WO2024042994A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2024042994A1 WO2024042994A1 PCT/JP2023/027563 JP2023027563W WO2024042994A1 WO 2024042994 A1 WO2024042994 A1 WO 2024042994A1 JP 2023027563 W JP2023027563 W JP 2023027563W WO 2024042994 A1 WO2024042994 A1 WO 2024042994A1
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/423—Polyamide resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
- H01M50/434—Ceramics
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- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present disclosure relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- Patent Document 1 proposes an active material in which a surface layer containing a lithium sulfonate salt compound is formed on the surface of particles of lithium titanate containing Li 4 Ti 5 O 12 as a main component. Patent Document 1 describes that by using the active material as a negative electrode active material, it is possible to suppress a change in resistance of a battery before and after being charged and stored.
- Patent Document 1 In non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries, it is an important issue to improve high-temperature storage characteristics while ensuring high capacity. Conventional techniques including Patent Document 1 cannot sufficiently address such problems, and there is still much room for improvement.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an embodiment of the present disclosure includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator that isolates the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other, and a non-aqueous electrolyte, and the positive electrode includes a lithium-containing composite oxide and a lithium-containing composite oxide. and a sulfonic acid compound present on the particle surface of the containing composite oxide, the sulfonic acid compound being a compound represented by formula (I), and the separator comprising a base layer and a separator formed on the surface of the base layer.
- the heat-resistant layer faces at least the positive electrode, and the thickness T1 of the base layer and the thickness T2 of the heat-resistant layer satisfy the relationship T2/T1 ⁇ 0.2.
- A is a Group 1 or Group 2 element, R is a hydrocarbon group, and n is 1 or 2.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure has high capacity and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that is an example of an embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing an example of a cross section of a separator.
- the present inventors secured high capacity by using a lithium-containing composite oxide with a specific sulfonic acid compound attached to the particle surface as the positive electrode active material, and by using a separator with a heat-resistant layer of a predetermined thickness. At the same time, we succeeded in improving high-temperature storage characteristics.
- elution of metals such as Ni is suppressed even if the positive electrode has a deep charging/discharging depth, so it is thought that high-temperature storage characteristics are improved.
- the sulfonic acid compound represented by the above formula (I) functions specifically when applied to the particle surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide to reduce the reaction resistance at the positive electrode and deepen the charge/discharge depth of the positive electrode. .
- simply applying a sulfonic acid compound to the positive electrode does not produce a battery with high capacity and excellent high-temperature storage characteristics.
- ⁇ means a range including the upper and lower limits before and after " ⁇ ".
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery a cylindrical battery in which a wound electrode body 14 is housed in a cylindrical outer can 16 with a bottom is exemplified.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to the present disclosure may be, for example, a prismatic battery with a prismatic exterior can, a coin-shaped battery with a coin-shaped exterior can, and a laminate sheet containing a metal layer and a resin layer.
- a pouch-type battery may be provided with an exterior body made up of.
- the electrode body is not limited to a wound type electrode body, and may be a laminated type electrode body in which a plurality of positive electrodes and a plurality of negative electrodes are alternately laminated with separators interposed therebetween.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 that is an example of an embodiment.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a wound electrode body 14, a nonaqueous electrolyte, and an outer can 16 that houses the electrode body 14 and the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the electrode body 14 includes a positive electrode 11 , a negative electrode 12 , and a separator 13 , and has a wound structure in which the positive electrode 11 and the negative electrode 12 are spirally wound with the separator 13 in between.
- the outer can 16 is a bottomed cylindrical metal container with an open end in the axial direction, and the opening of the outer can 16 is closed by a sealing member 17 .
- the sealing body 17 side of the battery will be referred to as the upper side
- the bottom side of the outer can 16 will be referred to as the lower side.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents used include esters, ethers, nitriles, amides, and mixed solvents of two or more of these.
- nonaqueous solvents include ethylene carbonate (EC), ethylmethyl carbonate (EMC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), diethyl carbonate (DEC), and mixed solvents thereof.
- the non-aqueous solvent may contain a halogen-substituted product (for example, fluoroethylene carbonate) in which at least a portion of hydrogen in these solvents is replaced with a halogen atom such as fluorine.
- a lithium salt such as LiPF 6 is used as the electrolyte salt.
- the positive electrode 11, the negative electrode 12, and the separator 13 that constitute the electrode body 14 are all long strip-shaped bodies, and are wound in a spiral shape so that they are alternately stacked in the radial direction of the electrode body 14.
- the negative electrode 12 is formed to be one size larger than the positive electrode 11 in order to prevent precipitation of lithium. That is, the negative electrode 12 is formed longer than the positive electrode 11 in the length direction and the width direction.
- the separators 13 are formed to be at least one size larger than the positive electrode 11, and for example, two separators 13 are arranged so as to sandwich the positive electrode 11 therebetween.
- the electrode body 14 has a positive electrode lead 20 connected to the positive electrode 11 by welding or the like, and a negative electrode lead 21 connected to the negative electrode 12 by welding or the like.
- Insulating plates 18 and 19 are arranged above and below the electrode body 14, respectively.
- the positive electrode lead 20 passes through the through hole of the insulating plate 8 and extends toward the sealing body 17, and the negative electrode lead 21 passes through the outside of the insulating plate 19 and extends toward the bottom of the outer can 16.
- the positive electrode lead 20 is connected by welding or the like to the lower surface of the internal terminal plate 23 of the sealing body 17, and the cap 27, which is the top plate of the sealing body 17 and electrically connected to the internal terminal plate 23, serves as a positive electrode terminal.
- the negative electrode lead 21 is connected to the bottom inner surface of the outer can 16 by welding or the like, and the outer can 16 serves as a negative electrode terminal.
- a gasket 28 is provided between the outer can 16 and the sealing body 17 to ensure airtightness inside the battery.
- the outer can 16 is formed with a grooved part 22 that supports the sealing body 17 and has a part of the side surface protruding inward.
- the grooved portion 22 is preferably formed in an annular shape along the circumferential direction of the outer can 16, and supports the sealing body 17 on its upper surface.
- the sealing body 17 is fixed to the upper part of the outer can 16 by the grooved part 22 and the open end of the outer can 16 which is crimped to the sealing body 17 .
