WO2022050066A1 - ガラス物品 - Google Patents
ガラス物品 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022050066A1 WO2022050066A1 PCT/JP2021/030404 JP2021030404W WO2022050066A1 WO 2022050066 A1 WO2022050066 A1 WO 2022050066A1 JP 2021030404 W JP2021030404 W JP 2021030404W WO 2022050066 A1 WO2022050066 A1 WO 2022050066A1
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- Prior art keywords
- layer
- glass substrate
- glass
- shielding layer
- sioc
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Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C3/00—Glass compositions
- C03C3/04—Glass compositions containing silica
- C03C3/076—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight
- C03C3/083—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound
- C03C3/085—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal
- C03C3/087—Glass compositions containing silica with 40% to 90% silica, by weight containing aluminium oxide or an iron compound containing an oxide of a divalent metal containing calcium oxide, e.g. common sheet or container glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3417—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials all coatings being oxide coatings
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/006—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character
- C03C17/007—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with materials of composite character containing a dispersed phase, e.g. particles, fibres or flakes, in a continuous phase
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/02—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with glass
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C17/00—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating
- C03C17/34—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions
- C03C17/3411—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials
- C03C17/3429—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating
- C03C17/3441—Surface treatment of glass, not in the form of fibres or filaments, by coating with at least two coatings having different compositions with at least two coatings of inorganic materials at least one of the coatings being a non-oxide coating comprising carbon, a carbide or oxycarbide
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
- B32B17/10201—Dielectric coatings
- B32B17/10211—Doped dielectric layer, electrically conductive, e.g. SnO2:F
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10339—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted
- B32B17/10348—Specific parts of the laminated safety glass or glazing being colored or tinted comprising an obscuration band
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/20—Materials for coating a single layer on glass
- C03C2217/21—Oxides
- C03C2217/24—Doped oxides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C2217/00—Coatings on glass
- C03C2217/90—Other aspects of coatings
- C03C2217/94—Transparent conductive oxide layers [TCO] being part of a multilayer coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to glass articles, especially glass articles for vehicles.
- Glass articles such as windowpanes of vehicles and buildings are given the desired characteristics by coating the surface of the glass substrate with various materials according to the application.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a glass article for vehicles in which a base layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, and a peripheral covering band (shielding layer) to which a black pigment or the like is applied are arranged on a glass substrate. There is.
- the base layer (for example, SnO 2 layer) formed on the glass substrate functions as an alkali diffusion prevention layer that prevents alkali metal ions such as sodium ions from migrating from the glass substrate to the surface side layer. obtain.
- a carbon-added silicon oxide layer hereinafter, also referred to as “SiOC layer” having an excellent alkali diffusion preventing function as a base layer instead of the conventional base layer such as the SnO 2 layer.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer (for example, a doped tin oxide layer) is known to have Low-E (Low Emissivity) performance capable of reducing the radiant heat of sunlight, and has a heat insulating property and a heat insulating property of a glass article.
- the shielding layer is usually provided on the peripheral edge of a glass article for a vehicle (for example, a window glass for an automobile), and is provided for the purpose of preventing deterioration of the adhesive due to sunlight, improving the design, and the like.
- each layer for example, a base layer or a shielding layer arranged on the glass substrate is peeled off. In some cases, cracks occurred. Further, even if these phenomena are not observed immediately after molding at a high temperature in the glass article, these phenomena may occur after a certain period of time has elapsed.
- the present invention has been made to solve the above problems, and can suppress peeling and crack generation of each layer arranged on the glass substrate even after a long period of time has passed after molding at a high temperature.
- the purpose is to provide glass articles with excellent heat resistance.
- the present invention provides a glass article having the following configurations [1] to [9].
- a carbon-added silicon oxide layer, a transparent conductive oxide layer, and a shielding layer are provided in this order on a glass substrate, and the atomic composition percentage of carbon with respect to silicon in the carbon-added silicon oxide layer.
- the ratio C / Si of C / Si is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less, and the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ Sh of the shielding layer is 7.7 ⁇ 10 -3 / K or less. ..
- the shielding layer contains a crystal component and a pigment, and the crystallinity value represented by the CPS ratio of the crystal component to the pigment in the X-ray diffraction measurement data of the shielding layer is 7 or more and 33.
- the carbon-added silicon contains a crystal component and a pigment in the shielding layer, and has a crystallinity value represented by a CPS ratio of the crystal component to the pigment in the X-ray diffraction measurement data of the shielding layer.
- the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ Si of the carbon-added silicon oxide layer is 0.6 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or more and 4.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less.
- a glass article having excellent heat resistance which can suppress peeling and generation of cracks of each layer arranged on a glass substrate even after a long period of time has passed after molding at a high temperature.
- the SiOC layer simply means that the layer contains a silicon atom (Si), an oxygen atom (O), and a carbon atom (C), and the composition ratio of these atoms (elements). Does not indicate that is 1: 1: 1.
- the interface between each layer arranged on the glass substrate, for example, the glass substrate and the base layer may be peeled off or cracks may occur. There was a case. Further, even if such a phenomenon is not observed immediately after molding, such a phenomenon may occur after a certain period of time has elapsed. Further, when the glass article is used as a glass article for a vehicle, cracks and peeling of the layer are observed at the edge portion of the peripheral portion of the glass substrate provided with the shielding layer in addition to the central portion of the glass substrate. I was sometimes asked. In particular, when a SiOC layer having an excellent alkali diffusion prevention function was used as the base layer, this tendency was remarkable.
- the present inventors have stated that the occurrence of these peelings and cracks due to the heat forming (and subsequent cooling if necessary) operation or after a certain period of time is the adhesion between the glass substrate and the base layer. It was speculated that it was caused by the lowness and the contraction force of the shielding layer. In particular, when a SiOC layer is used as the base layer, SiOC may thermally decompose during molding at a high temperature, which further reduces the adhesion at the interface between the glass substrate and the base layer, resulting in peeling and cracking. I guessed that would occur.
- the present inventors conducted various studies based on these assumptions.
- the composition ratio C / Si (at% ratio) of carbon to silicon in the SiOC layer is set to a specific range, and the linear expansion coefficient of the shielding layer is set to a specific value or less, so that the heat molding or a certain period of time can be performed.
- the heat molding or a certain period of time We have found that it is possible to suppress the generation of these peelings and cracks after a lapse of time, and have reached the present invention.
- the present glass article As hereinafter, also referred to as “the present glass article”) will be described in detail with reference to the drawings, but the present invention is not limited to this embodiment.
- This glass article can be suitably used as glass for vehicles such as automobiles, particularly window glass for automobiles, and can be used at any position of the front part, the rear part, the side part, and the ceiling part of the vehicle body. Further, the glass article can be used without limitation for applications other than vehicles, for example, buildings. Further, the present glass article may have at least a part thereof having the following configuration, and may be used as a single glass including, for example, one glass substrate, and includes a plurality of glass substrates. It may be used as a laminated glass.
- the method for producing the glass article is not particularly limited, but as will be described later, the glass article can be produced, for example, by using a conventionally known float method.
- this glass article has a carbon-added silicon oxide layer (SiOC layer) 2 and a transparent conductive oxide (TCO: Transparent Conductive Oxide) layer (hereinafter, “TCO layer”) on a glass substrate 1. 3) and the shielding layer 4 are provided in this order.
- SiOC layer silicon oxide layer
- TCO layer transparent Conductive Oxide layer
- these layers may be sequentially laminated on at least a part of one surface of the glass substrate, and these layers may be laminated on the entire glass substrate constituting the glass article, or laminated. It does not have to be.
- the SiOC layer 2 and the TCO layer 3 are arranged in this order on the entire glass substrate, and as shown in FIG.
- a frame-shaped shielding layer 4 is provided at a position on the TCO layer which is a peripheral edge of the glass substrate. It may be arranged. Further, as long as the effect of the present invention can be obtained, another layer, for example, a color tone adjusting layer for adjusting the color tone, may be provided between the layers.
- the glass article is preferably composed of a glass substrate 1, a SiOC layer 2, a TCO layer 3, and a shielding layer 4.
- 1A and 1B are schematic views of an embodiment of the present glass article, respectively, FIG. 1A shows a schematic cross-sectional view thereof, and FIG. 1B is a schematic plane thereof when viewed from the shielding layer 4 side. The figure is shown.
- the composition ratio (C / Si) expressed by the ratio of the atomic composition percentage (at%) of carbon to silicon in the SiOC layer, that is, C (at%) / Si (at%) of the SiOC layer. ) Is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less.
- the linear expansion coefficient (thermal expansion coefficient) ⁇ Sh of the shielding layer is 7.7 ⁇ 10 -3 / K or less.
- This glass article provided with the SiOC layer having a specific C / Si and the shielding layer having a specific linear expansion coefficient as described above has excellent heat resistance and has an adhesive force between the glass substrate and the base layer. It is excellent and can suppress the generation of peeling and cracks due to the shrinkage force of the shielding layer. Therefore, even when the glass article is molded into a curved shape for a vehicle at a high temperature (for example, 600 to 750 ° C.), peeling or cracking of each layer on the glass substrate can be easily avoided. ..
- Glass substrate As the glass substrate (glass plate), conventionally known ones can be appropriately used, and for example, heat ray absorbing glass, clear glass, soda lime-based glass, green glass, UV green glass and the like can be used.
