WO2023145661A1 - 発熱体、合わせガラス、及びデフロスタ - Google Patents
発熱体、合わせガラス、及びデフロスタ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2023145661A1 WO2023145661A1 PCT/JP2023/001797 JP2023001797W WO2023145661A1 WO 2023145661 A1 WO2023145661 A1 WO 2023145661A1 JP 2023001797 W JP2023001797 W JP 2023001797W WO 2023145661 A1 WO2023145661 A1 WO 2023145661A1
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- heating element
- resin film
- copper
- copper foil
- heating
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10376—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires
- B32B17/10385—Laminated safety glass or glazing containing metal wires for ohmic resistance heating
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/001—Double glazing for vehicles
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/002—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor with means for clear vision, e.g. anti-frost or defog panes, rain shields
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60S—SERVICING, CLEANING, REPAIRING, SUPPORTING, LIFTING, OR MANOEUVRING OF VEHICLES, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B60S1/00—Cleaning of vehicles
- B60S1/02—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices
- B60S1/023—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means
- B60S1/026—Cleaning windscreens, windows or optical devices including defroster or demisting means using electrical means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B3/00—Ohmic-resistance heating
- H05B3/84—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields
- H05B3/86—Heating arrangements specially adapted for transparent or reflecting areas, e.g. for demisting or de-icing windows, mirrors or vehicle windshields the heating conductors being embedded in the transparent or reflecting material
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2250/00—Layers arrangement
- B32B2250/02—2 layers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/30—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular thermal properties
- B32B2307/306—Resistant to heat
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/714—Inert, i.e. inert to chemical degradation, corrosion
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/70—Other properties
- B32B2307/732—Dimensional properties
- B32B2307/737—Dimensions, e.g. volume or area
- B32B2307/7375—Linear, e.g. length, distance or width
- B32B2307/7376—Thickness
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B38/00—Ancillary operations in connection with laminating processes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/011—Heaters using laterally extending conductive material as connecting means
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
- H05B2203/00—Aspects relating to Ohmic resistive heating covered by group H05B3/00
- H05B2203/013—Heaters using resistive films or coatings
Definitions
- the present invention relates to heating elements, laminated glass, and defrosters.
- a defroster is widely used as a device for preventing or removing frost, icing, fogging, etc. on window glass in vehicles such as automobiles.
- the defroster for example, by blowing warm air containing no water vapor intensively to a portion to be dehumidified, fogging is removed and visibility is ensured.
- defrosters that use heating wires (electric heating wires) for the purpose of improving heating efficiency and saving power in electric vehicles.
- heating wires electric heating wires
- fogging can be removed by heating the glass with a heating wire interposed between the glass plates, for example.
- Patent Document 1 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-35036 describes a vehicle glass device comprising a pair of glass substrates and a transparent resin intermediate film and a heating electrode sheet interposed between the glass substrates. The use of polyvinyl butyral resin as the membrane is disclosed.
- tungsten wires are generally used as heating wires for defrosters.
- the tungsten wire has a large wire diameter of about 30 ⁇ m, and it is difficult to thin the wire, resulting in poor visibility.
- Patent Document 2 Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2018-161889 discloses a polyvinyl acetal resin having a polyvinyl acetal resin layer and a conductive structure based on a metal foil disposed on or inside the polyvinyl acetal resin layer. Concerning the film, it is disclosed that the conductive structure is composed of copper or the like. Further, in Patent Document 3 (Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No.
- a polyvinyl acetal resin film in which a copper foil is bonded is obtained by thermocompression bonding a laminate obtained by stacking a polyvinyl acetal resin film and a copper foil. Later, it is disclosed that a copper foil bonded to a resin film is processed to form a conductive layer. Furthermore, in Patent Document 4 (International Publication No. 2017/090386), in a laminate having a resin layer containing a polyvinyl acetal resin and a copper layer, copper is It is disclosed that a wiring pattern is formed by processing the layers.
- the present inventors have recently found that in a heating element containing a copper wire, by controlling the cross-sectional crystal size of the copper crystal grains constituting the copper wire to be less than 1.5 ⁇ m, a rapid temperature rise is achieved even at a high supply voltage. It was found that it is possible to suppress the
- an object of the present invention is to provide a heating element capable of suppressing a rapid temperature rise even with a high supply voltage.
