WO2023179936A1 - Dc/dc-wandler hoher leistung - Google Patents
Dc/dc-wandler hoher leistung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2023179936A1 WO2023179936A1 PCT/EP2023/052126 EP2023052126W WO2023179936A1 WO 2023179936 A1 WO2023179936 A1 WO 2023179936A1 EP 2023052126 W EP2023052126 W EP 2023052126W WO 2023179936 A1 WO2023179936 A1 WO 2023179936A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- converter
- power
- bridge
- power switches
- phase shift
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/22—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC
- H02M3/24—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters
- H02M3/28—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC
- H02M3/325—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal
- H02M3/335—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only
- H02M3/33569—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output with intermediate conversion into AC by static converters using discharge tubes with control electrode or semiconductor devices with control electrode to produce the intermediate AC using devices of a triode or a transistor type requiring continuous application of a control signal using semiconductor devices only having several active switching elements
- H02M3/33573—Full-bridge at primary side of an isolation transformer
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/0043—Converters switched with a phase shift, i.e. interleaved
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/327—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection against abnormal temperatures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M1/00—Details of apparatus for conversion
- H02M1/32—Means for protecting converters other than automatic disconnection
- H02M1/34—Snubber circuits
- H02M1/342—Active non-dissipative snubbers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/003—Constructional details, e.g. physical layout, assembly, wiring or busbar connections
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02M—APPARATUS FOR CONVERSION BETWEEN AC AND AC, BETWEEN AC AND DC, OR BETWEEN DC AND DC, AND FOR USE WITH MAINS OR SIMILAR POWER SUPPLY SYSTEMS; CONVERSION OF DC OR AC INPUT POWER INTO SURGE OUTPUT POWER; CONTROL OR REGULATION THEREOF
- H02M3/00—Conversion of DC power input into DC power output
- H02M3/01—Resonant DC/DC converters
Definitions
- the invention relates to a DC/DC converter of the phase shift type with active overvoltage protection.
- a so-called clamping circuit is used in DC/DC converters of the phase shift full bridge type (PSFB). For converters with greater power (more than 25 kW), this is typically carried out actively (“active clamping”), i.e. H . using a power semiconductor.
- active clamping i.e. H . using a power semiconductor.
- heat sink heat sink
- power modules are typically used in PSFB DC/DC converters. These contain two or more power semiconductors. The use of isolated power semiconductors, however, is unusual. The points mentioned now lead to a power module with two power semiconductors being used for active clamping, even though only one power semiconductor is required.
- the two power semiconductors are often connected in a module in such a way, for example as a half-bridge circuit, that a direct parallel connection of the two power semiconductors is not possible.
- the DC/DC converter of the phase shift type according to the invention has a first to fourth power switch, which together form a full bridge, and a resonance coil which forms a series connection with the primary side of a transformer, the series connection being between the midpoints of the Half bridges of the full bridge are connected.
- the DC/DC converter has a bridge rectifier connected to the secondary side of the transformer.
- the bridge rectifier expediently comprises four diodes in a known manner, which are connected together in the manner of a full bridge.
- the DC/DC converter comprises an overvoltage protection circuit connected in parallel to the output of the bridge rectifier, the overvoltage protection circuit having a series connection consisting of a capacitor and a fifth power switch.
- a sixth power switch is also connected in parallel to the output of the bridge rectifier, with the fifth and sixth power switches being connected in series in the same direction and constructed together as a power module.
- the DC/DC converter includes a control device for the existing power switches.
- the sixth circuit breaker is connected in such a way that the rectifier diodes can be relieved in certain operating states by switching it on. This results in an overall improved utilization of the existing components with the simplest possible production using available components.
- the control device can be designed to operate the first to fourth power switches in the manner of a phase shift converter.
- a period of time acting as a phase shift is introduced between the switching times of the circuit breakers of the first half bridge of the full bridge and the switching times of the circuit breakers of the second half bridge of the full bridge.
- This period of time means that the diagonal circuit breakers of the full bridge no longer switch on and off essentially at the same time, but are clearly offset from one another depending on the operating situation.
- This offset or phase shift may be so significant that the two upper power switches of the full bridge or the two lower power switches of the full bridge are turned on together for an overlap period.
- Phase-shift DC/DC converters offer particularly low switching losses through zero-voltage switching.
- the phase shift acts as a duty cycle, whereby a small phase shift corresponds to a high duty cycle and a high phase shift corresponds to a low duty cycle.
- the phase shift means that the two upper circuit breakers or the two lower circuit breakers of the full bridge are switched on together for part of the switching times and the primary side of the transformer is therefore short-circuited.
- the control device can be designed to turn off the sixth circuit breaker when there is voltage at the transformer and to turn on the sixth circuit breaker when there is no voltage at the transformer.
- the energy magnetically stored in the output coil of the DC/DC converter still drives a current flow that flows through the diodes of the bridge rectifier .
- the switched-on sixth circuit breaker offers an additional current path, so the current now also flows through the sixth circuit breaker instead of just through the diodes of the bridge rectifier.
