WO2021085606A1 - コンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム - Google Patents
コンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2021085606A1 WO2021085606A1 PCT/JP2020/040827 JP2020040827W WO2021085606A1 WO 2021085606 A1 WO2021085606 A1 WO 2021085606A1 JP 2020040827 W JP2020040827 W JP 2020040827W WO 2021085606 A1 WO2021085606 A1 WO 2021085606A1
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- polypropylene film
- free volume
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/02—Physical, chemical or physicochemical properties
- B32B7/025—Electric or magnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
- B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
- B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
- B32B15/085—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/32—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin comprising polyolefins
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
- B32B7/03—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features
- B32B7/035—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers with respect to the orientation of features using arrangements of stretched films, e.g. of mono-axially stretched films arranged alternately
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G4/00—Fixed capacitors; Processes of their manufacture
- H01G4/32—Wound capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
- B32B2307/514—Oriented
- B32B2307/518—Oriented bi-axially
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2323/00—Polyalkenes
- B32B2323/10—Polypropylene
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
- C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
- C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
- C08J2323/12—Polypropene
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a biaxially stretched polypropylene film used for capacitor applications.
- the biaxially stretched polypropylene film has excellent electrical characteristics such as withstand voltage and low dielectric loss characteristics, as well as high moisture resistance. Taking advantage of these characteristics, it is preferably used in electronic and electrical equipment as, for example, a high voltage capacitor, various switching power supplies, a filter capacitor such as a converter and an inverter, and a dielectric film for a capacitor such as a smoothing capacitor.
- polypropylene film has begun to be used as a capacitor for an inverter power supply device for controlling a drive motor of an electric vehicle, a hybrid vehicle, or the like, whose demand has been increasing in recent years.
- Patent Document 1 proposes a polypropylene film in which the crystallite size measured by wide-angle X-ray diffraction is controlled within a specific range. Since such a polypropylene film can reduce the rate of decrease in the insulation resistance value of the life test of the capacitor, it is suitable for producing a capacitor having reliability that can withstand long-term use.
- the conventional polypropylene film does not meet the recent capacitor demands in terms of withstand voltage, durability and reliability at high temperatures, for example, in an atmosphere of 120 ° C., and the withstand voltage and durability are still further improved.
- the development of a polypropylene film was desired. Therefore, in order to improve the withstand voltage, durability and reliability of the capacitor at high temperature, leakage current can be suppressed at high temperature (for example, in an atmosphere of 120 ° C.), the withstand voltage is excellent, and insulation defects are not present. There is an urgent need to develop a polypropylene film that can suppress the occurrence.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above, and even in a high temperature (for example, 120 ° C.) and high voltage environment, leakage current is suppressed, voltage resistance is excellent, and insulation defects are generated. It is an object of the present invention to provide a biaxially stretched polypropylene film for a capacitor to be suppressed and a capacitor.
- the present inventors have conducted extensive research to achieve the above object, and have focused on the characteristics of the amorphous region of polypropylene film, which has not been noticed in the past in capacitor applications, and the characteristics of this amorphous region are the electricity of polypropylene film.
- the crystal region has been mainly controlled to improve the electrical characteristics of the film, but the amorphous region and the electrical characteristics, which are considered to be the actual current paths, have been performed. The relationship between the two was not fully examined. Therefore, the present inventors have found that the above object can be achieved by appropriately controlling the structure of the amorphous region of the polypropylene film, and have completed the present invention.
- the present invention includes, for example, the inventions described in the following sections.
- Item 1 Biaxially stretched polypropylene film for capacitors Free volume V F determined by positron annihilation lifetime measurement at 120 ° C. (120) is at 0.250Nm 3 or less, The positron lifetime spectrum derived from the positron annihilation lifetime measurement at 120 ° C. is separated into three components, and the annihilation lifetime (ns) at each peak is ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ .
- the biaxially stretched polypropylene film for a capacitor according to the present invention suppresses leakage current, has excellent withstand voltage, and suppresses the occurrence of insulation defects even in a high temperature (for example, 120 ° C.) and high voltage environment. Will be done. Therefore, the biaxially stretched polypropylene film for a capacitor according to the present invention can provide the capacitor with excellent withstand voltage, durability and reliability even in a high temperature (for example, 120 ° C.) and high voltage environment.
- the free volume V F (120) determined by positron annihilation lifetime measurement at 120 ° C. is not more 0.250Nm 3 or less
- the relative free volume V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100 is 0.0430 nm 3 or less.
- the relative free volume V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100 and the peak separation of the positron lifetime spectra derived by a positron annihilation lifetime measurement at the 120 ° C.
- the extinction lifetime (ns) at the peak is ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ), and the peak intensity ratios (%) corresponding to ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 are I 1 respectively.
- (120) (%), I 2 (120) (%) and I 3 (120) (%) (I 1 (120) + I 2 (120) + I 3 (120) 100%) means free volume V F (120) and the value obtained by dividing 100 the product of I 3 (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100).
- the biaxially stretched polypropylene film for a capacitor according to the present invention is simply referred to as "the polypropylene film of the present invention”.
- the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100 can be measured by a positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy at a measurement temperature of 120 ° C. ..
- the positron annihilation lifetime measurement can be performed by the following procedure. Two sets of laminates obtained by stacking 30 pieces of 1 cm square pieces of the polypropylene film of the present invention are prepared. At this time, the thickness of the laminated body is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 3.0 mm.
- the positron radiation source is a disk piece in which 22 Na is sandwiched between two Kapton films and sealed.
- the scintillator used for positron annihilation life measurement is barium fluoride
- the oscilloscope is "Wave Runner 62Xi” manufactured by Teledyne LeCroy Japan
- the photomultiplier tube is "H6610MOD” manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics
- the high-voltage power supply for the photomultiplier tube is. "RPH-033” manufactured by Hayashi Ei Seiki Co., Ltd.
- positron lifetime spectrum showing the relationship between the annihilation lifetime (X-axis) and the peak intensity (Y-axis) can be obtained.
- the positron lifetime spectrum is analyzed by peak-separating the positron lifetime spectrum into three components using fitting software (PALSfit).
- I 3 (120) is a parameter called "peak intensity of the third component".
- the free volume of the amorphous portion of the polypropylene film is approximated to a sphere, and from the lifetime time ⁇ 3 of o-Ps that can be used for evaluating the free volume of the polymer, Nakanishi-Jean represented by the following formula (1).
- the free volume V F at 120 ° C. of the polypropylene film of the present invention 120 ) (Nm 3 ).
- the relative free volume at 120 ° C. of the polypropylene film of the present invention by dividing 100 the product of V F (120) and I 3 (120) (i.e., V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1 / 100 (nm 3 )).
- V F (120) is a space existing amorphous portion of the polymer (polypropylene in this invention), it means that the space in which the molecular chains can move freely.
- Free volume is measured by the positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy
- V F (120) is a reflection of the average of the free volume size of the polypropylene film of the present invention.
- the positron annihilation lifetime peak intensity is measured by measuring I 3 (120) is an index of the number density of free volume V F (120), typically, when the number density of free volume is increased the peak intensity I 3 is It tends to increase.
- Relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) the larger the value, it means a greater amount of free volume present in amorphous polymers.
- the value of the free volume V F at 120 ° C. is 0.250Nm 3 or less, and the relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) is 0.0430nm When it is 3 or less, the leakage current is suppressed, the withstand voltage is excellent, and the occurrence of insulation defects is suppressed even in a high temperature (for example, 120 ° C.) and high voltage environment.
- V F (120) is more than 0.250Nm 3, and / or the relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) is 0.0430nm If it exceeds 3, since the denseness of the amorphous part is not sufficient, a minute current tends to flow in the amorphous part in the high electric field region, an increase in leakage current and a decrease in withstand voltage are caused, and insulation defects are also caused. It is more likely to occur.
- the value of the free volume V F at 120 ° C. (120) is 0.230Nm 3 or less, and more preferably 0.220Nm 3 or less.
- the lower limit of the free volume V F at 120 ° C. (120) it is not particularly limited. High temperature (e.g. 120 ° C.) and high-voltage voltage resistance was superior in environment, preferably in view of easy having a durability and reliability, the free volume V F (120) is 0.100Nm 3 or more, 0 more preferably .150nm 3 or more, and particularly preferably 0.180Nm 3 or more.
- the value of the relative free volume at 120 °C (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) is 0.0428Nm 3 or less, 0.0425Nm 3 below Is more preferable.
- the lower limit of the relative free volume at 120 °C (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) it is not particularly limited.
- High temperature (e.g. 120 ° C.) and excellent voltage resistance under high voltage environments, from the viewpoint of easily have the durability and reliability, relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) preferably it is 0.0100Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.0200Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.0300Nm 3 or more, particularly preferably 0.03500 or more.
- Means for adjusting the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) in the desired range is not particularly limited.
- the temperature of the cooling roll used when molding the unstretched raw fabric sheet the metal drum temperature described later
- the draft ratio, the draw ratio of the unstretched raw fabric sheet (maximum area ratio described later), the T-die temperature, and the air temperature of the air knife the free volume and relative freedom of the polypropylene film of the present invention can be obtained.
- the volume can be easily adjusted to the desired range. Details will be described later in "2. Method for manufacturing biaxially stretched polypropylene film for capacitors".
- the polypropylene film of the present invention contains a polypropylene resin.
- the main component of the polypropylene film of the present invention is a polypropylene resin, and more preferably, the resin component constituting the film is a polypropylene resin.
- the "main component" is 50% by mass or more, preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more, still more preferably 95% by mass or more in terms of solid content in the polypropylene film. It means that it contains 99% by mass or more.