- a resin film a heating wire including a copper wire provided on at least one surface of the resin film; and a cross-sectional crystal size of copper crystal grains forming the copper wire is less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic top view showing an example of the heating element of the present invention, and is a view seen from the surface of the resin film on which the heating wire is provided.
- FIG. 1 shows an example of the heat generating element of the present invention.
- a heating element 10 shown in FIG. 1 includes a resin film 12 and a heating wire 14 .
- the heating wire 14 includes copper wire and is provided on at least one surface of the resin film 12 .
- the cross-sectional crystal size of the copper crystal grains forming the copper wire is less than 1.5 ⁇ m.
- the heating element 10 including the copper wire by controlling the cross-sectional crystal size of the copper crystal grains constituting the copper wire to be less than 1.5 ⁇ m, a rapid temperature rise is suppressed even at a high supply voltage. becomes possible.
- the heating element 10 of the present invention increases the resistance R by controlling the cross-sectional crystal size of the copper crystal grains small even if the cross-sectional area of the heating wire 14 is constant, and as a result, the heat generation amount W can be reduced. In this way, the heating element 10 can control the amount of heat generated W by the properties of the copper wire included in the heating wire 14, and thus has the advantage of ensuring the degree of freedom in designing the heating wire 14 itself.
- the cross-sectional crystal size of the copper crystal grains constituting the copper wire is less than 1.5 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 1.0 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more. It is 0.5 ⁇ m or less. By doing so, it is possible to more effectively suppress a rapid temperature rise of the heating element 10 .
- the cross-sectional crystal size in this specification shall mean the average crystal grain size in the cross-sectional direction of the copper wire.
- the cross-sectional crystal size is a value obtained by analyzing the cross section of the copper wire in the thickness direction (height direction) by electron beam backscatter diffraction (EBSD).
- the heating element 10 includes another portion (for example, the bus bar 16 in FIG. 1) having the same crystal structure as the copper crystal grains constituting the copper wire
- the cross section of the other portion instead of the copper wire
- the cross-sectional crystal size may be determined by performing an EBSD analysis on the specimen.
- the cross-sectional crystal size can be preferably calculated according to the procedure shown in Evaluation (4a) in Examples described later.
- the copper wire is composed of copper, but may contain different metals, additive components derived from raw materials, inevitable impurities, etc.
- the content of copper in the copper wire is preferably 55 atomic % or more and 100 atomic % or less, more preferably 90 atomic % or more and 100 atomic % or less.
- This content rate is a semi-quantitative value obtained by measuring a scanning electron microscope with an energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope (SEM-EDS) after processing the cross section of the heating wire 14 .
- SEM-EDS energy dispersive X-ray spectroscope
- the heating wire 14 may contain a known additive or the like in addition to the copper wire. may be applied.
- the thickness (height) of the heating wire 14 is preferably 0.1 ⁇ m or more and 70 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 18 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less. is. By doing so, it is possible to more effectively suppress a rapid temperature rise of the heating element 10 while facilitating manufacture.
- the line width of the heating wire 14 is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 30 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, still more preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 3 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less. By doing so, it is possible to more effectively suppress a rapid temperature rise of the heating element 10 while facilitating manufacturing, and to ensure good visibility when the heating element 10 is used as a defroster. can be done.
- the heating lines 14 may be provided in a pattern in which the heating lines intersect with each other, such as in a grid pattern. In this case, the crossing portion of the heating wire 14 is excluded from the calculation of the line width.
- the heating wire 14 preferably includes at least one pattern selected from the group consisting of linear, wavy, lattice and net, and more preferably includes a wavy pattern.
- the length of the heating wire 14 is not particularly limited and may be appropriately determined according to the pattern shape of the heating wire 14 and the size of the object (such as a window glass of a vehicle) for which the heating element 10 is used.
- the resin film 12 functions as a glass intermediate film when the heating element 10 is used for laminated glass or a defroster.
- the resin film 12 is preferably composed of a resin having optical transparency, and examples of such a resin include polyvinyl acetal resin, polyurethane resin, ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer, and the like. More preferably, resin film 12 contains polyvinyl acetal resin.