- the glass substrate is required to have a visible light transmittance in accordance with the safety standards of the country in which the vehicle is used, and when used for other purposes. Is required to have the characteristics required for its application. Therefore, it is preferable to appropriately adjust the composition of the glass substrate so as to realize the required characteristics.
- Examples of the composition of the glass substrate include the following.
- the composition of the glass substrate can be specified by fluorescent X-ray analysis.
- SiO 2 70 to 73% by mass
- Al 2 O 3 0.6 to 2.4% by mass
- CaO 7-12% by mass
- MgO 1.0-4.5% by mass
- R 2 O 13 to 15% by mass
- R is an alkali metal, for example, Na or K
- the glass substrate may be substantially transparent, or may be imparted with color, that is, may be colored.
- the shape of the glass substrate is not particularly limited as long as it can be molded into a shape according to a desired application, but it can be, for example, a rectangular shape.
- the molded shape of the glass article include a curved shape, and the shape of the curved shape is not particularly limited, but the curved shape can be, for example, a shape curved in the vertical direction of the paper surface shown in FIG. 1A.
- the present glass article includes both the one before molding the glass substrate on which the SiOC layer, the TCO layer and the shielding layer are arranged, and the one after molding the glass substrate into a desired shape. Therefore, the glass substrate of the present glass article may be, for example, a rectangular glass substrate before molding, or may be, for example, a curved glass substrate after molding.
- the thickness tg of the glass substrate is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.0 mm or more, more preferably 1.5 mm or more, and further preferably 2.0 mm or more.
- the thickness tg of the glass substrate is preferably 6.0 mm or less, more preferably 5.0 mm or less, and further preferably 3.5 mm or less.
- the thickness of the glass substrate is usually preferably about 4.0 to 5.0 mm from the viewpoint of suppressing layer peeling and cracking.
- this glass article has excellent heat resistance, it can be easily molded even when the thickness is thinner than usual, for example, when the thickness tg of the glass substrate is 2.0 to 3.5 mm, and at a higher temperature. Even when molded, it is possible to prevent each layer on the glass substrate from deteriorating or peeling off. Therefore, this glass article can be suitably used not only as a single piece of glass but also as a laminated glass, and can be used for various purposes.
- the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ g of the glass substrate can be appropriately set by changing its composition, but from the viewpoint of suppressing the peeling of the base layer (SiOC layer) during heat molding, 0.6 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to It is preferably 10 ⁇ 10 -6 / K. From the same viewpoint, ⁇ g is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 7.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K, and 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 4.0. It is more preferably set to ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
- the difference between the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ g of the glass substrate and the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ Si of the base layer at the molding temperature (for example, 600 to 750 ° C.) is made smaller. It is preferable to set it.
- the ⁇ g of the glass substrate can be measured by the method described later.
- the glass substrate can be appropriately manufactured by a conventionally known method (for example, a float method, a fusion method and a rollout method), and the manufacturing method is not particularly limited.
- a commercially available product may be used as the glass substrate.
- SiOC layer In this glass article, a carbon-added silicon oxide layer: SiOC layer (SiOC film) is used as a base layer arranged between the glass substrate and the TCO layer.
- the method of laminating the SiOC layer on the glass substrate is not particularly limited, but online coating, more specifically, online CVD (Chemival Vapor Deposition), which forms a film in the manufacturing process of the glass article, is used. Is preferable.
- the SiOC layer has an excellent alkali diffusion preventing function as compared with a conventional base layer such as a SnO2 layer, and is also excellent in durability and suppression of void defects, and is preferably used.
- the SiOC layer may be provided on at least a part of one surface of the glass substrate. Therefore, the SiOC layer may be in contact with the glass substrate, or another layer may be arranged between the glass substrate and the SiOC layer so that the glass substrate and the SiOC layer are not in direct contact with each other.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the other layers arranged between the glass substrate and the SiOC layer is close to the linear expansion coefficient of the glass substrate or the SiOC layer (difference between the two). It is preferable to use one with a small coefficient.
- the composition ratio (C / Si) of the carbon atom (C) and the silicon atom (Si) in the SiOC layer is 0.1 or more and 0.5 or less.
- the composition ratio is 0.1 or more, the alkali diffusion prevention function of the SiOC layer can be further improved.
- the composition ratio is 0.5 or less, the heat resistance of the SiOC layer can be improved, and when the glass article is heat-molded (for example, at a high temperature of 600 ° C. or higher), the SiOC is thermally decomposed and CO is produced. 2 It is possible to prevent the generation of gas.
- this glass article can be molded at a high temperature and can be used for a wide variety of applications such as window glass for automobiles.
- the C / Si in the SiOC layer is preferably 0.15 or more, more preferably 0.25 or more, from the viewpoint of maintaining the alkali diffusion preventing function of the SiOC layer. Further, the C / Si in the SiOC layer is preferably 0.40 or less, more preferably 0.30 or less, from the viewpoint of heat resistance of the SiOC layer.
- the at% ratio (O / Si) of the oxygen atom (O) and the silicon atom (Si) in the SiOC layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1.2 or more, more preferably 1.5 or more, from the viewpoint of heat resistance. preferable. Further, from the viewpoint of maintaining the alkali diffusion prevention function, the O / Si is preferably 3.0 or less, more preferably 2.5 or less.
- the atomic composition percentage of the oxygen atom (O) in the SiOC layer is preferably 45 at% or more, more preferably 50 at% or more, and further preferably 55 at% or more. When the at% of oxygen atoms is at least these lower limit values, the heat resistance of the SiOC layer can be further improved.
- the at% of oxygen atoms in the SiOC layer is preferably 70 at% or less, more preferably 65 at% or less, and even more preferably 62 at% or less. When the at% of oxygen atoms is not more than these upper limit values, an excellent alkali diffusion preventing function can be easily imparted to the SiOC layer.
- the atomic composition percentage of the carbon atom (C) in the SiOC layer is preferably 2 at% or more, more preferably 3 at% or more, and further preferably 4 at% or more. Further, the at% of the carbon atom of the SiOC layer is preferably 20 at% or less, more preferably 15 at% or less, and further preferably 10 at% or less. When the at% of carbon atoms is at least these lower limit values, an excellent alkali diffusion prevention function can be easily imparted to the SiOC layer. Further, when the at% of carbon atoms is not more than these upper limit values, the heat resistance of the SiOC layer can be further improved.
- the atomic composition percentage of the silicon atom (Si) in the SiOC layer is preferably 20 at% or more, more preferably 23 at% or more, still more preferably 25 at% or more.
- the at% of the silicon atom in the SiOC layer is preferably 35 at% or less, more preferably 34 at% or less, and further preferably 32 at% or less.
- the heat resistance of the SiOC layer and the alkali diffusion prevention function can be further improved.
- excellent heat resistance and alkali diffusion prevention function can be easily imparted to the SiOC layer.
- the SiOC layer can contain, for example, atoms such as Na and Ca in addition to the above O, C and Si atoms.
- the total at% of O, C and Si atoms in the SiOC layer is preferably 85 to 99 at%, preferably 90 to 98 at%, from the viewpoint of imparting excellent heat resistance and alkali diffusion prevention function to the glass article. Is more preferable.
- the composition of the SiOC layer can be appropriately adjusted by changing the supply conditions of the raw material gas (mixed gas) at the time of performing CVD. For example, conditions under which the degree of oxidation of the raw material gas (for example, CO 2 / SiH 4 , CO 2 / C 2 H 4 ) is increased or decreased, in other words, by increasing or decreasing the supply amount of the CO 2 gas used as the raw material gas. ,
- the composition of the SiOC layer can be adjusted. Further, the atomic composition of the SiOC layer can be measured by the method described later.
- the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer is preferably 0.6 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or more, more preferably 0.8 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or more, and further preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or more. .. If the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer is at least these lower limit values, an excellent alkali diffusion prevention function can be easily imparted to the base layer.
- the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer is preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less, more preferably 3.5 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less, still more preferably 3.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less. 2.9 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less is particularly preferable.
- the heat resistance of the SiOC layer can be further improved, and the adhesion between the glass substrate and the base layer can be further improved.
- ⁇ Si in the SiOC layer can be adjusted.
- the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer can be measured by the method described later.
- the thickness t Si of the SiOC layer can be appropriately set and is not particularly limited, but is preferably 30 nm or more, more preferably 35 nm or more, still more preferably 40 nm or more, from the viewpoint of achieving both heat resistance and an alkali diffusion preventing function. From the viewpoint of smoothness, the thickness t Si of the SiOC layer is preferably 150 nm or less, more preferably 120 nm or less, and even more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the transparent conductive oxide layer (TCO layer) used in this glass article is known to have excellent Low-E performance, and for example, dope tin oxide and dope zinc oxide. In addition, a mixture of two or more of these can be included.
- the TCO layer can contain an alkali metal tinate (for example, potassium, sodium, lithium, etc.), zinc succinate, cadmium succinate, and a mixture of two or more of these.
- the TCO layer is preferably a doped tin oxide layer because it has excellent Low-E performance.
- the TCO layer includes at least one of a fluorine-doped tin oxide (F: SnO x ) layer and an antimony-doped tin oxide (Sb: SnO x ) layer.
- the degree of oxidation (x: for example 2) can be adjusted by appropriately changing the film forming conditions, for example, the CVD film forming conditions, and is not particularly limited.
- the TCO layer may be composed of a single TCO layer 3 composed of an F: SnO x layer.
