatment method in which pellets are continuously supplied to a pipe or treatment tank, and the contact treatment liquid is contacted in a parallel or countercurrent flow to the flow of the pellets, and pellets are continuously extracted.
- a method is disclosed in which pellets are supplied from the top of a tank that stores a contact treatment liquid containing pellets, a part of the contact treatment liquid is extracted from the side of the tank, and a part of the contact treatment liquid containing the pellets is extracted from the bottom of the tank. Furthermore, it is also disclosed that the contact treatment liquid extracted after the contact treatment can be recovered by distillation and recycled, and that a part of the extracted contact treatment liquid can be discarded and new contact treatment liquid can be added in the amount equivalent to the discarded amount.
- JP 2005-324259 A Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 7-316276 JP 2004-107457 A JP 2010-195989 A JP 2012-092310 A
- polyester is treated with acetone to reduce the cyclic oligomer content
- there is a problem of an unpleasant odor due to the acetone remaining in the pellets after treatment and therefore there is a problem of the need for an additional water treatment process after the acetone treatment, which requires excessively large equipment.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and has an object to provide a method for producing a polyester that can suppress deterioration in quality by reducing the amount of cyclic oligomers in the polyester.
- the present inventors discovered that the above-mentioned problems can be solved by controlling the concentration of cyclic dimers in a contact treatment liquid that is brought into contact with polyester pellets, and thus completed the present invention. That is, the present invention relates to the following [1] to [15].
- a method for producing a polyester having the following structure The method for producing a polyester, wherein in the contact treatment step, a concentration of cyclic dimers in the contact treatment liquid when brought into contact with the polyester pellets is 3,500 ppm by mass or less.
- the method for producing a polyester according to [1] wherein the temperature of the contact treatment liquid when the polyester pellets are brought into contact with the contact treatment liquid is 25° C. or higher and not higher than the melting point of the polyester.
- a method for producing a polyester resin composition comprising: an esterification reaction step of reacting a diol component containing 1,4-butanediol with a dicarboxylic acid component; a pelletization step of pelletizing a polyester obtained through the esterification reaction step; a contact treatment step of contacting the polyester pellets obtained in the pelletization step with a contact treatment liquid which is a mixture of an alcohol and water; and a separation step of separating at least a portion of a cyclic dimer in the contact treatment liquid after the contact treatment step, the contact treatment liquid from which at least a portion of the cyclic dimer has been separated in the separation step is used as the contact treatment liquid in the contact treatment step.
- a method for producing a polyester comprising: a contact treatment step of contacting polyester pellets with a contact treatment liquid comprising a mixture of an alcohol and water; a separation step of separating at least a portion of a cyclic dimer from the contact treatment liquid obtained in the contact treatment step; and a polyester production step of contacting the contact treatment liquid obtained by separating the cyclic dimer in the separation step with the polyester pellets to obtain a polyester, wherein the polyester obtained in the production step has a cyclic dimer content of 2000 ppm by mass or less.
- a food contact film made of a polyester composition containing a polyester that includes repeating structural units derived from a diol including 1,4-butanediol and repeating structural units derived from a dicarboxylic acid, and has a cyclic dimer content of 2000 ppm by mass or less.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention can reduce the amount of cyclic oligomers in the polyester by controlling the amount of cyclic dimers in the contact treatment liquid that is brought into contact with the polyester pellets, and can obtain a product without reducing productivity during molding while suppressing deterioration of the polyester quality.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of an esterification reaction step employed in the present invention.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a polycondensation process employed in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing an embodiment of the contact treatment step and separation step employed in the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing one embodiment of a drying step employed in the present invention.
- mass % are synonymous with “weight %”, “ppm by weight”, and “parts by weight”.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention is a polyester manufacturing method having an esterification reaction step of reacting a diol component containing at least 1,4-butanediol with a dicarboxylic acid component, a pelletization step of pelletizing the polyester obtained through the esterification reaction step, and a contact treatment step of contacting the polyester pellets obtained in the pelletization step with a contact treatment liquid, in which the concentration of cyclic dimers in the contact treatment liquid in the contact treatment step is 3500 mass ppm or less.
- the cyclic dimer and cyclic oligomer are compounds by-produced by cyclization of a part of the polyester obtained through an esterification reaction step in which a diol component containing 1,4-butanediol is reacted with a dicarboxylic acid component, and are cyclic dimers and cyclic oligomers composed of a diol containing 1,4-butanediol and a dicarboxylic acid, respectively.
- the cyclic dimer can be represented, for example, by the following general formula (A).
- R 1 , R 2 , R 3 and R 4 each independently represent an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 40 carbon atoms or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 40 carbon atoms.
- an aliphatic hydrocarbon group it may be a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group, a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group, or a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group and a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group bonded together.
- a chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group it may be a straight-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group or a branched-chain aliphatic hydrocarbon group.
- a cyclic aliphatic hydrocarbon group it may be a monocyclic ring, or a ring in which a plurality of rings are bonded to each other or condensed together.
- Examples of the cyclic dimer represented by general formula (A) include a cyclic dimer in which R1 and R3 are linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 4 carbon atoms, and R2 and R4 are linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 2 carbon atoms; and a cyclic dimer in which R1 and R3 are linear aliphatic hydrocarbon groups having 4 carbon atoms, R2 is a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 2 carbon atoms, and R4 is a linear aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 4 carbon atoms.
- any diol component that is usually used as a raw material for polyesters can be used without any particular limitation, so long as it contains at least 1,4-butanediol as described above.
- the diol component may be an aliphatic diol component or an aromatic diol component.
- aliphatic diol components other than 1,4-butanediol include alkylene diols such as ethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, 1,10-decanediol, and neopentyl glycol; oxyalkylene diols such as diethylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, and polytetramethylene ether glycol; and cycloalkylene diols such as 1,2-cyclohexanediol, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, 1,2-cyclohexanedimethanol, and 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol.
- alkylene diols such
- alkylene diols having 6 or less carbon atoms such as ethylene glycol and 1,3-propanediol
- cycloalkylene diols having 6 or less carbon atoms such as 1,4-cyclohexanedimethanol are preferred in terms of the physical properties of the resulting polyester.
- aromatic diol components include xylylene glycol, 4,4'-dihydroxybiphenyl, 2,2-bis(4'-hydroxyphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4'- ⁇ -hydroxyethoxyphenyl)propane, bis(4-hydroxyphenyl)sulfone, and bis(4- ⁇ -hydroxyethoxyphenyl)sulfonic acid.
- the aromatic diol component may be a derivative of an aromatic diol compound. It may also be a compound having a structure in which multiple aliphatic diol compounds and/or aromatic diol compounds are dehydrated and condensed together.
- aliphatic diol components and aromatic diol components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of 1,4-butanediol used is preferably 50 mol% or more of the total diol components, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 90 mol% or more, from the viewpoints of the melting point (heat resistance), biodegradability, and mechanical properties of the resulting polyester. Furthermore, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, and 1,4-butanediol derived from plant raw materials can be used.
- dicarboxylic acid component used in the present invention any dicarboxylic acid that is usually used as a raw material for polyester can be used without any particular limitation.
- dicarboxylic acid component an aliphatic dicarboxylic acid component or an aromatic dicarboxylic acid component may be used.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acid component examples include aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, succinic acid, succinic anhydride, glutaric acid, adipic acid, pimelic acid, suberic acid, azelaic acid, sebacic acid, undecadicarboxylic acid, dodecadicarboxylic acid, and dimer acid.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids such as succinic acid, succinic anhydride, adipic acid, and sebacic acid are preferred in terms of the physical properties of the resulting polyester.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acids having 4 or less carbon atoms such as succinic acid and succinic anhydride are preferred.
- aromatic dicarboxylic acid components include phthalic acid, isophthalic acid, dibromoisophthalic acid, sulfoisophthalic acid, 1,4-phenylenedioxydicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyldicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenyletherdicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylketonedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenoxyethanedicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diphenylsulfonedicarboxylic acid, 2,6-naphthalenedicarboxylic acid, hexahydrophthalic acid, hexahydroisophthalic acid, and hexahydroterephthalic acid.
- the aromatic dicarboxylic acid component may be a derivative of an aromatic dicarboxylic acid compound.
- derivatives of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid components exemplified above are preferred, and among these, lower alkyl esters having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and acid anhydrides are included.
- Specific examples of derivatives of aromatic dicarboxylic acid compounds include lower alkyl esters such as methyl esters, ethyl esters, propyl esters, and butyl esters of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid components exemplified above; cyclic acid anhydrides of the aromatic dicarboxylic acid components exemplified above, such as succinic anhydride; and the like.
- aliphatic dicarboxylic acid components and aromatic dicarboxylic acid components may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the amount of succinic acid used is preferably 50 mol% or more of the total dicarboxylic acid components, more preferably 70 mol% or more, and particularly preferably 90 mol% or more, from the viewpoints of the melting point (heat resistance), biodegradability, and mechanical properties of the resulting polyester.
- succinic acid, succinic anhydride, adipic acid, etc., derived from plant raw materials can be used.
- other components than the diol component containing at least 1,4-butanediol and the dicarboxylic acid component may be copolymerized.
- copolymerization components that can be used in this case include oxycarboxylic acids such as lactic acid, glycolic acid, hydroxybutyric acid, hydroxycaproic acid, 2-hydroxy-3,3-dimethylbutyric acid, 2-hydroxy-3-methylbutyric acid, 2-hydroxyisocaproic acid, malic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid, and esters, lactones, and oxycarboxylic acid polymers of these oxycarboxylic acids, polyhydric alcohols having three or more functional groups such as glycerin, trimethylolpropane, and pentaerythritol, and polyvalent carboxylic acids having three or more functional groups or anhydrides thereof such as propanetricarboxylic acid, p
- polyesters with high viscosity By adding small amounts of trifunctional or higher oxycarboxylic acids, trifunctional or higher alcohols, trifunctional or higher carboxylic acids, etc., it is easy to obtain polyesters with high viscosity.
- oxycarboxylic acids such as malic acid, citric acid, and fumaric acid are preferred, and malic acid is especially preferred.
- the amount of trifunctional or higher polyfunctional compounds is preferably 0.001 to 5 mol %, more preferably 0.05 to 0.5 mol %, of the total dicarboxylic acid components. If the amount exceeds the upper limit of this range, gel (unmelted material) is likely to form in the resulting polyester, and if it is below the lower limit, the advantage of using polyfunctional compounds (which usually makes it possible to increase the viscosity of the resulting polyester) is difficult to obtain.
- the intrinsic viscosity (IV, dL/g) of the polyester pellets to be contacted with the contact treatment liquid and the intrinsic viscosity of the polyester pellets after contact treatment with the contact treatment liquid preferably have a lower limit of 1.4 dL/g, particularly preferably 1.6 dL/g.
- the upper limit is preferably 2.8 dL/g, more preferably 2.5, particularly preferably 2.3 dL/g. If the intrinsic viscosity is below the lower limit, it is difficult to obtain sufficient mechanical strength when molded into a molded product. If the intrinsic viscosity exceeds the upper limit, the melt viscosity during molding is high and molding is difficult.
- the amount of terminal carboxyl groups in the polyester to be brought into contact with the contact treatment solution is usually 80 (equivalents/ton) or less, preferably 60 (equivalents/ton) or less, more preferably 40 (equivalents/ton) or less, and particularly preferably 25 (equivalents/ton) or less.
- the lower the lower limit the better the thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance, but it is usually 5 (equivalents/ton) or more. If the upper limit is exceeded, the viscosity reduction due to hydrolysis becomes significant, and the quality may be significantly impaired.
