WO2022118632A1 - 光ノード装置 - Google Patents
光ノード装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2022118632A1 WO2022118632A1 PCT/JP2021/041636 JP2021041636W WO2022118632A1 WO 2022118632 A1 WO2022118632 A1 WO 2022118632A1 JP 2021041636 W JP2021041636 W JP 2021041636W WO 2022118632 A1 WO2022118632 A1 WO 2022118632A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- signal holding
- gradation data
- transistor
- switching circuit
- holding circuit
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04J—MULTIPLEX COMMUNICATION
- H04J14/00—Optical multiplex systems
- H04J14/02—Wavelength-division multiplex systems
- H04J14/0201—Add-and-drop multiplexing
- H04J14/0202—Arrangements therefor
- H04J14/021—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM]
- H04J14/0212—Reconfigurable arrangements, e.g. reconfigurable optical add/drop multiplexers [ROADM] or tunable optical add/drop multiplexers [TOADM] using optical switches or wavelength selective switches [WSS]
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/136—Liquid crystal cells structurally associated with a semi-conducting layer or substrate, e.g. cells forming part of an integrated circuit
- G02F1/1362—Active matrix addressed cells
- G02F1/136286—Wiring, e.g. gate line, drain line
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3685—Details of drivers for data electrodes
- G09G3/3688—Details of drivers for data electrodes suitable for active matrices only
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G3/00—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes
- G09G3/20—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters
- G09G3/34—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source
- G09G3/36—Control arrangements or circuits, of interest only in connection with visual indicators other than cathode-ray tubes for presentation of an assembly of a number of characters, e.g. a page, by composing the assembly by combination of individual elements arranged in a matrix no fixed position being assigned to or needed to be assigned to the individual characters or partial characters by control of light from an independent source using liquid crystals
- G09G3/3611—Control of matrices with row and column drivers
- G09G3/3696—Generation of voltages supplied to electrode drivers
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133526—Lenses, e.g. microlenses or Fresnel lenses
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1345—Conductors connecting electrodes to cell terminals
- G02F1/13454—Drivers integrated on the active matrix substrate
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2203/00—Function characteristic
- G02F2203/12—Function characteristic spatial light modulator
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G09—EDUCATION; CRYPTOGRAPHY; DISPLAY; ADVERTISING; SEALS
- G09G—ARRANGEMENTS OR CIRCUITS FOR CONTROL OF INDICATING DEVICES USING STATIC MEANS TO PRESENT VARIABLE INFORMATION
- G09G2330/00—Aspects of power supply; Aspects of display protection and defect management
- G09G2330/02—Details of power systems and of start or stop of display operation
- G09G2330/021—Power management, e.g. power saving
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
- H04Q—SELECTING
- H04Q11/00—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems
- H04Q11/0001—Selecting arrangements for multiplex systems using optical switching
- H04Q11/0005—Switch and router aspects
- H04Q2011/0007—Construction
- H04Q2011/0026—Construction using free space propagation (e.g. lenses, mirrors)
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical node device.
- Optical networks are used to support modern demand for high-speed, high-capacity telecommunications. These networks utilize as much optical spectrum as possible, commonly using a technique known as wavelength division multiplexing (WDM).
- WDM wavelength division multiplexing
- optical node devices corresponding to the branch points of the optical network are used. It is often desirable to use reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer (ROADM) devices with reconfigurable add / drop capabilities in optical node appliances.
- ROADM reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexer
- a wavelength selection switch may be used for routing any wavelength channel.
- a light beam deflection device such as a spatial light modulator may be used to select the wavelength for deflection to the desired output port.
- WSS which uses a reflective spatial light modulator, is currently in use.
- the present embodiment aims to provide an optical node device capable of increasing reliability in view of the above problems.
- the optical node device has an input / output unit having an input port for incident light and an output port for emitting emitted light corresponding to each wavelength included in the incident light, and a front.
- a wavelength disperser that spatially disperses the light of each wavelength contained in the incident light according to each wavelength and emits the emitted light to the input / output unit side, and each wavelength dispersed by the wavelength disperser.
- An optical coupler that collects light for each wavelength on a two-dimensional plane and emits the reflected light of each wavelength to the side of the wavelength disperser, and a plurality of pixels arranged at positions on the two-dimensional plane.
- a spatial light modulator that reflects light of each wavelength focused by the optical coupler in a direction determined by routing for each wavelength by expressing gradation by the plurality of pixels, and the above. It includes a spatial optical modulator driving unit that drives the plurality of pixels of the spatial optical modulator. For the gradation, forward rotation gradation data is input to each of the plurality of pixels by the spatial light modulator drive unit in one subframe period of the plurality of subframe periods in which one frame period is divided. , Is formed by inputting inverted gradation data in the other one subframe period of the plurality of subframe periods.
- Each of the plurality of pixels has a first switching circuit that samples the normal rotation gradation data or the inversion gradation data from a data line, and the normal rotation gradation data or the normal rotation gradation data sampled by the first switching circuit.
- the first signal holding circuit that holds the inverted gradation data and the normal rotation gradation data or the inverted gradation data held in the first signal holding circuit are sampled at a timing common to all of the plurality of pixels.
- the second switching circuit and the forward rotation gradation data or the inversion gradation data sampled by the second switching circuit are held for one subframe period, and a second signal is applied to the reflection electrode of the liquid crystal display element. It is equipped with a holding circuit.
- the spatial light modulator drive unit applies a positive / negative AC voltage to the liquid crystal of the liquid crystal display element by inverting the voltage of the common electrode of the liquid crystal display element at the timing, and the forward rotation gradation data and the said. A voltage having an amplitude different from that of the inverted gradation data is supplied to the common electrode.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wavelength selection switch array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wavelength selection switch array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a reflective liquid crystal display device of the wavelength selection array of the first embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a pixel configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a CMOS inverter.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wavelength selection switch array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing a configuration of a wavelength selection switch array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a reflective liquid crystal display
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the magnitude relationship of the driving force between the inverters.
- FIG. 9 is a timing diagram showing the operation of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied voltage of the liquid crystal display and the gray scale value.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 1 and 2 are diagrams showing the configuration of a wavelength selection switch (WSS) array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 1 is a view of the WSS array 10 in a direction opposite to the x-axis direction.
- FIG. 2 is a view of the WSS array 10 in the direction opposite to the y-axis direction.
- the WSS array 10 corresponds to an example of the "optical node device" of the present disclosure.
- the WSS array 10 of the present disclosure uses at least two WSSs in a single package.
- the WSS array 10 of the present disclosure enables independent operation of each WSS within the WSS array 10 without the need for a dedicated optical element.
- many of the optics can be shared between individual WSS devices, thus reducing costs and miniaturization.
- Such devices are ideally suitable for use in modern communication networks, for example as reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers (ROADMs).
- ROADMs reconfigurable optical add-drop multiplexers
- an array with one or more combined two WSSs may ideally be suitable as a component within a branch node using the root and select (RS) architecture.
- the WSS array 10 includes two independent WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2, each of which can operate as an independent WSS device.
- independent refers to the function of the WSS device WSS1 to independently process one or more WDM signals independently of the WSS device WSS2 and vice versa.
- processing is used broadly, for example, to modulate, attenuate, block, redirect, and / or redirect the individual wavelength channels that make up each WDM signal. Including switching.
- the WSS array 10 includes an input / output unit 11 and an optical system 12.
- the optical system 12 is configured to beam-shape each WDM signal beam. Further, the optical system 12 is configured to spectrally disperse (multiplex) the respective WDM signals into the wavelength channels (or groups of wavelength channels) constituting them. Further, the optical system 12 is configured to spectrally couple (multiplex) the dispersed wavelength channels (or groups of wavelength channels) to one or more WDM signals.
- the WSS array 10 includes a reflective liquid crystal display device 13. The reflective liquid crystal display device 13 is configured to optically process the dispersed wavelength channels, for example, to redirect individual wavelength channels along a predetermined path within the WSS array 10.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 corresponds to an example of the "spatial light modulator" of the present disclosure.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 will be described in detail in the second and subsequent embodiments.
- the WSS array 10 uses a symmetric architecture with respect to the axis of symmetry 14, so that the single optical system 12 and the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can be combined with several WSS devices of the WSS array 10, in this example the WSS device WSS1 and. Make it sharable between WSS2.
- the architecture of the first embodiment is that the WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2 of the WSS array 10 are independently controllable devices. Enables. Therefore, the WSS array 10 of the first embodiment is miniaturized and the optical complexity is reduced.
- the WSS array 10 provides a multi-WSS device that retains the independent processing power inherent in larger and more costly devices.
- the input / output unit 11 may include several input ports and output ports for transmitting one or more optical WDM signals.
- the device may include several optical fibers, planar waveguides, etc., all of which may be assigned as input or output ports.
- the input port or output port is implemented as an optical fiber 15.
- any other type of port can be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the input / output unit 11 includes an input / output unit 11-1 for the WSS device WSS1.
- the input / output unit 11-1 includes an input fiber 1 and some output fibers 1a, 1b, ..., 1n.
- n is a natural number.
- the input / output unit 11 further includes an input / output unit 11-2 for the WSS device WSS2.
- the input / output unit 11-2 includes an input fiber 2 and some output fibers 2a, 2b, ..., 2n.
- n is a natural number. Therefore, FIG. 1 shows an array of two 1 ⁇ N WSS devices including WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2 as an example.
- the input / output unit 11 of the WSS array 10 has an input fiber 1, an output fiber 1a, 1b, ..., 1n, an input fiber 2, and an output fiber 2a forming an optical fiber stack arranged along the y-axis direction. 2b, ..., Including an array of 2n.
- the input / output unit 11 further includes an array of collimating lenses 16 in the form of a microlens array.
- the array of collimating lenses 16 is arranged in front (z direction) of an array of corresponding optical power elements, for example, each of which is an output portion and / or an input portion of an optical fiber.
- the collimating lens 16 includes any optical element capable of guiding and / or reorienting the light beam and / or condensing a set of rays.
- the first group including the input fiber 1, the output fibers 1a, 1b, ..., 1n is combined with the first group of the paired collimating lenses 16 to form the input / output unit 11-1 of the WSS device WSS1. Form.
- the second group which includes the input fibers 2, the output fibers 2a, 2b, ..., 2n, is combined with the second group of the paired collimating lenses 16 to form the input / output section 11-2 of the WSS device WSS2.
- FIG. 1 shows a WSS array 10 mounted as a microlens array, other types of WSS arrays can also be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the optical axis of the optical fiber of the first group is displaced with respect to the optical axis of the collimating lens 16 of the first group. Due to this relative positional deviation between the array of input and output ports and the array of collimating lenses 16, the input and output beams of the first group are optical at an angle ⁇ 1 with respect to the axis of symmetry 14. It is sent so as to enter (or exit from) the system 12. As a result, the group of the input beam and the output beam from the WSS device WSS1 is transmitted along the angle ⁇ 1 in the descending direction (opposite to the y-axis direction) as a whole.
- the optical axis of the fibers of the second group is displaced with respect to the optical axis of the collimating lens 16 of the second group.
- the input beam and the output beam of the second group are sent so as to enter the optical system 12 (or exit the optical system 12) at an angle ⁇ 2 with respect to the axis of symmetry 14.
- the group of the input beam and the output beam from the WSS device WSS2 is transmitted along the angle ⁇ 2 in the ascending direction (y-axis direction) as a whole.
- an exemplary example shown in FIG. 1 is a WSS array 10 using two 1 ⁇ N WSSs, namely WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2. Therefore, in the example shown in FIG. 1, the WSS device WSS 1 includes one input fiber 1 that causes the WDM signal beam 31 to be incident on the device, and also includes one input fiber 2 that causes the WDM signal beam 32 to be incident on the device.
- the input fiber / output fiber configuration shown herein is provided for purposes of illustration only and is not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. Rather, any useful input / output port combination can be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
- the WDM signal beam 31 is sent from the input fiber 1 to the device, passes through the collimating lens 16, and then travels through the optical system 12 in the yz plane at an angle ⁇ 1.
- the WDM signal beam 31 is then incident on the lens 21 for shaping the WDM signal beam 31 in the x direction.
- the lens 21 may be a cylindrical lens in which the cylindrical axis extends along the y direction. Therefore, the lens 21 does not affect the WDM signal beam 31 when viewed from the viewpoint as shown in FIG.
- the WDM signal beam 31 passes through the lens 21 and then is incident on the lens 22.
- the lens 22 may be a cylindrical lens in which the cylindrical axis extends along the x direction.
- the action of the lens 22 depends on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 positioned on the focal plane of the lens 22. Further, the center (cylindrical axis) of the lens 22 is on the axis of symmetry 14. Since the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 is positioned on the focal plane of the lens 22, any set of parallel rays entering the lens 22 will be focused at the same height on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13. Conversely, any set of rays starting at the same height on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 will exit the lens 22 as a set of parallel rays.
- any incident beam (for example, WDM signal beam 31) traveling along the angle ⁇ 1 is directed by the lens 22 toward the position LC1 in the y-axis direction on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13.
- the group of light rays 41 starting from the position LC1 on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 exits the lens 22 as parallel rays traveling at the same angle ⁇ 1 as shown in FIG.
- any incident beam traveling along the angle ⁇ 2 eg, the WDM signal beam 32
- the group of light rays 42 starting from the position LC2 on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 exits the lens 22 as parallel light rays traveling at the same angle ⁇ 2 as shown in FIG.
- the WDM signal beam 31 angularly disperses the wavelength channel of the WDM signal beam 31 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2. It passes through the dispersion element 24 to be made to pass.
- the dispersion element 24 may be a transmission type optical component such as a diffraction grating or a prism.
- the dispersion element 24 corresponds to an example of the "wavelength disperser" of the present disclosure.
- the dispersed wavelength channels pass through the dispersion element 24, and then, as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the lens 23 condenses the dispersed wavelength channels on the surface of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 for each wavelength channel. Pass through.
- the lens 23 may be a cylindrical lens.
- the lens 23 corresponds to an example of the "optical coupler" of the present disclosure.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 is a two-dimensional pixelated optical element, for example, a pixelated spatial light modulator.
- a two-dimensional pixelated optic is one of the distributed wavelength channels such that one or more of the distributed wavelength channels are routed to any one of the output fibers, as described in more detail below. Or it can reflect more than one, or it can be redirected.