- a preferred example of the polyvinyl acetal resin contained in the resin film 12 is a polyvinyl butyral resin from the viewpoint of penetration impact resistance and transparency as a glass intermediate film.
- the resin film 12 may contain known additives, and examples of additives that may be contained in the resin film 12 include plasticizers, antioxidants, ultraviolet absorbers, adhesion modifiers, and the like. be done.
- a commercially available resin film for example, a polyvinyl acetal resin film
- a known resin film manufacturing method for example, see Patent Documents 2 and 3
- the thickness of the resin film 12 is not particularly limited, it is preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 1000 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 900 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 80 ⁇ m or more and 900 ⁇ m or less. Within such a range, both good light transmittance and transportability (that is, supportability of the heating wire 14) can be achieved.
- the proportion of the area where the resin film 12 and the heating wire 14 are not in contact (that is, the aperture ratio) on the surface of the resin film 12 on the heating wire 14 side is 70% or more and 98% or less. By doing so, even better visibility can be ensured.
- the heating element 10 may further include an additional resin film (not shown) in addition to the resin film 12.
- the heating wire 14 is preferably sandwiched between the additional resin film and the resin film 12 . By doing so, the penetration impact resistance of the heating element 10 can be further improved.
- the heating element 10 may further include a busbar 16 and the heating wire 14 may be connected to the busbar 16, as shown in FIG.
- the bus bar 16 may be manufactured using the same raw material (for example, copper foil) as the heating wire 14 and through the same process, and therefore constitutes the copper wire included in the heating wire 14. It may have a crystal structure similar to that of copper crystal grains.
- the manufacturing method of the heating element 10 is not particularly limited, and the heating element 10 can be manufactured by appropriately changing various conditions of the known manufacturing method of the heating element and the defroster. For example, (1) preparing a copper foil having a predetermined cross-sectional crystal size, (2) bonding or forming a resin film on the copper foil, and (3) processing the copper foil to form a heating wire in a predetermined pattern.
- the heating element 10 can be preferably manufactured. Each of steps (1) to (3) will be described below.
- a copper foil having a cross-sectional crystal grain size of less than 1.5 ⁇ m is prepared.
- the copper foil may be either electrolytic copper foil or rolled copper foil, preferably electrolytic copper foil.
- the cross-sectional crystal size can be controlled by changing the concentration of additives, the current density, and the like when electrolytically forming the copper foil.
- a commercially available copper foil that satisfies the above cross-sectional crystal size range may be selectively obtained.
- the copper foil may be copper foil as it has been electrolytically manufactured or rolled (so-called raw foil), or it may be in the form of a surface-treated copper foil in which at least one surface has been surface-treated.
- Various surface treatments are performed to improve or impart certain properties (e.g., rust resistance, moisture resistance, chemical resistance, acid resistance, heat resistance, and adhesion to resin films) on the surface of copper foil. can be processing.
- the surface treatment may be performed on at least one side of the copper foil, or may be performed on both sides of the copper foil. Examples of surface treatments applied to the copper foil include antirust treatment, silane treatment, roughening treatment, barrier forming treatment, and the like.
- the copper foil may be in the form of a carrier-attached copper foil provided with a carrier and a release layer for improved handling.
- the size of the copper crystal grains increases as the electrolytic copper is deposited in the thickness direction during the production of the copper foil. That is, the size of the copper crystal grains on one side and its vicinity of the electrodeposited copper foil is generally different from the size of the copper crystal grains on the other side and its vicinity. Therefore, by etching from one surface of the electrolytic copper foil, copper crystal grains with large (or small) crystal sizes can be selectively removed. In this manner, a copper foil having copper crystal grains with a predetermined cross-sectional crystal size may be prepared. The etching of the copper foil may be performed after bonding or forming the resin film 12 to the copper foil, which will be described later. It is sufficient if it is within a predetermined range.
- a laminate is formed by joining or forming a resin film 12 to the copper foil prepared in (1) above.
- the bonding of the resin film 12 to the copper foil is preferably performed by thermocompression bonding or bonding the resin film 12 prepared in advance to the copper foil.
- the temperature and pressure during the thermocompression bonding may be appropriately determined according to the type of resin forming the resin film 12, and are not particularly limited.
