WO2022270287A1 - 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 - Google Patents
液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及び液晶表示素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022270287A1 WO2022270287A1 PCT/JP2022/022806 JP2022022806W WO2022270287A1 WO 2022270287 A1 WO2022270287 A1 WO 2022270287A1 JP 2022022806 W JP2022022806 W JP 2022022806W WO 2022270287 A1 WO2022270287 A1 WO 2022270287A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
- C08L79/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
- C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1337—Surface-induced orientation of the liquid crystal molecules, e.g. by alignment layers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L2205/00—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features
- C08L2205/02—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group
- C08L2205/025—Polymer mixtures characterised by other features containing two or more polymers of the same C08L -group containing two or more polymers of the same hierarchy C08L, and differing only in parameters such as density, comonomer content, molecular weight, structure
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a liquid crystal aligning agent, a liquid crystal aligning film, and a liquid crystal display element that can provide a liquid crystal aligning film that has a small variation in the twist angle of liquid crystals, can suppress AC afterimages, and is less prone to substrate peeling.
- a liquid crystal display device includes, for example, a liquid crystal layer sandwiched between an element substrate and a color filter substrate, a pixel electrode and a common electrode for applying an electric field to the liquid crystal layer, an alignment film for controlling the orientation of liquid crystal molecules in the liquid crystal layer, A thin film transistor (TFT) or the like is provided for switching an electric signal supplied to the pixel electrode.
- TFT thin film transistor
- Known methods for driving liquid crystal molecules include vertical electric field methods such as the TN (Twisted Nematic) method and VA (Vertical Alignment) method, and horizontal electric field methods such as the IPS (In Plane Switching) method and the FFS (Fringe Field Switching) method. It is
- the liquid crystal alignment film that is most widely used industrially is formed on an electrode substrate, and the surface of a film made of polyamic acid and/or polyimide imidized thereof is covered with a cloth such as cotton, nylon, or polyester. It is produced by rubbing in one direction, that is, by performing a so-called rubbing process.
- the rubbing treatment is a simple and useful method with excellent productivity.
- Liquid crystal alignment films used in liquid crystal display elements of the IPS driving method and the FFS driving method require a high alignment regulating force for suppressing afterimages (hereinafter also referred to as AC afterimages) generated by long-term AC driving.
- AC afterimages afterimages
- the alignment treatment is performed by a photo-alignment method, the amount of light irradiation is a factor that affects the energy cost and the production speed, so it is preferable that the alignment treatment can be performed with a small amount of light irradiation.
- the size of the liquid crystal display element increases, a problem arises that the twist angle of the liquid crystal within the plane of the liquid crystal display element varies slightly due to variations in the manufacturing process.
- an object of the present invention is to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film that has a small variation (non-uniformity) in the twist angle of the liquid crystal in the plane of the liquid crystal alignment film and can suppress the AC afterimage, and at the time of manufacturing the liquid crystal display device.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent that can obtain a liquid crystal aligning film that is difficult to peel off from a substrate in such as, a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from the liquid crystal aligning agent, and a liquid crystal display element using the liquid crystal aligning film.
- the present invention specifically has the following aspects.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent characterized by containing the following (A) component and (B) component.
- Component (A) As a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, it has a structural unit (a-1Ta) represented by the following formula (1Ta), and as a structural unit derived from a diamine, represented by the following formula (1Da). Polyamic acid ester (A) having two or more types of structural units (a-1Da).
- Component (B) As a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, it has a structural unit (b-1Tb) represented by the following formula (1Tb), and as a structural unit derived from a diamine, represented by the following formula (1Db). Polyamic acid (B) having a structural unit (b-1Db).
- R 11 to R 14 each independently represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, group, a monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms containing a fluorine atom, or a phenyl group, and at least one of R 11 to R 14 represents a group other than a hydrogen atom as defined above.
- Each 1 independently represents a hydrogen atom or a tert-alkyl group, at least one of which represents a tert-alkyl group.
- Y 1 is a divalent organic group represented by the following formula (H 1 ). Each Z independently represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group. ) (In formula (H 1 ), Ar 1 and Ar 1 ′ each independently represent a benzene ring, a biphenyl structure, or a naphthalene ring .
- A represents a divalent organic group having an alkylene structure and having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- a halogen atom includes a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, an iodine atom and the like.
- "Tert-" meaning tertiary is also referred to as "t-”.
- a Boc group represents a tert-butoxycarbonyl group. * represents a bond.
- the liquid crystal aligning film which can suppress an AC afterimage with little dispersion
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains a specific polyamic acid ester (A) and polyamic acid (B) as polymer components. Since the polyamic acid ester (A) has a highly hydrophobic t-alkyl ester structure, the formation of hydrogen bonds with the polyamic acid (B) is suppressed, and the component to the air interface when used as a liquid crystal alignment film. The migration becomes high, and the uneven distribution of the polyamic acid ester at the liquid crystal interface becomes high. In addition, since the polyamic acid ester (A) having a bulky structure has a t-alkyl ester that is easily eliminated when the coating film is baked, thermal imidization proceeds more easily than with a normal methyl ester structure. It becomes difficult for the t-alkyl ester to remain in the resulting liquid crystal alignment film.
- liquid crystal alignment film that can be obtained is obtained.
- polyamic acid ester (A) for example, when R 1 is a t-butyl group, isobutene is eliminated during firing, and imidization proceeds via polyamic acid, so the obtained liquid crystal The film strength of the alignment film is also improved.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains the polyamic acid (B) and has a highly polar structure, it is thought that a liquid crystal aligning film that is less prone to substrate peeling can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an example of a lateral electric field liquid crystal display device of the present invention
- FIG. 4 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing another example of the horizontal electric field liquid crystal display device of the present invention
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a structural unit (a-1Ta) represented by the above formula (1Ta) as a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative, and a structural unit derived from a diamine having the above formula (1Da).
- a-1Ta structural unit represented by the above formula (1Ta)
- a diamine having the above formula (1Da) a structural unit derived from a diamine having the above formula (1Da).
- the polymer (A) may be composed of one type or two or more types.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) has two or more types of structural units (a-1Da) represented by the above formula (1Da), thereby achieving an appropriate balance with respect to multiple properties such as high alignment control force and high photosensitivity. Therefore, it is possible to obtain a liquid crystal alignment film capable of suppressing an AC afterimage and reduce the
- All the repeating units of the polyamic acid ester (A) of the present invention may have an amic acid ester structure, or a part of the repeating units may have an amic acid ester structure.
- the remaining repeating units may have an amic acid structure, or may have an imidized structure of the amic acid structure.
- the remaining repeating units it may have a repeating unit with an amic acid structure and a repeating unit with an imidized structure.
- alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms in R 11 to R 14 in the formula (1Ta) representing the structural unit derived from the tetracarboxylic acid derivative of the polyamic acid ester (A) include: Examples include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, isopropyl group, n-butyl group, isobutyl group, sec-butyl group, t-butyl group, n-pentyl group and the like.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms in R 11 to R 14 include a vinyl group, a propenyl group, a butynyl group and the like, and these may be linear or branched.
- alkynyl groups having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 4 carbon atoms in R 11 to R 14 include ethynyl group, 1-propynyl group and 2-propynyl group.
- the fluorine atom-containing monovalent organic group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 4 carbon atoms for R 11 to R 14 is fluoromethyl group, trifluoromethyl group, pentafluoroethyl group, pentafluoropropyl and the like.
- R 11 to R 14 is that, from the viewpoint of high photoreactivity, R 11 to R 14 are hydrogen atoms or methyl groups, and at least one of R 11 to R 14 is a methyl group. , R 11 to R 14 are more preferably methyl groups. More preferably, R 11 and R 14 are methyl groups and R 12 and R 13 are hydrogen atoms.
- the t-alkyl group of R 1 of the polyamic acid ester (A) is a t-alkyl group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, preferably 4 to 7 carbon atoms. Specific examples include t-butyl group, t-pentyl group, t-hexyl group and t-heptyl group. Among them, a t-butyl group is preferred.
- the structural unit (a-1Ta) of the polyamic acid ester (A) of the present invention is, from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention, 1 mol of all structural units derived from the tetracarboxylic acid derivative of the polyamic acid ester (A). is preferably 5 mol % or more, more preferably 25 mol % or more, and even more preferably 60 mol % or more.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) of the present invention may have a structural unit (a-2Ta) represented by the following formula (2Ta) as a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative.
- a-2Ta a structural unit represented by the following formula (2Ta) as a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative.
- Two R 2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- X 2a represents a tetravalent organic group, provided that X 2a is 4 represented by the following formula (g).
- R2 represents a hydrogen atom.
- R 11′ to R 14′ are synonymous with R 11 to R 14 in formula (1Ta) above.
- the monovalent organic group for R 2 in the above formula (2Ta) is a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and the methylene group of the hydrocarbon group is -O-, - S—, —CO—, —COO—, —COS—, —NR 3 — (where R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), —CO—NR 3 - (provided that R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms), -Si(R 3 ) 2 - (provided that R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a to 10 monovalent hydrocarbon groups), a monovalent group A substituted with —SO 2 — or the like, the above monovalent hydrocarbon group or a hydrogen bonded to a carbon atom of the above monovalent group A at least one of the atoms is a halogen atom, a hydroxy group
- Examples of the monovalent organic group for R 2 in the above formula (2Ta) include, among others, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, and t-butoxycarbonyl. or a 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl group, more preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and even more preferably a methyl group.
- the two R 2 are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.
- tetravalent organic group of X 2a in the above formula (2Ta) include, in addition to the tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g), the following tetracarboxylic dianhydrides (hereinafter collectively referred to as (also referred to as other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.) with two acid anhydride groups removed.
- tetracarboxylic dianhydrides hereinafter collectively referred to as (also referred to as other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides.) with two acid anhydride groups removed.
- Acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydrides such as 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride; 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3 ,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′-dicyclohexyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2,3, 5-Tricarboxycyclopentylacetic acid dianhydride, 4-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2-dicarboxylic dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3 -yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-1,3-dione, 5-(2,
- More preferred examples of the other tetracarboxylic dianhydrides include 1,2,3,4-butanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,3,4-cyclobutanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1, 2,3,4-cyclopentanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 1,2,4,5-cyclohexanetetracarboxylic dianhydride, 3,3′,4,4′-dicyclohexyltetracarboxylic dianhydride, 2 , 3,5-tricarboxycyclopentyl acetic acid dianhydride, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-c]furan-1, 3-dione, 5-(2,5-dioxotetrahydrofuran-3-yl)-8-methyl-3a,4,5,9b-tetrahydronaphtho[1,2-c]fur
- the tetravalent organic group of X 2a in the above formula (2Ta) is more preferably a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g) from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- the ratio of the structural units represented by the formula (2Ta) in the polyamic acid ester (A) is 95 mol% or less with respect to 1 mol of all structural units derived from the tetracarboxylic acid derivative in the polyamic acid ester (A).
- Y 1 in the above formula (1Da) is a divalent organic group represented by the above formula (H 1 ).
- L 1 and L 1' are as described above.
- a monovalent organic group in which a part of the hydrogen atoms of the group is substituted with at least one of a halogen atom and a hydroxy group can be mentioned.
- the monovalent group which is a substituent of any hydrogen atom on the ring of Ar 1 and Ar 1′ in the above formula (H 1 ) includes a halogen atom; an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Alkyl group with 1 to 3 carbon atoms partially substituted with halogen atom or hydroxy group; an alkoxy group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; an alkenyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms; an acyl group having 2 to 3 carbon atoms; an alkylsilyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; an alkoxysilyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A monovalent group such as a nitrile group can be mentioned.
- Ar 1 and Ar 1′ in the above formula (H 1 ) include 1,4-phenylene, 1,3-phenylene, 2-methyl-1,4-phenylene, 2-ethyl-1,4-phenylene , 2-propyl-1,4-phenylene, 2-butyl-1,4-phenylene, 2-isopropyl-1,4-phenylene, 2-t-butyl-1,4-phenylene, 2-methoxy-1,4 -phenylene, 2-ethoxy-1,4-phenylene, 2-propoxy-1,4-phenylene, 2-butoxy-1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene, 2,3-dimethyl-1 ,4-phenylene, 4-methyl-1,3-phenylene, 5-methyl-1,3-phenylene, 4-fluoro-1,3-phenylene, 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-1,4- Benzene ring optionally having a substituent such as phenylene; 4,4'-biphen
- a in the above formula (H 1 ) is a divalent organic group having an alkylene structure.
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a monovalent organic group.
- Two R's may be the same or different.
- n is an integer of 1-10, more preferably an integer of 2-10, more preferably an integer of 2-6.
- m1 and m2 are each independently an integer of 0 to 4, n' is an integer of 1 to 6, and the sum of m1, m2 and n' is 1 to 8.
- n1 and n2 in *-(CH 2 ) n1 -O-(CH 2 ) n2 -* are each independently an integer of 1-6, and the sum of n1 and n2 is 2-10.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) is represented by the above formula (1Da), in which Y 1 is a divalent organic group having three or more benzene rings as a diamine-derived structural unit. It preferably contains at least one structural unit represented.
- the benzene ring in the "divalent organic group having 3 or more benzene rings” includes a benzene ring constituting a condensed ring.