- the WSS device WSS1 since there is a lens 22, all the light rays starting from the position LC1 on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 are output from the lens 22 along the angle ⁇ 1 as shown in FIG. Will be done. However, all the light rays starting from the position LC1 on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 are displaced with respect to each other by an amount corresponding to the deflection angle from the reflective liquid crystal display device 13. Therefore, if the deflection angle is set appropriately, the reflected output light beam can be routed to any output fiber among the output fibers 1a, 1b, ..., 1n.
- the reflected output ray is, for example, a reflected output ray corresponding to a group of rays 41, each of which may contain one or more of the wavelength channels of the WDM signal beam 31.
- each of the collimating lenses 16 is displaced by the same amount with respect to its corresponding output fiber, so that the individual output beams are relocated to their respective output fibers with improved efficiency. It is possible to be combined.
- the reflected output ray is, for example, a reflected output ray corresponding to a group of rays 42, each of which may contain one or more of the wavelength channels of the WDM signal beam 32.
- each of the collimating lenses 16 is displaced by the same amount with respect to its corresponding output fiber, so that the individual output beams are relocated to their respective output fibers with improved efficiency. It is possible to be combined.
- the combination of the input / output unit 11 and the lens 22 emits a given set of beams along a given angle (for example, the angle ⁇ 1 in the case of the WSS device WSS1 and the angle ⁇ 2 in the case of the WSS device WSS2). ..
- the combination of the input / output unit 11 and the lens 22 then directs these beams toward positions (position LC1 and position LC2) on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 that depends only on the input angle, the WSS array device. Bring. Therefore, the WSS array 10 is an optical system 12 and a reflective liquid crystal display device having the same two sets of WDM signal beams 31 and 32 from WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2, or rays 41 and 42 to WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2. Allows 13 to be shared. On the other hand, the WSS array 10 at the same time retains the ability of the WSS array to process the individual wavelength channels separately.
- the stack of fibers and microlenses constituting the input / output unit 11 is observed from the upper part of the fiber stack, and therefore only the input fiber 1 is visible together with its corresponding collimating lens 16.
- the following description focuses on the WSS device WSS1, but due to the symmetry of the system, the exact same description applies to the WSS device WSS2.
- the WDM signal beam 31 is incident on the system via the input fiber 1.
- the angle ⁇ 1 is invisible because it is in the direction of entering the inner side of the paper surface.
- the WDM signal beam 31 includes several wavelength channels, which have a wavelength range from the longest wavelength ⁇ 1 to the shortest wavelength ⁇ n.
- the number of wavelength channels may be large, for example 96 wavelength channels with intervals of 50 GHz or 100 GHz on a fixed grid.
- the device can use frequency intervals of, for example, 12.5 GHz and can be used in adaptive grid systems with 97 or more wavelength channels, such as 130 or more wavelength channels.
- the WDM signal beam 31 first incidents on the lens 21.
- the lens 21 functions to extend the beam on the dispersion element 24 to a diameter suitable for achieving the desired beam size.
- the collimating lens 16 and the lens 21 may function as a beam expansion telescope.
- the dispersion element 24 functions to angularly disperse the wavelength channel of the WDM signal beam 31 in the x-axis direction, as shown in FIG.
- Each of the wavelength channels 51 to 5n is angularly dispersed in the x-axis direction by the dispersion element 24, and then condensed on the surface of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 by the lens 23.
- the wavelength channels 51 to 5n are spatially dispersed in the wavelength dispersion direction (x-axis direction) on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 according to the wavelength.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram showing a reflective liquid crystal display device of the WSS array according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a view of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 as viewed from the z-axis direction.
- the wavelength channels can be arranged as long strips or elliptical spots on the two-dimensional surface of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13.
- the wavelength channel is treated as a discrete wavelength signal that can be acted upon independently by the reflective liquid crystal display device 13.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 is not limited to acting on an individual wavelength channel, and may act on a group of wavelength channels.
- the wavelength channel or group of wavelength channels does not have to have a fixed bandwidth in itself. This is because the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can be implemented as a dynamically and fully reconfigurable spatial light modulator. Accordingly, the present disclosure may be implemented in the current fixed grid architecture and / or in the current or future developed highly adaptable grid architecture.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 selectively turns one or more of the wavelength channels 51 to 5n in a certain direction. Then, the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 has one or a plurality of output ports (for example, one or a plurality of outputs on the back side of the paper in FIG. 2) for the selected one or a plurality of wavelength channels 51 to 5n. It can be redirected towards the fiber (see Figure 1)). In the case shown in FIG. 2, the direction change achieved by the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 is performed along an angle located in a plane (yz plane) orthogonal to the paper surface. Wavelength channels 51 to 5n are redirected, for example, as shown and described in more detail above with reference to FIG.
- the redirected wavelength channels 51 to 5n are reflected by the reflective liquid crystal display device 13, then incident again on the lens 23, further redirected to reach the dispersion element 24, and recombined in the dispersion element 24.
- those wavelength channels 51 to 5n that are redirected along the same angle are recombinated into a single beam that can then output the processed signal at one of the output ports. Turns along the possible directions.
- the WDM signal beam 31 containing three WDM channels having wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 and channel bandwidths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3, respectively.
- the WDM signal beam 31 enters the system at an angle ⁇ 1.
- the WDM signal beam 31 traveling at the angle ⁇ 1 passes through the center of the lens 22 and is not deflected from the angle ⁇ 1 and is not deflected.
- the three wavelength channels of the WDM signal beam 31 are angularly dispersed in an orthogonal plane (x-z plane), while all of the angularly dispersed channels are at an angle ⁇ 1. Still going on.
- These three dispersed wavelength channels are then focused by the lens 23 at different locations on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13, as shown in FIG.
- the routing function of the device several different routing combinations are possible here. For example, consider the case where all three wavelength channels are desired to be routed to the output fiber 1n shown in FIG.
- the corresponding portion of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 is a wavelength channel of wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 so that the wavelength channels of wavelengths ⁇ 1, ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 each return along one of the rays 41 shown in FIG. Bias each one.
- the action of the dispersion element 24 on the return path for these wavelength channels is to recombine (multiplex) each of the wavelength channels so that they are the same beam that is currently propagating.
- the coupled beam is then redirected by the lens 22 to have an angle ⁇ 1 and propagates along the now displaced output beam 31c from the WDM signal beam 31.
- the action of the collimating lens 16 is to couple the recombined and redirected output beam 31c to the output fiber 1n.
- the action of the WSS device WSS1 is to pass all three wavelength channels of the WDM signal beam 31 from the input fiber 1 to the output fiber 1n.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 deflects the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 1 along the output beam 31a, deflects the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 2 along the output beam 31b, and deflects the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 2 along the output beam 31c. It deflects the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 3.
- the action of the dispersion element 24 is to turn each of these output beams.
- the dispersion element 24 does not recombin the output beams into a single beam, but generates three output beams that spread and travel in a fan shape.
- each of these output beams starts from the same y-axis position LC1 on the reflective liquid crystal display device 13, these output beams propagate along the same angle ⁇ 1 as the original WDM signal beam 31. It is emitted from the lens 22 as a set of parallel rays. However, since each output beam is incident on the lens 22 at a different height (different position in the y-axis direction), the output beams are displaced from each other. Thereby, for example, the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 1 propagates along the output beam 31a, the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 2 propagates along the output beam 31b, and the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 3 propagates along the output beam 31c. It will propagate.
- the action of the WSS device WSS1 is to route the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 1 from the input fiber 1 to the output fiber 1a.
- the action of the WSS device WSS1 is to route the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 2 from the input fiber 1 to the output fiber 1b.
- the action of the WSS device WSS1 is to route the wavelength channel of wavelength ⁇ 3 from the input fiber 1 to the output fiber 1n.
- the WSS array 10 of the present disclosure allows any wavelength channel of the WDM signal beam to be routed to any output fiber of the output fibers as needed. Further, due to the symmetry of the system shown in FIG. 1, the above description also applies to routing the WDM signal beam 32 using the WSS device WSS2. This is because, as shown in FIG. 3, the dispersed wavelength channels of the WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2 are finally focused on different parts of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13, respectively. Further, in the examples shown in FIGS. 1 to 3, one input port and n output ports are used, but the output ports can be reconfigured as input ports, and vice versa. Will be understood. Furthermore, any number of input and output ports can be used without departing from the scope of the invention.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 an example explicitly shown in FIGS. 1 to 3 is a WSS array 10 using two WSS devices WSS1 and WSS2, but without departing from the scope of the invention, any number of WSS devices. Can be used. For example, if the I / O unit 11 is designed to use four separate delivery angles, the WSS array 10 may provide four independent WSS devices.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram showing a configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device according to a second embodiment.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 uses a subframe drive system as the halftone display system.
- a predetermined period for example, in the case of a moving image, one frame period, which is a display unit of one image
- the floor to be displayed is displayed.
- Pixels are driven by a combination of subframes according to the key.
- the displayed gradation is determined by the ratio of the driving period of the pixel to the predetermined period, and this ratio is determined by the combination of subframes.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 includes an image display unit 61 in which a plurality of pixels Pix are regularly arranged, a timing generator 62, a vertical shift register 63, a data latch circuit 64, and a horizontal driver 65.
- the horizontal driver 65 includes a horizontal shift register 65a, a latch circuit 65b, and a level shifter / pixel driver 65c.
- the timing generator 62, the vertical shift register 63, the data latch circuit 64, and the horizontal driver 65 correspond to an example of the "spatial light modulator drive unit" of the present disclosure.
- the line scanning lines g1 to gm of m lines extend in the line direction (x direction), and one end of each is connected to the vertical shift register 63.
- the inverted row scanning lines gb1 to gbm may be provided.
- n (n is a natural number of 2 or more) column data lines d1 to dn extend in the column direction (y direction), and one end of each is connected to the level shifter / pixel driver 65c.
- the inverted column data lines db1 to dbn may be provided.
- the image display unit 61 has a plurality of pixel Pix provided at each intersection where the row scanning lines g1 to gm and the column data lines d1 to dn intersect. That is, the plurality of pixels Pix are arranged in a two-dimensional matrix.
- All the pixels Pix in the image display unit 61 are commonly connected to the trigger line trig whose one end is connected to the timing generator 62.
- an inversion trigger line trigb may be provided.
- the forward (non-inverting) row scanning pulse transmitted from the row scanning lines g1 to gm and the inverted row scanning pulse transmitted from the inverted row scanning lines gb1 to gbm always have an inverse logic value relationship (complementary relationship). )It is in.
- the forward rotation (non-inverted) data transmitted from the column data lines d1 to dn and the inverted data transmitted from the inverted column data lines db1 to dbn always have an inverse logic value relationship (complementary relationship).
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG transmitted by the trigger line trig and the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB transmitted by the reverse trigger line trigb are always in an inverse logic value relationship (complementary relationship).
- the timing generator 62 receives an external signal such as a vertical synchronization signal Vst, a horizontal synchronization signal Hst, and a basic clock signal CLK from the host device 71 as an input signal.
- the timing generator 62 is an internal signal such as an AC signal FR, a vertical start pulse VST, a horizontal start pulse HST, a clock signal VCK and HCK, a latch pulse LT, a forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG, and an inverting trigger pulse TRIGB based on an external signal. To generate.
- the AC signal FR is a signal whose polarity is inverted for each subframe, and is supplied to the common electrode of the liquid crystal element in the pixel Pix constituting the image display unit 61 as a common electrode voltage Vcom described later.
- the vertical start pulse VST is a pulse signal output at the start timing of each subframe described later, and the switching of subframes is controlled by the vertical start pulse VST.
- the horizontal start pulse HST is a pulse signal output at the start timing input to the horizontal shift register 65a.
- the clock signal VCK is a shift clock that defines one horizontal scanning period (1H) in the vertical shift register 63, and the vertical shift register 63 performs a shift operation at the timing of the clock signal VCK.
- the clock signal HCK is a shift clock in the horizontal shift register 65a, and is a signal for shifting data with a width of 32 bits.
- the latch pulse LT is a pulse signal output at the timing when the horizontal shift register 65a finishes shifting the data corresponding to the number of pixels in one row in the horizontal direction.
- the timing generator 62 supplies the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG through the trigger line trig and the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB through the reverse rotation trigger line trigb to all the pixels Pix in the image display unit 61.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB are output immediately after writing data to the first signal holding circuit (described later) in each pixel Pix in the image display unit 61 within the subframe period.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB use the data of the first signal holding circuit (described later) of all the pixel Pix in the image display unit 61 within the output subframe period as the second signal in the same pixel Pix. It is a signal to be transferred to the holding circuit (described later) at once.
- the vertical shift register 63 transfers the vertical start pulse VST supplied at the beginning of each subframe according to the clock signal VCK. Further, the vertical shift register 63 sequentially and exclusively supplies a normal rotation scanning pulse for the row scanning lines g1 to gm and an inverted row scanning pulse for the inverted row scanning lines gb1 to gbm in 1H units. do. The vertical shift register 63 supplies a forward scan pulse from all the row scan lines g1 to gm and supplies a reverse row scan pulse from all the reverse row scan lines gb1 to gbm in one frame period.
- the row scanning line g and the inverted row scanning line g and the inverted row scanning line g and the inverted row scanning line g and the inverted row scanning line g and the inverted row scanning line gb1 from the top row scanning line g1 and the inverted row scanning line gb1 to the bottom row scanning line gm and the inverted row scanning line gbm in the image display unit 61.
- One row scanning line gb is sequentially selected in 1H units.
- the data latch circuit 64 latches 32-bit width data supplied for each subframe supplied from an external circuit (not shown) based on the basic clock signal CLK from the host device 71. After that, the data latch circuit 64 outputs the latched data to the horizontal shift register 65a in synchronization with the basic clock signal CLK.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 divides one frame of the video signal into a plurality of subframes having a display period shorter than one frame period of the video signal, and subframes. Gradation is displayed by the combination of.
- the above-mentioned external circuit is a 1-bit sub of each subframe unit for displaying the gradation data indicating the gradation of each pixel of the video signal in the entire plurality of the plurality of subframes. Convert to frame data. Then, the external circuit further collects the subframe data for 32 pixels in the same subframe and supplies the data in the 32-bit width to the data latch circuit 64.
- the horizontal shift register 65a When viewed in the 1-bit serial data processing system, the horizontal shift register 65a starts the shift by the horizontal start pulse HST first supplied from the timing generator 62 to 1H. Then, the horizontal shift register 65a shifts the 32-bit width data supplied from the data latch circuit 64 in synchronization with the clock signal HCK.