- the type of polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, and for example, the polypropylene resin used for forming a polypropylene film for a capacitor can be widely used.
- Specific examples of the polypropylene resin include propylene homopolymers such as isotactic polypropylene and syndiotactic polypropylene; copolymers of propylene and ethylene; long-chain branched polypropylene; ultrahigh molecular weight polypropylene and the like.
- the preferred polypropylene resin is a propylene homopolymer, and isotropic polypropylene is more preferable from the viewpoint of easily improving heat resistance, and isotactic polypropylene obtained by homopolymerizing polypropylene in the presence of a catalyst for olefin polymerization is further preferable.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention contains a polypropylene resin having high stereoregularity, so that the free volume and the relative free volume can be easily adjusted to the above-mentioned desired values.
- the polypropylene resin contained in the polypropylene film of the present invention may be one kind alone or two or more different kinds.
- the types are not particularly limited, and various polypropylene resins can be combined.
- a combination of isotactic polypropylene and long-chain branched polypropylene can be mentioned.
- the type of long-chain branched polypropylene is not particularly limited, and for example, known long-chain branched polypropylene used in polypropylene films for capacitors can be widely applied.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polypropylene resin is preferably 250,000 or more and 450,000 or less.
- Mw weight average molecular weight
- appropriate resin fluidity can be obtained during biaxial stretching, and the thickness of the unstretched raw fabric sheet can be easily controlled.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polypropylene resin is more preferably 270,000 or more, further preferably 290,000 or more, from the viewpoint of the uniformity of the thickness of the polypropylene film, mechanical properties, thermal-mechanical properties, and the like. ..
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) of the polypropylene resin is more preferably 400,000 or less from the viewpoint of the fluidity of the polypropylene resin and the stretchability when obtaining an ultrathin polypropylene film.
- the molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited.
- the lower limit of the molecular weight distribution is preferably 3 or more, and 5 or more, in that an appropriate resin fluidity can be obtained during biaxial stretching and an ultrathin propylene film having no uneven thickness can be easily obtained. It is more preferable that there is, and it is further preferable that it is 7 or more.
- the upper limit of the molecular weight distribution is preferably 12 or less, preferably 11 or less, in that an appropriate resin fluidity can be obtained during biaxial stretching and an ultrathin propylene film having no uneven thickness can be easily obtained. More preferably, it is more preferably 10 or less.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw), number average molecular weight (Mn), and molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) of the polypropylene resin can be measured by using SEC (size exclusion chromatography) under the following conditions.
- the calibration curve As the calibration curve, a calibration curve of a fifth-order approximate curve using standard polystyrene manufactured by Tosoh Corporation is created. However, the molecular weight is converted to the molecular weight of polypropylene using the Q-factor. From the obtained calibration curve and SEC chromatogram, the number average molecular weight (Mn) and the weight average molecular weight (Mw) are obtained by using the analysis software for the measuring device. The molecular weight distribution (Mw / Mn) can be obtained by using the values of Mw and Mn.
- the melt flow rate (MFR) of the polypropylene resin at 230 ° C. and a load of 2.16 kg is not particularly limited, but is preferably 7 g / 10 minutes or less, preferably 6 g / 10 minutes or less, because stretchability and the like tend to be good. It is more preferable that it is as follows. Further, from the viewpoint of improving the accuracy of the thickness of the polypropylene film of the present invention, the melt flow rate (MFR) is preferably 0.3 g / 10 minutes or more, and more preferably 0.5 g / 10 minutes or more.
- the MFR measurement method conforms to JIS K 7210-1999.
- the heptane insoluble content (HI) of the polypropylene resin is preferably 95.0% or more, more preferably 97.0% or more, and further preferably 98.0% or more with respect to the total amount of the polypropylene resin. preferable.
- the heptane insoluble content (HI) of the polypropylene resin is preferably 99.5% or less, more preferably 99.0% or less. The greater the amount of heptane insoluble, the higher the stereoregularity of the resin. When the heptane insoluble matter (HI) is in the above range, the crystallinity of the resin is appropriately improved, so that the withstand voltage at high temperature is likely to be improved, and the cast raw fabric sheet is solidified (crystallized).
- heptane insoluble content HI
- the method for measuring heptane insoluble matter (HI) is carried out according to the following procedure. Polypropylene resin is press-molded to a size of 10 mm ⁇ 35 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm to prepare a measurement sample of about 3 g. Then, about 150 mL of heptane is added to the measurement sample, and Soxhlet extraction is performed for 8 hours. The heptane insoluble content (%) is calculated from the sample mass before and after extraction.
- the method for producing the polypropylene resin contained in the polypropylene film of the present invention is not particularly limited, and for example, a known production method can be widely adopted. Further, the polypropylene resin contained in the polypropylene film of the present invention can also be obtained from, for example, a commercially available product.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention can contain additives.
- the "additive” is an additive generally used for polypropylene resins, and is not particularly limited as long as the polypropylene film of the present invention can be obtained.
- the additive include antioxidants, stabilizers such as chlorine absorbers and ultraviolet absorbers, lubricants, plasticizers, flame retardants, antistatic agents, colorants and the like, and for example, for capacitors.
- Known additives applied to polypropylene films of No. 1 can be widely applied.
- the ash content of the polypropylene film of the present invention is preferably 60 mass ppm or less, more preferably 50 mass ppm or less, further preferably 40 mass ppm or less, and particularly preferably 30 mass ppm or less.
- the ash content of the polypropylene film is 60 mass ppm or less, there are few impurities such as polymerization catalyst residue that cause a decrease in electrical insulation, so that the electrical characteristics of the film are further improved and the electrical characteristics of the capacitor element are further improved. be able to.
- the ash content of the polypropylene film of the present invention is measured according to the following method. First, about 200 g of the sample is weighed, and about 10 g of the sample is put into a platinum dish and burned repeatedly to burn all the weighed samples. All burned samples are incinerated by heating in an electric furnace at 800 ° C. for 40 minutes. From the ash residue thus obtained, the ash ratio (mass ppm) is determined. The above operation is performed twice, and the average value is defined as ash content (mass ppm).
- the crystallinity ⁇ c measured by the dry densitometer by the constant volume expansion method of the polypropylene film of the present invention is preferably 70.0% or more, more preferably 75.0% or more, still more preferably 79.0% or more. , 80.0% or more is particularly preferable. Further, the crystallinity ⁇ c of the polypropylene film of the present invention is preferably 95.0% or less, more preferably 90.0% or less. When the crystallinity ⁇ c of the polypropylene film of the present invention is within the above range, the free volume and the relative free volume of the polypropylene film of the present invention can be easily adjusted to desired values, and the electrical characteristics of the film at high temperature are further improved. , The electrical characteristics of the capacitor element can be further improved. When the degree of crystallinity of the polypropylene film is large, the number of current paths when a voltage is applied is reduced, and as a result, the withstand voltage performance is improved.
- the crystallinity of the polypropylene film of the present invention is measured according to the following procedure.
- a polypropylene film sample of the present invention is cut out with a width of 10 mm and rolled into a roll in the length direction to prepare a roll-shaped sample having a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 10 mm. At this time, be careful not to create a gap between the films as much as possible.
- the roll-shaped sample is placed in a sample cell having a diameter of 12 mm and a height of 12 mm and set in the sample chamber of the measuring device. After inputting the sample weight measured above into the apparatus, the measurement is carried out to obtain a density ⁇ (g / cm 3).
- the crystallinity ⁇ c (%) of the polypropylene film is calculated from the obtained density ⁇ and the following formula (3).
- Measurement temperature 23 ° C
- the polypropylene film of the present invention preferably has a thickness of, for example, 1 ⁇ m or more and 10 ⁇ m or less in that the capacitor tends to have a high capacity.
- the thickness of the polypropylene film is more preferably 1.2 ⁇ m or more, further preferably 1.5 ⁇ m or more, and particularly preferably 1.8 ⁇ m or more.
- the thickness of the polypropylene film is more preferably 8 ⁇ m or less, further preferably 7 ⁇ m or less, and particularly preferably 5 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the polypropylene film of the present invention is a value measured in accordance with JIS K 7130: 1999 A method using an outer micrometer (Mitutoyo Co., Ltd. high-precision digital micrometer MDH-25MB).
- Polypropylene film of the present invention high temperatures (e.g., 120 ° C.) be free volume V F (120) and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) is a specific range of ,
- the free volume and the relative free volume are smaller than those of the conventional polypropylene film. That is, the amorphous structure that can be a path for electric current in the polypropylene film has high density, low molecular motion, and few defects in the film.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention has a large volume resistivity even when a voltage of 1000 V is applied at 120 ° C., so that the generation of leakage current in a high temperature and high electric field region is suppressed.
- the capacitor to which the polypropylene film of the present invention is applied is expected to have a longer life and improved reliability.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention can have a volume resistivity of 3.0 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more under a voltage of 120 ° C. and 1000 V.
- the upper limit of the volume resistivity of the polypropylene film of the present invention under a voltage of 120 ° C. and 1000 V is, for example, 1.0 ⁇ 10 16 ⁇ ⁇ cm. The higher the volume resistivity is, the more preferable it is. In this case, the generation of leakage current in a high temperature and high electric field region is suppressed.
- the number of digits is a reliable value as the accuracy of the measured value, and a value (coefficient) more detailed than the number of digits is regarded as an error range. ing.
- the volume resistivity of the polypropylene film is 3 ⁇ 10 14 ⁇ ⁇ cm
- the number of digits of the volume resistivity refers to 10 14 and the coefficient (detailed numerical value) indicates 3.
