WO2021205674A1 - 金被覆ボンディングワイヤとその製造方法、半導体ワイヤ接合構造、及び半導体装置 - Google Patents
金被覆ボンディングワイヤとその製造方法、半導体ワイヤ接合構造、及び半導体装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021205674A1 WO2021205674A1 PCT/JP2020/019809 JP2020019809W WO2021205674A1 WO 2021205674 A1 WO2021205674 A1 WO 2021205674A1 JP 2020019809 W JP2020019809 W JP 2020019809W WO 2021205674 A1 WO2021205674 A1 WO 2021205674A1
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- H10W70/465—
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- H10W72/015—
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- H10W72/50—
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- H10W90/00—
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- H10W95/00—
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45147—Copper (Cu) as principal constituent
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
- H01L2224/00—Indexing scheme for arrangements for connecting or disconnecting semiconductor or solid-state bodies and methods related thereto as covered by H01L24/00
- H01L2224/01—Means for bonding being attached to, or being formed on, the surface to be connected, e.g. chip-to-package, die-attach, "first-level" interconnects; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/4554—Coating
- H01L2224/45599—Material
- H01L2224/456—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45638—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45644—Gold (Au) as principal constituent
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- H10W72/07552—
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- H10W72/521—
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- H10W72/5363—
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- H10W72/5434—
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- H10W72/552—
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- H10W72/884—
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- H10W74/00—
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- H10W90/24—
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- H10W90/732—
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- H10W90/734—
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- H10W90/752—
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- H10W90/753—
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- H10W90/754—
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a gold-coated bonding wire and its manufacturing method, a semiconductor wire bonding structure, and a semiconductor device.
- a semiconductor chip made of a silicon single crystal or the like is incorporated in an integrated circuit.
- a semiconductor chip contains a large number of electronic circuit elements that perform complex functions, and is a delicate electronic component that is extremely vulnerable to vibration and impact.
- electrodes there are a plurality of electrodes (called chip electrodes or pads) on the surface of the semiconductor chip, and the electrode portion of the circuit base material such as a lead frame or a circuit board that mainly supports and fixes the semiconductor chip and bears the connection with the external wiring. And the electrode of the chip electrode are bonded and wired by a bonding wire.
- the bonding wire is a circuit base such as a lead frame in which one end of the bonding wire is bonded to the chip electrode (first bonding) by a method called ball bonding, and the other end of the bonding wire is bonded to the chip electrode by a method called wedge bonding (or stitch bonding). It is generally bonded to the external electrode of the material (second bonding).
- ball bonding one end of the bonding wire is melted by electric discharge or the like and solidified into a spherical shape by surface tension or the like to form a ball.
- the solidified ball is called a free air ball (FREE Air Ball: FAB), and is connected to the chip electrode by a thermocompression bonding method using ultrasonic waves or the like.
- FREE Air Ball FAB
- wedge bonding ultrasonic waves and a load are applied to the wire by a bonding tool (capillary) to bond to the electrode.
- a metal wire such as a gold wire, a silver wire, or a copper wire having a wire diameter of about 15 to 35 ⁇ m, or a coated wire coated with another metal is used.
- the semiconductor device is configured by resin-sealing a semiconductor chip and a circuit base material connected by wire bonding.
- a semiconductor memory is a type of semiconductor device, and an electronic component called a cell for storing data is incorporated in a semiconductor chip.
- Semiconductor memory has a high cost per capacity and was rarely used for external storage before, but in recent years the cost has been reduced and mechanical hard disks are weakened by vibration, so demand for semiconductor memory is high. Is expanding.
- NAND flash memory has been adopted for image storage of digital cameras
- USB memory Universal Serial Bus
- the memory capacity was 1 GB or less around 2000 AD, but it meets the needs of 100 GB or more around 2010, and in recent years, even larger capacity has been demanded.
- the demand for miniaturization of semiconductor memory is increasing due to the miniaturization of mobile devices, and naturally, the semiconductor memory chip is also required to be thin.
- a chip with a thickness of about 150 ⁇ m was sufficient, but since then, the thickness of the chip has rapidly decreased, and around 2010, a chip with a thickness of about 30 ⁇ m has been adopted.
- the development of chips with a thickness of only 20 ⁇ m (0.020 mm) has been progressing. Needless to say, the thinning of chips makes electronic components that are originally very delicate and destroyed if not handled carefully become even more fragile and must be handled more carefully.
- each chip has a storage capacity of about 4 to 8 GB. Therefore, for example, at least 16 chips are required to have a storage capacity of 128 GB. Is required. Since the memory product itself becomes large when a plurality of semiconductor devices are incorporated, stacking thin chips in one semiconductor device is a means to meet the needs of both large capacity and small size.
- a stacking method there are a method of stacking chips in a unidirectional step shape as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12 described later, and a method of stacking the chips so that the V-shape is laid down as shown in FIG.
- Such a bonding method is called a BSOB (BALL STITCH ON BALL) method or reverse bonding. This is intended to obtain an effect like a cushioning material that prevents chip breakage by forming bumps on a delicate and fragile chip electrode.
- This BSOB is repeated 3 times each to connect the chip electrode and the circuit board. Normally, ball bonding is performed directly on the chip electrode without forming bumps on the chip electrode, looping operation is performed, and then the bonding wire is wedge-bonded to the electrode of the circuit board.
- Such a bonding method is called a positive bonding method. Generally, the chip electrode and the circuit board are connected by the positive bonding method.
- the conditions of the bonding wire suitable for the reverse bonding method include softness that does not destroy the delicate chip electrode and wedge bonding on the bump, so that the bump surface and the wire surface have high corrosion resistance and oxidation resistance. Therefore, gold (Au) bonding wires and gold (Au) bumps containing gold (Au) as a main component, which is soft and does not oxidize, are used.
- the distance between the chip electrode and the circuit board is long, and the chip electrode and the circuit board are connected by a single wire. Decreases.
- the loop length becomes long, problems such as control of straightness of the wire after looping occur. Therefore, a method (cascade bonding method) of connecting the chip electrodes and the electrodes of the circuit board after connecting the chip electrodes with a wire as shown in FIG. 10 has been adopted.
- the cascade bonding method will be described. In the case of a semiconductor device in which a circuit board and three chips are stacked in four stages, the chips are connected from the upper stage (the lowest stage circuit board is the first stage, and the uppermost stage chip is the fourth stage).
- a bump is formed on the third-stage chip electrode, ball bonding is performed on the fourth-stage chip electrode, a looping operation is performed, and then a bonding wire is wedge-bonded to the bump formed on the third-stage chip electrode. do. This connects the 3rd and 4th stage chip electrodes.
- a bump is formed on the second-stage chip electrode, and ball bonding is performed on the wedge-bonded bump on the third-stage chip electrode. After performing the looping operation, wedge bonding is performed on the bump formed on the chip electrode of the second stage. With this, the chip electrodes of the second stage, the third stage, and the fourth stage are connected.
- CWB is not the conventional ball bonding, but wedge bonding to the chip electrode of the uppermost stage, then looping and wedge bonding to the chip electrode of the next stage, and one and the same wire is continuously connected to the next without tearing. It is a method of connecting to the chip electrode of the stage and finally connecting to the electrode of the circuit board. With this method, the above-mentioned bump formation, wire tearing after wedge bonding, and ball bonding after FAB formation can be omitted, so that the man-hours can be significantly reduced. Specifically, since only one process of wedge bonding is performed for each chip, the conventional man-hours are reduced to one-fourth, and continuous bonding is possible without forming bumps or FABs, so that the bonding time can be significantly shortened. ..
- FIG. 6 described later is an example of conventional ball bonding
- FIGS. 11 and 12 are examples of CWB.
- the productivity of continuous bonding of multi-stage laminated chips can be significantly improved. This is an improvement on the hard side, and it is premised that the bonding wire on the soft side still uses a gold wire that does not damage the chip electrode. As mentioned above, it is no longer necessary to form bumps and FABs, but when multi-stage laminated chips are required, the amount of bonding wire used increases significantly, so productivity is improved, but the use of expensive gold is a material cost. A new issue has arisen in which the total cost rises.