- the switching on of the sixth circuit breaker happens in particular during the periods in which the primary side of the Transformer is short-circuited by an overlapping duty cycle of the two upper circuit breakers or the two lower circuit breakers of the full bridge. Switching off the sixth circuit breaker is therefore part of the normal switching cycle.
- the switching operations of the sixth circuit breaker occur twice as often as those of the first four circuit breakers, so it switches at twice the frequency.
- the DC/DC converter preferably includes a common heat sink for the power modules, which include the first to sixth power switches.
- the power module that provides the fifth and sixth power switches is also included in the cooling of the other power modules. This achieves optimal cooling of all power switches while making the DC/DC converter as simple as possible.
- Phase-shift type DC/DC converters are often unidirectional and therefore use a diode-based rectifier. However, it is also possible to carry out the rectifier actively using power switches and thus to provide a bidirectional DC/DC converter of the phase shift type.
- the DC/DC converter in particular has a nominal power of more than 20 kW.
- the power switches installed in the DC/DC converter have a current carrying capacity of at least 100 A and/or a reverse voltage strength of at least 100 V.
- Figure 1 shows a circuit diagram of a phase shift DC/DC converter
- FIG 1 shows an electrical circuit diagram of a DC/DC converter 10 of the phase shift full bridge (PSFB) type.
- the DC/DC converter 10 includes a full bridge 110 made of a first to fourth MOSFET (metal-oxide-semiconductor field effect transistor) 11...14.
- MOSFETs 11...14 are shown in Figure 1 together with their body diode and their parasitic output capacitance. In this exemplary embodiment, these additional components are not actually separate components.
- the MOSFETs 11...14 form two half-bridges connected in parallel in a known manner, each of the half-bridges comprising two of the MOSFETs 11...14 in series connection in the same direction.
- the full bridge 110 is connected to the external connections of the half bridges to input connections 15, 16 for a direct voltage.
- a series circuit consisting of a resonance inductor 19 and the primary side 21 of a transformer 20 is connected between the midpoints 17, 18 of the half bridges.
- the secondary side 22 of the transformer 20 is in turn connected to a bridge rectifier 23.
- the bridge rectifier 23 includes four diodes 24...27, which are connected together to form a full bridge.
- the diodes 24...27 are also shown in FIG. 1 together with their parasitic capacitance, which is also not an actual separate component.
- an output inductance 28 which is common for DC/DC converters of the phase shift type, is connected in series to a symbolic load 35. Furthermore, a smoothing capacitor 29 is connected in parallel to the output of the bridge rectifier, i.e. in parallel to the load 35.
- An overvoltage protection circuit 30 is also connected to the output of the bridge rectifier. This includes a series circuit consisting of a protective capacitor 32 and a parallel circuit with a protective diode 33 and a fifth MOSFET 31.
- the protective diode 33 is designed in such a way that it becomes conductive when an overvoltage occurs and thus limits the voltage to that of the protective capacitor 32.
- the duration of possible protection is limited by the charging of the protective capacitor 32; However, in DC/DC converters of the phase shift type, the occurrence and duration of the overvoltages is known and the protective capacitor 32 can be designed in such a way that there is sufficient protection.
- the fifth MOSFET 31 serves to discharge the protection capacitor 32 after a phase of overvoltage and is therefore switched on in a suitable period of time to effect the discharge.
- the overvoltage protection circuit 30 does not include a protection diode 33.
- the protection function is also taken over by the fifth MOSFET 31, which must be switched on as soon as an overvoltage occurs.
- a sixth MOSFET 34 is also connected at the output of the bridge rectifier and thus in parallel to the overvoltage protection circuit 30.
- the fifth and sixth MOSFETs 31, 34 are each shown together with their body diode in Figure 1.
- the fifth and sixth MOSFETs 31, 34 are connected in the same direction and in series in the manner of a half bridge, although they are not used and controlled as a typical converter half bridge in the circuit of FIG. It is therefore advantageously possible to use a power module for the fifth and sixth MOSFET, in which two MOSFETs are connected as a half bridge. In the circuit according to FIG. 1, both MOSFETs 31, 34 are used and neither switch is wasted.
- the power module that fifth and sixth MOSFETs 31, 34 are connected to the heat sink for the DC/DC converter in the same way as those power modules that provide the first to fourth MOSFETs 11...14.
- the DC/DC converter 10 includes a controller for the MOSFETs
- the MOSFETs 11...14 of the full bridge 17 are controlled in a known manner for phase shift DC/DC converters.
- the MOSFETs 11...14 lying diagonally to one another, i.e. the pair of MOSFETs 11, 14 and the pair of MOSFETs 12, 13, would be switched on and off together.
- phase shift operation switching on does not happen at the same time, but the conductive periods of the switches of the two half bridges are shifted in time from one another and are therefore subject to a phase shift.
- the magnitude of the phase shift defines the duty cycle of the converter, with a large phase shift corresponding to a small duty cycle and vice versa.