- the sealing body 17 has a structure in which an internal terminal plate 23, a lower valve body 24, an insulating member 25, an upper valve body 26, and a cap 27 are laminated in order from the electrode body 14 side.
- Each member constituting the sealing body 17 has, for example, a disk shape or a ring shape, and each member except the insulating member 25 is electrically connected to each other.
- the lower valve body 24 and the upper valve body 26 are connected at their respective central portions, and an insulating member 25 is interposed between their respective peripheral portions.
- the positive electrode 11, negative electrode 12, and separator 13 that make up the electrode body 14 will be explained in detail, particularly the positive electrode active material that makes up the positive electrode 11, and the separator 13.
- the positive electrode 11 includes a positive electrode core 30 and a positive electrode mixture layer 31 provided on the surface of the positive electrode core 30 .
- a metal foil such as aluminum that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode 11, a film with the metal disposed on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 31 contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and is preferably provided on both surfaces of the positive electrode core 30 except for the portion to which the positive electrode lead 20 is connected.
- the positive electrode 11 is formed by applying a positive electrode mixture slurry containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder to the surface of the positive electrode core 30, drying the coating film, and then compressing it to form the positive electrode mixture layer 31. It can be produced by forming on both sides of the positive electrode core body 30.
- Examples of the conductive agent included in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include carbon black such as acetylene black and Ketjen black, graphite, carbon nanotubes (CNT), carbon nanofibers, and carbon materials such as graphene.
- Examples of the binder included in the positive electrode mixture layer 31 include fluorine-containing resins such as polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), polyacrylonitrile (PAN), polyimide, acrylic resin, and polyolefin. . Further, these resins, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyethylene oxide, etc. may be used in combination.
- the content of the conductive agent and the binder is, for example, 0.1% by mass to 5% by mass with respect to the mass of the positive electrode mixture layer 31, respectively.
- the positive electrode 11 includes a lithium-containing composite oxide and a sulfonic acid compound present on the particle surface of the composite oxide.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide with a sulfonic acid compound attached to the particle surface functions as a positive electrode active material.
- the sulfonic acid compound is a compound represented by formula (I). In the formula, A is a Group 1 or Group 2 element, R is a hydrocarbon group, and n is 1 or 2.
- the sulfonic acid compound represented by formula (I) functions specifically when applied to the particle surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide, and is effective in the positive electrode 11. Reduce reaction resistance and improve battery output characteristics. Furthermore, with the reduction in resistance, it becomes possible to increase the depth of charging and discharging, making it possible to achieve higher capacity. Although the sulfonic acid compound exhibits the effect even in a very small amount, the amount of the sulfonic acid compound present on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 0.01% relative to the mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide. The content is at least 0.05% by mass, more preferably at least 0.05% by mass, particularly preferably at least 0.1% by mass.
- the amount of the sulfonic acid compound present on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide is preferably 2% by mass or less, more preferably 1.5% by mass, based on the mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide. It is not more than 1.0% by mass, particularly preferably not more than 1.0% by mass.
- the positive electrode active material may have as a main component composite particles that are lithium-containing composite oxides with a sulfonic acid compound attached to the particle surface, and may be substantially composed only of the composite particles.
- the positive electrode active material may contain a composite oxide other than the composite particles or other compounds as long as the purpose of the present disclosure is not impaired.
- a composite oxide without a sulfonic acid compound attached to the particle surface may be included as part of the positive electrode active material.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide has a layered rock salt structure.
- the layered rock salt structure of the lithium-containing composite oxide include a layered rock salt structure belonging to space group R-3m, a layered rock salt structure belonging to space group C2/m, and the like.
- a layered rock salt structure belonging to space group R-3m is preferred from the viewpoint of high capacity and stability of crystal structure.
- the layered rock salt structure of the lithium-containing composite oxide includes a transition metal layer, a Li layer, and an oxygen layer.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide is a composite oxide containing metal elements such as Ni, Co, Al, and Mn in addition to Li.
- the metal elements constituting the lithium-containing composite oxide are, for example, Ni, Co, and M (M is at least one selected from the group consisting of Al, Mn, Fe, Ti, Si, Nb, Mo, W, and Zn). species element). Among these, it is preferable to contain at least one selected from Ni, Co, Al, and Mn.
- suitable composite oxides include composite oxides containing Ni, Co, and Al, and composite oxides containing Ni, Co, and Mn.
- the lithium-containing composite oxide preferably contains 80 mol% or more of Ni based on the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li. Further, the effect of adding a sulfonic acid compound is more remarkable when a lithium-containing composite oxide with a high Ni content is used.
- the Ni content may be 87 mol% or more, or 90 mol% or more, based on the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li.
- the upper limit of the Ni content is, for example, 95 mol%.
- An example of a suitable lithium-containing composite oxide is a composite oxide containing Ni, Co, and M, as described above.
- the content of Co is, for example, 0 mol % to 20 mol % with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li.
- the content of M is, for example, 0 mol% to 20 mol% with respect to the total number of moles of metal elements excluding Li.
- Co may not be substantially added, but battery performance is improved by adding a small amount of Co.
- M includes at least one of Mn and Al.
- the content of elements constituting the lithium-containing composite oxide is measured using an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-AES), an electron beam microanalyzer (EPMA), an energy dispersive X-ray analyzer (EDX), etc. be able to.
- ICP-AES inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer
- EPMA electron beam microanalyzer
- EDX energy dispersive X-ray analyzer
- a lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, a secondary particle formed by agglomerating a plurality of primary particles.
- the volume-based median diameter (D50) of the composite oxide is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 3 ⁇ m to 30 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 25 ⁇ m.
- the D50 of the composite oxide means the D50 of the secondary particles.
- D50 means a particle size at which the cumulative frequency is 50% from the smallest particle size in the volume-based particle size distribution, and is also called the median diameter.
- the particle size distribution of the composite oxide (the same applies to the negative electrode active material) can be measured using a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device (for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.) using water as a dispersion medium.
- a laser diffraction type particle size distribution measuring device for example, MT3000II manufactured by Microtrac Bell Co., Ltd.
- the average particle size of the primary particles constituting the lithium-containing composite oxide is, for example, 0.05 ⁇ m to 1 ⁇ m.