- polyester pellets used in the contact step of the present invention
- a diol component including 1,4-butanediol and a dicarboxylic acid component are subjected to an esterification reaction step and a melt polycondensation reaction step using a plurality of continuous reaction vessels to continuously obtain polyester pellets.
- the method is not limited to the continuous method, and any conventionally known method for producing polyester pellets can be used as long as it does not impede the effects of the present invention.
- the polyester pellets are contact-treated with a contact treatment liquid and then dried.
- the polyester pellets used in the contact treatment step of the present invention are produced through an esterification reaction step in which a diol component containing at least 1,4-butanediol is reacted with a dicarboxylic acid component.
- the esterification reaction step and other steps that follow can be carried out in multiple continuous reaction tanks or in a single reaction tank, but it is preferable to carry them out in multiple continuous reaction tanks in order to reduce fluctuations in the physical properties of the resulting polyester pellets.
- the reaction temperature in the esterification reaction step is not particularly limited as long as it is a temperature at which the esterification reaction can be carried out, but it is preferably 200°C or higher, more preferably 210°C or higher, in order to increase the reaction rate, and is preferably 250°C or lower, more preferably 245°C or lower, and particularly preferably 240°C or lower, in order to prevent discoloration of the polyester.
- the esterification temperature is a constant temperature.
- a constant temperature stabilizes the esterification rate.
- the constant temperature is the set temperature ⁇ 5°C, and preferably ⁇ 2°C.
- the reaction atmosphere is preferably an inert gas atmosphere such as nitrogen or argon.
- the reaction pressure is preferably 50 kPa to 200 kPa, more preferably 60 kPa or more, even more preferably 70 kPa or more, more preferably 130 kPa or less, even more preferably 110 kPa or less.
- reaction pressure is below the lower limit, the amount of flying material in the reaction vessel will increase, the haze of the reaction product will increase, and this is likely to cause an increase in foreign matter.
- more diol components will be distilled out of the reaction system, which is likely to cause a decrease in the polycondensation reaction rate.
- reaction pressure exceeds the upper limit, more dehydration of the diol components will occur, which is likely to cause a decrease in the polycondensation rate.
- the reaction time is preferably 1 hour or more, with the upper limit being preferably 10 hours or less, and more preferably 4 hours or less.
- the molar ratio of diol components to dicarboxylic acid components undergoing the esterification reaction represents the molar ratio of diol components and esterified diol components to dicarboxylic acid components and esterified dicarboxylic acid components present in the gas phase and reaction liquid phase of the esterification reaction tank, and does not include dicarboxylic acid components, diol components, and their decomposition products that are decomposed in the reaction system and do not contribute to the esterification reaction. For example, when the diol component 1,4-butanediol is decomposed to tetrahydrofuran, this molar ratio does not include this.
- the lower limit of the above molar ratio is usually 1.10 or more, preferably 1.12 or more, more preferably 1.15 or more, and particularly preferably 1.20 or more.
- the upper limit is usually 2.00 or less, preferably 1.80 or less, more preferably 1.60 or less, and particularly preferably 1.55 or less.
- the esterification reaction is likely to be insufficient, making it difficult to proceed with the polycondensation reaction in the subsequent process, and making it difficult to obtain a polyester with a high degree of polymerization.
- the decomposition amounts of the diol component and dicarboxylic acid component there is a tendency for the decomposition amounts of the diol component and dicarboxylic acid component to increase. In order to keep this molar ratio within the preferred range, it is a preferred method to appropriately replenish the diol component to the esterification reaction system.
- the polycondensation reaction refers to a high molecular weight reaction of polyester carried out at a reaction pressure of 50 kPa or less, the esterification reaction being carried out at 50 to 200 kPa, usually in an esterification reaction tank, and the polycondensation reaction being carried out at 50 kPa or less, preferably 10 kPa or less, in a polycondensation reaction tank.
- the esterification rate of the esterification reaction product is preferably 85% or more, more preferably 88% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more. If it is below the lower limit, the polycondensation reactivity, which is the reaction in the subsequent process, will deteriorate. In addition, the amount of flying material during the polycondensation reaction will increase, adhere to the wall surfaces and solidify, and this flying material will fall into the reaction product, causing a worsening of haze (generation of foreign matter). The higher the upper limit, the better for the polycondensation reaction, which is the reaction in the subsequent process, but it is usually 99%.
- the present invention by carrying out a continuous reaction in the esterification reaction with the molar ratio of the dicarboxylic acid component to the diol component, the reaction temperature, the reaction pressure, and the reaction rate in the above-mentioned ranges, and continuously subjecting the reaction to a polycondensation reaction, it is possible to efficiently obtain a high-quality polyester with low haze and little foreign matter.
- ⁇ Polycondensation reaction step> In the production of the polyester used in the contact treatment step of the present invention, it is preferable to carry out a polycondensation reaction in a polycondensation reaction step following the esterification reaction step.
- the polycondensation reaction can be carried out under reduced pressure using a plurality of continuous reaction tanks.
- the reaction pressure in the final polycondensation reaction tank is usually set at a lower limit of 0.01 kPa or more, preferably 0.03 kPa or more, and at an upper limit of 1.4 kPa or less, preferably 0.4 kPa or less. If the pressure during the polycondensation reaction is too high, the polycondensation time will be longer, which will lead to a decrease in molecular weight and discoloration due to thermal decomposition of the polyester, making it difficult to produce polyester with sufficient properties for practical use.
- a manufacturing method using ultra-high vacuum polycondensation equipment with a reaction pressure of less than 0.01 kPa is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the polycondensation reaction rate, but is economically disadvantageous because it requires an extremely expensive capital investment.
- the reaction temperature is generally in the range of 215°C, preferably 220°C at the lower limit, and 270°C, preferably 260°C at the upper limit. If the reaction temperature is below the lower limit, not only will the polycondensation reaction rate be slow, and it will take a long time to produce a polyester with a high degree of polymerization, but a high-power mixer will also be required, which is economically disadvantageous. On the other hand, if the reaction temperature exceeds the upper limit, thermal decomposition of the polyester during production is likely to occur, making it difficult to produce a polyester with a high degree of polymerization.
- the lower limit of the reaction time is usually 1 hour, and the upper limit is usually 15 hours, preferably 10 hours, and more preferably 8 hours. If the reaction time is too short, the reaction will be insufficient, making it difficult to obtain a polyester with a high degree of polymerization, and the mechanical properties of the molded product will tend to be poor. On the other hand, if the reaction time is too long, the molecular weight will decrease significantly due to thermal decomposition of the polyester, and not only will the mechanical properties of the molded product tend to be poor, but the amount of carboxyl group terminals, which has a negative effect on the durability of the polyester, may increase due to thermal decomposition.
- polyester with the desired intrinsic viscosity can be obtained.
- ⁇ Reaction catalyst> The esterification reaction and polycondensation reaction are accelerated by using a reaction catalyst.
- a sufficient reaction rate can be obtained even without an esterification reaction catalyst.
- the catalyst may produce insoluble precipitates in the reaction product due to water produced by the esterification reaction, which may impair the transparency of the resulting polyester (i.e., increase the haze) and may become a foreign substance, so it is preferable not to add a reaction catalyst during the esterification reaction.
- a catalyst is added to the gas phase of the reaction tank, the haze may increase and the catalyst may become a foreign substance, so it is preferable to add it to the reaction liquid.
- metal elements of Groups 1 to 14 of the Periodic Table are generally used as polycondensation reaction catalysts.
- Specific examples of metal elements include scandium, yttrium, samarium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, chromium, molybdenum, tungsten, tin, antimony, cerium, germanium, zinc, cobalt, manganese, iron, aluminum, magnesium, calcium, strontium, sodium, and potassium.
- scandium, yttrium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, tungsten, zinc, iron, and germanium are preferred, with titanium, zirconium, tungsten, iron, and germanium being particularly preferred.
- metal elements in Groups 3 to 6 of the periodic table that exhibit Lewis acidity are preferred. Specifically, these are scandium, titanium, zirconium, vanadium, molybdenum, and tungsten, with titanium and zirconium being particularly preferred due to their ease of availability, and titanium being even more preferred in terms of reaction activity.
- the catalysts preferably used are compounds containing organic groups such as carboxylates, alkoxy salts, organic sulfonates, or ⁇ -diketonate salts containing these metal elements, as well as inorganic compounds such as oxides and halides of the above-mentioned metals, and mixtures thereof.
- the catalyst is preferably a compound that is liquid during polymerization or dissolves in ester oligomers or polyesters, because the polymerization rate increases when the catalyst is in a molten or dissolved state during polymerization.
- solvents for dissolving the catalyst include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol, the above-mentioned diols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, and pentanediol, ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran, nitriles such as acetonitrile, hydrocarbon compounds such as heptane and toluene, water, and mixtures thereof, and the amount used is such that the catalyst concentration is usually 0.0001% by mass or more and 99% by mass or less.
- alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, and butanol
- the above-mentioned diols such as ethylene glycol, butanediol, and pentanediol
- ethers such as diethyl ether and tetrahydrofuran
- nitriles such as acetonitrile
- Titanium compounds are preferably tetraalkyl titanates and their hydrolysates, specifically tetra-n-propyl titanate, tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, tetra-t-butyl titanate, tetraphenyl titanate, tetracyclohexyl titanate, tetrabenzyl titanate, mixed titanates thereof, and their hydrolysates.
- tetra-n-propyl titanate tetraisopropyl titanate, tetra-n-butyl titanate, titanium (oxy)acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, titanium bis(ammonium lactate) dihydroxide, polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium lactate, butyl titanate dimer, and liquids obtained by mixing alcohol, a Group 2 metal compound in the long periodic table, a phosphate ester compound, and a titanium compound are preferred, and ....
- liquids obtained by mixing titanium tetraacetylacetonate, polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium lactate, butyl titanate dimer, alcohol, a Group 2 metal compound in the long periodic table, a phosphate ester compound, and a titanium compound and particularly preferred are liquids obtained by mixing titanium tetraacetylacetonate, polyhydroxytitanium stearate, titanium (oxy)acetylacetonate, titanium tetraacetylacetonate, alcohol, a Group 2 metal compound in the long periodic table, a phosphate ester compound, and a titanium compound.
- zirconium compounds include zirconium tetraacetate, zirconium acetate hydroxide, zirconium tris(butoxy)stearate, zirconyl diacetate, zirconium oxalate, zirconyl oxalate, potassium zirconium oxalate, polyhydroxyzirconium stearate, zirconium ethoxide, zirconium tetra-n-propoxide, zirconium tetraisopropoxide, zirconium tetra-n-butoxide, zirconium tetra-t-butoxide, zirconium tributoxyacetylacetonate, and mixtures thereof.
- germanium compounds include inorganic germanium compounds such as germanium oxide and germanium chloride, and organic germanium compounds such as tetraalkoxygermanium.
- germanium oxide, tetraethoxygermanium, and tetrabutoxygermanium are preferred, with germanium oxide being particularly preferred.
- iron compounds include inorganic chlorides such as ferric chloride, inorganic oxides such as triiron tetroxide, and organic iron complexes such as ferrocene. Among these, inorganic oxides are preferred.
- Other metal-containing compounds include scandium compounds such as scandium carbonate, scandium acetate, scandium chloride, and scandium acetylacetonate; yttrium compounds such as yttrium carbonate, yttrium chloride, yttrium acetate, and yttrium acetylacetonate; vanadium compounds such as vanadium chloride, vanadium trichloride oxide, vanadium acetylacetonate, and vanadium acetylacetonate oxide; molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum chloride and molybdenum acetate; tungsten compounds such as tungsten chloride, tungsten acetate, and tungsten acid; and lanthanide compounds such as cerium chloride, samarium chloride, and ytterbium chloride.