- the present glass article having a structure in which the TCO layer is composed of one layer can have a visible light transmittance Tv of 80% or more (for example, 83%) in accordance with ISO9050 and JIS-R3106. Since the glass article having the TCO layer having such a configuration has a high Tv, it can be used as a front portion or a front side portion of an automobile body, specifically, a windshield or a window glass beside a driver's seat and a passenger seat.
- the TCO layer includes two or more layers including the Sb: SnO x layer which is the first TCO layer 3a and the F: SnO x layer which is the second TCO layer 3b. It may be composed of a plurality of layers of.
- the present glass article having a structure in which the TCO layer is composed of two or more layers can have a Tv of 25% or less (for example, 18%). Since the glass article having the TCO layer having such a structure has a low Tv, it can be used as a window glass for a rear side portion, a ceiling portion, or a rear portion of an automobile.
- FIGS. 2A and 2B are schematic cross-sectional views for explaining an embodiment of the present glass article, respectively, and FIGS. 2A and 2B show a case where the TCO layer is composed of one layer and two layers, respectively. show. In addition, in FIGS. 2A and 2B, the description of the shielding layer is omitted.
- the thickness of the TCO layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of imparting excellent Low-E performance, the total thickness t TCO is preferably 50 to 700 nm, more preferably 100 to 650 nm. From the same viewpoint, the thickness of the F: SnO x layer is preferably 100 to 500 nm, more preferably 150 to 350 nm. Further, from the same viewpoint, the thickness of the Sb: SnO x layer is preferably 250 to 500 nm, more preferably 300 to 450 nm.
- the method of laminating the TCO layer on the SiOC layer is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to use online coating, more specifically, online CVD, which forms a film in the manufacturing process of the glass article.
- the TCO layer may be provided on at least a part of the SiOC layer. Therefore, the TCO layer (in the case of a plurality of layers, the TCO layer on the glass substrate side most) may be in contact with the SiOC layer, or another layer may be arranged between the SiOC layer and the TCO layer.
- the SiOC layer and the TCO layer do not have to be in direct contact with each other.
- the other layers arranged between the SiOC layer and the TCO layer may have a linear expansion coefficient close to that of the SiOC layer or the TCO layer. preferable.
- the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ TCO of the TCO layer can be appropriately set and is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of suppressing peeling of each layer on the glass substrate, it is preferable that the difference from ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer is small, for example.
- the range is preferably as follows. That is, the ⁇ TCO of the TCO layer is preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or more and 9.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K or less, and the glass article has, for example, a linear expansion coefficient ⁇ TCO .
- a 4.0 ⁇ 10 -6 / K TCO layer can be used.
- the plurality of TCO layers may all satisfy the linear expansion coefficient range, but at least the glass substrate side of the plurality of TCO layers, in other words, SiOC. It is preferable that the linear expansion coefficient of the TCO layer on the layer side is in the above range.
- the ⁇ TCO of the TCO layer can be measured by the method described later.
- the shielding layer may be arranged on at least a part of one surface of the glass substrate, specifically, on at least a part of the TCO layer. However, when the glass article is used as a glass article for a vehicle, the glass article is used. It is preferable that it is provided so as to cover the peripheral portion of the substrate. This shielding layer hides the mounting members to the vehicle body and the terminals of electrical components from the outside of the vehicle.
- the shape of the shielding layer can be various, for example, a frame shape, a band shape, a dot shape, or the like.
- a frame-shaped shielding layer 4 is provided on the peripheral edge of the glass substrate, more specifically, on the peripheral edge of the TCO layer 3.
- the shielding layer can be provided, for example, so as to cover a specific region from the edge of the glass substrate. More specifically, the shielding layer can cover a portion within at least 30 mm (for example, within 50 mm from the edge) of the edge of the glass substrate.
- the shielding layer contains a crystal component and a pigment, and is represented by the diffraction intensity: CPS (counts per second) ratio of the crystal component to the pigment in the X-Ray Diffraction measurement data of the shielding layer.
- the crystalline value is preferably 7 or more and 33 or less.
- the crystalline component of the shielding layer can impart advantageous non-adhesiveness in compression-bending molding operations as is done in the automotive glass industry and may impart excellent mold releasability.
- the crystal morphology (crystal structure) when present in the shielding layer and the crystal morphology when measured by the XRD may be different or the same.
- the crystallinity value of the shielding layer that is, the CPS of the crystal component / CPS of the pigment is 7 or more
- the crystallinity is further improved, the surface unevenness of the shielding layer is increased, and the releasability at the time of molding is further improved.
- the crystallinity value of the shielding layer is more preferably 10 or more, and particularly preferably 11 or more. Further, when the crystallinity value of the shielding layer is 33 or less, the layer peeling on the glass substrate can be easily suppressed when the glass article is molded at a high temperature.
- the crystallinity value of the shielding layer is more preferably 20 or less, and particularly preferably less than 15 (for example, 14 or less).
- the CPS of the crystal components and the CPS of the pigments each calculate the crystallinity value using the total value of the plurality of types of CPS.
- the crystallinity value of the shielding layer can be adjusted by changing the raw materials (crystal components and pigments) used for the shielding layer and the firing conditions when firing the shielding layer.
- the firing conditions include, for example, the firing speed (transporting speed) (mm / s) and firing temperature (° C.) when transporting the object to be processed (with the material for forming a shielding layer) in the automobile glass molding process, and during firing.
- the firing temperature is changed, the temperature profile and the like can be mentioned.
- the crystallinity value can be increased by slowing the firing rate of the shielding layer or increasing the firing temperature.
- the crystallinity value can be reduced by increasing the firing rate of the shielding layer or lowering the firing temperature.
- the firing conditions of the shielding layer can be set as appropriate, but for example, the firing rate is 5 to 30 mm / s (preferably 10 to 25 mm / s), and the firing temperature is 550 to 730 ° C (preferably 580 to 710 ° C, more preferably 680 ° C). ⁇ 710 ° C.).
- Table 1 below shows an example of the relationship between the crystallinity value of the shielding layer and the firing rate and firing temperature of the shielding layer.
- a material for forming a shielding layer (ceramic paste) is coated on a glass substrate, more specifically, at a desired position (for example, on a peripheral portion) on a TCO layer. It can be formed by heating at high temperature and sintering.
- the material for forming a shielding layer before firing contains at least a frit (corresponding to a crystal component when used as a shielding layer) and a pigment (for example, a heat-resistant black pigment), and if necessary, a pigment is added.
- It can contain (organic) vehicles for dispersion, conductive metals, reducing agents, dispersible surfactants, fluidity modifiers, fluidity aids, adhesion promoters, stabilizers, colorants and the like.
- a commercially available product can also be used as the material for forming the shielding layer.
- a trade name: 14501 manufactured by Ferro
- the frit can contain one or more (solid) crystalline substances such as zinc borate, zinc silicate, aluminum silicate, zinc titanate and bismuth silicate.
- the frit includes SiO 2 , Bi 2 O 3 , Cs 2 O, Na 2 O, B 2 O 3 , ZnO, TIO 2 , La 2 O 3 , Nb 2 O 5 , MnO 2 , and CeO 2 . , MoO 3 , WO 3 , F, Al 2 O 3 , BaO and the like can be contained in one or more kinds.
- the frit can be appropriately selected within a range in which the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ sh of the shielding layer satisfies a predetermined value described later, and the composition thereof is also arbitrary. It is known that a frit having a high melting point range has excellent chemical resistance and a relatively low coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the frit When used as a shielding layer, it may or may not have a crystal morphology different from that of the raw material stage (material for forming the shielding layer) before firing. Further, the crystal component in the shielding layer may be composed of one kind of frit, or may be composed of a plurality of kinds of frit fused by, for example, firing. In the examples described later, Bi 4 (SiO 4 ) 3 is observed as the crystal component in the X-ray diffraction measurement data.
- the frit can be manufactured by a conventionally known method.
- a frit having a desired composition can be produced by mixing starting materials according to a desired composition, melting the raw materials at a desired temperature and time, and cooling with water or the like as necessary.
- the frit can be milled to the desired particle size (eg, 1-8 ⁇ m), if desired, using known milling techniques.
- a commercially available product can also be used as the frit.
- the content of frit in the material for forming the shielding layer can be appropriately set within a range that satisfies the above crystallinity value when fired.
- the frit content is preferably 60 to 99% by mass, more preferably 65 to 95% by mass, and 70 to 85% by mass. It is more preferable to set it to%.
- pigments conventionally known pigments can be appropriately used, and for example, pigments derived from one or more of composite inorganic pigments such as corundum-hematite, olivine, prederite, pycrole, rutile, and spinel can be used.
- the pigment include copper (Cu), chromium (Cr), iron (Fe), cobalt (Co), nickel (Ni), manganese (Mn), aluminum (Al), magnesium (Mg), and zinc (Zn).
- Zirconium (Zr), Niob (Nb), Yttrium (Y), Tungsten (W), Antimon (Sb), Calcium (Ca) and the like can be used.
- These black spinel pigments can be suitably used in the automobile industry, and in other industries such as construction, household appliances and beverage industries, other metal oxide pigments that produce other colors may be appropriately used as pigments. can.
- the spinel structure is a general pigment structure having the general formula AB 2 X 4 in which X is usually O 2- or F ⁇ having substantially the same ionic radius.
- a and B represent tetrahedral and octahedral sites in a standard spinel grid.