- the resin film 12 is formed on the copper foil by coating or applying the resin composition constituting the resin film 12 to the copper foil using a known method such as a melt extrusion method, a casting method, a coating method, or the like. preferably done. By doing so, the resin film 12 can be formed directly on the copper foil (in situ formation).
- the resin film is formed such that the copper crystal grains on the surface of the electrodeposited copper foil to which the resin film 12 is adhered and in the vicinity thereof are smaller than the copper crystal grains in the opposite surface and the vicinity thereof.
- 12 is bonded or formed to a copper foil.
- the heating element 10 having the heating wire 14 and optionally the bus bar 16 formed on the surface of the resin film 12 is obtained.
- the processing of the copper foil is not particularly limited as long as it is performed based on a known technique.
- a method such as a subtractive method, a semi-additive method, a modified semi-additive method as disclosed in Patent Document 4 can be used to form the heating wire 14 in a predetermined pattern and optionally the bus bar 16.
- an additional resin film may be joined or formed on the heating element 10 so as to sandwich the formed heating wire 14 .
- the bonding or forming of the additional resin film may be, for example, similar to the bonding or forming of the resin film 12 to the copper foil described above, and is not particularly limited.
- the laminated glass heating element 10 is preferably used for laminated glass. That is, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, laminated glass is provided that includes a pair of glass plates and a heating element 10 sandwiched between the pair of glass plates.
- the configuration of the laminated glass is not particularly limited, and a known configuration can be adopted except for the provision of the heating element 10 described above.
- the heating element 10 may be arranged so that the heating wire 14 is stretched over the entire surface of the glass plate, or arranged so that the heating wire 14 is provided only in a specific area of the glass plate. There may be. Commercially available vehicle glass or the like can be used as the glass plate, and the glass plate is not particularly limited.
- the defroster heating element 10 and laminated glass with it are preferably used in a defroster. That is, according to a preferred aspect of the present invention, there is provided a defroster including the above-described laminated glass and a voltage supply unit connected to the laminated glass and capable of applying voltage to the heating element 10 .
- the configuration of the defroster is not particularly limited, and a known configuration can be adopted except for the provision of the heating element 10 described above.
- the heating element 10 includes the bus bar 16 described above, it is preferable that the bus bar 16 and a voltage supply unit (an external power source, etc.) are electrically connected.
- a defroster is preferably used in a vehicle in which the supply voltage to electrical components is 24V or higher (eg, about 48V). According to the defroster of the present invention, even when the voltage supplied to electrical components is higher than that of a conventional vehicle, such as in a mild hybrid vehicle, it is possible to suppress a rapid temperature rise. As a result, the window glass of the vehicle can be appropriately warmed, and frost formation, icing formation, fogging, and the like can be prevented or removed.
- Examples 1-4 Four types of copper foil were prepared, and a resin film was bonded to these copper foils to obtain a laminate. The obtained laminated plate was processed to produce a heating element, and various evaluations were performed. Specifically, it is as follows.
- Example 4 a commercially available carrier-attached copper foil comprising a carrier, a release layer, and an ultra-thin copper foil (electrolytic copper foil) with a thickness of 2 ⁇ m was prepared.
- FIG. 1 A heating element 10 provided with a bus bar 16 was produced. Specifically, a dry film was attached to the surface of the laminate on the copper foil side to form an etching resist layer. Then, this etching resist layer was exposed and developed to form a predetermined etching pattern. Thereafter, etching was performed with a copper etchant to remove the etching resist. Thus, 67 wavy heating wires 14 having a height of 2 ⁇ m, a width of 30 ⁇ m, and a length of 8 cm connected to the bus bars 16 were formed to obtain the heating element 10 .
- the cross-sectional crystal size of the copper crystal grains forming the copper wire was measured as follows. First, from the surface of the heating element 10 on the side of the heating wire 14 and the bus bar 16, a cross section was processed in the thickness direction by a cross section polisher (CP) under the condition of an acceleration voltage of 5 kV. After that, the cross section of the heating wire 14 was observed using an FE gun type scanning electron microscope (Carl Zeiss, Crossbeam 540) equipped with an EBSD detector (Oxford Instruments, Symmetry).