- the wire conditions required for continuous bonding of multi-stage laminated chip electrodes by the CWB method can be summarized as follows: (1) Good wedge bonding properties (continuous bonding properties and bonding strength), and (2) Chip electrodes. It does not cause damage, (3) it is a thin wire with a wire diameter of 35 ⁇ m or less, (4) the material cost is not expensive, (5) it is not limited to CWB, but its specific resistance is low, etc. ..
- Patent Document 1 describes copper as a main component as a bonding wire capable of improving the formability and bonding property of balls and increasing the bonding strength of wedge bonding. It has an outer skin layer containing a core material to be formed and a conductive metal and copper having different components or compositions from the core material, and the thickness of the outer skin layer is 0.001 to 0.02 ⁇ m. Bonding wires (1-20 nm) are described. Further, Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2007-1297 (Patent Document 2) describes silver, gold, and palladium as bonding wires that can improve the formability and bondability of balls and increase the bonding strength of wedge bonding.
- the target partner of wedge bonding referred to here is a lead frame, an electrode of a circuit board, or a bump on a chip electrode, which is basically different from the case of direct wedge bonding to a delicate and fragile thin chip electrode.
- Patent Document 3 a power semiconductor in which a metal electrode (element electrode) of a power semiconductor element and a metal electrode (connection electrode) such as a substrate are both wedge-connected by a metal wire.
- An apparatus in which an Ag or Ag alloy wire having a metal wire having a diameter of more than 50 ⁇ m and a diameter of 2 mm or less, or one or more of Pd, Au, Zn, Pt, Ni, Sn having a thickness of 3 nm or more on the surface of the Ag or Ag alloy wire, or these.
- a power semiconductor device which is a wire having a coating layer having an alloy of the above or an oxide or a nitride of these metals is described.
- the metal wire is wedge-bonded to both the element electrode and the connection electrode
- the metal wire is a thick wire having a diameter of more than 50 ⁇ m and 2 mm or less, and a thin metal wire having a wire diameter of about 15 to 35 ⁇ m. Is not considered.
- the wedge bondability is merely improved by selecting the constituent metal and the thickness of the electrode coating layer covering the surface of the element electrode.
- the electrodes of a power semiconductor that handles a relatively large amount of electric power are fundamentally different from thin chip electrodes that are delicate and fragile, such as a memory.
- the subject of the present inventors is to consider the needs for thinning chips and multi-stage lamination of semiconductor devices such as memories, and to have characteristics equivalent to gold instead of bonding wires containing gold as a main component. It is an object of the present invention to develop a bonding wire applicable to a method (CWB) of directly wedge bonding between electrodes of a multi-stage laminated chip with no material cost.
- CWB a method of directly wedge bonding between electrodes of a multi-stage laminated chip with no material cost.
- the necessary conditions for the wire are (1) good wedge bondability (continuous bondability and bond strength), and (2) no damage to the chip electrode (2). 3)
- the V-shape as shown in FIG. 13 is oriented sideways, and the lower side of the chip electrode portion becomes a space, and there is no base (support) for the chip. Places occur. It was found that if there was no base, the application of ultrasonic waves by the capillary would not work, the bonding energy given to the chip would decrease, and the bonding strength would weaken. Due to the multi-stage, it is necessary to individually set the bonding energy suitable for each location.
- the bonding energy is a condition range for obtaining stable bonding, and the wedge bonding conditions are mainly a load, ultrasonic wave application, and heating temperature. When the conditions around the junction are different, a wide range of junction energies is required.
- the present inventors have repeated trial and error with existing bonding wires that do not contain gold as a main component, but since the range of bonding energy that can be handled by existing bonding wires is narrow, low bonding energy, that is, mainly, is used in continuous wedge bonding. In the case of a low load with a small amount of wire crushing, the bonding strength is weak and wire peeling (lift) occurs at the bonding interface during the next looping. ), The chip is damaged and the wire is deformed very thinly, so it was found that the wire breaks at the thin part of the joint during the next looping.
- thin and multi-stage laminated chip electrodes such as semiconductor memories can be continuously and satisfactorily wedge-bonded, the chip electrodes are not damaged, the bonding energy condition range is wide, the specific resistance is low, and the material cost is low.
- the purpose is to provide a bonding wire that does not cost. Further, the problem will be solved by providing a manufacturing method thereof, a semiconductor wire bonding structure using the bonding wire, and a semiconductor device.
- the compressive stress is the value of the strength (force) per unit area when the wire is deformed by receiving a force in the compression direction.
- the compressive stress of the above is in the range of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less.
- Compressive stress of wire Force applied at 60% deformation with respect to wire diameter (N) / (Pi x Wire diameter (mm) / 2) x Indenter diameter (mm))
- the compressive stress may be a value automatically calculated by the compression tester.
- the indenter diameter is the diameter of the indenter attached to the compression tester.
- the circumference ratio is 3.14.
- the basic idea of the present invention is to coat the surface of these wires with soft Au based on Ag wire or Cu wire from the condition that it falls within the range of the above compressive stress, has low resistivity, and is inexpensive. We focused on the wire structure.
- the gold-coated bonding wire of the present invention is a gold-coated bonding wire having a core material containing silver or copper as a main component and a coating layer provided on the surface of the core material and containing gold as a main component. It is characterized in that the compressive stress when deformed by 60% with respect to the wire diameter of the gold-coated bonding wire is 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less.
- the method for producing a gold-coated bonding wire of the present invention is a method for producing a gold-coated bonding wire having a core material containing silver or copper as a main component and a coating layer provided on the surface of the core material and containing gold as a main component.
- the method is characterized in that the compressive stress when deformed by 60% with respect to the wire diameter of the gold-coated bonding wire is 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less.
- the semiconductor wire bonding structure of the present invention comprises a gold-coated bonding wire having a core material containing silver or copper as a main component and a coating layer containing gold as a main component, an electrode of a semiconductor chip, and the wire and the electrode. It is a semiconductor wire bonding structure having a bonded wedge bonding portion, and the gold-coated bonding wire has a coating layer having a thickness of 5 nm or more and 200 nm or less, and is deformed by 60% with respect to the wire diameter.
- the compressive stress at that time is 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention includes one or a plurality of semiconductor chips having at least one first electrode, a circuit base material selected from a lead frame and a circuit board having at least one second electrode, and a first of the semiconductor chips. At least one selected from between one electrode and the second electrode of the circuit substrate and between the first electrodes of the plurality of semiconductor chips is electrically connected, and the first electrode and the second electrode, Alternatively, the semiconductor device includes a gold-coated bonding wire wedge-bonded to at least one of the plurality of first electrodes, wherein the gold-coated bonding wire includes a core material containing silver or copper as a main component and the core. It has a coating layer provided on the surface of the material and containing gold as a main component, and the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire is 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less.
- the gold-coated bonding wire of the present invention by setting the compressive stress to 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less, in the case of continuous wedge bonding in which the bonding energy conditions differ depending on individual bonding points such as multi-stage laminated chip electrodes.
- stable wedge bonding strength can be obtained without damaging the semiconductor chip electrodes and the like.
- the semiconductor device of the present invention by using such a gold-coated bonding wire, it is possible to provide a semiconductor memory or the like which is inexpensive, thin, and has a large storage capacity while suppressing the total cost.
- the present invention is naturally effective in bonding stability, bonding reliability, etc. in ball bonding to ordinary semiconductor chip electrodes and wedge bonding to substrate circuits, lead frames, and the like.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment is provided on the surface of a core material 2 containing silver (Ag) or copper (Cu) as a main component and gold (C). It has a coating layer 3 containing Au) as a main component. As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment may further have an intermediate metal layer 4 provided between the core material 2 and the coating layer 3.
- the intermediate metal layer 4 contains one metal selected from palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni) as a main component.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment has a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less when deformed by 60% with respect to the wire diameter.
- the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 affects the amount of deformation of the wire when wedge-bonding it to the electrodes of the semiconductor chip, the electrodes of the circuit substrate such as the circuit board and the lead frame, the bondability to the electrodes, and the like. ..
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 having a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less stable wedge bonding property and wedge bonding strength can be obtained without damaging the semiconductor chip or the like during wedge bonding. Obtainable. This is sufficient without causing chip damage, especially when the electrodes of semiconductor chips stacked in multiple stages are continuously connected by CWB with a single bonding wire with connection energies under different conditions depending on the individual bonding points. It becomes possible to obtain wedge bonding strength.