- the latch pulse LT is supplied from the timing generator 62 when the horizontal shift register 65a has finished shifting data for n bits, which is the same as the number of pixels n for one line of the image display unit 61.
- the latch circuit 65b latches n bits of data (that is, subframe data of n pixels in the same row) supplied in parallel from the horizontal shift register 65a according to the latch pulse LT, and the level shifter / pixel driver 65c level shifter.
- the level shifter in the level shifter / pixel driver 65c shifts the signal level of n subframe data corresponding to one row of n pixels latched and supplied by the latch circuit 65b to the liquid crystal drive voltage amplitude.
- the pixel driver in the level shifter / pixel driver 65c outputs n subframe data corresponding to n pixels in one row after level shift in parallel from n column data lines d1 to dn.
- the horizontal driver 65 simultaneously outputs the data for the pixel row in which the data is written this time in 1H and shifts the data related to the pixel row in which the data is written in the next 1H.
- n subframe data for one latched row are output in parallel and all at once from n column data lines d1 to dn as data signals.
- the n pixel Pix in one row selected by the normal rotation scan pulse from the vertical shift register 63 can generate n subframe data for one row simultaneously output from the level shifter / pixel driver 65c. Samples are made through the column data lines d1 to dn of the book. Then, the n pixel Pix in one row writes the sampled n subframe data for one row to the first signal holding circuit (described later) in each pixel Pix.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a pixel configuration of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the second embodiment.
- the pixel Pix is arranged at the intersection of the row scanning line g and the column data line d.
- the pixel Pix includes a first memory 81 and a second memory 82 that store 1-bit gradation data (pixel data), respectively.
- the first memory 81 includes a switch 81a and a first signal holding circuit 81b.
- the second memory 82 includes a switch 82a and a second signal holding circuit 82b.
- Pixel Pix includes a liquid crystal display element LC.
- a liquid crystal LCM is sandwiched between the reflective electrodes PE and the common electrode CE arranged so as to face each other.
- the common electrode CE is formed on the facing substrate of the reflective liquid crystal display device 13, but the present disclosure is not limited to this.
- the column data line d is connected to the horizontal driver 65 (see FIG. 4).
- the horizontal driver 65 drives a specific column data line d by changing the drive timing.
- the row scan line g is connected to the vertical shift register 63 (see FIG. 4).
- the vertical shift register 63 drives a specific row scan line g by changing the drive timing.
- the switch 81a is turned on when a forward-rotating scanning pulse is supplied to the row scanning line g. At this time, the gradation data supplied from the column data line d is written to the first signal holding circuit 81b via the switch 81a.
- the switch 82a is turned on when the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied to the trigger line trig. At this time, the gradation data held in the first signal holding circuit 81b is transferred to the second signal holding circuit 82b via the switch 82a.
- the gradation data transferred to the second signal holding circuit 82b is supplied to the reflective electrode PE of the liquid crystal display element LC.
- 1-bit gradation data is written in the first memory 81 in the pixel Pix.
- 1-bit gradation data is written to all the pixel Pix.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied to the trigger line trig commonly connected to all the pixel Pix, so that the gradation data held in the first memory 81 in all the pixel Pix is the second memory. Transferred to 82.
- a reflection electrode PE is connected to the second memory 82, and the gradation data held in the second memory 82 is applied to the liquid crystal display element LC.
- the supply of the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG ends, so that the first memory 81 and the second memory 82 become non-conducting. .. Then, once again, 1-bit gradation data is written in the first memory 81 of all the pixels Pix. While the gradation data is being written to the first memory 81, the gradation data held in the second memory 82 continues to be applied to the liquid crystal display element LC.
- the gradation data will be explained.
- the normal rotation subframe gradation data is written in all the pixels Pix, and the liquid crystal display element LC displays the normal rotation subframe gradation data based on the normal rotation subframe gradation data.
- the inverted gradation data is written to the first memory 81 of all the pixels Pix.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied, and the inverted gradation data is transferred to the second memory 82 of all the pixels Pix at once.
- the liquid crystal display element LC displays based on the inverted gradation data.
- the common electrode voltage Vcom supplied to the common electrode CE of the liquid crystal display element LC is inverted.
- the relationship between the inverting gradation data and the common electrode voltage Vcom is a voltage on the opposite side as compared with the case where the normal rotation subframe gradation data is applied to the liquid crystal display element LC. That is, the liquid crystal display element LC can perform positive / negative AC drive by sequentially inputting the forward rotation subframe gradation data and the reverse rotation gradation data to the pixel Pix. As a result, a highly reliable reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can be realized without burning the liquid crystal display element LC.
- the time for writing the gradation data to the first memory 81 of the pixel Pix and the time for applying the gradation data to the reflection electrode PE of the liquid crystal display element LC can be separated. That is, the gradation data written in the first memory 81 during the gradation data writing time is not applied to the liquid crystal display element LC at the time of being written in the first memory 81. Therefore, the voltage relationship between the voltage of the reflecting electrode PE and the common electrode voltage Vcom is not broken during the writing of the gradation data to the first memory 81. Therefore, it is not necessary to turn off the liquid crystal display element LC by setting the reflective electrode PE and the common electrode CE at the same potential during the gradation data writing time as in the conventional case.
- the display loss time of the liquid crystal display element LC in the gradation data writing time can be eliminated, it is possible to provide a high-performance reflective liquid crystal display device 13 having good gradation. Further, there is no restriction that the liquid crystal display element LC cannot display during the gradation data writing time. Therefore, it is possible to realize a high-performance reflective liquid crystal display device 13 without sacrificing gradation even for a device having a large number of pixels such as FHD (1920 ⁇ 1080) and 4K2K.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- the column data line d and the inverted column data line db are connected to the level shifter / pixel driver 65c (see FIG. 4), respectively, and extend in the column direction (y direction).
- the column data line d and the inverted column data line db are a total of n pairs of columns in which the column data line dj for normal rotation subframe gradation data and the inverted column data line dbj for inverted gradation data are paired. Any pair of data lines.
- Pixel Pix1 is provided at the intersection of an arbitrary pair of column data lines d and inverted column data lines db and an arbitrary one row scanning line g.
- Pixel Pix1 includes a first memory 91 and a second memory 92, and a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the first memory 91 includes switches SW11a and SW11b, and a first signal holding circuit SM11.
- the second memory 92 includes switches SW12a and SW12b, and a second signal holding circuit SM12.
- each of the first memory 91 and the second memory 92 is composed of a static random access memory (Static Random Access Memory: SRAM).
- SRAM Static Random Access Memory
- the switches SW11a and SW11b correspond to an example of the "first switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first signal holding circuit SM11 corresponds to an example of the "first signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first memory 91 corresponds to an example of the "first static random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switches SW12a and SW12b correspond to an example of the "second switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second signal holding circuit SM12 corresponds to an example of the "second signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second memory 92 corresponds to an example of the "second static random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW11a is an N-channel type MOS (Metal) in which the gate is connected to the row scanning line g, the drain is connected to the column data line d, and the source is connected to one input terminal of the first signal holding circuit SM11.
- Oxide Semiconductor It is composed of (NMOS) transistors.
- the switch SW11b is composed of an NaCl transistor in which the gate is connected to the row scan line g, the drain is connected to the inverted column data line db, and the source is connected to the other input terminal of the first signal holding circuit SM11. There is.
- the first signal holding circuit SM11 is a self-holding memory composed of two inverters INV1 and INV2 in which one output terminal is connected to the other input terminal.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV1 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV2, the source of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW11a, and the switch SW12a.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV2 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV1, the source of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW11b, and the switch SW12b.
- NMOS is composed of transistors.
- the switch SW12b has a gate connected to the trigger line transistor, a drain connected to the connection point between the first signal holding circuit SM11 and the switch SW11b, and a source connected to the other input terminal of the second signal holding circuit SM12.
- NMOS is composed of transistors.
- the second signal holding circuit SM12 is a self-holding memory composed of two inverters INV3 and INV4 in which one output terminal is connected to the other input terminal.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV3 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV4, the source of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW12a, and the reflection electrode PE.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV4 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV3 and the source of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW12b.
- Each of the inverters INV1, INV2, INV3 and INV4 is exemplified by the configuration of a CMOS (Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor) inverter.
- CMOS Complementary Metal Oxide Semiconductor
- FIG. 7 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of a CMOS inverter.
- the source of the polyclonal transistor Ptr is connected to the power supply voltage VDD.
- the drain of the polyclonal transistor Ptr is connected to the drain of the nanotube transistor Ntr.
- the source of the IGMP transistor Ntr is connected to the reference voltage GND.
- the gate of the ProLiant transistor Ptr and the gate of the MIMO transistor Ntr are connected to each other and are input terminals IN of the CMOS inverter.
- the drain of the FIGURE transistor Ptr and the drain of the Now's transistor Ntr are connected to each other and are the output terminals OUT of the CMOS inverter.
- the gradation data is written to the first memory 91 via the two switches SW11a and SW11b operated by the normal rotation scanning pulse.
- Gradation data having opposite polarities is supplied to the column data line d and the inverted column data line db.
- the two switches SW11a and SW11b are composed of an HCl transistor.
- the power supply voltage VDD is supplied to the drain of the IGMP transistor of one switch, and the reference voltage GND is supplied to the drain of the IGMP transistor of the other switch.
- the gradation data is written to the second memory 92 via two switches SW12a and SW12b operated by the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG. Gradation data having opposite polarities is supplied to the wiring m between the output terminal of the inverter INV2 and the switch SW12a and the wiring mb between the output terminal of the inverter INV1 and the switch SW12b.
- the two switches SW12a and SW12b are composed of an nanotube transistor. Of the switches SW12a and SW12b, the power supply voltage VDD is supplied to the drain of the IGMP transistor of one switch, and the reference voltage GND is supplied to the drain of the IGMP transistor of the other switch.
- the driving force of the inverters INV3 and INV4 constituting the second memory 92 needs to be smaller than the driving force of the inverters INV1 and INV2 constituting the first memory 91. That is, when the gradation data of the first memory 91 and the second memory 92 are different, the output of the inverter INV1 and the output of the inverter INV3 compete with each other when the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied.
- the driving force of the inverter INV1 needs to be larger than the driving force of the inverter INV3 so that the gradation data of the inverter INV4 can be reliably rewritten by the gradation data of the inverter INV1.
- the driving force of the inverter INV2 needs to be larger than the driving force of the inverter INV4.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the magnitude relationship of the driving force between the inverters.
- the nanotube transistor constituting the switch SW12b is turned on by the "H" level of the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG, and the outputs of the inverter INV1 and the inverter INV3 are electrically connected to each other.
- the current flows from the power supply voltage VDD to the reference voltage GND via the polyclonal transistor PT1 of the inverter INV1 and the nanotube transistor NT2 of the inverter INV3.
- the voltage of the wiring mb is determined by the ratio of the on-resistance of the polyclonal transistor PT1 of the inverter INV1 and the IGMP transistor NT2 of the inverter INV3.
- the IGMP transistor NT1 of the inverter INV1 is on.
- the polyclonal transistor PT2 of the inverter INV3 is on.
- the nanotube transistor constituting the switch SW12b is turned on by the "H" level of the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG, and the outputs of the inverter INV1 and the inverter INV3 are electrically connected to each other.
- the current flows from the power supply voltage VDD to the reference voltage GND via the polyclonal transistor PT2 of the inverter INV3 and the nanotube transistor NT1 of the inverter INV1.
- the voltage of the wiring mb is determined by the ratio of the on-resistance of the polyclonal transistor PT2 of the inverter INV3 and the IGMP transistor NT1 of the inverter INV1.
- the input gate of the inverter INV4 (see FIG. 6) is connected to the wiring mb.
- the output data is fixed to the "L" level or the "H” level by the input of the voltage level of the wiring mb. That is, the output data of the second memory 92 is determined by the voltage level of the wiring mb. Therefore, in order to rewrite the gradation data of the second memory 92 by the gradation data of the first memory 91, the on-resistance of the transistors of the inverters INV1 and INV2 needs to be lower than the on-resistance of the transistors of the inverters INV3 and INV4. be.
- the gradation data of the first memory 91 is the second gradation data level of the second memory 92. It is surely written to the memory 92.
- Using a transistor with low on-resistance can be realized by using a transistor with high driving force, and can be realized by reducing the gate length or increasing the gate width.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG becomes “L” level and the switch is switched. SW12a and SW12b are turned off. Therefore, the second memory 92 holds the transferred gradation data, and fixes the potential of the reflective electrode PE to the potential corresponding to the gradation data for an arbitrary time (here, one subframe period). Can be done.
- the switches SW11a, SW11b, SW12a and SW12b may be configured by a polyclonal transistor. In that case, since it may be considered as having the opposite polarity to the above description, the illustration and description will be omitted.
- switches SW11a, SW11b, SW12a and SW12b may be a transmission gate composed of a polyclonal transistor and an IGMP transistor.
- FIG. 9 is a timing diagram showing the operation of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the third embodiment.
- the row scan line g is directed from the row scan line g1 to the row scan line gm by the normal rotation scan pulse output from the vertical shift register 63.
- the plurality of pixels Pix1 constituting the image display unit 61 are written with gradation data in units of n pixels Pix1 in one row commonly connected to the selected row scanning line g.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG transfers all the pixels Pix1 from the first memory 91 to the second memory 92 all at once. Will be done.
- FIG. 9A schematically shows a write period and a read period of one pixel of 1-bit subframe gradation data output from the horizontal driver 65 from the column data lines d1 to dn.
- the downward slash indicates the writing period.
- the bits B0b, B1b and B2b are inverted data of the gradation data of the bits B0, B1 and B2.
- FIG. 9B shows a forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG output from the timing generator 62 to the trigger line trig.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is output for each subframe.
- FIG. 9C schematically shows the bits of the subframe gradation data applied to the reflective electrode PE.
- FIG. 9D shows a common electrode voltage Vcom.
- FIG. 9E shows the voltage applied to the liquid crystal LCM.
- the switches SW11a and SW11b of the plurality of pixels Pix1 in one row selected by the forward rotation scan pulse output from the timing generator 62 are turned on by the forward rotation scan pulse.
- the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 (FIG. 9A) output to the column data line d is sampled by the switch SW11a and written to the first signal holding circuit SM11.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 is written to the first signal holding circuit SM11 of all the pixels Pix1 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG (FIG. 9B) is simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix1 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switches SW12a and SW12b of all pixels Pix1 are turned on. Therefore, the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 stored in the first signal holding circuit SM11 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM12 via the switches SW12a and SW12b. At the same time, the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 by the second signal holding circuit SM12 is one subframe from the timing T1 to the timing T2 at which the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is input. It is a period.