- the phase shift can be so significant that both upper switches or both lower switches, i.e. MOSFETs 11, 13 or MOSFETs 12, 14, are switched on at the same time and short-circuit the primary side 21 of the transformer 20.
- FIG. 2 A corresponding circuit diagram is shown in detail in Figure 2.
- the lines show the switching operations 111...114 of the first to fourth MOSFETs 11...14.
- the level near the baseline indicates the switched off state, during an increased course of the switching process
- each forming a half bridge i.e. the first and second MOSFETs 11, 12 on the one hand and the third and fourth MOSFETs 13, 14 on the other.
- at most one is switched on at any time in order not to short-circuit the input voltage.
- a buffer period is maintained in which both switches are switched off in order to avoid brief short circuits that would otherwise occur because the switches do not switch infinitely quickly.
- phase shift 150 i.e. a time offset.
- the size of the offset depends on the current operating situation, so that Figure 2 only shows a possible and exemplary course.
- the phase shift 150 results in an overlap between the switch-on phases of the two upper MOSFETs 11, 13, as well as between the two lower MOSFETs 12, 14. During this overlap, the primary side 21 of the transformer 20 is short-circuited.
- the sixth MOSFET 34 two operating situations are distinguished in a DC/DC converter 10 of the phase shift type.
- the first operating situation there is an input voltage at the transformer 20, which can be positive or negative. This means that energy is transferred from the primary side of the DC/DC converter 10, i.e. the side of the first to fourth MOSFETs 11...14, to the secondary side of the DC/DC converter 10.
- FIG. 2 shows how the sixth MOSFET 34 is switched based on the switching curve 134.
- the sixth MOSFET 34 is switched on for the respective overlap phases, which result from the overlap of the switch-on phases of the first and third MOSFETs 11, 13 on the one hand and of the second and fourth MOSFETs 12, 14 on the other hand. It can be seen that there are two switch-on phases for the sixth MOSFET 34 per switching cycle, so that it is operated at twice the frequency of the MOSFETs 11...14.
- the overall electrical resistance in the freewheeling path decreases. This reduces the overall electrical losses and thus the heat input into the heat sink. Furthermore, the losses that occur are distributed over a larger number of elements, namely in addition to the diodes 24...27 now also on the sixth MOSFET 34, which results in improved heat distribution on the heat sink.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/848,821 US20250202370A1 (en) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-01-30 | High-Power DC/DC Converter |
| CN202380028474.4A CN118891813A (zh) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-01-30 | 高功率的dc/dc转换器 |
| EP23704260.1A EP4470103A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-01-30 | Dc/dc-wandler hoher leistung |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102022202750.7 | 2022-03-21 | ||
| DE102022202750.7A DE102022202750A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2022-03-21 | DC/DC-Wandler hoher Leistung |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2023179936A1 true WO2023179936A1 (de) | 2023-09-28 |
Family
ID=85222145
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/EP2023/052126 Ceased WO2023179936A1 (de) | 2022-03-21 | 2023-01-30 | Dc/dc-wandler hoher leistung |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20250202370A1 (de) |
| EP (1) | EP4470103A1 (de) |
| CN (1) | CN118891813A (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102022202750A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2023179936A1 (de) |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014007914A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-16 | Hitachi Information & Telecommunication Engineering Ltd | Dc−dcコンバータ |
Family Cites Families (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR0177873B1 (ko) | 1995-12-02 | 1999-05-15 | 변승봉 | 순환전류 프리형 고주파 소프트 스위칭FB(Full Bridge)DC-DC컨버터 |
| JPH09285126A (ja) | 1996-04-18 | 1997-10-31 | Fuji Electric Co Ltd | 半導体整流装置のスナバ回路 |
| KR101884686B1 (ko) * | 2016-05-23 | 2018-08-30 | 숭실대학교산학협력단 | 능동 클램프 풀브릿지 컨버터 및 그 구동방법 |
| CN106992688A (zh) | 2017-06-10 | 2017-07-28 | 张炳耀 | 超大功率zvs+zcs综合软开关dc/dc变换器 |
-
2022
- 2022-03-21 DE DE102022202750.7A patent/DE102022202750A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2023
- 2023-01-30 CN CN202380028474.4A patent/CN118891813A/zh active Pending
- 2023-01-30 EP EP23704260.1A patent/EP4470103A1/de active Pending
- 2023-01-30 WO PCT/EP2023/052126 patent/WO2023179936A1/de not_active Ceased
- 2023-01-30 US US18/848,821 patent/US20250202370A1/en active Pending
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2014007914A (ja) * | 2012-06-27 | 2014-01-16 | Hitachi Information & Telecommunication Engineering Ltd | Dc−dcコンバータ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4470103A1 (de) | 2024-12-04 |
| DE102022202750A1 (de) | 2023-09-21 |
| CN118891813A (zh) | 2024-11-01 |
| US20250202370A1 (en) | 2025-06-19 |
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