- the average particle diameter of the primary particles is calculated by averaging the diameters of the circumscribed circles of the primary particles extracted by analyzing a scanning electron microscope (SEM) image of a cross section of the secondary particles.
- the sulfonic acid compound present on the particle surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide is a compound represented by formula (I).
- A is a Group 1 or Group 2 element
- R is a hydrocarbon group
- n is 1 or 2.
- A is preferably a Group 1 element.
- Li or Na is more preferred, and Li is particularly preferred.
- R is preferably an alkyl group.
- the number of carbon atoms in the alkyl group is preferably 5 or less, more preferably 3 or less. From the viewpoint of reducing reaction resistance, etc., a suitable example of R is an alkyl group having 3 or less carbon atoms, and among them, a methyl group is preferable.
- a part of hydrogen bonded to carbon may be substituted with fluorine.
- n in formula (I) is preferably 1.
- sulfonic acid compounds include lithium methanesulfonate, lithium ethanesulfonate, lithium propanesulfonate, sodium methanesulfonate, sodium ethanesulfonate, magnesium methanesulfonate, lithium fluoromethanesulfonate, and the like.
- at least one selected from the group consisting of lithium methanesulfonate, lithium ethanesulfonate, and sodium methanesulfonate is preferred, and lithium methanesulfonate is particularly preferred.
- the sulfonic acid compound exists homogeneously over the entire particle surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- the presence of the sulfonic acid compound on the particle surface of the composite oxide can be confirmed by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR).
- FT-IR Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy
- a positive electrode active material containing lithium methanesulfonate has absorption peaks around 1238 cm ⁇ 1 , 1175 cm ⁇ 1 , 1065 cm ⁇ 1 , and 785 cm ⁇ 1 , for example.
- the peaks around 1238 cm ⁇ 1 , 1175 cm ⁇ 1 , and 1065 cm ⁇ 1 are peaks caused by SO stretching vibrations derived from lithium methanesulfonate.
- the peak around 785 cm ⁇ 1 is a peak resulting from CS stretching vibration derived from lithium methanesulfonate.
- positive electrode active materials containing sulfonic acid compounds other than lithium methanesulfonate can also be confirmed from the absorption peak derived from the sulfonic acid compound in the infrared absorption spectrum.
- the presence of the sulfonic acid compound on the particle surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide can also be confirmed by ICP, atomic absorption spectrometry, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), synchrotron radiation XRD measurement, TOF-SIMS, etc.
- a positive electrode active material that is an example of an embodiment can be manufactured by the following method. Note that the manufacturing method described here is just an example, and the method for manufacturing the positive electrode active material is not limited to this method.
- Metal oxides can be prepared by, for example, adding an alkaline solution such as sodium hydroxide dropwise to a solution of a metal salt containing Ni, Co, Al, Mn, etc. while stirring the solution, and adjusting the pH to an alkaline side (for example, 8.5 to 12. 5), a composite hydroxide containing metal elements such as Ni, Co, Al, Mn, etc. can be precipitated (co-precipitated), and the composite hydroxide can be synthesized by heat treatment.
- the heat treatment temperature is not particularly limited, but is, for example, 300°C to 600°C.
- lithium compound examples include Li 2 CO 3 , LiOH, Li 2 O 2 , Li 2 O, LiNO 3 , LiNO 2 , Li 2 SO 4 , LiOH ⁇ H 2 O, LiH, and LiF.
- the metal oxide and the lithium compound are mixed such that, for example, the molar ratio of the metal element in the metal oxide to Li in the lithium compound is 1:0.98 to 1:1.1. Note that when mixing the metal oxide and the lithium compound, other metal raw materials may be added as necessary.
- the mixture of metal oxide and lithium compound is fired, for example, in an oxygen atmosphere.
- the mixture may be fired through multiple heating processes.
- the firing step includes, for example, a first heating step in which the temperature is raised from 450° C. to 680° C. at a heating rate of 1.0° C./min to 5.5° C./min, and a first temperature raising step of 0.1° C./min to 3° C.
- a second heating step is included in which the temperature is raised to a temperature above 680°C at a heating rate of .5°C/min.
- the maximum temperature of the firing step may be set at 700° C. to 850° C., and may be maintained at this temperature for 1 hour to 10 hours.
- the fired product (lithium-containing composite oxide) is washed with water and dehydrated to obtain a cake-like composition.
- This cleaning step removes remaining alkaline components. Washing and dehydration can be performed by conventionally known methods.
- the cake-like composition is dried to obtain a powder-like composition.
- the drying step may be performed under a vacuum atmosphere.
- An example of drying conditions is a temperature of 150° C. to 400° C. for 0.5 hours to 15 hours.
- the sulfonic acid compound is added, for example, to the cake-like composition obtained in the washing step or the powder-like composition obtained in the drying step.
- a sulfonic acid solution may be added instead of or together with the sulfonic acid compound.
- the sulfonic acid compound may be added as an aqueous dispersion.
- the sulfonic acid solution is an aqueous solution of sulfonic acid.
- the concentration of sulfonic acid in the sulfonic acid solution is, for example, 0.5% to 40% by weight.
- the negative electrode 12 includes a negative electrode core 40 and a negative electrode mixture layer 41 provided on the surface of the negative electrode core 40 .
- a metal foil such as copper that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode 12, a film with the metal disposed on the surface, or the like can be used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 41 contains a negative electrode active material and a binder, and is provided on both sides of the negative electrode core body 40 except for the portion to which the negative electrode lead 21 is connected.
- the negative electrode 12 is made by applying a negative electrode mixture slurry containing a negative electrode active material and a binder to the surface of the negative electrode core 40, drying the coating film, and then compressing the negative electrode mixture layer 41 to the negative electrode core. It can be produced by forming it on both sides of 40.
- the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 41 is not particularly limited as long as it can reversibly insert and release lithium ions, and carbon materials such as graphite are generally used.
- the graphite may be natural graphite such as flaky graphite, lumpy graphite, or earthy graphite, or artificial graphite such as lumpy artificial graphite or graphitized mesophase carbon microbeads.
- the negative electrode active material for example, a carbon material such as graphite and a silicon material are used in combination.