- At least one of Y 1 is a divalent organic compound represented by the formula (H 1 ) in which Ar 1 and Ar 1' have the same structure.
- a structural unit represented by the formula (1Da) wherein at least one of the other Y 1 is a divalent organic group represented by the formula (H 1 ) in which Ar 1 and Ar 1′ have different structures
- Ar 1 and Ar 1′ have different structures
- a preferable combination when Ar 1 and Ar 1′ have the same structure is a combination of the biphenyl structure optionally having the above substituent and the biphenyl structure optionally having the above substituent, and A combination of a naphthalene ring which may be substituted with a naphthalene ring which may have one of the above substituents may be mentioned.
- a combination of a benzene ring optionally having the above substituent and a biphenyl structure optionally having the above substituent A combination of a benzene ring which may have a substituent and a naphthalene ring which may have a substituent, and a combination of a biphenyl structure which may have a substituent and a naphthalene ring which may have a substituent. mentioned.
- Y 1 in the above formula (1Da) is preferably a divalent organic group represented by any one of the following formulas (h1-1) to (h1-13) from the viewpoint of favorably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- the bonding positions of the benzene ring are preferably the 1- and 4-positions, and the bonding positions of the naphthalene ring are preferably the 2- and 6-positions.
- the total number of —CH 2 — is 10 or less.
- formulas (h1-7) and (h1-8) the total number of —CH 2 — is 8 or less, and two m may be the same or different.
- the ratio of the structural unit (a-1Da) contained in the polyamic acid ester (A) is preferably 5 to 95 mol% with respect to 1 mol of all diamine-derived structural units possessed by the polyamic acid ester (A), 10 to 95 mol % is more preferred, and 20 to 80 mol % is even more preferred.
- the monovalent organic group of Z in the above formula (1Da) includes a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and the methylene group of the hydrocarbon group is -O-, -S-, -CO-, - COO-, -COS-, -NR 3 -, -CO-NR 3 -, -Si(R 3 ) 2 - (where R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a monovalent hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms) ), the monovalent group A substituted with —SO 2 —, etc., the monovalent hydrocarbon group, or at least one of the hydrogen atoms bonded to the carbon atoms of the monovalent group A is a halogen atom, hydroxy group, alkoxy group, nitro group, amino group, mercapto group, nitroso group, alkylsilyl group, alkoxysilyl group, silanol group, sulfino group, phosphino group, carboxy group
- the monovalent organic group for Z in the above formula (1Da) includes, among others, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms, or tert-butoxycarbonyl. is preferred, an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms is more preferred, and a methyl group is even more preferred.
- Two Zs in the above formula (1Da) are each independently preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) used in the present invention may contain other diamine-derived structural units (a-1Da-2) other than the structural units (a-1Da) as diamine-derived structural units. good.
- the structural unit (a-1Da-2) may be of one type or two or more types. Examples of other diamines in the structural unit (a-1Da-2) derived from other diamines include the following.
- p-phenylenediamine 2,3,5,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine, 2,5-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine, m-phenylenediamine, 2,4-dimethyl-m-phenylenediamine, 1, 4-diamino-2,5-methoxybenzene, 2,5-diaminotoluene, 2,6-diaminotoluene, 4-aminobenzylamine, 2-(4-aminophenyl)ethylamine, 4-(2-(methylamino) ethyl)aniline, 4-(2-aminoethyl)aniline, 2-(6-aminonaphthyl)ethylamine, 2,2'-dimethyl-4,4'-diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,4' -diaminobiphenyl, 3,3'-dimethoxy-4,4'-diaminobiphen
- At least one nitrogen atom-containing structure selected from the group consisting of a nitrogen atom-containing heterocycle, a secondary or tertiary amino group, typified by a diamine having a diphenylamine structure of -N(D)- (D represents a protective group that is eliminated by heating and replaced with a hydrogen atom. ) except amino groups derived from Hereinafter, it is also referred to as a specific nitrogen atom-containing structure. );
- 2,4-diaminophenol 3,5-diaminophenol, 3,5-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 2,4-diaminobenzyl alcohol, 4,6-diaminoresorcinol, 4,4'-diamino-3,3'-dihydroxy Biphenyl; 2,4-diaminobenzoic acid, 2,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 3,5-diaminobenzoic acid, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-3-carboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane-3-carboxylic acid acid, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylethane-3-carboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-3,3'-dicarboxylic acid, 4,4'-diaminobiphenyl-2,2'-dicarboxylic acid, 3, 3'-diaminobiphenyl-4,4'-dicarboxylic acid
- m and n are integers of 0 to 3 (provided that 1 ⁇ m + n ⁇ 4), j is an integer of 0 or 1,
- X 1 is -(CH 2 ) a- (a is an integer of 1 to 15), -CONH-, -NHCO-, -CO-N(CH 3 )-, -NH-, -O-, -CH 2 O-, - represents CH 2 —OCO—, —COO—, or —OCO—, where R 1 is a fluorine atom, a fluorine atom-containing alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a fluorine atom-containing alkoxy group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or represents an alkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, or an alkoxyalkyl group having 3 to 10 carbon atoms, wherein X 2 is —O—, —CH 2
- D in -N(D)- of the other diamines described above is a carbamate-based organic compound represented by a benzyloxycarbonyl group, a 9-fluorenylmethyloxycarbonyl group, an allyloxycarbonyl group, a Boc group, and the like. groups are preferred.
- the Boc group is particularly preferred from the viewpoint that it is efficiently desorbed by heat, is desorbed at a relatively low temperature, and is discharged as a harmless gas when desorbed.
- diamines having a thermally leaving group are diamines selected from the following formulas (d-1) to (d-7).
- R represents a hydrogen atom or a Boc group.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) used in the present invention has a structural unit (a-1Da-2), it contains a structural unit derived from the specific diamine (1) from the viewpoint of suitably obtaining the effects of the present invention. is more preferable.
- the structural unit derived from the specific diamine (1) is preferably 5 to 95 mol%, more preferably 5 to 90, with respect to 1 mol of all structural units derived from the diamine contained in the polyamic acid ester (A). mol %, more preferably 20 to 80 mol %.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) has a structure derived from the diamine having the thermally releasable group as the structural unit (a-1Da-2), from the viewpoint of enhancing the two-layer separability from the polyamic acid (B). May contain units.
- the structural unit derived from the diamine having the thermally leaving group is preferably 5 to 40 mol% with respect to 1 mol of all structural units derived from the diamine contained in the polyamic acid ester (A), more preferably It is 5 to 35 mol %, more preferably 5 to 30 mol %.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention has a structural unit (b-1Tb) represented by the above formula (1Tb) as a structural unit derived from a tetracarboxylic acid derivative together with the polyamic acid ester (A), and has a diamine-derived structural unit (b-1Tb).
- a structural unit it contains a polyamic acid (B) having a structural unit (b-1Db) represented by the above formula (1Db).
- the polyamic acid (B) may be composed of one type or two or more types. Further, each of the structural units constituting the polyamic acid (B) may be composed of one type or two or more types.
- the polyamic acid (B) preferably does not have the structural unit (a-1Ta) and the structural unit (a-1Da) of the polyamic acid ester (A) in the same molecule.
- the tetravalent organic group for X b in the above formula (1Tb) includes a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two acid dianhydride groups from an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an alicyclic tetracarboxylic acid
- a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two dianhydride groups from an acid dianhydride or a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two acid dianhydride groups from an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride specifically Examples include the tetravalent organic groups exemplified for X 2a above.
- the aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an aromatic ring.
- An acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups bonded to a chain hydrocarbon structure. However, it does not need to be composed only of a chain hydrocarbon structure, and may have an alicyclic structure or an aromatic ring structure in part thereof.
- An alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is an acid dianhydride obtained by intramolecular dehydration of four carboxy groups including at least one carboxy group bonded to an alicyclic structure. However, none of these four carboxy groups are bonded to the aromatic ring. Moreover, it is not necessary to consist only of an alicyclic structure, and a part thereof may have a chain hydrocarbon structure or an aromatic ring structure.
- the tetravalent organic group in Xb has at least one partial structure selected from the group consisting of a benzene ring, a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure and a cyclohexane ring structure.
- Tetracarboxylic dianhydrides are preferred.
- More preferable X b includes a tetravalent organic group represented by the above formula (g), a structure exemplified for X 2a in the above formula (2Ta), and other tetravalent organic groups exemplified for the polyamic acid ester (A) above.
- a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two acid dianhydride groups from a carboxylic acid dianhydride is more preferable.
- the acyclic aliphatic or alicyclic tetracarboxylic dianhydride is at least one selected from the group consisting of a cyclobutane ring structure, a cyclopentane ring structure, and a cyclohexane ring structure, from the viewpoint of enhancing the liquid crystal orientation.
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having a partial structure of is preferred.
- X b is a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two acid anhydride groups from an acyclic aliphatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride, an alicyclic A structure that is a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two acid anhydride groups from the formula tetracarboxylic dianhydride, or a tetravalent organic group obtained by removing two acid anhydride groups from an aromatic tetracarboxylic dianhydride
- the unit (b-1Tb) is preferably 5 mol% or more, more preferably 10 mol% or more, relative to 1 mol of all structural units derived from the tetracarboxylic acid derivative contained in the polyamic acid (B), More preferably, it is 20 mol % or more.
- Examples of the divalent organic group in Yb of the formula ( 1Tb ) include divalent organic groups obtained by removing two amino groups from Y1 and the other diamines exemplified in the polyamic acid ester (A). be done.
- Y b is a diamine having a urea bond (for example, A in the above formula (H 1 ) represents a divalent organic group (q2), and the Diamines in which two amino groups are bonded to a divalent organic group represented by the formula (H 1 ), diamines having a urea bond as exemplified in the other diamines above, etc.), diamines having the above-mentioned amide bond, the above-mentioned specific diamine having a nitrogen atom-containing structure, the diamine having a carboxy group, 4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, 3,3'-dimethyl-4,
- the structural unit (b-1Db) represented by the formula (1Db) in which Y b is the specific divalent organic group is added to the polyamic acid ( It may be contained in an amount of 5 mol% or more, preferably 10 mol% or more preferably 20 mol% or more, relative to 1 mol of all diamine-derived structural units of B).
- Examples of the monovalent organic group for Z in the above formula (1Db) include the structures exemplified for Z in the above formula (1Da).
- the effect of the present invention especially from the viewpoint of less afterimage derived from residual DC, the content ratio of the polyamic acid ester (A) and the polyamic acid (B) is set to [polyamic acid ester (A) /polyamic acid (B)] may be 10/90 to 90/10, may be 20/80 to 90/10, or may be 20/80 to 80/20. .
- Polyamic acid esters such as polyamic acid ester (A) and polyamic acids such as polyamic acid (B) contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be produced, for example, by the following methods.
- the tetracarboxylic acid derivative not only tetracarboxylic dianhydride but also its derivatives such as tetracarboxylic acid dihalide compounds, tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl esters, and tetracarboxylic acid dialkyl ester dihalides can be used. .
- a polymer having an amic acid structure (polyamic acid) is obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic dianhydride component and the diamine component.
- the polyamic acid has a structure represented by the above formula (1Db)
- the diamine component has a structure of -N(Z)-Y 1 -N(Z)- (where Y 1 and Z are defined as is the same as above)
- a tetracarboxylic dianhydride having X b (the definition of X b is the same as above) is used.
- the polyamic acid ester (A) is, for example, a tetracarboxylic acid derivative component containing a tetracarboxylic dianhydride represented by the following formula (T 1 ) and a diamine component containing a diamine represented by the formula (D 1 ). After reacting to obtain a polyamic acid, it can be obtained as a polyamic acid ester by the method described later.
- R 11 to R 14 have the same definitions as R 11 to R 14 in formula (1Ta)
- Y 1 and Z have the same definitions as Y 1 in formula (1Ta) and Z in formula (1Da), respectively.
- the ratio of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride and the diamine used in the production of the polyamic acid is 0.2 to 2 equivalents of the acid anhydride group of the tetracarboxylic dianhydride with respect to 1 equivalent of the amino group of the diamine. and more preferably 0.3 to 1.2 equivalents.
- the reaction temperature in the production of polyamic acid is preferably -20 to 150°C, more preferably 0 to 100°C.
- the reaction time is preferably 0.1 to 24 hours, more preferably 0.5 to 12 hours.
- Polyamic acid can be produced at any concentration, preferably 1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 5 to 30% by mass. The initial stage of the reaction may be carried out at a high concentration, and then the solvent may be added.
- organic solvent used for producing the polyamic acid examples include cyclohexanone, cyclopentanone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, dimethylsulfoxide, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone.
- the polyamic acid ester can be obtained, for example, by [I] a method of reacting the polyamic acid obtained by the above method with an esterifying agent, [II] a tetracarboxylic acid diester and a diamine, preferably in an organic solvent, with a dehydration catalyst (for example, 4-(4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl)-4-methylmorpholinium halide, carbonylimidazole, phosphorus-based condensing agent, etc.), [III ] with a tetracarboxylic acid diester dihalide and a diamine, preferably in an organic solvent, with a base (e.g.
- tertiary amines such as pyridine, triethylamine, sodium hydride, potassium hydride, sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, sodium, potassium Alkali metals such as),
- Polyamic acid and dehydration condensation agent such as trifluoroacetic anhydride
- isoimidize followed by alcohol (e.g., methanol, ethanol, n- (fatty alcohols such as propanol, isopropanol, butanol, t-butanol) can be obtained by known methods such as a method of reacting.