- Spinel structures can be formed from many different elements, including first row transition elements, and thus become the structure of many inorganic pigments.
- Many spinel compounds have a cubic space group, but the distorted spinel structure can be tetragonal and sometimes orthorhombic.
- metal oxide pigments include CuO ⁇ CrO 3 , CuCr 2 O 4 , (Co, Fe) (Fe, Cr) 2 O 4 , MnCr 2 O 4 , NiMnCrFe, CuCrMnO, and pigments thereof. Can be mentioned, such as those modified by using a modifying agent.
- the performance of the pigment can be determined by raw materials, synthetic techniques and conditions, post-calcination treatment and the like.
- the pigment may be synthesized by a conventionally known method, for example, the method described in JP-A-2019-509959, or a commercially available product may be purchased, but the ⁇ sh of the shielding layer becomes a predetermined value or less. So that the composition is adjusted.
- the pigment can form a desired pigment, for example, by compounding and calcinating a micrometal oxide or salt containing the desired metal.
- the size of the fine metal oxide can be appropriately set, but is preferably 1 nm to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 10 nm to 1 ⁇ m, and further preferably 50 to 500 nm.
- a pigment derived from a rare earth manganese oxide pigment can also be used.
- (YxMn) Oy, (LaxMn) Oy, (CexMn) Oy, (PrxMn) Oy, and (NdxMn) Oy can be used.
- x is preferably 0.01 to 99, more preferably 0.08 to 12, and even more preferably 0.25 to 4.
- y is the number of oxygen atoms required to maintain electrical neutrality, and is preferably x + 1 to 2x + 2.
- Specific examples of the pigment include CeMnO 3 , PrMnO 3 , NdmNO 3 , and pigments thereof modified with a modifier.
- the rare earth manganese oxide pigment preferably has a perovskite crystal structure or an orthorhombic crystal structure.
- a rare earth manganese oxide pigment By using a rare earth manganese oxide pigment, high infrared reflectance can be obtained and heat generation characteristics can be reduced. Furthermore, the pigment does not contain a cobalt material, and hexavalent chromium is generated and does not elute even in an acidic solution such as acid rain.
- the content of the pigment in the material for forming the shielding layer can be appropriately set within a range that satisfies the above crystallinity value when fired.
- the content of the pigment is preferably 0.1 to 50% by mass, more preferably 1 to 25% by mass, and 2 to 2 to 25% by mass. It is more preferably 25% by mass.
- Examples of the organic vehicle for dispersing and suspending the frit and the pigment include vegetable oil, mineral oil, low molecular weight petroleum reservoir, tridecyl alcohol, synthetic resin and natural resin.
- the conductive metal for example, silver (silver particles) can be used.
- the reducing agent for example, a silicon metal can be used.
- the dispersible surfactant plays a role in assisting the pigment to get wet when the inert fine particle inorganic pigment is used.
- Dispersible surfactants usually contain block copolymers with groups that have an affinity for pigments, and optionally solvents (eg, xylene, butyl acetate, methoxypropyl acetate).
- dispersible surfactant conventionally known ones can be appropriately used, and for example, Disperbyk162 (trade name, manufactured by BykChemie) can be used.
- the fluidity modifier is used for adjusting the viscosity, and conventionally known ones can be appropriately used, for example, Viscobyk series (manufactured by BykChemie) can be used.
- the fluidity aid is an additive used to adjust viscosity and fluidity, and conventionally known ones can be used, for example, AdditolVXW6388 (trade name, manufactured by UCB Surface Specialty) can be used.
- the adhesion accelerator is used to improve compatibility with the layer provided with the shielding layer (TCO layer), and can be appropriately selected depending on the composition of the TCO layer to be used.
- TCO layer the layer provided with the shielding layer
- the stabilizer for example, a light stabilizer or a UV shielding agent can be used.
- the blending amount of these additives can be appropriately set and is not particularly limited.
- the linear expansion coefficient ⁇ sh of the shielding layer is 7.7 ⁇ 10 -3 / K or less.
- the ⁇ sh of the shielding layer is 7.5 ⁇ 10 -3 / K or less.
- the smaller the ⁇ sh of the shielding layer the more preferable, but it is more preferable that the difference from the linear expansion coefficient of the TCO layer provided under the shielding layer is small.
- the ⁇ sh of the shielding layer can be measured by the method described later.
- the ratio of C / Si of the SiOC layer to the crystallinity value of the shielding layer ⁇ (C / Si of the SiOC layer) / (crystallinity value of the shielding layer) ⁇ shall be 0.005 or more and 0.04 or less. preferable.
- the ratio is 0.04 or less, excellent mold releasability during molding and excellent heat resistance of the SiOC layer can be easily achieved at the same time.
- the ratio is more preferably 0.03 or less, and further preferably 0.02 or less.
- the ratio is 0.005 or more, the SiOC layer exhibits an excellent alkali diffusion preventing function, and layer peeling on the glass substrate can be easily suppressed when the glass article is molded at a high temperature.
- the ratio is more preferably 0.008 or more, and further preferably 0.010 or more.
- the thickness t sh of the shielding layer can be appropriately set, but it is preferably 8 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less, and more preferably 10 ⁇ m or more and 15 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of excellent light resistance and concealing property of the squeezed adhesive. ..
- the method for producing the present glass article is not particularly limited, and for example, it can be produced by a production method including the following steps. -The process of preparing a glass substrate (board preparation process). -A step of forming a SiOC layer on a glass substrate (SiOC layer forming step). -A step of forming a TCO layer on the SiOC layer (TCO layer forming step). -A step of forming a shielding layer on the TCO layer (shielding layer forming step).
- the substrate preparation step can include a step of melting the glass raw material and pouring it into a tin bath (melting step) and a step of slowly cooling the melted glass raw material (slow cooling step).
- the TCO layer forming step can include, for example, the following steps. -A step of forming a first TCO layer on the SiOC layer (first TCO layer forming step). -A step of forming a second TCO layer on the first TCO layer (second TCO layer forming step).
- the shielding layer forming step can include, for example, the following steps. -A process of preparing a material for forming a shielding layer (a process of preparing a material for forming a shielding layer). -A step of applying the material for forming a shielding layer onto the TCO layer (coating step). -A step of sintering the material for forming the shielding layer applied on the TCO layer (sintering step).
- the above manufacturing method can include the following steps.
- a step of heat-molding a glass substrate in which a SiOC layer, a TCO layer, and a shielding layer are arranged in this order into a desired shape heat molding step.
- -A step of cooling the heat-molded glass substrate cooling step.
- steps may be sequentially performed, or a plurality of steps (for example, a substrate preparation step (specifically, a melting step), a SiOC layer forming step, a shielding layer forming step (specifically, a sintering step), and heating.
- the molding process may be performed in parallel.
- a rectangular glass substrate (glass plate) is prepared (board preparation process).
- the glass substrate may be purchased and used as a commercially available product, but can be produced by, for example, the following method. That is, a glass raw material blended so as to have a desired glass composition is heated at a predetermined temperature to obtain molten glass. Next, the obtained molten glass is poured into a tin bath filled with molten tin (melting step), a plate-shaped glass ribbon is formed, and the glass is slowly cooled (slow cooling step) to obtain a glass substrate. At this time, the obtained glass ribbon may be processed (for example, SO 2 treatment or cleaning treatment).
- the glass substrate can be molded by either the melting step or the slow cooling step. Further, when the glass substrate is produced, it can be appropriately cut to a desired size.
- a SiOC layer is formed on at least a part of one surface of the glass substrate, for example, on the entire one surface of the glass substrate (SiOC layer forming step).
- the SiOC layer is preferably produced by using an online CVD method in which a film is directly formed on a glass substrate on a float line.
- the SiOC layer is formed by spraying the mixed raw material gas on a glass substrate heated to a predetermined temperature at normal pressure (1013 hPa).
- a mixed gas of silane gas, ethylene gas, carbon dioxide gas and nitrogen gas can be used as the raw material gas.
- the composition of the SiOC layer to be produced can be adjusted by changing the composition of the raw material gas and the like.
- the formation of the SiOC layer using the online CVD method can be performed in parallel with the melting step when manufacturing the glass substrate. That is, in the melting step, the SiOC layer may be formed by spraying the raw material gas on the glass surface of the molten glass poured into the tin bath. As described above, the layer formation by the online CVD method can be performed in parallel with the manufacturing process of the glass substrate.
- a TCO layer is formed on at least a part of the SiOC layer, for example, on the entire surface of the SiOC layer (TCO layer forming step).
- TCO layer forming step when the TCO layer is composed of two or more layers, these layers are sequentially formed.
- the TCO layer is composed of a first TCO layer and a second TCO layer
- the first TCO layer is formed on the SiOC layer (first TCO layer forming step)
- first TCO layer is formed on the SiOC layer
- second TCO layer is formed on the TCO layer of the above (second TCO layer forming step).
- the TCO layer is continuously formed after the SiOC layer is formed on the glass substrate by using the online CVD method.
- the TCO layer is formed by spraying the mixed raw material gas at normal pressure on the glass substrate on which the SiOC layer heated to a predetermined temperature is formed.
- a mixed gas composed of MBTC (monobutyltin trichloride) raw material, Sb raw material, HCl gas and NHO 3 gas can be used as the raw material gas.
- a mixed gas composed of MBTC raw material, F raw material (trifluoroacetic acid (TFA)), oxygen gas and nitrogen gas can be used as the raw material gas.