- the negative electrode active material contains, for example, 1% by mass or more of a silicon material based on the total mass of the negative electrode active material. This allows the battery to have a higher capacity. Further, since the silicon material has a large expansion rate during charging, the positive electrode 11 and the separator 13 come close to each other, and the separator 13 is easily oxidized. Therefore, when the negative electrode contains a silicon material, the effect of the heat-resistant layer 51 of the separator 13, which will be described later, is significantly exhibited.
- the upper limit of the content of the silicon material is, for example, 20% by mass based on the total mass of the negative electrode active material.
- silicon materials include Si, alloys containing Si, silicon oxides represented by SiO x (x is 0.5 to 1.6), and Li 2y SiO (2+y) (0 ⁇ y ⁇ 2).
- Examples include a silicon-containing material in which fine particles of Si are dispersed in a lithium silicate phase, and a silicon-containing material in which fine particles of Si are dispersed in a carbon phase.
- binder contained in the negative electrode mixture layer examples include styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or its salt, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or its salt (PAA), etc. -Na, PAA-K, etc. (may also be partially neutralized salts), polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the separator 13, which is an example of an embodiment.
- the separator 13 includes a base layer 50 and a heat-resistant layer 51 formed on one surface of the base layer 50, and the positive electrode 11 is disposed above the separator 13.
- a negative electrode 12 is arranged on the lower side. That is, in the electrode body 14, the heat-resistant layer 51 faces the positive electrode 11, and the base material layer 50 faces the negative electrode 12.
- the separator 13 is not limited to the example shown in FIG. 2, and may have a heat-resistant layer 51 on both surfaces of the base layer 50. to face.
- the heat-resistant layer 51 is formed, for example, over substantially the entire area of one side of the base material layer 50 .
- the thickness T1 of the base material layer 50 and the thickness T2 of the heat-resistant layer 51 satisfy the relationship T2/T1 ⁇ 0.2. This suppresses the elution of metals such as Ni from the positive electrode 11 and improves high temperature storage characteristics. When T2/T1 ⁇ 0.2, the effect of the heat-resistant layer 51 described later is not exhibited, and the high-temperature storage characteristics are not sufficiently improved.
- the upper limit value of T2/T1 is, for example, 0.5.
- the thickness of T1 is, for example, 5 ⁇ m to 50 ⁇ m, and the thickness of T2 is, for example, 1 ⁇ m to 10 ⁇ m.
- the base material layer 50 for example, a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulation properties is used.
- porous sheets include microporous thin films, woven fabrics, and nonwoven fabrics.
- the material for the base layer 50 include polyolefins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, a copolymer of ethylene and ⁇ -olefin, acrylic resin, polystyrene, polyester, and cellulose.
- the heat-resistant layer 51 may include a ceramic-containing polymer containing ceramic and a polymer, or may include a polymer having an amide bond. Ceramic-containing polymers have improved heat resistance by containing ceramics. Furthermore, polymers having amide bonds have excellent heat resistance. By arranging the heat-resistant layer 51 to face the positive electrode 11, oxidation of the separator 13 can be suppressed and the high-temperature storage characteristics can be specifically improved. Further, by providing the heat-resistant layer 51, the shape of the separator 13 is maintained during abnormal heat generation of the battery, and the occurrence of internal short circuits can be suppressed. Note that the heat-resistant layer 51 may contain polymers other than the ceramic-containing polymer and the polymer having an amide bond as long as the purpose of the present disclosure is not impaired, but the heat-resistant layer 51 may be made of only these polymers. It is preferable.
- Examples of the ceramic constituting the ceramic-containing polymer include metal oxide particles, metal nitride particles, metal fluoride particles, metal carbide particles, and the like.
- metal oxide particles include aluminum oxide (alumina), titanium oxide (titania), magnesium oxide, zirconium oxide, nickel oxide, silicon oxide (silica), manganese oxide, and the like.
- Examples of the metal nitride particles include titanium nitride, boron nitride, aluminum nitride, magnesium nitride, and silicon nitride.
- Examples of metal fluoride particles include aluminum fluoride, lithium fluoride, sodium fluoride, magnesium fluoride, calcium fluoride, barium fluoride, and the like.
- metal carbide particles examples include silicon carbide, boron carbide, titanium carbide, and tungsten carbide.
- the inorganic particles 32 are porous particles such as zeolite ( M2/ nO.Al2O3.xSiO2.yH2O , M is a metal element, n is the valence of M, x ⁇ 2, y ⁇ 0) . It may also be a layered silicate such as aluminosilicate, talc (Mg 3 Si 4 O 10 (OH) 2 ), minerals such as barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ), strontium titanate (SrTiO 3 ), or the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the ceramic constituting the ceramic-containing polymer preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, and titania.
- the ceramic content in the heat-resistant layer 51 is preferably 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, more preferably 30% by mass or more and 70% by mass or less, based on the total mass of the heat-resistant layer 51. This improves the permeability of the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the polymer constituting the ceramic-containing polymer has the function of bonding individual ceramics to each other and bonding the ceramic to the base layer 50.
- the polymers include, for example, fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), polyimide resins, polyamide resins, acrylic resins, polyolefin resins, styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), Examples include nitrile-butadiene rubber (NBR), carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) or a salt thereof, polyacrylic acid (PAA) or a salt thereof, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- fluorine resins such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) and polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE)
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
- the polymer having an amide bond contained in the heat-resistant layer 51 is, for example, a mixture of a para-aramid resin and a meta-aramid resin, or a copolymer containing a para-aramid skeleton and a meta-aramid skeleton.
- the mass ratio of the para-aramid resin and the meta-aramid resin constituting the polymer having an amide bond is preferably 40:60 to 90:10, more preferably The time is 50:50 to 75:25.
- the mass ratio of the para-aramid skeleton and the meta-aramid skeleton constituting the polymer having an amide bond is preferably 40:60 to 90:10. , more preferably 50:50 to 75:25.
- the heat-resistant layer 51 may further contain the above ceramic.
- the heat-resistant layer 51 can be formed by applying a solution of a ceramic-containing polymer or a solution of a polymer having an amide bond to the surface of the base layer 50.
- the polymer solution application method film forming method
- the coating film may be dried to remove the solvent, or the base layer 50 may be immersed in a coagulation tank to remove the solvent.