- the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is less than 290 MPa, it is excessively deformed by the energy at the time of wedge bonding, specifically, the applied ultrasonic waves and the load, so that the wire crushing width of the wire bonding portion with respect to the electrode is large. Too much. If a part of the crushed wire protrudes to the outside of the electrode, it comes into contact with the adjacent wire bonding portion, and a short circuit defect is likely to occur. In addition, the wire joint is too crushed and the wire to be joined becomes thin, and when a loop is formed by a bonding tool (capillary), the wire at the joint is likely to be broken.
- the wire crushing width and the wire thickness of the wire bonding portion tend to be unstable.
- the wire at the joining part is not sufficiently deformed, the wedge joining strength is weakened, and the wedge is joined during the next loop formation.
- Wire peeling is likely to occur at the interface.
- a lift which is a barometer for evaluating the possibility of peeling at the bonding interface between the wire and the electrode.
- the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is preferably 340 MPa or more.
- the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 exceeds 590 MPa, even if wedge bonding is performed with high bonding energy, the wire is not easily deformed, the bonding area of the wire bonding portion is reduced, and the bonding strength is weakened. , Wire peeling is likely to occur at the bonding interface during the next loop formation. This also causes a lift in the pull test. Therefore, the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is preferably 540 MPa or less, and more preferably 490 MPa or less. That is, by using the gold-coated bonding wire 1 having a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less, stable wedge bonding is possible under a wide range of wedge bonding conditions.
- the composition of the metal material (silver-based material or copper-based material) constituting the core material 2, the composition and heat treatment of the core material 2, the coating layer 3 and the like A compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less can be obtained by appropriately controlling the thickness of the intermediate metal layer 4, the wire diameter of the bonding wire 1, the heat treatment conditions applied to the bonding wire 1, and the like.
- the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is not limited to the material, manufacturing process, manufacturing conditions, etc. of the gold-coated bonding wire 1, and exhibits its characteristics as long as it is within the above range.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 described above preferably has a wire diameter of 13 ⁇ m or more and 35 ⁇ m or less (diameter D shown in FIG. 1). If the wire diameter of the wire 1 is less than 13 ⁇ m, when wire bonding is performed using the bonding wire 1 at the time of manufacturing a semiconductor device, the strength, conductivity, etc. may decrease, and the reliability of wire bonding may decrease. There is. If the wire diameter of the wire 1 exceeds 35 ⁇ m, the bonding bondability to the electrode, particularly the wedge bonding bondability may be deteriorated. For example, the opening area of the electrodes of a semiconductor device with a narrow pitch becomes smaller.
- the passivation film may be broken or a short circuit may occur between adjacent bonding portions.
- the passivation film is an insulating film on the uppermost layer of the chip, and has a function of protecting the inside from external moisture and metal ions derived from a sealing resin or the like. Therefore, the passivation film is higher than the joint surface of the chip when viewed from the vertical cross section of the chip. If the wire diameter exceeds 35 ⁇ m, the passivation film is broken due to contact with the side surface of the wire near the joint or contact with the wire crushed at the joint during bonding.
- the core material 2 mainly constitutes the bonding wire 1 of the embodiment, and bears the function of the bonding wire 1.
- Silver or copper is used as the main component of such a core material 2.
- the inclusion of silver or copper as a main component means that the core material 2 contains at least 50% by mass or more of silver or copper.
- the core material 2 may be composed of sterling silver, but it is preferably composed of a silver alloy in which an additive element is added to silver.
- the core material 2 may be made of pure copper, but it is preferably made of a copper alloy in which an additive element is added to copper.
- Pure metal has the disadvantage that it is difficult to handle in the manufacturing process because it causes self-annealing and becomes too soft. When alloyed, it becomes moderately harder than pure metal, and has the advantage of making the bonding wire easier to handle in the manufacturing process. Not only that, by using the core material 2 made of a silver alloy or a copper alloy, there is an advantage that the gold-coated bonding wire 1 having a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less can be easily obtained.
- the core material 2 containing silver or copper as the main component has a Vickers hardness (Hv) of 40 or more and 80 or less. It is preferable to have.
- the Vickers hardness referred to here is the Vickers hardness of the core material 2 in the cross section of the gold-coated bonding wire 1.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 having a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less can be easily obtained.
- the Vickers hardness of the core material 2 is less than 40, the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 becomes too low, and it becomes difficult to obtain a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more. If the Vickers hardness of the core material 2 exceeds 80, the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 becomes too high, and it becomes difficult to obtain a compressive stress of 590 MPa or less.
- the Vickers hardness of the core material 2 is more preferably 45 or more, and more preferably 70 or less. Of course, not only is it easier to obtain the target compressive stress, but by setting the Vickers hardness within this range, the wedge bondability is further enhanced by the synergistic effect of the compressive stress and hardness. Note that compressive stress and Vickers hardness are not always in a simple proportional relationship.
- the silver content in the silver alloy is preferably 97% by mass or more.
- the silver alloy constituting the core material 2 includes copper (Cu), calcium (Ca), phosphorus (P), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), rhodium (Rh), and the like. It preferably contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of indium (In) and iron (Fe).
- the element added to the silver alloy constituting the core material 2 enhances the reliability (corrosion resistance) of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 and increases the Vickers hardness of the core material 2 to prevent self-annealing (self-annealing). effective.
- the wire becomes too soft, making it difficult to handle in the manufacturing process and making it more susceptible to scratches.
- the content of the additive element is too large, the specific resistance of the core material 2 increases, and the electrical conductivity of the core material 2 and eventually the gold-coated bonding wire 1 decreases.
- the content of the additive element is preferably in the range of 1 mass ppm or more and 3 mass% or less with respect to the total amount of the wire 1.
- the content of the additive element in the silver alloy constituting the core material 2 is less than 1 mass ppm with respect to the total amount of the wire 1, the reliability of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 and the effect of suppressing self-annealing of the core material 2 and the like. May not be obtained sufficiently.
- the content of the additive element exceeds 3% by mass with respect to the total amount of the wire 1, the specific resistance of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 increases.
- the content of the additive element is preferably set so that the specific resistance of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is in the range of 2.3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the copper content in the copper alloy is preferably 98% by mass or more.
- the copper alloys constituting the core material 2 are phosphorus (P), gold (Au), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), silver (Ag), rhodium (Rh), indium (In), and the like. It preferably contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of gallium (Ga) and iron (Fe).
- the element added to the copper alloy constituting the core material 2 enhances the reliability (corrosion resistance) of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 and increases the Vickers hardness of the core material 2 to self-anneal (self-anneal). ) Has the effect of preventing.
- the wire becomes too soft, which not only makes the wire difficult to handle in the manufacturing process, but also makes it easy to get scratched by a slight impact.
- the content of the additive element is preferably in the range of 1 mass ppm or more and 2 mass% or less with respect to the total amount of the wire 1.
- the content of the additive element in the copper alloy constituting the core material 2 is less than 1 mass ppm with respect to the total amount of the wire 1, the reliability of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 and the effect of suppressing self-annealing of the core material 2 and the like. May not be obtained sufficiently.
- the content of the additive element exceeds 2% by mass with respect to the total amount of the wire 1, the specific resistance of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 increases.
- the content of the additive element is preferably set so that the specific resistance of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is in the range of 2.3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the compressive stress is preferably 290 MPa or more and 440 MPa or less.
- the compressive stress is preferably 440 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment has a coating layer 3 provided on the surface of the core material 2 containing silver or copper as a main component.
- the coating layer 3 contains gold as a main component.
- the inclusion of gold as a main component means that the coating layer 3 contains 50% by mass or more of gold.
- the coating layer 3 containing gold as a main component improves the corrosion resistance of the wire, and comprises aluminum (Al) and an aluminum alloy (Al alloy) constituting the electrodes of the semiconductor chip, and gold (Au) and gold constituting the electrodes of the circuit board.
- the coating layer 3 may be composed of pure gold (gold content of 99.9% or more), or may be composed of a gold alloy in which an additive element is added to gold.
- the gold alloy constituting the coating layer 3 contains at least one element selected from the group consisting of antimony (Sb), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and bismuth (Bi). It is preferable to include it.
- the element added to the gold alloy constituting the coating layer 3 is effective in improving the bonding reliability with the aluminum (Al) constituting the semiconductor chip electrode of the gold coating layer 3.