- the composition of the TCO layer to be produced can be adjusted by changing the composition of the raw material gas and the like.
- a frame-shaped shielding layer is formed on at least a part of the TCO layer (the outermost TCO layer when the TCO layer is composed of a plurality of layers), for example, on the peripheral edge of the TCO layer (shielding layer forming step). ).
- a material for forming a shielding layer for example, a ceramic color paste
- coating step is applied to at least a part of the glass substrate on which the SiOC layer and the TCO layer are formed (coating step), and dried as necessary. ..
- the method for applying the material for forming the shielding layer is not particularly limited, and for example, a screen printing method, an inkjet method, or the like can be used. Specifically, it is preferable to print on the glass substrate with a screen of # 150 to # 250 mesh.
- the material for forming the shielding layer As the material for forming the shielding layer, a commercially available product may be used or may be prepared separately (material preparation step for forming the shielding layer).
- the material for forming the shielding layer can be prepared, for example, by dispersing the desired frit and pigment described above in the organic vehicle.
- the obtained glass substrate is heated to a predetermined temperature using a baking furnace such as an IR furnace, and the material for forming a shielding layer is sintered on the glass substrate (sintering step).
- the heating (firing) temperature is not particularly limited, but is preferably 550 to 730 ° C.
- the firing speed (transport speed) is also not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 30 mm / s. By changing these firing conditions, the crystallinity value of the shield layer to be produced can be adjusted. From the above, a shielding layer is formed on the glass substrate.
- the glass substrate in which the SiOC layer, the TCO layer, and the shielding layer are arranged in this order is heat-molded into a desired shape (heat molding step), and a cooling operation is performed as necessary (cooling step).
- the glass substrate may be subjected to self-weight bending molding or press bending molding while being held at the heating temperature in the sintering step to form a desired shape. That is, the heat molding step and the sintering step may be performed in parallel.
- press bending for example, a glass plate is bent by a pressing device (heating pressing device) according to a desired shape of an automobile window glass.
- self-weight bending molding the glass substrate is bent by a self-weight bending device.
- the air cooling may be strengthened according to the safety standard required for the window glass for automobiles.
- the glass article obtained from the above has excellent heat resistance and can suppress peeling and cracking of each layer on the glass substrate. Further, this glass article does not use a whiskers-like refractory, and can achieve both the low temperature sintering property of the material for forming the shielding layer and the high plate strength of the glass article.
- Examples 1 to 3 are examples regarding this glass article, and Examples 4 to 6 are comparative examples.
- Example 1 Preparation of glass substrate Glass raw materials SiO 2 , Al 2 O 3 , MgO, CaO, Na 2 O and K 2 O were heated at a temperature of 1450 to 1700 ° C. to obtain molten glass. Next, the molten glass was poured into a tin bath filled with molten tin to form a plate-shaped glass ribbon. At this time, the tin bath had a mixed gas atmosphere of H 2 and N 2 , and the temperature was 950 to 1200 ° C. on the upstream side and 500 to 950 ° C. on the downstream side. Next, the obtained glass ribbon was slowly cooled, and at that time, SO 2 treatment was simultaneously carried out in a slow cooling furnace.
- a mixed gas of SO 2 gas and air was sprayed from the bottom surface (the surface in contact with the tin bath) of the glass ribbon. Then, after the SO 2 treatment, the obtained glass ribbon was washed with a mixture of calcium carbonate and water and a mixture of a neutral detergent and water, respectively, to remove the protective layer of sulfate adhering to both sides of the glass ribbon. As a result, a glass substrate was obtained. The thickness of the glass substrate was 2.1 mm.
- the composition of the prepared glass substrate is shown in Table 2 below.
- the blending amount of each component shown in Table 2 is an oxide in the vicinity of a depth of 5000 nm from the surface of the glass substrate where the composition is stable. It shows the standard mass percentage.
- SiOC layer and TCO layer A SiOC layer, a first TCO layer, and a second TCO layer are continuously attached to one surface of the glass substrate by using an online CVD device. Formed. Specifically, first, under the following SiOC layer film forming conditions, a mixed gas composed of the following raw material gas is sprayed on one surface of a glass substrate heated to 600 to 1100 ° C. at normal pressure to have the following thickness. A SiOC layer was produced. Conditions for forming the SiOC layer Raw material gas: Silane gas (0.585 kg / hr), ethylene gas (2.03 kg / hr), carbon dioxide gas (6.10 kg / hr), nitrogen gas (4.30 kg / hr). Glass substrate temperature: 600 to 1100 ° C. Film formation pressure: normal pressure. Film thickness of SiOC layer: 80 nm.
- a mixed gas composed of the following raw materials is sprayed on the surface of the SiOC layer heated to 600 to 1100 ° C. at normal pressure, and the first thickness has the following thickness.
- a TCO layer (SnOx: Sb) was prepared.
- First TCO layer film forming conditions Raw material: MBTC raw material (37.3 L / hr), Sb raw material (6.0% by volume: ratio when MBTC raw material is 100% by volume), HCl gas (7.17 kg / hr). hr), NHO 3 gas (38.9 L / hr). Glass substrate temperature: 600 to 1100 ° C. Film formation pressure: normal pressure. Film thickness: 430 nm.
- a mixed gas composed of the following raw materials is sprayed on the entire surface of the first TCO layer heated to 600 to 1100 ° C. at normal pressure, and the thickness is as follows.
- 2 TCO layers (SnOx: F) were prepared.
- Second TCO layer film forming condition Raw material: MBTC raw material (18.18 L / hr), F raw material (TFA) (7.08 L / hr), oxygen gas (24.43 Nm 3 / hr), nitrogen gas (20. 28Nm 3 / hr). Glass substrate temperature: 600 to 1100 ° C. Film formation pressure: normal pressure. Film thickness: 200 nm.
- shielding layer containing Bi 4 (SiO 4 ) 3 as a crystal component and CuCrMnO spinel pigment as a pigment in the XRD measurement data is specifically placed on the glass substrate. It was prepared on the peripheral portion of the TCO layer of 2. Specifically, a commercially available material for forming a shielding layer (trade name: 14501, manufactured by Ferro) is printed on the peripheral edge of the second TCO layer by a screen printing method of # 150 to # 250 mesh and dried. I let you.
- a firing furnace IR furnace
- firing is performed under the following firing conditions, and the material for forming a shielding layer is sintered onto this glass substrate to form a frame-shaped shielding layer as shown in FIG. 1B.
- -Baking conditions Baking temperature: 680-710 ° C, Baking speed (transport speed): 5 to 30 mm / s.
- the thickness of the shielding layer was 15 ⁇ m. From the above, it was possible to obtain a glass substrate on which the SiOC layer, the TCO layer and the shielding layer were laminated.
- Example 1 The glass substrate produced in Example 1 was evaluated using the following evaluation method.
- Example 1 When the shielding layer was sintered onto a glass substrate at 680 to 710 ° C., press bending molding was also performed to produce a curved automobile window glass.
- the obtained window glass for automobiles was put into a high-temperature and high-humidity tank (temperature 80 ° C or higher, relative humidity 95% or higher), and the presence or absence of film peeling and crack generation was visually confirmed every 24 hours, and the following evaluations were made. Evaluation was performed based on the criteria. The evaluation results are shown in Table 3 described later.
- -Evaluation standard 4 No peeling or cracking occurred after 2000 hours. 3: No peeling or cracking occurred after 1500 hours. However, peeling and / or cracking occurred between 1500 and 2000 hours. 2: No peeling or cracking occurred after 1000 hours. However, peeling and / or cracking occurred between 1000 and 1500 hours. Peeling and / or cracking occurred within 1: 1000 hours.
- the linear expansion coefficient of the glass substrate and each layer laminated on the glass substrate was measured based on the following method. That is, the thermal expansion curve of the object to be measured cut into a predetermined shape (for example, a rod shape of 5 cm) is measured in a temperature range of 25 to 300 ° C. using an Orton expansion meter, and the linear expansion coefficient is based on these data. Was calculated.
- the measurement results for the shielding layer are shown in Table 3 below.
- the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer in Example 1 was in the range of 0.6 to 4.0 ⁇ 10-6 / K.
- the elemental ratio of the SiOC layer was measured by ESCA (Electron Spectroscopic Chemical Analysis).
- the device used was a scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer (XPS) PHI Quantera II (trade name) manufactured by ULVAC-PHI.
- XPS scanning X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy analyzer
- PHI Quantera II trade name manufactured by ULVAC-PHI.
- the sample was cut out to a size (several millimeters square) that fits in the reference table of the measuring device, and the sample was set in the device.
- Crystallinity value The crystallinity of the shielding layer was calculated by XRD (X-ray Diffraction).
- the device used was a fully automatic multipurpose X-ray opening device Smart Lab (trade name) manufactured by Rigaku.
- the measurement sample was cut out to a size (several centimeters square) that fits in the reference table of the measuring device, and the sample was set in the device.
- the measurement conditions (tube voltage 45 kV, tube current 200 mA) were input, and the measurement was performed by the 2 ⁇ / ⁇ scan method at a measurement angle of 10 ° to 80 °, a step of 0.02 °, and a scan speed of 20 ° / min.
- the crystallinity value of the shielding layer (Bi 4 (SiO 4 ) 3 crystal phase CPS / Cu-Cr-Mn- CPS) of the O-spinel pigment phase was calculated.
- the calculated crystallinity values are shown in Table 3.