- a solvent used for the resin solution and water that is inert and compatible with the solvent can be used.
- Example 1 [Preparation of positive electrode active material]
- the composite hydroxide represented by [Ni 0.90 Al 0.05 Mn 0.05 ](OH) 2 obtained by the coprecipitation method was calcined at 500°C for 8 hours to form an oxide (Ni 0.90 Al 0.05 Mn 0.05 O 2 ) was obtained.
- LiOH and the composite oxide were mixed so that the molar ratio of Li to the total amount of Ni, Al, and Mn was 1.03:1 to obtain a mixture.
- This mixture was fired from room temperature to 650°C at a heating rate of 2.0°C/min under an oxygen stream with an oxygen concentration of 95% (flow rate of 2 mL/min per 10 cm 3 and 5 L/min per 1 kg of mixture), and then heated.
- a lithium-containing composite oxide was obtained by firing from 650°C to 780°C at a rate of 0.5°C/min.
- a positive electrode mixture slurry is prepared using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP) as a dispersion medium.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- a positive electrode mixture slurry is applied onto the positive electrode core made of aluminum foil, the coating film is dried and compressed, and then the positive electrode core is cut into a predetermined electrode size, and the positive electrode mixture is coated on both sides of the positive electrode core.
- a positive electrode on which the agent layer was formed was obtained. Note that an exposed portion in which the surface of the positive electrode core was exposed was provided in a part of the positive electrode.
- a mixture of 99 parts by mass of artificial graphite and 1 part by mass of silicon oxide (SiO) was used as the negative electrode active material. 100 parts by mass of this mixture, 1 part by mass of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC), and 1 part by mass of styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR) were mixed, and an appropriate amount of water was added to prepare a negative electrode mixture slurry.
- a negative electrode mixture slurry is applied onto the negative electrode core made of copper foil, the coating film is dried and compressed, and then the negative electrode core is cut into a predetermined electrode size, and the negative electrode mixture is coated on both sides of the negative electrode core. A negative electrode on which the agent layer was formed was produced. Note that an exposed portion in which the surface of the negative electrode core was exposed was provided in a part of the negative electrode.
- a polycondensation reaction was performed in NMP using paraphenylene diamine and terephthalic acid dichloride as raw materials to prepare a solution of para-aramid resin having a solid content concentration of 3% by mass. Further, a powder of polymetaphenylene isophthalamide (manufactured by Teijin Ltd., Conex) was used as the meta-aramid resin, and 10 parts by mass of the powder was dissolved in 90 parts by mass of NMP to prepare a solution of the meta-aramid resin. A coating solution for a heat-resistant layer was prepared by mixing each resin solution so that the mass ratio of para-aramid resin and meta-aramid resin was 40:60.
- the coating solution was applied to one side of a polyethylene porous base material (thickness: 10 ⁇ m), and solidified by immersion in ion-exchanged water. Thereafter, a separator was obtained by washing with running ion-exchanged water and drying to remove moisture.
- the ratio (T2/T1) of the thickness T2 of the heat-resistant layer to the thickness T1 of the base material layer was 0.4.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte 1.2 mol of LiPF 6 was added to a mixed solvent of ethylene carbonate (EC), ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixed at a volume ratio of 3:3:4 (25°C).
- EC ethylene carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- a non-aqueous electrolyte was prepared by dissolving the solution at a concentration of 1/liter.
- test cell (secondary battery)
- An aluminum lead was attached to the exposed portion of the positive electrode, and a nickel lead was attached to the exposed portion of the negative electrode, and the positive and negative electrodes were spirally wound with a separator interposed therebetween to produce a wound electrode body.
- the heat-resistant layer of the separator was arranged to face the positive electrode. Insulating plates were placed above and below the electrode body, and the electrode body was housed in an exterior can.
- the negative electrode lead was welded to the bottom of the bottomed cylindrical outer can, and the positive electrode lead was welded to the sealing body.
- An electrolytic solution was injected into the outer can, and the opening of the outer can was sealed with a sealing member via a gasket to produce a secondary battery as a test cell.
- This test cell was charged in an environment of 25° C. with a constant current of 0.3 C until the battery voltage reached 4.2 V, and then charged with a constant voltage of 4.2 V until the current value reached 0.02 C. Further, after being left undisturbed for 2 months in an environment of 60°C, the battery was left undisturbed in an environment of 25°C for 12 hours, and then discharged at a constant current of 0.5C until the battery voltage reached 2.5V. Thereafter, the test cell was charged at a constant current of 0.3C until the battery voltage reached 4.2V in an environment of 25°C, and then charged at a constant voltage of 4.2V until the current value reached 0.02C. did.
- Capacity retention rate after high temperature storage (%) (discharge capacity after storage - initial discharge capacity) / initial discharge capacity x 100
- Example 2 In producing the positive electrode active material, a test cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was 0.3% by mass, and evaluation was carried out. went.
- Example 3 In the production of the positive electrode active material, the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was set to 0.5% by mass, and in the production of the separator, the amount of coating liquid was adjusted to achieve T2/ A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a separator with T1 of 0.22 was produced.
- Example 4 In producing the positive electrode active material, a test cell was produced in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was 0.5% by mass, and evaluation was performed. went.
- Example 5 In the production of the positive electrode active material, the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was set to 0.5% by mass, and in the production of the separator, the amount of coating liquid was adjusted to achieve T2/ A test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a separator with T1 of 0.5 was produced.
- Example 6> In the production of the positive electrode active material, the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was 0.5% by mass, and in the production of the separator, the following changes were made.
- a test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. (1) A coating liquid was prepared by dispersing 5 parts by mass of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) and 5 parts by mass of alumina in 90 parts by mass of NMP. (2) The coating solution was applied to one side of a polyethylene porous substrate (thickness: 10 ⁇ m), and the coating film was dried to form a heat-resistant layer. The ratio (T2/T1) of the thickness T2 of the heat-resistant layer to the thickness T1 of the base material layer was 0.4.
- Example 7 In producing the positive electrode active material, a test cell was produced and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was 1% by mass. .