- the film thickness of the gold coating layer 3 is preferably 5 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the wedge bondability of the gold coating layer 3 to the aluminum electrode, the gold electrode, the silver-plated electrode and the like can be sufficiently enhanced. If the film thickness of the gold-coated layer 3 exceeds 200 nm, the manufacturing cost of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 increases, which is not preferable. As described above, since the product of the present invention may also be used for ball bonding, if the gold coating layer exceeds 200 nm, ball formability such as FAB eccentricity may decrease.
- the film thickness of the gold coating layer 3 is preferably more than 20 nm, more preferably 50 nm or more, and more preferably 150 nm or less.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment may have an intermediate metal layer 4 provided between the core material 2 and the coating layer 3, as shown in FIGS. 3 and 4. .
- the intermediate metal layer 4 contains one metal selected from palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), and nickel (Ni) as a main component.
- the intermediate metal layer 4 may be composed of pure palladium, pure platinum, or pure nickel, or may be composed of an alloy containing two or more of these. Further, the intermediate metal layer 4 may be composed of a palladium alloy, a platinum alloy, or a nickel alloy containing one metal selected from palladium, platinum, and nickel as a main component and adding an additive element to them.
- the intermediate metal layer 4 preferably has a thickness of 60 nm or less. If the thickness of the intermediate metal layer 4 exceeds 60 nm, the original characteristics such as ball formability of the FAB of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 may be impaired.
- the thickness of the intermediate metal layer 4 is preferably 1 nm or more in order to sufficiently obtain the effect of suppressing the above-mentioned copper and silver from being exposed on the wire surface.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment is not limited to the one composed of only the core material 2 and the coating layer 3 described above, or the core material 2, the coating layer 3, and the intermediate metal layer 4.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment may have a structure other than these, for example, a three-layer coating, a four-layer coating, or the like, if necessary.
- the compressive stress of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 shall be measured as follows. That is, the gold-coated bonding wire 1 is cut into a length of several centimeters so that tension is not applied, and a wire sample is prepared. Place the wire sample sideways on a flat sample table of a compression tester (for example, a microcompression tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model number MCT-W-500), taking care not to stretch or sag the wire sample. Next, as the setting of the apparatus, the sample shape is selected to be circular, the indenter size is ⁇ 200 ⁇ m, the amount of deformation in the cross-sectional direction of the wire is 60% of the wire diameter, and the maximum load according to the wire diameter is set. For example, when the maximum load is set to a wire diameter of ⁇ 20 ⁇ m, 3.5 N is a guide.
- a compression tester for example, a microcompression tester manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, model number MCT-W-500
- the compressive stress value is calculated automatically by the device, and there is no problem using that value.
- the value obtained by dividing the force applied when the wire diameter is compressed by 60% by the cross-sectional area where the wire is crushed is used.
- how to obtain the cross-sectional area will be described.
- the horizontal length of the cross section is the diameter of the indenter, and the vertical length is as close as possible to half the circumferential length of the wire. Therefore, since the cross-sectional area of the wire is obtained as horizontal ⁇ vertical, it is the diameter of the indenter ⁇ (pi ⁇ diameter / 2).
- Wire compressive stress (MPa) force applied at 60% deformation with respect to wire diameter (N) / ((pi x wire diameter (mm) / 2) x indenter diameter (mm))
- the wire after the test is collected and the shape of the indentation is observed using a scanning electron microscope. As shown in FIG. 5 (attached SEM image), it is confirmed that the indentation state is ⁇ 20% of the indenter diameter and the collapse width is symmetrical with respect to the wire longitudinal direction. If these conditions are not met, the measured value may not be accurate, so remeasurement is performed.
- the measured value shall be the average value measured three times, and the unit shall be MPa.
- the output unit of the compression test device is kgf / mm 2
- the Vickers hardness in the cross section of the core material 2 shall be measured as follows. That is, the gold-coated bonding wire is cut out to a length of several centimeters, and a plurality of wire samples are prepared. Stick the wire sample straight and flat on a metal (Ag-plated frame) plate, taking care not to stretch or sag the wire sample. After that, the wire sample together with the metal plate is put into a cylindrical mold so that the metal plate is the bottom surface of the cylinder, the embedded resin is poured into the mold, and then a curing agent is added to cure the resin. .. Subsequently, the cured cylindrical resin containing the wire sample is roughly polished with a grinder so that the cross section of the wire is exposed.
- the cut surface is finished by final polishing, and then the residual strain of the polished surface is removed by ion milling to obtain a smooth surface.
- the ion milling device is finely adjusted so that the wire cutting surface is perpendicular to the wire longitudinal direction.
- a hardness tester (example: HM-220 manufactured by Mitutoyo) so that the cross section of the wire sample (that is, the polished surface of the sample) is parallel to the sample table, the test force is 0.001 kgf, and the load time is The Vickers hardness is measured near the center of the wire cross section under the conditions of 4.0 seconds, holding time 10.0 seconds, unloading time 4.0 seconds, and approach speed 60.0 um / sec. Five hardness measurements are carried out, and the average value is obtained.
- the content of the additive element with respect to the entire wire 1 when the core material 2 is made of a silver alloy or a copper alloy, the content of the additive element with respect to the entire wire 1, the content of the gold constituting the coating layer 3 with respect to the entire wire 1, and the coating layer 3
- the content of the additive element with respect to the entire wire 1 shall be measured as follows. That is, first, in order to calculate the gold content, the bonding wire 1 is put into dilute nitric acid, the core material 2 is dissolved, and then the solution is collected.
- ICP-AES Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Mission Spectroscopy
- ICP-MS Inductively Coupled Plasma
- the thickness of the coating layer 3 and the intermediate metal layer 4 shall be measured as follows. That is, the elemental composition is analyzed from the surface of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 in the depth direction by a scanning Auger Electron Spectroscopy (AES) analyzer (for example, manufactured by JEOL Ltd., trade name: JAMP-9500F).
- AES Auger Electron Spectroscopy
- the setting conditions of the AES analyzer are an acceleration voltage of the primary electron beam of 10 kV, a current of 50 nA, a beam diameter of 5 ⁇ m, an acceleration voltage of argon ion sputtering of 1 kV, and a sputtering rate of 2.5 nm / min (SiO 2 conversion).
- Analysis is performed from the surface of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 to a position where the detected concentration of the principal component of the core material is 50 atomic% or more in the depth direction, and the average concentration of gold with respect to the total of gold and silver or copper is obtained.
- the intermediate metal layer 4 is provided, the average concentrations of gold and element M with respect to the total of the main constituent element M and gold and silver or copper of the intermediate metal layer 4 are obtained, respectively.
- the coating layer 3 is defined as a region from the surface of the wire 1 to a portion where the ratio of gold to the total of silver or copper and gold described above is 50.0 atomic%, and the thickness of the region is defined as the coating layer. Obtained as the thickness of 3.
- the portion where the ratio of gold is 50.0 atomic% is defined as the boundary between the core material 2 and the coating layer 3.
- the intermediate metal layer 4 is formed from a portion where the ratio of gold is 50.0 atomic% to a portion where the ratio of element M is 50.0 atomic% with respect to the total of silver or copper, gold and element M described above. It is defined as a region, and the thickness of the region is obtained as the thickness of the intermediate metal layer 4.
- the method for manufacturing the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment is not particularly limited to the manufacturing method shown below.
- a wire material is produced by forming a layer containing gold as a main component on the surface of a wire rod containing silver or copper as a main component as a core material 2, and gold-coated bonding is performed. It is obtained by performing wire drawing to the wire diameter required for the wire 1 and then performing heat treatment or the like as necessary.
- the gold-coated bonding wire 1 having the intermediate metal layer 4 for example, a layer to be the intermediate metal layer 4 and a layer containing gold as a main component are sequentially formed on the surface of the silver or copper wire to be the core material 2. It is obtained by producing a wire material as described above, drawing a wire to the wire diameter required for the gold-coated bonding wire 1, and performing heat treatment or the like as necessary.
- silver or copper When silver or copper is used as the core material 2, silver or copper of a predetermined purity is dissolved, and when a silver alloy or a copper alloy is used, silver of a predetermined purity is dissolved together with an additive element, or a predetermined value is used.
- a silver core material or a copper core material is obtained by dissolving copper of the same purity together with an additive element.
- a heating furnace such as an arc heating furnace, a high frequency heating furnace, a resistance heating furnace, or a continuous casting furnace is used for melting.
