WO2020022512A1 - 外来抗原レセプター遺伝子導入細胞の製造方法 - Google Patents
外来抗原レセプター遺伝子導入細胞の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- It relates to a method for producing a cell into which a foreign T cell receptor or chimeric antigen receptor has been introduced.
- an antigen receptor gene such as a disease-specific T cell receptor (TCR) or a chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) is introduced into mature T cells and used for treating diseases.
- TCR disease-specific T cell receptor
- CAR chimeric antigen receptor
- a therapy using CAR-T cells into which CAR has been introduced has already been approved and has been used clinically.
- T cells derived from a patient are used as cells into which the gene is to be introduced, which is a so-called autotransplant system.
- the gene has been randomly introduced into the genome using a retrovirus or lentivirus.
- Patent Document 1 a method of introducing TCR at the level of pluripotent stem cells. This is a strategy to regenerate T cells from pluripotent stem cells and use them in cell therapy.
- a method for introducing a TCR into a CAR gene at the level of a pluripotent stem cell has also been proposed by M. @Sadelain (Patent Document 2 and Non-Patent Document 1).
- ReRecombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) method is known as a method for introducing a gene.
- a specific structure on a cell gene such as a cassette deck, that can be recombined into a foreign sequence (cassette tape) is inserted in the target cell in advance, and the cassette tape is prepared using a recombinant enzyme such as Cre or Flippase.
- Cre recombinant enzyme
- Cre Cre or Flippase
- a general strategy is to introduce the TCR gene and CAR gene into mature T cells.
- some of the present inventors have proposed a method of introducing TCR at the level of pluripotent stem cells (Patent Documents 3 to 5).
- a method for introducing a CAR gene has also been proposed.
- a method of randomly introducing the gene into a genome with a lentivirus or the like is adopted.
- a physiological expression pattern can be expected. Indeed, there are reports of introducing the CAR gene into an already reconstituted locus of mature T cells. Generally, cells have a TCR locus.
- TCR locus in cells other than T cells, gene rearrangement of the TCR locus does not occur. Therefore, when non-T cells are used as a material for cell therapy, they are not expressed simply by introducing a foreign TCR / CAR gene into the TCR locus. Further, it is expected that many types of TCR / CAR genes will be used, but if they are knocked into a desired region correctly each time, there is a problem of time and cost.
- the purpose of the present application is to provide a method for efficiently producing cells for cell therapy that stably express a foreign TCR gene or CAR gene.
- Another object of the present application is to provide a cell in which an empty cassette deck is set, which is used for introducing a “cassette” of a TCR gene or a CAR gene by the RMCE method.
- the present application provides a method for producing a cell into which an antigen receptor gene has been introduced, comprising a step of introducing a foreign TCR or CAR gene so that the cell is expressed under the control of the T cell receptor (TCR) expression control mechanism of the material cell.
- TCR T cell receptor
- the present application comprises a step of introducing a gene containing an exogenous TCR or CAR gene between the enhancer of the C region of the TCR gene of the material cell and the promoter of the V region so as to reduce the distance between the two. And a method for producing a cell into which an antigen receptor gene has been introduced.
- the promoter of the foreign V region, the gene containing the foreign TCR or CAR gene, and the enhancer of the V region and the enhancer of the C region are arranged in order from the upstream to the enhancer of the C region of the material cell TCR locus.
- a method for a cell into which an antigen receptor gene has been introduced which comprises a step of introducing the gene so as to be sufficiently close to exert the expression control function of the gene sandwiched therebetween.
- a gene containing an exogenous TCR or CAR gene and an exogenous C region enhancer is added to the material cell TCR locus downstream of the V region promoter in the order from the upstream to the V region promoter and the C region.
- the present invention provides a method comprising the step of introducing an enhancer so that the enhancer is close enough to exert the function of controlling the expression of a gene sandwiched therebetween.
- the present invention also provides a V cell promoter, a first drug resistance gene, a second drug resistance gene, And a material cell for introducing an antigen receptor, comprising the target sequence of the recombinase and the enhancer of the C region.
- the present application further provides a method for producing cell therapy cells, which comprises a step of inducing differentiation of a cell in which a foreign antigen receptor gene has been introduced into the TCR locus by the method of the present application into T cells.
- the method of the present application makes it possible to produce highly versatile cells that can be used as a material for cell therapy using cells that express TCR or CAR.
- a foreign TCR gene or CAR gene can be easily introduced into an antigen receptor-introducing material cell, and stable expression of the TCR / CAR gene in the final product is guaranteed. As a result, it becomes possible to efficiently and easily produce cells for immunotherapy expressing foreign TCR and CAR.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of TCR ⁇ and a schematic diagram of gene rearrangement at the TCR ⁇ locus.
- P indicates a promoter
- E indicates an enhancer.
- V-DJ reconstitution the recombination brings the enhancer and promoter closer together and TCR is expressed.
- P indicates a promoter
- E indicates an enhancer.
- a pBRBIIl-AscI_FRTPGKpac ⁇ tkpA_AscI vector having a mouse phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene promoter (pPGK) was used.
- Primer1 and Primer2 have the same sequence as the sequence-1 which is the DNA sequence at the 5 'side of the restriction enzyme cleavage site of the pBRMC1DTApA vector (B), and the sequence-2 which is the DNA sequence at the 3'-side, respectively. .
- the resulting PCR product has the same sequence at both ends as the sequence-1 and sequence-2 of the pBRMC1DTApA vector. According to the Gibson assembly method, the vector and the PCR product are linked to each other via the same sequence to form the structure (C).
- the sequence of the PGK vector (D) restriction enzyme cleavage site is identical to the sequence-3 and sequence-4.
- the DNA fragments were ligated to each other via the same sequence by the Gibson assembly method to obtain a drug resistance gene cassette vector for G (G). The sequence was confirmed after ligation to the vector.
- the figure which shows the acquisition procedure of 5 'and 3' arm and promoter DNA fragment for construction of the targeting vector for drug resistance gene cassette knock-in.
- each primer (Primer 5′-1 (1) and Primer 3′-1 (2) and Primer 5′-2 (3) and Primer 3′-2 (4) ) was designed, and DNA fragments used as 5 ′ arm and 3 ′ arm (FIG. 5) for constructing a targeting vector for drug resistance gene knock-in were obtained by PCR.
- Primers (F and R) were designed based on the DNA sequence of the human TCR ⁇ locus V region (B, right side), and a V ⁇ 20-1 promoter DNA fragment was similarly obtained. After ligation to the vector, the sequence of the DNA fragment obtained by PCR was confirmed and used in subsequent procedures.
- the drug resistance cassette vector (A) was cleaved with a restriction enzyme, and the 3 'arm DNA fragment (FIG. 4A) was introduced into the cleavage site by the Gibson assembly method (B). Similarly, a 5 'arm DNA fragment and a V ⁇ 20-1 promoter DNA fragment were introduced (C, D).
- the schematic diagram shows the human TCR ⁇ locus DJ region (upper), the drug resistance gene knock-in targeting vector (KI targeting vector) (middle), and the TCR ⁇ locus DJ region after homologous recombination (lower).
- CRISPR / Cas9n cuts each one of the double-stranded DNA (nick). The nick promotes homologous recombination.
- the 5 'arm and 3' arm portion of the KI targeting vector are replaced with the corresponding portions of the 5 'arm and 3' arm in the TCR ⁇ locus, together with the portion sandwiched between both arms.
- Primer2 (B) and primer3 (C) have a part of the TCR ⁇ sequence and most of the p2A sequence, a part of the TCR ⁇ sequence and a part of the p2A sequence, respectively.
- the p2A sequences have a 16 bp overlap (D).
- the TCR donor vector was obtained by ligating the vector and the PCR product via the overlapping portion by the Gibson assembly method (E). The sequence of the DNA fragment obtained by the PCR method was confirmed after ligation to the vector.
- Primer2 and Primer4 can be used for amplification of all human TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ , respectively.
- attL1 and attL2 were used for TCR cassette exchange vector construction (FIG. 8).
- the obtained PCR product was ligated by the Gibson) assembly method (Frt-PGK vector) (C) to the vector (B) cut with the restriction enzyme as in FIG.
- the Frt-PGK vector (C) is cleaved at the restriction enzyme recognition site designed inside primer1, and DNA1 having a cleavage end complementary to the cleavage end of the restriction enzyme is ligated thereto using a DNA binding enzyme.
- E Again, it is cleaved at the restriction enzyme recognition site designed in primer1, and DNA2 can be ligated to it in the same manner as DNA1.
- a plurality of arbitrary DNA fragments can be introduced between the lox2272 sequence and the frt sequence.
- the introduction can be performed by DNA ligation reaction or GibsonDassembly (DG).
- DG DNA ligation reaction or GibsonDassembly
- the RfA cassette containing the attR1-ccdb-attR2 DNA cut out from the CSIV-TRE-RfA-CMV-KT vector with the restriction enzymes NheI and XhoI was used to cut Ftr-PGK cut with the restriction enzymes NheI and XhoI as shown in FIGS. 8D to 8G.
- Vector (A) was ligated with DNA ligase (B).
- the poly-A addition sequence was obtained from the plasmid using a restriction enzyme (C).
- the intron sequence was obtained by the PCR method so as to have an exon part without a translation initiation codon before and after (E).
- the sequence of the DNA fragment obtained by the PCR method was confirmed after ligation to the vector.
- Schematic diagram of the procedure for preparing a TCR cassette exchange vector The upper row shows the pre-cassette exchange vector 3, the middle row shows the TCR donor vector, and the lower row shows the TCR cassette exchange vector.
- the attR1 sequence and the attR2 sequence recombine with the attL2 sequence, and the portion sandwiched between them is exchanged (lower row).
- the attR1 (2) sequence becomes an attB1 (2) sequence by recombination with the attL1 (2) sequence.
- FIG. 1 Schematic diagram of the procedure for exchanging a drug resistance gene cassette and a TCR cassette (production of Tur cassette exchanged Jurkat cells).
- the schematic diagram shows the human TCR ⁇ locus DJ region after homologous recombination (upper), the TCR cassette exchange vector (middle), and the human TCR ⁇ locus D ⁇ 2 region after cassette exchange (lower).
- Cre recombinase promotes recombination between lox2272 and loxP.
- a portion sandwiched between the lox2272 sequence and the loxP sequence is exchanged (cassette exchange). After the cassette exchange, expression of the puromycin resistance gene is started.
- the upper row is the wild type (WT) of Jurkat cells.
- TCR is not expressed in cells without FLP expression after cassette exchange (middle row).
- TCR expression was observed in FLP-expressed cells (lower row), and ganciclovir selection significantly reduced the proportion of the population not expressing TCR as compared to FIG.
- A shows the site cleaved by CRISPR / Cas9 in the human TCR ⁇ region and the sequence site of each primer.
- B A schematic diagram of the drug resistance gene targeting vector and the sequence site of each primer are shown.
- C Electrophoresis photograph of PCR products using each primer to confirm knock-in of the drug resistance gene cassette.
- Primers are designed based on the DNA sequences of the human TCR ⁇ locus V ⁇ region (A) and C ⁇ 2 region, and DNA used as a 5 ′ arm and a 3 ′ arm (FIG. 18) for constructing a targeting vector for drug resistance gene knock-in Fragments are obtained by the PCR method. After ligation to the vector, the sequence of the DNA fragment obtained by PCR is confirmed and used in subsequent procedures.
- the drug resistance cassette vector is cleaved with a restriction enzyme, and the 3 'arm DNA fragment is introduced into the cleavage site by the Gibson's assembly method. Similarly, a 5 'arm DNA fragment is introduced. As a result, a targeting vector for knock-in of drug resistance gene is obtained.
- Example 3 The schematic diagram of Example 3 in which the region between the V ⁇ 20-1 gene and the C ⁇ 2 gene in the human TCR ⁇ locus where gene rearrangement has not occurred is removed.
- the upper row shows the TCR ⁇ locus and the target site of CRISPR / Cas9n. Two target sites were provided for each of the V ⁇ 20-1 gene and the C ⁇ 2 gene (vertical line).
- the lower row shows the TCR ⁇ locus and the junction site after the intergenic region has been removed.
- the vertical line indicates the connection site between the V ⁇ 20-1 gene and the C ⁇ 2 gene.
- the result of Example 3 is shown.
- FIG. 21A shows the results of FACS analysis of a cell group into which no gene has been introduced (left) and a cell group into which the gene has been introduced (right). Among the transfected cells, a cell group that highly expresses EGFP was sorted by sorting (circled part).
- FIG. 21B shows the TCR ⁇ locus after the 180 kbp region has been removed. Arrows indicate forward and reverse primers. The vertical line indicates the connection site between the removed genes.
- FIG. 21C is an electrophoretic photograph of a PCR reaction product performed using genomic DNA of each cloned cell.
- 21D is a portion of the DNA sequence of the PCR reaction product of clone # 10 (SEQ ID NO: 51). The area of about 180 kbp is now 6 bp. Underlined (straight line) portion: V ⁇ 20-1 side sequence, underlined (broken line) portion: C ⁇ 2 side sequence. Originally, there was about 180 kbp between the two, and it became 6 bp. Schematic representation of an example of knock-in of a drug resistance cassette deck into the D ⁇ 2 region of the human iPS cell TCR ⁇ locus D ⁇ 2. Schematic diagram of an example of cassette tape exchange on iPS cells. deficiency embodiment of Puro r .DELTA.Tk site of cassette exchange TCR-iPS cells on iPS cells.