- the peak of the Bi 4 (SiO 4 ) 3 crystal phase was obtained at 2 ⁇ / ⁇ : 32.6 degrees, and the peak of the Cu—Cr—Mn—O spinel pigment phase was obtained at 2 ⁇ / ⁇ : 35.8 degrees. Be done. In Examples 5 and 6 described later, the crystallinity value was not measured.
- Example 2 A glass substrate having each layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the firing conditions of the shielding film forming material in the firing furnace were changed as follows, and evaluation was performed based on the above-mentioned evaluation method, and each physical property value was evaluated.
- -Baking conditions Baking temperature: 680 ° C, Baking speed: 10 mm / s.
- the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer in Example 2 was in the range of 0.6 to 4.0 ⁇ 10-6 / K.
- Example 3 A glass substrate having each layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following points were changed, and evaluation was performed based on the above-mentioned evaluation method, and each physical property value was measured. Specifically, in Example 3, the raw material gas used for the film forming condition of the SiOC layer and the firing condition of the material for forming the shielding film in the firing furnace were changed as follows. Conditions for forming the SiOC layer Raw material gas: Silane gas (0.335 kg / hr), ethylene gas (0.64 kg / hr), carbon dioxide gas (14.11 kg / hr), nitrogen gas (1.00 kg / hr). -Baking conditions Baking temperature: 710 ° C, Baking speed: 25 mm / s. The ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer in Example 3 was in the range of 0.6 to 4.0 ⁇ 10-6 / K.
- Example 4 A substrate having each layer was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the raw material gases used for the SiOC layer film forming conditions, the first TCO layer film forming conditions, and the second TCO layer film forming conditions were changed as follows. It was prepared, evaluated based on the above-mentioned evaluation method, and each physical property value was measured. Conditions for forming the SiOC layer Raw material gas: Silane gas (0.335 kg / hr), ethylene gas (0.64 kg / hr), carbon dioxide gas (14.11 kg / hr), nitrogen gas (1.00 kg / hr).
- First TCO layer film forming condition Raw material: MBTC raw material (50.6 L / hr), Sb raw material (6.0%), HCl gas (9.37 kg / hr).
- Second TCO layer film forming condition Raw material: MBTC raw material (17.93 L / hr), F raw material (TFA) (6.98 L / hr), oxygen gas (24.10 Nm 3 / hr), nitrogen gas (20. 28Nm 3 / hr).
- Example 5 A glass substrate having each layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following points were changed, and evaluation was performed based on the above-mentioned evaluation method, and each physical property value was measured.
- the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer in Example 5 was in the range of 0.6 to 4.0 ⁇ 10-6 / K.
- the material for forming the shielding layer used in Example 1 was changed to a trade name: B9-71, manufactured by Ferro.
- Example 6 A glass substrate having each layer was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the following points were changed, and evaluation was performed based on the above-mentioned evaluation method, and each physical property value was measured.
- the raw material gas used for the film formation condition of the SiOC layer is silane gas (0.335 kg / hr), ethylene gas (0.64 kg / hr), carbon dioxide gas (14.11 kg / hr), and the like. It was changed to nitrogen gas (1.00 kg / hr)).
- the material for forming the shielding layer used in Example 1 was changed to a trade name: B9-83, manufactured by Ferro.
- the ⁇ Si of the SiOC layer in Example 6 was in the range of 0.6 to 4.0 ⁇ 10-6 / K.
- Table 3 shows the measurement results of the SiOC layer and the shielding layer of each example and the evaluation results based on the above-mentioned evaluation method.
- this glass article having a SiOC layer C / Si of 0.1 to 0.5 and a shielding layer ⁇ sh of 7.7 ⁇ 10 -3 / K or less exhibits excellent heat resistance. You can see that. Further, the present glass articles obtained in Examples 1 to 3 were also excellent in mold releasability.
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Abstract
Description
透明導電性酸化物層(例えば、ドープ酸化スズ層)は、太陽光の放射熱を低減できるLow-E(Low Emissivity)性能を有することが知られており、ガラス物品の断熱性及び遮熱性を向上し得る。
さらに、遮蔽層は、通常、車両用ガラス物品(例えば、自動車用窓ガラス)の周縁部に設けられ、太陽光による接着剤の劣化防止、意匠性の向上等の目的で設けられる。
[1]ガラス基板上に、炭素添加シリコン酸化物層と、透明導電性酸化物層と、遮蔽層とを、この順に有し、前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層における、ケイ素に対する炭素の原子組成百分率の比C/Siは、0.1以上、0.5以下であり、前記遮蔽層の線膨張係数αShは、7.7×10-3/K以下である、ことを特徴とするガラス物品。
[2]前記遮蔽層が、結晶成分と、顔料とを含み、前記遮蔽層のX線回折測定データにおける、前記顔料に対する前記結晶成分のCPS比で表される結晶性値が、7以上、33以下である、[1]に記載のガラス物品。
[3]前記遮蔽層が、結晶成分と、顔料とを含み、前記遮蔽層のX線回折測定データにおける、前記顔料に対する前記結晶成分のCPS比で表される結晶性値に対する、前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の前記C/Siの比が、0.005以上、0.04以下である、[1]または[2]に記載のガラス物品。
[4]前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の線膨張係数αSiが、0.6×10-6/K以上、4.0×10-6/K以下である、[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[5]前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の線膨張係数αSiが、2.9×10-6/K以下である、[4]に記載のガラス物品。
