WO2019216279A1 - ポリウレタンの改質方法,ポリウレタン,研磨パッド及び研磨パッドの改質方法 - Google Patents
ポリウレタンの改質方法,ポリウレタン,研磨パッド及び研磨パッドの改質方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019216279A1 WO2019216279A1 PCT/JP2019/018022 JP2019018022W WO2019216279A1 WO 2019216279 A1 WO2019216279 A1 WO 2019216279A1 JP 2019018022 W JP2019018022 W JP 2019018022W WO 2019216279 A1 WO2019216279 A1 WO 2019216279A1
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- polyurethane
- compound
- ethylenically unsaturated
- polishing
- unsaturated bond
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- C08G18/72—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates
- C08G18/74—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic
- C08G18/76—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic
- C08G18/7657—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings
- C08G18/7664—Polyisocyanates or polyisothiocyanates cyclic aromatic containing two or more aromatic rings containing alkylene polyphenyl groups
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- C08G18/67—Unsaturated compounds having active hydrogen
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B24—GRINDING; POLISHING
- B24B—MACHINES, DEVICES, OR PROCESSES FOR GRINDING OR POLISHING; DRESSING OR CONDITIONING OF ABRADING SURFACES; FEEDING OF GRINDING, POLISHING, OR LAPPING AGENTS
- B24B37/00—Lapping machines or devices; Accessories
- B24B37/11—Lapping tools
- B24B37/20—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces
- B24B37/24—Lapping pads for working plane surfaces characterised by the composition or properties of the pad materials
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- C08F283/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G
- C08F283/006—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00
- C08F283/008—Macromolecular compounds obtained by polymerising monomers on to polymers provided for in subclass C08G on to polymers provided for in C08G18/00 on to unsaturated polymers
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for modifying polyurethane, a novel polyurethane, and a polishing pad.
- CMP chemical machinery Polishing
- Patent Document 1 describes a preparation process (break-in) in which a polishing pad is attached to a polishing apparatus, and a polishing surface is sharpened by dressing processing in an initial stage of use when the polishing apparatus is started up. A polishing pad that can reduce the time required is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a polishing pad having a polishing surface that is pressed against an object to be polished, the waviness of the polishing surface having a period of 5 mm to 200 mm and a maximum amplitude of 40 ⁇ m or less.
- Patent Document 1 discloses that when the zeta potential of the polishing surface is ⁇ 50 mV or more and less than 0 mV, repulsion between the polishing surface and the negative abrasive grains in the slurry is suppressed, whereby the polishing surface and the abrasive grains It is disclosed that familiarity is improved and break-in time is shortened.
- Patent Document 2 listed below reduces the generation of scratches and defects on the surface of an object to be polished by suppressing the adhesion of polishing debris to the polishing surface, improving the yield of the product, and achieving high leveling performance and a moderate level.
- a polishing pad that provides a good polishing rate.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a polishing pad characterized in that the zeta potential of the polishing surface facing the object to be polished is smaller than ⁇ 55 mV and equal to or higher than ⁇ 100 mV.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a polishing pad used for polishing by being fixed to a surface plate and capable of polishing without causing a defect in an insulating layer at a low load in CMP.
- the tensile elastic modulus at room temperature is 0.2 GPa or more on at least a part of the polishing surface, and the zeta potential in the pH region of the slurry supplied between the object to be polished and the polishing pad is +0.1.
- a polishing pad characterized by using a material of ⁇ + 30 mV.
- Patent Document 3 discloses, as a comparative example, a polishing pad having a zeta potential of ⁇ 8.5 mV when CMP is performed using an acidic slurry having a pH of 3 to 5.
- polyurethane is preferably used as a material for the polishing layer of the polishing pad.
- Polyurethane is produced by reacting a urethane raw material containing a chain extender, a polymer polyol, an organic polyisocyanate and the like.
- a chain extender composed of an amide group-containing diol, which is used as a raw material component of a polyurethane resin that can produce a thermoplastic polyurethane resin having excellent mechanical strength and excellent thermal stability.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a polyurethane modification method capable of easily modifying surface characteristics, a novel polyurethane, a polishing pad, and a polishing pad modification method.
- One aspect of the present invention is a method for modifying a polyurethane, comprising: preparing a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond; and reacting the ethylenically unsaturated bond with a compound having a conjugated double bond. .
- a Diels-Alder reaction in which a compound having a conjugated double bond is added to an ethylenically unsaturated bond to form a 6-membered ring structure is known.
- a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond that becomes a dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction is selected and reacted with a compound having a conjugated double bond in accordance with the desired characteristics.