- Example 8 In the production of the positive electrode active material, sodium methanesulfonate was used instead of lithium methanesulfonate, and the amount of sodium methanesulfonate added was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 9 In producing the positive electrode active material, lithium ethanesulfonate was used instead of lithium methanesulfonate, and the amount of lithium ethanesulfonate added was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 1 Example except that in producing the positive electrode active material, lithium methanesulfonate was not added, and in producing the separator, the amount of coating liquid was adjusted to produce a separator with T2/T1 of 0.22. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 2 Example except that in producing the positive electrode active material, lithium methanesulfonate was not added, and in producing the separator, the amount of coating liquid was adjusted to produce a separator with T2/T1 of 0.4. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 3 Example except that in producing the positive electrode active material, lithium methanesulfonate was not added, and in producing the separator, the amount of coating liquid was adjusted to produce a separator with T2/T1 of 0.5. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 4 A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that lithium methanesulfonate was not added in the preparation of the positive electrode active material and that a heat-resistant layer was not formed in the preparation of the separator. Ta.
- Example 6 The same procedure as Example 1 was carried out, except that in producing the positive electrode active material, lithium oxalate was added instead of methanesulfonic acid, and the amount of lithium oxalate added was 0.5% by mass with respect to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide. A test cell was prepared in the same manner and evaluated.
- ⁇ Comparative example 8> In the production of the positive electrode active material, the amount of lithium methanesulfonate added to the total mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide was 0.5% by mass, and in the production of the separator, 10% by mass of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) powder was used. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1, except that a solution of PVDF prepared by dissolving 90 parts by mass of NMP was used as the coating liquid for the heat-resistant layer.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- Example 9 Example except that in producing the positive electrode active material, lithium methanesulfonate was not added, and in producing the separator, the amount of coating liquid was adjusted to produce a separator with T2/T1 of 0.14. A test cell was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Table 1 shows the evaluation results of the test cells of Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the capacity retention rate after high-temperature storage of each test cell shown in Table 1 is a relative value when the value of the test cell of Comparative Example 1 is taken as 100, and the larger the value, the better the high-temperature storage characteristics.
- test cells of Comparative Examples 1 to 3 in which no sulfonic acid compound was applied to the positive electrode had inferior high-temperature storage characteristics compared to the test cells of Examples 3 to 5.
- test cell of Comparative Example 7 using a separator without a heat-resistant layer and the test cell of Comparative Example 8 using a separator made with a coating liquid that does not contain a prescribed polymer are also similar to the test cells of Examples 3 to 5. Its high-temperature storage properties are inferior to that of In particular, the test cell of Comparative Example 4, in which a sulfonic acid compound was not applied to the positive electrode and a separator without a heat-resistant layer was used, had even worse high-temperature storage characteristics than Comparative Examples 1 to 3.
- test cells of Comparative Examples 5 and 6 using lithium succinate or lithium oxalate instead of the sulfonic acid compound were stored at high temperatures equivalent to the test cells of Comparative Example 2 in which no acid salt was added to the positive electrode. It was a characteristic.
- test cell of Comparative Example 9 using a separator with T2/T1 of less than 0.2 in the heat-resistant layer had almost the same high-temperature storage characteristics as the test cell of Comparative Example 7 using a separator without a heat-resistant layer. Ta.
- Configuration 1 comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a separator that isolates the positive electrode and the negative electrode from each other, and a nonaqueous electrolyte
- the positive electrode includes a lithium-containing composite oxide and a sulfonic acid compound present on the particle surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide,
- the sulfonic acid compound is a compound represented by formula (I)
- the separator has a base material layer and a heat-resistant layer formed on the surface of the base material layer, and the heat-resistant layer faces the positive electrode,
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery wherein a thickness T1 of the base layer and a thickness T2 of the heat-resistant layer satisfy the relationship T2/T1 ⁇ 0.2.
- Configuration 2 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to configuration 1, wherein the A is a Group 1 element.
- Configuration 3 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to configuration 1, wherein the A is Li.
- Configuration 4 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 3, wherein the R is an alkyl group.
- Configuration 5 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 3, wherein the R is a methyl group.
- Configuration 6 According to any one of configurations 1 to 5, the amount of the sulfonic acid compound present on the surface of the lithium-containing composite oxide is 2% by mass or less based on the mass of the lithium-containing composite oxide.
- Configuration 7 7. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 6, wherein the lithium-containing composite oxide has a layered rock salt structure.
- Configuration 8 8. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 7, wherein the heat-resistant layer includes a ceramic-containing polymer containing a ceramic and a polymer.
- Configuration 9 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to configuration 8, wherein the content of the ceramic in the heat-resistant layer is 20% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less with respect to the total mass of the heat-resistant layer.
- Configuration 10 The nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to configuration 8 or 9, wherein the ceramic includes at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, silica, and titania.
- Configuration 11 8. The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of configurations 1 to 7, wherein the heat-resistant layer includes a polymer having an amide bond.
- Configuration 12 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to configuration 11, wherein the heat-resistant layer further includes ceramic.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to any one of Structures 1 to 12, wherein the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is at least one element containing:
- Configuration 14 The non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery according to configuration 13, wherein x in the general formula satisfies 0.87 ⁇ x ⁇ 0.95.
- Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 11 positive electrode, 12 negative electrode, 13 separator, 14 electrode body, 16 outer can, 17 sealing body, 18, 19 insulating plate, 20 positive electrode lead, 21 negative electrode lead, 22 grooved part, 23 internal terminal Plate, 24 lower valve body, 25 insulating member, 26 upper valve body, 27 cap, 28 gasket, 30 positive electrode core, 31 positive electrode mixture layer, 40 negative electrode core, 41 negative electrode mixture layer, 50 base material layer, 51 heat resistant layer
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Abstract
Description
正極11は、正極芯体30と、正極芯体30の表面に設けられた正極合剤層31とを有する。正極芯体30には、アルミニウムなどの正極11の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表面に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。正極合剤層31は、正極活物質、導電剤、及び結着剤を含み、正極リード20が接続される部分を除く正極芯体30の両面に設けられることが好ましい。正極11は、例えば、正極活物質、導電剤、及び結着剤を含む正極合剤スラリーを正極芯体30の表面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して正極合剤層31を正極芯体30の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
負極12は、負極芯体40と、負極芯体40の表面に設けられた負極合剤層41とを有する。負極芯体40には、銅などの負極12の電位範囲で安定な金属の箔、当該金属を表面に配置したフィルム等を用いることができる。負極合剤層41は、負極活物質及び結着剤を含み、負極リード21が接続される部分を除く負極芯体40の両面に設けられることが好ましい。負極12は、例えば、負極芯体40の表面に負極活物質及び結着剤を含む負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させた後、圧縮して負極合剤層41を負極芯体40の両面に形成することにより作製できる。
セパレータ13は、正極11及び負極12を相互に隔離する。セパレータ13は、基材層と、基材層の表面に形成された耐熱層とを有する。図2は、実施形態の一例であるセパレータ13の断面図である。図2に示す例においては、セパレータ13は、基材層50と、基材層50の一方の表面に形成された耐熱層51とを有し、セパレータ13の上側には正極11が配置され、下側には負極12が配置される。即ち、電極体14において、耐熱層51は正極11に対向し、基材層50は負極12に対向する。なお、セパレータ13は、図2に示す例に限定されず、基材層50の両方の表面に耐熱層51を有してもよく、この場合、耐熱層51は、正極11と負極12の両方に対向する。耐熱層51、例えば基材層50の片面の略全域に形成される。
[正極活物質の作製]
共沈法により得られた[Ni0.90Al0.05Mn0.05](OH)2で表される複合水酸化物を500℃で8時間焼成して酸化物(Ni0.90Al0.05Mn0.05O2)を得た。次に、LiOHおよび当該複合酸化物を、Liと、Ni、Al、およびMnの総量とのモル比が1.03:1になるように混合して混合物を得た。この混合物を酸素濃度95%の酸素気流下(10cm3あたり2mL/minおよび混合物1kgあたり5L/minの流量)、昇温速度2.0℃/minで室温から650℃まで焼成した後、昇温速度0.5℃/minで650℃から780℃まで焼成してリチウム含有複合酸化物を得た。
上記正極活物質と、アセチレンブラックと、ポリフッ化ビニリデンとを、98:1:1の質量比で混合し、分散媒としてN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)を用いて、正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、アルミニウム箔からなる正極芯体上に正極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮した後、正極芯体を所定の電極サイズに切断して、正極芯体の両面に正極合剤層が形成された正極を得た。なお、正極の一部に正極芯体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
負極活物質として、99質量部の人造黒鉛と、1質量部の酸化ケイ素(SiO)との混合物を用いた。100質量部のこの混合物と、1質量部のカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)と、1質量部のスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)とを混合し、水を適量加えて、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、銅箔からなる負極芯体上に負極合剤スラリーを塗布し、塗膜を乾燥、圧縮した後、負極芯体を所定の電極サイズに切断して、負極芯体の両面に負極合剤層が形成された負極を作製した。なお、負極の一部に負極芯体の表面が露出した露出部を設けた。
パラフェニレンジアミンとテレフタル酸ジクロライドを原料としてNMP中で重縮合反応を行い、固形分濃度が3質量%のパラアラミド樹脂の溶液を調製した。また、メタアラミド樹脂としてポリメタフェニレンイソフタルアミド(帝人(株)製、Conex)の粉体を用い、当該粉体10質量部をNMP90質量部に溶解させて、メタアラミド樹脂の溶液を調製した。パラアラミド樹脂とメタアラミド樹脂が質量比で40:60となるように各樹脂溶液を混合して、耐熱層用の塗布液を調製した。当該塗布液をポリエチレン製の多孔質基材(厚み10μm)の片面に塗布し、イオン交換水に浸漬して凝固させた。その後、イオン交換水の流水で洗浄し、乾燥させて水分を除去することによりセパレータを得た。基材層の厚みT1に対する耐熱層の厚みT2の割合(T2/T1)は、0.4であった。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)を、3:3:4の体積比(25℃)で混合した混合溶媒に対して、LiPF6を1.2モル/リットルの濃度で溶解させて非水電解質を調製した。
上記正極の露出部にアルミニウムリードを、上記負極の露出部にニッケルリードをそれぞれ取り付け、セパレータを介して正極及び負極を渦巻き状に巻回して巻回型の電極体を作製した。このとき、セパレータの耐熱層が正極に対向するようにした。上記電極体の上下に絶縁板をそれぞれ配置し、電極体を外装缶内に収容した。負極リードを有底円筒形状の外装缶の底部に溶接し、正極リードを封口体にそれぞれ溶接した。外装缶内に電解液を注入し、ガスケットを介して封口体により外装缶の開口部を封止して、試験セルとしての二次電池を作製した。
上記の試験セルを、25℃の環境下で、0.3Cの定電流で電池電圧が4.2Vになるまで充電した後、4.2Vの定電圧で電流値が0.02Cになるまで充電した。その後、0.5Cの定電流で電池電圧が2.5Vになるまで放電し、この時の放電容量を初期放電容量とした。
高温保存後の容量維持率(%)=(保存後放電容量-初期放電容量)/初期放電容量×100
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.3質量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたことと、セパレータの作製において、塗布液の塗布量を調整してT2/T1が0.22のセパレータを作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたことと、セパレータの作製において、塗布液の塗布量を調整してT2/T1が0.5のセパレータを作製したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたことと、セパレータの作製において、以下の点を変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
(1)5質量部のポリビニルアルコール(PVA)及び5質量部のアルミナを、90質量部のNMPに分散させて塗布液を作製した。
(2)当該塗布液をポリエチレン製の多孔質基材(厚み10μm)の片面に塗布し、塗膜を乾燥させて耐熱層を形成した。基材層の厚みT1に対する耐熱層の厚みT2の割合(T2/T1)は、0.4であった。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を1質量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムの代わりにメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムを用い、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸ナトリウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムの代わりにエタンスルホン酸リチウムを用い、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するエタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムを添加しなかったことと、セパレータの作製において、塗布液の塗布量を調整してT2/T1が0.22のセパレータを作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムを添加しなかったことと、セパレータの作製において、塗布液の塗布量を調整してT2/T1が0.4のセパレータを作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムを添加しなかったことと、セパレータの作製において、塗布液の塗布量を調整してT2/T1が0.5のセパレータを作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムを添加しなかったことと、セパレータの作製において、耐熱層を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸の代わりにコハク酸リチウムを添加し、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するコハク酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸の代わりにシュウ酸リチウムを添加し、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するシュウ酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたことと、セパレータの作製において、耐熱層を形成しなかったこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、リチウム含有複合酸化物の総質量に対するメタンスルホン酸リチウムの添加量を0.5質量%としたことと、セパレータの作製において、ポリフッ化ビニリデン(PVDF)の粉体10質量部をNMP90質量部に溶解させて調製したPVDFの溶液を耐熱層用の塗布液として用いたこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