- the melted core material is solidified by continuous casting from a heating furnace so as to have a predetermined wire diameter, or the melted core material is cast into a mold to make an ingot, and the ingot is roll-rolled. If necessary, heat treatment is performed to obtain a silver wire or a copper wire (including a silver alloy wire and a copper alloy wire) by drawing the wire to a predetermined wire diameter.
- a plating method (wet method) or a vapor deposition method (dry method) is used.
- the plating method may be either an electrolytic plating method or an electroless plating method.
- electrolytic plating such as strike plating and flash plating, the plating speed is high, and when applied to gold plating, good adhesion of the gold layer to the silver wire or copper wire can be obtained.
- the gold plating solution or the constituent elements of the intermediate metal layer 4 are plated.
- a plating solution containing a plating additive containing an additive element in the solution is used.
- the amount of added elements in the coating layer 3 and the intermediate metal layer 4 can be adjusted by adjusting the type and amount of the plating additive.
- PVD physical vapor deposition
- CVD chemical vapor deposition
- thermal CVD plasma CVD
- MOCVD metalorganic vapor deposition
- a tubular pipe is formed from a material to be coated in advance and a core material is inserted therein.
- the processing rate of wire drawing is determined according to the final wire diameter and application of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 to be manufactured. Generally, the processing rate of wire drawing is preferably 90% or more as the processing rate until the coated silver wire or copper wire is processed to the final wire diameter. This processing rate can be calculated as the reduction rate of the wire cross-sectional area. It is preferable that the wire drawing process is performed by using a plurality of diamond dies so as to gradually reduce the wire diameter. In this case, the surface reduction rate (processing rate) per diamond die is preferably 5% or more and 15% or less.
- the final heat treatment is performed in consideration of the strain removing heat treatment for removing the strain of the metal structure remaining inside the wire 1 and the required wire characteristics in the final wire diameter.
- the strain removing heat treatment preferably determines the temperature and time in consideration of the required wire characteristics, particularly the compressive stress of the wire 1.
- heat treatment may be performed according to the purpose at any stage of wire production. Examples of such a heat treatment include a strain removing heat treatment in the wire drawing process, a diffusion heat treatment for improving the adhesion after forming the constituent material layer of the gold layer and the intermediate metal layer 4.
- the adhesion between the core material 2 and the coating layer 3 can be improved.
- a run-run heat treatment in which a wire is passed through a heating atmosphere heated to a predetermined temperature to perform the heat treatment is preferable because the heat treatment conditions can be easily adjusted.
- the heat treatment time can be calculated from the passing speed of the wire and the passing distance of the wire in the heating device.
- An electric furnace or the like is used as the heating device.
- a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less can be obtained by appropriately controlling the manufacturing conditions such as heat treatment conditions according to the thickness, the wire diameter of the bonding wire 1, and the like.
- the core material 2 is preferably made of a silver alloy or a copper alloy, and the compressive stress tends to increase as the amount of added elements in the silver alloy or the copper alloy increases. Further, the thicker the coating layer 3, the lower the compressive stress tends to be. Further, the core material 2 using a copper alloy tends to have a higher compressive stress than the core material 2 using a silver alloy.
- the heat treatment is preferably carried out in both the intermediate and final stages.
- the intermediate heat treatment the higher the temperature, the lower the compressive stress tends to be.
- the intermediate heat treatment temperature is set to 400 ° C. or higher and 600 ° C. or lower, and the heat treatment time is 0.2 seconds or longer and 20. It is preferably less than a second.
- the intermediate heat treatment temperature When a material showing a tendency of low compressive stress is used as a constituent material, it is preferable to set the intermediate heat treatment temperature to 200 ° C. or higher and lower than 400 ° C., and the heat treatment time to 0.2 seconds or longer and 20 seconds or shorter. .. Further, when a material showing a tendency of high compressive stress is used as a constituent material, the final heat treatment temperature should be set to 350 ° C. or higher and 650 ° C. or lower, and the heat treatment time should be 0.01 seconds or longer and 5 seconds or lower. Is preferable. When a material showing a tendency of low compressive stress is used as a constituent material, it is preferable to set the final heat treatment temperature to 150 ° C. or higher and 350 ° C. or lower, and the heat treatment time to 0.01 seconds or longer and 5 seconds or lower. ..
- the compressive stress may be affected by the structure of the heat treatment apparatus and the type and amount of additive elements in the core material.
- the elongation rate In the case of a wire whose constituent material is a core material containing copper as a main component, it is preferable to adjust the elongation rate to 5.0% or more and 20.0% or less, and 8.0% or more and 20.0% or less. More preferred.
- the elongation rate In the case of a wire whose constituent material is a core material containing silver as a main component, it is preferable to adjust the elongation rate to 1.5% or more and 15.0% or less, and 2.0% or more and 11.0% or less. More preferred.
- the elongation rate shall be the value obtained by the tensile test of the bonding wire.
- the elongation rate can be measured according to JIS-Z2241 or JIS-Z2201.
- a tensile test device for example, Autocom manufactured by TSE Co., Ltd.
- the ratio of the extension length when a break occurs. Calculated.
- the final heat treatment conditions should be adjusted while measuring the compressive stress so that the final product falls within the target compressive stress range, but here, from the viewpoint of simplifying the manufacturing work. Therefore, the elongation rate of the wire, which is easy to measure, is used as a rough guide for the compressive stress. As a matter of course, controlling the elongation rate does not necessarily mean that the compression stress is within the target compressive stress range.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view showing a stage before resin-sealing the semiconductor device of the embodiment
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view of the semiconductor device of the embodiment resin-sealed
- FIG. 8 is a semiconductor chip in the semiconductor device of the embodiment. It is sectional drawing which shows the wedge bonding part of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 bonded to the electrode of. 11 and 12 are cross-sectional views showing a modified example of the semiconductor device of the embodiment, respectively.
- the semiconductor device 10 semiconductor device 10X before resin sealing
- the semiconductor device 10X is arranged on the circuit board 12 having the electrode (board electrode) 11 and the circuit board 12.
- the plurality of semiconductor chips 14 each having at least one electrode (chip electrode) 13, the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12, the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14, and the electrode 13 of the plurality of semiconductor chips 14. It is provided with a bonding wire 15 (gold-coated bonding wire 1) for connecting the above.
- a printed wiring board, a ceramic circuit board, or the like in which a wiring network is provided on the surface or inside of an insulating base material such as a resin material or a ceramic material, and an electrode connected to the wiring network is provided on the surface. Be done.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a semiconductor device 10 in which a plurality of semiconductor chips 14 are mounted on a circuit board 12, the configuration of the semiconductor device 10 is not limited to this.
- the semiconductor chip may be mounted on a lead frame, in which case the electrodes of the semiconductor chip are connected to an inner lead that functions as an internal terminal (electrode) of the lead frame via a bonding wire 15.
- the number of the semiconductor chip 14 mounted on the circuit board 12 or the lead frame may be one or a plurality.
- the bonding wire 15 is applied to at least one connection between the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 and the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14, the electrode of the lead frame and the semiconductor chip, and the electrode 13 of the plurality of semiconductor chips 14, and these connections ( Wedge-bonded to at least one of the two electrodes).
- a plurality of semiconductor chips 14 are stacked and mounted on a circuit board 12 or a lead frame in a stepped manner, one is provided between the plurality of semiconductor chips 14 and between the semiconductor chips 14 and the circuit board 2. It is also possible to continuously connect by wedge bonding by CWB with the bonding wire 15 of the above.
- the semiconductor chips 14A and 14C are mounted in the chip mounting region of the circuit board 12 via the die bonding material 16.
- the semiconductor chip 14B is mounted on the semiconductor chip 14A via a die bonding material 16.
- One electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14A is connected to the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 via the bonding wire 15, and the other electrode 13 is connected to the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14B via the bonding wire 15.
- the other electrode 13 is connected to the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14C via a bonding wire 15.
- the other electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14B is connected to the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 via the bonding wire 15.
- the other electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14C is connected to the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 via the bonding wire 15.
- the semiconductor chip 14 includes an integrated circuit (IC) made of a silicon (Si) semiconductor, a compound semiconductor, or the like.
- the chip electrode 13 is made of, for example, an aluminum electrode having an aluminum (Al) layer and an aluminum alloy layer such as AlSiCu or AlCu on the outermost surface.