- a polyurethane having a functional group is obtained.
- the polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is a polyurethane containing a polymer constituent unit derived from a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, obtained by reacting a urethane raw material containing a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond that becomes a dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction can be obtained.
- Examples of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include cis-2-butene-1,4-diol, 4,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) imidazole, 5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol, and cis-2.
- an aldehyde group, a carboxylic acid group, a sulfone group, a phosphoric acid group, a hydroxyl group, or an amino group Etc. are obtained.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a method for modifying a polyurethane, comprising: preparing a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond; and reacting a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond with the conjugated double bond. It is. According to such a modification method, by reacting a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond with a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond, it has a functional group according to the type of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond. A polyurethane is obtained.
- the polyurethane having a conjugated double bond may be a polyurethane containing a polymer constituent unit derived from a compound having a conjugated double bond obtained by reacting a urethane raw material containing a compound having a conjugated double bond. preferable.
- Such polyurethane has a conjugated double bond in the polyurethane molecule.
- the compound having a conjugated double bond include polyethylene furanoate.
- polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is modified in surface characteristics by adding a compound having a conjugated double bond to an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the polyurethane is preferably used for the polishing surface of the polishing pad so that the zeta potential at pH 3.0 is ⁇ 1.0 mV or less.
- Such polyurethane is preferable from the viewpoint of high affinity for abrasive grains not only when an alkaline slurry is used but also when an acidic slurry is used.
- another aspect of the present invention is a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond.
- the surface characteristics of such polyurethane are modified by adding a functional group by adding a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond to a conjugated double bond.
- a functional group by adding a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond to a conjugated double bond.
- polyurethane that is preferably used for the polishing surface of the polishing pad such that the zeta potential at pH 3.0 is ⁇ 1.0 mV or less can be obtained.
- Another aspect of the present invention is a polishing pad including at least one of the above-described polyurethanes on the polishing surface and having a zeta potential of ⁇ 1.0 mV or less at pH 3.0.
- a polishing pad is preferable not only in the case of using an alkaline slurry but also in the case of using an acidic slurry in that it has a high affinity for abrasive grains.
- Another aspect of the present invention includes a step of preparing a polishing pad containing at least a resin having a reactive site on the polishing surface, and a step of reacting a compound with the reactive site to add a functional group. It is the modification
- the functional group is preferably an anionic functional group or a cationic functional group.
- the polishing surface can be modified negative, and when a cationic functional group is added, the polishing surface can be modified positive. According to such modification, the zeta potential of the polished surface can be changed.
- the hydrophilicity of the polished surface can be improved.
- the zeta potential of the polished surface changes due to the addition of a functional group.
- a novel polyurethane with improved surface characteristics can be obtained.
- the surface characteristics of the polishing surface of the polishing pad can be easily modified.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond into a polyurethane having a carboxylic acid group by treating with an aqueous solution of sorbic acid.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond into a polyurethane having a hydroxyl group by treating with an aqueous solution of furfuryl alcohol.
- FIG. 1 is an explanatory view illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond into a polyurethane having a carboxylic acid group by treating with an aqueous solution of sorbic acid.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory view illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond into a polyurethane having a hydroxyl group
- FIG. 3 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a process of modifying a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond to a polyurethane having an amino group by treating with an aqueous solution of divinyleneimine.
- FIG. 4 is an explanatory view illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond into a polyurethane having a carboxylic acid group with an aqueous solution of maleic acid.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond into a polyurethane having a hydroxyl group with an aqueous solution of cis-2-butene-1,4-diol.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a process of modifying a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond into a polyurethane having an amino group with an aqueous solution of 3-amino-1-propene.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view for explaining dissociation of a carboxylic acid group introduced into polyurethane.
- FIG. 8 is an explanatory diagram for explaining a polishing method.
- FIG. 9 is a graph showing the pH dependence of the zeta potential of the polishing pads obtained in Example 1 and Example 2.
- the method for modifying a polyurethane according to the first embodiment includes a step of preparing a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond and a step of reacting a compound having a conjugated double bond with the ethylenically unsaturated bond of the polyurethane.
- Polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is blended with, for example, a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond as a chain extender in a urethane raw material containing a chain extender, a polymer polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, etc. It can be obtained by blending a polymer polyol having an ethylenically unsaturated bond as the polymer polyol, or blending a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond as a terminal modifier.
- the ethylenically unsaturated bond is an unsaturated bond that becomes a dienophile in the Diels-Alder reaction.