- scandium compounds such as scandium carbonate, scandium acetate, scandium chloride, and scandium acetylacetonate
- the amount of catalyst added is usually 0.1 mass ppm or more, preferably 0.5 mass ppm or more, more preferably 1 mass ppm or more, and the upper limit is usually 3000 mass ppm or less, preferably 1000 mass ppm or less, more preferably 250 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably 130 mass ppm or less, in terms of the amount of metal relative to the polyester produced. If too much catalyst is used, not only is it economically disadvantageous, but for reasons that are not yet clear, the concentration of carboxyl groups in the polyester may increase, and the thermal stability and hydrolysis resistance of the polyester may decrease due to an increase in the amount of carboxyl groups and the residual catalyst concentration. Conversely, if the amount is too little, the polymerization activity decreases, which induces thermal decomposition of the polyester during polyester production, making it difficult to obtain a polyester that exhibits practically useful physical properties.
- the location of the catalyst added to the reaction system is not particularly limited as long as it is before the polycondensation reaction step, and it may be added when the raw materials are charged. However, if the catalyst is present in a situation where a large amount of water is present or is being generated, the catalyst may be deactivated, causing the precipitation of foreign matter and impairing the quality of the product, so it is preferable to add it after the esterification reaction step.
- the esterification reaction tank used in the present invention may be any of the known types, such as a vertical agitated complete mixing tank, a vertical thermal convection mixing tank, or a tower-type continuous reaction tank, and may be a single tank or a plurality of tanks of the same or different types connected in series.
- a reaction tank having an agitator is preferred, and as the agitator, in addition to a normal type consisting of a power unit, bearings, a shaft, and an agitator blade, a high-speed rotating type such as a turbine stator type high-speed rotating agitator, a disk mill type agitator, or a rotor mill type agitator may be used.
- the type of stirring can also be selected from known types, and specific examples include propeller blades, screw blades, turbine blades, fan turbine blades, disk turbine blades, Pfaudle blades, full zone blades, Max Blend blades, etc.
- polycondensation reaction tank used in the present invention, and examples include vertical agitation polymerization tanks, horizontal agitation polymerization tanks, thin-film evaporation polymerization tanks, etc.
- the polycondensation reaction tank can be a single tank, or a multiple tank configuration in which multiple tanks of the same or different types are connected in series.
- it is preferable to select a horizontal agitation polymerization machine with thin-film evaporation function that has excellent interface renewal properties, plug flow properties, and self-cleaning properties.
- the polyester obtained through the esterification reaction step is pelletized, and in the pellet state, is subjected to a contact treatment with a contact treatment liquid.
- Pelletization methods widely used include the strand cut method, in which molten polyester is extruded from the nozzle holes of a die head using a gear pump or extruder, and cut with a cutter while being cooled with water or the like, or the cooled and solidified strands, and the underwater hot cut method, in which the polyester is extruded from the nozzle holes into water and immediately cut in the molten state.
- the underwater hot cut method is preferably used for the polyester of the present invention, since there is little cutting waste in the pellets, the angle of repose of the resulting pellets is low, the pellets are stable in transport, and the feeding stability to the molding machine during molding is good.
- the cooling water temperature in the underwater cut method is preferably 10°C or higher at the lower limit, more preferably 20°C or higher at the upper limit, 70°C or lower, more preferably 60°C or lower, and even more preferably 50°C or lower.
- Nozzle holes with a diameter of 1 mm to 30 mm are usually used. There are no particular restrictions on the shape of the opening, but shapes such as circle, ellipse, oblong, square, or star are used.
- the discharge rate per opening is usually 5 to 100 kg/hour, preferably 10 to 70 kg/hour, and more preferably 20 to 50 kg/hour.
- Pellets may be spherical, cylindrical, elliptical, oblong, rectangular, or cocoon-shaped, or may be flattened versions of these. In the underwater hot-cut method, the pellets are often spherical, cocoon-shaped, or flattened.
- the weight of each pellet is 1 to 50 mg, preferably 3 to 40 mg, and more preferably 5 to 30 mg. Also, a larger pellet surface area per mass is preferable in terms of extraction efficiency in the contact treatment process.
- the pellets obtained in the pelletizing step are subjected to a treatment (sometimes referred to as a contact treatment in this specification) in which they are brought into contact with a contact treatment liquid, and the CD content in the pellets is reduced by extracting the CDs contained in the pellets into the contact treatment liquid.
- a treatment sometimes referred to as a contact treatment in this specification
- the contact treatment liquid used in the present invention is not particularly limited as long as it is a treatment liquid capable of extracting the cyclic dimer contained in the polyester pellets, and examples thereof include alcohols such as methanol, ethanol, isopropanol, butanol, ketones such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, ethers such as diisopropyl ether, 1,4-dioxane, esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl acetate, isopropyl acetate, water, etc.
- a mixture of alcohol and water is preferred in terms of ease of handling, cost, extraction efficiency, etc., and when polyester is used for food contact applications, a water/ethanol mixture is more preferred in terms of safety to the human body.
- the contact treatment step is usually carried out immediately after pelletization, but the resulting pellets may also be temporarily stored in a storage tank before being subjected to the contact treatment.
- the proportion of water in the entire contact treatment liquid is usually preferably 10% by mass or more, more preferably 20% by mass or more, and even more preferably 25% by mass or more, and is usually 99% by mass or less, preferably 95% by mass or less, even more preferably 90% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 85% by mass or less.
- the quality of the polyester tends to deteriorate due to a decrease in molecular weight caused by hydrolysis by alcohols, ketones, and esters. Furthermore, when the ratio of alcohols, ketones, and esters is increased, the liquid and the gas generated from the liquid during use become more explosive, and so care must be taken in handling from a safety standpoint. On the other hand, if the water ratio exceeds the upper limit, the cyclic oligomers are not sufficiently removed, the CD content cannot be sufficiently reduced, and polyester of the desired quality may not be obtained.
- the concentration of the cyclic dimer in the entire contact treatment liquid that is brought into contact with the polyester pellets is preferably at a lower limit of 100 ppm by mass, more preferably 300 ppm by mass, and even more preferably 500 ppm by mass, from the viewpoints of process and cost, such as the increase in cost due to the increase in size of the cyclic dimer removal equipment, the disposal of the treatment liquid, and the increase in the amount of purification.
- the upper limit is 3500 ppm by mass, preferably 3000 ppm by mass, and more preferably 2500 ppm by mass.
- oligomer removal may be insufficient, the cyclic dimer content in the polyester pellets may not be reduced sufficiently, and polyester of the desired quality may not be obtained.
- the lower limit of the temperature of the contact treatment liquid when the polyester pellets are contacted with the contact treatment liquid is preferably 25°C, more preferably 30°C, even more preferably 35°C, and particularly preferably 40°C.
- the upper limit is usually the melting point of the polyester, and is preferably 95°C, more preferably 90°C, and particularly preferably 85°C. If the contact temperature is lower than the lower limit, not only will a long treatment time be required, which is economically disadvantageous, but also a polyester of desired quality may not be obtained due to a decrease in the oligomer removal effect. On the other hand, if the contact temperature exceeds the upper limit, the viscosity will decrease significantly due to hydrolysis and alcoholysis, which will not only impair the quality, but will also cause difficulties in operation, such as fusion between pellets and poor pellet extraction.
- the lower limit of the time for contacting the polyester pellets with the contact treatment solution is usually 0.1 hours, preferably 1 hour, and more preferably 3 hours.
- the upper limit is usually 24 hours, preferably 18 hours, and more preferably 10 hours. If the contact time is less than the lower limit, oligomer removal may be insufficient, and polyester of desired quality may not be obtained. On the other hand, if the contact time exceeds the upper limit, the viscosity may decrease significantly due to hydrolysis and alcoholysis, and the quality may be impaired.
- the ratio of the polyester pellets to be contacted with the contact treatment liquid is usually 1.0 or more, preferably 1.5 or more, and more preferably 2.0 or more, in terms of mass ratio.
- the upper limit is usually 50 or less, preferably 30 or less, and more preferably 20 or less. If the mass ratio of the pellets to be contacted with the liquid is less than the lower limit, the CD removal effect decreases due to an increase in the CD concentration in the contact treatment liquid during treatment, and polyester of desired quality may not be obtained.
- the mass ratio of the pellets to the liquid to be contacted with the contact exceeds the upper limit, it is disadvantageous in terms of process and cost, such as an increase in the size of the equipment due to a large amount of contact treatment liquid used and an increase in the cost of the contact treatment liquid.
- the polyester pellets may be contacted with the contact treatment solution in a batchwise or continuous manner, and either of these may be employed.
- the batch process may be carried out by placing the pellets and the contact treatment liquid in a treatment tank, contacting the pellets with the contact treatment liquid for a predetermined time at a predetermined temperature, and then removing the pellets from the tank.
- the contact treatment between the pellets and the contact treatment liquid may be carried out with or without circulation of the contact treatment liquid.
- An embodiment of the continuous process in the present invention includes a method in which pellets are continuously supplied to a pipe or treatment tank, a contact treatment liquid at a predetermined temperature is brought into contact with the flow of the pellets in a parallel or countercurrent manner to the flow of the pellets, and the pellets are continuously withdrawn while maintaining a predetermined contact time.
- the contact treatment liquid is recycled, it is preferable to separate the cyclic dimer in the separation step, since it is easy to control the concentration of the cyclic dimer relative to the entire contact treatment liquid to be contacted with the polyester pellets in the contact treatment step to a desired range and reduce the amount of cyclic dimer contained in the obtained polyester pellets.
- the separator used in the separation step is not particularly limited as long as it can separate the cyclic dimer from the contact treatment liquid, and specific examples thereof include a distillation column, a crystallizer, a thin film evaporator, and a centrifugal separator. After at least a part of the cyclic dimer is separated to adjust the cyclic dimer content in the contact treatment liquid, it can be recycled and reused as the contact treatment liquid in the contact treatment step.
- the separation rate which is the ratio of the contact treatment liquid supplied to the separator (XI) by the supply line (111) to the contact treatment liquid recovered in the recovery line (106) after contacting with the polyester pellets in the contact treatment tank (III), may be 20% by mass or more, 25% by mass or more, 30% by mass or more, 35% by mass or more, 40% by mass or more, 45% by mass or more, 50% by mass or more, 55% by mass or more, or 90% by mass or more, from the viewpoint of both recycling the contact treatment liquid and the quality of the obtained polyester pellets.
- the upper limit of the separation rate is 100% by mass. If the separation rate is less than the lower limit, the cyclic dimer may accumulate in the contact treatment liquid, and a polyester of desired quality may not be obtained.
- the separated cyclic dimer can be supplied to the esterification reaction step or the polycondensation reaction step and used as a raw material for polyester. It is a preferred method to return the separated cyclic dimer to the esterification reaction tank in the esterification reaction step or to the slurry tank of the dicarboxylic acid component and the diol component.
- the contact treatment liquid after the separation step can be recycled as is, or new contact treatment liquid can be added in an amount equivalent to the amount of contact treatment liquid extracted along with the separated cyclic dimer.
- Dryers used in the drying step include tray-type dryers, band dryers, horizontal cylindrical rotary dryers, horizontal dryers with rotary blades, vertical dryers with rotary blades (so-called hopper dryer type dryers), moving bed vertical dryers, fluidized bed dryers, etc. Dryers that do not use the above gas flow system include double-cone type rotary vacuum dryers, tumbler type rotary vacuum dryers, microwave dryers, etc.
- the lower limit of the drying temperature as gas temperature is usually 25°C, preferably 30°C, more preferably 35°C, and particularly preferably 40°C.