- the tetracarboxylic diester used in [II] above can be obtained by ring-opening a tetracarboxylic dianhydride with an alcohol or the like.
- the tetracarboxylic acid diester dihalide used in the above [III] can be obtained by reacting the tetracarboxylic acid diester obtained as described above with a suitable chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride.
- a suitable chlorinating agent such as thionyl chloride.
- a more preferable method of [I] above is a method of adding an esterifying agent to a solution of polyamic acid and stirring to obtain a polyamic acid ester.
- the solvent used in this reaction the same organic solvents as exemplified as those used in the production of the polyamic acid can be mentioned.
- the reaction is carried out in an organic solvent at a reaction temperature of preferably 0-100° C., more preferably 0-50° C., for 0.5-48 hours.
- an esterification agent may be added at the time of preparation of the liquid crystal aligning agent mentioned later, and may form polyamic acid ester.
- the esterification rate can be arbitrarily adjusted by changing the addition amount of the esterifying agent used.
- the "esterification rate" referred to here is, for example, in the case of the polyamic acid ester (A), based on all the amic acid structures of the polyamic acid before being esterified, esterified to an amic acid ester structure. It is the ratio expressed in %.
- the esterification rate can be estimated from the amount of change in the peak intensity of the carboxy group using 1 H-NMR.
- the esterification rate of the polyamic acid ester (A) used in the present invention is preferably 5 to 100%, more preferably 25 to 100%, still more preferably 25 to 65%.
- the amount of the esterifying agent added in the method [I] is 0.01 to 50 molar equivalents, more preferably 0.1 to 20 molar equivalents, relative to 1 molar equivalent of the structural unit of the amic acid contained in the polyamic acid. , more preferably 1 to 10 molar equivalents.
- the esterifying agent include t-butyl 2,2,2-trichloroacetimidate, Ot-butyl-N,N'-diisopropyl isopropyl, and t-butyl-N,N'-diisopropyl isopropyl.
- Urea, N,N-dimethylformamide di-t-butyl acetal can be mentioned.
- the polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester used in the present invention preferably have a solution viscosity of, for example, 10 to 1000 mPa ⁇ s when made into a solution having a concentration of 10 to 15% by mass.
- the solution viscosity (mPa s) of the polymer is a polymer having a concentration of 10 to 15 mass% prepared using a good solvent for the polymer (eg, ⁇ -butyrolactone, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, etc.). It is a value measured at 25° C. for a solution using an E-type rotational viscometer.
- the polystyrene equivalent weight average molecular weight (Mw) measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC) of the polyamic acid and polyamic acid ester is preferably 1,000 to 500,000, more preferably 2,000 to 300,000.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw/Mn) represented by the ratio of Mw to the polystyrene equivalent number average molecular weight (Mn) measured by GPC is preferably 15 or less, more preferably 10 or less. With such a molecular weight range, good orientation and stability of the liquid crystal display device can be ensured.
- the polyamic acid ester and polyamic acid in the present invention may be converted into a terminal-blocked polymer by using an appropriate terminal-blocking agent together with the tetracarboxylic acid derivative component and the diamine component as described above. .
- the end-blocking polymer has effects of improving the film hardness of the liquid crystal alignment film obtained by the coating film and improving the adhesion properties between the sealant and the liquid crystal alignment film.
- Examples of the terminal of the polyamic acid ester (A) and polyamic acid (B) in the present invention include an amino group, a carboxyl group, an acid anhydride group, or a group derived from a terminal blocking agent to be described later.
- An amino group, a carboxyl group, and an acid anhydride group can be obtained by a normal condensation reaction, or can be obtained by terminal blocking using the following terminal blocking agents.
- Terminal blockers include, for example, acetic anhydride, maleic anhydride, nadic anhydride, phthalic anhydride, itaconic anhydride, cyclohexanedicarboxylic anhydride, 3-hydroxyphthalic anhydride, trimellitic anhydride, 3- (3-trimethoxysilyl)propyl)-3,4-dihydrofuran-2,5-dione, 4,5,6,7-tetrafluoroisobenzofuran-1,3-dione, 4-ethynylphthalic anhydride, etc.
- di-t-butyl dicarbonate dicarbonic acid diester compounds such as diallyl dicarbonate
- acryloyl chloride methacryloyl chloride, chlorocarbonyl compounds such as nicotinic acid chloride
- aniline 2-aminophenol, 3-aminophenol
- 4-aminosalicylic acid 5-aminosalicylic acid, 6-aminosalicylic acid, 2-aminobenzoic acid, 3-aminobenzoic acid, 4-aminobenzoic acid, cyclohexylamine, n-butylamine, n-pentylamine, n-hexylamine , n-heptylamine, n-octylamine and other monoamine compounds
- ethyl isocyanate phenyl isocyanate, naphthyl isocyanate, 2-acryloyloxyethyl isocyanate, 2-methacryloyloxyethyl isocyanate and other unsaturated bonds
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention contains polyamic acid ester (A) and polyamic acid (B).
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain other polymers in addition to the polyamic acid ester (A) and the polyamic acid (B). Specific examples of such other polymers include polyimide precursors other than polyamic acid ester (A) and polyamic acid (B), polyimides, polysiloxanes, polyesters, polyamides, polyureas, polyurethanes, polyorganosiloxanes, cellulose derivatives, and polyacetals.
- polystyrene derivatives examples include derivatives, polymers selected from the group consisting of poly(meth)acrylates, and the like.
- poly(styrene-maleic anhydride) copolymer examples include SMA1000, 2000 and 3000 (manufactured by Cray Valley) and GSM301 (manufactured by Gifu Shellac Mfg. Co.).
- a specific example of the poly(isobutylene-maleic anhydride) copolymer is Isovan-600 (manufactured by Kuraray Co., Ltd.).
- a specific example of the poly(vinyl ether-maleic anhydride) copolymer is Gantrez AN-139 (methyl vinyl ether maleic anhydride resin, manufactured by Ashland).
- Other polymers may be used in combination of two or more.
- the content of the other polymer is preferably 90 parts by mass or less, more preferably 10 to 90 parts by mass, and further 20 to 80 parts by mass with respect to the total 100 parts by mass of the polymer contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. preferable.
- the liquid crystal alignment agent is used to produce the liquid crystal alignment film, and takes the form of a coating liquid from the viewpoint of forming a uniform thin film.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention it is preferable that the liquid crystal aligning agent is a coating liquid containing the above-described polymer component and an organic solvent.
- the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent can be appropriately changed by setting the thickness of the coating film to be formed.
- the concentration of the polymer in the liquid crystal aligning agent is preferably 1% by mass or more from the viewpoint of forming a uniform and defect-free coating film, and is preferably 10% by mass or less from the viewpoint of the storage stability of the solution.
- a particularly preferred polymer concentration is 2 to 8% by weight.
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the polymer component uniformly.
- Specific examples include N,N-dimethylformamide, N,N-dimethylacetamide, N,N-dimethyllactamide, N,N-dimethylpropionamide, N,N-diethylpropionamide, tetramethylurea, N, N-diethylformamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ⁇ -valerolactone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone, cyclo pentanone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, N-(n-propyl)-2-pyrrolidone, N-isopropy
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 3-methoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide, 3-butoxy-N,N-dimethylpropanamide and ⁇ -butyrolactone are preferred.
- the content of the good solvent is preferably 20 to 99% by mass, more preferably 20 to 90% by mass, and particularly preferably 30 to 80% by mass of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. .
- the organic solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent is a mixture of the above solvents and a solvent (also referred to as a poor solvent) that improves the coatability and the surface smoothness of the coating film when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- a solvent also referred to as a poor solvent
- the use of solvents is preferred.
- the content of the poor solvent is preferably 1 to 80% by mass, more preferably 10 to 80% by mass, particularly preferably 20 to 70% by mass, of the total solvent contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent.
- the type and content of the poor solvent are appropriately selected according to the liquid crystal aligning agent coating device, coating conditions, coating environment, and the like. Specific examples of the poor solvent used in combination are shown below, but are not limited thereto.
- Poor solvents are, inter alia, diisobutyl carbinol, propylene glycol monobutyl ether, propylene glycol diacetate, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, dipropylene glycol dimethyl ether, 4-hydroxy-4-methyl-2-pentanone, ethylene glycol Monobutyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate or diisobutyl ketone are preferred.
- Preferred combinations of a good solvent and a poor solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, ⁇ -butyrolactone and ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention may contain components (hereinafter also referred to as additive components) other than the polymer component and the organic solvent.
- Additive components include adhesion aids for enhancing the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the substrate and the adhesion between the liquid crystal alignment film and the sealant, compounds for increasing the strength of the liquid crystal alignment film (hereinafter referred to as cross-linking compounds ), compounds for promoting imidization, and dielectrics and conductive substances for adjusting the dielectric constant and electrical resistance of the liquid crystal alignment film.
- the crosslinkable compound includes an oxiranyl group, an oxetanyl group, a protected isocyanate group, a protected isothiocyanate group, a group containing an oxazoline ring structure, a group containing a Meldrum's acid structure, a cyclocarbonate group, and A compound having at least one group selected from the group consisting of a hydroxyalkylamide bond; a phenolic compound having at least one of an alkoxymethyl group and a methylol group; and at least a compound having a polymerizable unsaturated group. It may be one compound.
- the compound having an oxiranyl group examples include ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, propylene glycol diglycidyl ether, tripropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, polypropylene glycol diglycidyl ether, neopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,6-hexanediol diglycidyl ether, glycerin diglycidyl ether, 2,2-dibromoneopentyl glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3,5,6-tetraglycidyl-2,4-hexanediol, Epicoat 828 (Mitsubishi Chemical bisphenol A type epoxy resins such as Epicoat 807 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), hydrogenated bisphenol A type epoxy resins such as YX-8000 (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), YX6954BH30 (Mitsubishi Chemical (manufactured by
- Novolak epoxy resins triglycidyl isocyanurates such as TEPIC (manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.), alicyclic epoxy resins such as Celoxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.), N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-m -xylylenediamine, 1,3-bis(N,N-diglycidylaminomethyl)cyclohexane, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-4,4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, tetrakis(glycidyloxymethyl)methane is mentioned.
- TEPIC manufactured by Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd.
- alicyclic epoxy resins such as Celoxide 2021P (manufactured by Daicel Chemical Industries, Ltd.)
- N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-m -xylylenediamine
- the compound having an oxetanyl group include compounds having two or more oxetanyl groups described in [0170] to [0175] of WO2011/132751.
- Specific examples of the compound having a protected isocyanate group include compounds having two or more protected isocyanate groups described in [0046] to [0047] of JP-A-2014-224978, [0119] of WO2015/141598. ] to [0120], and compounds having three or more protected isocyanate groups.
- Coronate AP Stable M Coronate 2503, 2515, 2507, 2513, 2555, Millionate MS-50 (manufactured by Tosoh Corporation), Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B -842N, B-846N, B-870N, B-874N, B-882N (manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc.) and the like can be preferably used. Also included are compounds having two or more protected isothiocyanate groups described in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2016-200798.
- the compound having a group containing an oxazoline ring structure include compounds containing two or more oxazoline ring structures, preferably 2,2', described in [0115] of JP-A-2007-286597. -bis(2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis(4-methyl-2-oxazoline), 2,2'-bis(5-methyl-2-oxazoline), 1,2,4-tris-(2 -oxazolinyl-2)-benzene and compounds having an oxazoline group such as Epocross (manufactured by Nippon Shokubai Co., Ltd.).
- Specific examples of the compound having a group containing a Meldrum's acid structure include compounds having two or more Meldrum's acid structures described in WO2012/091088.
- Specific examples of the compound having a cyclocarbonate group include compounds described in WO2011/155577.
- Specific examples of the compound having a hydroxyalkylamide bond include WO2015/072554, compounds described in [0058] of JP-A-2016-118753, compounds described in JP-A-2016-200798, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)adipamide is preferred.
- phenol compound having at least one of an alkoxyalkyl group and a methylol group include compounds described in WO2010/074269, preferably 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl).
- Propane 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxymethylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl)-1,1,1,3,3 , 3-hexafluoropropane.
- Examples of the compound having a polymerizable unsaturated bond include glycerin mono(meth)acrylate, glycerin di(meth)acrylate (1,2-,1,3-body mixture), glycerin tris(meth)acrylate, glycerol 1,3 - diglycerolate di(meth)acrylate, pentaerythritol tri(meth)acrylate, diethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, triethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, tetraethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate, pentaethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate ) acrylate, hexaethylene glycol mono(meth)acrylate and the like.
- crosslinkable compounds are examples of crosslinkable compounds, and are not limited to these.
- components other than the above disclosed in [0105] to [0116] on pages 55 of WO2015/060357 may be used.