- Conjugated double bond means two or more cis-conjugated double bonds in a conjugated diene or conjugated ring structure for addition to an ethylenically unsaturated bond of polyurethane dienophile in Diels-Alder reaction. It is a structure containing.
- the chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is a low molecular compound having two or more hydroxyl groups or amino groups containing an active hydrogen atom capable of reacting with an isocyanate group in the molecule, and in the molecule Any compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond may be used without particular limitation. Specific examples of such compounds include cis-2-butene-1,4-diol, 5-norbornene-2,3-dimethanol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, cis-2-butene-1,4-diol is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of easily maintaining reactivity and mechanical properties.
- examples of the polymer diol having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include polymer polyols such as polyether polyol, polyester polyol and polycarbonate polyol having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- a specific example of such a polymer polyol is, for example, polybutadiene diol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- examples of the terminal modifier having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include cis-2-nonen-1-ol, cis-3-nonen-1-ol, cis-3-octen-1-ol, and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, cis-3-nonen-1-ol is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of reactivity.
- chain extenders other than chain extenders having ethylenically unsaturated bonds polymer polyols other than polymer polyols having ethylenically unsaturated bonds, and organic polyisocyanates
- chains conventionally used as urethane raw materials An extender, a polymer polyol, and an organic polyisocyanate are used without particular limitation.
- a polymer diol as the polymer polyol in order to maintain the thermoplasticity.
- organic diisocyanate as organic polyisocyanate.
- polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is carried out by adding a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, such as a chain extender, a polymer polyol, an organic polyisocyanate, and a terminal modifier, into the urethane raw material.
- a urethanization reaction using a known prepolymer method or one-shot method by solution polymerization or melt polymerization which is a conventionally known polymerization method of polyurethane, is used without particular limitation.
- the polyurethane may be foamed polyurethane or non-foamed polyurethane, and may be thermosetting polyurethane or thermoplastic polyurethane.
- a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond or a polymer polyol When blending a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond or a polymer polyol with a urethane raw material containing a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond relative to the total amount of the chain extender,
- the ratio of the chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond to the total amount of the molecular polyol is appropriately selected depending on the purpose, and is, for example, preferably 5 to 95 mol%, more preferably 10 to 90 mol%. If the content of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is too low, the modification effect tends to be small.
- the method for modifying a polyurethane according to the first embodiment includes a step of reacting a compound having a conjugated double bond with an ethylenically unsaturated bond of a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond as described above.
- the compound having a conjugated double bond in the first embodiment is a compound having a cis-type conjugated double bond that is added to an ethylenically unsaturated bond by a Diels-Alder reaction to form a 6-membered ring structure.
- Specific examples of such compounds include, for example, cis-type diene compounds containing carboxylic acid groups such as sorbic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid, and 2-furancarboxylic acid, or their metals such as potassium sorbate.
- Carboxylic acid group-containing compounds such as salts; Hydroxyl-containing compounds such as hydroxyl group-containing diene compounds such as furfuryl alcohol; Amino group-containing compounds such as amino group-containing diene compounds such as divinyleneimine; Sulfone such as 2-naphthalenesulfonic acid hydrate Examples include acid group-containing compounds; phosphate group-containing compounds such as 1-naphthyl sodium phosphate hydrate; and imidazole group-containing compounds such as imidazole and 1H-imidazole-4,5-dicarboxylic acid.
- a carboxylic acid group-containing compound and a sulfonic acid group-containing compound are preferable from the viewpoint that the polishing surface of the polishing pad can be modified to be negative.
- an amino group containing compound and an imidazole group containing compound are preferable from the point which can improve the polishing surface of a polishing pad positively.
- a hydroxyl group-containing compound is preferable from the viewpoint that the polishing surface of the polishing pad can be modified to be hydrophilic.
- a treatment method and treatment conditions for reacting a compound having a conjugated double bond with an ethylenically unsaturated bond of polyurethane are suitably selected according to the combination of the types of the ethylenically unsaturated bond and the compound having a conjugated double bond.
- a processing method and processing conditions are selected. Specifically, for example, there is a method in which a polyurethane molded body having an ethylenically unsaturated bond prepared in advance is immersed in an aqueous solution in which a compound having a conjugated double bond is dissolved and left for a predetermined time.
- Examples of the method and conditions include soaking for 1 to 24 hours.
- the concentration of the compound having a conjugated double bond in the aqueous solution is not limited, but a concentration of 0.2 to 15% by mass is selected, for example.
- the compound having a conjugated double bond is dissolved in the solution after the polymerization of the polyurethane and left for a predetermined time.
- the method of doing is mentioned.