[6]前記ガラス基板の厚さtgが、2.0mm以上、3.5mm以下である、[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[7]前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の厚さtSiが、30nm以上、150nm以下である、[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[8]前記透明導電性酸化物層が、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ層およびアンチモンドープ酸化スズ層のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
[9]自動車用窓ガラスとして使用される、[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載のガラス物品。
また、以下、SiOC層とは、当該層が、ケイ素原子(Si)、酸素原子(O)及び炭素原子(C)を含むことを単に意味するものであり、これらの原子(元素)の組成比が1:1:1であることを示すものではない。
特にベース層としてSiOC層を用いた場合には、高温での成形時にSiOCが熱分解する可能性があり、これにより、ガラス基板とベース層との界面の密着力が一層低下し、剥離やクラックが発生すると推測した。
本ガラス物品は、自動車等の車両用ガラス、特に自動車用窓ガラスとして好適に用いることができ、車体前部、後部、側部、天井部のいずれの位置にも使用できる。また、本ガラス物品は、車両以外の用途、例えば、建築物等に関しても制限なく用いることができる。また、本ガラス物品は、以下に示す構成をその少なくとも一部に有していればよく、例えば、1枚のガラス基板を含む1枚ガラスとして使用してもよく、複数枚のガラス基板を含む合わせガラスとして使用してもよい。本ガラス物品の製造方法は特に限定されないが、後述するように、例えば、従来公知のフロート法を用いて製造できる。
ガラス基板(ガラス板)は、従来公知のものを適宜使用でき、例えば、熱線吸収ガラス、クリアガラス、ソーダ石灰系ガラス、グリーンガラス、UVグリーンガラスなどを用いることができる。しかしながら、本ガラス物品を車両用ガラスとして使用する際には、ガラス基板は、当該車両を使用する国の安全規格に沿った可視光線透過率を有することが求められ、その他の用途に用いる場合には、その用途において必要となる特性を有することが求められる。このため、ガラス基板は、求められる特性を実現できるよう、組成を適宜調整することが好ましい。ガラス基板の組成としては、例えば、以下のものを挙げることができる。なお、ガラス基板の組成は、蛍光X線分析により特定できる。
SiO2:70~73質量%、
Al2O3:0.6~2.4質量%、
CaO:7~12質量%、
MgO:1.0~4.5質量%、
R2O:13~15質量%(Rはアルカリ金属、例えば、NaやK)、
Fe2O3に換算した全酸化鉄(T-Fe2O3):0~0.14質量%。
また、ガラス基板の形状は、所望の用途に応じた形状に成形可能なものであれば特に限定されないが、例えば、矩形状であることができる。本ガラス物品の成形形状としては、湾曲形状が挙げられ、湾曲の形態は特に限定されないが、例えば、図1Aに示す紙面上下方向に湾曲した形状とすることができる。なお、本ガラス物品は、SiOC層、TCO層及び遮蔽層が配されたガラス基板を成形する前のもの、並びに、当該ガラス基板を所望の形状に成形した後のものをいずれも含むものである。したがって、本ガラス物品が有するガラス基板は、成形前の例えば矩形状のガラス基板であってもよいし、成形後の例えば湾曲形状のガラス基板であってもよい。
本ガラス物品では、ガラス基板と、TCO層との間に配されるベース層として、炭素添加シリコン酸化物層:SiOC層(SiOC膜)を用いる。ガラス基板上にSiOC層を積層させる方法は特に限定されないが、ガラス物品の製造工程で成膜を行う、オンラインコーティング、より具体的には、オンラインCVD(Chemival Vapor Deposition:化学気相成長)を用いることが好ましい。
なお、当該SiOC層は、SnO2層等の従来のベース層と比較して、優れたアルカリ拡散防止機能を有するとともに、耐久性及びボイド欠陥の抑制に優れており、好適に用いられている。
なお、SiOC層におけるC/SiやO/Siを適宜調整することで、SiOC層のαSiを調整できる。SiOC層のαSiは、後述する方法で測定できる。
本ガラス物品に用いる透明導電性酸化物層(TCO層)は、上述したように、優れたLow-E性能を有していることが知られており、例えば、ドープ酸化スズ及びドープ酸化亜鉛、並びに、これらの2つ以上の混合物を含むことができる。TCO層は、この他にも、スズ酸アルカリ金属(例えば、カリウム、ナトリウム、リチウム等)、スズ酸亜鉛、スズ酸カドミウム、並びに、これらの2つ以上の混合物等を含むことができる。
これらの中でも、優れたLow-E性能を有することから、TCO層は、ドープ酸化スズ層であることが好ましい。また、同様の観点から、TCO層は、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ(F:SnOx)層及びアンチモンドープ酸化スズ(Sb:SnOx)層のうちの少なくとも一方の層を含むことがより好ましい。なお、これらの酸化度合い(x:例えば2)は、成膜条件、例えば、CVD成膜条件を適宜変更することで調整することができ、特に限定されない。
なお、図2A及び図2Bはそれぞれ、本ガラス物品の一実施形態を説明するための概略断面図であり、図2A及び図2Bはそれぞれ、TCO層が1層及び2層で構成される場合を示す。なお、図2A及び図2Bにおいて、遮蔽層の記載は省略されている。
遮蔽層は、ガラス基板の一方の面の少なくとも一部分上、具体的には、TCO層の少なくとも一部分上に配されていればよいが、本ガラス物品を車両用ガラス物品として用いる際には、ガラス基板の周縁部を被覆するように設けられることが好ましい。この遮蔽層によって、車体への取付け部材や電装品の端子などが車外から見えないようになっている。
なお、遮蔽層の形状は、例えば、額縁状、帯状、ドット状等、様々な形状とすることができる。図1Bでは、ガラス基板の周縁部上、より具体的には、TCO層3の周縁部上に、額縁状の遮蔽層4が設けられている。なお、前記遮蔽層は、例えば、ガラス基板の端縁から特定の領域を被覆するように設けることができる。より具体的には、遮蔽層は、ガラス基板の端縁から少なくとも30mm以内(例えば、端縁から50mm以内)の部分を被覆できる。
遮蔽層の結晶性値、すなわち、結晶成分のCPS/顔料のCPSが、7以上であれば、結晶性がより向上し、遮蔽層の表面凹凸が大きくなり、成形時の離型性をより向上させることができる。同様の観点から、遮蔽層の結晶性値は、10以上がより好ましく、11以上が特に好ましい。また、遮蔽層の結晶性値が、33以下であれば、ガラス物品を高温で成形する際に、ガラス基板上の層剥離を容易に抑制できる。同様の観点から、遮蔽層の結晶性値は、20以下であることがより好ましく、15未満(例えば、14以下)であることが特に好ましい。なお、遮蔽層が結晶成分や顔料を複数種含む場合には、上記結晶成分のCPS及び顔料のCPSは、それぞれ当該複数種のCPSの合計値を用いて、上記結晶性値を算出する。
焼成前の遮蔽層形成用材料は、フリット(遮蔽層としたときの結晶成分に相当)と、顔料(例えば、耐熱性黒色顔料)とを少なくとも含み、この他に、必要に応じて、顔料を分散させるための(有機)ビヒクル、導電性金属、還元剤、分散性界面活性剤、流動性修飾剤、流動性補助剤、接着促進剤、安定化剤、着色剤等を含むことができる。なお、遮蔽層形成用材料として、市販品を使用することもできる。遮蔽層形成用材料の市販品としては、例えば、商品名:14501(Ferro社製)を挙げることができる。
顔料は、例えば、目的の金属を含有する微小金属酸化物または塩を化合し、か焼することによって、所望の顔料を形成できる。その際、当該微小金属酸化物のサイズは、適宜設定できるが、好ましくは1nm~10μm、より好ましくは10nm~1μm、さらに好ましくは50~500nmである。
導電性金属としては、例えば、銀(銀粒子)を用いることができる。
還元剤としては、例えば、ケイ素金属を用いることができる。
分散性界面活性剤は、不活性微粒子無機顔料が使用される際に、顔料が濡れるのを補助する役割を担う。分散性界面活性剤は、通常、顔料に親和性を有する基を備えたブロックコポリマーを含有し、さらに必要に応じて溶剤(例えば、キシレン、酢酸ブチル、酢酸メトキシプロピル)を含有する。分散性界面活性剤は、従来公知のものを適宜使用でき、例えば、Disperbyk162(商品名、BykChemie製)を使用できる。
流動性修飾剤は、粘度を調整するために使用され、従来公知のものを適宜使用でき、例えば、Viscobykシリーズ(BykChemie製)を使用できる。
流動性補助剤は、粘度と流動性を調整するために使用される添加剤であり、従来公知のものを使用でき、例えば、AdditolVXW6388(商品名、UCB Surface Speciality製)を使用できる。
接着促進剤は、遮蔽層を設ける層(TCO層)との適合性を改善するために使用するものであり、使用するTCO層の組成に応じて適宜選択できる。
安定化剤としては、例えば、光安定化剤や、UV遮蔽剤を使用できる。
なお、これらの添加剤の配合量は適宜設定でき、特に限定されない。
また、当該比が0.005以上であれば、SiOC層の優れたアルカリ拡散防止機能を発揮するとともに、ガラス物品を高温で成形する際に、ガラス基板上の層剥離を容易に抑制できる。同様の観点から、当該比は0.008以上であることがより好ましく、0.010以上であることがさらに好ましい。
本ガラス物品を製造する方法は、特に限定されないが、例えば、以下の工程を含む製造方法により製造できる。
・ガラス基板を用意する工程(基板用意工程)。
・ガラス基板上に、SiOC層を形成する工程(SiOC層形成工程)。
・SiOC層上に、TCO層を形成する工程(TCO層形成工程)。
・TCO層上に、遮蔽層を形成する工程(遮蔽層形成工程)。
・SiOC層上に、第1のTCO層を形成する工程(第1のTCO層形成工程)。
・第1のTCO層上に、第2のTCO層を形成する工程(第2のTCO層形成工程)。
・遮蔽層形成用材料を用意する工程(遮蔽層形成用材料用意工程)。
・TCO層上に、前記遮蔽層形成用材料を塗布する工程(塗布工程)。
・前記TCO層上に塗布された前記遮蔽層形成用材料を焼結する工程(焼結工程)。
・SiOC層と、TCO層と、遮蔽層とがこの順に配されたガラス基板を、所望の形状に加熱成形する工程(加熱成形工程)。
・加熱成形した前記ガラス基板を冷却する工程(冷却工程)。
これらの工程は順次行われてもよいし、複数の工程(例えば、基板用意工程(具体的には溶融工程)とSiOC層形成工程、遮蔽層形成工程(具体的には焼結工程)と加熱成形工程)が並行して行われてもよい。
以下に上記製造方法について詳しく説明する。
プレス曲げ成形では、例えば、所望の自動車用窓ガラスの形状に応じて、プレス装置(加熱プレス装置)によってガラス板を曲げ加工する。自重曲げ成形では、自重曲げ装置によって、当該ガラス基板を曲げ加工する。さらに、自動車用窓ガラスに必要とされる安全基準に応じて、風冷強化などを行ってもよい。
(例1-1)ガラス基板の作製