- FIG. 25 shows antigen-specific cytotoxic activity.
- Cre recombinase promotes recombination between lox2272 and loxP.
- A Schematic diagram of the TCR ⁇ locus D ⁇ 2 region incorporating the TCR2 (upper) or TCR1 (lower) gene. The arrangement of four types of primers used in the PCR reaction is shown.
- B Analysis by PCR of the PCR reaction product for each primer combination.
- PCR1 represents the analysis results of the PCR performed using the respective genomic DNAs of the TCR2 introduced ⁇ Jurkat cells
- PCR2 represents the Jurkat-TCR1 cells ⁇
- PCR3 represents the cells obtained by introducing the TCR2 cassette exchange vector into the Jurkat-TCR1 cells. Show.
- FIG. 1 shows an outline of the mechanism of the rearrangement and expression of the TCR ⁇ gene.
- TCR / CAR gene When the reconstituted TCR of T cells is replaced with a foreign reconstituted TCR gene or CAR gene (hereinafter collectively referred to as TCR / CAR gene), the introduced TCR / CAR gene is expressed under the TCR gene expression control mechanism. Is done. However, simply introducing the TCR / CAR gene into the TCR locus in the genome of a cell in which gene rearrangement has not occurred does not function the original TCR expression control mechanism.
- the TCR expression control mechanism operates only when the V promoter and the C enhancer come close to each other. That is, the present application provides a method for expressing a foreign antigen receptor gene in a material cell by knocking in a foreign TCR / CAR gene in such a manner that the V promoter and the C enhancer are brought close to each other.
- antigen receptor gene means a TCR gene or a CAR gene.
- the exogenous TCR gene or exogenous CAR gene is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately selected from those known as reconstituted TCR genes and those known as CAR genes.
- a TCR gene may be amplified from a T cell specific for an antigen to be targeted for cell therapy by a known method and used, or a CAR gene for a target antigen may be constructed.
- chimeric antigen receptor refers to a cytoplasmic signaling domain comprising an antigen binding domain, a transmembrane domain and a cytoplasmic sequence of a CD3 ⁇ sequence sufficient to stimulate a T cell when bound to an antigen;
- costimulatory proteins that provide costimulation of T cells when the antigen binding domain binds to the antigen (eg, CD27, CD28, 4-1BB, Specific for OX40, CD30, CD40L, CD40
- a foreign TCR / CAR gene is introduced into a material cell capable of inducing differentiation into T cells in which gene rearrangement of the TCR locus has not occurred.
- the following three methods can be used to express a material cell under the TCR gene expression control mechanism: (1) A gene containing a foreign TCR / CAR gene is introduced between the enhancer of the C region of the TCR gene of the material cell and the promoter of the V region so as to shorten the distance between the two (FIG. 2-1).
- the promoter in the V region and the enhancer in the C region are sufficiently close to exhibit the expression control function of the gene sandwiched therebetween” means that the promoter in the V region is controlled by the enhancer in the C region.
- the distance between the two is not particularly limited.
- the distance between the promoter in the V region and the enhancer in the C region after introduction of the foreign TCR / CAR gene may be, for example, about 8 to 50 kbp, about 10 to 40 kbp, about 12 to 32 kbp, or about 14 to 22 kbp. Is exemplified.
- cells in which the TCR locus has not been rearranged and which can induce differentiation into T cells are preferably used.
- “Cells in which TCR locus gene rearrangement has not occurred and are capable of inducing differentiation into T cells” include (1) cells in which TCR locus rearrangement has not occurred, and (2) differentiation into T cells. It is necessary to satisfy three requirements: a cell that can be induced, and (3) a cell that can withstand the selection process at the time of genetic modification.
- Such cells include pluripotent stem cells, such as ES cells and iPS cells, and leukocyte stem cells.
- pluripotent stem cells are stem cells having pluripotency capable of differentiating into many cells existing in a living body and having a self-proliferating ability.
- Pluripotent stem cells include, for example, embryonic stem (ES) cells, cloned embryo-derived embryonic stem (ntES) cells obtained by nuclear transfer, sperm stem cells (“GS cells”), embryonic germ cells (“EG cells”). )), Induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells, cultured fibroblasts and pluripotent cells derived from bone marrow stem cells (Muse cells).
- ES cells and iPS cells are preferably used.
- iPS cells are preferably used.
- iPS cells In view of producing a cell bank for a therapeutic method using cells derived from a human having a specific HLA, it is preferable to use iPS cells.
- IPS cells may be derived from somatic cells at any site.
- Methods for inducing iPS cells from somatic cells are known, and iPS cells can be obtained by introducing Yamanaka factor into somatic cells (Takahashi and Yamanaka, Cell 126, 663-673 (2006), Takahashi et al., Cell 131, 861-872 (2007) and Grskovic et al., Nat. Rev. Drug Dscov. 10, 915-929 (2011)).
- the factor used for inducing iPS cells is not limited to the Yamanaka factor, and any factor or means known to those skilled in the art may be used.
- TCR / CAR gene into the material cells may be performed in a single operation or in multiple stages.
- Conventional recombination techniques for example, homologous recombination techniques, genome editing techniques, and techniques using a combination of recombinases such as Cre and Flippase can also be used.
- the TCR locus for introducing the TCR / CAR gene on the material cell genome may be TCR ⁇ or TCR ⁇ . Under the expression control system of one gene, both the reconstituted TCR ⁇ gene and TCR ⁇ gene may be introduced. Alternatively, the TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ genes may be introduced into the TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ loci, respectively.
- the cassette deck / cassette tape system can be used to introduce the TCR / CAR gene.
- a so-called Recombinase Mediated Cassette Exchange (RMCE) method using a combination of a recombinant enzyme such as Cre / lox and Flipase (FLP) / Frt and its target sequence can be used.
- RMCE Recombinase Mediated Cassette Exchange
- FLP Flipase
- a cassette containing a TCR / CAR gene may be introduced into a material cell from the beginning, or a cassette containing a drug resistance gene may be introduced first to construct a cassette deck, and then a cassette tape of a foreign TCR / CAR gene may be inserted. May be introduced. That is, a cassette deck is incorporated under physiological control of the TCR locus, and then various types of TCR / CAR can be introduced into one type of material cell by this method.
- the present application provides, in order from the upstream, a promoter sequence of a TCR locus V region, a drug resistance gene or a reporter gene or a known TCR or CAR gene, and an enhancer sequence of a TCR locus C region in a TCR locus of a material cell genome.
- a material cell for introducing a foreign antigen receptor gene is provided.
- the target sequence (i) of the recombinase is present between the promoter sequence of the V region of the TCR locus and the drug resistance gene or reporter gene or the known TCR or CAR gene, and the drug resistance gene or the reporter gene or foreign gene is present. It may have a target sequence (ii) of the recombinant enzyme different from (i) between the TCR or CAR gene and the enhancer sequence of the C region of the TCR locus.
- a foreign TCR / CAR gene is introduced so as to exchange with a drug resistance gene, a reporter gene or a known TCR or CAR gene (cassette exchange). ). Whether the cassette exchange was successful can be selected as a negative control using cells selected using the drug resistance gene, reporter gene, known TCR or CAR gene as an index.
- a drug resistance gene cells that have not undergone cassette exchange with a foreign TCR / CAR gene are selected by culturing in the presence of a drug having the gene resistance.
- a reporter gene cells in which cassette exchange has not occurred can be removed by selecting cells in which the gene is expressed.
- cells without cassette exchange can be removed using an antibody or tetramer specific to the gene.
- the present application relates to a TCR locus of a material cell genome, a V promoter sequence of a TCR locus from upstream, a first recombination, A target sequence of the enzyme (i), a promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, A material cell for introducing an antigen receptor gene having a target sequence (ii) of a recombinase, a second drug resistance gene, a target sequence of the second recombinase and an enhancer sequence of the C region of the TCR locus is provided.
- the term "recombinase” refers to an enzyme that induces site-specific recombination, and the target sequence of the recombinase is recognized by the recombinase and deleted between the two target sequences, Refers to a sequence capable of inducing integration and inversion. Examples of combinations of the recombinant enzyme and its target sequence include Cre and loxP and derivatives thereof, FLP and frt, clonase and attB / attP / attL / attR, and the like.
- the first recombinase used may be a plurality of recombination target sequences, each of which is a recombination target specific to each recombination target sequence.
- Cre as the enzyme
- loxP lox2272
- lox511, loxFas as the target sequence.
- Cre recombination between each identical target sequence is promoted.
- the sequence flanked by lox2272 and loxP in the material cell genome can be exchanged with the sequence flanked by lox2272 and loxP on the vector.
- the combination of the second recombinase and its target sequence is not particularly limited as long as it does not have cross-reactivity with the first recombinase, and for example, an FLP / frt system is exemplified. .
- the “enhancer of the C region of the TCR locus” and the “promoter of the V region of the TCR locus” are sequences obtained from cells derived from other individuals of animals of the same species as the material cells, even if the sequences are derived from the material cells. Or a sequence obtained from a cell derived from another animal.
- the promoter that can be expressed in the material cell is not particularly limited as long as it is a promoter that can induce the expression of the drug resistance gene linked in the material cell. Examples include, but are not limited to, cytomegalovirus (CMV) promoter, simian virus 40 (SV40) promoter, phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) promoter, and the like.
- CMV cytomegalovirus
- SV40 simian virus 40
- PGK phosphoglycerate kinase
- PGK mouse phosphoglycerate kinase gene promoter
- pPGK mouse phosphoglycerate kinase
- the drug resistance gene a known drug resistance gene that can function as a marker in a material cell may be used, and examples thereof include resistance genes to hygromycin, puromycin, neomycin and the like.
- the combination is not particularly limited as long as there is no cross-reactivity between the first and second drug resistance genes.
- a polyA sequence is preferably connected downstream of the drug resistance gene.
- the second drug resistance gene is preferably a fusion gene having a drug sensitivity gene downstream thereof.
- the drug susceptibility gene refers to a gene which, when expressed, is capable of inducing apoptosis of a cell by reacting with a substance added from the outside.
- a drug sensitivity gene a known gene may be appropriately selected and used, and is not particularly limited.
- the thymidine kinase gene of herpes simplex virus or varicella-zoster virus is exemplified.
- Ganciclovir is exemplified as an agent that induces apoptosis in cells into which such a gene has been incorporated.
- the second drug resistance gene is preferably one in which the start codon has been removed to avoid expression before cassette exchange.
- FIGS. 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 As a method for preparing a cassette deck for inserting a so-called “empty cassette” into the TCR locus of this material cell, three methods shown in FIGS. 2-1, 2-2 and 2-3 can be considered.
- the sequence corresponding to the “empty cassette” is exemplified by a drug resistance gene, a reporter gene, a known TCR or a CAR gene. These genes may be flanked by target sequences (i) and (ii) of the recombinase.
- the “empty cassette” of the material cell for antigen receptor gene introduction having a two-step confirmation mechanism includes a target sequence (i) of the first recombinant enzyme, a promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, A first drug resistance gene ligated to be expressed under a promoter sequence that can be expressed in (i), a target sequence (ii) of a first recombinase different from (i), a second drug resistance gene and a second drug resistance gene.
- a sequence including a target sequence of the recombinase is exemplified.
- V promoter sequence of the TCR locus and an “empty cassette” are introduced into the TCR locus of the material cell genome in order from the upstream so that the V promoter region is sufficiently close to the C enhancer of the material cell.
- Fig. 2-3 An “empty cassette” and the C enhancer sequence of the TCR locus are sequentially arranged from the upstream to the downstream of the V promoter region of the TCR locus in the material cell genome. How to get closer.
- the “empty cassette” is a target sequence (i) of the first recombinase, a promoter sequence that can be expressed in a material cell, a promoter that can be expressed in the material cell.
- a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under the sequence, a target sequence of a first recombinase different from (i), a second drug resistance gene and a target of a second recombinase The method in an embodiment which is a sequence including a sequence will be described in detail.
- step (a) in order from the upstream, the V region promoter sequence of the TCR locus, the target sequence (i) of the first recombinant enzyme, a promoter sequence that can be expressed in a material cell, and an expression that can be expressed in a material cell
- a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under a unique promoter sequence, a target sequence (ii) of a first recombinase different from (i), a second drug resistance gene, and a second recombination Preparing a vector containing a drug resistance gene cassette containing a target sequence of the enzyme, (B) a step of knocking in the material cell a sequence containing from the V region promoter sequence on the vector to the second recombinase target sequence on the vector, and (c) inserting the cell obtained in (b) into the first cell.
- a method for producing a material cell for introducing an antigen receptor gene comprising a step of culturing in the presence of a drug having a drug resistance gene having a resistance, the step of selecting a cell that has successfully knocked-in a drug resistance gene cassette.
- a vector used for gene recombination may be appropriately selected and used, and examples thereof include vectors such as a virus, a plasmid and an artificial chromosome.
- the virus vector include a retrovirus vector, a lentivirus vector, an adenovirus vector, an adeno-associated virus vector, and a Sendai virus vector.
- artificial chromosome vectors include human artificial chromosomes (HAC), yeast artificial chromosomes (YAC), and bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC, PAC).
- HAC human artificial chromosomes
- YAC yeast artificial chromosomes
- BAC bacterial artificial chromosomes
- plasmid a plasmid for mammalian cells can be used.
- a commercially available vector may be appropriately selected and used depending on the purpose.