- EBSD data was obtained using EBSD measurement software (AZtec 5.0 HF1 manufactured by Oxford Instruments), and the obtained EBSD data was converted to OIM format.
- the measurement conditions of the scanning electron microscope during observation were as follows. However, among the following conditions, observation conditions such as the area width and the area height can be appropriately selected depending on the size of the heating element 10 and/or the heating wire 14 .
- the crystal distribution is measured using crystal size calculation software (manufactured by AMETEK, OIM Analysis v7.3.1 x64), and the cross section of the copper crystal grains constituting the copper wire and bus bar 16.
- the crystal size (average crystal size, "Grain Size-Average Area” section on the software) was calculated. The results were as shown in Table 1. In the measurement of the crystal distribution, a misorientation of 5° or more was regarded as a crystal grain boundary. However, since the crystal structure of copper is a cubic crystal structure, in consideration of the twin grain boundaries, the cases corresponding to the following (i) or (ii) were not regarded as grain boundaries.
- the temperature rise rate was measured as follows. First, in a room temperature environment (approximately 25° C.), the heating element 10 was placed on a workbench so that the heating wire 14 faced outward, and a power source (voltage supply unit) was connected to the bus bar 16 . Then, using an infrared thermography camera (FLIR C3, manufactured by FLIR Systems), after adjusting the entire heating element 10 to be within the measurement field of view, a box measurement displaying the minimum and maximum temperatures within the measurement field of view was performed. and the maximum temperature of the heating element 10 was read. After that, a voltage of 1.5 V was applied from the power supply to the heating element 10 for 1 minute to raise the temperature of the heating element 10 .
- FLIR C3 infrared thermography camera
- the maximum temperature of the heating element 10 was read one minute after voltage application in the same manner as before the voltage application. The difference between the maximum temperatures of the heating element 10 before and after voltage application was taken as the temperature rise. The above operation was performed twice for each example, and the average value of the elevated temperatures was calculated. The results were as shown in Table 1.