- the crosslinkable compounds are, among others, N,N,N',N'-tetraglycidyl-m-xylylenediamine, 1,3-bis(N,N-diglycidylaminomethyl)cyclohexane, N,N,N' , N'-tetraglycidyl-4, 4'-diaminodiphenylmethane, Takenate B-830, B-815N, B-820NSU, B-842N, B-846N, B-870N, B-874N, B-882N, 1, 3,5-tris(2-hydroxyethyl)isocyanurate, triglycidyl isocyanurate, N,N,N',N'-tetrakis(2-hydroxyethyl)adipamide, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3 ,5-dihydroxymethylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4-hydroxy-3,5-dimethoxymethylphenyl)propane, 2,2-bis(4
- the content of the crosslinkable compound in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention is preferably 0.5 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent, and the effect of the present invention is preferably obtained. From the viewpoint of obtaining , it is more preferably 1 to 15 parts by mass.
- adhesion aid examples include 3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, 3-aminopropyldiethoxymethylsilane, 2-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, 2-aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, N-(2-aminoethyl)-3-aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltrimethoxysilane, 3-ureidopropyltriethoxysilane, N-ethoxycarbonyl-3-aminopropyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, 2-(3,4-epoxycyclohexyl)ethyltrimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysi
- silane coupling agent When using a silane coupling agent, from the viewpoint of expressing good resistance to AC afterimage, it is 0.1 to 30 parts by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the polymer component contained in the liquid crystal aligning agent. It is preferably from 0.1 to 20 parts by mass.
- Compounds for promoting imidization include basic sites (e.g., primary amino groups, aliphatic heterocycles (e.g., pyrrolidine skeleton), aromatic heterocycles (e.g., imidazole ring, indole ring), guanidino groups, etc.) (excluding the above-mentioned cross-linking compounds and adhesion aids), or compounds in which the above-mentioned basic sites are generated during baking. More preferably, it is a compound in which the above-mentioned basic site is generated during baking.
- Specific examples include a protecting group (for example, a Boc group, or a 9-fluorene Amino acids protected with a carbamate-based protecting group such as a nylmethoxycarbonyl group) can be mentioned.
- Specific examples of the above amino acids include glycine, alanine, cysteine, methionine, asparagine, glutamine, valine, leucine, phenylalanine, tyrosine, tryptophan, proline, hydroxyproline, arginine, histidine, lysine, ornithine.
- a more preferred specific example of the compound for promoting imidization is N- ⁇ -(9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl)-N- ⁇ -(t-butoxycarbonyl)-L-histidine.
- the content of the compound for promoting imidization is preferably 2 mol parts or less, more preferably 1 mol part or less, with respect to 1 mol part of the amic acid site or amic acid ester site possessed by the polyamic acid ester or polyamic acid. , more preferably 0.5 mol parts or less.
- the solid content concentration in the liquid crystal aligning agent (ratio of the total mass of components other than the solvent of the liquid crystal aligning agent to the total mass of the liquid crystal aligning agent) is appropriately selected in consideration of viscosity, volatility, etc., but preferably It is in the range of 1 to 10% by mass.
- a particularly preferable range of the solid content concentration varies depending on the method used when applying the liquid crystal aligning agent to the substrate. For example, when a spin coating method is used, the solid content concentration is particularly preferably in the range of 1.5 to 4.5% by mass. When the printing method is used, it is particularly preferable to set the solid content concentration in the range of 3 to 9% by mass, thereby setting the solution viscosity in the range of 12 to 50 mPa ⁇ s.
- the solid content concentration in the range of 1 to 5% by mass, thereby setting the solution viscosity in the range of 3 to 15 mPa ⁇ s.
- the temperature in preparing the polymer composition is preferably 10-50°C, more preferably 20-30°C.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is obtained from the above liquid crystal alignment agent.
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention can be used for horizontal alignment type or vertical alignment type (VA type) liquid crystal display elements, and is particularly suitable for horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display elements such as IPS mode and FFS mode.
- VA type vertical alignment type
- the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention is preferably used as a liquid crystal alignment film for photo-alignment treatment.
- the liquid crystal display element of the present invention comprises the liquid crystal alignment film, for example, by the following steps (1) to (3) and (5), or by a method including steps (1) to (2) and (5) can be manufactured. More preferably, it is produced by a method comprising steps (1) to (5).
- Step (1) Step of applying a liquid crystal aligning agent onto a substrate>
- a process (1) is a process of apply
- a specific example of step (1) is as follows.
- a liquid crystal aligning agent is applied to one surface of the substrate provided with the patterned transparent conductive film by an appropriate coating method such as a roll coater method, a spin coat method, a printing method, an inkjet method, or the like.
- the material of the substrate is not particularly limited as long as it is highly transparent, and glass, silicon nitride, plastics such as acrylic and polycarbonate can also be used.
- a reflective liquid crystal display element if only one substrate is used, an opaque material such as a silicon wafer can be used, and in this case, a light-reflecting material such as aluminum can be used for the electrodes.
- a substrate provided with electrodes made of a transparent conductive film or a metal film patterned in a comb shape and a counter substrate provided with no electrodes are used.
- Screen printing, offset printing, flexographic printing, an inkjet method, a spray method, etc. are mentioned as a method of apply
- the coating method and the film-forming method by the inkjet method can be preferably used.
- a process (2) is a process of baking the liquid crystal aligning agent apply
- a specific example of step (2) is as follows. After applying the liquid crystal aligning agent on the substrate in step (1), the solvent is evaporated or the polyamic acid or polyamic acid ester is heated by heating means such as a hot plate, a thermal circulation oven, or an IR (infrared) oven. Thermal imidization can be performed.
- the drying and baking steps after applying the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention can be performed at any desired temperature and time, and may be performed multiple times.
- the firing temperature can be, for example, 40 to 180°C.
- the firing time at that time is not particularly limited, but may be 1 to 10 minutes or 1 to 5 minutes.
- a step of firing at 150 to 300°C or 150 to 250°C may be added.
- the firing time at that time is not particularly limited, but includes a firing time of 5 to 40 minutes or 5 to 30 minutes.
- the thickness of the film after baking is preferably 5 to 300 nm, more preferably 10 to 200 nm, because if it is too thin, the reliability of the liquid crystal display element may be lowered.
- Step (3) is a step of subjecting the baked film (coating film) obtained in step (2) to an orientation treatment depending on the case. That is, in a horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display element such as an IPS system or an FFS system, the coating film is subjected to an alignment ability-imparting treatment. On the other hand, in a vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element such as a VA system or a PSA system (Polymer Sustained Alignment), the formed coating film can be used as it is as a liquid crystal alignment film, but the coating film is subjected to an alignment ability imparting treatment. may be applied.
- a horizontal alignment type liquid crystal display element such as an IPS system or an FFS system
- VA system Vertical alignment type liquid crystal display element
- PSA system Polymer Sustained Alignment
- the alignment treatment method for the liquid crystal alignment film includes a rubbing treatment method and a photo-alignment treatment method, and the photo-alignment treatment method is more preferable.
- a photo-alignment treatment method the surface of the film is irradiated with radiation polarized in a certain direction, and optionally, preferably, heat treatment is performed at a temperature of 150 to 250 ° C. to improve liquid crystal alignment (liquid crystal alignment (also referred to as ability).
- radiation ultraviolet light or visible light having a wavelength of 100 to 800 nm can be used. Among them, ultraviolet rays having a wavelength of 100 to 400 nm, more preferably 200 to 400 nm are preferred.
- the irradiation dose of the radiation is preferably 1 to 10,000 mJ/cm 2 , more preferably 100 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 , still more preferably 100 to 1,500 mJ/cm 2 , and 100 to 1,000 mJ/cm 2 . is particularly preferred, and 100-400 mJ/cm 2 is even more preferred.
- the light irradiation amount in the alignment treatment is 100 to 5,000 mJ/cm 2 , but in the liquid crystal aligning agent of the present invention, the light irradiation amount in the alignment treatment is reduced.
- the substrate having the film-like material may be irradiated with heating at 50 to 250° C. in order to improve liquid crystal orientation.
- the liquid crystal alignment film thus produced can stably orient liquid crystal molecules in a fixed direction.
- the liquid crystal alignment film irradiated with polarized radiation can be subjected to contact treatment using a solvent, or the liquid crystal alignment film irradiated with radiation can be heat-treated.
- the solvent used in the contact treatment is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves the decomposed product produced from the film-like material by irradiation with radiation.
- Specific examples include water, methanol, ethanol, 2-propanol, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, 1-methoxy-2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol acetate, butyl cellosolve, ethyl lactate, methyl lactate, diacetone alcohol, 3- methyl methoxypropionate, ethyl 3-ethoxypropionate, propyl acetate, butyl acetate, cyclohexyl acetate and the like.
- water, 2-propanol, 1-methoxy-2-propanol and ethyl lactate are preferable from the viewpoint of versatility and solvent safety. More preferred are water, 1-methoxy-2-propanol or ethyl lactate.
- Solvents may be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Step (4) is a step of heat-treating the liquid crystal alignment film oriented in step (3). You may heat-process with respect to the irradiation film (coating film) which irradiated the said radiation.
- the temperature of the heat treatment for the coating film irradiated with radiation is preferably 50 to 300.degree. C., more preferably 120 to 250.degree.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 to 30 minutes.
- Step (5) Step of producing a liquid crystal cell> Two substrates on which liquid crystal alignment films are formed as described above are prepared, and liquid crystal is arranged between the two substrates facing each other. Specifically, the following two methods are mentioned. In the first method, first, two substrates are arranged to face each other with a gap (cell gap) therebetween so that the respective liquid crystal alignment films face each other. Next, the peripheral portions of the two substrates are bonded together using a sealing agent, and a liquid crystal composition is injected and filled into the cell gap defined by the substrate surface and the sealing agent to contact the film surface, and then the injection hole is opened. Seal.
- the liquid crystal composition is not particularly limited, and various liquid crystal compositions containing at least one liquid crystal compound (liquid crystal molecule) and having positive or negative dielectric anisotropy can be used.
- a liquid crystal composition with a positive dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a positive liquid crystal
- a liquid crystal composition with a negative dielectric anisotropy is also referred to as a negative liquid crystal.
- the above liquid crystal composition contains a fluorine atom, a hydroxy group, an amino group, a fluorine atom-containing group (e.g., trifluoromethyl group), a cyano group, an alkyl group, an alkoxy group, an alkenyl group, an isothiocyanate group, a heterocyclic ring, a cycloalkane,
- a liquid crystal compound having a cycloalkene, a steroid skeleton, a benzene ring, or a naphthalene ring may be included, and a compound having two or more rigid sites (mesogenic skeleton) exhibiting liquid crystallinity in the molecule (for example, two rigid biphenyl structure, or a bimesogenic compound in which a terphenyl structure is linked by an alkyl group).
- the liquid crystal composition may be a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a nematic phase, a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a smectic phase, or a liquid crystal composition exhibiting a cholesteric phase.
- the liquid crystal composition may further contain an additive from the viewpoint of improving liquid crystal orientation.
- additives include photopolymerizable monomers such as compounds having a polymerizable group described below; optically active compounds (eg, S-811 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd.); antioxidants; UV absorbers; dyes; antifoaming agents; polymerization initiators; or polymerization inhibitors.
- Positive liquid crystals include ZLI-2293, ZLI-4792, MLC-2003, MLC-2041, MLC-3019 and MLC-7081 manufactured by Merck.
- MLC-3023 manufactured by Merck Co., Ltd. can be used as a liquid crystal containing a compound having a polymerizable group.
- the second method is a method called the ODF (One Drop Fill) method.
- a predetermined place on one of the two substrates on which the liquid crystal alignment film is formed is coated with, for example, an ultraviolet light-curing sealant, and a liquid crystal composition is applied to several predetermined places on the surface of the liquid crystal alignment film. drip.
- the other substrate is attached so that the liquid crystal alignment films face each other, and the liquid crystal composition is spread over the entire surface of the substrate and brought into contact with the film surface.
- the entire surface of the substrate is irradiated with ultraviolet light to cure the sealant.
- it is desirable to remove the flow orientation at the time of liquid crystal filling by heating the liquid crystal composition to a temperature at which the used liquid crystal composition assumes an isotropic phase and then slowly cooling to room temperature.
- the two substrates are arranged opposite to each other so that the rubbing directions of the respective coating films are at a predetermined angle, for example, orthogonal or antiparallel.
- the sealing agent for example, an epoxy resin containing aluminum oxide spheres as a curing agent and spacers can be used.
- Liquid crystals include nematic liquid crystals and smectic liquid crystals, among which nematic liquid crystals are preferred. Then, a liquid crystal display element can be obtained by bonding a polarizing plate to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell as necessary.
- a polarizing film As the polarizing plate to be attached to the outer surface of the liquid crystal cell, a polarizing film called "H film” in which polyvinyl alcohol is stretched and oriented while absorbing iodine is sandwiched between cellulose acetate protective films, or the H film itself.
- a polarizing plate consisting of
- the IPS substrate which is a comb-teeth electrode substrate used in the IPS system, includes a base material, a plurality of linear electrodes formed on the base material and arranged in a comb-like shape, and the base material covering the linear electrodes. and a liquid crystal alignment film formed as follows.
- the FFS substrate which is a comb-teeth electrode substrate used in the FFS method, includes a base material, a plane electrode formed on the base material, an insulating film formed on the plane electrode, and an insulating film formed on the insulating film. , a plurality of linear electrodes arranged in a comb shape, and a liquid crystal alignment film formed on an insulating film so as to cover the linear electrodes.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic partial cross-sectional view showing an example of the lateral electric field liquid crystal display device of the present invention, which is an example of an IPS mode liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal 3 is sandwiched between the comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 having the liquid crystal alignment film 2c and the opposing substrate 4 having the liquid crystal alignment film 4a.