- the TCR locus on the cell genome when producing ⁇ T cells, the TCR ⁇ locus or the TCR ⁇ locus is used. It is preferable to delete the TCRa and ⁇ loci not used for gene transfer. Deletion of a specific locus may be appropriately performed using a known method, and may be performed using a known genome editing technique, for example, CRISPR / Cas9 or Talen.
- step (a) From the upstream, in order from the upstream, the V region promoter sequence of the TCR locus, the target sequence (i) of the first recombinase, the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, and the expression are ligated under the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell.
- a drug resistance gene cassette comprising the first drug resistance gene, the target sequence (ii) of the first recombinase, the second drug resistance gene, and the target sequence of the second recombinase
- a “targeting vector for drug resistance gene cassette knock-in” is prepared.
- the target sequence (i) of the first recombinant enzyme in order from the upstream, the target sequence (i) of the first recombinant enzyme, a promoter sequence that can be expressed in a material cell, and a first drug resistance linked to be expressed under a promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell
- a vector comprising a gene, a target sequence (ii) of the first recombinase different from (i), a second drug resistance gene, and a drug resistance gene cassette containing the target sequence of the second recombinase is constructed.
- a targeting vector for knock-in containing a V promoter sequence upstream of the drug resistance gene cassette is constructed.
- a targeting vector containing the V promoter of the TCR locus is constructed upstream of the drug resistance gene cassette.
- the V region promoter at the TCR locus is not particularly limited and may be appropriately selected.
- the use of the V ⁇ 20-1 promoter is exemplified.
- the promoter sequence can be obtained by designing primers and amplifying by PCR so as to obtain a DNA fragment of the upstream promoter sequence immediately before the translation start point in the first exon of the V gene.
- the position to be introduced may be any position where a C enhancer derived from a material cell can activate the V promoter when a sequence containing a V promoter and a foreign TCR / CAR gene is introduced in order from the upstream.
- an exogenous TCR / CAR gene when introduced into the TCR ⁇ locus of a material cell, it can be introduced without reconstitution of the TCR ⁇ locus, and a region close to the enhancer is preferable.
- Introducing upstream and downstream of C ⁇ 1 is exemplified.
- a foreign TCR / CAR gene is introduced into the TCR ⁇ locus of a material cell, it can be introduced without reconstitution of the TCR ⁇ locus, and a region close to the enhancer is preferable. It is exemplified that the gene is introduced upstream and downstream of the most downstream V ⁇ gene.
- sequences homologous to the upstream and downstream sequences of the site are introduced as 5 'arm and 3' arm, respectively, so that homologous recombination can be performed.
- the “homologous sequence” may be any sequence as long as the sequences of the 5 ′ arm and the 3 ′ arm have homology to the extent that homologous recombination occurs.
- a DNA fragment from about 110 bp upstream of the D ⁇ 2 gene to about 1.6 kbp further upstream of the D ⁇ 2 gene is subjected to 5 ′ arm. It is exemplified that a DNA fragment from about 50 bp upstream to about 1.6 kbp downstream of the D ⁇ 2 gene is used as a 3 ′ arm sequence. DNA fragments of each 5 'arm and 3' arm can be obtained by amplifying by PCR using primers capable of specifically amplifying the respective sequences and using genomic DNA of material cells as a template.
- the targeting vector for drug resistance gene cassette knock-in a sequence homologous to the 5 ′ side of the introduction site in the TCR locus of the material cell genome (5 ′ arm), a promoter sequence of the TCR locus V region, A target sequence of the first recombinant enzyme (i), a promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, different from (i) The target sequence of the first recombinase (ii), the second drug resistance gene and the target sequence of the second recombinase, and a sequence (3 ′ arm) homologous to the 3 ′ side of the material cell introduction site Vectors are exemplified.
- primers are designed so that a DNA sequence for introducing the obtained PCR product into a drug resistance vector is added.
- a vector may be constructed using a known method such as the Gibson assembly method or a commercially available kit.
- the targeting vector for drug resistance gene cassette knock-in may further contain a promoter that can be expressed in a material cell and a gene to be a marker downstream of the 3 ′ arm.
- a promoter that can be expressed in a material cell
- a gene to be a marker downstream of the 3 ′ arm examples include a combination of an MC1 promoter and a diphtheria toxin gene (DTA).
- DTA diphtheria toxin gene
- Step (b) The targeting vector for drug resistance gene cassette knock-in is knocked-in to the TCR locus of the material cell by homologous recombination. Knock-in may be performed by a known method, for example, by electroporation.
- two single-strand breaks (nicks) near the knock-in site for example, near the start site (upstream) of the 3 'arm, Preferably, it is introduced.
- the introduction of the nick may be performed by a known method, for example, adopting the CRISPR / Cas9n system.
- Step (c) Material cells that have succeeded in homologous recombination express the drug resistance gene 1 by the action of the introduced promoter. For this reason, material cells that have succeeded in homologous recombination can be selected in the presence of a drug to which the drug resistance gene 1 has resistance.
- a marker gene is incorporated downstream of the 3 'arm of the targeting vector, the material cell into which the so-called outer portion which does not contain the drug resistance gene cassette of the 5' arm sequence and the 3 'arm sequence is introduced, For example, a cytotoxin is expressed, and the cell cannot survive. Therefore, by selecting viable cells, cells that have successfully knocked-in the drug resistance cassette can be selected.
- the selected material cells may be further confirmed by PCR to select only cells in which the V region promoter and the drug resistance gene cassette have been knocked in.
- the clone in which the V region promoter of the material cell and the drug resistance gene cassette were knocked-in was referred to as “the TCR locus of the material cell genome, the V promoter sequence of the TCR locus from the upstream, A target sequence (i), a promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, a first recombination different from (i)
- the TCR / CAR gene knock-in material cell having the enzyme target sequence (ii), the second drug resistance gene, the target sequence of the second recombinant enzyme and the enhancer sequence of the C region of the TCR locus " it can.
- a targeting vector construct for the drug resistance gene cassette knock-in may be appropriately prepared according to the configuration. .
- FIG. 2-1 A specific example of the embodiment of FIG. 2-1 is described in the third embodiment.
- a little downstream of the V promoter and a little upstream of the C enhancer for example, in the case of the TCR ⁇ locus, 30 bp from the translation start point of TCRV ⁇ 20-1
- two single-stranded breaks (nicks) are introduced to cut the genomic DNA, thereby removing about 180 kbp between the two nicks. be able to.
- a drug resistance cassette may be knocked in between the approached V promoter and C enhancer to prepare a TCR / CAR gene knock-in material cell, or a foreign TCR / CAR gene may be directly introduced.
- FIGS. 17 to 19 show that the “V promoter sequence of the TCR locus from the upstream to the TCR locus of the material cell genome using the V promoter and the C enhancer in the TCR locus in the material cell, A target sequence of the enzyme (i), a promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, A material cell for TCR / CAR gene knock-in having the target sequence (ii) of the recombinase, the second drug resistance gene, the target sequence of the second recombinase and the enhancer sequence of the C region of the TCR locus is prepared. The outline of the method is shown.
- the TCR or CAR gene cassette exchange vector is introduced into a material cell for TCR / CAR gene introduction, and at the same time, the first recombinant enzyme is applied to the first cell of the drug-resistant gene cassette introduced into the material cell genome.
- Step (A) In order to introduce the reconstituted TCR or CAR gene, first, in order from the upstream, the target sequence (i) of the first recombinase, the foreign TCR gene or CAR gene, the target sequence of the second recombinase, A TCR cassette exchange vector containing an expressible promoter sequence and a target sequence (ii) of a first recombinase is prepared.
- TCR cassette exchange vector for introducing a gene that expresses a heterodimer of TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ will be described as an example.
- a heterodimer of TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ As one embodiment of the present application, it is exemplified to prepare a TCR cassette exchange vector using a sequence in which a reconstituted TCR ⁇ gene and a TCR ⁇ gene are connected by a self-cleaving 2A peptide. Is done. By placing the self-cleaving 2A peptide between the ⁇ -chain and the ⁇ -chain, both genes can be expressed under the expression control system of one gene.
- the 2A peptide p2A, T2A, E2A, F2A and the like can be used, and the p2A peptide which is said to have high cleavage efficiency is suitably used.
- any one of the TCR ⁇ gene and the TCR ⁇ gene may be introduced upstream, but a polyA sequence is preferably ligated to the TCR gene introduced downstream.
- an intron is contained upstream of the TCR gene.
- the intron sequence may include a splice donor sequence and a splice acceptor sequence in addition to the sequence to be removed by splicing.
- the intron of the human polypeptide chain elongation factor ⁇ (EF1 ⁇ ) gene or chicken ⁇ -actin (CAG) gene promoter may include a splice donor sequence and a splice acceptor sequence in addition to the sequence to be removed by splicing.
- EF1 ⁇ human polypeptide chain elongation factor ⁇
- CAG chicken ⁇ -actin
- the target sequence (ii) of the target sequence (ii) of the first recombinase is used immediately after the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cells of the TCR cassette exchange vector. Introduce the start codon immediately before.
- Step (B) A TCR cassette exchange vector is introduced into a TCR / CAR transfection material cell, and simultaneously a first recombinase is acted on.
- a TCR cassette exchange vector is introduced together with the first recombinase expression vector.
- Expression of the first recombinase expression vector allows the target sequence (i) on the drug resistance gene cassette and the target sequence (i) on the TCR cassette exchange vector, the target sequence (ii) on the drug resistance gene cassette and the TCR cassette Recombination between each of the target sequences (ii) on the exchange vector is promoted.
- the portion sandwiched between the target sequences (i) and (ii) of the first recombinase on the drug resistance gene cassette is exchanged with the portion sandwiched between the same sequences on the TCR cassette exchange vector.
- Step (C) The second drug resistance gene is expressed in the material cell in which the cassette exchange has occurred. Therefore, by culturing the material cells after the cassette exchange in the presence of the drug having the resistance of the second drug resistance gene, cells that have successfully exchanged the cassette can be selected.
- Step (D) The second recombinant enzyme is allowed to act on the selected cells.
- an expression vector for the second recombinase may be introduced into the selected cells.
- the region flanked by the target sequences of the second recombinase is deleted by the expression of the second recombinase.
- the material cells are cultured in the presence of a drug sensitivity gene, for example, a factor that triggers activation of a cell death-inducing gene. Cells that fail to delete the region flanked by the target sequences of the second recombinase can be removed.
- the PCR method may be used to confirm that the TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ genes have been reliably introduced into the obtained cells.
- the cells obtained by the above method express both TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ from the TCR ⁇ locus of the material cells.
- the TCR gene is not expressed at the TCR locus of a cell other than a T cell differentiated from a material cell into which a foreign TCR / CAR gene has been introduced . Therefore, the reconstituted TCR gene or CAR gene is used for gene transfer.
- cells other than T cells such as pluripotent stem cells are used as material cells, it is necessary to differentiate into T cells in order to express a reconstituted TCR gene or CAR gene. Can be used for therapy.
- TCR reconstitution may be suppressed by deleting the Rag1 gene or the Rag2 gene. As for the Rag1 gene and the Rag2 gene, only one of them needs to be deleted.
- ⁇ T cells are cells that express CD3 and express at least one of CD4 and CD8. Depending on the purpose of treatment, it may be differentiated into either a killer T cell expressing CD8 or a helper T cell expressing CD4.
- the cells obtained by the method of the present application can be used for the treatment of immunity-related diseases such as cancer, infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and allergy that express an antigen to which the introduced TCR or CAR specifically binds.
- the obtained T cells are suspended in an appropriate medium, for example, physiological saline or PBS, and used for treatment of a patient whose HLA matches the donor from which the material cells are derived to a certain level or more.
- an appropriate medium for example, physiological saline or PBS
- the HLA types of the donor and the patient are completely identical, when the donor is an HLA haplotype homozygous, at least one of the HLA haplotypes is identical.
- pluripotent stem cells derived from the patient's own somatic cells may be used as material cells.
- Administration to a patient may be performed intravenously.
- an iPS cell group derived from an HLA haplotype-homo-donor can be used by selecting cells in which at least one of the HLA of the subject is identical from an iPS cell bank stored in association with the HLA information of the donor. it can.
- the number of cells to be administered is not particularly limited, and may be appropriately determined according to the patient's age, sex, height, weight, target disease, symptoms, and the like.
- the optimal number of cells to be administered may be appropriately determined by a clinical test.
- antigen-specific T cells or antigen-specific CAR-T cells can be induced.
- the method of the present application can be applied to immune cell therapy for various diseases such as cancer, infectious disease, autoimmune disease, and allergy.
- the present application relates to a cell therapy cell in which exogenous TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ genes are introduced between the promoter region in the V region and the enhancer sequence in the C region of the TCR gene of a reconstituted T cell (material cell).
- a manufacturing method is provided.
- the exogenous TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ genes are introduced into either TCR ⁇ or TCR ⁇ expression control system expressed in T cells as material cells so that both are expressed. TCR expression systems that do not introduce the foreign TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ genes are deleted.
- the material cells for introducing the foreign antigen receptor gene described above are induced to differentiate into T precursor cells or T cells, and then the foreign TCR or CAR gene is subjected to genome editing or Recombinase-
- the gene is introduced between the promoter sequence of the V region and the enhancer sequence of the C region of the genomic TCR locus of the induced T precursor cell or T cell by the mediated ⁇ Cassette ⁇ Exchange (RMCE) method.