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Abstract
Description
[態様1]
樹脂フィルムと、
前記樹脂フィルムの少なくとも一方の表面に設けられる、銅線を含む発熱線と、
を備え、前記銅線を構成する銅結晶粒の断面結晶サイズが1.5μm未満である、発熱体。
[態様2]
前記発熱線の厚さが70μm以下である、態様1に記載の発熱体。
[態様3]
前記発熱線の線幅が1μm以上30μm以下である、態様1又は2に記載の発熱体。
[態様4]
前記発熱線が、線状、波線状、格子状及び網状からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のパターンで設けられる、態様1~3のいずれか一つに記載の発熱体。
[態様5]
前記樹脂フィルムの厚さが1μm以上1000μm以下である、態様1~4のいずれか一つに記載の発熱体。
[態様6]
前記樹脂フィルムが、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む、態様1~5のいずれか一つに記載の発熱体。
[態様7]
前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂がポリビニルブチラール樹脂である、態様6に記載の発熱体。
[態様8]
追加樹脂フィルムをさらに備え、前記発熱線が前記追加樹脂フィルムと前記樹脂フィルムとの間に挟み込まれる、態様1~7のいずれか一つに記載の発熱体。
[態様9]
1対のガラス板と、
前記1対のガラス板に挟み込まれた態様1~8のいずれか一つに記載の発熱体と、
を備えた、合わせガラス。
[態様10]
態様9に記載の合わせガラスと、
前記合わせガラスに接続され、前記発熱体に電圧を印加可能な電圧供給部と、
を備えた、デフロスタ。
[態様11]
電装品への供給電圧が24V以上である車両に用いられる、態様10に記載のデフロスタ。
図1に本発明の発熱体の一例を示す。図1に示される発熱体10は、樹脂フィルム12及び発熱線14を備える。発熱線14は銅線を含み、樹脂フィルム12の少なくとも一方の表面に設けられる。そして、銅線を構成する銅結晶粒の断面結晶サイズは1.5μm未満である。このように、銅線を含む発熱体10において、銅線を構成する銅結晶粒の断面結晶サイズを1.5μm未満に制御することで、高い供給電圧であっても急激な温度上昇を抑制することが可能となる。
発熱体10の製造方法は特に限定されず、既に知られる発熱体及びデフロスタの製造方法の諸条件を適宜変更することにより作製することができる。例えば、(1)所定の断面結晶サイズを有する銅箔を用意し、(2)銅箔に樹脂フィルムを接合又は形成し、(3)銅箔を加工して所定パターンの発熱線を形成することにより、発熱体10を好ましく製造することができる。以下、工程(1)~(3)の各々について説明する。
銅結晶粒の断面結晶サイズが1.5μm未満である銅箔を用意する。銅箔は電解銅箔及び圧延銅箔のいずれであってもよいが、好ましくは電解銅箔である。電解銅箔を製造する場合、銅箔を電解製箔する際の添加剤濃度や電流密度等を変更することで、断面結晶サイズを制御することができる。あるいは、上記断面結晶サイズの範囲を満たす市販の銅箔を選択的に入手してもよい。
上記(1)で用意した銅箔に樹脂フィルム12を接合又は形成して積層板を形成する。樹脂フィルム12の銅箔への接合は、予め用意した樹脂フィルム12を銅箔に熱圧着ないし接着することにより行うのが好ましい。熱圧着時の温度及び圧力は、樹脂フィルム12を構成する樹脂の種類に応じて適宜決定すればよく、特に限定されない。
銅箔を加工することで、樹脂フィルム12の表面に発熱線14及び所望によりブスバー16が形成された発熱体10を得る。銅箔の加工は、公知の手法に基づいて行えばよく特に限定されない。例えば、特許文献4に開示されるような、サブトラクティブ法、セミアディティブ法、モディファイドセミアディティブ法等の手法を使用して所定パターンの発熱線14及び所望によりブスバー16を形成することができる。
発熱体10は、合わせガラスに用いられるのが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の好ましい態様によれば、1対のガラス板と、当該1対のガラス板に挟みこまれた発熱体10とを備えた、合わせガラスが提供される。
発熱体10及びそれを備えた合わせガラスは、デフロスタに用いられるのが好ましい。すなわち、本発明の好ましい態様によれば、上述した合わせガラスと、この合わせガラスに接続され、発熱体10に電圧を印加可能な電圧供給部とを備えた、デフロスタが提供される。
銅箔を4種類用意し、これらの銅箔に樹脂フィルムを接合して積層板を得た。得られた積層板を加工して発熱体を作製し、各種評価を行った。具体的には以下のとおりである。
例1~3について、表1に示される断面結晶サイズを有する市販の銅箔(電解銅箔、厚さ12μm)を用意した。なお、表1に示す銅箔の断面結晶サイズは、後述するエッチングによる厚さ調整を行う前の積層板に対して、走査型電子顕微鏡による観察条件(測定領域の幅及び高さ)を変更したこと以外は評価(4a)と同様の方法で測定を行うことにより算出したものである。