- the comb-shaped electrode substrate 2 includes a base material 2a, a plurality of linear electrodes 2b formed on the base material 2a and arranged in a comb-like shape, and a plurality of linear electrodes 2b formed on the base material 2a so as to cover the linear electrodes 2b. and a liquid crystal alignment film 2c.
- the counter substrate 4 has a base material 4b and a liquid crystal alignment film 4a formed on the base material 4b.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 2c is, for example, the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 4c is also the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- the horizontal electric field liquid crystal display element 1 when a voltage is applied to the linear electrodes 2b, an electric field is generated between the linear electrodes 2b as indicated by electric lines of force L.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic partial sectional view showing another example of the horizontal electric field liquid crystal display device of the present invention, which is an example of the FFS mode liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal 3 is sandwiched between the comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 having the liquid crystal alignment film 2h and the opposing substrate 4 having the liquid crystal alignment film 4a.
- the comb-teeth electrode substrate 2 includes a base material 2d, a plane electrode 2e formed on the base material 2d, an insulating film 2f formed on the plane electrode 2e, and formed on the insulating film 2f to form a comb-like shape.
- the counter substrate 4 has a base material 4b and a liquid crystal alignment film 4a formed on the base material 4b.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 2h is, for example, the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- the liquid crystal alignment film 4a is also the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention.
- NMP N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone
- GBL ⁇ -butyrolactone
- BCS ethylene glycol monobutyl ether
- Esterification rate a proton derived from a structure that does not change before and after esterification is determined as a reference proton, and the peak integrated value of this proton and the proton peak integrated value derived from the COOH group of the carboxylic acid appearing around 11 to 13.5 ppm. and was obtained by the following formula.
- Esterification rate (%) (1- ⁇ x/y) x 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the COOH group of the carboxylic acid
- y the peak integrated value of the reference protons
- ⁇ is the COOH of the carboxylic acid in the case of polyamic acid (the esterification rate is 0%). It is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one base proton.
- NMR sample tube NMR sampling tube standard, ⁇ 5 (manufactured by Kusano Kagaku Co., Ltd.)
- deuterated dimethyl sulfoxide 0.05% TMS mixture
- Imidation rate (%) (1- ⁇ x/y) x 100
- x is the proton peak integrated value derived from the NH group of the amic acid
- y is the peak integrated value of the reference protons
- ⁇ is the NH of the amic acid in the case of polyamic acid (imidization rate is 0%). It is the ratio of the number of reference protons to one base proton.
- Table 1 summarizes the types and amounts of the diamine component and the tetracarboxylic anhydride component used in Synthesis Examples 1-7.
- the numbers in parentheses represent the amounts (mol parts) of the monomers used per 100 mol parts in total in each component.
- Example 2 Example 3
- a liquid crystal aligning agent (V- 2) and (V-3) were obtained.
- Table 2 shows the specifications of the liquid crystal aligning agents obtained in Examples 1 to 3, Reference Example 1 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4.
- a liquid crystal cell having the structure of an FFS mode liquid crystal display element was produced.
- a substrate with electrodes was prepared.
- the substrate was a 30 mm x 50 mm rectangular glass plate with a thickness of 0.7 mm.
- An ITO electrode having a solid pattern is formed on the substrate as a first layer to form a counter electrode, and a CVD (chemical vapor deposition) electrode is formed as a second layer on the first layer counter electrode.
- a SiN (silicon nitride) film formed by the method was formed.
- the SiN film of the second layer has a film thickness of 300 nm and functions as an interlayer insulating film.
- a comb-shaped pixel electrode formed by patterning an ITO film is arranged as a third layer, and two pixels of a first pixel and a second pixel are formed.
- the size of each pixel was 10 mm long and 5 mm wide.
- the counter electrode of the first layer and the pixel electrode of the third layer were electrically insulated by the action of the SiN film of the second layer.
- the pixel electrode of the third layer has a comb shape in which a plurality of electrode elements each having a width of 3 ⁇ m and having a central portion bent at an internal angle of 160° are arranged in parallel with an interval of 6 ⁇ m.
- Each pixel had a first region and a second region bounded by a line connecting bent portions of a plurality of electrode elements.
- liquid crystal aligning agents (V-1) to (V-3) and (RV-1) to (RV-2) obtained in Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Examples 1 and 2 were each sized to have a pore size of 1.5.
- baking was performed in a hot air circulating oven at 230° C. for 30 minutes to form a coating film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the coated film surface was subjected to alignment treatment by irradiating linearly polarized ultraviolet light having a wavelength of 254 nm and an extinction ratio of 26:1 through a polarizing plate for each dose shown in Table 3 to obtain a substrate with a liquid crystal alignment film.
- the liquid crystal alignment film formed on the substrate with the electrode is aligned so that the direction of equally dividing the interior angle of the bent portion of the pixel is orthogonal to the alignment direction of the liquid crystal, and the liquid crystal alignment film is formed on the second glass substrate.
- alignment treatment was performed so that the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the first glass substrate and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal on the second glass substrate were the same when the liquid crystal cell was produced.
- a sealant Mitsubishi Chemicals XN-1500T
- another substrate is placed so that the alignment direction facing the liquid crystal alignment film surface is 0°. and glued together.
- the sealant was heat-treated at 150° C. for 60 minutes and cured to prepare an empty cell.
- Liquid crystal MLC-3019 manufactured by Merck & Co.
- the deviation between the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the first region of the pixel and the alignment direction of the liquid crystal in the second region was calculated as an angle when no voltage was applied.
- a liquid crystal cell is placed between two polarizing plates whose polarization axes are orthogonal to each other, a backlight is turned on, and the liquid crystal cell is arranged so that the transmitted light intensity in the first region of the pixel is minimized. was adjusted, and then the rotation angle required when the liquid crystal cell was rotated so that the intensity of transmitted light in the second region of the pixel was minimized was obtained. It can be said that the smaller the rotation angle, the better the stability of the liquid crystal alignment.
- the value of the rotation angle is "excellent” if it is less than 0.10, “good” if it is 0.10° or more and 0.20° or less, and is greater than 0.20°. was defined as "defective”.
- Table 3 shows the evaluation results of the liquid crystal display devices using the liquid crystal aligning agents of Examples 1-3 and Comparative Examples 1-2.
- a liquid crystal alignment film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent that is a mixture of a specific polyamic acid ester and a specific polyamic acid is a mixture of two polyamic acids, or a mixture of polyimide and polyamic acid.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent it exhibited high in-plane uniformity or high stability of liquid crystal alignment under a small amount of ultraviolet irradiation.
- Table 4 shows the evaluation results of the rubbing resistance test of the liquid crystal alignment films formed using the liquid crystal alignment agents obtained in Reference Example 1 and Comparative Examples 3 and 4.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the polyamic acid ester (PAE-1A) liquid crystal alignment agent exhibits the same rubbing resistance as the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the polyamic acid (PAA-1), and the polyimide ( It exhibits higher rubbing resistance than the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from SPI-1). Therefore, the liquid crystal alignment film of the present invention obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent containing the polyamic acid ester (A) and the polyamic acid (B) is comparable to the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent containing the polyamic acid. It is suggested that it exhibits rubbing resistance and exhibits higher rubbing resistance than a liquid crystal aligning film obtained from a liquid crystal aligning agent containing polyimide and polyamic acid.