- the volume resistivity when a voltage of 1000 V is applied at a potential gradient of 143 V / ⁇ m in an environment of 120 ° C. is a physical property that can be obtained with higher accuracy than the conventional digit number level.
- the accuracy of the volume resistivity in the present invention extends not only to the number of digits but also to the coefficient.
- the potential gradient is constant (143 V / ⁇ m in the present invention).
- the volume resistivity is constant no matter what voltage is measured within the range where Ohm's law holds.
- the volume resistivity will differ depending on the voltage at the time of measurement. Specifically, the higher the voltage at the time of measurement (the higher the potential gradient), the lower the resistance value.
- the volume resistivity is obtained with the potential gradient constant, for example, when the volume resistivity of a plurality of types of films is measured, the volume resistivity is almost the same because the number of digits is the same in the conventional method. It is possible to give a clearly different value for what was evaluated as. While the electrical characteristics in the high electric field region cannot be measured accurately with a low potential gradient (for example, 100 V / ⁇ m or less) as in the past, the method for measuring volume resistivity disclosed in the present specification is accurate as described above. Is high.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention has a small free volume and a relative free volume at a high temperature, so that, for example, a direct current dielectric breakdown strength at 120 ° C. is large.
- the capacitor to which the polypropylene film of the present invention is applied has excellent withstand voltage performance when a high temperature and a high voltage are applied.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention can have a dielectric breakdown strength of 500 VDC / ⁇ m or more at 120 ° C.
- the upper limit of the dielectric breakdown strength of the polypropylene film of the present invention at 120 ° C. is, for example, 700 VDC / ⁇ m. The higher the dielectric breakdown strength is, the more preferable it is. In this case, the withstand voltage performance is likely to be improved when a high temperature and a high voltage are applied.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention has a small free volume and a relative free volume at a high temperature, so that it has high density, and for example, the occurrence of insulation defects is suppressed. Therefore, in the capacitor to which the polypropylene film of the present invention is applied, it is expected to reduce defects such as short circuit breakage that occurs suddenly.
- the number of insulation defects at 1000 VDC can be 0.5 pieces / 10 m 2 or less.
- the lower limit of the number of insulation defects in the polypropylene film of the present invention at 1000 VDC is, for example, 0.001 (pieces / 10 m 2 ).
- the polypropylene film of the present invention has a small free volume and a relative free volume at a high temperature, so that it has high density, and for example, the cumulative dielectric breakdown point density is reduced. Therefore, in the capacitor to which the polypropylene film of the present invention is applied, it is expected that penetration fracture is suppressed and safety is improved.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention can have a cumulative dielectric breakdown point density of 1.0 piece / cm 2 or less at 5000 VDC.
- the lower limit of the cumulative dielectric breakdown point density at 5000 VDC of the polypropylene film of the present invention is, for example, 0.001 (pieces / cm 2 ).
- the method for measuring the cumulative dielectric breakdown point density at such 5000 VDC will be described in detail in the section of Examples.
- the dielectric breakdown points are self-healed, and the dielectric breakdown points are restored each time the dielectric breakdown occurs, so that the voltage can be continuously applied.
- the insulation defect of the polypropylene film is higher. It can be evaluated with accuracy.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention has excellent withstand voltage resistance, durability and reliability even in a high temperature (for example, 120 ° C.) and high voltage environment. Therefore, the polypropylene film of the present invention can be suitably used for capacitors.
- the capacitor obtained by using the polypropylene film of the present invention has excellent withstand voltage at high temperatures, and sudden short-circuit fracture is likely to be suppressed.
- Method for producing a polypropylene film production method present invention biaxially oriented polypropylene film for capacitors, the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume at 120 °C (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1 / As long as 100) has the above-mentioned specific value, it is not particularly limited.
- the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) was easily adjusted to the desired range
- the method for producing a polypropylene film of the present invention can include a step of stretching an unstretched raw fabric sheet.
- this manufacturing method is abbreviated as "manufacturing method A".
- the method for producing the unstretched raw sheet used in the production method A is not particularly limited, and for example, a known method can be widely applied.
- an unstretched raw material sheet can be obtained by extrusion-molding the raw material containing the polypropylene resin described above.
- the polypropylene resin for obtaining the unstretched raw fabric sheet can be, for example, in the form of pellets, specifically, polypropylene resin pellets, dry-mixed polypropylene resin pellets (and / or polymerized powder), or pre-melted. Mixed polypropylene resin pellets produced by kneading can be used.
- the polypropylene resin contained in the raw material containing the polypropylene resin may be one kind alone or two or more different kinds.
- the types are not particularly limited, and various polypropylene resins can be combined.
- a combination of isotactic polypropylene and long-chain branched polypropylene can be mentioned.
- the type of long-chain branched polypropylene is not particularly limited, and for example, known long-chain branched polypropylene used in polypropylene films for capacitors can be widely applied.
- the raw material containing the polypropylene resin may also contain other components. Examples of resins other than polypropylene resins include the above-mentioned "additives".
- the method for preparing the raw material containing the polypropylene resin is not particularly limited, and for example, known mixing means can be widely adopted.
- the unstretched raw sheet is obtained, for example, by supplying polypropylene resin to an extruder, heating and melting it, melt-extruding it from a T-die, and cooling and solidifying it with a metal drum.
- a metal drum When the molten polypropylene resin is cooled and solidified with a metal drum, it is preferable to blow air from an air knife onto the resin.
- the temperature (melting temperature) at which the polypropylene resin is melted by the extruder is, for example, 170 ° C. or higher and 320 ° C. or lower, preferably 200 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 220 ° C. or higher and 250 ° C. or lower.
- the T-die temperature is preferably lower than the melting temperature from the viewpoint that the micro-alignment of the unstretched raw sheet due to the stretching between the T-die and the metal drum is easily promoted.
- the amorphous molecular chains are easily micro-oriented in the flow direction, and the finally obtained polypropylene film of the present invention is easily adjusted to a desired range of free volume and relative free volume. ..
- the T-die temperature is preferably 210 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 215 ° C. or higher and 225 ° C. or lower.
- the air temperature of the air knife is preferably 35 ° C. or lower, for example, from the viewpoint of facilitating fine orientation of the unstretched raw sheet due to stretching between the T die and the metal drum.
- the air temperature of the air knife is preferably 15 ° C. or higher and 35 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 20 ° C. or higher and 25 ° C. or lower.
- the cooling temperature is preferably 0 ° C or higher and 17 ° C or lower.
- the metal drum temperature is as low as 17 ° C. or lower, micro-orientation of the unstretched raw fabric sheet due to stretching between the T-die and the metal drum is likely to be promoted. Therefore, in the obtained unstretched raw fabric sheet, the amorphous molecular chains are likely to be micro-oriented in the flow direction, and the finally obtained polypropylene film of the present invention is easily adjusted to a desired range of free volume and relative free volume.
- the cooling temperature for cooling with the metal drum is more preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 17 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 0 ° C. or higher and 15 ° C. or lower.
- the number of metal drums used can be one or two or more.
- the draft ratio that is, the ratio of the drawing speed to the extrusion speed is preferably 7.5 or more and 10.0 or less.
- the amorphous molecular chains are likely to be micro-oriented in the flow direction, and the finally obtained polypropylene film of the present invention is easily adjusted to a desired range of free volume and relative free volume. ..
- the draft ratio is more preferably 8.0 or more and 9.5 or less.
- the draft ratio means the ratio of the resin flow rate at the die slip outlet of the extrusion molding machine to the resin flow rate at the contact point of the cooling molding roll.
- the desired range of free volume V F (120) and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) of the film becomes adjusting reagent.
- the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume of the resulting polypropylene film (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) can be easily adjusted according to a desired range.
- the unstretched raw sheet used in the manufacturing method A can be obtained.
- the thickness of the obtained unstretched raw sheet is, for example, preferably 0.05 mm or more and 2 mm or less, and more preferably 0.1 mm or more and 1 mm or less.
- the free volume and the relative free volume of the unstretched raw sheet at 120 ° C. are not particularly limited.
- the unstretched raw sheet F the free volume of the V'(120), relative to free volume V'F (120) ⁇ I'3 (120) and ⁇ 1/100.
- Unstretched raw sheet of V'F (120) is preferably at 0.260Nm 3 or less, relative free volume (V'F (120) ⁇ I' 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) , the 0 It is preferably .0790 nm 3 or less.
- the adjusting reagent optionally in the range free volume V F and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) of the polypropylene film.
- Not free volume and relative free volume of the stretched raw sheet is similar to the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume of the polypropylene film of the present invention (I 3 (120) ⁇ V F (120) ⁇ 1/100) Can be obtained by the measurement method and measurement conditions of the above, and the same calculation method.
- the value of the unstretched raw free volume V'F at 120 ° C. Anti sheet (120) is more preferably 0.250Nm 3 or less, still more preferably 0.232Nm 3 or less, 0.230Nm 3 particularly preferably not more than, also, is preferably 0.100Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.150Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.180Nm 3 or more.
- Value of the relative free volume at 120 ° C. unstretched raw sheet (V'F (120) ⁇ I' 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) is preferably at 0.0785Nm 3 or less, 0.0780Nm more preferably 3 or less, still more preferably 0.0750Nm 3 or less, and particularly preferably 0.0730Nm 3 or less.
- the value of the relative free volume at 120 ° C. unstretched raw sheet (V'F (120) ⁇ I' 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) is preferably at 0.0100Nm 3 or more, 0 more preferably .0200nm 3 or more, further preferably 0.0300Nm 3 or more.
- the free volume and the relative free volume of the unstretched raw sheet at room temperature (20 ° C.) are not particularly limited.