ガラス原料SiO2、Al2O3、MgO、CaO、Na2O及びK2Oを、温度1450~1700℃で加熱し、溶融ガラスを得た。次いで、上記溶融ガラスを溶融スズで満たしたスズ浴に流し込み、板状のガラスリボンを成形した。この際、スズ浴は、H2及びN2の混合ガス雰囲気とし、温度は上流側で950~1200℃、下流側で500~950℃とした。次に、得られたガラスリボンを徐冷し、その際に、徐冷炉内でSO2処理を同時に実施した。具体的には、SO2ガスと空気の混合気体を、ガラスリボンのボトム面(スズ浴に接していた面)側から吹き付けた。そして、SO2処理後に、得られたガラスリボンを、炭酸カルシウムと水の混合物と、中性洗剤と水の混合物とでそれぞれ洗浄し、ガラスリボン両面に付着した硫酸塩の保護層を除去した。これにより、ガラス基板を得た。なお、ガラス基板の厚みは2.1mmであった。作製したガラス基板の組成を下記表2に示す。ここで通常、ガラス基板の表面近傍は組成が安定していないことから、表2に記載の各構成成分の配合量は、組成が安定する、ガラス基板の表面から深さ5000nm付近における、酸化物基準の質量百分率を示すものである。
前記ガラス基板の一方の面に、オンラインCVD装置を用いて、SiOC層と、第1のTCO層と、第2のTCO層とを連続して形成した。具体的には、まず、下記SiOC層成膜条件で、600~1100℃に加熱されたガラス基板の一方の面に、下記原料ガスで構成される混合ガスを常圧で吹き付け、以下の厚みのSiOC層を作製した。
・SiOC層成膜条件
原料ガス:シランガス(0.585kg/hr)、エチレンガス(2.03kg/hr)、炭酸ガス(6.10kg/hr)、窒素ガス(4.30kg/hr)。
ガラス基板温度:600~1100℃。
成膜圧力:常圧。
SiOC層の膜厚:80nm。
・第1のTCO層成膜条件
原料:MBTC原料(37.3L/hr)、Sb原料(6.0体積%:MBTC原料を100体積%とした際の割合)、HClガス(7.17kg/hr)、NHO3ガス(38.9L/hr)。
ガラス基板温度:600~1100℃。
成膜圧力:常圧。
膜厚:430nm。
・第2のTCO層成膜条件
原料:MBTC原料(18.18L/hr)、F原料(TFA)(7.08L/hr)、酸素ガス(24.43Nm3/hr)、窒素ガス(20.28Nm3/hr)。
ガラス基板温度:600~1100℃。
成膜圧力:常圧。
膜厚:200nm。
XRD測定データにおける、結晶成分として、Bi4(SiO4)3、顔料として、CuCrMnOスピネル顔料を含む遮蔽層を、上記ガラス基板上、具体的には、第2のTCO層の周縁部上に作製した。具体的には市販品の遮蔽層形成用材料(商品名:14501、Ferro社製)を、第2のTCO層の周縁部上に、#150~#250メッシュのスクリーン印刷法で印刷して乾燥させた。続いて、焼成炉(IR炉)を用いて、以下の焼成条件で焼成を行い、遮蔽層形成用材料をこのガラス基板上に焼結させ、図1Bに示すような額縁状の遮蔽層を形成した。
・焼成条件
焼成温度:680~710℃、
焼成速度(搬送速度):5~30mm/s。
なお、遮蔽層の厚みは、15μmであった。以上より、SiOC層、TCO層及び遮蔽層が積層されたガラス基板を得ることができた。
例1で作製したガラス基板を以下の評価方法を用いて評価した。
例1において、680~710℃で遮蔽層をガラス基板上に焼結させる際に、併せて、プレス曲げ成形を行い、湾曲形状の自動車用窓ガラスを作製した。得られた自動車用窓ガラスを、高温高湿槽(温度80℃以上、相対湿度95%以上)へ投入し、24時間毎に膜剥離及びクラック発生の有無を目視にて確認し、以下の評価基準に基づき、評価を行った。評価結果を後述する表3に示す。
・評価基準
4:2000時間経過した時点で剥離及びクラックが発生せず。
3:1500時間経過した時点で剥離及びクラックが発生せず。但し、1500~2000時間の間に剥離及び/又はクラックが発生。
2:1000時間経過した時点で剥離及びクラックが発生せず。但し、1000~1500時間の間に剥離及び/又はクラックが発生。
1:1000時間までの間に剥離及び/又はクラックが発生している。
当該ガラス基板の各物性値の測定方法は以下の通りである。
ガラス基板、及びガラス基板上に積層される各層(ここでは、遮蔽層)の線膨張係数を以下の方法に基づき、測定した。すなわち、所定の形状(例えば、5cmの棒状)に切断した測定対象物の熱膨張曲線を、Orton膨張計を用いて、25~300℃の温度範囲で測定し、これらのデータに基づき線膨張係数を算出した。遮蔽層に関する測定結果を後述の表3に示す。なお、例1における、SiOC層のαSiは、0.6~4.0×10-6/Kの範囲内であった。
ESCA(Electron Spectroscopy Chemical Analysis)にて、SiOC層の元素比を測定した。装置はアルバック・ファイ製、走査型X線光電子分光分析装置(XPS) PHI Quantera II(商品名)を使用した。サンプルを測定装置の資料台に収まるサイズ(数ミリ角)に切り出し、装置内にサンプルをセットした。測定条件(分析径:100μmφ、X-ray setting:25W、15kV、Sputter setting:2kV(2mm×2mmの面積)、分析時の真空度:約2×10-7Pa)を入力し、スパッタガン(膜を削る用途)で膜を削りながら、測定を繰り返すことで膜中の組成分析を実施した。SiOC層中の膜組成を分析し、SiOC層の中央部の元素比を使用して、C/Si値を算出した。算出した値を表3に示す。
XRD(X-ray Diffraction)にて遮蔽層の結晶度の算出を実施した。装置はRigaku製、全自動多目的X線開設装置 Smart Lab(商品名)を使用した。測定サンプルを測定装置の資料台に収まるサイズ(数センチ角)に切り出し、装置内にサンプルをセットした。測定条件(管電圧45kV、管電流200mA)を入力し、2θ/θスキャン法にて測定角度10度~80度、ステップ0.02度、スキャンスピード20度/分で測定を実施した。その得られたx軸2θ/θ角度、y軸CPS(Count Per Second)の値を使用し、遮蔽層の結晶性値(Bi4(SiO4)3結晶相のCPS/Cu-Cr-Mn-Oスピネル顔料相のCPS)を算出した。算出した結晶性値を表3に示す。なお、Bi4(SiO4)3結晶相のピークは、2θ/θ:32.6度に得られ、Cu-Cr-Mn-Oスピネル顔料相のピークは2θ/θ:35.8度に得られる。後述の例5及び例6では、結晶性値を測定しなかった。
上記測定方法より取得したC/Si値を結晶性値で除することにより、算出した。算出した値を表3に示す。
焼成炉における遮蔽膜形成用材料の焼成条件を以下のように変更した以外は、例1と同様にして、各層を有するガラス基板を作製し、上述した評価方法に基づき評価を行い、各物性値を測定した。
・焼成条件
焼成温度:680℃、
焼成速度:10mm/s。
なお、例2における、SiOC層のαSiは、0.6~4.0×10-6/Kの範囲内であった。
以下の点を変更した以外は、例1と同様にして、各層を有するガラス基板を作製し、上述した評価方法に基づき評価を行い、各物性値を測定した。具体的には、例3では、SiOC層の成膜条件に用いる原料ガスと、焼成炉における遮蔽膜形成用材料の焼成条件とを以下のように変更した。
・SiOC層成膜条件
原料ガス:シランガス(0.335kg/hr)、エチレンガス(0.64kg/hr)、炭酸ガス(14.11kg/hr)、窒素ガス(1.00kg/hr)。
・焼成条件
焼成温度:710℃、
焼成速度:25mm/s。
なお、例3における、SiOC層のαSiは、0.6~4.0×10-6/Kの範囲内であった。
SiOC層成膜条件、第1のTCO層成膜条件及び第2のTCO層成膜条件にそれぞれ用いる原料ガスを以下のように変更した以外は、例1と同様にして、各層を有する基板を作製し、上述した評価方法に基づき評価を行い、各物性値を測定した。
・SiOC層成膜条件
原料ガス:シランガス(0.335kg/hr)、エチレンガス(0.64kg/hr)、炭酸ガス(14.11kg/hr)、窒素ガス(1.00kg/hr)。
・第1のTCO層製膜条件
原料:MBTC原料(50.6L/hr)、Sb原料(6.0%)、HClガス(9.37kg/hr)。
・第2のTCO層製膜条件
原料:MBTC原料(17.93L/hr)、F原料(TFA)(6.98L/hr)、酸素ガス(24.10Nm3/hr)、窒素ガス(20.28Nm3/hr)。
以下の点を変更した以外は、例1と同様にして、各層を有するガラス基板を作製し、上述した評価方法に基づき評価を行い、各物性値を測定した。なお、例5における、SiOC層のαSiは、0.6~4.0×10-6/Kの範囲内であった。具体的には、例5では、例1で用いた遮蔽層形成用材料を、商品名:B9-71、Ferro社製に変更した。
以下の点を変更した以外は、例1と同様にして、各層を有するガラス基板を作製し、上述した評価方法に基づき評価を行い、各物性値を測定した。具体的には、例6では、SiOC層の成膜条件に用いる原料ガスを、シランガス(0.335kg/hr)、エチレンガス(0.64kg/hr)、炭酸ガス(14.11kg/hr)、窒素ガス(1.00kg/hr))に変更した。また、例6では、例1で用いた遮蔽層形成用材料を、商品名:B9-83、Ferro社製に変更した。
なお、例6における、SiOC層のαSiは、0.6~4.0×10-6/Kの範囲内であった。
2 炭素添加シリコン酸化物層(SiOC層)
3 透明導電性酸化物層(TCO層)
3a 第1のTCO層
3b 第2のTCO層
4 遮蔽層
Claims (9)
- ガラス基板上に、炭素添加シリコン酸化物層と、透明導電性酸化物層と、遮蔽層とを、この順に有し、
前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層における、ケイ素に対する炭素の原子組成百分率の比C/Siは、0.1以上、0.5以下であり、
前記遮蔽層の線膨張係数αShは、7.7×10-3/K以下である、
ことを特徴とするガラス物品。 - 前記遮蔽層が、結晶成分と、顔料とを含み、
前記遮蔽層のX線回折測定データにおける、前記顔料に対する前記結晶成分のCPS比で表される結晶性値が、7以上、33以下である、請求項1に記載のガラス物品。 - 前記遮蔽層が、結晶成分と、顔料とを含み、
前記遮蔽層のX線回折測定データにおける、前記顔料に対する前記結晶成分のCPS比で表される結晶性値に対する、前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の前記C/Siの比が、0.005以上、0.04以下である、請求項1または2に記載のガラス物品。 - 前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の線膨張係数αSiが、0.6×10-6/K以上、4.0×10-6/K以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の線膨張係数αSiが、2.9×10-6/K以下である、請求項4に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記ガラス基板の厚さtgが、2.0mm以上、3.5mm以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記炭素添加シリコン酸化物層の厚さtSiが、30nm以上、150nm以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載のガラス物品。
- 前記透明導電性酸化物層が、フッ素ドープ酸化スズ層およびアンチモンドープ酸化スズ層のうちの少なくとも一方を含む、請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載のガラス物品。
- 自動車用窓ガラスとして使用される、請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載のガラス物品。
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