- the upper limit is usually the melting point of the polyester, preferably 5°C below the melting point of the polyester, more preferably 8°C below the melting point of the polyester, and particularly preferably 10°C below the melting point of the polyester. If the drying temperature is set below the lower limit, a long drying time is required, which is economically disadvantageous. On the other hand, if the drying temperature exceeds the upper limit, it may cause operational difficulties such as fusion of the pellets and poor removal when removing the pellets from the dryer.
- the drying gas that has passed through the dryer contains contact treatment liquid components, and the contact treatment liquid components can be reduced by cooling or adsorption of the drying gas, and reused as drying gas.
- the drying time is usually 0.1 to 100 hours, preferably 1 to 80 hours, and more preferably 5 to 50 hours.
- the flow rate of the drying gas is usually 0.05 to 1.0 m/sec (superficial velocity).
- the upper limit of the contact treatment liquid content in the dried pellets is usually 2000 ppm by mass, preferably 1500 ppm by mass, and more preferably 1000 ppm by mass. If the contact treatment liquid content is too high, the melt viscosity will decrease significantly during melt molding of the pellets, and moldability will tend to be poor. The lower the lower limit, the better, but an industrially reasonable concentration is usually 50 ppm by mass.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the esterification reaction process used in the present invention
- Figure 2 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the polycondensation process used in the present invention.
- the raw materials succinic acid and malic acid are usually mixed with BG in a raw material mixing tank (not shown) and supplied in the form of a slurry or liquid from the raw material supply line (1) to the esterification reaction tank (A). If a catalyst is added during the esterification reaction, it is made into a BG solution in a catalyst preparation tank (not shown) and the catalyst solution is supplied to the catalyst supply line (3).
- Figure 1 shows an embodiment in which the catalyst supply line (3) is connected to the recycle line (2) for recycle 1,4-butanediol, and the two are mixed and then supplied to the liquid phase of the esterification reaction tank (A).
- the gas distilled from the esterification reaction tank (A) passes through the distillation line (5) and is separated into high-boiling and low-boiling components in the fractionator (C).
- the main component of the high-boiling component is 1,4-butanediol
- the main component of the low-boiling component is water and tetrahydrofuran (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as THF), which is a decomposition product of BG.
- the high boiling components separated in the fractionator (C) are extracted through the extraction line (6) and pump (D), some of which is circulated through the recirculation line (2) to the esterification reaction tank (A), and some of which is returned through the circulation line (7) to the fractionator (C).
- the surplus is extracted to the outside through the extraction line (8).
- the light boiling components separated in the fractionator (C) are extracted through the gas extraction line (9), condensed in the condenser (G), and temporarily stored in the tank (F) through the condensate line (10).
- a portion of the light boiling components collected in the tank (F) are returned to the fractionator (C) through the extraction line (11), pump (E), and circulation line (12), and the remainder is extracted to the outside through the extraction line (13).
- the condenser (G) is connected to an exhaust device (not shown) through a vent line (14).
- the esterification reaction product produced in the esterification reaction tank (A) is supplied to the first polycondensation reaction tank (a) shown in FIG. 2 via the withdrawal pump (B) and the esterification reaction product withdrawal line (4).
- the catalyst supply line (3) is connected to the recirculation line (2), but the two may be independent. Also, the raw material supply line (1) may be connected to the liquid phase of the esterification reaction tank (A).
- a catalyst When a catalyst is added to the esterification reaction product before the polycondensation tank, it is prepared to a predetermined concentration in a catalyst preparation tank (not shown), then passed through the catalyst supply line (L7) in Figure 2, connected to the raw material supply line (L8), further diluted with BG, and supplied to the esterification reaction product withdrawal line (4).
- the esterification reaction product supplied to the first polycondensation reaction tank (a) through the esterification reaction product discharge line (4) and the filter (p) is polycondensed under reduced pressure to become a polyester low polymer, which is then supplied to the second polycondensation reaction tank (d) through the discharge gear pump (c), the discharge line (L1), and the filter (q).
- the polycondensation reaction usually proceeds further at a pressure lower than that in the first polycondensation reaction tank (a).
- the resulting polycondensate is supplied to the third polycondensation tank (k) through the discharge gear pump (e), the discharge line (L3) which is the outlet flow path, and the filter (r).
- the third polycondensation reaction tank (k) is a horizontal reaction tank composed of multiple stirring blade blocks and equipped with two-shaft self-cleaning type stirring blades.
- the polycondensation reaction product introduced from the second polycondensation reaction tank (d) to the third polycondensation reaction tank (k) through the withdrawal line (L3) undergoes further polycondensation reaction here and is then transferred to the pelletization process.
- the molten polyester passes through an extraction gear pump (m), the outlet flow path filter (s), and the extraction line (L5) and is extracted from the die head (g) in the form of molten strands into the atmosphere, where it is cooled with water or the like and then cut by a rotary cutter (h) to become polyester pellets. It is also possible to extract the strands into water instead of into the atmosphere and cut them into pellets by a rotary underwater cutter.
- symbols (L2), (L4), and (L6) are the vent lines of the first polycondensation reaction tank (a), the second polycondensation reaction tank (d), and the third polycondensation reaction tank (k), respectively.
- Filters (p), (q), (r), and (s) do not necessarily need to be installed all at once, and can be installed as appropriate, taking into consideration the foreign matter removal effect and operational stability.
- FIG 3 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the contact treatment process and separation process used in the present invention.
- the contact treatment liquid is temperature-controlled from the circulation tank (I) through the heat exchanger (II) by the pump (IX) and supplied to the treatment tank (III) through the contact treatment liquid supply line (101). After countercurrent contact with the pellets in the treatment tank, it is withdrawn through the withdrawal line (102) and passes through the fine powder remover (IV), after which a portion is recovered through the supply line (111) and the separator (XI) to the circulation tank (I), and the remainder is recovered through the withdrawal line (110) to the circulation tank (I).
- cyclic oligomers including cyclic dimers are separated and recovered through the withdrawal line (113) to the circulation tank (I).
- the separated cyclic oligomers including cyclic dimers are withdrawn to the outside through the withdrawal line (112).
- the supply line (108) supplies the contact treatment liquid in an amount equivalent to the amount of the contact treatment liquid withdrawn from the withdrawal line (112) together with the separated cyclic dimer.
- the pellets to be subjected to contact treatment are continuously supplied from a pellet supply line (103) and, after being in contact with the contact treatment liquid for a predetermined time, are continuously withdrawn from a withdrawal line (104) while adjusting the withdrawal amount with a rotary valve (V).
- the contact treatment liquid withdrawn together with the pellets is separated in a preliminary solid-liquid separator (VI) and, after passing through a recovery tank (VII), is returned to the recovery line (106) via a supply line (105) by a pump (X).
- the continuously withdrawn pellets are separated from the entrained contact treatment liquid in the preliminary solid-liquid separator, and then passed through a solid-liquid separator (VIII) and continuously supplied to the drying process.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory diagram of an example of the drying process employed in the present invention.
- the example shown in the figure is equipped with two drying towers (I) and (K).
- the polyester pellets that have completed the contact treatment process are continuously supplied to the first drying tower (I) through the pellet supply line (201).
- Heated dry nitrogen gas is continuously introduced into the first drying tower through the supply line (208) and discharged through the gas recovery line (207).
- the discharged gas is heated in the heat exchanger (N) through the condenser (L) and then circulated to the first drying tower through the supply line (208).
- the contact treatment liquid condensed in the condenser (L) and heat exchanger (M) is discharged through the discharge line (210).
- New dry nitrogen gas is supplied through the new dry gas supply line (209).
- the pellets are continuously sent from the first drying tower to the cooling tower (J) through the rotary valve (O). Dry air is introduced into the cooling tower through the cooling gas supply line (212) and discharged through the cooling gas discharge
- the pellets cooled to a temperature lower than the drying temperature of the first drying tower are supplied to the second drying tower (K) via the pellet discharge line (204), rotary valve (P), and pellet supply line (205).
- Drying gas (usually air) is supplied to the second drying tower via a heat exchanger (S) and a drying gas supply line (214), and is discharged from the discharge line (213).
- the polyester pellets are extracted continuously or intermittently through a rotary valve (Q) and a pellet extraction line (206), and become the finished product after passing through a storage tank, a fine powder remover, a packaging machine, etc.
- the storage tank can also be used as the second drying tower. This diagram does not show the process after the storage tank.
- the lower limit of the cyclic dimer content of the polyester obtained by the present invention is preferably 1 ppm by mass or more, more preferably 100 ppm by mass or more, even more preferably 500 ppm by mass or more, and particularly preferably 1000 ppm by mass or more.
- the upper limit is usually 3500 ppm by mass or less, preferably 3300 ppm by mass or less, even more preferably 3000 ppm by mass or less, particularly preferably 2500 ppm by mass or less, and most preferably 2000 ppm by mass or less. If the cyclic dimer content is less than the lower limit, the quality is good, but it is economically disadvantageous because the time required for oligomer removal is extended, which requires large-scale equipment.
- the cyclic dimer content of the polyester is preferably 2000 ppm by mass or less from the viewpoint of suppressing oligomer elution into food.
- the content of THF produced as a by-product in the manufacturing process of the polyester obtained by the present invention is preferably 20 ppm by mass or less, and more preferably 15 ppm by mass or less.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention can reduce not only the cyclic dimer contained in the polyester, but also THF.
- the polyester of the present invention may be a polyester containing a repeating structural unit derived from a diol including 1,4-butanediol and a repeating structural unit derived from a dicarboxylic acid, and may be, for example, an aliphatic polyester or an aromatic-aliphatic copolymer polyester. Specifically, it may be polybutylene succinate (PBS), polybutylene succinate adipate (PBSA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), polybutylene succinate terephthalate (PBST), or polybutylene succinate adipate terephthalate (PBSAT).
- PBS polybutylene succinate
- PBSA polybutylene succinate adipate
- PBAT polybutylene adipate terephthalate
- PBST polybutylene succinate terephthalate
- PBSAT polybutylene succinate adipate terephthalate
- the polyester of the present invention may be blended with other aliphatic polyesters, aromatic-aliphatic copolymer polyesters, and aliphatic oxycarboxylic acids, etc., within a range that does not impair the effects.
- other biodegradable resins such as polycaprolactone, polyamide, polyvinyl alcohol, cellulose ester, etc., and fine powders of animal/plant substances, such as starch, cellulose, paper, wood flour, chitin/chitosan, coconut shell powder, walnut shell powder, etc., or mixtures of these, may be blended within the range that does not impair the effects of the present invention.
- additives such as heat stabilizers, plasticizers, lubricants, antiblocking agents, nucleating agents, inorganic fillers, colorants, pigments, ultraviolet absorbers, and light stabilizers, modifiers, crosslinking agents, etc. may be added.
- the method for producing the polyester composition of the present invention is not particularly limited, but examples include a method in which the blended polyester raw material chips are melt-mixed in the same extruder, a method in which each is melted in a separate extruder and then mixed, and a method in which the raw material chips are mixed by kneading using a conventional kneading machine such as a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, a Banbury mixer, a roll mixer, a Brabender plastograph, or a kneader blender. It is also possible to directly feed each raw material chip into a molding machine to prepare the composition and simultaneously obtain a molded product.
- a conventional kneading machine such as a single-screw extruder, a twin-screw extruder, a Banbury mixer, a roll mixer, a Brabender plastograph, or a kneader blender. It is also possible to directly feed
- a polyester containing repeating structural units derived from a diol including 1,4-butanediol and repeating structural units derived from a dicarboxylic acid and having a cyclic dimer content of 2000 ppm by mass or less is preferably used as a food contact film after processing such as molding.
- a polyester composition containing a polyester that contains repeating structural units derived from a diol including 1,4-butanediol and repeating structural units derived from a dicarboxylic acid and has a cyclic dimer content of 2000 ppm by mass or less is preferably used as a food contact film after processing such as molding.