- the power supply voltage VDD for example, 3.3 V
- a reference voltage GND for example, 0V
- a free voltage can be applied to the common electrode CE as the common electrode voltage Vcom without being limited by the reference voltage GND and the power supply voltage VDD.
- the common electrode voltage Vcom is set to switch to a specified voltage at the same timing as when the "H" level forward trigger pulse TRIG is supplied.
- the common electrode voltage Vcom is 0 V for the subframe period (for example, from timing T1 to timing T2) in which the normal rotation subframe gradation data is applied to the reflective electrode PE, as shown in FIG. 9 (D).
- the voltage is set to be lower than the threshold voltage Vtt of the liquid crystal display.
- the liquid crystal display element LC performs gradation display according to the applied voltage of the liquid crystal LCM, which is the absolute value of the difference voltage between the applied voltage of the reflecting electrode PE and the common electrode voltage Vcom.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram showing the relationship between the applied voltage (RMS (effective) voltage) of the liquid crystal display and the gray scale value.
- the grayscale value curve 101 is shifted to the high voltage side.
- the black gray scale value corresponds to the RMS voltage of the threshold voltage Vtt of the liquid crystal LCM
- the inverted subframe gradation data of bit B0b (see FIG. 9A) of the pixel Pix1.
- Writing to the first signal holding circuit SM11 is started in order.
- the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b is written in the first signal holding circuit SM11 of all the pixels Pix1 of the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix1 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switches SW12a and SW12b of all pixels Pix1 are turned on. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b stored in the first signal holding circuit SM11 is transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM12 via the switches SW12a and SW21b. At the same time, the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b by the second signal retention circuit SM12 is one subframe period from the timing T2 to the timing T3 when the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied. Is.
- the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b always has an inverse logic value relationship with the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b is "0" when the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 is "1", and the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 is "0". In the case of, it is "1".
- the common electrode voltage Vcom has a one subframe period from the timing T2 to the timing T3 when the inverted subframe gradation data is applied to the reflective electrode PE, as shown in FIG. 9D, more than 3.3V.
- the bit value of the forward rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 is "1"
- the bit value of the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b subsequently input is "0". Therefore, the applied voltage of the liquid crystal LCM is ⁇ (3.3V + Vtt), and the direction of the potential applied to the liquid crystal LCM is opposite to that of the normal rotation subframe gradation data of bit B0, but the absolute value is the same. Is. Therefore, the pixel Pix1 displays white as in the case of displaying the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0.
- the bit value of the forward rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0 is "0"
- the bit value of the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B0b subsequently input is "1"
- the applied voltage of the liquid crystal LCM is ⁇ Vtt
- the direction of the potential applied to the liquid crystal LCM is opposite to that of the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0, but the absolute value is the same. Therefore, the pixel Pix1 displays black as in the case of displaying the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B0.
- the pixel Pix1 displays the same gradation in the bit B0 and the bit B0b which is a complementary bit of the bit B0 during the two subframe periods from the timing T1 to the T3. ..
- the pixel Pix1 performs an AC drive in which the potential direction of the liquid crystal LCM is inverted for each subframe. Thereby, the pixel Pix1 can prevent the burn-in of the liquid crystal LCM.
- the first signal holding circuit of the pixel Pix1 of the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B1 (see FIG. 9A).
- Writing to SM11 is started in order.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B1 is written to the first signal holding circuit SM11 of all the pixels Pix1 of the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix1 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switches SW12a and SW12b of all pixels Pix1 are turned on. Therefore, the forward rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B1 stored in the first signal holding circuit SM11 is transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM12 via the switches SW12a and SW12b.
- the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B1 is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B1 by the second memory 92 is one subframe period from the timing T3 to the timing T4 in which the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied. be.
- the first signal holding circuit of the pixel Pix1 of the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B1b (see FIG. 9A).
- Writing to SM11 is started in order.
- the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B1b is written in the first signal holding circuit SM11 of all the pixels Pix1 of the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix1 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switches SW12a and SW12b of all pixels Pix1 are turned on. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B1b stored in the first signal holding circuit SM11 is transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM12 via the switches SW12a and SW12b. At the same time, the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B1b is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B1b by the second signal retention circuit SM12 is one subframe period from the timing T4 to the timing T5 when the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied. Is.
- the inverted subframe gradation data of the bit B1b always has an inverse logic value relationship with the normal rotation subframe gradation data of the bit B1.
- the subframe period in which the inverted subframe gradation data is applied to the reflective electrode PE is higher than 3.3V by the threshold voltage Vtt of the liquid crystal LCM as shown in FIG. 9 (D).
- the threshold voltage Vtt of the liquid crystal LCM as shown in FIG. 9 (D).
- the pixel Pix1 displays the same gradation in the bit B1 and the bit B1b which is a complementary bit of the bit B1 during the two subframe periods from the timing T3 to the T5. ..
- the pixel Pix1 performs an AC drive in which the potential direction of the liquid crystal LCM is inverted for each subframe. Thereby, the pixel Pix1 can prevent the burn-in of the liquid crystal LCM.
- gradation display can be performed by combining a plurality of subframes.
- the display period length of bit B0 and the display period length of bit B0b which is a complementary bit, are the same first subframe period length.
- the display period length of the bit B1 and the display period length of the complementary bit B1b are the same second subframe period length.
- the first subframe period length and the second subframe period length are not always the same.
- the second subframe period length is set to twice the first subframe period length.
- the display period length of the bit B2, the display period length of the complementary bit B2b, and the third subframe period length are set to be twice the second subframe period length. The same applies to the other subframe periods, each subframe period length is determined to be a predetermined length according to the system, and the number of subframes is also determined to be an arbitrary number.
- the gradation data written in the second memory 92 is normal rotation subframe gradation data and reverse rotation subframe gradation data that are switched for each subframe.
- the common electrode voltage Vcom alternately switches to a predetermined potential for each subframe in synchronization with writing.
- the pixel Pix1 can drive the liquid crystal display element LC with positive and negative alternating current. Therefore, the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can suppress the burning of the liquid crystal display element LC, so that the reliability can be improved.
- the pixel Pix1 does not need to turn off the liquid crystal display element LC by setting the reflective electrode PE and the common electrode CE at the same potential during the gradation data writing time. Therefore, the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can eliminate the display loss time of the liquid crystal display element LC in the gradation data writing time, so that the gradation can be improved. Further, since the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 does not have the restriction that the liquid crystal display element LC cannot display during the gradation data writing time, the gradation can be obtained even for a device having a large number of pixels such as FHD and 4K2K. There is no sacrifice.
- the pixel Pix1 sets the driving force of the inverters INV1 and INV2 to be larger than the driving force of the inverters INV3 and INV4, stable and accurate gradation display can be performed.
- the pixel Pix1 can set a high voltage applied to the liquid crystal display element LC, and can widen the dynamic range.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can suppress the decrease in contrast and the decrease in brightness. Further, the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 can increase the reflection angle of the reflected light.
- the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 of the third embodiment which can suppress the decrease in contrast and can suppress the decrease in brightness
- the decrease in contrast from the output beams 31a to 31c is applied.
- the WSS array 10 can improve the S / N (signal / noise) ratio of the wavelength channel.
- the output beams 31a to 31c (see FIG. 1). ) Can be widened.
- the WSS array 10 can improve the S / N ratio of the wavelength channel.
- the WSS array 10 can output a new output beam while maintaining the spatial spacing from the output beams 31a to 31c. This allows the WSS array 10 to increase the wavelength channel.
- the first signal holding circuit SM11 and the second signal holding circuit SM12 are static random access memories. Therefore, the pixel Pix1 can increase the noise immunity.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the fourth embodiment.
- the same components as the pixel Pix1 of the third embodiment are designated by the same reference numerals and the description thereof is omitted. do.
- Pixel Pix2 is provided at the intersection of an arbitrary one column data line d and an arbitrary one row scanning line g.
- Pixel Pix2 includes a first memory 111 and a second memory 112, and a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the first memory 111 includes a switch SW13 and a first signal holding circuit SM13.
- the second memory 112 includes a switch SW14 and a second signal holding circuit SM14.
- each of the first memory 111 and the second memory 112 is composed of SRAM.
- the switch SW13 corresponds to an example of the "first switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first signal holding circuit SM13 corresponds to an example of the "first signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first memory 111 corresponds to an example of the "first static random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW14 corresponds to an example of the "second switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second signal holding circuit SM14 corresponds to an example of the "second signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second memory 112 corresponds to an example of the "second static random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- Pixel Pix2 is composed of two SRAM stages as in pixel Pix1 (see FIG. 6), but writing to the first signal holding circuit SM13 and the second signal holding circuit SM14 is performed via switches SW13 and SW14. It is characteristic in that it is done.
- the switch SW13 is composed of an NaCl transistor in which the gate is connected to the row scan line g, the drain is connected to the column data line d, and the source is connected to one input terminal of the first signal holding circuit SM13. ..
- the first signal holding circuit SM13 is a self-holding memory composed of two inverters INV11 and INV12 in which one output terminal is connected to the other input terminal.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV11 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV12 and the source of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW13.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV12 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV11 and the drain of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW14.
- the switch SW14 is composed of an nanotube transistor whose gate is connected to the trigger line trig, the drain is connected to the output terminal of the first signal holding circuit SM13, and the source is connected to the input terminal of the second signal holding circuit SM14. ing.
- the second signal holding circuit SM14 is a self-holding memory composed of two inverters INV13 and INV14 in which one output terminal is connected to the other input terminal.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV13 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV14 and the reflection electrode PE.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV14 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV13 and the source of the NOTE transistor constituting the switch SW14.
- Each of the inverters INV11, INV12, INV13 and INV14 is exemplified by the configuration of a CMOS inverter (see FIG. 7).
- Pixel Pix2 performs the same operation as described with the timing diagram of FIG. 9 in the third embodiment.
- the switch SW13 of the plurality of pixels Pix2 in one row selected by the normal rotation scanning pulse output from the timing generator 62 is turned on by the normal rotation scanning pulse.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data output to the column data line d is sampled by the switch SW13 and written to the first signal holding circuit SM13.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit SM13 of all the pixels Pix2 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix2 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switch SW14 of all pixels Pix2 is turned on. Therefore, the forward rotation subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit SM13 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM14 via the switch SW14. At the same time, the normal rotation subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the holding period of the normal rotation subframe gradation data by the second signal holding circuit SM14 is one subframe period until the next “H” level normal rotation trigger pulse TRIG is input.
- each pixel Pix2 in the image display unit 61 is selected in line units by the normal rotation scanning pulse in the same manner as described above, and each pixel Pix2 has the inverse logic value of the immediately preceding normal rotation subframe gradation data.
- Inverted subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit SM13.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG constitutes the image display unit 61. It is supplied to all pixels Pix2 at the same time.
- the switch SW14 of all pixels Pix2 is turned on. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit SM13 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM14 via the switch SW14. At the same time, the inverted subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the inverted subframe gradation data by the second signal retention circuit SM14 is one subframe period until the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied.
- Data writing to the first signal holding circuit SM13 is performed via one switch SW13 as described above.
- the transistor in the inverter INV11 on the input side when viewed from the switch SW13 uses a transistor having a larger driving force than the transistor in the inverter INV12 on the output side when viewed from the switch SW13.
- a transistor having a larger driving force than the transistor constituting the inverter INV12 is used as the ⁇ transistor constituting the switch SW13.
- the voltage a on the switch SW13 side of the first signal holding circuit SM13 is at the “L” level and the data on the column data line d is at the “H” level
- the input voltage (threshold) that the inverter INV11 inverts is This is because it is necessary to make the voltage a higher than the voltage).
- the voltage a in the case of the "H” level is determined by the ratio of the current of the NOTE transistor constituting the inverter INV12 to the current of the nanotube transistor constituting the switch SW13.
- the switch SW13 is an ⁇ transistor. Therefore, when the switch SW13 is in the ON state, even if the “H” level power supply voltage VDD is input to the drain from the column data line d, the voltage output from the source is the threshold voltage of the MIMO transistor rather than the power supply voltage VDD. It is lowered by Vth. That is, the “H” level voltage of the voltage a becomes a voltage lower than the power supply voltage VDD by the threshold voltage Vth. Moreover, at this voltage, the NOTE transistor of the switch SW13 operates in the vicinity of the threshold voltage Vth, so that almost no current flows. That is, the higher the voltage a that conducts the switch SW13, the smaller the current that flows through the switch SW13.
- the current flowing through the switch SW13 is larger than the current flowing through the IGMP transistor of the inverter INV12. It needs to be big. Therefore, as the ⁇ transistor constituting the switch SW13, a transistor having a driving force larger than that of the ⁇ transistor constituting the inverter INV12 is used. Considering the magnitude relationship of the driving force, it is necessary to determine the transistor size of the IGMP transistor constituting the switch SW13 and the transistor size of the nanotube transistor constituting the inverter INV12.
- data writing to the second signal holding circuit SM14 is performed via one switch SW14.
- the transistor in the inverter INV14 on the input side when viewed from the switch SW14 uses a transistor having a larger driving force than the transistor in the inverter INV13 on the output side when viewed from the switch SW14.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is at the "H" level and the switch SW14 is turned on.
- the output of the inverter INV11 and the output of the inverter INV13 compete with each other. ..
- the driving force of the inverter INV11 is larger than the driving force of the inverter INV13. Therefore, the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13 is not rewritten by the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit SM14, and the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit SM14 is the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13. Rewritten by.
- ⁇ transistor constituting the switch SW14 a transistor having a larger driving force as compared with the HCl transistor constituting the inverter INV13 is used.
- the inverter INV14 is inverted. This is because the voltage b needs to be higher than the threshold voltage.
- the voltage b in the case of the "H” level is determined by the ratio of the current of the NOTE transistor constituting the inverter INV13 to the current of the nanotube transistor constituting the switch SW14.