可塑剤としてジヘキシルアジピン酸が配合された市販のポリビニルブチラール樹脂フィルム(厚さ:760μm)を用意した。このポリビニルブチラール樹脂フィルム及び上記(1)で用意した銅箔を積層した。このとき、例4については、極薄銅箔の表面が樹脂フィルムと当接するように積層した。銅箔及び樹脂フィルムを温度110℃、圧力0.4MPa、時間20秒以下の条件で熱圧着し、銅箔及び樹脂フィルムが接合された積層板を得た。その後、例1~3については、銅箔の厚さが2μmとなるまで積層板の銅箔側表面に対して希硫酸によるエッチングを行った。一方、例4については、熱圧着後、キャリアを積層板から剥離した。
エッチング後又はキャリア剥離後の積層板に対してサブトラクティブ法により回路形成を行うことで、図1に示されるように、樹脂フィルム12の一方の表面に発熱線14及びブスバー16が設けられた発熱体10を作製した。具体的には、積層板の銅箔側の表面にドライフィルムを張り合わせて、エッチングレジスト層を形成した。そして、このエッチングレジスト層に露光及び現像を行い、所定のエッチングパターンを形成した。その後、銅エッチング液でエッチングを行い、エッチングレジストを剥離した。こうして、ブスバー16に接続された高さ2μm、線幅30μm及び長さ8cmの波線状の発熱線14を67本形成し、発熱体10を得た。
こうして得られた発熱体について、各種特性の評価を以下のとおり行った。
得られた発熱体10を用いて銅線を構成する銅結晶粒の断面結晶サイズを以下のとおり測定した。まず、発熱体10の発熱線14及びブスバー16側の表面から厚さ方向に向かって、クロスセクションポリッシャ(CP)により加速電圧5kVの条件で断面加工を行った。その後、発熱線14の断面に対して、EBSD検出器(Oxford Instruments社製、Symmetry)を搭載したFE銃型の走査型電子顕微鏡(カールツァイス株式会社製、Crossbeam540)を用いて観察を行った。そして、EBSD測定ソフト(Oxford Instruments社製、AZtec5.0 HF1)を用いてEBSDデータを取得し、得られたEBSDデータをOIM形式に変換した。観察時の走査型電子顕微鏡の測定条件は以下のとおりとした。ただし、下記条件のうち、領域幅や領域の高さ等の観察条件は発熱体10及び/又は発熱線14のサイズによって適切な値を選択し得る。
<走査型電子顕微鏡測定条件>
‐加速電圧:10.00kV
‐ステップサイズ:10nm
‐領域幅:5.86μm
‐領域の高さ:4.4μm
‐Scan Phase:Cu
‐試料角度:70°
(i)<111>軸周りに60°回転の方位関係にある双晶粒界
(ii)<110>軸周りに38.9°回転の方位関係にある双晶粒界
得られた発熱体10を用いて昇温速度の計測を以下のようにして行った。まず、室温環境下(約25℃)において、発熱線14が外側を向くように発熱体10を作業台に載置するとともに、ブスバー16に電源(電圧供給部)を接続した。そして、赤外線サーモグラフィカメラ(フリアーシステムズ社製、FLIR C3)を用いて、発熱体10全体が測定視野内に入るように調整した後、測定視野内の最小温度及び最大温度を表示するボックス測定を行い、発熱体10の最大温度を読み取った。その後、電源から1.5Vの電圧を発熱体10に1分間印加することで、発熱体10を昇温させた。上記赤外線サーモグラフィカメラを用いて、電圧印加前と同様にして、電圧印加後1分経過時の発熱体10の最大温度を読み取った。そして、電圧印加前後の発熱体10の最大温度の差を昇温温度とした。以上の操作を各例につき2回ずつ行い、昇温温度の平均値を算出した。結果は表1に示されるとおりであった。
Claims (11)
- 樹脂フィルムと、
前記樹脂フィルムの少なくとも一方の表面に設けられる、銅線を含む発熱線と、
を備え、前記銅線を構成する銅結晶粒の断面結晶サイズが1.5μm未満である、発熱体。 - 前記発熱線の厚さが70μm以下である、請求項1に記載の発熱体。
- 前記発熱線の線幅が1μm以上30μm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の発熱体。
- 前記発熱線が、線状、波線状、格子状及び網状からなる群から選択される少なくとも1種のパターンで設けられる、請求項1又は2に記載の発熱体。
- 前記樹脂フィルムの厚さが1μm以上1000μm以下である、請求項1又は2に記載の発熱体。
- 前記樹脂フィルムが、ポリビニルアセタール樹脂を含む、請求項1又は2に記載の発熱体。
- 前記ポリビニルアセタール樹脂がポリビニルブチラール樹脂である、請求項6に記載の発熱体。
- 追加樹脂フィルムをさらに備え、前記発熱線が前記追加樹脂フィルムと前記樹脂フィルムとの間に挟み込まれる、請求項1又は2に記載の発熱体。
- 1対のガラス板と、
前記1対のガラス板に挟み込まれた請求項1又は2に記載の発熱体と、
を備えた、合わせガラス。 - 請求項9に記載の合わせガラスと、
前記合わせガラスに接続され、前記発熱体に電圧を印加可能な電圧供給部と、
を備えた、デフロスタ。 - 電装品への供給電圧が24V以上である車両に用いられる、請求項10に記載のデフロスタ。
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| CN202380017623.7A CN118575579A (zh) | 2022-01-28 | 2023-01-20 | 发热体、夹层玻璃以及除霜器 |
| JP2023576884A JPWO2023145661A1 (ja) | 2022-01-28 | 2023-01-20 | |
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