- unstretched original free volume V'F (120) at 120 ° C. anti sheet and relative free volume V'F (120) ⁇ I'3 (120) ⁇ 1/100 unstretched the free volume at room temperature (20 ° C.) of the original sheet V'F (20), relative to free volume V'F (20) ⁇ I'3 (20) and ⁇ 1/100.
- Unstretched raw sheet of V'F (20) is preferably at 0.200Nm 3 or less, and the relative free volume (V'F (20) ⁇ I' 3 (20) ⁇ 1/100) is , 0.0300 nm 3 or less is preferable. In this case, the free volume and the relative free volume of the polypropylene film can be easily adjusted within a desired range.
- Unstretched raw sheet of V'F (20) is more preferably 0.150Nm 3 or less, still more preferably 0.130Nm 3 or less, and particularly preferably 0.119Nm 3 or less. Furthermore, unstretched raw sheet of V'F (20) is preferably at 0.0100Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.0500Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.0800Nm 3 or more ..
- the relative free volume unstretched raw sheet (V'F (20) ⁇ I' 3 (20) ⁇ 1/100) is more preferably 0.0290Nm 3 or less, it is 0.0280Nm 3 or less but more preferably, also, it is preferably 0.0050Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.0100Nm 3 or more, more preferably 0.0200Nm 3 or more.
- Unstretched raw film free volume of the sheet V'F (20) and relative free volume (V'F (20) ⁇ I' 3 (20) ⁇ 1/100) changes the measured temperature from 120 ° C. to 20 ° C. it addition, the unstretched raw free volume V'F (120) at 120 ° C. anti sheet and relative free volume (V'F (120) ⁇ I' 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) and a similar measurement method It can be obtained by the measurement conditions and the same calculation method.
- Crystallinity Kai' c as measured by a dry densitometer by constant volume expansion method unstretched raw sheet is not particularly limited, preferably at least 50.0%, more preferably at least 55.0%, 60.0 % Or more is particularly preferable. Further, crystallinity Kai' c unstretched raw sheet is preferably less 95.0%, more preferably 90.0% or less. When unstretched original crystallinity Kai' c anti sheet is within the above range, has an appropriate stretchability, crystallinity chi c polypropylene film is easily adjusted to the desired value.
- Unstretched original crystallinity Kai' c anti sheet other than the method of making a sample can be measured by the same method as crystallinity chi c of all the foregoing polypropylene film.
- Samples for measuring the unstretched original crystallinity Kai' c anti sheet cut out 30 pieces of unstretched raw sheet at a diameter 12 mm, so that a gap as possible between each other of the cutting sheet does not occur, the thickness It can be obtained by stacking to about 10 mm.
- the dielectric loss tangent (tan ⁇ ) of the unstretched raw sheet at 120 ° C. is preferably 0.123 or less, more preferably 0.120 or less, further preferably 0.115 or less, and preferably 0.030 or more. 050 or more is more preferable, 0.080 or more is further preferable, and 0.090 or more is particularly preferable.
- the dielectric constant tangent (tan ⁇ ) of the unstretched raw film sheet at 120 ° C. is 0.123 or less, the intermolecular bond between the non-crystalline regions at high temperature is loosened and the molecular motility is suppressed, so that the unstretched raw film sheet is suppressed.
- the dielectric breakdown strength of the polypropylene film under high temperature is improved, the volume resistivity of the polypropylene film in a high temperature and high electric field region is improved, and insulation defects can be suppressed.
- the relaxation times T 2H and C of the amorphous component at 120 ° C. of the unstretched raw sheet are preferably 0.430 ms or less.
- the dielectric breakdown strength of the unstretched raw fabric sheet and the polypropylene film at high temperature is improved, and the polypropylene film is at high temperature.
- the volume resistivity in the high electric field region is improved, and insulation defects can be suppressed.
- the relaxation times T 2H and C of the amorphous component at 120 ° C. of the unstretched raw sheet are more preferably 0.100 ms or more, further preferably 0.200 ms or more, and 0.300 ms or more. Especially preferable.
- ⁇ Stretching treatment of unstretched raw sheet> when the unstretched raw fabric sheet is stretched, biaxial stretching in which the unstretched raw sheet is oriented biaxially in the vertical and horizontal directions is adopted.
- this stretching method include simultaneous or sequential biaxial stretching methods, but in the present invention, the sequential biaxial stretching method is preferable.
- the apparatus used for the stretching treatment is not particularly limited, and a known stretching treatment apparatus can be widely adopted.
- a small research stretching machine may be used, or production equipment may be used.
- the production equipment for example, a polypropylene film is produced by a method of longitudinally stretching with a roll and laterally stretching in a tenter.
- a polypropylene film is produced by a method of longitudinal stretching and transverse stretching in a tenter.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention can be obtained regardless of which stretching treatment apparatus is used. Further, the film forming conditions are the same regardless of whether the small research stretching machine or the production equipment is used. Hereinafter, the case where the production equipment is used will be described as an example.
- the unstretched raw sheet is kept within the temperature range of 158 ° C. or higher and 168 ° C. or lower (longitudinal stretching temperature), and is passed between rolls provided with a speed difference in the flow direction. It is stretched in the (MD direction) to 4.5 times or more and 5.5 times or less (preferably 4.8 times or more and 5.4 times or less) (longitudinal stretching ratio), and immediately cooled to room temperature.
- the stretching speed is, for example, 500% / sec or more and 700% / sec or less.
- the stretched film is guided to a tenter and kept within a temperature range of 158 ° C. or higher and 168 ° C. or lower (transverse stretching temperature), and 9.0 times or more and 12.5 times or less (preferably) in the width direction (TD direction).
- transverse stretching temperature 158 ° C. or higher and 168 ° C. or lower
- 9.0 times or more and 12.5 times or less preferably
- in the width direction TD direction
- the stretching speed is, for example, 200% / sec or more and 500% / sec.
- the relaxation treatment temperature after stretching in the width direction is, for example, 158 ° C. or higher and 168 ° C. or lower
- the relaxation treatment time is, for example, 1 second or more and 10 seconds or less.
- the lateral stretching ratio after the relaxation treatment is, for example, 9.5 to 11.0 times.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention can be obtained by the above stretching treatment. After stretching, the film can be wound up, the wound film can be aged, and then cut to a desired product width.
- the maximum area magnification after the unstretched raw sheet is stretched can be 50 times or more and 56 times or less.
- the amorphous molecular chains that were slightly oriented in the flow direction in the unstretched raw fabric sheet are highly oriented in the film plane, and a dense structure is likely to be formed in the amorphous region.
- the molecular mobility of the polypropylene film is lowered, and as a result, the free volume and the relative free volume are easily adjusted to a desired range.
- the maximum area magnification represents the product of the longitudinal stretching ratio (MD magnification) after stretching in the MD direction and the transverse stretching ratio (TD magnification) after stretching in the TD direction.
- the transverse stretching ratio (TD magnification) means the maximum stretching ratio in the transverse stretching step.
- the maximum area magnification after the unstretched raw sheet is stretched is more preferably 53 times or more. Further, the maximum area magnification after the unstretched raw fabric sheet is stretched is more preferably 55 times or less.
- the T-die temperature is in a specific range
- the air temperature of the air knife is in a specific range
- the maximum area magnification is in a specific range
- the above-mentioned unstretched raw fabric is used.
- the cooling temperature of the metal drum in the production of the sheet is in a specific range and the draft ratio is in a specific range, at least one or more, preferably all of them.
- the free volume V F (120) at 120 ° C. for polypropylene film and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) that is very easily be adjusted to the desired range Become.
- Configuration a) The T-die temperature in the production of the unstretched raw sheet is 210 ° C. or higher and 230 ° C. or lower (preferably 215 ° C. or higher and 225 ° C. or lower).
- Configuration b) The air temperature of the air knife in the production of the unstretched raw sheet is 35 ° C or lower (preferably 15 ° C or higher and 35 ° C or lower, more preferably 20 ° C or higher and 25 ° C or lower).
- Configuration c) The cooling temperature of the metal drum in the production of the unstretched raw sheet is 0 ° C or higher and 17 ° C or lower (preferably 0 ° C or higher and 15 ° C or lower).
- Configuration d) The draft ratio in the production of the unstretched raw sheet is 7.5 or more and 10.0 or less (preferably 8.0 or more and 9.5 or less), and
- Configuration e) The maximum area magnification after stretching the unstretched raw fabric sheet is 50 times or more and 56 times or less (preferably 53 times or more and 55 times or less).
- the surface of the polypropylene film obtained by the manufacturing method A can be subjected to unevenness treatment.
- various known roughening methods such as an embossing method and an etching method can be adopted, and among them, a roughening method using ⁇ crystals, which does not require mixing of impurities, is preferable.
- the ⁇ crystal formation rate can generally be controlled by changing the casting temperature (cooling temperature by the metal drum described above) and the casting speed.
- the melting / transition ratio of ⁇ crystals can be controlled by the roll temperature in the longitudinal stretching step, and fine coarseness can be obtained by selecting the optimum production conditions for these two parameters of ⁇ crystal formation and its melting / transition. Surface properties can be obtained.
- the polypropylene film obtained by the manufacturing method A can be subjected to a corona discharge treatment online or offline after the above-mentioned relaxation treatment and heat fixing are completed, if necessary. Thereby, the adhesiveness between the polypropylene film and the metal film described later can be enhanced.
- a corona discharge treatment for example, a known method can be widely adopted.
- the corona discharge treatment may be performed in any atmosphere of, for example, air, carbon dioxide gas, nitrogen gas, or a mixed gas thereof.