正極活物質の作製において、メタンスルホン酸リチウムを添加しなかったことと、セパレータの作製において、塗布液の塗布量を調整してT2/T1が0.14のセパレータを作製したこと以外は実施例1と同様にして試験セルを作製し、評価を行った。
構成1:
正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極を相互に隔離するセパレータと、非水電解質とを備え、
前記正極は、リチウム含有複合酸化物と、前記リチウム含有複合酸化物の粒子表面に存在するスルホン酸化合物とを含み、
前記スルホン酸化合物は、式(I)で表される化合物であり、
前記セパレータは、基材層と、前記基材層の表面に形成された耐熱層とを有し、且つ、前記耐熱層は、前記正極に対向しており、
前記基材層の厚みT1及び前記耐熱層の厚みT2が、T2/T1≧0.2の関係を満たす、非水電解質二次電池。
構成2:
前記Aが1族元素である、構成1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成3:
前記AがLiである、構成1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成4:
前記Rがアルキル基である、構成1~3のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成5:
前記Rがメチル基である、構成1~3のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成6:
前記リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面に存在する前記スルホン酸化合物の量が、前記リチウム含有複合酸化物の質量に対して、2質量%以下である、構成1~5のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成7:
前記リチウム含有複合酸化物が、層状岩塩構造を有する、構成1~6のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成8:
前記耐熱層が、セラミックとポリマーを含有するセラミック含有ポリマーを含む、構成1~7のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成9:
前記耐熱層における前記セラミックの含有率が、前記耐熱層の総質量に対して、20質量%以上95質量%以下である、構成8に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成10:
前記セラミックが、アルミナ、シリカ、及びチタニアからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む、構成8又は9に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成11:
前記耐熱層が、アミド結合を有するポリマーを含む、構成1~7のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成12:
前記耐熱層が、さらに、セラミックを含む、構成11に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成13:
前記リチウム含有複合酸化物は、一般式LiaNixCoyMzO2-b(式中、0.95≦a≦1.2、0.80≦x≦0.95、0≦y≦0.20、0≦z≦0.20、0≦b≦0.05、x+y+z=1、Mは、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti、Si、Nb、Mo、W、及びZnからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素である。)で表される、構成1~12のいずれか1つに記載の非水電解質二次電池。
構成14:
前記一般式中のxが、0.87≦x≦0.95である、構成13に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
Claims (14)
- 正極と、負極と、前記正極及び前記負極を相互に隔離するセパレータと、非水電解質とを備え、
前記正極は、リチウム含有複合酸化物と、前記リチウム含有複合酸化物の粒子表面に存在するスルホン酸化合物とを含み、
前記スルホン酸化合物は、式(I)で表される化合物であり、
前記セパレータは、基材層と、前記基材層の表面に形成された耐熱層とを有し、且つ、前記耐熱層は、前記正極に対向しており、
前記基材層の厚みT1及び前記耐熱層の厚みT2が、T2/T1≧0.2の関係を満たす、非水電解質二次電池。
(式中、Aは第1族又は第2族元素、Rは炭化水素基、nは1又は2である。) - 前記Aが1族元素である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記AがLiである、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記Rがアルキル基である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記Rがメチル基である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有複合酸化物の表面に存在する前記スルホン酸化合物の量が、前記リチウム含有複合酸化物の質量に対して、2質量%以下である、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有複合酸化物が、層状岩塩構造を有する、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層が、セラミックとポリマーを含有するセラミック含有ポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層における前記セラミックの含有率が、前記耐熱層の総質量に対して、20質量%以上95質量%以下である、請求項8に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記セラミックが、アルミナ、シリカ、及びチタニアからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種を含む、請求項8に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層が、アミド結合を有するポリマーを含む、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記耐熱層が、さらに、セラミックを含む、請求項11に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有複合酸化物は、一般式LiaNixCoyMzO2-b(式中、0.95≦a≦1.2、0.80≦x≦0.95、0≦y≦0.20、0≦z≦0.20、0≦b≦0.05、x+y+z=1、Mは、Al、Mn、Fe、Ti、Si、Nb、Mo、W、及びZnからなる群より選ばれた少なくとも1種の元素である。)で表される、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記一般式中のxが、0.87≦x≦0.95である、請求項13に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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| EP23857110.3A EP4579838A1 (en) | 2022-08-26 | 2023-07-27 | Non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery |
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Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007299612A (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用セパレータおよび非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2011249314A (ja) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-08 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| CN102610790A (zh) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-07-25 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 锂离子二次电池及其正极片 |
| JP2018006164A (ja) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-11 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスの電極用チタン酸リチウム粉末および活物質材料、並びにそれを用いた蓄電デバイス |
| JP2019169286A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-03 | Tdk株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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- 2023-07-27 JP JP2024542692A patent/JPWO2024042994A1/ja active Pending
- 2023-07-27 CN CN202380059868.6A patent/CN119731821A/zh active Pending
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2007299612A (ja) * | 2006-04-28 | 2007-11-15 | Matsushita Electric Ind Co Ltd | 非水電解質二次電池用セパレータおよび非水電解質二次電池 |
| JP2011249314A (ja) * | 2010-05-28 | 2011-12-08 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | リチウム二次電池 |
| CN102610790A (zh) * | 2012-03-31 | 2012-07-25 | 宁德新能源科技有限公司 | 锂离子二次电池及其正极片 |
| JP2018006164A (ja) | 2016-07-01 | 2018-01-11 | 宇部興産株式会社 | 蓄電デバイスの電極用チタン酸リチウム粉末および活物質材料、並びにそれを用いた蓄電デバイス |
| JP2019169286A (ja) * | 2018-03-22 | 2019-10-03 | Tdk株式会社 | リチウムイオン二次電池用正極活物質及びリチウムイオン二次電池 |
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| JPWO2024042994A1 (ja) | 2024-02-29 |
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