- the liquid crystal alignment film obtained from the liquid crystal alignment agent of the present invention is used for various types of liquid crystal display elements for display purposes, light control windows and optical shutters for controlling the transmission and blocking of light, and other than these. It is also effectively used for various uses.
- liquid crystal alignment films for retardation films liquid crystal alignment films for scanning antennas and array antennas
- liquid crystal alignment films for transmission scattering type liquid crystal light control elements and other applications such as protective films (e.g. protective films for color filters), spacer films, interlayer insulating films, antireflection films, wiring coating films, antistatic films, electric motor insulating films (gate insulating films of flexible displays), etc.
- Horizontal electric field liquid crystal display element 2 Comb tooth electrode substrates 2a, 4b, 2d: Base material 2b, 2g: Linear electrodes 2c, 2h, 4a: Liquid crystal alignment film 2e: Planar electrodes 2f: Insulating film 3: Liquid crystal 4: Opposite substrate L: Line of electric force
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Abstract
Description
さらに、近年では、タッチパネル方式の液晶表示装置において、指や、ペンなどのポインティングデバイスによる押圧などの外部圧力に対して耐久性が高いこと、つまり外部圧力が付与された場合にも配向不良や輝点不良が生じにくいことが求められる。また、タブレット型端末やモバイル端末では、軽量化及び薄型化が進み、液晶表示装置の製造時のパネル組み立て工程において、パネルの歪みが生じることにより、パネル内部に応力がかかりやすくなっている。こうしたパネルの歪みや応力は、液晶配向膜の基板からの剥がれの原因となり、輝点不良や配向不良が発生する原因にもなる。そのため、液晶配向膜には、基板剥がれが生じにくい、高い膜強度が要求される。
本発明は、具体的には、下記の態様を有するものである。
(A)成分:テトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Ta)で表される構造単位(a-1Ta)を有し、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Da)で表される構造単位(a-1Da)を2種類以上有するポリアミック酸エステル(A)。
(B)成分:テトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Tb)で表される構造単位(b-1Tb)を有し、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Db)で表される構造単位(b-1Db)を有するポリアミック酸(B)。
式(1Da)中、Y1は下記式(H1)で表される2価の有機基である。Zはそれぞれ独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)
本発明によって上記効果が得られるメカニズムは必ずしも明らかではないが、以下に述べることが一因と考えられる。本発明の液晶配向剤は重合体成分として特定のポリアミック酸エステル(A)とポリアミック酸(B)を含有する。ポリアミック酸エステル(A)は、疎水性の高いt-アルキルエステル構造を有するため、ポリアミック酸(B)との水素結合形成が抑制されると共に、液晶配向膜とした際の空気界面への成分の移行性が高くなり、液晶界面におけるポリアミック酸エステルの偏在性が高くなる。また、嵩高い構造を有するポリアミック酸エステル(A)は、塗布膜を焼成した際に、そのt-アルキルエステルが脱離しやすいため、熱イミド化が通常のメチルエステル構造より進行しやすくなると共に、得られる液晶配向膜にt-アルキルエステルが残存しにくくなる。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、テトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の構造単位として、上記式(1Ta)で表される構造単位(a-1Ta)を有し、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、上記式(1Da)で表される構造単位(a-1Da)を2種類以上有するポリアミック酸エステル(A)を含有する。尚、重合体(A)は1種類又は2種類以上で構成されてもよい。
ポリアミック酸エステル(A)は、上記式(1Da)で表される構造単位(a-1Da)を2種類以上有することで、高い配向規制力と高い光感度という複数の特性に対して適切なバランスを有する液晶配向膜が得られるため、AC残像を抑制できる液晶配向膜が得られると共に、配向処理に必要な光の照射量を低減することができる。
ポリアミック酸エステル(A)のR1が有するt-アルキル基としては、炭素数4~10、好ましくは4~7のt-アルキル基である。具体的には、t-ブチル基、t-ペンチル基、t-ヘキシル基、t-ヘプチル基が例示される。なかでも、t-ブチル基が好ましい。
上記式(2Ta)におけるR2の1価の有機基としては、中でも、炭素数1~10のアルキル基、炭素数2~10のアルケニル基、炭素数2~10のアルキニル基、t-ブトキシカルボニル基、又は9-フルオレニルメトキシカルボニル基が好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が更に好ましく、メチル基がより一層好ましい。
2つのR2は、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子又はメチル基がより好ましい。
ここで、上記-NR-C(=O)-NR-におけるRの1価の有機基としては、上記式(H1)のL1及びL1’を表す-C(=O)-NR-におけるRについて例示した構造が挙げられる。
*-(CH2)n-*、
*-(CH2)n1-O-(CH2)n2-*、
*-(CH2)m1-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n’-C(=O)-O-(CH2)m2-*、
*-(CH2)m1-C(=O)-O-(CH2)n’-O-C(=O)-(CH2)m2-*、
*-(CH2)n1-NR-C(=O)-NR-(CH2)n2-*
*-(CH2)n-*、-O-(CH2)n-O-*、
*-O-(CH2)n1-O-(CH2)n2-O-*、
*-C(=O)-(CH2)n-C(=O)-*、
*-C(=O)-NR-(CH2)n-O-*、
*-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n-O-*、
*-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n-O-C(=O)-*、
*-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n-C(=O)-O-*、
*-(CH2)m1-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n’-C(=O)-O-(CH2)m2-*
*-S-(CH2)n-S-*、
*-C(=O)-NR-(CH2)n-NR-C(=O)-*、
*-C(=O)-O-(CH2)n-O-C(=O)-*、
*-(CH2)m1-C(=O)-O-(CH2)n’-O-C(=O)-(CH2)m2-*
*-O-(CH2)n-*、*-S-(CH2)n-*、
*-NR-C(=O)-(CH2)n-C(=O)-NR-*
*-(CH2)n1-NR-C(=O)-NR-(CH2)n2-*
さらに、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、*-(CH2)n-*、*-O-(CH2)n-O-*、*-O-(CH2)n-*が好ましい。
ここで、「ベンゼン環を3つ以上有する2価の有機基」におけるベンゼン環には、縮合環を構成するベンゼン環も含まれる。そして、上記式(H1)におけるベンゼン環の数を数える場合、それぞれ、ナフタレン環はベンゼン環を2つ有するとし、アントラセン環はベンゼン環を3つ有するとし、ビフェニル構造はベンゼン環を2つ有するとして数える。
Ar1とAr1’が同じ構造となる場合の好ましい組合せとして、上記置換基を有してもよいビフェニル構造と上記置換基を有してもよいビフェニル構造の組合せ、上記置換基を有してもよいナフタレン環と上記置換基を有してもよいナフタレン環との組合せが挙げられる。また、Ar1とAr1’が異なる構造となる場合の好ましい組み合わせとして、上記置換基を有してもよいベンゼン環と上記置換基を有してもよいビフェニル構造との組合せ、上記置換基を有してもよいベンゼン環と上記置換基を有してもよいナフタレン環との組合せ、上記置換基を有してもよいビフェニル構造と上記置換基を有してもよいナフタレン環との組合せが挙げられる。
上記式(1Da)におけるZの1価の有機基としては、中でも、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、又はtert-ブトキシカルボニル基が好ましく、炭素数1~3のアルキル基が更に好ましく、メチル基がより一層好ましい。
上記式(1Da)における2つのZは、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、それぞれ独立に、水素原子又は炭素数1~3のアルキル基が好ましく、水素原子又はメチル基がより好ましい。
上記その他のジアミン由来の構造単位(a-1Da-2)におけるその他のジアミンの例としては以下のものが挙げられる。
p-フェニレンジアミン、2,3,5,6-テトラメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、2,5-ジメチル-p-フェニレンジアミン、m-フェニレンジアミン、2,4-ジメチル-m-フェニレンジアミン、1,4-ジアミノ-2,5-メトキシベンゼン、2,5-ジアミノトルエン、2,6-ジアミノトルエン、4-アミノベンジルアミン、2-(4-アミノフェニル)エチルアミン、4-(2-(メチルアミノ)エチル)アニリン、4-(2-アミノエチル)アニリン、2-(6-アミノナフチル)エチルアミン、2,2’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジメトキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジヒドロキシ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3-トリフルオロメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2-トリフルオロメチル-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3-フルオロ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2-フルオロ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ジフルオロ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジフルオロ-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ビス(トリフルオロメチル)-4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、4,4’-ジアミノビフェニル、3,3’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,2’-ジアミノビフェニル、2,3’-ジアミノビフェニル、1,5-ジアミノナフタレン、1,6-ジアミノナフタレン、1,7-ジアミノナフタレン、2,5-ジアミノナフタレン、2,6-ジアミノナフタレン、2,7-ジアミノナフタレンなどの特定のジアミン(以下、これらを特定ジアミン(1)ともいう。);
また、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)は上記構造単位(a-1Da-2)として、ポリアミック酸(B)との二層分離性を高める観点から、上記熱脱離性基を有するジアミンに由来する構造単位を含有してもよい。上記熱脱離性基を有するジアミンに由来する構造単位は、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)が含有するジアミン由来の全構造単位1モルに対して、好ましくは5~40モル%であり、より好ましくは5~35モル%であり、更に好ましくは5~30モル%である。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、上記ポリアミック酸エステル(A)とともに、テトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の構造単位として、上記式(1Tb)で表される構造単位(b-1Tb)を有し、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、上記式(1Db)で表される構造単位(b-1Db)を有するポリアミック酸(B)を含有する。ポリアミック酸(B)は、1種類又は2種類以上で構成されてもよい。また、ポリアミック酸(B)を構成する上記構造単位は、それぞれ、1種類又は2種類以上で構成されてもよい。なお、ポリアミック酸(B)は、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)の有する上記構造単位(a-1Ta)と上記構造単位(a-1Da)を同一の分子内に有しないのが好ましい。
なお、芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、芳香環に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。
非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、鎖状炭化水素構造に結合する4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、鎖状炭化水素構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に脂環式構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、脂環式構造に結合する少なくとも1つのカルボキシ基を含めて4つのカルボキシ基が分子内脱水することにより得られる酸二無水物である。但し、これら4つのカルボキシ基はいずれも芳香環には結合していない。また、脂環式構造のみで構成されている必要はなく、その一部に鎖状炭化水素構造や芳香環構造を有していてもよい。
本発明の効果を好適に得る観点において、上記Xbにおける4価の有機基は、ベンゼン環、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造及びシクロヘキサン環構造よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の部分構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物が好ましい。より好ましいXbは、上記式(g)で表される4価の有機基、上記式(2Ta)におけるX2aで例示した構造が挙げられ、上記ポリアミック酸エステル(A)で例示したその他のテトラカルボン酸二無水物から2つの酸二無水物基を除いた4価の有機基が更に好ましい。また、上記非環式脂肪族若しくは脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物は、中でも液晶配向性を高める高い観点から、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造及びシクロヘキサン環構造よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の部分構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物が好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤に含有されるポリアミック酸エステル(A)などのポリアミック酸エステル及びポリアミック酸(B)などのポリアミック酸は、例えば、下記の方法で製造できる。この場合、テトラカルボン酸誘導体としては、テトラカルボン酸二無水物だけでなく、その誘導体である、テトラカルボン酸ジハライド化合物、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステル、テトラカルボン酸ジアルキルエステルジハライドなども用いることができる。
テトラカルボン酸二無水物成分とジアミン成分とを反応させることにより、アミック酸構造を有する重合体(ポリアミック酸)が得られる。ポリアミック酸が上記式(1Db)で表される構造を有する場合には、例えば、ジアミン成分としては、-N(Z)-Y1-N(Z)-の構造(Y1、Zの定義は上記と同じである。)を有するジアミンが使用され、また、テトラカルボン酸誘導体成分としては、Xb(Xbの定義は上記と同じである。)を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物が使用される。
ポリアミック酸の製造における反応温度は-20~150℃が好ましく、0~100℃がより好ましい。また、反応時間は0.1~24時間が好ましく、0.5~12時間がより好ましい。
ポリアミック酸の製造は任意の濃度で行うことができるが、好ましくは1~50質量%、より好ましくは5~30質量%である。反応初期は高濃度で行い、その後、溶媒を追加することもできる。
ポリアミック酸エステルは、例えば、[I]上記の方法で得られたポリアミック酸とエステル化剤とを反応させる方法、[II]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルとジアミンとを、好ましくは有機溶媒中、脱水触媒(例えば4-(4,6-ジメトキシ-1,3,5-トリアジン-2-イル)-4-メチルモルホリニウムハライド、カルボニルイミダゾール、リン系縮合剤など)の存在下で反応させる方法、[III]テトラカルボン酸ジエステルジハロゲン化物とジアミンと、好ましくは有機溶媒中、塩基(例えばピリジン、トリエチルアミンなどの第三級アミンや、水素化ナトリウム、水素化カリウム、水酸化ナトリウム、水酸化カリウム、ナトリウム、カリウムなどのアルカリ金属類)の存在下で反応させる方法、[IV]ポリアミック酸と脱水縮合剤(無水トリフルオロ酢酸など)とを反応させてイソイミド化した後、アルコール(例えば、メタノール、エタノール、n-プロパノール、イソプロパノール、ブタノール、t-ブタノールなどの脂肪族アルコール)を反応させる方法などの既知の方法によって得ることができる。