- food contact films are films that are used in contact with food, for example to prevent different foods from coming into contact with each other.
- the thickness is not particularly limited, but is usually 0.01 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m
- the shape is also not particularly limited, but examples include rectangular shapes such as squares and rectangles, circles, ellipses, diamonds, and strips.
- ⁇ SP ⁇ / ⁇ 0 -1
- ⁇ is the number of seconds it takes for the sample solution to drop
- ⁇ 0 is the number of seconds it takes for the solvent to drop
- C is the concentration of the sample solution (g/dL)
- K H Huggins' constant. K H was set to 0.33.
- the acid value was determined by heating 0.3 g of the esterification reaction product sample in 40 mL of benzyl alcohol at 180° C. for 20 minutes, cooling for 10 minutes, and then titrating with a 0.1 mol/L potassium hydroxide/methanol solution.
- the saponification value was determined by hydrolyzing the oligomer with a 0.5 mol/L potassium hydroxide/ethanol solution, followed by titrating with 0.5 mol/L hydrochloric acid.
- Esterification rate (%) (saponification value ⁇ acid value)/saponification value ⁇ 100 (2)
- the cyclic oligomer components were quantified using "CAPCELL PAK C-18 TYPE MGII” manufactured by Osaka Soda Co., Ltd., and expressed as mass ppm relative to the pellets.
- a UV detector was used as the detector, and detection wavelengths of 210 nm and 254 nm were used.
- the pure cyclic dimer was obtained as follows. That is, the polymer pellets obtained by polymerizing the carboxylic acid component and the diol component were stirred in acetone at 50°C for 12 hours to contact the oligomer components. After the contact treatment was completed, the pellets were filtered off, and the acetone was evaporated from the acetone solution in which the oligomer components had been contacted to obtain a solid. This solid was dissolved in acetone at 50°C to become a saturated solution, then cooled slowly, the supernatant was discarded, and the needle-shaped precipitate was taken out and purified by repeating this recrystallization operation several times.
- This needle-shaped precipitate was confirmed to be a cyclic dimer by 1H-NMR analysis and high-performance liquid chromatography analysis.
- the oligomer components other than the cyclic dimer were identified by LC-MS analysis, and then quantitative calculations were performed using the relative area value of each oligomer component to the cyclic dimer area value in high-performance liquid chromatography and a factor.
- Amount of terminal carboxyl groups (equivalents/ton) (a ⁇ b) ⁇ 0.1 ⁇ f/W (3)
- a is the amount ( ⁇ L) of 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution in benzyl alcohol required for titration
- b is the amount ( ⁇ L) of 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution in benzyl alcohol required for titration of a blank
- W is the amount (g) of the polyester sample
- f is the titer of the 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide solution in benzyl alcohol.
- the potency (f) of 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide in benzyl alcohol was determined by the following method. 5 cm3 of methanol was collected in a test tube, 1-2 drops of phenol red in ethanol solution were added as an indicator, and titrated to the color change point with 0.4 cm3 of 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide in benzyl alcohol. Next, 0.2 cm3 of 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution with a known potency was collected and added as a standard solution, and titrated again to the color change point with 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide in benzyl alcohol (the above operations were performed under blowing in dry nitrogen gas). The potency (f) was calculated by the following formula (4).
- Titer (f) Titer of 0.1 mol/L hydrochloric acid solution ⁇ Amount of 0.1 N hydrochloric acid solution collected ( ⁇ L) / Titer amount of 0.1 mol/L sodium hydroxide benzyl alcohol solution ( ⁇ L) ... (4)
- Example 1 [Preparation of polycondensation catalyst] In a glass eggplant flask equipped with a stirrer, 100 parts by mass of magnesium acetate tetrahydrate was placed, and 1,500 parts by mass of anhydrous ethanol (purity 99% by mass or more) was added. 65.3 parts by mass of ethyl acid phosphate (mixture mass ratio of monoester and diester is 45:55) was added, and stirring was performed at 23°C. After 15 minutes, it was confirmed that magnesium acetate was completely dissolved, and 122 parts by mass of tetra-n-butyl titanate was added. Stirring was continued for another 10 minutes to obtain a homogeneous mixed solution.
- anhydrous ethanol purity 99% by mass or more
- This mixed solution was transferred to an eggplant flask and concentrated under reduced pressure by an evaporator in an oil bath at 60°C. After 1 hour, most of the ethanol was distilled off, and a translucent viscous liquid was obtained. The temperature of the oil bath was further increased to 80°C, and further concentration was performed under reduced pressure of 5 Torr to obtain a viscous liquid.
- This liquid catalyst was dissolved in 1,4-butanediol, and the titanium atom content was adjusted to 3.36% by mass. The storage stability of this catalyst solution in 1,4-butanediol was good, and no precipitate was observed for at least 40 days when the catalyst solution was stored at 40° C. under a nitrogen atmosphere. The pH of this catalyst solution was 6.3.
- a polyester was produced as follows by the esterification step shown in Fig. 1 and the polycondensation step shown in Fig. 2. First, a slurry at 50°C, in which 1.30 mol of 1,4-butanediol and 0.0033 mol of malic acid were mixed with respect to 1.00 mol of succinic acid, was continuously fed at a rate of 45.5 kg/hr from a slurry preparation tank (not shown) through a raw material feed line (1) to an esterification reaction tank (A) equipped with a stirrer previously filled with a low molecular weight polyester (esterification reaction product) having an esterification rate of 99% by mass under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- A esterification reaction tank equipped with a stirrer previously filled with a low molecular weight polyester (esterification reaction product) having an esterification rate of 99% by mass under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- the esterification reaction tank (A) had an internal temperature of 230°C and a pressure of 101 kPa, and the produced water, tetrahydrofuran, and excess 1,4-butanediol were distilled out through the distillation line (5) and separated into high-boiling and low-boiling components in the distillation tower (C). After the system had stabilized, a portion of the high-boiling components at the bottom of the tower were withdrawn to the outside through the withdrawal line (8) so that the liquid level in the distillation tower (C) would be constant.
- the low-boiling components mainly water and tetrahydrofuran, were withdrawn in gas form from the top of the tower, condensed in the condenser (G), and withdrawn to the outside through the withdrawal line (13) so that the liquid level in the tank (F) would be constant.
- the entire amount of the bottom component (98% by mass or more is 1,4-butanediol) of the 100°C rectification column (C) was fed from the recirculation line (2), and an equal mole of 1,4-butanediol to the tetrahydrofuran generated in the esterification reaction tank was fed from the raw material feed line (1) together, so that the molar ratio of 1,4-butanediol to succinic acid in the esterification reaction tank was adjusted to 1.30.
- the total feed amount from the recirculation line (2) and the raw material feed line (1) was 3.8 kg/hour.
- the amount of 1,4-butanediol converted to tetrahydrofuran was 0.042 moles per 1.00 mole of succinic acid (THF conversion rate 4.2 moles per mole of succinic acid).
- the esterification reaction product produced in the esterification reaction tank (A) was continuously withdrawn from the esterification reaction product withdrawal line (4) using a pump (B), and the liquid level was controlled so that the average residence time of the liquid in the esterification reaction tank (A) was 3 hours in terms of succinic acid units.
- the esterification reaction product withdrawn from the withdrawal line (4) was continuously supplied to the first polycondensation reaction tank (a) in Figure 2. After the system was stabilized, the esterification rate of the esterification reaction product collected at the outlet of the esterification reaction tank (A) was 92.4%, and the amount of terminal carboxyl groups was 884 equivalents/ton.
- the catalyst solution previously prepared by the method described above was diluted with 1,4-butanediol in a catalyst preparation tank so that the titanium atom concentration was 0.12 mass%, and the catalyst solution was then continuously supplied to the esterification reaction product withdrawal line (4) at 1.4 kg/h through a supply line (L8) (the catalyst was added to the liquid phase of the reaction liquid).
- the supply amount was stable throughout the operation period.
- the internal temperature of the first polycondensation reaction tank (a) was set to 240°C, the pressure to 2.7 kPa, and the liquid level was controlled so that the residence time was 120 minutes.
- An initial polycondensation reaction was carried out while extracting water, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-butanediol from a vent line (L2) connected to a pressure reducer (not shown).
- the extracted reaction liquid was continuously supplied to the second polycondensation reactor (d).
- the internal temperature of the second polycondensation reactor (d) was set to 240°C, the pressure to 400 Pa, and the liquid level was controlled so that the residence time was 120 minutes.
- the polycondensation reaction was further carried out while extracting water, tetrahydrofuran, and 1,4-butanediol from a vent line (L4) connected to a pressure reducer (not shown).
- the obtained polyester was continuously supplied to the third polycondensation reactor (k) via the extraction line (L3) by the extraction gear pump (e).
- the internal temperature of the third polycondensation reactor (k) was 240°C, the pressure was 130 Pa, and the residence time was 120 minutes, and the polycondensation reaction was further carried out.
- the obtained polyester was continuously extracted in the form of a strand from the die head (g), cooled with water, and cut into pellets with a rotary cutter (h).
- the esterification reaction and polycondensation reaction were carried out for 7 consecutive days, and samples were taken every 8 hours after 16 hours had passed since the start of the reaction, and the physical properties of the obtained polyester were measured. The average value and the amplitude of fluctuation of each sample are shown.
- the intrinsic viscosity was 1.80 ⁇ 0.05 dL/g, and the polyester pellets had a stable quality with a pellet weight of 15 ⁇ 1 mg/particle.
- the cyclic dimer content of the polyester pellet sample at this point is shown in Table 1 as the pellet properties before the contact treatment.
- the obtained polyester pellets were subjected to contact treatment by the contact treatment step shown in Fig. 3.
- a mixed liquid of ethanol and water used as a contact treatment liquid was controlled to 70°C from a circulation tank (I) via a heat exchanger (II) by a pump (IX) and supplied to a treatment tank (III) via a supply line (101).
- the ratio of ethanol (hereinafter sometimes abbreviated as EtOH) to water in the contact treatment liquid was 60 mass% of water relative to the entire contact treatment liquid.
- the mass ratio of the contact treatment liquid to the pellets in the treatment tank was 5 (treatment liquid/pellets ratio).
- the contact treatment liquid was brought into countercurrent contact with the pellets in the treatment tank and then extracted from the extraction line (102). Part of the extracted treatment liquid was fed to the separator (XI) via the fine powder remover (IV), while the remainder was recovered in the circulation tank (I).
- the pellets to be subjected to the contact treatment were continuously fed from the supply line (103) and, after being brought into contact with the contact treatment liquid for 4 hours, were continuously extracted from the extraction line (104) via the rotary valve (V).
- the contact treatment liquid extracted together with the pellets was separated in the preliminary solid-liquid separator (VI), passed through the recovery tank (VII), and then returned to the recovery line (106) via the supply line (105) by the pump (X).
- the contact treatment liquid supplied to the separator (XI) was separated from the cyclic dimer in the separator (XI) so that the cyclic dimer content in the circulation tank (I) was 1000 ppm by mass, and the cyclic dimer was withdrawn to the outside through the withdrawal line (112). At this time, the separation rate was 52%.
- a distillation column was used for the separator (XI) to separate the cyclic dimer. Ethanol and water were supplied to the circulation tank (I) from the supply line (108) in an amount equivalent to the contact treatment liquid withdrawn from the withdrawal line (112) together with the cyclic dimer.
- the continuously withdrawn pellets were separated from the contact treatment liquid entrained in the preliminary solid-liquid separator (IV), and then continuously supplied to the drying process from the solid-liquid separator (VIII) via the withdrawal line (109).
- Drying was performed according to the drying process shown in Fig. 4.