- the switch SW14 is an IGMP transistor. Therefore, when the switch SW14 is in the ON state, even if the “H” level power supply voltage VDD is input to the drain from the first signal holding circuit SM13, the voltage output from the source is the DCM transistor rather than the power supply voltage VDD. The voltage becomes lower by the threshold voltage Vth. That is, the “H” level voltage of the voltage b becomes a voltage lower than the power supply voltage VDD by the threshold voltage Vth. Moreover, at this voltage, the NOTE transistor of the switch SW14 operates in the vicinity of the threshold voltage Vth, so that almost no current flows. That is, the higher the voltage b that conducts the switch SW14, the smaller the current that flows through the switch SW14.
- the current flowing through the switch SW14 is larger than the current flowing through the IGMP transistor of the inverter INV13. It needs to be big. Therefore, as the HCl transistor constituting the switch SW14, a transistor having a driving force larger than that of the IGMP transistor constituting the inverter INV13 is used. In consideration of the magnitude relationship of the driving force, it is necessary to determine the transistor size of the IGMP transistor constituting the switch SW14 and the transistor size of the nanotube transistor constituting the inverter INV13.
- the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG becomes the “L” level and the switch SW14 is turned off. Therefore, the second memory 112 holds the transferred gradation data, and fixes the potential of the reflective electrode PE to the potential corresponding to the gradation data for an arbitrary time (here, one subframe period). Can be done.
- switches SW13 and SW14 may be configured with a polyclonal transistor. In that case, since it may be considered as having the opposite polarity to the above description, the illustration and description will be omitted.
- switches SW13 and SW14 may be transmission gates composed of a polyclonal transistor and an NaCl transistor.
- the pixel Pix2 has the same effect as the pixel Pix1 of the third embodiment.
- the pixel Pix2 has the effect of being able to be miniaturized. The reason is as follows.
- Each of the inverter INV11 to the inverter INV14 is composed of two transistors. Therefore, the pixel Pix2 is composed of a total of 10 transistors, and can be composed of a smaller number of elements than the pixel Pix1 (a total of 12 transistors).
- the pixel Pix1 of the third embodiment requires a total of 12 transistors.
- the pixel Pix2 of the fourth embodiment requires a total of 10 transistors.
- liquid crystal display element LC is required to be driven from 3V to 5V, and the transistor needs to be driven to 3.3V or 5V. Therefore, it is necessary to use a transistor having a high withstand voltage and a large size.
- the number of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device is increasing year by year, and there is a strong demand for pixel miniaturization. Therefore, it is necessary to configure a two-stage memory as shown in FIG. 5 with a small number of transistors in a small pixel pitch. ..
- the pixel Pix3 of the fifth embodiment can meet the above-mentioned request.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the same components as the pixel Pix1 of the third embodiment or the pixel Pix2 of the fourth embodiment are the same. Reference numerals are added, and the description thereof will be omitted.
- the pixel Pix3 is provided at the intersection of an arbitrary one column data line d and an arbitrary one row scanning line g.
- Pixel Pix3 includes a first memory 111 and a second memory 121, and a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the second memory 121 includes a switch SW21 and a second signal holding circuit DM21.
- the first memory 111 is composed of a SRAM
- the second memory 121 is composed of a dynamic random access memory (Dynamic Random Access Memory: DRAM).
- the switch SW13 corresponds to an example of the "first switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first signal holding circuit SM13 corresponds to an example of the "first signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first memory 111 corresponds to an example of the "first static random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW21 corresponds to an example of the "second switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second signal holding circuit DM21 corresponds to an example of the "second signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second memory 121 corresponds to an example of the "first dynamic random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW21 is a known transmission gate composed of an nanotube transistor Tr1 and a polyclonal transistor Tr2 in which drains of each other are connected to each other and sources of each other are connected to each other.
- the gate of the IGMP transistor Tr1 is connected to the trigger line trig, and the gate of the polyclonal transistor Tr2 is connected to the inverting trigger line trigb.
- the switch SW21 one terminal is connected to the first signal holding circuit SM13, and the other terminal is connected to the second signal holding circuit DM21 and the reflection electrode PE. Therefore, the switch SW21 is turned on when the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is at the “H” level (in this case, the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB is at the “L” level). Therefore, the switch SW21 reads out the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13 and transfers it to the second signal holding circuit DM21 and the reflection electrode PE.
- the switch SW21 is turned off when the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is at the “L” level (in this case, the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB is at the “H” level), and the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13 is turned off. Is not read.
- the switch SW21 is a known transmission gate composed of the HCl transistor Tr1 and the polyclonal transistor Tr2, it is possible to turn on / off the voltage in the range from the reference voltage GND to the power supply voltage VDD. That is, when the signal applied to the gates of the nanotube transistor Tr1 and the polyclonal transistor Tr2 is the voltage (“L” level) on the reference voltage GND side, the polyclonal transistor Tr2 cannot be conducted. Instead, the IGMP transistor Tr1 can conduct with low resistance. On the other hand, when the signal applied to the gates of the nanotube transistor Tr1 and the polyclonal transistor Tr2 is the voltage on the power supply voltage VDD side (“H” level), the norx transistor Tr1 cannot be conducted.
- the polyclonal transistor Tr2 can conduct with low resistance. Therefore, the transmission gate constituting the switch SW21 is controlled to be turned on / off by the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB. By this control, the switch SW21 can switch the voltage range from the reference voltage GND to the power supply voltage VDD with low resistance and high resistance.
- the second signal holding circuit DM21 is composed of the capacitance C1.
- a case where the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13 and the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit DM21 are different will be examined.
- the switch SW21 is turned on and the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13 is transferred to the second signal holding circuit DM21, the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit DM21 is transferred to the first signal holding circuit SM13. It is necessary to rewrite with gradation data.
- the gradation data of the capacity C1 constituting the second signal holding circuit DM21 changes by charging or discharging.
- the charge / discharge of the capacitance C1 is driven by the output signal of the inverter INV11.
- the output signal of the inverter INV11 is "H".
- the polyclonal transistor (see the polyclonal transistor Ptr in FIG. 7) constituting the inverter INV11 is in the on state, and the nanotube transistor (see the HCl transistor Ntr in FIG. 7) is in the off state. Therefore, the capacitance C1 is charged by the power supply voltage VDD connected to the source of the polyclonal transistor of the inverter INV11.
- the output signal of the inverter INV11 is the "L” level.
- the MIMO transistor constituting the inverter INV11 (see the NaCl transistor Ntr in FIG. 7) is in the ON state, and the polyclonal transistor (see the polyclonal transistor Ptr in FIG. 7) is in the off state. Therefore, the charge of the capacitance C1 is discharged to the reference voltage GND via the nanotube transistor of the inverter INV11. Since the switch SW21 is configured as an analog switch using a transmission gate, high-speed charging / discharging of the capacitance C1 becomes possible.
- the driving force of the inverter INV11 is set to be larger than the driving force of the inverter INV12. Therefore, the inverter INV11 can charge and discharge the capacitance C1 constituting the second signal holding circuit DM21 at high speed.
- the electric charge stored in the capacitance C1 may also affect the input gate of the inverter INV12.
- the driving force of the inverter INV11 is set to be larger than that of the inverter INV12, the charging / discharging of the capacitance C1 by the inverter INV11 is prioritized over the data inversion of the inverter INV12. Therefore, the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit SM13 is not rewritten by the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit DM21.
- the pixel Pix3 can transfer 1-bit gradation data from the first signal holding circuit SM13 to the second signal holding circuit DM21 with the amplitude of the reference voltage GND and the power supply voltage VDD. Therefore, when the pixel Pix3 is driven by the same power supply voltage VDD, the applied voltage of the liquid crystal display element LC can be set high, and the dynamic range can be widened.
- the pixel Pix3 has the effect of being able to be miniaturized.
- the first reason is as follows.
- Each of the inverters INV11 and INV12 is composed of two transistors. Therefore, the pixel Pix3 is composed of a total of seven transistors and one capacitance C1, and can be composed of a smaller number of elements than the pixel Pix1 (a total of 12 transistors) and the pixel Pix2 (a total of 10 transistors). ..
- the second reason is that, as described below, the first signal holding circuit SM13, the second signal holding circuit DM21, and the reflective electrode PE can be effectively arranged in the height direction of the element.
- FIG. 13 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the fifth embodiment.
- the capacity C1 includes a MIM (Metal-Insulator-Metal) capacity that forms a capacity between wirings, a Diffusion capacity that forms a capacity between a substrate and polysilicon, and a PIP (Poly-Insulator) that forms a capacity between two layers of polysilicon. -Poly) Capacity, etc. can be used.
- FIG. 13 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device in the case where the capacitance C1 is configured by MIM.
- FIG. 13 on the N-well 201 formed on the silicon substrate 200, a polyclonal transistor PTr11 of an inverter INV11 in which drains are connected to each other by sharing a diffusion layer, and a polyclonal transistor Tr2 of a switch SW21 are formed. ing. Further, on the P-well 202 formed on the silicon substrate 200, an IMS transistor NTr11 of an inverter INV11 in which drains are connected to each other by sharing a diffusion layer as a drain, and an nanotube transistor Tr1 of a switch SW21 are formed. It has been. Note that FIG. 13 does not show the NaCl transistor and the polyclonal transistor constituting the inverter INV12.
- an interlayer insulating film 205 is interposed between the metals above the polyclonal transistors PTr11 and Tr2, and above the nanotube transistors Tr1 and NTr12, so that the first metal 206, the second metal 208, the third metal 210, and the electrode 212 are interposed.
- the fourth metal 214 and the fifth metal 216 are laminated.
- the fifth metal 216 constitutes a reflective electrode PE formed for each pixel.
- the two diffusion layers, each of which constitutes the source of the nanotube transistor Tr1 and the polyclonal transistor Tr2 constituting the switch SW21, are electrically connected to the first metal 206 by two contacts 218, respectively.
- each source of the MIMO transistor Tr1 and the polyclonal transistor Tr2 constituting the switch SW21 is electrically connected to the reflection electrode PE.
- a passivation film (PSV) 217 is formed as a protective film on the reflective electrode PE (fifth metal 216), and is arranged so as to be separated from the common electrode CE which is a transparent electrode.
- a liquid crystal LCM is filled and sealed between the reflective electrode PE and the common electrode CE to form a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the electrode 212 is formed on the third metal 210 via the interlayer insulating film 205.
- the electrode 212, the third metal 210, and the interlayer insulating film 205 between the electrode 212 and the third metal 210 constitute the capacitance C1.
- the first signal holding circuit SM13, the switch SW13 and the switch SW12 are composed of a transistor on the silicon substrate 200 and a first and second layer wiring of the first metal 206 and the second metal 208. be able to. Further, the second signal holding circuit DM21 can be configured by MIM wiring using the third metal 210 on the upper part of the transistor.
- the electrode 212 is electrically connected to the fourth metal 214 via the through hole 219d. Further, the fourth metal 214 is electrically connected to the reflective electrode PE via the through hole 219e. Therefore, the capacitance C1 is electrically connected to the reflective electrode PE.
- Light from a light source passes through the common electrode CE and the liquid crystal LCM, is incident on the reflective electrode PE (fifth metal 216), is reflected, travels backward in the original incident path, and passes through the common electrode CE. It is emitted.
- the pixel Pix3 allocates the fifth metal 216 to the reflection electrode PE, so that the first signal holding circuit SM13, the second signal holding circuit DM21, and the reflecting electrode PE are arranged in the height direction. It becomes possible to arrange it effectively. Therefore, the pixel Pix3 can realize the pixel miniaturization.
- the pixel Pix3 can be composed of pixels having a pitch of, for example, 3 ⁇ m or less, with a transistor having a power supply voltage of 3.3 V.
- the pixels having a pitch of 3 ⁇ m can realize a liquid crystal display panel having a diagonal length of 0.55 inches, 4000 pixels in the horizontal direction, and 2000 pixels in the vertical direction.
- the pixel Pix3 performs the same operation as described with the timing diagram of FIG. 9 in the third embodiment.
- the switch SW13 of the plurality of pixels Pix3 in one row selected by the normal rotation scanning pulse output from the timing generator 62 is turned on by the normal rotation scanning pulse.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data output to the column data line d is sampled by the switch SW13 and written to the first signal holding circuit SM13.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit SM13 of all the pixels Pix3 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the “L” level reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB are simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix3 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switch SW21 of all pixels Pix3 is turned on. Therefore, the forward rotation subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit SM13 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit DM21 via the switch SW21. At the same time, the normal rotation subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the forward rotation subframe gradation data by the second signal holding circuit DM21 is one subframe until the next "H" level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and "L" level reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB are input. It is a period.
- each pixel Pix3 in the image display unit 61 is selected in row units by the normal rotation scanning pulse in the same manner as described above, and each pixel Pix3 has the inverse logic value of the immediately preceding normal rotation subframe gradation data.
- Inverted subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit SM13.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the “L” level inverted trigger pulse TRIGB Is supplied to all pixels Pix3 at the same time.
- the switch SW21 of all pixels Pix3 is turned on. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit SM13 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit DM21 via the switch SW21. At the same time, the inverted subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the inverted subframe gradation data by the second signal holding circuit DM21 is one subframe period until the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and “L” level inverted trigger pulse TRIGB are supplied. Is.
- the switch SW13 may be composed of a polyclonal transistor. In that case, since it may be considered as having the opposite polarity to the above description, the illustration and description will be omitted.
- the switch SW13 may be a transmission gate composed of a polyclonal transistor and an NaCl transistor.
- the switch SW21 may be composed of a polyclonal transistor or an nanotube transistor.
- the pixel Pix3 has the same effect as the pixels Pix1 and Pix2 of the third and fourth embodiments.
- the pixel Pix3 has the effect of being able to be miniaturized.
- FIG. 14 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.
- the same components as the pixels Pix1 to Pix3 of the third to fifth embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals. Therefore, the description is omitted.
- the pixel Pix4 is provided at the intersection of an arbitrary single column data line d, an arbitrary pair of row scanning lines g, and an inverted row scanning line gb.
- Pixel Pix4 includes a first memory 131 and a second memory 132, and a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the first memory 131 includes a switch SW31 and a first signal holding circuit DM31.
- the second memory 132 includes a switch SW32 and a second signal holding circuit SM32.
- the first memory 131 is composed of DRAM
- the second memory 132 is composed of SRAM.
- the switch SW31 corresponds to an example of the "first switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first signal holding circuit DM31 corresponds to an example of the "first signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first memory 131 corresponds to an example of the "first dynamic random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW32 corresponds to an example of the "second switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second signal holding circuit SM32 corresponds to an example of the "second signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second memory 132 corresponds to an example of the "first static random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW31 is a known transmission gate composed of an nanotube transistor Tr31 and a polyclonal transistor Tr32 in which drains of each other are connected to each other and sources of each other are connected to each other.