- RMCE mediated ⁇ Cassette ⁇ Exchange
- the derived T precursor cell or the derived T precursor cell by the genome editing method or the Recombinase-mediated ⁇ Cassette ⁇ Exchange (RMCE) method is used. Replacing the known TCR or CAR gene of the T cell with a foreign TCR or CAR gene; and removing cells that have not been successfully replaced with the foreign TCR or CAR gene using an antibody or tetramer specific to the known TCR or CAR gene. Can be excluded.
- RMCE Recombinase-mediated ⁇ Cassette ⁇ Exchange
- the present application also provides (1) a promoter sequence of the V region of the TCR locus, a target sequence (i) of the first recombinase, A promoter sequence, a first drug resistance gene linked to be expressed under a promoter sequence that can be expressed in a material cell, a target sequence (ii) of a first recombinant enzyme different from (i), a second drug resistance Providing a vector comprising a gene and a drug resistance gene cassette comprising a target sequence of a second recombinase, (2) knocking in the sequence of (1) into the TCR locus of the material cell genome, (3) a step of culturing the cells obtained in (2) in the presence of a drug having a resistance to the first drug resistance gene, the step of selecting cells that have successfully knocked-in the drug resistance gene cassette; (4) In order from the upstream, a target sequence (i) of the first recombinase, a foreign TCR or CAR
- the present invention also provides a method comprising the following steps as an example of a method for efficiently producing a T cell into which a desired TCR or CAR gene has been introduced: (1) In order from the upstream, the promoter sequence of the TCR locus V region, the target sequence (i) of the first recombinase, the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell, and the expression under the promoter sequence that can be expressed in the material cell A first drug resistance gene, a target sequence of a first recombinase that differs from (i), a second drug resistance gene, and a target sequence of a second recombinase Preparing a vector containing a drug resistance gene cassette, (2) knocking in the sequence of (1) into the TCR locus of the material cell genome, (3) a step of culturing the cells obtained in (2) in the presence of a drug having a resistance to the first drug resistance gene, the step of selecting cells that have successfully knocked-in the drug resistance gene cassette; (4) In order from the upstream
- Jurkat cells which are T cell lines, were used. However, Jurkat cells were not completely reconstituted in TCR loci (until DJ recombination) and reconstituted TCR loci ( VDJ recombinant). In this example, Jurkat cells in which the reconstituted TCR locus was disrupted were used.
- TCR T cell receptor
- Reagents, antibodies, etc . KOD-Plus-Neo (Toyobo, KOD-401), Amaxa (registered trademark) Cell Line Nucleofector (registered trademark) Kit V (Lonza, VACA-1003), Gibson assembly master mix (New England Biolabs (NEB), E2611S), Gateway® LR Clonase TM II enzyme mix (Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11791-020), Hygromycin B Gold (InvivoGen, ant-hg-1), puromycin dihydrochloride (Wako, 160-23151), ganciclovir (Wako) , 078-04481, PE / Cy7 anti-human TCRa / ⁇ (BioLegend, 306719), and APC Mouse Anti-Human CD3 (BD Pharmingen, 5575597).
- pBRBIIl-AscI_FRTPGKpac ⁇ tkpA_AscI was used as a vector.
- Jurkat cells are T cell lines derived from human leukemia cells. A strain in which the TCR gene was disrupted by irradiation (J. RT3-T3.5) was used (J. Exp. Med. 160. 1284-1299. 1984).
- a lox2272 sequence (5'-ATAACTTCGTATAAAGTATATCCTATAGAGAGTTTAT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 1)) as shown in FIG.
- a promoter sequence (pPGK) of the phosphoglycerate kinase (PGK) gene, a hygromycin resistance gene (Hygro r ) downstream of the promoter sequence, and a polyadenylation sequence (pA) of the PGK gene are connected downstream thereof, and a recognition sequence by Cre different from lox2272 downstream thereof.
- LoxP sequence (5'-ATAACTTCGTAGTAGCATACATTATACGAAGTTAT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 2)), puromycin resistance gene and herpesvirus thymidine kinase kinase
- the main fusion gene with ( ⁇ TK) (Puro r ⁇ TK) , pA sequence, to construct a plasmid in a form obtained by connecting a frt sequence is a recognition sequence for the yeast recombinant enzyme Flippase (FLP).
- a primer 1 consisting of "the same sequence as the vector (about 15 bp)"-"lox2272 sequence"-"PGK promoter 5 'side sequence” was designed (FIG. 3A).
- Primer2 was designed as "sequence identical to vector"-"sequence on the 3 'side of PGK promoter", and amplification was performed by PCR using pBRBIIl-AscI_FRTPGKpac ⁇ tkpA_AscI vector as a template (FIG. 3A).
- the pBRMC1DTApA vector was cut with the restriction enzyme XbaI.
- the primer 1 has the same DNA sequence as the sequence 1 on the 5 'side of the vector site cut with the restriction enzyme XbaI, and the primer 2 has the same DNA sequence as the sequence 2 of about 15 bp on the 3' side (FIGS. 3A and 3B).
- the PCR product and the vector cut with the restriction enzyme XbaI shown in FIGS. 3A and 3B were ligated through Gibson assembly master mix (E2611S, New England Biolabs (NEB)) through the same sequence of about 15 bp.
- a PGK vector having the structure shown in 3C was obtained. Gibson assembly was performed according to the manual of Gibson assembly master mix.
- primer3 and primer4 have sequences homologous to each other, primer4 has a part of loxP sequence and pA sequence, and primer-2 has a part of the puromycin resistance gene (not including the start codon). It was designed to have an array.
- primer3 and primer4 amplification was carried out by PCR using PB-flox (CAG-mCherry-IH; TRE3G-miR-155-LacZa) vector as a template (FIG. 3E).
- amplification was performed by PCR using the pBRBII-AscI_FRTPGKpac ⁇ tkpA_AscI vector as a template (FIG. 3F).
- the PGK vector of FIG. 3C was digested with the restriction enzyme XbaI (FIG. 3D), and the PCR products generated in FIGS. 3E and 3F were ligated by Gibson assembly to obtain a drug-resistant gene cassette vector (FIG. 3G).
- the sequences of the primers are as follows.
- the puromycin resistance gene has had its start codon removed to avoid expression before cassette exchange (primer5). Downstream of Frt, the MC1 promoter and diphtheria toxin gene (DTA) were incorporated (FIG. 3G).
- DNA A DNA sequence that can be used when introducing the obtained PCR product into a drug-resistant cassette vector is added to each primer used for PCR.
- a vector was constructed via the additional sequence using the Gibson-assembly method described above.
- the primer sequences are as follows.
- Primer 5'-1 5'-CTCCACCGCGGTGGGCGGCGCCCTCAAAAGCTCCTTCTGTTGT-3 'for 5' arm (about 1.6 kbp) acquisition (SEQ ID NO: 9)
- Primer 3'-1 5'-ATGATGGCGGCCGCTAGCCTTGGAAAAGACAAAGGCAGGT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 10)
- Primer 5'-2 5'-AGGAATTCGATATCATATTAAATGGAGGGGACTAGCAGGGAGGA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 11) for obtaining 3' arm (about 1.6 kbp)
- Primer 3'-2 5'-TCGACGGTATCGGAATTTAAATCCCCGAAAGTCAGGACGTTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 12)
- PCR was performed using KJ-Plus-Neo using genomic DNA of Jurkat cells as a template. 1) 95 ° C, 3 minutes ⁇ 2) 98 ° C, 10 seconds ⁇ 3) 50 to 60 ° C, 30 seconds ⁇ 4) 68 C., 1 to 3 minutes, and 2) to 4) were performed for 30 to 35 cycles.
- the vector portion outside (downstream) of the frt portion of the drug resistance gene cassette site was digested with the restriction enzyme HindIII (FIG. 5, A), and the 3 ′ arm DNA fragment was excised therefrom using the Gibson assembly method according to the manual. (FIG. 5, B).
- the vector portion on the outside (upstream side) of lox2272 of the drug cassette was cut with a restriction enzyme NotI (FIG. 5, C), and the 5 ′ arm DNA fragment and the V ⁇ 20-1 promoter DNA fragment were separated by Gibsonlyassembly method. And introduced simultaneously (FIG. 5, D).
- a culture solution having the following composition was used for cell culture. However, when selecting by drug, each drug was added to the following composition and cultured. * Since the composition of penicillin / streptomycin / L-glutamine solution is 10,000 U / mL penicillin, 10,000 ⁇ g / mL streptomycin, and 29.2 mg / mL L-glutamine, the final concentrations are 100 U / mL, 100 ⁇ g / mL, respectively. It becomes 292 ⁇ g / mL.
- a V ⁇ 20-1 promoter was used by using a drug resistance gene KI targeting vector (KI targeting vector) (middle part in FIG. 6). And a drug resistance gene cassette was introduced. A schematic diagram of the case where the introduction is possible is shown in the lower part of FIG.
- nicks two single-strand breaks (nicks) were introduced at about 50 bp upstream of the D ⁇ 2 gene by the CRISPR / Cas9n system.
- the KI targeting vector was combined with two nicking CRISPR / Cas9n vectors (see material below), along with a Jurkat cell line subspecies, the J. mutated expression of endogenous TCR ⁇ gene.
- RT3-T3.5 Jurkat cells hereinafter referred to as Jurkat ⁇ mutant
- the hygromycin resistance gene which is the first drug resistance gene
- the PGK promoter the puromycin resistance gene, which is the second drug resistance gene. Is not expressed here
- FIG. 6, lower panel the puromycin resistance gene, which is the second drug resistance gene. Therefore, first, using 250 ⁇ g / mL hygromycin / culture solution, a clone in which the drug resistance gene cassette was incorporated into the genome was selected (positive selection).
- the CRISPR / Cas9n vector is A: 5'-CACCGAGGGTTAGTCTGACTGTTGTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 15), B: 5'-AAACCACACAGTCAGACTAACCTC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 16) C: 5'-CACCCTGCCGCTGCCCAGGTGTTG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 17) D: 5'-AAACCAACCACTGGGCAGCGGCAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 18) was annealed with a combination of A and B (vector 1) and C and D (vector 2), and introduced into plasmid pX460 cut with restriction enzyme BbsI.
- TCR ⁇ gene Disruption of TCR ⁇ gene in drug resistance gene KI-Jurkat cells (production of TCRa-KO drug resistance gene KI-Jurkat cells)
- the TCR specifically recognizes a specific antigen / HLA complex by a unique combination of ⁇ and ⁇ chains of individual T cells.
- the endogenous TCR ⁇ chain gene was disrupted by the CRISPR / Cas9 system in order to strictly maintain the combination of ⁇ and ⁇ chains of the TCR to be subsequently introduced into cells.
- TCR ⁇ -p2A-TCR ⁇ vector (TCR donor vector)
- TCR is a heterodimer composed of an ⁇ chain and a ⁇ chain, and in order to express a functional TCR, both the ⁇ chain and the ⁇ chain are expressed.
- the genes of the ⁇ -chain and the ⁇ -chain are introduced and expressed at different positions in the genome.
- the two genes are placed in a single site.
- Two methods of an internal ribosome entry site (IRES) and a self-cleaving type 2A peptide are mainly used.
- primer2 and primer4 can be used for cloning all human TCR ⁇ and TCR ⁇ into vectors, respectively.
- the sequence of the Primer is as follows, and PCR is performed by KOD-Plus-Neo at 1) 94 ° C, 2min ⁇ 2) 98 ° C, 10sec ⁇ 3) 50 to 60 ° C, 30sec ⁇ 4) 68 ° C, 2min. Steps 2) to 4) were performed for 30 to 35 cycles.
- Primer 1 5'-AAGGAACCAATTCAGTCGACCACCCATGCTGCTGCTTCTGCTGCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 23)
- Primer2 5'-CTCCTCCCACGTCTCCAGCCTGCTTCAGCAGGCTGAAGTTAGTAGCTCCGCCTTCGCCCTCTGGAATCCTTTCTCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 24)
- Primer3 5'-TGGAGACGTGGAGGGAGAACCCTGGACCTATGATGATATCCTTGAGAGTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 25)
- Primer4 5'-TCGAGTGCGGCCGCGAATTCTCAGCTGGGACCACAGCCGCAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 26)
- Sequence-1 and sequence-2 of the pBluescriptSK (-) vector are outside the restriction enzyme (KpnI and SacI) recognition sequences.
- the PCR product obtained using Primer1 and Primer2 was ligated by a Gibson assembly method to a vector cut with restriction enzymes KpnI and SacI to prepare a Frt-PGK vector (FIG. 8C).
- the Frt-PGK vector (FIG. 8C) was cut at the restriction enzyme recognition sites (NheI and XhoI) designed in primer1, and DNA1 having a cut end complementary to the cut end of the restriction enzyme was added thereto. Ligation was performed using DNA ligase (FIG. 8E). Again, it is cut with one of the restriction enzyme recognition sites (NheI or XhoI) designed in primer1, and DNA2 is ligated to it in the same manner as DNA1. By repeating this process, a plurality of arbitrary DNA fragments can be introduced between lox2272 and frt. The introduction can be performed by a DNA ligation reaction or Gibson-assembly. Using this method, a pre-cassette exchange vector was constructed (FIG. 9).
- cassette exchange vector II Construction of pre-cassette exchange vector A gene cassette (RfA cassette) consisting of attR1 sequence, chloramphenicol resistance gene, ccdb gene and attR2 sequence was prepared from CSIV-TRE-RfA-CMV-KT vector. It was excised with restriction enzymes NheI and XhoI and ligated to Ftr-PGK vector (FIG. 9A) cut with restriction enzymes NheI and XhoI by DNA ligase as shown in FIGS. 8D to 8G to construct pre-cassette exchange vector 1. (FIG. 9B).