- dissolves the compound which has a conjugated double bond is not specifically limited, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), etc. are mentioned.
- a polyurethane in which a compound having a conjugated double bond is added to the ethylenically unsaturated bond of a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond by a Diels-Alder reaction is obtained.
- the type of the compound having a conjugated double bond added to the ethylenically unsaturated bond such as carboxylic acid group, sulfone group, phosphoric acid group, hydroxyl group, amino group, imidazole group, etc.
- Various functional groups can be added to the polyurethane.
- the functional group added to the polyurethane can be further converted into another functional group. Specifically, it can be converted to an aldehyde group by reducing the carboxylic acid group.
- sorbic acid is added to the ethylenically unsaturated bond in the molecular chain of the polyurethane as shown in FIG.
- a polyurethane having a carboxylic acid group is obtained.
- the polyurethane which has an aldehyde group is also obtained by reducing the carboxylic acid group.
- a carboxylic acid group As described above, according to the method for modifying a polyurethane according to the first embodiment, depending on the type of the compound having a conjugated double bond for modifying a polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a carboxylic acid group , Polyurethanes having various functional groups such as aldehyde groups, sulfone groups, phosphate groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, imidazole groups and the like can be obtained.
- the polyurethane having a carboxylic acid group can make the surface electrical characteristics of the polyurethane negative by, for example, anionizing the carboxylic acid group in an acidic aqueous solution as described later.
- the polyurethane having a hydroxyl group can impart hydrophilicity to the surface of the polyurethane by the hydroxyl group.
- the polyurethane which has an amino group can make the surface electrical property of a polyurethane positive by the amino group being cationized in an alkaline aqueous solution.
- Each functional group also becomes a starting point for further reaction such as a crosslinking point.
- the zeta potential of the surface of the polyurethane at any pH of 3.0 to 8.0 is 1.5 mV or more compared to before the modification, It can be changed to 2.0 mV or more, particularly 3.0 mV or more, in particular 5.0 mV or more.
- the polyurethane modification method of the second embodiment includes a step of preparing a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond, and a step of reacting a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond with the conjugated double bond of the polyurethane.
- Polyurethanes having conjugated double bonds include, for example, compounds having cis-type conjugated double bonds as chain extenders and polymer polyols as urethane raw materials containing chain extenders, polymer polyols, organic polyisocyanates, and the like. Can be obtained.
- the chain extender having a cis-type conjugated double bond is a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 300 or less and having at least two hydroxyl groups and amino groups containing an active hydrogen atom capable of reacting with an isocyanate group in the molecule.
- any compound having a cis-type conjugated double bond in the molecule can be used without particular limitation.
- Specific examples of such a compound include 4,5-bis (hydroxymethyl) imidazole and 4-hydroxymethyl-5-methylimidazole. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, 4-hydroxymethyl-5-methylimidazole is particularly preferable from the viewpoints of reactivity and mechanical properties.
- examples of the polymer diol having a cis type conjugated double bond include polymer polyols such as polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and polycarbonate polyol having a cis type conjugated double bond in the molecule.
- polymer polyols such as polyether polyol, polyester polyol, and polycarbonate polyol having a cis type conjugated double bond in the molecule.
- Specific examples of such compounds include, for example, polyethylene furanoate.
- a chain extender other than a chain extender having a cis-type conjugated double bond a polymer polyol other than a polymer polyol having a cis-type conjugated double bond, and an organic polyisocyanate
- raw materials for producing polyurethane are not particularly limited.
- a polymer polyol, and an organic polyisocyanate used as the above are not particularly limited.
- thermoplastic polyurethane it is preferable to use a polymer diol as the polymer polyol in order to maintain the thermoplasticity.
- organic diisocyanate as organic polyisocyanate.
- chain extenders with cis-type conjugated double bonds are blended with chain extenders, or polymer polyols with cis-type conjugated double bonds are blended with polymer polyols.
- the urethanization reaction using a known prepolymer method or one-shot method by solution polymerization or melt polymerization, which is a conventionally known polymerization method of polyurethane, is used without particular limitation.
- the polyurethane may be foamed polyurethane or non-foamed polyurethane, and may be thermosetting polyurethane or thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the ratio of the chain extender or polymer polyol having a cis conjugated double bond to the total amount of the chain extender is appropriately determined depending on the purpose. For example, it is preferably 5 to 95 mol%, more preferably 10 to 90 mol%. When the content ratio of the chain extender having a cis type conjugated double bond or the polymer polyol is too low, the modification effect tends to be small.
- the method for modifying a polyurethane according to the second embodiment includes a step of reacting a conjugated double bond of polyurethane with a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond as described above.