上記[I]の方法において、用いるエステル化剤の添加量を変えることによって、任意にエステル化率を調整することができる。ここで言う「エステル化率」とは、例えば、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)の場合、エステル化される前のポリアミック酸が有する全てのアミック酸構造を基準として、エステル化されてアミック酸エステル構造となった割合を%で表したものである。エステル化率は、1H-NMRを用いて、カルボキシ基のピーク強度の変化量から見積もることができる。本発明で用いられるポリアミック酸エステル(A)のエステル化率は、好ましくは5~100%、より好ましくは25~100%であり、さらに好ましくは25~65%である。
上記エステル化剤としては、t-ブチルエステル構造を有するポリアミック酸エステルを得る場合、例えば、t-ブチル 2,2,2-トリクロロアセトイミダート、O-t-ブチル-N,N’-ジイソプロピルイソ尿素、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドジ-t-ブチルアセタールが挙げられる。
本発明に用いられるポリアミック酸、ポリアミック酸エステルは、これを濃度10~15質量%の溶液としたときに、例えば、10~1000mPa・sの溶液粘度を持つものが作業性の観点から好ましい。なお、上記重合体の溶液粘度(mPa・s)は、当該重合体の良溶媒(例えばγ-ブチロラクトン、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンなど)を用いて調製した濃度10~15質量%の重合体溶液につき、E型回転粘度計を用いて25℃において測定した値である。
上記ポリアミック酸、及びポリアミック酸エステルのゲルパーミエーションクロマトグラフィー(GPC)により測定したポリスチレン換算の重量平均分子量(Mw)は、好ましくは1,000~500,000であり、より好ましくは2,000~300,000である。また、Mwと、GPCにより測定したポリスチレン換算の数平均分子量(Mn)との比で表される分子量分布(Mw/Mn)は、好ましくは15以下であり、より好ましくは10以下である。このような分子量範囲にあることで、液晶表示素子の良好な配向性及び安定性を確保することができる。
本発明におけるポリアミック酸エステル、ポリアミック酸は、これを製造するに際して、上記の如きテトラカルボン酸誘導体成分、及びジアミン成分とともに、適当な末端封止剤を用いて末端封止型の重合体としてもよい。末端封止型の重合体は、塗膜によって得られる液晶配向膜の膜硬度の向上や、シール剤と液晶配向膜の密着特性の向上という効果を有する。
本発明におけるポリアミック酸エステル(A)、ポリアミック酸(B)の末端の例としては、アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基又は後述する末端封止剤に由来する基が挙げられる。アミノ基、カルボキシ基、酸無水物基は通常の縮合反応により得るか、又は以下の末端封止剤を用いて末端を封止することにより得ることができる。
末端封止剤の使用割合は、重合体の製造に使用するジアミン成分の合計100モル部に対して、0.01~20モル部とすることが好ましく、0.01~10モル部とすることがより好ましい。
本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)及びポリアミック酸(B)を含有する。本発明の液晶配向剤は、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)、ポリアミック酸(B)に加えて、その他の重合体を含有していてもよい。
かかるその他の重合体の具体例としては、ポリアミック酸エステル(A)およびポリアミック酸(B)以外のポリイミド前駆体、ポリイミド、ポリシロキサン、ポリエステル、ポリアミド、ポリウレア、ポリウレタン、ポリオルガノシロキサン、セルロース誘導体、ポリアセタール、ポリスチレン誘導体、ポリ(スチレン-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体、ポリ(イソブチレン-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体、ポリ(ビニルエーテル-マレイン酸無水物)共重合体、ポリ(スチレン-フェニルマレイミド)誘導体、ポリ(メタ)アクリレートからなる群から選ばれる重合体などが挙げられる。
その他の重合体の含有割合は、液晶配向剤中に含まれる重合体の合計100質量部に対して、90質量部以下が好ましく、10~90質量部がより好ましく、20~80質量部が更に好ましい。
例えば、ジイソプロピルエーテル、ジイソブチルエーテル、ジイソブチルカルビノール(2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノール)、エチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、エチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、1,2-ブトキシエタン、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、4-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-2-ペンタノン、ジエチレングリコールメチルエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジブチルエーテル、3-エトキシブチルアセタート、1-メチルペンチルアセタート、2-エチルブチルアセタート、2-エチルヘキシルアセタート、エチレングリコールモノアセタート、エチレングリコールジアセタート、プロピレンカーボネート、エチレンカーボネート、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノイソアミルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノヘキシルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、1-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)-2-プロパノール、2-(2-ブトキシエトキシ)-1-プロパノール、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセタート、プロピレングリコールジアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジプロピレングリコールジメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノプロピルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセタート、2-(2-エトキシエトキシ)エチルアセタート、ジエチレングリコールアセタート、酢酸n-ブチル、酢酸プロピレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、酢酸シクロヘキシル、酢酸4-メチル-2-ペンチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸メチル、3-エトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸エチル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸プロピル、3-メトキシプロピオン酸ブチル、乳酸n-ブチル、乳酸イソアミル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジイソブチルケトン(2,6-ジメチル-4-ヘプタノン)などを挙げることができる。
上記架橋性化合物として、本発明の効果を好適に得る観点から、オキシラニル基、オキセタニル基、保護イソシアネート基、保護イソチオシアネート基、オキサゾリン環構造を含む基、メルドラム酸構造を含む基、シクロカーボネート基及びヒドロキシアルキルアミド結合よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の基を有する化合物;アルコキシメチル基及びメチロール基の少なくとも一つを有するフェノール化合物;並びに重合性不飽和基を有する化合物よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物であってもよい。
上記保護イソシアネート基を有する化合物の具体例としては、日本特開2014-224978号公報の[0046]~[0047]に記載の2個以上の保護イソシアネート基を有する化合物、WO2015/141598号の[0119]~[0120]に記載の3個以上の保護イソシアネート基を有する化合物などが挙げられる。市販品としては、例えば、コロネートAPステーブルM、コロネート2503、2515、2507、2513、2555、ミリオネートMS-50(以上、東ソー社製)、タケネートB-830、B-815N、B-820NSU、B-842N、B-846N、B-870N、B-874N、B-882N(以上、三井化学社製)などを好ましく使用できる。また、日本特開2016-200798号公報に記載の2個以上の保護イソチオシアネート基を有する化合物が挙げられる。
上記メルドラム酸構造を含む基を有する化合物の具体例としては、WO2012/091088号に記載の、メルドラム酸構造を2個以上有する化合物が挙げられる。
上記シクロカーボネート基を有する化合物の具体例としては、WO2011/155577号に記載の化合物が挙げられる。上記ヒドロキシアルキルアミド結合を有する化合物の具体例としては、WO2015/072554号や、日本特開2016-118753号公報の[0058]に記載の化合物、日本特開2016-200798号公報に記載の化合物、好ましくはN,N,N’,N’-テトラキス(2-ヒドロキシエチル)アジポアミドなどが挙げられる。
イミド化促進するための化合物の含有量は、ポリアミック酸エステル若しくはポリアミック酸が有するアミック酸部位、又はアミック酸エステル部位1モル部に対して、好ましくは2モル部以下、より好ましくは1モル部以下、更に好ましくは0.5モル部以下である。
固形分濃度の特に好ましい範囲は、基板に液晶配向剤を塗布する際に用いる方法によって異なる。例えばスピンコート法を用いる場合には、固形分濃度が1.5~4.5質量%の範囲であることが特に好ましい。印刷法による場合には、固形分濃度を3~9質量%の範囲とし、それにより溶液粘度を12~50mPa・sの範囲とすることが特に好ましい。インクジェット法による場合には、固形分濃度を1~5質量%の範囲とし、それにより、溶液粘度を3~15mPa・sの範囲とすることが特に好ましい。重合体組成物を調製する際の温度は、好ましくは10~50℃であり、より好ましくは20~30℃である。
本発明の液晶配向膜は、上記液晶配向剤から得られる。本発明の液晶配向膜は、水平配向型若しくは垂直配向型(VA型)の液晶表示素子に用いることができ、なかでもIPS方式又はFFS方式などの水平配向型の液晶表示素子に好適である。本発明の液晶配向膜は、光配向処理法用の液晶配向膜により好ましく用いられる。
<工程(1):液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程>
工程(1)は、液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程である。工程(1)の具体例は以下のとおりである。
パターニングされた透明導電膜が設けられている基板の一面に、液晶配向剤を、例えばロールコーター法、スピンコート法、印刷法、インクジェット法などの適宜の塗布方法により塗布する。ここで基板の材質としては、透明性の高い基板であれば特に限定されず、ガラス、窒化珪素とともに、アクリル、ポリカーボネートなどのプラスチックなどを用いることもできる。また、反射型の液晶表示素子では、片側の基板のみにならば、シリコンウエハーなどの不透明な物でも使用でき、この場合の電極にはアルミニウムなどの光を反射する材料も使用できる。また、IPS方式又はFFS方式の液晶表示素子を製造する場合には、櫛歯型にパターニングされた透明導電膜又は金属膜からなる電極が設けられている基板と、電極が設けられていない対向基板とを用いる。
液晶配向剤を基板に塗布し、成膜する方法としては、スクリーン印刷、オフセット印刷、フレキソ印刷、インクジェット法、又はスプレー法などが挙げられる。なかでも、インクジェット法による塗布、成膜法が好適に使用できる。
工程(2)は、基板上に塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成し、膜を形成する工程である。工程(2)の具体例は以下のとおりである。
工程(1)において液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布した後は、ホットプレート、熱循環型オーブン又はIR(赤外線)型オーブンなどの加熱手段により、溶媒を蒸発させたり、ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行ったりすることができる。本発明の液晶配向剤を塗布した後の乾燥、焼成工程は、任意の温度と時間を選択することができ、複数回行ってもよい。焼成温度としては、例えば40~180℃で行うことができる。プロセスを短縮する観点で、40~150℃で行ってもよい。その際の焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、1~10分又は、1~5分が挙げられる。ポリアミック酸又はポリアミック酸エステルの熱イミド化を行う場合には、例えば150~300℃、又は150~250℃で焼成する工程を追加してもよい。その際の焼成時間としては特に限定されないが、5~40分、又は、5~30分の焼成時間が挙げられる。
焼成後の膜状物は、薄すぎると液晶表示素子の信頼性が低下する場合があるので、5~300nmが好ましく、10~200nmがより好ましい。
工程(3)は、場合により、工程(2)で得られた焼成膜(塗膜)に配向処理する工程である。即ち、IPS方式又はFFS方式などの水平配向型の液晶表示素子では該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を行う。一方、VA方式又はPSA方式(Polymer Sustained Alignment)などの垂直配向型の液晶表示素子では、形成した塗膜をそのまま液晶配向膜として使用することができるが、該塗膜に対し配向能付与処理を施してもよい。液晶配向膜の配向処理方法としては、ラビング処理法、光配向処理法が挙げられ、光配向処理法がより好適である。光配向処理法としては、上記膜状物の表面に、一定方向に偏向された放射線を照射し、場合により、好ましくは、150~250℃の温度で加熱処理を行い、液晶配向性(液晶配向能ともいう)を付与する方法が挙げられる。放射線としては、100~800nmの波長を有する紫外線又は可視光線を用いることができる。なかでも、好ましくは100~400nm、より好ましくは、200~400nmの波長を有する紫外線である。
また、放射線を照射する場合、液晶配向性を改善するために、上記膜状物を有する基板を、50~250℃で加熱しながら照射してもよい。このようにして作製した上記液晶配向膜は、液晶分子を一定の方向に安定して配向させることができる。
更に、上記の方法で、偏光された放射線を照射した液晶配向膜に、溶媒を用いて接触処理するか、放射線を照射した液晶配向膜を加熱処理することもできる。
工程(4)は、工程(3)で配向処理された液晶配向膜に対して加熱処理を行う工程である。上記の放射線を照射した照射膜(塗膜)に対して加熱処理を行ってもよい。上記の放射線を照射した塗膜に対する加熱処理の温度は、50~300℃が好ましく、120~250℃がより好ましい。加熱処理の時間は、1~30分が好ましい。
上記のようにして液晶配向膜が形成された基板を2枚準備し、対向配置した2枚の基板間に液晶を配置する。具体的には以下の2つの方法が挙げられる。
第一の方法は、先ず、それぞれの液晶配向膜が対向するように間隙(セルギャップ)を介して2枚の基板を対向配置する。次いで、2枚の基板の周辺部を、シール剤を用いて貼り合わせ、基板表面及びシール剤により区画されたセルギャップ内に液晶組成物を注入充填して膜面に接触した後、注入孔を封止する。
上記液晶組成物は、フッ素原子、ヒドロキシ基、アミノ基、フッ素原子含有基(例:トリフルオロメチル基)、シアノ基、アルキル基、アルコキシ基、アルケニル基、イソチオシアネート基、複素環、シクロアルカン、シクロアルケン、ステロイド骨格、ベンゼン環、又はナフタレン環を有する液晶化合物を含んでもよく、分子内に液晶性を発現する剛直な部位(メソゲン骨格)を2つ以上有する化合物(例えば、剛直な二つのビフェニル構造、又はターフェニル構造がアルキル基で連結されたバイメソゲン化合物など)を含んでもよい。液晶組成物は、ネマチック相を呈する液晶組成物、スメクチック相を呈する液晶組成物、又はコレステリック相を呈する液晶組成物であってもよい。
また、上記液晶組成物は、液晶配向性を向上させる観点から、添加物をさらに添加してもよい。このような添加物は、下記する重合性基を有する化合物などの光重合性モノマー;光学活性な化合物(例:メルク(株)社製のS-811など);酸化防止剤;紫外線吸収剤;色素;消泡剤;重合開始剤;又は重合禁止剤などが挙げられる。
ポジ型液晶としては、メルク社製のZLI-2293、ZLI-4792、MLC-2003、MLC-2041、MLC-3019又はMLC-7081などが挙げられる。
ネガ型液晶としては、例えばメルク社製のMLC-6608、MLC-6609、MLC-6610、MLC-6882、MLC-6886、MLC-7026、MLC-7026-000、MLC-7026-100、又はMLC-7029などが挙げられる。
また、PSAモードでは、重合性基を有する化合物を含有する液晶として、メルク社製のMLC-3023が挙げられる。
シール剤としては、例えば硬化剤及びスペーサーとしての酸化アルミニウム球を含有するエポキシ樹脂などを用いることができる。液晶としては、ネマチック液晶及びスメクチック液晶を挙げることができ、その中でもネマチック液晶が好ましい。
そして、必要に応じて液晶セルの外側表面に偏光板を貼り合わせることにより液晶表示素子を得ることができる。液晶セルの外表面に貼り合わされる偏光板としては、ポリビニルアルコールを延伸配向させながらヨウ素を吸収させた「H膜」と称される偏光フィルムを酢酸セルロース保護膜で挟んだ偏光板又はH膜そのものからなる偏光板を挙げることができる。
なお、FFS方式において使用される櫛歯電極基板であるFFS基板は、基材と、基材上に形成された面電極と、面電極上に形成された絶縁膜と、絶縁膜上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極と、絶縁膜上に線状電極を覆うように形成された液晶配向膜とを有する。
図1に例示する横電界液晶表示素子1においては、液晶配向膜2cを具備する櫛歯電極基板2と液晶配向膜4aを具備する対向基板4との間に、液晶3が挟持されている。櫛歯電極基板2は、基材2aと、基材2a上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極2bと、基材2a上に線状電極2bを覆うように形成された液晶配向膜2cとを有している。対向基板4は、基材4bと、基材4b上に形成された液晶配向膜4aとを有している。液晶配向膜2cは、例えば、本発明の液晶配向膜である。液晶配向膜4cも同様に本発明の液晶配向膜である。
この横電界液晶表示素子1においては、線状電極2bに電圧が印加されると、電気力線Lで示すように線状電極2b間で電界が発生する。
図2に例示する横電界液晶表示素子1においては、液晶配向膜2hを具備する櫛歯電極基板2と液晶配向膜4aを具備する対向基板4との間に、液晶3が挟持されている。櫛歯電極基板2は、基材2dと、基材2d上に形成された面電極2eと、面電極2e上に形成された絶縁膜2fと、絶縁膜2f上に形成され、櫛歯状に配置された複数の線状電極2gと、絶縁膜2f上に線状電極2gを覆うように形成された液晶配向膜2hとを有している。対向基板4は、基材4bと、基材4b上に形成された液晶配向膜4aとを有している。液晶配向膜2hは、例えば、本発明の液晶配向膜である。液晶配向膜4aも同様に本発明の液晶配向膜である。
この横電界液晶表示素子1においては、面電極2e及び線状電極2gに電圧が印加されると、電気力線Lで示すように面電極2e及び線状電極2g間で電界が発生する。
NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、 GBL:γ-ブチロラクトン
BCS:エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル
E型粘度計TVE-22H(東機産業社製)を用い、サンプル量1.1mL、コーンロータTE-1(1°34’、R24)を用いて、温度25℃で測定した。