- the dry nitrogen gas in the first drying tower had a purity of 99% or more (dew point -40°C), a gas temperature of 80°C, a gas (superficial) velocity of 0.125 m/sec, and a pellet residence time of 15 hours, while the dry air in the second drying tower (dew point -40°C) had a temperature of 80°C, a gas (superficial) velocity of 0.125 m/sec, and a pellet residence time of 24 hours.
- Example 2 Example 2 to (Example 5), (Comparative Example 1), (Comparative Example 2)
- the contact treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of cyclic dimer in the circulation tank (I) and the composition of the contact treatment liquid were changed as shown in Table 1, and the results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 Example 6
- Example 7 Comparative Example 3
- the contact treatment was carried out in the same manner as in Example 1, Example 3, and Comparative Example 1, except that the ethanol used in the contact treatment solution was changed to isopropanol as shown in Table 2. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 8 Polyester was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the raw material slurry was prepared by adjusting the proportion of malic acid to 0.0023 mol in Example 1, and polyester pellets were obtained.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the obtained polyester was 1.50 ⁇ 0.05 dL/g, and the polyester pellets were stable in quality.
- the obtained pellets were subjected to contact treatment in the same manner as in Example 1, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 9 Polyester pellets were obtained by producing polyester in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the slurry was prepared by mixing succinic acid and adipic acid at 74 mol % and 26 mol %, respectively, and further mixing malic acid at 0.0033 times the molar ratio of both acids, and 1,4-butanediol at 1.3 times the molar ratio of both acids.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the obtained polyester was 1.85 ⁇ 0.05 dL/g, and the polyester pellets were of stable quality.
- the obtained pellets were subjected to a contact treatment in the same manner as in Example 2, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 10 Polyester pellets were obtained by producing polyester in the same manner as in Example 1, except that adipic acid and terephthalic acid were used at 53 mol % and 47 mol %, respectively, and trimethylolpropane and 1,4-butanediol were mixed at 0.0035 times the molar ratio relative to both acids to prepare a slurry.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the obtained polyester was 1.50 ⁇ 0.05 dL/g, and the polyester pellets were of stable quality.
- the obtained pellets were subjected to a contact treatment in the same manner as in Example 2, and the results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 4 The pellets obtained in Example 4 were pressed at 180° C. using a manual hydraulic heating press "IMC-180C” manufactured by Imoto Machinery Co., Ltd. to prepare a film having a thickness of 50 ⁇ m.
- Examples 1 to 10 which were subjected to contact treatment with a contact treatment solution containing or not containing a specified amount of cyclic dimer, were able to efficiently reduce the cyclic dimer content and suppress quality degradation such as a decrease in IV.
- the manufacturing method of the present invention can reduce the amount of cyclic oligomers in the polyester by controlling the amount of cyclic dimers in the contact treatment solution, making it possible to obtain products without reducing productivity during molding.
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Abstract
Description
更に、接触処理後に抜き出した接触処理液は、蒸留で回収しリサイクル使用できることや、抜き出した接触処理液の一部を廃棄し、廃棄した量だけ新たに接触処理液を追加できることも開示されている。
本発明は、上記課題を解決するものであり、ポリエステル中の環状オリゴマー量を低減することで品質低下を抑制することができるポリエステルの製造方法を提供することを目的とする。
すなわち、本発明は以下の[1]~[15]に関する。
[1]1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分とジカルボン酸成分とを反応させるエステル化反応工程と、前記エステル化反応工程を経て得られるポリエステルをペレット化するペレット化工程と、前記ペレット化工程で得られるポリエステルペレットと、接触処理液とを接触させる接触処理工程と、
を有するポリエステルの製造方法であって、
前記接触処理工程において、ポリエステルペレットと接触する際の接触処理液中の環状二量体の濃度が3500質量ppm以下である、ポリエステルの製造方法。
[2]前記ポリエステルペレットと前記接触処理液とを接触させる際の前記接触処理液の温度が、25℃以上且つ前記ポリエステルの融点以下である、[1]に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[3]前記接触処理工程の後に、前記接触処理液中の環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離する分離工程を更に有する、[1]又は[2]に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[4]前記分離工程において、前記環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離した前記接触処理液を、前記接触処理工程の接触処理液として用いる、[3]に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[5]前記分離工程にて分離した前記環状二量体を前記エステル化反応工程に供給する、[3]又は[4]に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[6]前記接触処理工程において、前記ポリエステルペレットと前記接触処理液とを接触させる際の前記接触処理液が、接触処理液全体に対して水を10質量%以上99質量%以下含有する、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[7]前記接触処理工程において、前記ポリエステルペレットと前記接触処理液とを接触させる際の前記接触処理液が、アルコール類と水の混合物である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[8]前記接触処理工程において、ポリエステルペレットと接触する際の前記接触処理液中の環状二量体の濃度が100質量ppm以上である、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[9]1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分とジカルボン酸成分とを反応させるエステル化反応工程と、前記エステル化反応工程を経て得られるポリエステルをペレット化するペレット化工程と、前記ペレット化工程で得られるポリエステルペレットと、アルコール類と水の混合物である接触処理液とを接触させる接触処理工程と、前記接触処理工程の後に、前記接触処理液中の環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離する分離工程と、を含み、
前記分離工程において前記環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離した前記接触処理液を、前記接触処理工程の接触処理液として用いる、ポリエステルの製造方法。
[10]前記分離工程において分離した前記環状二量体を前記エステル化反応工程に供給する、[9]に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[11]得られるポリエステルに含まれる環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下である、[9]又は[10]に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[12]前記分離工程は、分離機により環状二量体を分離する分離工程である、[9]~[11]のいずれかに記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
[13]ポリエステルペレットとアルコール類と水の混合物からなる接触処理液とを接触させる接触処理工程、前記接触処理工程で得られた接触処理液から環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離する分離工程、及び前記分離工程で環状二量体を分離して得られた接触処理液とポリエステルペレットとを接触させポリエステルを得るポリエステル製造工程、を含み、前記製造工程で得られたポリエステルは、環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下である、ポリエステルの製造方法。
[14]1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオールに由来する繰返し構成単位と、ジカルボン酸に由来する繰返し構成単位とを含み、かつ環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下であるポリエステルの、食品接触フィルムを製造するための使用。
[15]1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオールに由来する繰返し構成単位と、ジカルボン酸に由来する繰返し構成単位とを含み、かつ環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下であるポリエステルを含むポリエステル組成物からなる食品接触フィルム。
本発明において環状二量体は、例えば以下の一般式(A)で表すことができる。
式(A)中、R1、R2、R3およびR4は、それぞれ独立して、炭素数が1~40の脂肪族炭化水素基又は6~40の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。脂肪族炭化水素基の場合は、鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよく、環状脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよく、鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基と環状脂肪族炭化水素基とが結合したものであってもよい。鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基の場合は、直鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよく、分岐鎖状脂肪族炭化水素基であってもよい。環状脂肪族炭化水素基の場合は、単環でもよいし、複数の環が互いに結合、又は縮合したものでもよい。
本発明に用いるジオール成分としては、前記の通り少なくとも1,4-ブタンジオールを含む限り、通常ポリエステルの原料に用いられるものを特に制限無く使用することができる。ジオール成分は、脂肪族ジオール成分を用いてもよく、芳香族ジオール成分を用いてもよい。
本発明に用いるジカルボン酸成分としては、通常ポリエステルの原料に用いられるものを特に制限無く使用することができる。ジカルボン酸成分は、脂肪族ジカルボン酸成分を用いてもよく、芳香族ジカルボン酸成分を用いてもよい。