- the aluminum electrode is formed by, for example, coating the surface of a silicon (Si) substrate with an electrode material such as Al or an Al alloy so as to electrically connect to the internal wiring.
- the semiconductor chip 14 performs data communication with an external device via the substrate electrode 11 and the bonding wire 15, and is supplied with electric power from the external device.
- the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 is electrically connected to the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14 mounted on the circuit board 12 via a bonding wire 15.
- the bonding wire 15 is composed of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the above-described embodiment.
- one end thereof is ball-bonded (first bonding) to the chip electrode 13, and the other end is wedge-bonded (second bonding) to the substrate electrode 11.
- the ball bonding and the wedge bonding may be opposite, and the ball bonding (first bonding) may be performed on the substrate electrode 11 and the wedge bonding (second bonding) may be performed on the chip electrode 13.
- the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14 electrically bonded by the bonding wire 15 includes a bump (not shown) previously bonded to the electrode of the semiconductor chip 14.
- one end of the bonding wire 15 is melted by discharge or the like, and the FAB is formed into a spherical shape by surface tension or the like to form an FAB, and the FAB is ball-bonded to the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14.
- the bonding tool capillary
- the bonding tool is pulled up to form a loop, and in a state where the bonding wire 15 is pressed against the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12, ultrasonic waves and a load are applied to perform wedge bonding.
- FIG. 8 by forming the wedge bonding portion 17 on the substrate electrode 11 and then tearing off the bonding wire 15, the connection at one location is completed.
- the semiconductor device 10 is manufactured by forming the sealing resin layer 18 on the circuit base material 12 so that the plurality of semiconductor chips 14 and the bonding wires 15 are resin-sealed.
- semiconductor devices include logic ICs, analog ICs, discrete semiconductors, memories, optical semiconductors, and the like.
- the bonding wire 15 is used as the electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 or the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14, particularly. Even if the chip electrode 13 is not suitable for bonding, for example, it is placed in a positional condition such as no support, it can be wedge-bonded well under a wide range of ultrasonic conditions and load conditions, so that the semiconductor chip 14 is damaged. A stable wedge bonding strength can be obtained without giving. Further, since the wedge width can be controlled in an appropriate range, it is possible to suppress a short circuit between the electrodes having a narrow pitch. These make it possible to provide a semiconductor device in which the electrodes of the bonding wire 15 and the connection reliability between the electrodes are improved.
- the semiconductor device 1 shown in FIG. 11 has four semiconductor chips 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D stacked in multiple stages on the circuit board 12. These semiconductor chips 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D are laminated in a stepped manner so that their respective electrodes 13 are exposed.
- the electrodes 13 of the semiconductor chips 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D and the electrodes 11 of the circuit board 12 are continuously connected by one bonding wire 15. That is, the four electrodes 13 and the substrate electrode 11 are connected by one bonding wire 15 by CWB.
- the arrow indicates the bonding direction.
- the bonding wire 15 held by the bonding tool is first wedge-bonded to the electrode 13 of the uppermost semiconductor chip 14D.
- the bonding wire 15 is moved onto the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14C and wedge-bonded while pulling up the bonding tool (capillary) to form a loop without tearing the bonding wire 15.
- the bonding wire 15 is wedge-bonded to the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14B and the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14A in order.
- the bonding wires 15 are wedge-bonded to the electrodes 13 of the semiconductor chips 14D, 14C, 14B, and 14A in order, the bonding wires 15 are wedge-bonded to the electrodes 11 of the circuit board 12 in the same manner, and then the bonding wires 15 are torn off. In this way, the electrodes 13 of the semiconductor chips 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D and the electrodes 11 of the circuit board 12 are continuously connected by one bonding wire 15 without tearing the bonding wire 15 in the middle.
- the wedge bondability of the bonding wire 15 is important. With respect to such a point, since the gold-coated bonding wire 1 having a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less is used as the bonding wire 15, the bondability to the electrodes 13 and 11 in continuous wedge bonding can be improved. .. Therefore, wedge bonding can be performed satisfactorily with respect to the chip electrode 13 under a wide range of bonding conditions without damaging the semiconductor chip 14. Therefore, the productivity and reliability of the semiconductor device 10 to which the CWB is applied can be improved.
- Wire bonding to which CWB is applied is not limited to the structure shown in FIG.
- the bonding wire 15 is ball-bonded to the substrate electrode 11 of the circuit board 12 in the lowermost stage to form a ball bonding portion 19, and the bonding wire 15 is formed without tearing the bonding wire 15. May be wedge-bonded to the electrodes 13 of the semiconductor chips 14A, 14B, 14C, and 14D in this order, and then the bonding wire 15 may be torn off. Even in the semiconductor device 10 to which the CWB is applied, the continuous wedge bondability can be improved based on the effect of improving the wedge bondability of the bonding wire 15, and the productivity of the semiconductor device 10 to which the CWB is applied can be improved. It becomes possible to improve the reliability.
- the arrow indicates the bonding direction.
- the semiconductor device 10 of the embodiment when connecting the two electrodes with the bonding wire 15, it is sufficient that the semiconductor device 10 is wedge-bonded to at least one electrode, whereby the wedge bonding property of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment is improved. It is possible to exert the effect, the effect of improving the bonding strength and the bonding reliability of the wedge bonding based on the effect, and the like. However, in order to more effectively exert the effect of improving the wedge bondability of the gold-coated bonding wire 1 of the embodiment, at least one of the two electrodes connected by the bonding wire 15 is the electrode 13 of the semiconductor chip 14. Is preferable, and it is preferable that the semiconductor device 10 is wedge-bonded to such a chip electrode 13.
- the semiconductor device 10 of the embodiment is suitable for a semiconductor device in which wire bonding is performed by applying CWB, as shown in FIGS. 11 and 12, and in such a case, good wedge bondability and good wedge bondability thereof are obtained. Based on this, good bonding strength and bonding reliability can be exhibited more effectively.
- Examples 16 to 19, 21, and 31 to 36 the intermediate layer shown in Table 1 was formed by the same electrolytic plating method before forming the gold coating layer.
- Examples 1 to 19 have an intermediate wire diameter of ⁇ 38 ⁇ m to 100 ⁇ m
- Examples 22 to 36 have an intermediate wire drawing process of ⁇ 50 ⁇ m to 200 ⁇ m, and are fed at the intermediate heat treatment temperature (set temperature of the electric furnace) shown in Table 1.
- the heat treatment was performed at a linear velocity of 0.20 to 1.00 m / sec.
- the heat treatment takes about 0.5 to 3 seconds in terms of time.
- each wire was drawn to the final wire diameter shown in Table 1, and the final heat treatment was performed by adjusting the heat treatment temperature and the wire transmission speed aiming at the elongation rate shown in Table 1. In this way, the gold-coated bonding wires of Examples 1 to 34 were produced.
- the joining energy depends on the crushing rate of the wire.
- the bonding energy is divided into three levels according to the crushing rate with respect to the wire diameter ((crushed wire thickness / wire diameter before crushing) ⁇ 100) (%). That is, a wire crushing rate of 47% or more and 53% or less is defined as low bonding energy, 57% or more and 63% or less is defined as medium bonding energy, and 67% or more and 73% or less is defined as high bonding energy.
- the wedge bonding to the electrode of the circuit board has a solid support, and the bonding environment is not so different from that of the chip electrode. Therefore, here, the wedge bondability was evaluated under the condition of only high bonding energy. On the other hand, since the chip electrode is likely to be forced into various bonding environments, the wedge bonding property was evaluated under the conditions of three levels of bonding energy of low, medium, and high.
- the chips used in Table 1 have lower adhesion of Al electrodes than general-purpose chips. It was adopted.
- the cross-sectional structure of this chip has an insulating film (SiO 2 film) on a Si substrate, and an Al film is formed on the SiO 2 film.
- the cross-sectional structure of the general-purpose chip has an insulating film (TEOS: tetraethoxysilane) on the Si substrate, and a TiN layer is provided between the insulating film and the Al electrode to improve the adhesion of the Al electrode.
- TEOS tetraethoxysilane
- the situation and conditions are such that chip damage or chip electrode (pad) damage (a phenomenon in which the Al electrode is peeled off from the chip during looping operation after wedge bonding) is likely to occur.