- Polypropylene film obtained by the process of the present invention high temperatures (e.g., 120 ° C.) is the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume in (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100) Within the above-mentioned specific range, the free volume and the relative free volume are smaller than those of the conventional polypropylene film. Therefore, the polypropylene film obtained by the production method of the present invention has excellent withstand voltage resistance, durability and reliability even in a high temperature (for example, 120 ° C.) and high voltage environment.
- a high temperature for example, 120 ° C.
- the polypropylene film of the present invention may have a metal film formed on one side or both sides.
- a polypropylene film having a metal film formed on one side or both sides is referred to as a "metallized film for a capacitor”.
- the type of metal film is not particularly limited, and for example, electrodes usually used for manufacturing capacitors can be used.
- the electrodes include metal foil, paper with at least one side metallized, and a plastic film. From the viewpoint of reducing the size and weight of the capacitor, it is preferable that the metal film is directly bonded to one side or both sides of the polypropylene film of the present invention.
- the type of electrode is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include simple metals such as zinc, lead, silver, chromium, aluminum, copper, and nickel, mixtures of a plurality of types thereof, and alloys thereof.
- the electrodes are preferably made of zinc and aluminum in consideration of the environment, economy, capacitor performance, and the like.
- a vacuum vapor deposition method and a sputtering method can be exemplified, and the vacuum vapor deposition method is preferable from the viewpoint of productivity and economy.
- the vacuum vapor deposition method for example, a known method can be widely adopted, and examples thereof include a crucible method and a wire method.
- the resistance of the metal film is preferably about 1 to 100 ⁇ / ⁇ from the viewpoint of the electrical characteristics of the capacitor.
- the film resistance is more preferably 5 ⁇ / ⁇ or more, and further preferably 10 ⁇ / ⁇ or more.
- the film resistance is more preferably 50 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and further preferably 30 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- Membrane resistance can be measured, for example, by a four-terminal method known to those skilled in the art.
- the film resistance can be adjusted, for example, by adjusting the output of the evaporation source to adjust the amount of evaporation.
- an insulation margin is formed from one end of the film without vapor deposition so as to become a capacitor when the film is wound.
- a heavy edge structure is also preferable to form a heavy edge structure at the end opposite to the insulation margin.
- the film resistance of the heavy edge is usually about 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 8 ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and preferably 1 ⁇ / ⁇ or more and 5 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the thickness of the metal film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 nm or more and 200 nm or less.
- the margin pattern of the metal vapor deposition film to be formed is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of improving characteristics such as the safety of the capacitor, it is preferable to use a pattern including a so-called special margin such as a fishnet pattern and a T margin pattern. .. Forming a metal film on one side of the polypropylene film of the present invention in a pattern including a special margin is preferable because it improves the safety of the obtained capacitor and is effective in terms of capacitor destruction, suppression of short circuit, and the like.
- known methods such as a tape method in which masking is performed by tape at the time of vapor deposition and an oil method in which masking is performed by applying oil can be used without any limitation.
- the metallized film for a capacitor can be processed into the capacitor of the present invention described later through a winding process of winding the film along the long direction of the film. That is, the metallized film for a capacitor is made into a pair, and the metal film and the polypropylene film are laminated and wound so as to be alternately laminated. After that, a capacitor is obtained by a step of forming a pair of metallikon electrodes by metal spraying on both end surfaces to manufacture a film capacitor.
- Capacitor comprises the aforementioned biaxially stretched polypropylene film for a capacitor of the present invention.
- the capacitor of the present invention preferably includes the metallized film for the capacitor.
- Other configurations of the capacitor of the present invention are not particularly limited as long as the polypropylene film of the present invention is provided.
- other configurations can be the same as those of known capacitors.
- film winding is performed.
- the capacitor in pairs so that the metal film of the metallized film for the capacitor and the polypropylene film of the present invention are alternately laminated and the insulation margin portion is on the opposite side.
- the metallized films are overlapped and wound.
- the winding machine to be used is not particularly limited, and for example, an automatic winding machine 3KAW-N2 type manufactured by Minato Seisakusho Co., Ltd. can be used.
- the obtained wound is usually pressed. Pressing promotes capacitor winding and element molding.
- the optimum value of the applied pressure varies depending on the thickness of the polypropylene film of the present invention and the like, and is, for example, 2 to 20 kg / cm 2 .
- a capacitor is manufactured by spraying metal on both end faces of the wound object to provide a metallikon electrode. After that, a predetermined heat treatment can be further performed.
- the capacitor can be heat-treated at a temperature of 80 to 125 ° C. under a vacuum of 1 hour or more (hereinafter, may be referred to as “heat aging”).
- the heat treatment temperature is usually 80 ° C. or higher, preferably 90 ° C. or higher.
- the temperature of the heat treatment is usually 130 ° C. or lower, preferably 125 ° C. or lower.
- the heat treatment of the capacitor reduces the voids between the films constituting the capacitor based on the metallized film for the capacitor, suppresses the corona discharge, and changes the internal structure of the metallized film to promote crystallization. As a result, the withstand voltage of the capacitor can be improved.
- Examples of the method of heat-treating the capacitor include a method of using a constant temperature bath in a vacuum atmosphere, a method of using high frequency induction heating, and the like, and it is preferable to adopt a method of using a constant temperature bath.
- the heat treatment time is preferably 1 hour or more, more preferably 10 hours or more, and from the viewpoint of preventing molding defects such as thermal wrinkles and molding. , 20 hours or less is more preferable.
- Lead wires are usually welded to the metallikon electrodes of heat-aged capacitors. Further, in order to impart weather resistance and particularly prevent humidity deterioration, it is preferable to enclose the capacitor in a case and pot it with an epoxy resin.
- Capacitor of the present invention comprises a polypropylene film of the present invention the free volume V F (120) and relative free volume (V F (120) ⁇ I 3 to (120) ⁇ 1/100) is in a specific range at 120 ° C. Therefore, it has excellent withstand voltage resistance, durability and reliability even in a high temperature and high voltage environment.
- the physical characteristics of the polypropylene film and the unstretched raw sheet were evaluated by the following methods.
- the free volume and the relative free volume of the polypropylene film and the unstretched raw sheet were measured by the following procedure by measuring the positron annihilation lifetime, respectively.
- ⁇ Free volume and relative free volume of polypropylene film at 120 ° C> Two sets of laminates obtained by stacking 30 pieces of 1 cm square pieces of polypropylene film are prepared. At this time, the thickness of the laminated body was set to about 1 mm. Next, both sides of the positron radiation source were sandwiched between the two sets of laminates in the thickness direction of the polypropylene film, and the whole was wrapped with aluminum foil to prepare a sample.
- the positron radiation source was a disc piece sealed by sandwiching 22 Na between two Kapton films.
- the scintillator used for positron annihilation life measurement is barium fluoride
- the oscilloscope is "Wave Runner 62Xi” manufactured by Teledyne LeCroy Japan
- the photomultiplier tube is "H6610MOD” manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics
- the high-voltage power supply for the photomultiplier tube is.
- "RPH-033” manufactured by Hayashi Ei Seiki Co., Ltd. was used. 22 Na was used as the positron radiation source.
- the measurement temperature was 120 ° C. and the measurement time was 86400 seconds.
- the free volume and relative free volume of the polypropylene film at 120 ° C. were determined by the following procedure.
- the positron lifetime spectrum obtained by measuring the positron annihilation lifetime of the polypropylene film at 120 ° C.
- the positron lifetime spectrum was peak-separated into three components using fitting software (PALSfit), and the positron lifetime spectrum at each separated peak was separated ( Let ns) be ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 ( ⁇ 1 ⁇ 2 ⁇ 3 ), and the peak intensity ratios (%) corresponding to ⁇ 1 , ⁇ 2 and ⁇ 3 are I 1 (120) (%), respectively.
- positron lifetime spectra were peak separation of positron lifetime spectra into three components using a fitting software (PALSfit), ⁇ 'disappearance lifetime (ns) at each peak separated 1, .tau.
- the dielectric loss tangent tan ⁇ of the unstretched raw sheet at 120 ° C. was determined by dynamic viscoelasticity (DMA) measurement.
- DMA dynamic viscoelasticity
- the measuring device "Rheogel-E4000" manufactured by UBM was used.
- the measurement sample was prepared by cutting out in a horizontal direction of 3 mm and a vertical direction of 30 mm.
- the measurement conditions were automatic static load and tension mode depending on the temperature and frequency.
- the measurement was performed at a measurement temperature of ⁇ 150 ° C. to 150 ° C., a temperature rise rate of 3 ° C./min, a frequency of 8 Hz, and a distance between chucks of 20 mm.
- the breakdown voltage (BDV) of the polypropylene film was measured 16 times under the following test conditions.
- the voltage applied at the time when the leakage current of the following upper limit reference value was detected during boosting was defined as BDV.
- the BDV is divided by the film thickness ( ⁇ m), and the average value of 12 points excluding the upper 2 points and the lower 2 points in the 16 measurement results is taken as the dielectric breakdown strength ( VDC / ⁇ m) of the polypropylene film. did.
- the details of the measurement conditions are as follows.
- test piece Approximately 150 mm x 150 mm Condition adjustment of test piece: Hold for 30 minutes under atmospheric conditions in a dryer Power supply: DC atmosphere: In air, 120 ° C Testing machine: "DC withstand voltage / insulation resistance testing machine TOS9213AS" manufactured by Kikusui Electronics Co., Ltd. Voltage rise rate: 100V / s Current detection response speed: MID Upper limit standard value: 5mA
- volume resistivity The volume resistivity of the polypropylene film was measured by the following procedure. First, a jig for measuring volume resistivity (hereinafter, also simply referred to as a jig) was placed in a constant temperature bath in an environment of 120 ° C. The configuration of the jig is as follows. A DC power supply and a DC ammeter were connected to the jig. ⁇ Jig for measuring volume resistivity> Main electrode (diameter 50 mm) Counter electrode (diameter 85 mm) An annular guard electrode surrounding the main electrode (outer diameter 80 mm, inner diameter 70 mm)
- Each electrode is made of gold-plated copper, and conductive rubber is attached to the surface in contact with the sample.