- the gate of the MIMO transistor Tr31 is connected to the row scan line g
- the gate of the polyclonal transistor Tr32 is connected to the inverted row scan line gb.
- the switch SW31 one terminal is connected to the column data line d, and the other terminal is connected to the first signal holding circuit DM31. Therefore, the switch SW31 is turned on when the forward scan pulse is at the “H” level (in this case, the reverse scan pulse is at the “L” level), and reads out the gradation data of the column data line d. Is transferred to the first signal holding circuit DM31. Further, the switch SW31 is turned off when the forward scan pulse is at the “L” level (in this case, the reverse scan pulse is at the “H” level), and the gradation data of the column data line d is read out. Do not do.
- the switch SW31 is a known transmission gate composed of the MIMO transistor Tr31 and the polyclonal transistor Tr32, it is possible to turn on / off the voltage in the range from the reference voltage GND to the power supply voltage VDD. That is, when the signal applied to the gates of the MIMO transistor Tr31 and the polyclonal transistor Tr32 is the voltage (“L” level) on the reference voltage GND side, the polyclonal transistor Tr32 cannot conduct. Instead, the IGMP transistor Tr31 can conduct with low resistance. On the other hand, when the signal applied to the gates of the nanotube transistor Tr31 and the polyclonal transistor Tr32 is the voltage on the power supply voltage VDD side (“H” level), the norx transistor Tr31 cannot conduct.
- the polyclonal transistor Tr32 can conduct with low resistance. Therefore, the voltage range from the reference voltage GND to the power supply voltage VDD is set to low resistance and high resistance by controlling the transmission gate constituting the switch SW31 on / off by the forward rotation scan pulse and the reverse rotation scan pulse. Can be switched with.
- the first signal holding circuit DM31 is composed of the capacitance C2.
- a case where the gradation data of the column data line d and the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM31 are different will be examined.
- the switch SW31 is turned on and the gradation data of the column data line d is transferred to the first signal holding circuit DM31, the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM31 is the gradation data of the column data line d. Needs to be rewritten.
- the gradation data of the capacitance C2 constituting the first signal holding circuit DM31 changes by charging or discharging.
- the gradation data of the column data line d is transferred to the capacitance C2
- the gradation data is written by the charge transfer between the data line capacitance of the column data line d and the capacitance C2.
- the capacity ratio of the data line capacity of the column data line d and the capacity C2 is as large as about 1000: 1. Therefore, the pixel Pix4 can surely rewrite the gradation data of the capacitance C2.
- the switch SW32 is a known transmission gate composed of an nanotube transistor Tr33 and a polyclonal transistor Tr34 in which drains of each other are connected to each other and sources of each other are connected to each other.
- the gate of the IGMP transistor Tr33 is connected to the trigger line trig, and the gate of the polyclonal transistor Tr34 is connected to the inverting trigger line trigb.
- the switch SW32 one terminal is connected to the first signal holding circuit DM31 and the other terminal is connected to the second signal holding circuit SM32. Therefore, the switch SW32 is turned on when the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is at the “H” level (in this case, the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB is at the “L” level), and the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM31 is turned on. Is read and transferred to the second signal holding circuit SM32. Further, the switch SW32 is turned off when the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is at the “L” level (in this case, the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB is at the “H” level), and the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM31 is turned on. Is not read.
- the second signal holding circuit SM32 is a self-holding memory composed of two inverters INV33 and INV34 in which one output terminal is connected to the other input terminal.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV33 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV34 and the reflection electrode PE.
- the input terminal of the inverter INV34 is connected to the output terminal of the inverter INV33 and the switch SW32.
- Each of the inverters INV33 and INV34 is exemplified by the configuration of a CMOS inverter (see FIG. 7).
- Data writing to the second signal holding circuit SM32 is performed via one switch SW32 as described above.
- the transistor in the inverter INV34 on the input side when viewed from the switch SW32 uses a transistor having a larger driving force than the transistor in the inverter INV33 on the output side when viewed from the switch SW32.
- a transistor having a larger driving force than the transistor constituting the inverter INV33 is used as the transistor constituting the switch SW32.
- the switch SW32 When the switch SW32 is turned on, the electric charge stored in the capacitance C2 drives the input gate of the inverter INV34 and rewrites the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit SM32.
- the output of the inverter INV33 may affect the capacitance C2.
- the capacity on the input side of the inverter INV33 is only the gate capacity constituting the inverter INV33 and the liquid crystal capacity of the liquid crystal display element LC, and the capacity is significantly larger than the gate capacity and capacity C2 constituting the input of the inverter INV34. Few. Further, the driving force of the inverter INV34 is set to be larger than that of the inverter INV33.
- the drive of the inverter INV34 by the capacitance C2 is prioritized over the output of the inverter INV33, and the gradation data of the capacitance C2 is not rewritten by the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit SM33.
- the gradation data of the capacitance C2 is a charge transfer from the column data line d.
- the influence of gate feedthrough and the like that occur at the timing when the nanotube transistor and the polyclonal transistor constituting the switch SW31 are turned off occurs. Therefore, the potential of the capacitance C2 is fixed with the potential fluctuation, and the voltage deviates from the reference voltage GND and the power supply voltage VDD in the direction of reducing the dynamic range.
- the voltage finally applied to the reflective electrode PE is shaped by the second signal holding circuit SM33, so that an accurate reference voltage GND or a power supply voltage VDD is applied. Therefore, the pixel Pix4 can widen the dynamic range.
- the voltage held in the capacitance C2 is for driving the second signal holding circuit SM33. Therefore, even if the voltage held in the capacitance C2 fluctuates to some extent, it is reflected unless the second signal holding circuit SM33 fluctuates beyond the threshold value at which the gradation data can be held at the “L” level or the “H” level. It does not affect the voltage of the electrode PE.
- the voltage of the reflective electrode PE applied to the liquid crystal display LCM is supplied from the second signal holding circuit SM33.
- the polyclonal transistor in the inverter INV34 constituting the second signal holding circuit SM33 is turned on, and the power supply voltage VDD is applied to the reflective electrode PE.
- the IGMP transistor in the inverter INV34 constituting the second signal holding circuit SM33 is turned on, and the reference voltage GND is applied. Therefore, the voltage of the reflective electrode PE is not affected by the leakage current due to light, and the reflective electrode PE can apply a stable voltage to the liquid crystal LCM.
- the switch SW31 that constitutes the first memory 131 and the switch SW32 that constitutes the second memory 132 do not have to be complementary switches using an IGMP transistor and a polyclonal transistor.
- the switch SW31 and the switch SW32 are composed of only an NaCl transistor.
- the switch SW31 and the switch SW32 can pass the "H" level voltage of the input signal only up to VDD-Vth including the substrate effect. That is, when the switch SW31 is composed of only an NaCl transistor, the voltage a at the connection point between the switch SW31 and the capacitance C2 is equal to or less than VDD-Vth even if a voltage of 3.3 V is supplied to the column data line d. For example, it becomes 2.5V. Therefore, a voltage of 2.5V is stored in the capacitance C2.
- the switch SW32 is turned on to rewrite the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit SM33.
- the switch SW32 When the switch SW32 is also composed of only an NaCl transistor, the voltage b at the connection point between the switch SW32 and the second signal holding circuit SM33 is 2.5V, similarly to the voltage a. However, if the voltage b is 1.65 V or more of VDD / 2, it is possible to input an “H” level to the second signal holding circuit SM33 (apply an “L” level to the output reflecting electrode PE). can. Therefore, the second signal holding circuit SM33 can write both "H" level gradation data and "L” level gradation data.
- the switch SW31 and the switch SW32 are composed only of the polyclonal transistors, the voltage range that is not input is the opposite of the above.
- the switch SW31 and the switch SW32 may not be a complementary switch but a switch using one MOS transistor.
- the pixel Pix4 since the number of transistors constituting one pixel is reduced, the pixel Pix4 has an effect that it can be further miniaturized.
- a voltage that is logically inverted from the voltage of the capacitance C2 is applied to the reflective electrode PE. Therefore, as the gradation data to be written to the pixel Pix4, it is necessary to input the inverted data of the data (voltage) to be applied to the reflective electrode PE.
- Pixel Pix4 has the effect that the pixel can be miniaturized.
- the first reason is as follows.
- Each of the inverters INV33 and INV34 is composed of two transistors. Therefore, the pixel Pix4 is composed of a total of eight transistors and one capacitance C1, and can be composed of a smaller number of elements than the pixel Pix1 (a total of 12 transistors) and the pixel Pix2 (a total of 10 transistors). Because.
- the second reason is that the first signal holding circuit DM31, the second signal holding circuit SM32, and the reflective electrode PE are effective in the height direction of the element, as described below. This is because it can be placed in.
- FIG. 15 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the sixth embodiment.
- FIG. 15 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device in the case where the capacitance C2 is configured by MIM.
- FIG. 15 on the N-well 201 formed on the silicon substrate 200, the polyclonal transistor PTr11 of the inverter INV33 to which the drains are connected by making the diffusion layer common, and the polyclonal transistor Tr2 of the switch SW32 are formed. ing. Further, on the P-well 202 formed on the silicon substrate 200, an IMS transistor NTr11 of an inverter INV33 in which drains are connected to each other by sharing a diffusion layer as a drain, and an nanotube transistor Tr1 of a switch SW32 are formed. It has been. Note that FIG. 15 does not show the nanotube transistor and the polyclonal transistor constituting the inverter INV34.
- an interlayer insulating film 205 is interposed between the metals above the polyclonal transistors Tr2 and PTr11, and above the nanotube transistors NTr11 and Tr1, and the first metal 206, the second metal 208, the third metal 210, and the electrode 212 are provided.
- the fourth metal 214 and the fifth metal 216 are laminated.
- the fifth metal 216 constitutes a reflective electrode PE formed for each pixel.
- Each diffusion layer constituting each drain of the IGMP transistor and the polyclonal transistor (not shown), the gate electrode of the nanotube transistor NTr11, and the gate electrode of the polyclonal transistor PTr11 are connected to each other via a contact (not shown).
- Each of the 1 metal 206 is electrically connected.
- the diffusion layer and the gate electrode are electrically connected to the second metal 208, the third metal 210, the fourth metal 214 and the fifth metal 216 via through holes 219a, 219b, 219c and 219e.
- each drain of the MIMO transistor and the polyclonal transistor constituting the inverter INV34 (not shown) is electrically connected to the reflection electrode PE.
- a passivation film (PSV) 217 is formed as a protective film on the reflective electrode PE (fifth metal 216), and is arranged so as to be separated from the common electrode CE which is a transparent electrode.
- a liquid crystal LCM is filled and sealed between the reflective electrode PE and the common electrode CE to form a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the electrode 212 is formed on the third metal 210 via the interlayer insulating film 205.
- the electrode 212, the third metal 210, and the interlayer insulating film 205 between the electrode 212 and the third metal 210 constitute the capacitance C2.
- the second signal holding circuit SM32, the switch SW31 and the switch SW32 are composed of a transistor on the silicon substrate 200 and a first and second layer wiring of the first metal 206 and the second metal 208. be able to. Further, the first signal holding circuit DM31 can be configured by MIM wiring using the third metal 210 on the upper part of the transistor.
- the electrode 212 is electrically connected to the fourth metal 214 via the through hole 219d. Further, the fourth metal 214 is electrically connected to the switches SW31 and SW32 at a place (not shown).
- Light from a light source passes through the common electrode CE and the liquid crystal LCM, is incident on the reflective electrode PE (fifth metal 216), is reflected, travels backward in the original incident path, and passes through the common electrode CE. It is emitted.
- the pixel Pix4 allocates the fifth metal 216 to the reflection electrode PE, so that the first signal holding circuit DM31, the second signal holding circuit SM32, and the reflecting electrode PE are arranged in the height direction. It becomes possible to arrange it effectively. Therefore, the pixel Pix4 can realize the pixel miniaturization.
- the pixel Pix4 can be composed of pixels having a pitch of, for example, 3 ⁇ m or less, with a transistor having a power supply voltage of 3.3 V.
- the pixels having a pitch of 3 ⁇ m can realize a liquid crystal display panel having a diagonal length of 0.55 inches, 4000 pixels in the horizontal direction, and 2000 pixels in the vertical direction.
- the pixel Pix4 performs the same operation as described with the timing diagram of FIG. 9 in the third embodiment.
- the switch SW31 is turned on by the forward-transit scan pulse and the reverse-transit scan pulse. Become. At that time, the forward rotation subframe gradation data output to the column data line d is sampled by the switch SW31 and written to the first signal holding circuit DM31. Hereinafter, in the same manner, the forward rotation subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit DM31 of all the pixels Pix4 constituting the image display unit 61. At the timing after the writing operation is completed, the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the “L” level reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB are simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix 4 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switch SW32 of all pixels Pix4 is turned on. Therefore, the forward rotation subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit DM31 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM32 via the switch SW32. At the same time, the normal rotation subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the normal rotation subframe gradation data by the second signal holding circuit SM32 is one subframe until the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and “L” level reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB are input. It is a period.
- each pixel Pix4 in the image display unit 61 is selected row by row by the forward rotation scan pulse and the reverse rotation scan pulse in the same manner as described above. Then, the immediately preceding normal rotation subframe gradation data and the reverse logic value inversion subframe gradation data are written in the first signal holding circuit DM31.
- the switch SW32 of all pixels Pix4 is turned on. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit DM31 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit SM32 via the switch SW32. At the same time, the inverted subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the inverted subframe gradation data by the second signal holding circuit SM32 is one subframe period until the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and “L” level inverted trigger pulse TRIGB are supplied. Is.
- the pixel Pix4 has the same effect as the pixels Pix1 to Pix3 of the third to fifth embodiments.
- the pixel Pix4 has the effect of being able to be miniaturized.
- FIG. 16 is a diagram showing a circuit configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.
- the same components as the pixels Pix 1 to Pix 4 of the third to sixth embodiments are designated by the same reference numerals. Therefore, the description is omitted.
- the pixel Pix5 is provided at the intersection of an arbitrary one column data line d and an arbitrary one row scanning line g.
- Pixel Pix 5 includes a first memory 141 and a second memory 142, and a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the first memory 141 includes a switch SW41 and a first signal holding circuit DM41.
- the second memory 142 includes a switch SW42 and a second signal holding circuit DM42.