- RfA cassette consisting of attR1 sequence, chloramphenicol resistance gene, ccdb gene and attR2 sequence was prepared from CSIV-TRE-RfA-CMV-KT vector. It was excised with restriction enzymes NheI and XhoI and ligated to Ftr-PGK vector (FIG. 9A) cut with restriction enzymes NheI and
- the vector (pCAG-EGxxFP) was cleaved with XhoI to isolate the poly-A-added sequence of the rabbit ⁇ -globin gene (FIG. 9C), introduced into the precassette exchange vector 1 cut with XhoI, and replaced with the precassette exchange vector 2. Constructed (FIG. 9D). Further, the pre-cassette exchange vector 2 was cut with NheI, and amplified by the PCR method. The first intron of the human polypeptide chain elongation factor ⁇ (EF1 ⁇ ) gene or the intron portion of the chicken ⁇ -actin (CAG) gene promoter (FIG. 9E). ) Were linked by the Gibson assembly method (FIG. 9F). The pre-cassette exchange vector having an intron immediately after lox2272 was designated as pre-cassette exchange vector 3.
- EF1 ⁇ human polypeptide chain elongation factor ⁇
- CAG chicken ⁇ -actin
- the intron of the EF1 ⁇ gene and the intron of the CAG promoter were isolated by PCR using human genomic DNA and pCAG-Cre-IP vector as templates and the following primers.
- Intron of EF1 ⁇ gene F: 5'-TATACGAAGTTATCGCTAGCGGGTTTGCCGCCAGAACACAG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 27)
- Intron part in CAG promoter F: 5'-TATACGAAGTTTATCGCTAGCGCCCCGGCTCTGACTGACCG-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 29)
- PCR is performed by KOD-Plus-Neo at 1) 95 ° C, 3 min ⁇ 2) 98 ° C, 10 sec ⁇ 3) 50
- FIG. 11 shows the D ⁇ 2 region of the human TCR ⁇ locus after homologous recombination (empty cassette deck: the region sandwiched between lox2272 and loxP) (upper), the TCR cassette exchange vector (middle), and the TCR ⁇ locus after cassette exchange. (Lower) is schematically shown.
- a TCR cassette exchange vector and a Cre expression vector pCAG-nls-Cre
- pCAG-nls-Cre Cre expression vector
- the portion flanked by the lox2272 sequence and the loxP sequence, that is, the hygromycin resistance gene and the TCR gene-frt-PGK promoter are exchanged by the action of the recombinase Cre (cassette exchange).
- the puromycin resistance gene Prior to cassette exchange, the puromycin resistance gene is not expressed due to the lack of the promoter and initiation codon.
- the PGK promoter is located immediately before the puromycin resistance gene, and the start codon located immediately before loxP is ligated in the same translational reading frame as the puromycin resistance gene.
- the puromycin resistance gene starts to be expressed only in the cells whose cassette has been successfully exchanged. Cells were selected using 0.25 ⁇ g / mL puromycin / culture solution, and after about one week, cells having acquired puromycin resistance (TCR cassette exchanged Jurkat cells) were obtained.
- FIG. 12 shows the TCR ⁇ locus D ⁇ 2 region after cassette replacement (upper row) and the TCR ⁇ locus where the portion between the frt sequences has been deleted (lower row).
- ganciclovir in cells present Puro r .DELTA.Tk, taken When phosphorylated analog of a nucleic acid by .DELTA.Tk, As a result, inhibit DNA replication arrest of cell proliferation or causing cell death (Fig. 14B). After 5 days of culture in 12 ⁇ M ganciclovir / culture solution, the expression of TCR and CD3 on the cell membrane was analyzed by FACS. As a result, almost no cells that did not express TCR were observed (FIG. 15). It is considered that the cell population that did not express TCR did not undergo recombination by FLP.
- iPS cells were cultured using Stem-Fit (registered trademark) -AK02N (TAKARA, AJ100), which is a medium for human iPS cells.
- Stem-Fit registered trademark
- -AK02N TAKARA, AJ100
- Y-27632 ⁇ (Wako, ⁇ 257-00511) ⁇ was added to a final concentration of 10 ⁇ M.
- Vitronectin Thermo Fisher, A14700
- 50 ⁇ g / mL of Hygromycin Invivogen, ant-hg-1) was added and cultured.
- a targeting vector for drug resistance gene cassette knock-in was designed in the same manner as in Example 1, and was introduced into iPS cells in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the lipofection method was used to introduce the vector into the cells. Lipofection was performed according to the manual for lipofectamine® (Thermo Fisher, 11668027). The vector and lipofectamine were suspended in an Opti-MEM (registered trademark) (Thermo Fisher, 31985070) medium, mixed with the cells, and the vector was introduced into the cells.
- Opti-MEM registered trademark
- V ⁇ 20-1 promoter and the drug resistance gene were identified using the drug resistance gene KI targeting vector (KI targeting vector) (middle part of FIG. 6).
- KI targeting vector drug resistance gene
- one double-strand break was introduced at about 50 bp upstream of the D ⁇ 2 gene by the CRISPR / Cas9 system.
- the KI targeting vector was introduced into human iPS cells along with one CRISPR / Cas9 vector for double-strand break introduction (see material below).
- DTA diphtheria toxin
- a cassette for introducing a gene containing a foreign TCR or CAR gene is introduced so as to reduce the distance between the enhancer of the C region of the TCR gene and the promoter of the V region of the material cell.
- 5 is an example of a method.
- Example 3 a cell line was established in which a region of about 180 kbp from the V ⁇ 20-1 gene of the TCRR locus V region to the C ⁇ 2 gene of the TCRC region where gene rearrangement had not occurred was deleted. The outline of the establishment method is shown in FIG.
- Jurkat ⁇ mutant As a material cell, a subspecies of the Jurkat cell line, the J.RT3-T3.5 Jurkat cell line (hereinafter Jurkat ⁇ mutant) in which the reconstituted TCR ⁇ gene is no longer expressed due to mutation (Ohashi et al, Science 316.606- 609. 1985).
- Genomic DNA cleavage of the V ⁇ 20-1 and C ⁇ 2 regions of the TCR ⁇ locus A region 30 bp to 80 bp downstream of the translation start point of the TCRV ⁇ 20-1 gene in the genomic DNA of Jurkat ⁇ mutant cells, and in exon 1 of the TCRC ⁇ 2 gene
- genomic DNA was cut by introducing single-strand breaks (nicks) at two locations each (vertical line in the upper part of FIG. 20).
- the four CRISPR / Cas9n vectors see the following materials
- the EGFP expression vector were both introduced into the Jurkat ⁇ mutant by electroporation.
- PCR primers Forward primer: 5'-GTCATGGGCAAGAATTACCAC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 45)
- Reverse primer 5'-GGTAGCTGGTCTCACCTACTATC-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 46)
- a single chain between the enhancer of the C region and the promoter of the V region of the cell modified so as to reduce the distance between the enhancer of the TCR gene C region and the promoter of the V region obtained in this example.
- cassette deck sequence is knocked-in to human iPS cells (non-T cell-derived, not gene reconstructed) by lipofection, and after drug selection, cloned by colony pick-up To establish a frame-shaped iPS cell (cassette deck knock-in iPS cell: cKI-iPSC).
- AK03N was used for culturing iPS cells.
- Y-27632 Wako
- nippi 6-well plate coated with iMatrixi
- Hygromycin drug selection Two days after, drug selection was performed using hygromycin at the following final concentration. In cells in which the drug resistance gene cassette has been incorporated into genomic DNA by homologous recombination, the hygromycin resistance gene, which is the first drug resistance gene, is expressed by the action of the PGK promoter (the puromycin resistance gene, which is the second drug resistance gene). Therefore, a clone in which the drug resistance gene cassette was incorporated into the genome was selected using a culture solution containing hygromycin (positive selection).
- AK03N was used for culturing iPS cells.
- Y-27632 (Wako) was added to a final concentration of 10 uM.
- a 6-well plate coated with iMatrix @ (nippi) was used.
- cKI-iPS cells were transfected with the mixture of the Cre expression vector and the cassette exchange vector at the above ratios by electroporation. After collecting the cKI-iPS cells, the cells were made into single cells, the number of cells was adjusted to 100 ⁇ l by mixing Opti-MEM and a vector, and electroporation was performed. Immediately after electroporation, the cells were seeded in a 6-well plate and cultured.
- Day 0 electroporation Day 1: medium change
- Day 2 cell reseeding 5 ⁇ 10 4 cells / well
- Day 3 Puromycin 180ng / ml
- Day 4 Puromycin 150ng / ml
- 5-9 medium exchange
- Day10 iPSC Colony Pickup
- AK03N was used for culturing iPS cells in all experiments.
- Y-27632 (Wako) was added to a final concentration of 10 uM.
- a 6-well plate coated with iMatrix @ (nippi) was used.
- Thymidine kinase works downstream of the cassette vector established in 2), and ganciclovir (GCV) is poisoned in cells, so cells are killed by co-culture with GCV. I do. Using this mechanism, the following final concentrations were selected using GCV drugs. The drug was started two days after the electroporation, the cells were collected, the number of cells was adjusted, and the cells were reseeded the next day. This is because the drug selection using GCV is significantly more effective for iPS cells depending on their cell density.
- FIG. 24 shows the results of PCR performed using primers sandwiching the EF1 ⁇ promoter site at the removal site and 3 ′ arm downstream. In the TCR-KI-iPS cells were successfully cassette exchange, the band of Puro r ⁇ TK site can no longer be confirmed. (Fig. 24, B lane)
- iPS cells are induced into T cell precursors, which are CD4CD8 double positive cells, and then CD4CD8 double positive cells are isolated. The isolated CD4CD8 double positive cells were further induced into CD8 single positive cells. CD8 single positive T cells in which the CD8 antigen was heterozygous for the CD8 ⁇ and CD8 ⁇ chains were obtained (FIG. 25). For reference, WT1-TiPS cell-derived regenerated CTL cells were used.
- the cells are CTL cells induced from iPS cells by inducing iPS cells from T cells having a WT1-specific TCR.
- Induction of iPS cells from T cells having an antigen-specific TCR was according to the method described in WO 2016/010155 (US20170267972).
- Induction of CTLs maintaining the antigen specificity from iPS cells having antigen-specific TCR was performed in the same manner as described above.
- the regenerated CTL and the U266 cell line were mixed at a ratio of 0: 1, 1: 3, 1: 1, 3: 1, 9: 1, and cultured at 37 ° C. in an environment of 5% CO 2 for 6 hours. Thereafter, cytotoxic activity was evaluated by the percentage of Annexin V positive cells. The results are shown in FIG.
- the regenerated CTL derived from NY-ESO1-TCR-KI-iPS cells showed cytotoxic activity against the U266 cell line in a cell number-dependent manner. Such activity was hardly observed in the regenerated CTL cells derived from WT1-TiPS cells.
- TCR T cell receptor
- the TCR2 gene is a synthetic gene in which the ⁇ and ⁇ chains of TCR recognizing the NYESO1 antigen are linked by a p2A peptide gene.
- FIG. 28 schematically shows the TCR ⁇ locus DJ region incorporating TCR1 (upper), the TCR2 cassette exchange vector (middle), and the TCR ⁇ locus after cassette exchange (lower).
- a TCR2 cassette exchange vector and a Cre expression vector (pCAG-nls-Cre) were introduced into Jurkat-TCR1 cells by electroporation.
- the recombinase Cre and the cassette exchange vector the portion sandwiched between the lox2272 sequence and the loxP sequence, that is, the TCR1-frt-PGK promoter and the TCR2 gene-frt-PGK promoter are replaced by the action of the recombinase Cre (cassette). Exchange) is expected (FIG. 28).
- genomic DNA was extracted from the cells and analyzed for the occurrence of exchange with TCR2 by PCR (FIG. 29).
- genomic DNA of Jurkat cells into which NYESO1-TCR (TCR2) or KM # 3-3-TCR (TCR1) was introduced by cassette exchange with a drug resistance gene was used for PCR reaction.
- FIG. 29B ⁇ PCR1 and PCR2.
- Primer 1 corresponds to the TCR2 gene
- primers 2 and 3 correspond to the DJ region
- primer 4 corresponds to the sequence of the TCR1 gene (FIG. 29A).
- PCR was performed using KOD-FX (Toyobo, KFX-101) at 94 ° C., ⁇ 2 ⁇ min ⁇ 98 ° C., ⁇ 10 ⁇ sec, ⁇ 61 ° C., ⁇ 30 ⁇ sec, ⁇ 68 ° C., ⁇ 3 ⁇ mim for 30 to 35 cycles.
- the sequences of the primers used in the PCR method are shown below.