(1H-NMRの測定)
フーリエ変換型超伝導核磁気共鳴装置(FT-NMR)(AVANCE III、BRUKER社製)500MHz。
固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸エステルNMP溶液150mgをNMRサンプル管(草野科学社製 NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード φ5)に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(DMSO-d6、0.05%TMS(テトラメチルシラン)混合品)0.53mLを添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液の1H-NMRを測定した。エステル化率は、エステル化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、11~13.5ppm付近に現れるカルボン酸のCOOH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
エステル化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはカルボン酸のCOOH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値であり、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値であり、αはポリアミック酸(エステル化率が0%)の場合におけるカルボン酸のCOOH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
ポリイミド粉末20mgをNMRサンプル管(NMRサンプリングチューブスタンダード,φ5(草野科学社製))に入れ、重水素化ジメチルスルホキシド(0.05%TMS混合品)(0.53mL)を添加し、超音波をかけて完全に溶解させた。この溶液の1H-NMRを測定した。イミド化率は、イミド化前後で変化しない構造に由来するプロトンを基準プロトンとして決め、このプロトンのピーク積算値と、9.5~10.0ppm付近に現れるアミック酸のNH基に由来するプロトンピーク積算値とを用い以下の式によって求めた。
イミド化率(%)=(1-α・x/y)×100
上記式において、xはアミック酸のNH基由来のプロトンピーク積算値であり、yは基準プロトンのピーク積算値であり、αはポリアミック酸(イミド化率が0%)の場合におけるアミック酸のNH基プロトン1個に対する基準プロトンの個数割合である。
(合成例1)
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、A1(0.541g、5.00mmol)、A2(1.83g、7.50mmol)、A3(2.40g、7.50mmol)、A4(1.99g、5.00mmol)、B1(5.31g、23.7mmol)及びNMP(88g)を加えて、40℃で20時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液(粘度:400mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、A5(2.99g、15.0mmol)、A6(2.11g、5.00mmol)、A7(1.49g、5.00mmol)、B2(6.91g、23.5mmol)及びNMP(99g)を加えて、40℃で20時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-2)の溶液(粘度:380mPa・s)を得た。
撹拌装置付き及び窒素導入管付きの100mL四つ口フラスコに、A1(0.541g、5.00mmol)、A2(1.83g、7.50mmol)、A3(2.40g、7.50mmol)、A8(1.71g、5.00mmol)、B1(5.31g、23.7mmol)及びNMP(86g)を加えて、40℃で20時間撹拌することで、固形分濃度12質量%のポリアミック酸(PAA-3)の溶液(粘度:400mPa・s)を得た。
(合成例4)
ポリアミック酸(PAA-1)の溶液(30.0g)を、窒素導入管付きの100mL三角フラスコに分取し、C1(12.7g)を加え、室温で12時間撹拌することで、ポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-1)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸エステルのエステル化率は60%であった。
ポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-1)の溶液(42.7g)をイソプロピルアルコール(214g)に注ぎ、生成した沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をイソプロピルアルコールで洗浄し、80℃で減圧乾燥しポリアミック酸エステルの粉末を得た。得られたポリアミック酸エステル粉末(3.6g)にNMP(26.4g)を加えて70℃にて20時間撹拌して溶解させることでポリアミック酸エステル溶液(PAE-1A)を得た。
C1の添加量を6.35gにすること以外は合成例4と同様の手法でポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-2)の溶液を得た。このポリアミック酸エステルのエステル化率は28%であった。
(合成例7)
ポリアミック酸(PAA-3)の溶液(60.0g)を、200mLの三角フラスコに分取し、NMP(20.0g)を加えた後、無水酢酸(4.65g)及びピリジン(0.60g)を加え、55℃で2時間反応させた。この反応溶液をメタノール(341g)に注ぎ、生成した沈殿物を濾別した。この沈殿物をメタノールで洗浄し、80℃で減圧乾燥しポリイミドの粉末を得た。このポリイミドのイミド化率は66%であった。得られたポリイミド粉末(6.6g)にNMP(48.4g)を加えて60℃にて24時間撹拌して溶解させることでポリイミド(SPI-1)溶液を得た。
(実施例1)
合成例4で得られたポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-1)溶液(2.75g)に、合成例2で得られたポリアミック酸(PAA-2)溶液(6.42g)、NMP(4.83g)及びBCS(6.00g)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(V-1)を得た。
使用するポリアミック酸エステル溶液を(PAE-1)溶液から(PAE-1A)及び(PAE-2)溶液に変更した点以外は、実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(V-2)及び(V-3)を得た。
合成例5で得られたポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-1A)溶液(9.17g)に、AD-1のNMP10質量%希釈溶液(0.550g)、NMP(4.28g)及びBCS(6.00g)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(SV-1)を得た。
使用するポリマー溶液をポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-1)溶液からポリアミック酸(PAA-1)溶液に変更した点以外は、実施例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(RV-1)を得た。
合成例7で得られたポリイミド(SPI-1)溶液(5.83g)に、合成例2で得られたポリアミック酸(PAA-2)溶液(2.50g)、NMP(2.77g)、GBL(4.90g)、及びBCS(4.00g)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(RV-2)を得た。
使用するポリマー溶液をポリアミック酸エステル(PAE-1A)溶液からポリアミック酸(PAA-1)溶液に変更した点以外は、参考例1と同様に実施することで、液晶配向剤(RV-3)を得た。
合成例7で得られたポリイミド(SPI-1)溶液(8.33g)に、AD-1のNMP10質量%希釈溶液(0.50g)、NMP(4.93g)、GBL(2.33g)、及びBCS(4.00g)を加え、室温で2時間撹拌して、液晶配向剤(RV-4)を得た。
<FFS駆動液晶セルの構成>
FFSモード液晶表示素子の構成を備えた液晶セルを作製した。
始めに、電極付きの基板を準備した。基板は、30mm×50mmの長方形で、厚みが0.7mmのガラス板であった。基板上には第1層目として対向電極を構成する、ベタ状のパターンを備えたITO電極が形成され、第1層目の対向電極の上には第2層目として、CVD(化学蒸着)法により成膜されたSiN(窒化珪素)膜が形成されていた。第2層目のSiN膜は、層間絶縁膜として機能する膜厚が300nmのものを用いた。第2層目のSiN膜の上には、第3層目としてITO膜をパターニングして形成された櫛歯状の画素電極が配置され、第1画素及び第2画素の2つの画素が形成されており、各画素のサイズは、縦10mm、横5mmであった。このとき、第1層目の対向電極と第3層目の画素電極とは、第2層目のSiN膜の作用により電気的に絶縁されていた。
第3層目の画素電極は、中央部分が内角160°で屈曲した幅3μmの電極要素が6μmの間隔を開けて平行になるように複数配列された櫛歯形状を有しており、1つの画素は、複数の電極要素の屈曲部を結ぶ線を境にそれぞれ第1領域と第2領域を有していた。
AXOMETRICS社製AxoStepを用いて液晶表示素子のツイスト角のばらつきの評価を行った。上記で作製した液晶セルを測定ステージに設置し、電圧無印加の状態で、画素面内のCircular Retardanceの分布を測定して標準偏差σの3倍である3σを算出した。面内均一性は、この3σの値が小さいほど良好であると言える。評価基準として、上記3σ値が、それぞれ、1.10以下の場合を「優良」、1.10より大きく1.20以下の場合を「良」、1.20より大きい場合を「不良」とした。
上記実施例及び比較例の各液晶配向剤を使用する液晶表示素子に関して実施した評価結果を表3に示す。
本評価は、長期交流駆動において液晶配向膜の配向性能が低下することによって生ずる残像(AC残像ともいう。)を評価するものである。液晶配向の安定性が良好であるほどAC残像の抑制効果は高いとみなせる。
上記で作製したFFS駆動液晶セルに対し、60℃の恒温環境下、周波数60Hzで±4Vの交流電圧を120時間印加した。その後、液晶セルの画素電極と対向電極との間をショートさせた状態にし、そのまま室温に一日放置した。上記の処理を行った液晶セルについて、電圧無印加状態における、画素の第1領域の液晶の配向方向と第2領域の液晶の配向方向とのずれを角度として算出した。具体的には、偏光軸が直交するように配置された2枚の偏光板の間に液晶セルを設置し、バックライトを点灯させ、画素の第1領域の透過光強度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルの配置角度を調整し、次に画素の第2領域の透過光強度が最も小さくなるように液晶セルを回転させたときに要する回転角度を求めた。液晶配向の安定性は、この回転角度の値が小さいほど良好であると言える。評価基準として、上記回転角度の値が、それぞれ、0.10未満の場合を「優良」、0.10°以上で0.20°以下の場合を「良」、0.20°より大きい場合値を「不良」とした。
上記実施例1~3及び比較例1~2の各液晶配向剤を使用する液晶表示素子に関して実施した評価結果を表3に示す。
次に、参考例1及び比較例3~4で得られた各液晶配向剤を用いて形成された液晶配向膜の強度を確認するため、ラビング耐性試験を行った。ラビング耐性試験の評価が良いほど、液晶配向膜の基板からの剥がれが生じにくくなるとみなせる。
それぞれ、参考例1、比較例3~4で得られた、液晶配向剤(SV-1)、(RV-3)~(RV-4)を、全面にITO電極が付いたガラス基板のITO面にスピンコートにて塗布した。80℃のホットプレート上で2分間乾燥させた後、IR式オーブンを用いて230℃、30分焼成を行い、厚み100nmの塗膜を形成させた。この塗膜面に偏光紫外線を300mJ/cm2となるように照射して配向処理を施した。再度IR式オーブンを用いて230℃、30分焼成を行って、液晶配向膜付き基板を得た。
上記のようにして得られた液晶配向膜付き基板に対し、レーヨン布でラビング処理(ローラー直径:120mm、ローラー回転数:1000rpm、移動速度:20mm/sec、押し込み長:0.6mm)した後に、顕微鏡観察を行い、液晶配向膜のラビング耐性を評価した。
液晶配向膜面にラビング処理によるスジが見られなかったものを「〇」、スジがみられたものを「×」として評価した。
Claims (15)
- 下記の(A)成分及び(B)成分を含有することを特徴とする液晶配向剤。
(A)成分:テトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Ta)で表される構造単位(a-1Ta)を有し、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Da)で表される構造単位(a-1Da)を2種類以上有するポリアミック酸エステル(A)
(B)成分:テトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Tb)で表される構造単位(b-1Tb)を有し、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、下記式(1Db)で表される構造単位(b-1Db)を有するポリアミック酸(B)
(式(1Ta)中、R11~R14は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、炭素数1~6のアルキル基、炭素数2~6のアルケニル基、炭素数2~6のアルキニル基、フッ素原子を含有する炭素数1~6の1価の有機基、又はフェニル基を表し、R11~R14の少なくとも一つは上記定義中の水素原子以外の基を表す。2つのR1は、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又はtert-アルキル基を表し、その少なくとも一つはtert-アルキル基を表す。式(1Da)中、Y1は下記式(H1)で表される2価の有機基である。Zはそれぞれ独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)
(式(H1)中、Ar1、Ar1’は、それぞれ独立して、ベンゼン環、ビフェニル構造、又はナフタレン環を表す。Ar1、Ar1’の環上の任意の水素原子は、1価の基で置換されてもよい。Aは、アルキレン構造を有する炭素数1~10の2価の有機基を表す。L1、L1’は、それぞれ独立して、単結合、-O-、-S-、-C(=O)-、-O-C(=O)-、-C(=O)-NR-(Rは水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)、又は-NR-C(=O)-(Rは水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。)を表す。*は結合手を表す。)
(式(1Tb)中、Xbは4価の有機基を表し、式(1Db)中、Ybは2価の有機基を表し、2つのZは、それぞれ独立して、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。) - 前記式(H1)におけるAが下記のいずれかの基である(但し、Rは、水素原子又は1価の有機基を表す。2つのRは互いに同一でも異なっても良い。nは、1~10の整数である。*-(CH2)n1-O-(CH2)n2-*におけるn1、n2は、それぞれ独立して1~6の整数であり、n1及びn2の合計は2~10である。*-(CH2)n1-NR-C(=O)-NR-(CH2)n2-*におけるn1、n2は、それぞれ独立して1~6の整数であり、n1及びn2の合計は2~9である。m1、m2は、それぞれ独立して0~4の整数であり、n’は、1~6の整数であり、m1、m2及びn’の合計は1~8である。*は結合手を表す。)、請求項1に記載の液晶配向剤。
*-(CH2)n-*、
*-(CH2)n1-O-(CH2)n2-*、
*-(CH2)m1-O-C(=O)-(CH2)n’-C(=O)-O-(CH2)m2-*、
*-(CH2)m1-C(=O)-O-(CH2)n’-O-C(=O)-(CH2)m2-*、
*-(CH2)n1-NR-C(=O)-NR-(CH2)n2-* - 前記ポリアミック酸エステル(A)は、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、Y1の少なくとも一つが、Ar1とAr1’が同じ構造である式(H1)で表される2価の有機基であり、他のY1の少なくとも一つがAr1とAr1’が異なる構造である式(H1)で表される2価の有機基である、式(1Da)で表される構造単位を有する、請求項1又は2に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 前記ポリアミック酸エステル(A)は、ジアミン由来の構造単位として、Y1がベンゼン環を3つ以上有する2価の有機基である、式(1Da)で表される構造単位を少なくとも一つ含む、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 上記式(1Tb)におけるXbが、非環式脂肪族テトラカルボン酸二無水物から2つの酸二無水物基を除いた4価の有機基、脂環式テトラカルボン酸二無水物から2つの酸二無水物基を除いた4価の有機基、又は芳香族テトラカルボン酸二無水物から2つの酸二無水物基を除いた4価の有機基であり、かつ、ベンゼン環、シクロブタン環構造、シクロペンタン環構造及びシクロヘキサン環構造よりなる群から選ばれる少なくとも一種の部分構造を有するテトラカルボン酸二無水物又はその誘導体に由来する4価の有機基である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- ポリアミック酸エステル(A)が、前記構造単位(a-1Ta)をテトラカルボン酸誘導体由来の全構造単位1モルに対して5モル%以上含む、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- ポリアミック酸エステル(A)が、前記構造単位(a-1Da)をポリアミック酸エステル(A)が有するジアミン由来の全構造単位1モルに対して5~95モル%含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 光配向処理法用の液晶配向膜の形成に用いられる、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤。
- 請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤から得られる液晶配向膜。
- 請求項10に記載の液晶配向膜を具備する液晶表示素子。
- 下記の工程(1)~(3)を含む、液晶表示素子の製造方法。
工程(1):請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の液晶配向剤を基板上に塗布する工程
工程(2):塗布した液晶配向剤を焼成する工程
工程(3):工程(2)で得られた焼成膜に配向処理する工程 - 前記配向処理が光配向処理である、請求項12に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- 前記光配向処理における放射線の照射量が100~1,500mJ/cm2である、請求項13に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
- さらに下記の工程(4)を含む、請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の液晶表示素子の製造方法。
工程(4):工程(3)で配向処理された焼成膜に対して50~300℃の加熱処理を更に行う工程。
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| JP2013156613A (ja) * | 2012-02-01 | 2013-08-15 | Japan Display Inc | 配向膜およびそれを用いた液晶表示装置 |
| JP2017146595A (ja) * | 2016-02-15 | 2017-08-24 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜、及び液晶表示素子 |
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