- the conductive rubber used was "EC-60BL (W300)" manufactured by Shin-Etsu Silicone Co., Ltd., and the glossy surface of the conductive rubber was attached so as to be in contact with gold-plated copper.
- the polypropylene film hereinafter, also referred to as a sample
- the main electrode and the guard electrode are brought into close contact with one surface of the sample, the counter electrode is brought into close contact with the other surface, the sample and each electrode are brought into close contact with each other under a load of 5 kgf, and then allowed to stand for 30 minutes. did.
- volume resistivity [(effective electrode area) x (applied voltage)] / [(sample thickness) x (current value)]
- the specific procedure for measuring the volume resistivity is as described above, but other conditions not specifically described are measured in accordance with JIS C 2139-3-1: 2018.
- the number of insulation defects (pieces / 10 m 2 ) of the polypropylene film was measured using an insulation defect inspection device having a winding-winding mechanism. The film was run through a polypropylene film to be tested between the high-voltage electrode and the grounded metal roller, a DC voltage was applied at that time, and the number of discharges generated in the insulation defect portion was measured by a counter attached to the device. The number of insulation defects (pieces / 10 m 2 ) of the film was calculated by dividing the number of measurements by the measurement area. The measurement conditions were as follows.
- a laminated body 10 was formed by laminating a brass plate (320 mm ⁇ 250 mm), a conductive rubber (280 mm ⁇ 150 mm), and an aluminum foil (280 mm ⁇ 150 mm) in this order.
- a polypropylene sheet 11 having a square (100 mm ⁇ 10 mm) cutout portion hereinafter, the portion is referred to as a “window” or “window portion” in a central portion on the surface of the laminate 10 on the aluminum foil side.
- the lower electrode 1 provided with the laminate 10 and the polypropylene sheet 11 was manufactured by mounting (the outer shape is 280 mm ⁇ 150 mm).
- the thickness of the polypropylene sheet 11 may be sufficiently thicker than the thickness of the polypropylene film S to be measured, and thus is set to 22 ⁇ m in this measurement.
- a polypropylene film S for measurement was placed on the surface of the lower electrode 1 manufactured as described above on the polypropylene sheet 11 side. At this time, the polypropylene film S for measurement was brought into contact with the entire surface of the laminated body 10 (specifically, the aluminum foil of the laminated body) of the lower electrode 1 exposed through the window portion.
- the upper electrode 2 was manufactured by the following procedure. First, a polypropylene film 21 (280 mm ⁇ 150 mm, solid vapor deposition on the entire surface) having an aluminum vapor deposition surface 22 on one side having a thickness of 6 ⁇ m is brought into contact with the polypropylene film S placed on the lower electrode 1 on the vapor deposition surface 22 side. The vapor deposition surface 22 was exposed at the end of the polypropylene film 21 by placing it on the film and folding back one end of the polypropylene film 21. However, the exposed vapor deposition surface 22 was prevented from overlapping with the window portion in the thickness direction.
- the polypropylene film 21 having the aluminum vapor deposition surface 22 on one side and the brass electrode 23 are placed on the exposed vapor deposition surface 22.
- the upper electrode 2 to be provided was manufactured.
- a measuring device in which the polypropylene film S was sandwiched between the upper electrode 2 and the lower electrode 1 was assembled.
- the size of the polypropylene film, the brass plate, the conductive rubber, the aluminum foil, and the polypropylene sheet to be measured may be sufficiently larger than the size of the window, so the above size was used in this measurement.
- the brass plate of the lower electrode 1 and the brass electrode 23 of the upper electrode 2 were electrically connected by a DC power source. Then, after applying a voltage of 3200 VDC for 1 minute in an environment of 20 ° C., the number of dielectric breakdown points in the region arranged in the window portion of the polypropylene film S for measurement was visually counted. When dielectric breakdown occurs in the polypropylene film S, the dielectric breakdown portion is visually recognized as a white turbid portion as compared with the portion without dielectric breakdown. Therefore, the number of the dielectric breakdown portions was counted. After this count, a voltage of 3500 VDC was applied for 1 minute, and then the number of dielectric breakdown sites was also visually counted.
- the number of dielectric breakdown points generated when the voltage was increased by 300 VDC and applied at each voltage for 1 minute was visually counted, and this operation was performed up to 5000 V DC to complete all the applications.
- the cumulative breakdown number (the number / cm 2) Calculated.
- the measured polypropylene film S was replaced with another new polypropylene film S, the cumulative number of dielectric breakdown points (pieces / cm 2 ) was calculated by the same procedure as above, and it was obtained by measuring a total of 5 test films.
- the average value of the cumulative dielectric breakdown points (pieces / cm 2 ) was taken as the cumulative dielectric breakdown point density at 5000 VDC of the polypropylene film.
- the voltage can be accurately applied to the region overlapping (opposing) the window of the measurement film, and the creepage discharge is prevented, so that the accuracy is higher.
- Molded polypropylene resin A (“HC300BF” manufactured by Borealis Co., Ltd.) of unstretched raw sheet is supplied to an extruder, melted at 230 ° C. and ex
- the obtained unstretched raw fabric sheet was biaxially stretched using a "batch type biaxial stretching machine KARO IV" manufactured by Bruckner to obtain a biaxially stretched polypropylene film.
- the film was stretched 5.1 times in the longitudinal direction (MD direction) at a longitudinal stretching temperature of 165 ° C. and a stretching rate of 600% / sec.
- the transverse stretching temperature is 165 ° C. and the stretching speed is 300% / sec, and the stretching is performed 10.6 times in the transverse direction (TD direction).
- the maximum area magnification was set to 54.1 times.
- the lateral direction (TD direction) was relaxed 10 times by the relaxation treatment.
- the temperature of the relaxation treatment was 165 ° C., and the time of the relaxation treatment was 5 seconds.
- a polypropylene film having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was obtained.
- Example 2 A polypropylene film having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was obtained under the same production conditions as in Example 1 except that the polypropylene resin A was changed to the polypropylene resin B (manufactured by Korea Oil Chemicals Co., Ltd., “S802M”).
- Example 3 A polypropylene film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that production equipment (longitudinal stretching-roll method, transverse stretching-tenter method) was used instead of the small research stretching apparatus. The thickness of the obtained polypropylene film was 2.0 ⁇ m.
- Example 4 A polypropylene film was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the production equipment (longitudinal stretching-roll method, transverse stretching-tenter method) was used instead of the small research stretching apparatus. The thickness of the obtained polypropylene film was 2.0 ⁇ m.
- Example 5 A polypropylene film having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m was obtained under the same production conditions as in Example 1 except that the production conditions were changed to the conditions shown in Table 1.
- Comparative Example 2 A polypropylene film was obtained in the same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that production equipment (longitudinal stretching-roll method, transverse stretching-tenter method) was used instead of the small research stretching apparatus.
- the thickness of the obtained polypropylene film was 2.0 ⁇ m.
- Table 1 shows the production conditions of the polypropylene film.
- Table 2 shows the physical characteristics of the polypropylene resin used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- Table 3 shows various physical characteristics of the unstretched raw fabric sheets obtained in Examples 1, 2 and 5 and Comparative Examples 1, 3-8.
- Table 4 shows various physical characteristics of the polypropylene films obtained in Examples 1, 2 and 5 and Comparative Examples 1, 3-8.
- Table 5 shows the number of insulation defects in 1000 VDC of the polypropylene films obtained in Examples 3 and 4 and Comparative Example 2.
- the free volume V F determined by positron annihilation lifetime measurement at 120 ° C. is not more 0.250Nm 3 or less, the relative free volume V F (120) ⁇ I 3 (120) ⁇ 1/100 is 0. It was found that the polypropylene film having 0430 nm 3 or less suppresses leakage current, has excellent withstand voltage resistance, and suppresses the occurrence of insulation defects even in a high voltage environment at 120 ° C. (Table). 4, see Table 5). Further, as can be seen from the comparison between the examples shown in Table 3 and the comparative examples, various physical properties such as the free volume and the relative free volume of the unstretched raw fabric sheet itself are also important for obtaining a desired polypropylene film. You can see that.
- the amorphous portion that serves as the path of the electric current has high density and low molecular motility. It is considered that this makes it difficult for the minute current flowing through the amorphous portion in the film to flow even in the high electric field region where Ohm's law does not hold, and as a result, the volume resistivity is improved. Further, the polypropylene film obtained in the examples has a small free volume and a relative free volume, and the amorphous portion has high density, so that it is easy to suppress a rapidly increasing current when a high temperature and a high voltage are applied. As a result, it is considered that the withstand voltage resistance of the film is improved.
- the polypropylene film obtained in the examples has a small free volume and a relative free volume, and has a high density of an amorphous portion, so that there are few defects. As a result, it is considered that the fracture starting from the defect and the rapid increase in the current are suppressed, and the number of insulation defects is reduced.