- PCR primers Primer 1, 5'-GGCAGCTACCATCCCTACCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 47) Primer 2, 5'-CCACTTTGCTGTCTTGGCCTT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 48) Primer 3, 5'-AATCATCGTGCCCTCCCGCTA-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 49) Primer 4, 5'-TCAGCCACCTCACCTCTGGTGT-3 '(SEQ ID NO: 50)
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Abstract
Description
(1)材料細胞のTCR遺伝子のC領域のエンハンサーと、V領域のプロモーターの間に、両者の距離を縮めるように、外来のTCR/CAR遺伝子を含む遺伝子を導入する(図2-1)。
(a)上流から順に、TCR遺伝子座のV領域プロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、(i)と相違する第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、および第2の組換え酵素の標的配列を含む薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットを含むベクターを準備する工程、
(b)材料細胞へ(a)のベクター上のV領域プロモーター配列から第2の組換え酵素標的配列までを含む配列をノックインする工程、および
(c)(b)で得られた細胞を第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で培養する工程を含む、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットのノックインに成功した細胞を選択する工程を含む、抗原レセプター遺伝子導入のための材料細胞の製造方法である。
工程(a)
上流から順に、TCR遺伝子座のV領域プロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、および第2の組換え酵素の標的配列を含む薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットをノックインするための「薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットノックイン用ターゲティングベクター」を準備する。本態様において、上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、(i)と相違する第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、および第2の組換え酵素の標的配列を含む薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットを含むベクターを構築し、次いで薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットの上流にVプロモーター配列を含むノックイン用ターゲティングベクターを構築する。
薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットノックイン用ターゲティングベクターを、材料細胞のTCR遺伝子座へ相同組換えによりノックインする。ノックインは公知の方法にて行えば良く、例えばエレクトロポレーション法により行うことができる。
相同組換えに成功した材料細胞は、導入されたプロモーターの働きにより薬剤耐性遺伝子1が発現する。このため、相同組換えに成功した材料細胞を、薬剤耐性遺伝子1が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で選択することができる。また、ターゲティングベクターの3’アームの下流にマーカー遺伝子を組み込んだ場合、5’アーム配列と3’アーム配列の薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットを含まない、いわゆる外側の部分が導入された材料細胞においては、マーカーとなる例えば細胞毒素が発現し、細胞は生存できない。よって、生存細胞を選択することによって、薬剤耐性カセットのノックインに成功した細胞を選択することができる。選択された材料細胞をさらにPCR法にて確認して、V領域プロモーターと薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットがノックインされている細胞のみを選択してもよい。
(B)TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを、TCR/CAR遺伝子導入用材料細胞へ導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を適用して、材料細胞ゲノムに導入された薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる部分を、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる配列と交換する工程、
(C)第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で培養する工程を含む、カセット交換に成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(D)第2の組換え酵素を(C)で選択された細胞に作用させて、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列で挟まれる第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子部分を除去する工程。
再構成済TCRまたはCAR遺伝子の導入にはまず、上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、外来のTCR遺伝子またはCAR遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を含む、TCRカセット交換ベクターを準備する。
TCR/CAR導入用材料細胞へ、TCRカセット交換ベクターを導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を作用させる。第1の組換え酵素を作用させるには、例えば第1の組換え酵素発現ベクターとともに、TCRカセット交換ベクターを導入する。第1の組換え酵素発現ベクターの発現によって、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセット上の標的配列(i)とTCRカセット交換ベクター上の標的配列(i)、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセット上の標的配列(ii)とTCRカセット交換ベクター上の標的配列(ii)それぞれ同士の間での組換えが促進される。その結果、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセット上の第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)と(ii)で挟まれる部分が、TCRカセット交換ベクター上の同配列部分で挟まれる部分と交換される。
カセット交換が生じた材料細胞においては、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が発現する。従って、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下でカセット交換後の材料細胞を培養することによって、カセット交換に成功した細胞を選択することができる。
選択された細胞へ、第2の組換え酵素を作用させる。第2の組換え酵素を作用させるには、例えば第2の組換え酵素の発現ベクターを当該選択された細胞へ導入すればよい。
T細胞以外の細胞のTCR遺伝子座では遺伝子再構成が起こらないため、TCR遺伝子は発現することがない。従って遺伝子導入には再構成済TCR遺伝子またはCAR遺伝子を用いる。材料細胞として多能性幹細胞等のT細胞以外の細胞を用いた場合、再構成済TCR遺伝子またはCAR遺伝子を発現させるためには、T細胞へ分化させる必要があり、分化させたT細胞は細胞療法に用いることができる。多能性幹細胞のT細胞への分化誘導方法としては例えばTimmermans et al., Journal of Immunology, 2009, 182: 6879-6888、Nishimura T et al, 2013, Cell Stem Cell 114-126、WO 2013176197 A1、 WO 2011096482 A1およびWOに記載の方法が例示される。Rag1遺伝子あるいはRag2遺伝子を欠失させることにより、TCRの再構成を抑制してもよい。Rag1遺伝子とRag2遺伝子については、どちらか一方を欠失させるだけでよい。
(2)材料細胞ゲノムのTCR遺伝子座へ(1)の配列をノックインする工程、
(3)(2)で得られた細胞を第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で培養する工程を含む、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットのノックインに成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(4)上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を含む、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを準備する工程、
(5)TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを(3)で選択された薬剤耐性カセットがノックインされた材料細胞へ導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を作用させることによって、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセットベクターの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる配列と交換する工程、
(6)第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤にて、カセット交換に成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(7)第2の組換え酵素を(6)で選択された細胞に作用させて、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列で挟まれる第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子部分を除去する工程
を含む外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子が導入された細胞の製造方法を提供する。
(1)上流から順に、TCR遺伝子座V領域のプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、(i)と相違する第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、および第2の組換え酵素の標的配列を含む薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットを含むベクターを準備する工程、
(2)材料細胞ゲノムのTCR遺伝子座へ(1)の配列をノックインする工程、
(3)(2)で得られた細胞を第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で培養する工程を含む、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットのノックインに成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(4)上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、外来の既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を含む、既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを準備する工程、
(5)既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを(3)で選択された薬剤耐性カセットがノックインされた材料細胞へ導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を作用させることによって、既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセットベクターの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる配列と交換する工程、
(6)第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤にて、カセット交換に成功した細胞を選択する工程、
を含む方法により既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子が導入された細胞を得、さらに
(7)得られた細胞をT細胞へと分化誘導する工程、
(8)上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、所望のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を含む、所望のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを準備する工程、
(9)所望のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを(7)で得られたT細胞へ導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を作用させることによって、所望のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセットベクターの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子配列と交換する工程、および
(10)第2の組換え酵素を(9)で得られた細胞に作用させて、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列で挟まれる第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子部分を除去する工程。
KOD-Plus-Neo(Toyobo,KOD-401)、Amaxa(登録商標)Cell Line Nucleofector(登録商標)Kit V (Lonza,VACA-1003)、Gibson assembly master mix (New England Biolabs (NEB), E2611S)、 Gateway (登録商標)LRクロナーゼTMII酵素ミックス(Thermo Fisher Scientific, 11791-020)、Hygromycin B Gold(InvivoGen,ant-hg-1)、ピューロマイシン二塩酸塩(Wako,160-23151)、ガンシクロビル(Wako,078-04481、PE/Cy7 anti-human TCRα/β(BioLegend,306719)、APC Mouse Anti-Human CD3 (BD Pharmingen,557597)を用いた。
また、ベクターとしてpBRBlII-AscI_FRTPGKpacΔtkpA_AscIを用いた。
Jurkat細胞は、ヒト白血病細胞由来のT細胞株である。TCR遺伝子が放射線照射によって破壊された株(J.RT3-T3.5)を用いた(J. Exp. Med. 160. 1284-1299. 1984)。
薬剤耐性カセットベクターとして、図3Gに示すような、Cre組換え酵素の認識配列であるlox2272配列(5’-ATAACTTCGTATAAAGTATCCTATACGAAGTTAT-3’(配列番号1))、マウスのホスホグリセリン酸キナーゼ(PGK)遺伝子のプロモーター配列(pPGK)、その下流にハイグロマイシン耐性遺伝子(Hygror)、PGK遺伝子のポリアデニル化配列(pA)をつなげ、その下流にlox2272とは異なるCreによる認識配列であるloxP配列(5’-ATAACTTCGTATAGCATACATTATACGAAGTTAT-3’(配列番号2))、ピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子とヘルペスウイルスチミジンキナーゼのキナーゼドメイン(ΔTK)との融合遺伝子(PurorΔTK)、pA配列、酵母の組換え酵素Flippase(FLP)の認識配列であるfrt配列をつなげた形でプラスミドを構築した。
プライマーの配列は以下の通りである。
Primer1:5’-GCGGTGGCGGCCGCTATAACTTCGTATAAAGTATCCTATACGAAGTTATTACCGGGTAGGGGAGGCGCTT-3’(配列番号3),
primer2:5’-GGGGATCCACTAGTTCTAGACGAAAGGCCCGGAGATGAGGA-3’(配列番号4),
primer3:5’-CTCCGGGCCTTTCGTGCCACCATGAAAAAGCCTGAACTCACC-3’(配列番号5),
primer4:5’-ATAACTTCGTATAATGTATGCTATACGAAGTTATCAACTATGAAACATTATCATA-3’(配列番号6)
primer5:5’-ATTATACGAAGTTATCCACCGAGTACAAGCCCACGGTG-3’(配列番号7),
primer6:5’-GGGGATCCACTAGTTGAAGTTCCTATACTTTCTAGA-3’(配列番号8)
5’アームおよび3’アームとプロモーターDNA断片の取得