- the electrode thickness was 0.8 ⁇ m, and the electrode material was Al-0.5% Cu or Al-1% Si-0.5% Cu.
- the capillary shape for the wedge bond is H diameter: 1.2 to 1.3 times the wire diameter, CD diameter: 1.5 to 1.8 times the wire diameter, T: 3.5 to the wire diameter. 3.8 times, FA: 0 °, OR diameter: 4 to 12 ⁇ m, surface finish Matte specifications were used. If the device did not stop due to problems such as non-adhesion of the wedge joint, peeling of the Al film, and broken wire, the continuous bondability of the wedge joint at each bonding energy was considered to be good and marked with " ⁇ ". When the number of stops of the device is less than 5 times due to a defect in the wedge joint at each joint energy, it is described as " ⁇ " because it can be improved in the mass production process. When the number of stops of the device is 5 or more, the wedge bondability at the bonding energy is considered to be poor and is indicated by "x".
- Chip damage evaluation In this evaluation, a device in which the chip was mounted on an Ag-plated lead frame was used, and 64 pieces (16 pieces / cycle x 4 sets) were continuously bonded onto the chip by the CWB method.
- the wedge bonding conditions three levels of low bonding energy, medium bonding energy, and high bonding energy
- the wedge bonding conditions are divided into three bonding energy levels in units of five per cycle (similar to the above, first. Since the first of these is ball bonding, the total number of wedge bonding points is 15.)
- There are 20 wires bonded at each level per chip (20 wedges bonded 5 wires x 4 sets). The same capillary as in paragraph [0995] was used for the wedge bondig.
- the gold-coated bonding wires of Examples 1 to 36 having a compressive stress of 290 MPa or more and 590 MPa or less are all excellent in wedge bondability on the substrate electrode and the chip electrode.
- the continuous bondability, pull test, and chip damage evaluation are all good even under the wedge bonding condition where the bonding energy is mixed at three levels of low, medium, and high, and CWB.
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Abstract
Description
なお、圧縮応力は圧縮試験機において自動計算される値を用いてもよい。圧子直径とは圧縮試験機についている圧子の直径のことである。円周率は3.14を用いる。
実施形態の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ1は、図1及び図2に示すように、銀(Ag)又は銅(Cu)を主成分とする芯材2と、芯材2の表面に設けられ、金(Au)を主成分として含む被覆層3とを有する。実施形態の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ1は、図3及び図4に示すように、さらに芯材2と被覆層3との間に設けられた中間金属層4を有していてもよい。中間金属層4は、パラジウム(Pd)、白金(Pt)、及びニッケル(Ni)から選ばれる1つの金属を主成分とする。
する際のワイヤの変形量、電極への接合性等に影響を及ぼす。このような点に対して、290MPa以上590MPa以下の圧縮応力を有する金被覆ボンディングワイヤ1を用いることによって、ウェッジ接合時に半導体チップ等に損傷を与えることなく、安定なウェッジ接合性やウェッジ接合強度を得ることができる。これによって、特に多段に積層された半導体チップの電極間をCWBにより1本のボンディングワイヤで個々の接合箇所によって条件の異なる接続エネルギーで連続接続する際に、チップ損傷を生じさせることなく、十分なウェッジ接合強度を得ることが可能になる。
次に、実施形態の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ1を用いた半導体装置について、図6ないし図8、図11、及び図12を参照して説明する。なお、図6は実施形態の半導体装置の樹脂封止する前の段階を示す断面図、図7は実施形態の半導体装置の樹脂封止した断面図、図8は実施形態の半導体装置における半導体チップの電極に接合された金被覆ボンディングワイヤ1のウェッジ接合部を示す断面図である。図11及び図12はそれぞれ実施形態の半導体装置の変形例を示す断面図である。
表1に示す芯材を用意し、連続伸線にて中間線径0.2~0.5mmまで加工した後、金電解めっき浴中に芯材を連続的に送線しながら浸漬させ、電流密度0.15~2.00A/dm2の電流にて金被覆層を形成した。
比較例について説明する。圧縮応力が本発明の範囲外となるボンディングワイヤを比較例1~6、11~18に示し、金以外の被覆層を形成するボンディングワイヤを比較例10、19、20に示す。また、被覆層を形成しないボンディングワイヤを比較例7~9に示した。以上を変更した以外は、基本的に実施例と同様の製造方法で比較例1~20のボンディングワイヤを作製した。実施例と同様これらボンディングワイヤの圧縮応力及び芯材断面のビッカース硬さを前述した方法で測定し、結果を表1に示した。このようにして得たボンディングワイヤを後述する特性評価に供した。
上記にて作製した試料のウェッジ接合評価について説明する。ウェッジ接合する相手は回路基板上の電極とチップ電極の2種類がある。詳細は後述するが、評価項目として連続ボンディングしたときに不具合が発生しないかどうか(連続ボンディング性)、ボンディングがきちんと接合されているかどうか(接合強度)、チップが損傷していないかどうか、の3つの評価を行う。評価結果を表1及び表2に示す。ただし、チップ損傷評価に関してはデリケートで壊れやすいチップ電極のみとした。
前述した通り、特に多段積層したチップの電極にボンディングワイヤをウェッジ接合する時には、接合する位置やロケーション等によって、チップ割れを起こさずに、しっかりと接合させなければならないため、様々に異なる広範囲の接合条件が求められる。ワイヤの適応性をはかる指標として、接合エネルギーが評価方法として適しており、接合エネルギーの条件を広範囲に振っても、問題なく上記した3つの評価項目に合格できるかどうかを確認する。
基板電極上へのウェッジ接合性については、チップ電極と基板電極(リードフレーム)との連続ワイヤボンディングにて評価した。ウェッジ接合条件は、前述した高接合条件にて、Agめっきリードフレームに対し36サイクル×2セットの合計72箇所ウェッジ接合した。ここでの1サイクルとはチップ電極上のボールボンディングからフレーム上へのウェッジ接合およびワイヤの引きちぎりまでをいい、このサイクルを36回連続して2セット行った。合計72回接合したうち、ウェッジ接合部の不着やワイヤ切れ等の不具合によって装置が停止しなかった場合は、連続ボンディング性が良好であるため「◎」と表記した。ウェッジ接合部の不具合による装置の停止回数が2回未満の場合は、量産工程で改善可能であるとして「○」と表記した。前記装置の停止回数が2回以上の場合は不良とみなし「×」と表記した。
前記ワイヤボンディングでウェッジ接合した試料をボンドテスター(一例:デイジ社製、ボンドテスター4000型)を用いて、試料のウェッジ接合近傍にフックを掛けてプルテストを、前記の条件で行った試料の中から20ワイヤを無作為抽出にて実施し、リフト(破断モードの中のひとつ)の有無を確認した。ボンドテスターの設定条件はロードセルWP100、測定レンジ50%、テスト速度250μm/minとした。プルテストの破断モードにおいて、接合部のワイヤが基板から剥がれてしまうリフトの発生がない場合は良好ということで「◎」と表記した。リフトの発生数が3本未満の場合は量産工程で改善可能であるとし「○」と表記した。リフトの発生数が3本以上の場合は不良とし「×」と表記した。また、プル強度2gf未満が1本でも発生した場合においても不良とし「×」と表記した。
本評価はAgめっきリードフレームに前記チップを搭載したデバイスを用いた。前記チップ上にCWB方式を用いて、360本(10本/サイクル×36サイクル)の連続ウェッジボンディングを実施した。1サイクルには前記ウェッジ接合条件(低接合エネルギー、中接合エネルギー、高接合エネルギーの3水準)を設けており、1サイクルあたり3本/ウェッジ接合条件×3水準のウェッジ接合を有する(最初の1本目のボンディングはボールボンディングで行っているため、ウェッジボンディング箇所は1サイクルで9本となる。)。従って、1チップあたりに各水準で接合されたワイヤは108本(ウェッジ接合数108ボンド=3本×36サイクル)となる。ウェッジボンディグ用のキャピラリ形状はH径:ワイヤ線径の1.2~1.3倍、CD径:ワイヤ線径の1.5~1.8倍、T:ワイヤ線径の3.5~3.8倍、FA:0°、OR径:4~12μm、表面仕上げMatte仕様を使用した。ウェッジ接合部の不着、Al膜の剥がれ、ワイヤ切れ等の不具合によって装置が停止しなかった場合は、各接合エネルギーでのウェッジ接合の連続ボンディング性が良好であるとし「◎」と表記した。各接合エネルギーでウェッジ接合部の不具合による装置の停止回数が5回未満の場合は、量産工程で改善可能であるとし「○」と表記した。前記装置の停止回数は5回以上の場合は当該接合エネルギーでのウェッジ接合性が不良であるとし「×」と表記した。