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Abstract
Description
項1
コンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムであって、
120℃での陽電子消滅寿命測定により求められる自由体積VF(120)が0.250nm3以下であり、
前記120℃での陽電子消滅寿命測定により導かれる陽電子寿命スペクトルを3つの成分にピーク分離して、各ピークにおける消滅寿命時間(ns)をτ1、τ2及びτ3(τ1<τ2<τ3)とし、τ1、τ2及びτ3に対応するピーク強度割合(%)をそれぞれI1(120)(%)、I2(120)(%)及びI3(120)(%)(I1(120)+I2(120)+I3(120)=100%)とした場合に、VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100で表される相対自由体積が0.0430nm3以下である、コンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム。
項2
片面又は両面に金属膜が形成されている、項1に記載のコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム。
項3
項1又は2に記載のコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを備える、コンデンサ。
本発明のコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムは、120℃での陽電子消滅寿命測定により求められる自由体積VF(120)が0.250nm3以下であり、相対自由体積VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100が0.0430nm3以下である。ここで、相対自由体積VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100とは、前記120℃での陽電子消滅寿命測定により導かれる陽電子寿命スペクトルを3つの成分にピーク分離して、各ピークにおける消滅寿命時間(ns)をτ1、τ2及びτ3(τ1<τ2<τ3)とし、τ1、τ2及びτ3に対応するピーク強度割合(%)をそれぞれI1(120)(%)、I2(120)(%)及びI3(120)(%)(I1(120)+I2(120)+I3(120)=100%)とした場合において、前記自由体積VF(120)と前記I3との積を100で除した値(VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100)を意味する。以下、本発明に係るコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを単に「本発明のポリプロピレンフィルム」と表記する。
装置:HLC-8321GPC/HT(検出器:示差屈折計(RI))(東ソー株式会社製)
カラム:TSKgel guardcolumnHHR(30)HT(7.5mmI.D.×7.5cm)を1本と、TSKgel GMHHR-H(20)HT(7.8mmI.D.×30cm)を3本使用(東ソー株式会社製)
溶離液:BHT(0.05%)を含む1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼンを使用(富士フィルム和光純薬製GPC用)
流速:1.0mL/分
検出条件:polarity-(-)
注入量:0.3mL
カラム温度:140℃
システム温度:40℃
試料濃度:1mg/mL
試料前処理:試料を秤量し、溶媒(0.1%のBHTを添加した1,2,4-トリクロロベンゼン)を加えて140℃で1時間振盪溶解させる。その後、0.5μmの焼結フィルタで加熱濾過する。
検量線は、東ソー株式会社製の標準ポリスチレンを用いた5次近似曲線の検量線を作成する。ただし,分子量はQ-ファクターを用いてポリプロピレンの分子量へ換算する。得られた検量線およびSECクロマトグラムより、測定装置用の解析ソフトウェアを用いて数平均分子量(Mn)及び重量平均分子量(Mw)を得る。このMwとMnの値を用いて分子量分布(Mw/Mn)を得ることができる。
測定装置:マイクロメリティックス乾式自動密度計 アキュピック II1340(株式会社島津製作所製)
測定天秤:分析天秤 XSE205DUV(メトラー・トレド株式会社製)
充填ガス:He(純度99.999%以上)
測定温度:23℃
一般的に、オームの法則が成立する範囲内においては、どのような電圧で測定しても体積抵抗率は一定になる。しかしながら、オームの法則が成立しない領域(高電界領域)では、測定時の電圧に応じて体積抵抗率は、異なることになる。具体的には、測定時の電圧が高くなるほど(電位傾度が高くなるほど)、抵抗値は低くなることになる。
本発明では、電位傾度を一定として体積抵抗率を求めるため、たとえば、複数種類のフィルムの体積抵抗率を測定した場合に、従来方法では、同一桁数であるからほぼ同一の体積抵抗率であると評価されていたものについて、明確に異なる値を出すことが可能である。従来のような低い電位傾度(例えば100V/μm以下)では高電界領域の電気特性が正確に測定できないのに対し、本明細書の開示される体積抵抗率の測定方法は、上述のように精度が高いものである。
本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法は、120℃での自由体積VF(120)及び相対自由体積(VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100)が前述の特定の値を有する限り、特に限定されない。自由体積VF(120)及び相対自由体積(VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100)を所望の範囲に調節しやすいという点で、本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムは、未延伸原反シートを用いて製造することが好ましい。具体的に、本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムの製造方法は、未延伸原反シートを延伸処理する工程を備えることができる。以下、この製造方法を「製造方法A」と略記する。
製造方法Aで使用する未延伸原反シートを製造する方法は特に限定されず、例えば、公知の方法を広く適用することができる。例えば、前述したポリプロピレン樹脂を含む原料を押出成形することで、未延伸原反シートを得ることができる。未延伸原反シートを得るためのポリプロピレン樹脂は、例えば、ペレット形状とすることができ、具体的には、ポリプロピレン樹脂ペレット、ドライ混合されたポリプロピレン樹脂ペレット(及び/又は重合粉)あるいは、予め溶融混練して作製した混合ポリプロピレン樹脂ペレットを使用することができる。ポリプロピレン樹脂を含む原料に含まれるポリプロピレン樹脂は、1種単独であってもよいし、異なる2種以上であってもよい。ポリプロピレン樹脂を含む原料に含まれるポリプロピレン樹脂が異なる2種以上である場合、それらの種類は特に限定されず、種々のポリプロピレン樹脂を組み合わせることができる。例えば、アイソタクチックポリプロピレンと、長鎖分岐ポリプロピレンとの組み合わせが挙げられる。この場合、長鎖分岐ポリプロピレンの種類は特に限定されず、例えば、コンデンサ用のポリプロピレンフィルムに用いられている公知の長鎖分岐ポリプロピレンを広く適用することができる。なお、ポリプロピレン樹脂を含む原料は、その他成分を含むこともできる。ポリプロピレン樹脂以外の樹脂は、前述の「添加剤」が例示される。ポリプロピレン樹脂を含む原料の調製方法は特に限定されず、例えば、公知の混合手段を広く採用することができる。
ドラフト比=dVWt/Q
により計算される。
製造方法Aにおいて、未延伸原反シートを延伸処理するにあたっては、縦及び横に二軸に配向させる二軸延伸を採用する。この延伸方法としては、同時又は逐次の二軸延伸法が挙げられるが、本発明では逐次二軸延伸法が好ましい。延伸処理のために使用する装置も特に限定されず、公知の延伸処理装置を広く採用することができる。例えば、研究用小型延伸機を使用してもよいし、生産用設備を使用してもよい。生産用設備を使用する場合、例えば、ロールで縦延伸をし、テンター内で横延伸する方法でポリプロピレンフィルムを製造する。研究用小型延伸機を使用する場合、テンター内で縦延伸と横延伸をする方法でポリプロピレンフィルムを製造する。いずれの延伸処理装置を使用した場合であっても、本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムを得ることができる。また、研究用小型延伸機及び生産用設備のいずれを使用する場合であっても、製膜条件は同じである。以下、生産用設備を使用した場合を例に説明する。
構成a)
未延伸原反シートの製造におけるTダイ温度が210℃以上230℃以下(好ましくは215℃以上225℃以下)であること、
構成b)
未延伸原反シートの製造におけるエアーナイフのエア温度が35℃以下(好ましくは15℃以上35℃以下、より好ましくは20℃以上25℃以下)であること、
構成c)
未延伸原反シートの製造における金属ドラムでの冷却温度が0℃以上17℃以下(好ましくは0℃以上15℃以下)であること、
構成d)
未延伸原反シートの製造におけるドラフト比が7.5以上10.0以下(好ましくは8.0以上9.5以下)であること、及び、
構成e)
未延伸原反シートを延伸処理した後の最大面積倍率が50倍以上56倍以下(好ましくは53倍以上55倍以下)であること
これらを兼ね備えることで、ポリプロピレンフィルムの自由体積及び相対自由体積を所望の範囲に調節することが極めて容易になり、結果として、コンデンサに特に優れた耐電圧性、耐久性及び信頼性をもたらすことができる。
本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムは、片面又は両面に金属膜が形成されていてもよい。なお、本明細書において、片面又は両面に金属膜が形成されたポリプロピレンフィルムを「コンデンサ用金属化フィルム」と表記する。
本発明のコンデンサは、前述の本発明のコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを備える。特には、本発明のコンデンサは、前記コンデンサ用金属化フィルムを備えることが好ましい。本発明のコンデンサのその他の構成は、本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムを備える限りは特に限定されない。例えば、本発明のポリプロピレンフィルムを備える限りは、その他の構成は公知のコンデンサと同様とすることができる。
ポリプロピレンフィルム及び未延伸原反シートの自由体積及び相対自由体積をそれぞれ、陽電子消滅寿命測定により以下の手順で計測した。
<ポリプロピレンフィルムの120℃での自由体積及び相対自由体積>
ポリプロピレンフィルムの1cm角の切断片を30枚重ねて得られる積層体を2組用意する。このとき、積層体の厚みは約1mmとなるようにした。次いで、陽電子線源の両面を前記2組の積層体でポリプロピレンフィルムの厚み方向に挟み、全体をアルミニウム箔で包んでサンプルを作製した。前記陽電子線源は、2枚のカプトンフィルムに22Naを挟み込んで密閉した円板片とした。陽電子消滅寿命測定で使用するシンチレータはフッ化バリウムを、オシロスコープはテレダインレクロイジャパン社製「Wave Runner 62Xi」を、光電増倍管は浜松ホトニクス社製「H6610MOD」を、光電増倍管用高圧電源は林栄精器社製「RPH-033」を用いた。陽電子線源としては22Naを使用した。測定温度は120℃、測定時間は86400秒とした。