ヒトT細胞受容体β(TCRβ)Dβ2遺伝子(TCRDβ2)の約110bp上流の位置からさらに上流約1.6kbpの位置までのDNA断片を5’アーム、TCRDβ2の上流約50 bpの位置から下流に約1.6kbpの位置までのDNA断片を3’アームとした(図4A)。各DNA断片は、Jurkat細胞のゲノムDNAを鋳型として、下記のプライマーを用いてPCRで増幅した。内在性のV遺伝子プロモーターとして、本例ではTCRβV20-1遺伝子のプロモーター(Vβ20-1プロモーター)を用いた。Vβ20-1プロモーターには、第一エクソン内の翻訳開始点直前から上流に約1.6kbpまでのDNA断片を、Jurkat細胞のゲノムDNAを鋳型として、下記のプライマーを用いてPCRで増幅した。(図4B)。
Primer5’-1:5’-CTCCACCGCGGTGGCGGCCGCCTTCAAAAGCTCCTTCTGTTGT-3’(配列番号9)
Primer3’-1:5’-ATGATGCGGCCGCTAGCCTTGGAAAAGACAAAGGCAGT-3’(配列番号10)
Primer5’-2:5’-AGGAATTCGATATCATTTAAATGAGGGGGACTAGCAGGGAGGA-3’ (配列番号11)
Primer3’-2:5’-TCGACGGTATCGATATTTAAATCCCCGAAAGTCAGGACGTTG-3’(配列番号12)
F:5’-GCTAGCGGCCGCATCATGAGACCATCTGTACCTG-3’ (配列番号13)
R:5’-ATACGAAGTTATAGCTAGTCTTCCGTGATGGCCTCACACCA-3’(配列番号14)
TCRβ遺伝子座Dβ2領域への薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットノックイン(KI)ターゲティングベクターの構築
薬剤耐性遺伝子ノックイン(KI)-Jurkat細胞の単離
A:5’-CACCGAGGTTAGTCTGACTGTGTG-3’(配列番号15),
B:5’-AAACCACACAGTCAGACTAACCTC-3’ (配列番号16)
C:5’-CACCCTGCCGCTGCCCAGTGGTTG-3’ (配列番号17)
D:5’-AAACCAACCACTGGGCAGCGGCAG-3’ (配列番号18)
のオリゴヌクレオチドをAとB(ベクター1)、CとD(ベクター2)の組み合わせでアニールしたものを、制限酵素BbsIで切断したプラスミドpX460に導入して作製した。
TCRは、個々のT細胞のもつα鎖とβ鎖の固有の組み合わせにより、特定の抗原/HLA複合体を特異的に認識する。本実施例では、後に細胞に導入するTCRのα鎖とβ鎖の組み合わせを厳密に維持するために、内在性のTCRα鎖遺伝子をCRISPR/Cas9システムにより破壊した。
E:5’-CACCGAGAATCAAAATCGGTGAAT-3’(配列番号19)
F:5’-AAACATTCACCGATTTTGATTCTC-3’(配列番号20)
のオリゴヌクレオチドEとFをアニールさせて、制限酵素BbsIで切断したpX330プラスミドに導入して作製した。
使用したPCRプライマーは、以下のとおりである。PCR産物の配列の解析は、forward primerで行った。
Forward primer:5’-CCTTGTCCATCACTGGCATC-3’(配列番号21)
Reverse primer:5’-AAAGTCAGATTTGTTGCTCCA-3’(配列番号22)
TCRはα鎖とβ鎖からなるヘテロ二量体であり、機能的なTCRを発現させるにはα鎖とβ鎖の両方を発現させる必要がある。通常そのような場合は、α鎖とβ鎖の遺伝子をゲノム中の別々の位置に導入し発現させるが、本システムでは外来遺伝子をTCRDβ2領域のみに導入するので、2つの遺伝子を単一の部位から発現させなくてはならない。それを実現する方法としては、Internal ribosome entry site(IRES)と、自己開裂型の2Aペプチドの2つの方法が主に用いられている。IRESは1本のmRNAから2本のポリペプチドが出来るが、その2つの間で分子数に偏りがでる可能性がある。一方、2Aペプチドは1本のmRNAから1本のポリペプチドが生成され、それが切断により2つの分子となるので、2つの分子数比は1対1となる。本実施例では、約22アミノ酸からなる2Aペプチドを利用することにより、α鎖とβ鎖遺伝子の両方をTCRDβ2領域より同時に発現させた。2Aペプチドには何種類かあるが(p2A、T2A、E2A、F2Aなど)、その中で切断効率がよいと言われているp2Aペプチドを用いた。p2Aペプチドで連結したα鎖とβ鎖はTCRα-p2A-TCRβあるいは、TCRβ-p2A-TCRαと記述する。
Primer1:5’-AAGGAACCAATTCAGTCGACCACCATGCTGCTGCTTCTGCTGCTT-3’(配列番号23)
Primer2:5’-CTCCTCCACGTCTCCAGCCTGCTTCAGCAGGCTGAAGTTAGTAGCTCCGCTTCCGCCTCTGGAATCCTTTCTCTT-3’(配列番号24)
Primer3:5’-TGGAGACGTGGAGGAGAACCCTGGACCTATGATGATATCCTTGAGAGTT-3’(配列番号25)
Primer4:5’-TCGAGTGCGGCCGCGAATTCTCAGCTGGACCACAGCCGCAG-3’(配列番号26)
Frt配列とPGKプロモーター配列が互い近傍に位置するプラスミド(pBRBlII-AscI_FRTPGKpacΔtkpA_AscI)を鋳型に用いて、PCR法でfrt-PGKプロモーターDNA断片を増幅した(図8A)。Primer1は、Frt配列の一部に加え、制限酵素NheIとXhoIの認識配列、lox2272配列、およびpBluescriptSK(-)ベクターの配列-1(図8B)と同一の配列をもち、primer2は、PGKプロモーター配列の一部に加え、loxP配列、ベクターの配列-2と同一の配列をもつ(図8A,B)。pBluescriptSK(-)べクター(図8B)の配列-1と配列-2は制限酵素(KpnIとSacI)認識配列の外側である。Primer1とprimer2を用いて得られたPCR産物を、制限酵素KpnIとSacIで切断したベクターとGibson assembly法で連結し、Frt-PGKベクターを作製した(図8C)。
attR1配列、クロラムフェニコール耐性遺伝子、ccdb遺伝子およびattR2配列からなる遺伝子カセット(RfAカセット)をCSIV-TRE-RfA-CMV-KTベクターから制限酵素NheIとXhoIによって切り出し、図8D~図8Gの要領で、制限酵素NheIとXhoIによって切断したFtr-PGKべクター(図9A)にDNAリガーゼによって連結し、プレカセット交換ベクター1を構築した(図9B)。べクター(pCAG-EGxxFP)をXhoIで切断してウサギβ-globin遺伝子のポリA付加配列を単離し(図9C)、XhoIで切断したプレカセット交換ベクター1に導入し、プレカセット交換ベクター2を構築した(図9D)。さらに、プレカセット交換ベクター2をNheIで切断し、PCR法で増幅したヒトポリペプチド鎖伸長因子α(EF1α)遺伝子の第一イントロン、あるいはニワトリβ-アクチン(CAG)遺伝子プロモーターのイントロン部分(図9E)をGibson assembly法で連結した(図9F)。イントロンをlox2272の直後にもつプレカセット交換べクターを、プレカセット交換べクター3とした。
EF1α遺伝子のイントロン:
F:5’-TATACGAAGTTATCGCTAGCGGTTTGCCGCCAGAACACAG-3’(配列番号27)
R:5’-TACAAACTTGTGATGCTAGCGTAGTTTTCACGACACCTGA-3’(配列番号28)
CAGプロモーター中のイントロン部分:
F:5’-TATACGAAGTTATCGCTAGCGCCCCGGCTCTGACTGACCG-3’(配列番号29)
R:5’-TACAAACTTGTGATGCTAGCGACAGCACAATAACCAGCAC-3’(配列番号30)
PCRは、KOD-Plus-Neoで、1)95℃,3min→2)98℃,10sec→3)50~60℃,30sec→4)68℃,1~3minで行い2)~4)を30~35サイクル行った。
プレカセット交換ベクター3(図9F,図10上段)とTCRドナーベクター(図7E,図10中段)を混合して、GatewayRLRクロナーゼTMII酵素ミックス(Thermo Fisher Scientific,11791-020)のマニュアルに従って反応を行った。この反応では、attRとattLの間で組換えが起こり、attR1とattR2で挟まれる部分とattL1とattL2で挟まれる部分が入れ替わる(図10)。結果として、TCRカセット交換ベクター(図10下段)を得た。本実施例では、CAGプロモーター由来のイントロンをもつプレカセット交換ベクター3を用いた。
図13の結果では、TCRが発現する集団と発現しない集団が存在する。FLPの作用によりfrtではさまれる領域が欠失した細胞と、欠失が起こらなかった細胞が混在していた可能性が考えられる。そこで、ガンシクロビルを用いて、欠失し損ねた細胞(FLPによる組換えが失敗した細胞)の除去を試みた。通常、Jurkat細胞のようなヒトの細胞にはガンシクロビルは作用しない(図14A)。それに対し、PurorΔTKが存在する細胞内ではガンシクロビルは、ΔTKによってリン酸化されると核酸のアナログとなって、その結果、DNA複製を阻害して細胞増殖の停止、あるいは細胞死を引き起こす(図14B)。12μMガンシクロビル/培養液で5日間培養した後TCRおよびCD3の細胞膜上での発現をFACSで解析した。その結果、TCRを発現しない細胞はほとんど認められなかった(図15)。TCRを発現していなかった細胞集団は、FLPによる組換えが起きていなかったと考えられる。
Stem Fit(登録商標) AK02N(TAKARA, AJ100)、Y-27632 (Wako, 257-00511)、Vitronectin (Thermo Fisher, A14700)、Hygromycin(Invivogen, ant-hg-1)、lipofectamine(登録商標)(Thermo Fisher, 11668027)、Opti-MEM(登録商標) (Thermo Fisher, 31985070)、KOD-FX (TOYOBO, KFX-101)を用いた。
ヒトiPS細胞としては、253G1(理研、ヒト皮膚細胞由来)を用いた。
2)相同組換えによるヒトiPS細胞TCRβ遺伝子座Dβ2領域への薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットのノックイン
薬剤耐性遺伝子ノックイン(KI)-iPS細胞の単離
細胞へのべクター導入はリポフェクション法を用いた。リポフェクションは、lipofectamine(登録商標)(Thermo Fisher, 11668027) のマニュアルにしたがって実施した。Opti-MEM(登録商標) (Thermo Fisher, 31985070)培地にベクターとlipofectamineを懸濁後、細胞と混合しベクターを細胞に導入した。
A:5’-CACCCTGCCGCTGCCCAGTGGTTG-3’ (配列番号31)
B:5’-AAACCAACCACTGGGCAGCGGCAG-3’ (配列番号32)
のオリゴヌクレオチドをAとBの組み合わせでアニールしたものを、制限酵素BbsIで切断したプラスミドpX330に導入して作製した。
Primer Forward (1)5’-ACGGCTGAAATCTCCCTAACCC-3’(配列番号33)
Primer Reverse (2)5’-TACTTCCATTTGTCACGTCCTG-3’(配列番号34)
Primer Forward (3)5’-CCTGCTGCAACTTACCTCC-3’(配列番号35)
Primer Reverse (4)5’-GGGGACCGAGGGGCTGGAAG-3’(配列番号36)
それぞれのプライマーの配列部位を図16(A)および(B)に示した。PCR産物の電気泳動の結果を図16(C)に示す。図16(C)において、1、2、3はクローン番号を示す。2および3は正しくノックインに成功したクローンであることが確認できた。ポジティブコントロール(PC)はKI-Jurkat細胞、WTiPSはノックイン前のiPS細胞のゲノムDNAをそれぞれ用いた。
実施例3では、遺伝子再構成の起きていないTCRβ遺伝子座V領域のVβ20-1遺伝子からTCRC領域のCβ2遺伝子までの約180kbpにわたる領域を欠失させた細胞株を樹立した。樹立方法の概略を図20に示す。材料細胞としてはJurkat細胞株の亜種で、再構成したTCRβ遺伝子が変異によって発現しなくなったJ.RT3-T3.5 Jurkat 細胞株(以下Jurkat β mutant)(Ohashi et al, Science 316. 606-609. 1985)を用いた。
Jurkat β mutant細胞のゲノムDNAのTCRVβ20-1遺伝子の翻訳開始点より30 bp ~ 80 bp下流の領域、およびTCRCβ2遺伝子エキソン1内において、それぞれ2カ所ずつ一本鎖切断(ニック)を導入してゲノムDNAを切断した(図20上段の縦線)。ゲノムDNAの切断のため、4つのCRISPR/Cas9nベクター(下記材料参照)とEGFP発現ベクターを共に、エレクトロポレーション法でJurkat β mutantに導入した。
Vβ20-1側
A:5’-CACCGGTAGAAGGAGGCTTATACC-3’(配列番号37)
B:5’-AAACGGTATAAGCCTCCTTCTACC-3’(配列番号38)
C:5’-CACCGGGTGGGCATGTGCGTGTGT-3’(配列番号39)
D:5’-AAACACACACGCACATGCCCACCC-3’(配列番号40)
Cβ2側
E:5’-CACCGCAAACACAGCGACCTCGGGT-3’(配列番号41)
F:5’-AAACACCCGAGGTCGCTGTGTTTGC-3’(配列番号42)
G:5’-CACCAGAGATCTCCCACACCCAAA-3’(配列番号43)
H:5’-AAACTTTGGGTGTGGGAGATCTCT-3’ (配列番号44)
CRISPR/Cas9nベクターが多く導入された細胞では、ゲノムの切断がより高効率で起こると期待できる。よって、ベクターを特に多く取り込んだ細胞群をソーティングにより選抜し、クローン化した。そのために、遺伝子導入から2日後に、遺伝子導入効率の指標となるEGFPの発現レベルが特に高い細胞群を、セルソーターを用いて直接、96-wellプレートに1 wellあたり1細胞となるよう播種して培養した(クローン化)(図21A)。Jurkat β mutant細胞の生存を維持するために、96-wellプレートには予め1 x 105個のB6マウス胸腺細胞を播種しておいた。培養開始4 ~5週間後に各クローンよりゲノムDNAを抽出して、Vβ20-1領域とCβ2領域が連結しているかPCR法により解析した。PCR法に用いたプライマーは下に示す。Forwardプライマーは、Vβ20-1遺伝子翻訳開始点の約140 bp上流に、reverseプライマーはCβ2遺伝子エキソン1の直後の配列に対応する(図18B)。CRISPR/Cas9nベクターの導入により切断が予想される部位の近傍同士で連結が起きた場合、およそ500 bpのDNA断片がPCRで増幅される。PCR反応物を電気泳動で解析した結果、クローン#10、#11、#16および#17でVβ20-1領域とCβ2領域の連結が示唆された(図21C)。クローン#10に関して、PCR法による増幅で得たDNA断片の配列を解析すると、Vβ20-1領域とCβ2領域が6 bpのDNAを介して連結していることが確認された(図21D)。これにより、約180 kbpにわたる領域が欠失してVβ20-1領域とCβ2領域が連結したJurkat β mutant株が樹立された。また、他のクローンでも、Vβ20-1領域とCβ2領域の連結が、DNA配列の解析から確認された。
Forwardプライマー:5’-GTCATGGGCAAAGATTACCAC-3’(配列番号45)
Reverseプライマー:5’-GGTAGCTGGTCTCACCTAATC-3’(配列番号46)
ヒトiPS細胞(非T細胞由来、遺伝子再構成未)にカセットデッキ配列をリポフェクションでノックインし、薬剤選択後、コロニーピックアップによりクローニングを行なうことで枠型となるiPS細胞(カセットデッキノックインiPS細胞: cKI-iPSC)を樹立した。
iPS細胞はリポフェクション実施前日にプレート上へ播種した。iPS細胞へ、上記割合のCrispr-CAS9およびガイドRNA発現ベクターとノックイン用ターゲティングベクターとの混合物を、リポフェクションにて形質移入した。Opti-MEMとベクターと試薬を懸濁後、iPS細胞上へ添加し、4-6時間後に培地交換を行った。
2日後よりハイグロマイシンを用いて下記の通りの最終濃度で薬剤選択を行なった。相同組換えにより薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットをゲノムDNAに取り込んだ細胞では、PGKプロモーターの作用により第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子であるハイグロマイシン耐性遺伝子が発現する(第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子であるピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子はここでは発現しない)そのため、まず、ハイグロマイシン入り培養液を用いて、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットをゲノム中に取り込んだクローンを選択した(ポジティブセレクション)。
Day 1: 培地交換
Day 2: ハイグロマイシン 25μg/ml
Day 3: ハイグロマイシン 40μg/ml
Day 4 - 6: ハイグロマイシン50μg/ml
Day 7: iPSCコロニーピックアップ
薬剤選択後に残存したiPS細胞コロニーをピックアップ後に、5つのクローンを樹立した。各クローンからDNAを採取し、目的のクローンを確認するためにPCRを行なった。薬剤耐性遺伝子KIターゲッティングベクターの5’アーム配列と3’アーム配列の外側のベクター部分がランダムインテグレーションによりゲノムDNA内に取り込まれた細胞は、ジフテリア毒素(DTA)が細胞内で生成されるため生存できず、取り除かれる(ネガティブセレクション)。次に、そのようにして選択された細胞(クローン)の中から、Vβ20-1プロモーターからfrtまでの薬剤耐性遺伝子カセット部分をTCRDβ2遺伝子座に取り込んだクローンをPCR法で同定した。以上により、Dβ2領域にVβ20-1プロモーターと薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットが導入されたクローン(cKI-iPSC)を選択した。