本発明のポリエステルの製造方法では、少なくとも1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分、及びジカルボン酸成分以外のその他の構成成分を共重合させても構わない。この場合に使用することのできる共重合成分としては、乳酸、グリコール酸、ヒドロキシ酪酸、ヒドロキシカプロン酸、2-ヒドロキシ3,3-ジメチル酪酸、2-ヒドロキシ-3-メチル酪酸、2-ヒドロキシイソカプロン酸、リンゴ酸、マレイン酸、クエン酸、フマル酸等のオキシカルボン酸、及びこれらオキシカルボン酸のエステルやラクトン、オキシカルボン酸重合体等、あるいはグリセリン、トリメチロールプロパン、ペンタエリスリトール等の3官能以上の多価アルコール、あるいは、プロパントリカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、トリメリット酸ベンゾフェノンテトラカルボン酸及びこれらの無水物などの3官能以上の多価カルボン酸又はその無水物等が挙げられる。
本発明において、接触処理液と接触処理させるポリエステルペレットの固有粘度(IV、dL/g)、及び接触処理液と接触処理させた後のポリエステルペレットの固有粘度は、下限が1.4dL/gであることが好ましく、特に好ましくは、1.6dL/gである。上限は2.8dL/gが好ましく、更に好ましくは2.5であり特に好ましくは2.3dL/gである。固有粘度が下限未満であると、成形品にしたとき十分な機械強度が得にくい。固有粘度が上限超過であると、成形時に溶融粘度が高く成形しにくい。
以下に連続製造法を例にして、本発明の接触工程に用いるポリエステルペレットの製造方法について述べる。
本発明の接触工程に用いるポリエステルペレットの製造方法において、連続製造法では、1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分とジカルボン酸成分とを、連続する複数の反応槽を用いて、エステル化反応工程、溶融重縮合反応工程を経て連続的にポリエステルのペレットを得るものである。しかし、本発明の効果を妨げない限り、連続法に限定されるものではなく、従来公知のポリエステルペレットの製造方法を採用することができる。ポリエステルペレットは、接触処理液と接触処理され、その後乾燥される。
本発明の接触処理工程に用いるポリエステルペレットの製造方法では、用いるポリエステルペレットを、少なくとも1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分とジカルボン酸成分とを反応させるエステル化反応工程を経て製造する。エステル化反応工程とそれに続くその他の工程は、連続する複数の反応槽で行うことも単一の反応槽でも行うこともできるが、得られるポリエステルペレットの物性の変動を小さくするために、連続する複数の反応槽で行うことが好ましい。
エステル化率(%)=(ケン化価-酸価)/ケン化価×100
本発明の接触処理工程に用いるポリエステルの製造では、エステル化反応工程に続き重縮合反応工程で重縮合反応を行うことが好ましい。重縮合反応は、連続する複数の反応槽を用い減圧下で行うことができる。
エステル化反応及び重縮合反応は反応触媒を使用することにより、反応が促進される。エステル化反応においてはエステル化反応触媒が無くても十分な反応速度を得ることができる。またエステル化反応時にエステル化反応触媒が存在するとエステル化反応によって生じる水により触媒が反応物に不溶の析出物を生じ、得られるポリエステルの透明性を損なう(即ちヘーズが高くなる)ことがあり、また異物化することがあるので、反応触媒はエステル化反応中には添加使用しないことが好ましい。また、触媒を反応槽の気相部に添加するとヘーズが高くなることがあり、また触媒が異物化することがあるので反応液中に添加することが好ましい。
のない高重合度のポリエステルが容易に得られる理由から好ましい。
本発明に用いるエステル化反応槽としては、公知のものが使用でき、縦型攪拌完全混合槽、縦型熱対流式混合槽、塔型連続反応槽等の型式のいずれであってもよく、また、単数槽としても、同種又は異種の槽を直列させた複数槽としてもよい。中でも攪拌装置を有する反応槽が好ましく、攪拌装置としては、動力部及び軸受、軸、攪拌翼からなる通常のタイプの他、タービンステーター型高速回転式攪拌機、ディスクミル型攪拌機、ローターミル型攪拌機等の高速回転するタイプも用いることができる。
エステル化反応工程を経て得られたポリエステルはペレット化され、ペレットの状態で接触処理液により接触処理を行う。
本発明においては、ペレット化工程で得られたペレットを接触処理液に接触させる処理(本明細書において、接触処理と言うことがある。)をし、ペレット中に含有されるCDを接触処理液に抽出することによりペレット中のCD含有量を低減する。
ポリエステルペレットと接触させる接触処理液が水を含む場合、接触処理液全体に対する水の割合は、通常10質量%以上であることが好ましく、より好ましくは20質量%以上、更に好ましくは25質量%以上である。また、通常99質量%以下であり、好ましくは95質量%以下、更に好ましくは90質量%以下、特に好ましくは85質量%以下である。
ポリエステルペレットと接触処理液とを接触させる際の接触処理液の温度は、下限が好ましくは25℃であり、より好ましくは30℃、更に好ましくは35℃、特に好ましくは40℃である。上限は通常ポリエステルの融点であり、好ましくは95℃、更に好ましくは90℃、特に好ましくは85℃である。接触させる温度を下限未満にすると、処理時間に長時間を必要とし、経済的に不利となるばかりでなく、オリゴマー除去効果の低下により、望ましい品質のポリエステルが得られない場合がある。一方、接触させる温度が上限を超えると、加水分解、アルコール分解により粘度低下が大きくなり、品質を損なうばかりでなく、ペレット間の融着やペレット抜き出し不良を引き起こすなど運転面にも困難を伴う。
ポリエステルペレットと接触処理液を接触させる時間は、下限が通常0.1時間、好ましくは1時間、更に好ましくは3時間である。上限は通常24時間であり、好ましくは18時間、更に好ましくは10時間である。接触させる時間が下限未満であると、オリゴマー除去が十分でなく、望ましい品質のポリエステルが得られない場合がある。一方、接触させる時間が上限を超えると、加水分解、アルコール分解により粘度低下が大きくなり、品質を損なう場合がある。
接触させるポリエステルペレットと接触処理液との比(処理液/ペレット比)は、質量比にして下限が通常1.0以上、好ましくは1.5以上、更に好ましくは2.0以上である。上限は通常50以下であり、好ましくは30以下、更に好ましくは20以下である。接触させるペレットと液の質量比が下限未満であると、処理中の接触処理液中のCD濃度増加によりCD除去効果が低下し、望ましい品質のポリエステルが得られない場合がある。一方、接触させるペレットと液の質量比が上限を超えると、使用する接触処理液量が多いことによる設備の大型化、接触処理液のコスト増加などプロセス面、コスト面で不利である。
ポリエステルペレットと接触処理液とを接触させる態様としては、回分式と連続式があり、いずれの態様も採用することができる。
本発明における回分式の態様としては、処理槽にペレットと接触処理液を入れて所定温度で、所定時間接触処理させた後、抜き出す方法が挙げられる。ペレットと接触処理液との接触処理は、接触処理液の循環下で行うこともできるし、非循環下で行うこともできる。
本発明における連続式の態様としては、配管、又は処理槽にペレットを連続的に供給しつつ、所定温度の接触処理液をペレットの流れに対して並流、又は向流で接触させ所定の接触時間を保持しつつ連続的にペレットを抜き出す方法などがある。
接触処理後の接触処理液には環状二量体が含まれるため、必要に応じて、分離工程において環状二量体を分離し、上記接触処理工程でポリエステルペレットと接触させる接触処理液全体に対する環状二量体の濃度に制御することができる。接触処理液を循環再利用する場合には、接触処理工程でポリエステルペレットと接触させる接触処理液全体に対する環状二量体の濃度を所望の範囲に制御し、得られるポリエステルペレットに含有される環状二量体量を低減しやすくなることから、分離工程において環状二量体を分離することが好ましい。
分離工程で用いる分離機は、接触処理液から環状二量体を分離できるものであれば特に限定されず、具体的には、蒸留塔、晶析機、薄膜蒸発器、遠心分離機などがある。
環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離して接触処理液中の環状二量体含有量を調整した後、前記接触処理工程における接触処理液として循環再利用できる。接触処理槽(III)でポリエステルペレットと接触させた後、回収ライン(106)で回収された接触処理液のうち供給ライン(111)によって分離機(XI)に供給された接触処理液の割合である分離率は、接触処理液のリサイクルと得られるポリエステルペレットの品質を両立する観点から20質量%以上、25質量%以上、30質量%以上、35質量%以上、40質量%以上、45質量%以上、50質量%以上、55質量%以上であってよく、90質量%以上であってよい。分離率の上限は100質量%である。分離率が下限未満であると、接触処理液中に環状二量体が蓄積し、望ましい品質のポリエステルが得られない場合がある。更に、分離された環状二量体は、エステル化反応工程や重縮合反応工程に供給されて、ポリエステルの原料として使用することができる。エステル化反応工程のエステル化反応槽や、ジカルボン酸成分とジオール成分とのスラリー槽に、分離された環状二量体を戻すのは好ましい方法である。
接触処理されたポリエステルペレットは接触処理液を含んでいるので、これらを除くために乾燥工程において乾燥することが好ましい。
乾燥工程で用いる乾燥機には、乾燥ガスとして加熱空気あるいは加熱窒素等の不活性ガスを流通させる、棚段式の乾燥機、バンド乾燥機、横型円筒回転乾燥機、回転翼付き横型乾燥機、回転翼付き縦型乾燥機(いわゆるホッパードライヤー型乾燥機)、移動床式縦型乾燥機、流動床式乾燥機などがある。また、上記のガス流通方式と異なる乾燥機としてはダブルコーン型回転真空乾燥機、タンブラー型回転真空乾燥機、マイクロ波乾燥機などがある。
以下に例として、ジカルボン酸成分としてコハク酸、ジオール成分として1,4-ブタンジオール(以下、BGと略記することがある)、多官能化合物としてリンゴ酸を原料とするポリエステルの製造方法の好ましい実施態様を説明するが、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
接触処理工程を終えたポリエステルペレットはペレット供給ライン(201)を経て第一乾燥塔(I)に連続的に供給される。第一乾燥塔には加熱乾燥窒素ガスを供給ライン(208)から連続的に導入し、ガス回収ライン(207)より排出する。排出されたガスはコンデンサー(L)を経て熱交換器(N)で加熱され供給ライン(208)を経て第一乾燥塔へ循環使用される。コンデンサー(L)、熱交換器(M)で凝縮された接触処理液は抜出しライン(210)から抜出す。新乾燥ガス供給ライン(209)からは新たな乾燥窒素ガスを供給する。ペレットは第一乾燥塔からロータリーバルブ(O)を経て冷却塔(J)へ連続的に送られる。冷却塔へは冷却ガス供給ライン(212)から乾燥空気が導入され冷却ガス抜出ライン(211)から放出される。
本発明のポリエステルは1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオールに由来する繰返し構成単位と、ジカルボン酸に由来する繰返し構成単位とを含むポリエステルであってよく、例えば、脂肪族ポリエステルや芳香族-脂肪族共重合ポリエステルであってもよい。具体的には、ポリブチレンサクシネート(PBS)、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペート(PBSA)、ポリブチレンアジペートテレフタレート(PBAT)、ポリブチレンサクシネートテレフタレート(PBST)、ポリブチレンサクシネートアジペートテレフタレート(PBSAT)であってよい。本発明のポリエステルに、効果を損なわない範囲で、その他の脂肪族ポリエステル、芳香族-脂肪族共重合ポリエステル、および脂肪族オキシカルボン酸等を配合させてもよい。更に必要に応じて用いられるカルボジイミド化合物、充填材、可塑剤以外に、本発明の効果を阻害しない範囲で他の生分解性樹脂、例えば、ポリカプロラクトン、ポリアミド、ポリビニルアルコール、セルロースエステル等や、澱粉、セルロース、紙、木粉、キチン・キトサン質、椰子殻粉末、クルミ殻粉末等の動物/植物物質微粉末、あるいはこれらの混合物を配合することができる。更に、成形体の物性や加工性を調整する目的で、熱安定剤、可塑剤、滑剤、ブロッキング防止剤、核剤、無機フィラー、着色剤、顔料、紫外線吸収剤、光安定剤等の添加剤、改質剤、架橋剤等を含有させてもよい。
1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオールに由来する繰返し構成単位と、ジカルボン酸に由来する繰返し構成単位とを含み、かつ環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下であるポリエステルを含むポリエステル組成物も同様に、成形等の加工を経て、食品接触フィルムとして使用されることが好ましい。
特に食品接触フィルムとは、例えば異なる食品同士が接触することを避けるため、食品と接触して使用されるフィルムである。
食品接触フィルムとする場合、膜厚は特に限定されないが通常0.01μm以上1000μm以下である。また形状も特に限定されないが、例えば正方形、長方形などの矩形形状や円状、楕円状、菱形、短冊形などが挙げられる。
ウベローデ型粘度計を使用し次の要領でポリエステルの固有粘度を求めた。すなわち、ポリエステルペレットをフェノール/テトラクロロエタン(質量比1/1)の混合溶媒に溶解させて濃度0.5g/dLのポリマー溶液を調製し、30℃において、ポリマー溶液及び溶媒のみの落下秒数を測定し、以下の式(1)より求めた。
IV=((1+4KHηsp)0.5-1)/(2KHC)・・・(1)
ただし、式(1)において、ηSP=η/η0-1であり、ηは試料溶液落下秒数、η0は溶媒の落下秒数、Cは試料溶液濃度(g/dL)、KHはハギンズの定数である。KHは0.33を採用した。
以下の計算式(2)によって、試料酸価及びケン化価から算出した。酸価はエステル化反応物試料0.3gをベンジルアルコール40mLに180℃で20分間加熱させ、10分間冷却した後、0.1mol/Lの水酸化カリウム/メタノール溶液により滴定して求めた。ケン化価は0.5mol/Lの水酸化カリウム/エタノール溶液でオリゴマーを加水分解し、0.5mol/Lの塩酸で滴定し求めた。
エステル化率(%)=(ケン化価-酸価)/ケン化価×100・・・(2)
ポリエステルペレット0.5gを精秤量し、クロロホルム10mLを加え、室温で溶解後、エタノール/水混合液(容量比4/1)30mLを攪拌下ゆっくりと滴下し、ポリマー成分を沈殿させた。15分後、攪拌を止め、90分間静置分離を行った。次いで、上澄み液を2mL採取し、蒸発乾固させた後、アセトニトリルを2mL加え溶解させた。口径0.45μmのフィルターで濾過した後、島津製作所製高速液体クロマトグラフィー「Prominence」を用い、移動相をアセトニトリル/水(容量比=4/6)でスタートし、高圧グラジエント法でアセトニトリル/水(容量比=9/1)まで連続的に組成を変更させて溶出させた。大阪ソーダ社製「CAPCELL PAK C-18 TYPE MGII」を用いて環状オリゴマー成分を定量しペレットに対する質量ppmで表した。検出器はUV検出器を用い、検出波長は210nmおよび254nmを使用した。
ポリエステルペレットを粉砕した後、熱風乾燥機にて140℃で15分間乾燥し、デシケーター内で室温まで冷却したポリエステル試料から、0.1gを精秤して試験管に採取し、ベンジルアルコール3mLを加えて、乾燥窒素ガスを吹き込みながら195℃、3分間で溶解させた。次いで、クロロホルム5cm3を徐々に加えて室温まで冷却した。この溶液にフェノールレッド指示薬を1~2滴加え、乾燥窒素ガスを吹き込みながら撹拌下で、0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液で滴定し、黄色から赤色に変じた時点で終了とした。また、ブランクとして、ポリエステル試料を加えずに同様の操作を実施し、以下の式(3)によって末端カルボキシル基量(酸価)を算出した。