未延伸原反シートの自由体積及び相対自由体積の測定では、測定に使用する積層体を未延伸原反シートの1cm角の切断片を5枚重ねることで得るようにしたこと以外は、前記ポリプロピレンフィルムの自由体積及び相対自由体積の測定方法と同様の方法で、陽電子寿命スペクトルを得た。得られた陽電子寿命スペクトルについて、フィッティングソフト(PALSfit)を用いて陽電子寿命スペクトルを3つの成分にピーク分離し、分離した各ピークにおける消滅寿命時間(ns)をτ´1、τ´2及びτ´3(τ´1<τ´2<τ´3)とし、τ´1、τ´2及びτ´3に対応するピーク強度割合(%)をそれぞれI´1(120)(%)、I´2(120)(%)及びI´3(120)(%)(ただし、I´1(120)+I´2(120)+I´3(120)=100%)とした。続いて、前記ポリプロピレンフィルムの自由体積及び相対自由体積の測定方法と同様、前記式(1)で表されるNakanishi-Jeanの式を用いて、第3成分ピークの自由体積半径R´3(nm)を算出し、次いで、前記式(2)を用いて、未延伸原反シートの自由体積V´F(120)(nm3)及び相対自由体積V´F(120)×I´3(120)×1/100(nm3)を求めた。ただし、前記式(1)において、τ3をτ´3と読み替え、VF(120)をV´F(120)(nm3)と読み替え、R3をR´3(nm)と読み替えた。
測定温度を20℃に変更したこと以外は、前記未延伸原反シートの120℃での自由体積及び相対自由体積の測定方法と同様の方法で、未延伸原反シートの自由体積V´F(20)(nm3)及び相対自由体積V´F(20)×I´3(20)×1/100(nm3)を求めた。
固体NMR測定により、未延伸原反シートの120℃における非晶成分の緩和時間T2Hを測定した。測定装置はブルカー・オプティクス社製「Minispec mq20」を用いた。測定条件は、観測核を1H、パルスモードをSolid-Echo法、測定温度を120℃とした。測定により得られたスピン-スピン緩和(T2H)の自由誘導減衰(FID)より、3つの成分の緩和(緩和の速い成分A:結晶相、緩和の遅い成分C:非晶相、緩和の中間成分B:結晶-非晶相界面)を分離し、下記式(4)より各成分の緩和時間T2Hを算出し、非晶成分の緩和時間T2H、Cを求めた。
未延伸原反シートの120℃における誘電正接tanδを動的粘弾性(DMA)測定により求めた。測定装置は、UBM社製「Rheogel-E4000」を用いた。測定サンプルは、横方向3mm×縦方向30mmに切り出して作製した。測定条件は、温度周波数依存で自動静荷重、引張モードとし、測定温度は-150℃~150℃、昇温速度3℃/min、周波数は8Hz、チャック間距離20mmで測定を行った。
JIS C2151(2006)17.2.2(平板電極法)記載の電極構成にて、下記の試験条件により、ポリプロピレンフィルムの絶縁破壊電圧(BDV)を16回測定した。なお、昇圧中に下記の上限基準値の漏れ電流を検知した時点での印加電圧をBDVとした。BDVを、フィルムの厚み(μm)で割り、16回の測定結果中の上位2点および下位2点を除いた12点の平均値を、ポリプロピレンフィルムの絶縁破壊強さ(VDC/μm)とした。測定条件の詳細は下記の通りとした。
試験片:約150mm×150mm
試験片の状態調節:乾燥機内において雰囲気条件下で30分保持
電源:直流
雰囲気:空気中、120℃
試験機:菊水電子工業社製「DC耐電圧/絶縁抵抗試験機TOS9213AS」
電圧上昇速度:100V/s
電流検出応答速度:MID
上限基準値:5mA
次の手順によりポリプロピレンフィルムの体積抵抗率を測定した。まず、120℃環境の恒温槽に、体積抵抗率測定用治具(以下、単に、治具ともいう)を配置した。治具の構成は下記の通りとした。また、治具には、直流電源、直流電流計を接続した。
<体積抵抗率測定用治具>
主電極(直径50mm)
対電極(直径85mm)
主電極を囲う環状のガード電極(外径80mm、内径70mm)
体積抵抗率=[(有効電極面積)×(印加電圧)]/[(試料の厚さ)×(電流値)]
により体積抵抗率を算出した。ただし、電極の有効電極面積は、下記式
(有効電極面積)=π×[[[(主電極の直径)+(ガード電極の内径)]/2]/2]2
により求めた。体積抵抗率の具体的な測定手順は上記の通りであるが、その他、特に記載のない条件はJIS C 2139-3-1:2018に準拠して測定を実施した。
巻出し-巻取り機構をもつ絶縁欠陥検査装置を用いて、ポリプロピレンフィルムの絶縁欠陥個数(個/10m2)を測定した。高電圧電極とアースした金属ローラの間に、試験対象のポリプロピレンフィルムを通してフィルムを走行させ、その際に直流電圧を印加し、絶縁欠陥部で生じる放電の数を装置付帯のカウンターにて計測した。計測数を測定面積で除して、フィルムの絶縁欠陥個数(個/10m2)を算出した。測定条件は、下記の通りとした。
・高電圧電極とアースした金属ローラとの間隔:50μm
・フィルムがアースした金属ローラと接する抱き角度:120°
・高電圧電極の形状:厚さ4mmで金属ローラと同じ幅の金属板
・巻出し速度:20m/min
・直流電圧:1000V
・測定面積:500m2
・試験環境温度:20℃
図1に示すように下部電極1及び上部電極2を用いて、両電極間に測定用のポリプロピレンフィルムS(280mm×150mm)を挟み込み、当該フィルムSの5000VDCにおける累積の絶縁破壊点数密度を測定した。
上記のよう製作した下部電極1のポリプロピレンシート11側の面上に、測定用のポリプロピレンフィルムSを載置した。このとき、測定用のポリプロピレンフィルムSは、窓部を通じて露出している下部電極1の積層体10(具体的には、積層体のアルミニウム箔)の全面に接するようにした。
後掲の表1に示す製造条件にて、下記の手順で未延伸原反シートを成形し、該未延伸原反シートを用いて、二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
未延伸原反シートの成形
ポリプロピレン樹脂A(ボレアリス社製、「HC300BF」)を押出機へ供給し、230℃で溶融してTダイで押出した後(Tダイ温度=225℃、エア温度=20℃)、表面温度(キャスト温度)を15℃に保持した金属ドラムにドラフト比8.1で巻きつけて冷却、固化させた。これにより、厚さ350μmの未延伸原反シート(キャスト原反シート)を得た。
得られた未延伸原反シートを、ブルックナー社製「バッチ式二軸延伸機KARO IV」を用いた二軸延伸により、二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。具体的に、165℃で予熱した後、縦延伸温度165℃、延伸速度600%/秒で縦方向(MD方向)に5.1倍に延伸した。次いで、横方向(TD方向)に延伸する前に165℃で予熱した後、横延伸温度165℃、延伸速度300%/秒で横方向(TD方向)に10.6倍に延伸することで、最大面積倍率を54.1倍とした。さらにその後、緩和処理によって横方向(TD方向)を10倍へ緩和した。緩和処理の温度は165℃、緩和処理の時間は5秒とした。これにより、厚さが7μmであるポリプロピレンフィルムが得られた。
ポリプロピレン樹脂Aをポリプロピレン樹脂B(大韓油化社製、「S802M」)に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の製造条件にて厚さ7μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
研究用小型延伸装置の代わりに生産設備(縦延伸-ロール方式、横延伸-テンター方式)を用いたこと以外は、実施例1と同様にしてポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。得られたポリプロピレンフィルム厚さは2.0μmであった。
研究用小型延伸装置の代わりに生産設備(縦延伸-ロール方式、横延伸-テンター方式)を用いたこと以外は、実施例2と同様にしてポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。得られたポリプロピレンフィルム厚さは2.0μmであった。
製造条件を表1に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の製造条件にて厚さ7μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
ポリプロピレン樹脂Aをポリプロピレン樹脂B(プライムポリマー社製、「RF1268B」)に変更し、製造条件を表1に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の製造条件にて厚さ7μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
研究用小型延伸装置の代わりに生産設備(縦延伸-ロール方式、横延伸-テンター方式)を用いたこと以外は、比較例1と同様にしてポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。得られたポリプロピレンフィルム厚さは2.0μmであった。
製造条件を表1に示す条件に変更したこと以外は、実施例1と同様の製造条件にて厚さ7μmのポリプロピレンフィルムを得た。
Claims (3)
- コンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムであって、
120℃での陽電子消滅寿命測定により求められる自由体積VF(120)が0.250nm3以下であり、
前記120℃での陽電子消滅寿命測定により導かれる陽電子寿命スペクトルを3つの成分にピーク分離して、各ピークにおける消滅寿命時間(ns)をτ1、τ2及びτ3(τ1<τ2<τ3)とし、τ1、τ2及びτ3に対応するピーク強度割合(%)をそれぞれI1(120)(%)、I2(120)(%)及びI3(120)(%)(I1(120)+I2(120)+I3(120)=100%)とした場合に、VF(120)×I3(120)×1/100で表される相対自由体積が0.0430nm3以下である、コンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム。 - 片面又は両面に金属膜が形成されている、請求項1に記載のコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム。
- 請求項1又は2に記載のコンデンサ用二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルムを備える、コンデンサ。
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| WO2024058078A1 (ja) * | 2022-09-16 | 2024-03-21 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム、金属化フィルム、及び、コンデンサ |
| JP7456535B1 (ja) | 2023-04-18 | 2024-03-27 | 王子ホールディングス株式会社 | 二軸延伸ポリプロピレンフィルム |
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