1)で導入されたカセットベクターの下流には、2つ目のプロモーターがあり、交換に成功したiPS細胞はその下流のピューロマイシン耐性遺伝子がワークする。この機構により、TCR/CARカセット交換成功iPS細胞はピューロマイシンに耐性を示す。そこで、薬剤を用い下記の最終濃度で選択した。薬剤開始は、エレクトロポレーション2日後にその細胞を回収し、細胞数を揃えて再播種した翌日より開始した。これは、ピューロマイシンを用いた薬剤選択が、iPS細胞の場合は、その細胞密度により効きが著しくことなるからである。
Day 1: 培地交換
Day 2: 細胞再播種 5×104 cells /ウェル
Day 3: ピューロマイシン 180ng/ml
Day 4: ピューロマイシン 150ng/ml
Day 5-9: 培地交換
Day10: iPSCコロニーピックアップ
薬剤選択後に残存したiPS細胞コロニーをピックアップ後に、4つのクローンを樹立した。各クローンからDNAを採取し、目的のクローンを確認するためにPCRを行なった。5’アーム配列上流とカセットベクターのCAGイントロン配列とを挟む5’側確認プライマーと3’アーム配列下流とのベクター内のEF1αプロモーター上を挟む3’側確認プライマーを用いた。バンドをともに検出できた株をカセット交換TCRノックイン細胞(exTCR-KI-iPSC)として樹立した。
細胞をシングルセル化し、上記細胞数を、OptiMEMとプラスミドベクターと混合して100μlとし、エレクトロポレーションを行なった。エレクトロポレーション後、直ちに6ウェルプレートに播種し、培養した。
2)で樹立されたカセットベクターの下流には、チミジンキナーゼがワークしており、ガンシクロビル(GCV)が細胞内で有毒化するため、GCVとの共培養で細胞は死滅する。この機構を用いて、GCV薬剤を用い下記の最終濃度で選択した。薬剤開始は、エレクトロポレーション2日後にその細胞を回収し、細胞数を揃えて再播種した翌日より開始した。これは、GCV用いた薬剤選択が、iPS細胞の場合は、その細胞密度により効きが著しくことなるからである。
Day 1: 培地交換
Day 2: 細胞再播種 1×105 cells /ウェル
Day 3-13: GCV 5μg/ml
Day 14: iPSCコロニーピックアップ
薬剤選択後に残存したiPS細胞コロニーをピックアップ後に、2つのクローンを樹立した。各クローンからDNAを採取し、目的のクローンを確認するためにPCRを行なった。除去部位にあるEF1αプロモーター部位と3’arm下流を挟むプライマーを用いて行ったPCRの結果を図24に示す。カセット交換に成功したTCR-KI-iPS細胞では、PurorΔTK部位のバンドが確認できなくなった。(図24下、Bレーン)
実施例4の方法でNY-ESO1特異的TCRをノックインしたiPS細胞を得た。得られたiPS細胞よりT細胞を分化誘導し、得られた再生CTLを用いてがん細胞株の殺傷能力を検証した。
NY-ESO1-TCR-KI-iPS細胞由来再生CTLは、実施例4の方法にてNY-EOS1特異的TCRをノックインして得たiPS細胞から誘導したCTL細胞である。NY-EOS1-KI-iPS細胞からのCTLの誘導は、WO 2017/179720(US20190161727)に記載の方法にて行った(本文献は引用により本願に含まれる)。すなわち、iPS細胞をCD4CD8ダブルポジティブ細胞であるT細胞前駆体へと誘導し、次いでCD4CD8ダブルポジティブ細胞を単離する。単離されたCD4CD8ダブルポジティブ細胞をさらにCD8シングルポジティブ細胞へと誘導した。CD8抗原がCD8α鎖とCD8β鎖のヘテロ接合型であるCD8シングルポジティブT細胞が得られた(図25)。
参照用として、WT1-TiPS細胞由来再生CTL細胞を用いた。該細胞はWT1特異的TCRを有するT細胞からiPS細胞を誘導し、得られたiPS細胞から誘導されたCTL細胞である。抗原特異的TCRを有するT細胞からiPS細胞の誘導はWO 2016/010155(US20170267972)に記載の方法に準じた。抗原特異的TCRを有するiPS細胞から当該抗原特異性を維持したCTLの誘導は、上記と同様の方法にて行った
Luciferase導入U266(多発性骨髄腫細胞株, NY-ESO1+, HLA-A02+)、Bright-Glo (Promega)およびGlomax (Promega)を用いた。
A0201を有しかつNY-ESO-1を発現している多発性骨髄腫細胞株U266に対する、NY-ESO1特異的TCRをノックインしたiPS細胞から誘導された、再生CTLの細胞障害活性を評価した。比較として、同細胞に対するWT1-TiPS細胞由来再生CTLの細胞障害活性を同時に調べた。再生CTLとU266細胞株を0:1、1:3、1:1、3:1、9:1の割合で混合後、37℃5%CO2の環境下で6時間培養を行った。その後、Annexin V陽性細胞の割合で、細胞傷害活性を評価した。結果を図26に示す。
NY-ESO1-TCR-KI-iPS細胞由来再生CTLは、U266細胞株に対して細胞数依存的に細胞傷害活性を示した。WT1-TiPS細胞由来再生CTL細胞にはそのような活性はほとんど認められなかった。
実施例1(図11)と同様の方法により、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットノックインベクターをTCRDβ2領域にノックインした後に、TCR1遺伝子を薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットと交換することで導入したJurkat細胞を得た。TCR1遺伝子として、WT1抗原を認識するTCR(KM#3-3)のα鎖とβ鎖をp2Aペプチド遺伝子で繋いだ合成遺伝子を用いた。図27に本実施例のJurkat-TCR1細胞のTCRβ遺伝子座DJ領域の模式図を示す。
次いでJurkat-TCR1細胞のTCR1遺伝子を以下に示す方法で、TCR2遺伝子と入れ替えた。で、TCR2遺伝子はNYESO1抗原を認識するTCRのα鎖とβ鎖をp2Aペプチド遺伝子で繋いだ合成遺伝子である。
以上より、T細胞株Jurkat細胞中で、外来性に導入されたTCR遺伝子が、別のTCR遺伝子と交換可能であることが示された。
プライマー1, 5’-GGCAGCTACATCCCTACCTT-3’ (配列番号47)
プライマー2, 5’-CCACTTTGCTGTCTTGGCCTT-3’(配列番号48)
プライマー3, 5’-AATCATCGTGCCCTCCCGCTA-3’(配列番号49)
プライマー4, 5’-TCAGCCACCTACCTCTGTGT-3’(配列番号50)
Claims (22)
- 材料細胞のT細胞受容体(TCR)発現制御機構の制御下で発現されるよう、外来TCRまたはCAR遺伝子を導入する工程を含む、抗原レセプター遺伝子が導入された細胞の製造方法。
- 材料細胞が、T細胞受容体の再構成が生じていない細胞である、請求項1記載の方法。
- 材料細胞が、多能性幹細胞である、請求項1または2記載の方法。
- 外来TCRまたはCAR遺伝子の導入を、Recombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange(RMCE)法あるいはゲノム編集法にて行う、請求項1~3いずれかに記載の方法。
- 材料細胞ゲノムのTCR遺伝子座に、上流から順にTCR遺伝子座V領域のプロモーター配列、薬剤耐性遺伝子あるいはレポーター遺伝子もしくは既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子、TCR遺伝子座C領域のエンハンサー配列を有する、外来抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入するための材料細胞。
- TCR遺伝子座V領域のプロモーター配列と、薬剤耐性遺伝子あるいはレポーター遺伝子もしくは既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子の間に、組換え酵素の標的配列(i)を有し、薬剤耐性遺伝子あるいはレポーター遺伝子もしくは外来TCRまたはCAR遺伝子とTCR遺伝子座C領域のエンハンサー配列の間に組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を有する、請求項5記載の外来抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入するための材料細胞。
- 既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子を有している、請求項5または6記載の外来抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入するための材料細胞。
- 材料細胞ゲノムのTCR遺伝子座に、上流から順にTCR遺伝子座V領域のプロモーター配列、第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、およびTCR遺伝子座C領域のエンハンサー配列を有する、外来の抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入するための材料細胞。
- 材料細胞ゲノムTCR遺伝子座が、材料細胞TCRα鎖またはβ鎖である請求項5~8いずれかに記載の材料細胞。
- 材料細胞ゲノムTCR遺伝子座において、薬剤耐性遺伝子あるいはレポーター遺伝子もしくは外来TCRまたはCAR遺伝子が導入されている遺伝子座以外のTCRα鎖およびTCRβ鎖が欠損されている、請求項9記載の材料細胞。
- 材料細胞が多能性幹細胞である、請求項5~10いずれかに記載の材料細胞。
- (a)上流から順に、第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、(i)と相違する第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、および第2の組換え酵素の標的配列を含む薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットを含むベクターを準備する工程、
(b)材料細胞ゲノムのTCR遺伝子座へ(a)で準備したベクターをノックインする工程、
(c)(b)で得られた細胞を第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で培養する工程を含む、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットのノックインに成功した細胞を選択する工程、を含む、請求項8~11いずれかに記載の材料細胞の製造方法。 - 工程(b)において、材料細胞の再構成されていないTCR遺伝子座の1のV領域プロモーター配列の下流に、当該V領域プロモーター配列より下流にあるV領域とDJ領域と置換するよう(a)で準備したベクターをノックインする、請求項12記載の方法。
- 工程(a)のベクターが、さらにTCR遺伝子座V領域のプロモーター配列を最上流に有しており、工程(b)において、当該ベクターを材料細胞ゲノムTCR遺伝子座のDJ領域にノックインする、請求項12記載の方法。
- 工程(a)のベクターが、さらにTCR遺伝子座C領域のエンハンサー配列を最下流に有しており、工程(b)において、当該ベクターを材料細胞ゲノムTCR遺伝子座のV領域にノックインする、請求項12記載の方法。
- (A)請求項8に記載の材料細胞を準備する工程、
(B)上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を含む、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを準備する工程、
(C)TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを該材料細胞へ導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を作用させることによって、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセットベクターの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる配列、と交換する工程、
(D)第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤にて、カセット交換に成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(E)第2の組換え酵素を(D)で選択された細胞に作用させて、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列で挟まれる第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子部分を除去する工程
を含む、外来抗原レセプター遺伝子が導入された細胞の製造方法。 - (1)上流から順に、TCR遺伝子座V領域のプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列下で発現するよう連結された第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子、(i)と相違する第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)、第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子、および第2の組換え酵素の標的配列を含む薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットを含むベクターを準備する工程、
(2)材料細胞ゲノムのTCR遺伝子座へ(1)のベクターをノックインする工程、
(3)(2)で得られた細胞を第1の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤の存在下で培養する工程を含む、薬剤耐性遺伝子カセットのノックインに成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(4)上流から順に第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)、外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列、材料細胞で発現可能なプロモーター配列、および第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(ii)を含む、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを準備する工程、
(5)TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセット交換ベクターを(3)で選択された薬剤耐性カセットがノックインされた材料細胞へ導入し、同時に第1の組換え酵素を作用させることによって、TCRまたはCAR遺伝子カセットベクターの第1の組換え酵素の標的配列(i)(ii)に挟まれる配列と交換する工程、
(6)第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子が耐性を有する薬剤にて、カセット交換に成功した細胞を選択する工程、
(7)第2の組換え酵素を(6)で選択された細胞に作用させて、第2の組換え酵素の標的配列で挟まれる第2の薬剤耐性遺伝子部分を除去する工程
を含む、外来の抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入した細胞の製造方法。 - 外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子が、再構成済TCR遺伝子である、請求項16または17記載の方法。
- 外来のTCR遺伝子が、再構成済TCRα鎖およびTCRβ鎖の両方を含む、請求項18記載の方法。
- 請求項16~18いずれかに記載の方法にて外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子が導入された細胞を得、得られた細胞をT細胞へと分化誘導する工程を含む、細胞療法用細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項5~7いずれかに記載の外来の抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入するための材料細胞をT前駆細胞またはT細胞へと分化誘導する工程、外来のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子を、ゲノム編集法あるいはRecombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange(RMCE)法にて該誘導されたT前駆細胞またはT細胞のゲノムTCR遺伝子座のV領域のプロモーター配列とC領域のエンハンサー配列の間に導入する工程を含む、細胞療法用細胞の製造方法。
- 請求項7に記載の外来抗原レセプター遺伝子を導入するための材料細胞をT前駆細胞またはT細胞へと分化誘導する工程、ゲノム編集法あるいはRecombinase-mediated Cassette Exchange(RMCE)法にて該誘導されたT前駆細胞またはT細胞の既知TCRまたはCAR遺伝子を外来TCRまたはCAR遺伝子と入れ替える工程、および既知のTCRまたはCAR遺伝子に特異的な抗体またはテトラマーを用いて外来TCRまたはCAR遺伝子との入れ替えに成功していない細胞を除く工程を含む、細胞療法用細胞の製造方法。
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| SG11202101789SA SG11202101789SA (en) | 2018-07-26 | 2019-07-26 | Method for generating cells into which an exogenous antigen receptor is introduced |
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| EP3845638A4 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
| US20210381008A1 (en) | 2021-12-09 |
| CN112752838A (zh) | 2021-05-04 |
| JPWO2020022512A1 (ja) | 2021-08-02 |
| SG11202101789SA (en) | 2021-03-30 |
| AU2019312008A1 (en) | 2021-03-18 |
| EP3845638A1 (en) | 2021-07-07 |
| JP7422365B2 (ja) | 2024-01-26 |
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