- the first memory 141 and the second memory 142 are composed of DRAM.
- the switch SW41 corresponds to an example of the "first switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first signal holding circuit DM41 corresponds to an example of the "first signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the first memory 141 corresponds to an example of the "first dynamic random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW42 corresponds to an example of the "second switching circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second signal holding circuit DM42 corresponds to an example of the "second signal holding circuit” of the present disclosure.
- the second memory 142 corresponds to an example of the "second dynamic random access memory” of the present disclosure.
- the switch SW41 is composed of an NaCl transistor in which the gate is connected to the row scanning line g, the drain is connected to the column data line d, and the source is connected to the first signal holding circuit DM11.
- the first signal holding circuit DM41 is composed of the capacitance C3.
- a case where the gradation data of the column data line d and the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM41 are different will be examined.
- the switch SW41 is turned on and the gradation data of the column data line d is transferred to the first signal holding circuit DM41, the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM41 is used as the gradation data of the column data line d. Needs to be rewritten.
- the gradation data of the capacity C3 constituting the first signal holding circuit DM41 changes by charging or discharging.
- the gradation data of the column data line d is transferred to the capacity C3
- the gradation data is written by charge transfer between the data line capacity of the column data line d and the capacity C3.
- the capacity ratio of the data line capacity of the column data line d and the capacity C3 is as large as about 1000: 1. Therefore, the pixel Pix5 can surely rewrite the gradation data of the capacitance C3.
- the switch SW42 is composed of an NaCl transistor in which the gate is connected to the trigger line trig, the drain is connected to the first signal holding circuit DM41, and the source is connected to the second signal holding circuit DM42 and the reflecting electrode PE. ..
- the second signal holding circuit DM42 is composed of the capacitance C4.
- a case where the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM41 and the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit DM42 are different will be examined.
- the switch SW42 is turned on and the capacitance C3 and the capacitance C4 are electrically connected, it is necessary to rewrite the gradation data of the second signal holding circuit DM42 with the gradation data of the first signal holding circuit DM41.
- the capacity C3 is made larger than the capacity C4. That is, C3> C4.
- C3> C4 For example, when the capacity C3 holds the “H” level gradation data and the capacity C4 holds the “L” level gradation data, charge neutralization occurs.
- C3> C4 even if the charge is neutralized, the neutralized voltage can be made higher than the threshold voltage. That is, "H" level gradation data can be written in the capacitance C4.
- the pixel Pix5 can reliably rewrite the gradation data of the capacity C4 with the gradation data of the capacity C3.
- the switches SW41 and SW42 may be configured with a polyclonal transistor. In that case, since it may be considered as having the opposite polarity to the above description, the illustration and description will be omitted.
- switches SW41 and SW42 may be transmission gates composed of a polyclonal transistor and an IGMP transistor.
- Pixel Pix5 has the effect of being able to be miniaturized.
- the first reason is as follows.
- the pixel Pix5 is composed of a total of two transistors and two capacitances C3 and C4. That is, the pixel Pix5 includes pixelPix1 (12 transistors in total), Pix2 (10 transistors in total), Pix3 (7 transistors in total and 1 capacitance), and Pix4 (8 transistors in total). It can be composed of a smaller number of elements (capacity of one).
- the second reason is that, as described below, the first signal holding circuit DM41, the second signal holding circuit DM42, and the reflection electrode PE can be effectively arranged in the height direction of the element.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram showing a cross-sectional configuration of pixels of the reflective liquid crystal display device according to the seventh embodiment.
- FIG. 17 shows a cross-sectional configuration of a reflective liquid crystal display device in the case where the capacitances C3 and C4 are configured by MIM.
- the MIMO transistor of the switch SW41 is formed on the P well 202 formed on the silicon substrate 200.
- the drain of the IGMP transistor of the switch SW41 is electrically connected to the column data line d (not shown) via the contact 218a and the first metal 206.
- the ⁇ transistor of the switch SW42 is formed on the P well 203 formed on the silicon substrate 200.
- the drain of the IGMP transistor of the switch SW42 is electrically connected to the source of the IGMP transistor of the switch SW41 via the contact 218b and the first metal 206.
- an interlayer insulating film 205 is interposed between the metals above the MIMO transistor of the switch SW41 and the HCl transistor of the switch SW42, and the first metal 206, the second metal 208, the third metal 210, the electrode 212, and the fourth metal are interposed.
- Metal 214 and fifth metal 216 are laminated.
- the fifth metal 216 constitutes a reflective electrode PE formed for each pixel.
- a passivation film (PSV) 217 is formed as a protective film on the reflective electrode PE (fifth metal 216), and is arranged so as to be separated from the common electrode CE which is a transparent electrode.
- a liquid crystal LCM is filled and sealed between the reflective electrode PE and the common electrode CE to form a liquid crystal display element LC.
- the electrodes 212a and 212b are formed on the third metal 210 via the interlayer insulating film 205.
- the electrode 212a, the third metal 210, and the interlayer insulating film 205 between the electrode 212a and the third metal 210 constitute the capacitance C3.
- the electrode 212b, the third metal 210, and the interlayer insulating film 205 between the electrode 212b and the third metal 210 constitute the capacitance C4.
- the electrode 212a is larger than the electrode 212b.
- the capacity C3 becomes larger than the capacity C4. That is, C3> C4.
- the switch SW41 and the switch SW42 can be configured by the transistor on the silicon substrate 200 and the 1st and 2nd layer wirings of the 1st metal 206 and the 2nd metal 208. Further, the first signal holding circuit DM41 and the second signal holding circuit DM42 can be configured by MIM wiring using the third metal 210 on the upper part of the transistor.
- the source of the nanotube transistor of the switch SW41 is electrically connected to the electrode 212a via the contacts 218c, through holes 219d, 219e, 219f and 219g.
- the third metal 210 facing the electrode 212a is electrically connected to the reference potential (ground potential) via the through hole 219h.
- the source of the nanotube transistor of the switch SW42 is electrically connected to the electrode 212b via the contacts 218d, through holes 219j, 219k, 219l and 219m.
- the third metal 210 facing the electrode 212b is electrically connected to the reference potential (ground potential) via the through hole 219n.
- the electrode 212b is electrically connected to the reflective electrode PE via through holes 219m and 219o.
- Light from a light source passes through the common electrode CE and the liquid crystal LCM, is incident on the reflective electrode PE (fifth metal 216), is reflected, travels backward in the original incident path, and passes through the common electrode CE. It is emitted.
- the pixel Pix5 enables the first signal holding circuit DM41, the second signal holding circuit DM42, and the reflecting electrode PE to be effective in the height direction by allocating the fifth metal 216 to the reflecting electrode PE. It will be possible to place it in. Therefore, the pixel Pix5 can realize the pixel miniaturization.
- the pixel Pix5 can be composed of pixels having a pitch of, for example, 3 ⁇ m or less, with a transistor having a power supply voltage of 3.3 V.
- the pixels having a pitch of 3 ⁇ m can realize a liquid crystal display panel having a diagonal length of 0.55 inches, 4000 pixels in the horizontal direction, and 2000 pixels in the vertical direction.
- the pixel Pix5 performs the same operation as described with the timing diagram of FIG. 9 in the third embodiment.
- the switch SW41 is turned on by the normal rotation scanning pulse.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data output to the column data line d is sampled by the switch SW41 and written to the first signal holding circuit DM41.
- the forward rotation subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit DM41 of all the pixels Pix5 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is simultaneously supplied to all the pixels Pix 5 constituting the image display unit 61.
- the switches SW42 of all the pixels Pix5 are turned on. Therefore, the forward rotation subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit DM41 is the switch SW4. It is transferred and held all at once to the second signal holding circuit DM42 via 2. At the same time, the normal rotation subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the forward rotation subframe gradation data by the second signal retention circuit DM42 is one subframe period until the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is input.
- each pixel Pix5 in the image display unit 61 is selected in line units by the normal rotation scanning pulse in the same manner as described above, and each pixel Pix5 has the inverse logic value of the immediately preceding forward rotation subframe gradation data.
- Inverted subframe gradation data is written to the first signal holding circuit DM41.
- the “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG constitutes the image display unit 61. It is supplied to all pixels Pix5 at the same time.
- the switch SW42 of all pixels Pix5 is turned on. Therefore, the inverted subframe gradation data stored in the first signal holding circuit DM41 is collectively transferred to and held in the second signal holding circuit DM42 via the switch SW42. At the same time, the inverted subframe gradation data is applied to the reflection electrode PE.
- the retention period of the inverted subframe gradation data by the second signal retention circuit DM42 is one subframe period until the next “H” level forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG is supplied.
- the pixel Pix5 has the same effect as the pixels Pix1 to Pix4 of the third to sixth embodiments.
- the pixel Pix5 has the effect of being able to be miniaturized.
- the pixel Pix5 may have the above-mentioned charge neutralization and has lower noise immunity than the SRAM, it can be further miniaturized as compared with the pixels Pix1 to Pix4. Therefore, it may be determined which of the pixels Pix1 to Pix5 is adopted according to the specifications required for the reflective liquid crystal display device 13 (for example, miniaturization priority, noise immunity priority, etc.).
- the pixels of the portion 13a to which the plurality of diffused wavelength channels are incident are inverted every subframe period.
- the pixels of the portion (frame portion) 13b where the diffused plurality of wavelength channels are not incident need not be inverted for each subframe. From the viewpoint of power consumption, it is better to reduce the number of inversions.
- the common electrode CE may be divided into a portion 13a and a portion 13b and driven separately to reduce the number of inversions in the portion 13b.
- the portion 13a is inverted for each subframe, but the portion 13b is not inverted by a predetermined number of frames (in other words, the inversion is performed for each predetermined number of frames).
- the potential of the reflective electrode PE drops when there is a charge leak in the capacitance C1. Therefore, it is preferable to turn on the forward rotation trigger pulse TRIG and the reverse rotation trigger pulse TRIGB at regular time intervals to perform the rewriting operation to the capacitance C1. Alternatively, it is preferable to reduce the number of predetermined frames until inversion as compared with other pixel circuit configurations.
- writing to the first memory 91 can be performed earliest, so it is better to rewrite the contents of the first memory 91 immediately before.
- the optical node device of this embodiment can be used, for example, in an optical network.