前記チップ上のウェッジ接合で作製した試料をボンドテスター(一例:デイジ社製、ボンドテスター4000型)にて、試料にフックを掛けて引っ張るプルテストを、接合エネルギー条件毎に108本の中から無作為に抽出した20ワイヤを実施し、破断モードを確認した。ボンドテスターの設定条件はロードセルWP100、測定レンジ50%、テスト速度250μm/minとした。プルテストの破断モードにおいて、接合部のワイヤがチップ電極から剥がれてしまうリフトの発生がない場合は、当該接合エネルギーでのウェッジ接合強度が良好であるとし「◎」と表記した。リフトの発生数が3本未満の場合は、量産工程での改善可能であるため「○」と表記した。リフトの発生数が3本以上の場合は、当該接合エネルギーでのウェッジ接合強度が不良であるとし「×」と表記した。
本評価はAgめっきリードフレームに前記チップを搭載したデバイスを用い、前記チップ上にCWB方式にて、64本(16本/サイクル×4セット)の連続ボンディングを実施した。1サイクルには前記ウェッジ接合条件(低接合エネルギー、中接合エネルギー、高接合エネルギーの3水準)を設けており、1サイクルにつき5本単位で3つの接合エネルギー水準に振り分けた(前記と同様に最初の1本目はボールボンディングで行っているため、ウェッジボンディング箇所の合計は15本となる。)。1チップあたりに各水準で接合されたワイヤが20本(ウェッジ接合数20ボンド=5本×4セット)となる。ウェッジボンディグ用のキャピラリは段落[0095]と同じものを使用した。
Claims (15)
- 銀又は銅を主成分として含む芯材と、
前記芯材の表面に設けられ、金を主成分として含む被覆層とを有する金被覆ボンディングワイヤであって、
前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤは、被複層の膜厚が5nm以上200nm以下であり、かつ線径に対して60%変形させたときの圧縮応力が290MPa以上590MPa以下である、金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。 - 前記芯材の断面におけるビッカース硬さ(Hv)が40以上80以下である、請求項1に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記芯材は97質量%以上の銀を含む銀合金からなり、かつ前記ワイヤの全体量に対して、1質量ppm以上3質量%以下の範囲で銅、カルシウム、リン、金、パラジウム、白金、ニッケル、ロジウム、インジウム、及び鉄からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記芯材は98質量%以上の銅を含む銅合金からなり、かつ前記ワイヤの全体量に対して、リン、金、パラジウム、白金、ニッケル、銀、ロジウム、インジウム、ガリウム、及び鉄からなる群より選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属を1質量ppm以上2質量%以下の範囲で含む、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤの線径が13μm以上35μm以下である、請求項1ないし請求項4のいずれか1項に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- さらに、前記芯材と前記被覆層との間に設けられた中間金属層を有し、前記中間金属層はパラジウム、白金、及びニッケルからなる群より選ばれる1つの金属を主成分とする、請求項1ないし請求項5のいずれか1項に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- 前記中間金属層は60nm以下の厚さを有する、請求項6に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- 半導体メモリ用である、請求項1ないし請求項7のいずれか1項に記載の金被覆ボンディングワイヤ。
- 銀又は銅を主成分として含む芯材と、
前記芯材の表面に設けられ、金を主成分として含む被覆層とを有する金被覆ボンディングワイヤの製造方法であって、
前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤの膜厚を5nm以上200nm以下とし、かつ圧縮応力を290MPa以上590MPa以下とする、金被覆ボンディングワイヤの製造方法。 - 銀又は銅を主成分として含む芯材と金を主成分とする被覆層とを有する金被覆ボンディングワイヤと、半導体チップの電極と、前記ワイヤと前記電極とが接合されたウェッジ接合部と、を有する半導体ワイヤ接合構造であって、
前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤは、被覆層の膜厚が5nm以上200nm以下であり、かつワイヤ線径に対して60%変形させたときの圧縮応力が290MPa以上590MPa以下である、半導体ワイヤ接合構造。 - 2個以上の前記半導体チップと、前記2個の半導体チップの電極と前記ワイヤとが順に接続された2個以上の前記ウェッジ接合部とを有する、請求項10に記載の半導体ワイヤ接合構造。
- 半導体メモリ用である、請求項9又は請求項10に記載の半導体ワイヤ接合構造。
- 少なくとも1つの第1電極を有する1つ又は複数の半導体チップと、
少なくとも1つの第2電極を有するリードフレーム及び回路基板から選ばれる回路基材と、
前記半導体チップの第1電極と前記回路基材の第2電極との間、及び前記複数の半導体チップの第1電極間から選ばれる少なくとも1つを電気的に接続する金被覆ボンディングワイヤと、
前記第1電極又は前記第2電極と前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤとが接合されたウエッジ接合部とを具備する半導体装置であって、
前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤは、銀又は銅を主成分として含む芯材と、前記芯材の表面に設けられ、膜厚が5nm以上200nm以下であり、金を主成分として含む被覆層とを有し、
前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤのワイヤ線径に対して60%変形させたときの圧縮応力が290MPa以上590MPa以下である、半導体装置。 - 少なくとも1つの前記第1電極をそれぞれ有する複数の前記半導体チップを具備し、
前記複数の半導体チップは前記第1電極が露出するように積層されており、
前記金被覆ボンディングワイヤで前記複数の半導体チップの前記第1電極を順に接続する2個以上の前記ウェッジ接合部を有する、請求項13に記載の半導体装置。 - 半導体メモリ用である、請求項13又は請求項14に記載の半導体装置。
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| WO2025134698A1 (ja) * | 2023-12-18 | 2025-06-26 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | 銀合金線及びこれを用いた導電線、接合用線、半導体用線並びに構造用線 |
| JP7723875B1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-08-14 | タツタ電線株式会社 | ボンディングワイヤ |
| KR20250140505A (ko) | 2023-01-31 | 2025-09-25 | 타츠타 전선 주식회사 | 본딩 와이어 |
| WO2025205950A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-02 | タツタ電線株式会社 | ボンディングワイヤ |
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| JP2003133361A (ja) * | 2001-10-23 | 2003-05-09 | Sumiden Magnet Wire Kk | ボンディングワイヤー |
| JP2013258324A (ja) * | 2012-06-13 | 2013-12-26 | Tanaka Electronics Ind Co Ltd | 半導体装置接続用アルミニウム合金細線 |
| WO2016135993A1 (ja) * | 2015-02-26 | 2016-09-01 | 日鉄住金マイクロメタル株式会社 | 半導体装置用ボンディングワイヤ |
| JP2019504472A (ja) * | 2015-11-23 | 2019-02-14 | ヘレウス ドイチェラント ゲーエムベーハー ウント カンパニー カーゲー | 被覆ワイヤ |
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| KR20250140505A (ko) | 2023-01-31 | 2025-09-25 | 타츠타 전선 주식회사 | 본딩 와이어 |
| WO2025134698A1 (ja) * | 2023-12-18 | 2025-06-26 | 田中電子工業株式会社 | 銀合金線及びこれを用いた導電線、接合用線、半導体用線並びに構造用線 |
| TWI880667B (zh) * | 2024-03-08 | 2025-04-11 | 力成科技股份有限公司 | 堆疊式半導體封裝的打線結構及其打線方法 |
| JP7723875B1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-08-14 | タツタ電線株式会社 | ボンディングワイヤ |
| WO2025205950A1 (ja) * | 2024-03-28 | 2025-10-02 | タツタ電線株式会社 | ボンディングワイヤ |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| TWI817015B (zh) | 2023-10-01 |
| TW202139306A (zh) | 2021-10-16 |
| KR102754476B1 (ko) | 2025-01-22 |
| CN115398607A (zh) | 2022-11-25 |
| KR20220150940A (ko) | 2022-11-11 |
| JPWO2021205674A1 (ja) | 2021-10-14 |
| JP7383798B2 (ja) | 2023-11-20 |
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