末端カルボキシル基量(当量/トン)=(a-b)×0.1×f/W・・・(3)
ここで、aは、滴定に要した0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液の量(μL)、bは、ブランクでの滴定に要した0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液の量(μL)、Wはポリエステル試料の量(g)、fは、0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液の力価である。
力価(f)=0.1mol/Lの塩酸水溶液の力価×0.1Nの塩酸水溶液の採取量(μL)/0.1mol/Lの水酸化ナトリウムのベンジルアルコール溶液の滴定量(μL)・・・(4)
[重縮合用触媒の調製]
撹拌装置付きのガラス製ナス型フラスコに、酢酸マグネシウム・4水和物を100質量部入れ、更に1500質量部の無水エタノール(純度99質量%以上)を加えた。更にエチルアシッドホスフェート(モノエステル体とジエステル体の混合質量比は45:55)を65.3質量部加え、23℃で撹拌を行った。15分後に酢酸マグネシウムが完全に溶解したことを確認後、テトラ-n-ブチルチタネートを122質量部添加した。更に10分間撹拌を継続し、均一混合溶液を得た。この混合溶液を、ナス型フラスコに移し、60℃のオイルバス中でエバポレーターによって減圧下で濃縮を行った。1時間後に殆どのエタノールが留去され、半透明の粘稠な液体を得た。オイルバスの温度を更に80℃まで上昇させ、5Torrの減圧下で更に濃縮を行い粘稠な液体を得た。この液体状の触媒を、1,4-ブタンジオールに溶解させ、チタン原子含有量が3.36質量%となるよう調製した。この触媒溶液の1,4-ブタンジオール中における保存安定性は良好であり、窒素雰囲気下40℃で保存した触媒溶液は少なくとも40日間析出物の生成が認められなかった。また、この触媒溶液のpHは6.3であった。
図1に示すエステル化工程と図2に示す重縮合工程により、以下のようにしてポリエステルを製造した。先ず、コハク酸1.00モルに対して、1,4-ブタンジオールを1.30モル及びリンゴ酸を0.0033モルの割合となるように混合した50℃のスラリーを、スラリー調製槽(図示せず)から原料供給ライン(1)を通じ、予め、窒素雰囲気下エステル化率99質量%のポリエステル低分子量体(エステル化反応物)を充填した攪拌機を有するエステル化反応槽(A)に、45.5kg/時間となるように連続的に供給した。
得られたポリエステルペレットを、図3に示す接触処理工程により、接触処理を行った。接触処理液として用いるエタノールと水との混合液は、循環タンク(I)からポンプ(IX)により熱交換器(II)を経由して70℃に制御され、供給ライン(101)より処理槽(III)へ供給した。接触処理液のエタノール(以下、EtOHと略記することがある)と水の割合は、接触処理液全体に対して水を60質量%とした。処理槽内における接触処理液とペレットの質量比は5とした(処理液/ペレット比)。
乾燥は図4に示す乾燥工程により行った。第一乾燥塔の乾燥窒素ガスは純度99%以上(露点マイナス40℃)、ガス温度80℃、ガス(空塔)速度0.125m/秒、ペレット滞留時間15時間、第二乾燥塔の乾燥空気(露点マイナス40℃)温度80℃、ガス(空塔速度)0.125m/秒、ペレット滞留時間24時間で行った。
実施例1において、循環タンク(I)内の環状二量体量と接触処理液の組成をそれぞれ表1に示すように変えた以外は、実施例1と同様にして接触処理を行った結果を表1に示した。
それぞれ実施例1,実施例3、比較例1において、接触処理液に用いたエタノールを表2に示すように、イソプロパノールに変えた以外は、それぞれ実施例1,実施例3、比較例1と同様にして接触処理を行った結果を表2に示した。
実施例1において、リンゴ酸を0.0023モルの割合となるようにして原料スラリーを調製した以外は実施例1と同様にポリエステルの製造を行い、ポリエステルペレットを得た。得られたポリエステルの固有粘度は1.50±0.05dL/gであり、品質の安定したポリエステルペレットであった。得られたペレットを実施例1と同様にして接触処理を行った結果を表2に示した。
実施例1において、コハク酸、アジピン酸がそれぞれ74モル%、26モル%、さらに両酸に対してリンゴ酸を0.0033倍モル、および1,4-ブタンジオール1.3倍モルを混合してスラリーを調製した以外は実施例1と同様にポリエステルの製造を行い、ポリエステルペレットを得た。得られたポリエステルの固有粘度は1.85±0.05dL/gであり、品質の安定したポリエステルペレットであった。得られたペレットを実施例2と同様にして接触処理を行った結果を表2に示した。
実施例1において、アジピン酸、テレフタル酸がそれぞれ53モル%、47モル%、さらに両酸に対してトリメチロールプロパンを0.0035倍モル、および1,4-ブタンジオール1.5倍モルを混合してスラリーを調製した以外は実施例1と同様にポリエステルの製造を行い、ポリエステルペレットを得た。得られたポリエステルの固有粘度は1.50±0.05dL/gであり、品質の安定したポリエステルペレットであった。得られたペレットを実施例2と同様にして接触処理を行った結果を表2に示した。
2:再循環ライン
3:触媒供給ライン
4:エステル化反応物の抜出ライン
5:留出ライン
6:抜出ライン
7:循環ライン
8:抜出ライン
9:ガス抜出ライン
10:凝縮液ライン
11:抜出ライン
12:循環ライン
13:抜出ライン
14:ベントライン
15:供給ライン
A:エステル化反応槽
B:抜出ポンプ
C:精留塔
D:ポンプ
E:ポンプ
F:タンク
G:コンデンサー
L1、L3、L5:重縮合反応物抜出ライン
L2、L4、L6:ベントライン
L7:触媒供給ライン
L8:原料供給ライン
a:第1重縮合反応槽
d:第2重縮合反応槽
k:第3重縮合反応槽
c、e、m:抜出用ギヤポンプ
g:ダイスヘッド
h:回転式カッター
p、q、r、s:フィルター
I:循環タンク
II:熱交換器
III:接触処理槽
IV:微粉除去機
V:ロータリーバルブ
VI:予備固液分離機
VII:回収タンク
VIII:固液分離機
IX:ポンプ
X:ポンプ
XI:分離機
101:接触処理液供給ライン
102:抜出ライン
103:ペレット供給ライン
104:抜出ライン
105:供給ライン
106:回収ライン
108:供給ライン
109:抜出ライン
110:抜出ライン
111:供給ライン
112:抜出ライン
113:抜出ライン
I:第一乾燥塔
J:冷却塔
K:第二乾燥塔
L:コンデンサー
M:熱交換器
N:熱交換器
O:ロータリーバルブ
P:ロータリーバルブ
Q:ロータリーバルブ
R:ブロア
S:熱交換器
201:ペレット供給ライン
202:ペレット抜出ライン
203:ペレット供給ライン
204:ペレット抜出ライン
205:ペレット供給ライン
206:ペレット抜出ライン
207:乾燥ガス回収ライン
208:乾燥ガス供給ライン
209:新乾燥ガス供給ライン
210:凝縮液抜出ライン
211:冷却ガス抜出ライン
212:冷却ガス供給ライン
213:乾燥ガス抜出ライン
214:乾燥ガス供給ライン
Claims (14)
- 1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分とジカルボン酸成分とを反応させるエステル化反応工程と、前記エステル化反応工程を経て得られるポリエステルをペレット化するペレット化工程と、前記ペレット化工程で得られるポリエステルペレットと、接触処理液とを接触させる接触処理工程と、
を有するポリエステルの製造方法であって、
前記接触処理工程において、ポリエステルペレットと接触する際の接触処理液中の環状二量体の濃度が3500質量ppm以下である、ポリエステルの製造方法。 - 前記ポリエステルペレットと前記接触処理液とを接触させる際の前記接触処理液の温度が、25℃以上且つ前記ポリエステルの融点以下である、請求項1に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記接触処理工程の後に、前記接触処理液中の環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離する分離工程を更に有する、請求項1に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記分離工程において、前記環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離した前記接触処理液を、前記接触処理工程の接触処理液として用いる、請求項3に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記接触処理工程において、前記ポリエステルペレットと前記接触処理液とを接触させる際の前記接触処理液が、接触処理液全体に対して水を10質量%以上99質量%以下含有する、請求項1に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記接触処理工程において、前記ポリエステルペレットと前記接触処理液とを接触させる際の前記接触処理液が、アルコール類と水の混合物である、請求項1に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記接触処理工程において、ポリエステルペレットと接触する際の前記接触処理液中の環状二量体の濃度が100質量ppm以上である、請求項1に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオール成分とジカルボン酸成分とを反応させるエステル化反応工程と、前記エステル化反応工程を経て得られるポリエステルをペレット化するペレット化工程と、前記ペレット化工程で得られるポリエステルペレットと、アルコール類と水の混合物である接触処理液とを接触させる接触処理工程と、前記接触処理工程の後に、前記接触処理液中の環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離する分離工程と、を含み、
前記分離工程において前記環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離した前記接触処理液を、前記接触処理工程の接触処理液として用いる、ポリエステルの製造方法。 - 前記分離工程において分離した前記環状二量体を前記エステル化反応工程に供給する、請求項3又は8に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 得られるポリエステルに含まれる環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下である、請求項1又は8に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- 前記分離工程は、分離機により環状二量体を分離する分離工程である、請求項3又は8に記載のポリエステルの製造方法。
- ポリエステルペレットとアルコール類と水の混合物からなる接触処理液とを接触させる接触処理工程、前記接触処理工程で得られた接触処理液から環状二量体のうち少なくとも一部を分離する分離工程、及び前記分離工程で環状二量体を分離して得られた接触処理液とポリエステルペレットとを接触させポリエステルを得るポリエステル製造工程、を含み、前記製造工程で得られたポリエステルは、環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下である、ポリエステルの製造方法。
- 1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオールに由来する繰返し構成単位と、ジカルボン酸に由来する繰返し構成単位とを含み、かつ環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下であるポリエステルの、食品接触フィルムを製造するための使用。
- 1,4-ブタンジオールを含むジオールに由来する繰返し構成単位と、ジカルボン酸に由来する繰返し構成単位とを含み、かつ環状二量体含有量が2000質量ppm以下であるポリエステルを含むポリエステル組成物からなる食品接触フィルム。
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| JPH09263629A (ja) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-07 | Shimadzu Corp | 脂肪族ポリエステルペレットの洗浄方法及び洗浄装置 |
| JP2005325259A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 脂肪族或いは脂環式ポリエステルの洗浄処理方法 |
| JP2012092310A (ja) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-05-17 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| JP2018145221A (ja) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-20 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| WO2019096918A1 (de) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-23 | Basf Se | Kontinuierliches verfahren zur herstellung eines aliphatischen polyesters |
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| JP4725028B2 (ja) * | 2003-04-09 | 2011-07-13 | 三菱化学株式会社 | ポリブチレンテレフタレート |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH09263629A (ja) * | 1996-03-28 | 1997-10-07 | Shimadzu Corp | 脂肪族ポリエステルペレットの洗浄方法及び洗浄装置 |
| JP2005325259A (ja) * | 2004-05-14 | 2005-11-24 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | 脂肪族或いは脂環式ポリエステルの洗浄処理方法 |
| JP2012092310A (ja) * | 2010-09-27 | 2012-05-17 | Mitsubishi Chemicals Corp | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| JP2018145221A (ja) * | 2017-03-01 | 2018-09-20 | 三菱ケミカル株式会社 | ポリエステルの製造方法 |
| WO2019096918A1 (de) * | 2017-11-20 | 2019-05-23 | Basf Se | Kontinuierliches verfahren zur herstellung eines aliphatischen polyesters |
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| US20250222628A1 (en) | 2025-07-10 |
| JPWO2024071363A1 (ja) | 2024-04-04 |
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