- Level shifter / pixel driver 81, 91, 111, 131, 141 First memory 81a, 82a, SW11a, SW11b, SW12a, SW12b, SW13, SW14, SW21, SW31, SW32, SW41, SW42 Switch 81b, SM11, SM13, DM31, DM41 1st signal holding circuit 82, 92, 112, 121, 132, 142 2nd memory 82b, SM12, SM14, DM21, SM32, DM42 2nd signal holding circuit INV1, INV2, INV3, INV4, INV11, INV12, INV13, INV14, INV33, INV34 Inverter Pix,
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Computer Hardware Design (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- Theoretical Computer Science (AREA)
- Computer Networks & Wireless Communication (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Microelectronics & Electronic Packaging (AREA)
- Signal Processing (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Control Of Indicators Other Than Cathode Ray Tubes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
図1及び図2は、第1の実施の形態に係る波長選択スイッチ(WSS)アレイの構成を示す図である。図1は、WSSアレイ10を、x軸方向と逆向きの方向に見た図である。図2は、WSSアレイ10を、y軸方向と逆向きの方向に見た図である。
図4は、第2の実施の形態の反射型液晶表示装置の構成を示す図である。
図6は、第3の実施の形態の反射型液晶表示装置の画素の回路構成を示す図である。
第2メモリ92に書き込まれる階調データは、1サブフレーム毎に切り替わる正転サブフレーム階調データ及び反転サブフレーム階調データである。一方、共通電極電圧Vcomは、書き込みと同期して1サブフレーム毎に所定電位に交互に切り替わる。これにより、画素Pix1は、液晶表示素子LCの正負の交流駆動を行うことができる。従って、反射型液晶表示装置13は、液晶表示素子LCが焼き付くことを抑制できるので、信頼性を高めることができる。
図11は、第4の実施の形態の反射型液晶表示装置の画素の回路構成を示す図である。
画素Pix2は、第3の実施の形態の画素Pix1と同様の効果を奏する。
第3の実施の形態の画素Pix1は、計12個のトランジスタを必要とする。第4の実施の形態の画素Pix2は、計10個のトランジスタを必要とする。
画素Pix3は、第3及び第4の実施の形態の画素Pix1及びPix2と同様の効果を奏する。
図14は、第6の実施の形態の反射型液晶表示装置の画素の回路構成を示す図である。
画素Pix4は、第3から第5までの実施の形態の画素Pix1からPix3までと同様の効果を奏する。
図16は、第7の実施の形態の反射型液晶表示装置の画素の回路構成を示す図である。
2を経由して、第2信号保持回路DM42に一斉に転送されて保持される。それと共に、正転サブフレーム階調データが、反射電極PEに印加される。第2信号保持回路DM42による正転サブフレーム階調データの保持期間は、次の“H”レベルの正転トリガパルスTRIGが入力されるまでの1サブフレーム期間である。
画素Pix5は、第3から第6までの実施の形態の画素Pix1からPix4までと同様の効果を奏する。
図3に示す反射型液晶表示装置13の、拡散された複数の波長チャネルが入射する部分13aの画素は、サブフレーム期間毎に反転させる。しかし、拡散された複数の波長チャネルが入射しない部分(額縁部)13bの画素は、サブフレーム毎に反転させる必要はない。消費電力の観点からは、反転の回数を減らすことが良い。
11 入出力部
12 光学系
13 反射型液晶表示装置
16 コリメートレンズ
21、22、23 レンズ
24 分散素子
61 画像表示部
62 タイミングジェネレータ
63 垂直シフトレジスタ
64 データラッチ回路
65 水平ドライバ
65a 水平シフトレジスタ
65b ラッチ回路
65c レベルシフタ/画素ドライバ
81、91、111、131、141 第1メモリ
81a、82a、SW11a、SW11b、SW12a、SW12b、SW13、SW14、SW21、SW31、SW32、SW41、SW42 スイッチ
81b、SM11、SM13、DM31、DM41 第1信号保持回路
82、92、112、121、132、142 第2メモリ
82b、SM12、SM14、DM21、SM32、DM42 第2信号保持回路
INV1、INV2、INV3、INV4、INV11、INV12、INV13、INV14、INV33、INV34 インバータ
Pix、Pix1、Pix2、Pix3、Pix4、Pix5 画素
PT1、PT2 PMOSトランジスタ
NT1、NT2 NMOSトランジスタ
C1、C2、C3、C4 容量
LC 液晶表示素子
LCM 液晶
PE 反射電極
CE 共通電極
Claims (23)
- 入射光を入射する入力ポートと、前記入射光に含まれる各波長に応じた出射光を出射する出力ポートと、を有する入出力部と、
前記入射光に含まれる各波長の光を各波長に応じて空間的に分散させ、前記出射光を前記入出力部の側へ出射する波長分散器と、
前記波長分散器によって分散された各波長の光を各波長毎に2次元平面に集光し、反射された各波長の光を前記波長分散器の側へ出射する光学結合器と、
前記2次元平面の位置に配置され、複数の画素を有し、前記複数の画素により階調を表すことにより、前記光学結合器によって集光された各波長の光を、各波長毎にルーティングによって決められた方向に反射する空間光変調器と、
前記空間光変調器の前記複数の画素を駆動する空間光変調器駆動部と、
を備え、
前記階調は、前記空間光変調器駆動部により前記複数の画素の各々に、1つのフレーム期間を分割した複数のサブフレーム期間の内の1つのサブフレーム期間に正転階調データが入力され、前記複数のサブフレーム期間の他の1つのサブフレーム期間に反転階調データが入力されることにより形成され、
前記複数の画素の各々は、
前記正転階調データ又は前記反転階調データを、データ線からサンプリングする第1スイッチング回路と、
前記第1スイッチング回路によってサンプリングされた前記正転階調データ又は前記反転階調データを保持する第1信号保持回路と、
前記第1信号保持回路に保持された前記正転階調データ又は前記反転階調データを、前記複数の画素の全部に共通のタイミングでサンプリングする第2スイッチング回路と、
前記第2スイッチング回路によってサンプリングされた前記正転階調データ又は前記反転階調データを、1サブフレーム期間保持するとともに、液晶表示素子の反射電極に印加する第2信号保持回路と、
を備え、
前記空間光変調器駆動部は、
前記タイミングで前記液晶表示素子の共通電極の電圧を反転することにより正負極性の交流電圧を前記液晶表示素子の液晶に印加し、
前記正転階調データと前記反転階調データとの間の振幅とは異なる振幅の電圧を、前記共通電極に供給する、
光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路及び前記第1信号保持回路は、第1スタティックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第2スイッチング回路及び前記第2信号保持回路は、第2スタティックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第1信号保持回路を構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第2信号保持回路を構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも、大きい、
請求項1に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路及び前記第1信号保持回路は、第1スタティックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第2スイッチング回路及び前記第2信号保持回路は、第2スタティックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第1スイッチング回路及び前記第2スイッチング回路の各々は、1個のトランジスタで構成されており、
前記第1信号保持回路は、一方の出力端子が他方の入力端子に接続された第1インバータ及び第2インバータで構成されており、
前記第2信号保持回路は、一方の出力端子が他方の入力端子に接続された第3インバータ及び第4インバータで構成されており、
前記第1スイッチング回路の側から見て入力側の前記第1インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第1スイッチング回路の側から見て出力側の前記第2インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きく、
前記第2スイッチング回路の側から見て入力側の前記第3インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第2スイッチング回路から見て出力側の前記第4インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きい、
請求項1に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路を構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第2インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きく、前記第2スイッチング回路を構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第4インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きい、
請求項3に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記空間光変調器駆動部は、
前記空間光変調器の光が入射しない領域内の画素のフレーム数を、前記空間光変調器の光が入射する領域内の画素のフレーム数よりも、少なくする、
請求項1に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路及び前記第1信号保持回路は、第1スタティックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第2スイッチング回路及び前記第2信号保持回路は、第1ダイナミックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第2信号保持回路は、容量で構成されている、
請求項1に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第2スイッチング回路は、Pチャネル型のトランジスタ及びNチャネル型のトランジスタで構成された相補型スイッチング回路である、
請求項6に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1信号保持回路は、一方の出力端子が他方の入力端子に接続された第1インバータ及び第2インバータで構成されており、
前記第1スイッチング回路の側から見て入力側の第1インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第1スイッチング回路から見て出力側の前記第2インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きい、
請求項6に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路は、1つのトランジスタで構成されており、
前記第1スイッチング回路を構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第2インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きい、
請求項8に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記空間光変調器駆動部は、
前記空間光変調器の光が入射しない領域内の画素のフレーム数を、前記空間光変調器の光が入射する領域内の画素のフレーム数よりも、少なくする、
請求項6に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路及び前記第1信号保持回路は、第1ダイナミックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第2スイッチング回路及び前記第2信号保持回路は、第1スタティックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第1信号保持回路は、容量で構成されている、
請求項1に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路は、Pチャネル型のトランジスタ及びNチャネル型のトランジスタで構成された相補型スイッチング回路である、
請求項11に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路は、1つのトランジスタで構成されている、
請求項11に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第2信号保持回路は、一方の出力端子が他方の入力端子に接続された第1インバータ及び第2インバータで構成されており、
前記第2スイッチング回路の側から見て入力側の前記第1インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力は、前記第2スイッチング回路の側から見て出力側の前記第2インバータを構成するトランジスタの駆動力よりも大きい、
請求項11に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第2スイッチング回路は、Pチャネル型のトランジスタ及びNチャネル型のトランジスタで構成された相補型スイッチング回路である、
請求項11に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第2スイッチング回路は、1つのトランジスタで構成されている、
請求項11に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記空間光変調器駆動部は、
前記空間光変調器の光が入射しない領域内の画素のフレーム数を、前記空間光変調器の光が入射する領域内の画素のフレーム数よりも、少なくする、
請求項11に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路及び前記第1信号保持回路は、第1ダイナミックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第2スイッチング回路及び前記第2信号保持回路は、第2ダイナミックランダムアクセスメモリを構成し、
前記第1信号保持回路及び前記第2信号保持回路の各々は、容量で構成されている、
請求項1に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路は、1つのトランジスタで構成されている、
請求項18に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第1スイッチング回路は、Pチャネル型のトランジスタ及びNチャネル型のトランジスタで構成された相補型スイッチング回路である、
請求項18に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第2スイッチング回路は、1つのトランジスタで構成されている、
請求項18に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記第2スイッチング回路は、Pチャネル型のトランジスタ及びNチャネル型のトランジスタで構成された相補型スイッチング回路である、
請求項18に記載の光ノード装置。 - 前記空間光変調器駆動部は、
前記空間光変調器の光が入射しない領域内の画素のフレーム数を、前記空間光変調器の光が入射する領域内の画素のフレーム数よりも、少なくする、
請求項18に記載の光ノード装置。
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN202180070960.3A CN116529656B (zh) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-11-11 | 光节点装置 |
| EP21900387.8A EP4239401B1 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-11-11 | Optical node device |
| US18/323,436 US11899327B2 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2023-05-25 | Optical node device |
Applications Claiming Priority (8)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2020-201571 | 2020-12-04 | ||
| JP2020201571A JP7543882B2 (ja) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | 光ノード装置 |
| JP2020201953A JP7528756B2 (ja) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | 光ノード装置 |
| JP2020-201953 | 2020-12-04 | ||
| JP2020201572A JP7543883B2 (ja) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | 光ノード装置 |
| JP2020-201570 | 2020-12-04 | ||
| JP2020-201572 | 2020-12-04 | ||
| JP2020201570A JP7543881B2 (ja) | 2020-12-04 | 2020-12-04 | 光ノード装置 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US18/323,436 Continuation US11899327B2 (en) | 2020-12-04 | 2023-05-25 | Optical node device |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2022118632A1 true WO2022118632A1 (ja) | 2022-06-09 |
Family
ID=81853147
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2021/041636 Ceased WO2022118632A1 (ja) | 2020-12-04 | 2021-11-11 | 光ノード装置 |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US11899327B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP4239401B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN116529656B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2022118632A1 (ja) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2025249597A1 (ko) * | 2024-05-28 | 2025-12-04 | 엘지전자 주식회사 | 무선 통신 시스템에서 신호 송수신 방법 및 장치 |
Citations (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0695621A (ja) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-04-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示制御装置および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2003058130A (ja) * | 2001-06-04 | 2003-02-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 表示制御回路、電気光学装置、表示装置及び表示制御方法 |
| JP2008107378A (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-08 | Epson Imaging Devices Corp | 電気光学装置、電気光学装置の駆動方法、及び電気機器 |
| JP2013092714A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Jvc Kenwood Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
| JP2015156015A (ja) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-08-27 | サンテック株式会社 | 波長選択スイッチアレイ |
| JP2015161836A (ja) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-07 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | 液晶表示装置 |
| US20180299744A1 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2018-10-18 | INLC Technology, Inc. | Wavelength selection switch including a switching module having a liquid crystal phase array, a polarizer and a liquid crystal on silicon |
| JP2019101141A (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-24 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | 液晶表示装置及びその駆動方法 |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS5733154U (ja) | 1980-08-05 | 1982-02-22 | ||
| JP2000221475A (ja) * | 1999-02-03 | 2000-08-11 | Nec Corp | 液晶表示装置およびその駆動方法 |
| JP2003344823A (ja) | 2002-05-23 | 2003-12-03 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置および液晶表示駆動方法 |
| CN1864093A (zh) * | 2003-10-02 | 2006-11-15 | 三洋电机株式会社 | 液晶显示装置及其驱动方法以及液晶显示面板的驱动装置 |
| JP2005345685A (ja) * | 2004-06-02 | 2005-12-15 | Sharp Corp | 液晶表示装置ならびにその駆動回路および駆動方法 |
| JP2008209690A (ja) * | 2007-02-27 | 2008-09-11 | Epson Imaging Devices Corp | 表示装置、表示装置の駆動方法及び電子機器 |
| CN100533239C (zh) * | 2007-10-23 | 2009-08-26 | 昆山龙腾光电有限公司 | 液晶显示面板 |
| JP5724243B2 (ja) * | 2010-08-19 | 2015-05-27 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 液晶駆動装置、液晶表示装置、電子機器及び液晶駆動方法 |
| JP6142258B2 (ja) * | 2012-07-25 | 2017-06-07 | サンテック株式会社 | 光ノード装置 |
| JP6586655B2 (ja) * | 2016-04-28 | 2019-10-09 | サンテック株式会社 | 空間光変調システム |
-
2021
- 2021-11-11 WO PCT/JP2021/041636 patent/WO2022118632A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2021-11-11 CN CN202180070960.3A patent/CN116529656B/zh active Active
- 2021-11-11 EP EP21900387.8A patent/EP4239401B1/en active Active
-
2023
- 2023-05-25 US US18/323,436 patent/US11899327B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPH0695621A (ja) * | 1992-09-16 | 1994-04-08 | Fujitsu Ltd | 液晶表示制御装置および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2003058130A (ja) * | 2001-06-04 | 2003-02-28 | Seiko Epson Corp | 表示制御回路、電気光学装置、表示装置及び表示制御方法 |
| JP2008107378A (ja) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-05-08 | Epson Imaging Devices Corp | 電気光学装置、電気光学装置の駆動方法、及び電気機器 |
| JP2013092714A (ja) * | 2011-10-27 | 2013-05-16 | Jvc Kenwood Corp | 液晶表示装置 |
| JP5733154B2 (ja) | 2011-10-27 | 2015-06-10 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | 液晶表示装置 |
| JP2015156015A (ja) * | 2013-12-31 | 2015-08-27 | サンテック株式会社 | 波長選択スイッチアレイ |
| JP2015161836A (ja) * | 2014-02-27 | 2015-09-07 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | 液晶表示装置 |
| US20180299744A1 (en) * | 2014-11-03 | 2018-10-18 | INLC Technology, Inc. | Wavelength selection switch including a switching module having a liquid crystal phase array, a polarizer and a liquid crystal on silicon |
| JP2019101141A (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-24 | 株式会社Jvcケンウッド | 液晶表示装置及びその駆動方法 |
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See also references of EP4239401A4 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP4239401A1 (en) | 2023-09-06 |
| CN116529656A (zh) | 2023-08-01 |
| EP4239401B1 (en) | 2025-07-16 |
| EP4239401A4 (en) | 2024-05-29 |
| CN116529656B (zh) | 2025-12-30 |
| US11899327B2 (en) | 2024-02-13 |
| US20230296948A1 (en) | 2023-09-21 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US9934761B2 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| US9177516B2 (en) | Description liquid crystal display device and pixel inspection method therefor | |
| KR20090105630A (ko) | 전기 영동 표시 장치 및 그 구동 방법 | |
| US20140320477A1 (en) | Liquid crystal display device | |
| CN116529656B (zh) | 光节点装置 | |
| JP7528756B2 (ja) | 光ノード装置 | |
| US8115719B2 (en) | Electro-optical device | |
| JP2018194862A (ja) | リキッド・クリスタル・オン・シリコン・チップにおけるローカル・バッファ | |
| JP7543883B2 (ja) | 光ノード装置 | |
| JP7543881B2 (ja) | 光ノード装置 | |
| JP7543882B2 (ja) | 光ノード装置 | |
| JP5284543B2 (ja) | 液晶表示装置 | |
| JP2019090935A (ja) | 反射型液晶表示装置 | |
| CN116540459B (zh) | 液晶显示装置 | |
| JP4947092B2 (ja) | ソースドライバ、電気光学装置及び電子機器 | |
| CN116157723B (zh) | 光节点装置 | |
| JP2022049593A (ja) | 液晶表示装置及び光ノード装置 | |
| JP2022049537A (ja) | 液晶表示装置及び光ノード装置 | |
| JP2022049536A (ja) | 液晶表示装置及び光ノード装置 | |
| JP2025141411A (ja) | 液晶デバイス、波長選択スイッチ装置、及び、液晶デバイスの故障検出方法 | |
| JP2026006122A (ja) | 電気光学装置および電子機器 | |
| WO2025211063A1 (ja) | 液晶デバイス、波長選択スイッチ装置、及び、液晶デバイスの画素検査方法 | |
| CN119446083A (zh) | 一种场序显示像素电路 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 21900387 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| DPE1 | Request for preliminary examination filed after expiration of 19th month from priority date (pct application filed from 20040101) | ||
| WWE | Wipo information: entry into national phase |
Ref document number: 202180070960.3 Country of ref document: CN |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2021900387 Country of ref document: EP Effective date: 20230531 |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| WWG | Wipo information: grant in national office |
Ref document number: 2021900387 Country of ref document: EP |