- the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond according to the second embodiment is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond that is added to a cis-type conjugated double bond by a Diels-Alder reaction to form a 6-membered ring structure. .
- Such a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond include, for example, carboxylic acid group-containing compounds such as maleic acid, maleimide, and fumaric acid; amino group-containing compounds such as 3-amino-1-propene; Examples thereof include sulfonic acid group-containing compounds such as acrylamide-2-methylpropanesulfonic acid; phosphoric acid group-containing compounds such as vinylphosphonic acid; imidazole group-containing compounds such as 1-vinylimidazole.
- maleic acid is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of expression of potential change.
- Treatment methods and treatment conditions for reacting a polyurethane having a conjugated double bond with a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond depend on the combination of the types of the compound having a conjugated double bond and an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- a preferable processing method and processing conditions are appropriately selected. Specifically, for example, there is a method in which a polyurethane molded body having a conjugated double bond prepared in advance is immersed in an aqueous solution in which a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is dissolved, and the reaction is allowed to proceed for a predetermined time. Can be mentioned.
- a polyurethane molded product having a conjugated double bond in an aqueous solution of a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond preferably at 100 ° C. or less, more preferably at 30 to 80 ° C.
- Examples of the method and conditions include soaking for 1 to 24 hours.
- the concentration of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in the aqueous solution is not limited, but a concentration of, for example, 0.2 to 15% by mass is selected.
- a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is dissolved in the solution after polymerization of the polyurethane and left for a predetermined time. Then, the method of advancing the reaction can be mentioned.
- dissolves the compound which has an ethylenically unsaturated bond is not specifically limited, N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP), N, N-dimethylformamide (DMF), etc. are mentioned.
- a polyurethane in which a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond is added to the conjugated double bond of the polyurethane by a Diels-Alder reaction is obtained.
- various functional groups such as a carboxylic acid group, an aldehyde group, a sulfone group, a phosphoric acid group, a hydroxyl group, an amino group, and an imidazole group are added depending on the type of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- the functional group added to the polyurethane can be further converted into another functional group.
- the zeta potential on the surface of the polyurethane at any pH of 3.0 to 8.0 is 1.5 mV or more compared to before modification, Can be changed to 2.0 mV or more, particularly 3.0 mV or more, and more particularly 5.0 mV or more.
- the carboxylic acid group can be selected by selecting the type of the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond for treating the polyurethane having a conjugated double bond.
- Polyurethanes having various functional groups such as aldehyde groups, sulfone groups, phosphate groups, hydroxyl groups, amino groups, imidazole groups and the like can be obtained.
- thermoplastic polyurethane is, for example, a uniaxial or multiaxial screw type in which each raw material is blended at a predetermined blending ratio in a substantial absence of a solvent, with a chain extender, a polymer diol, and an organic diisocyanate.
- the compound which has an ethylenically unsaturated bond is mix
- blended when manufacturing the polyurethane which has a conjugated double bond of 2nd Embodiment, the compound which has a conjugated double bond is mix
- chain extenders other than the compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond of the first embodiment or the compound having a conjugated double bond of the second embodiment other chain extenders conventionally used in the production of polyurethane are used. Examples thereof include a low molecular weight compound having a molecular weight of 300 or less and having at least two hydroxyl groups and amino groups containing an active hydrogen atom capable of reacting with an isocyanate group.
- chain extender other than the chain extender that is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond according to the first embodiment or the chain extender that is a compound having a conjugated double bond according to the second embodiment include, for example, Ethylene glycol, diethylene glycol, 1,2-propanediol, 1,3-propanediol, 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol, 1,2-butanediol, 1,3-butanediol, 2,3- Butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,4-bis ( ⁇ -hydroxyethoxy) Benzene, 1,4-cyclohexanediol, cyclohexanedimethanol (1,4-cyclohexan
- polymer diol other than the polymer diol that is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond of the first embodiment or the compound diol having a conjugated double bond of the second embodiment Conventionally, polymer diols used in the production of thermoplastic polyurethanes can be mentioned.
- polymer diol other than the polymer diol that is a compound having an ethylenically unsaturated bond according to the first embodiment or the polymer diol that is a compound having a conjugated double bond according to the second embodiment include , Polyether diol, polyester diol, polycarbonate diol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. In these, polyether diol and polyester diol are preferable.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer diol is 450 to 3000, more preferably 500 to 2700, and particularly 500 to 2400, and a polished surface maintaining required characteristics such as rigidity, hardness, and hydrophilicity can be easily obtained. It is preferable from the point.
- the number average molecular weight of the polymer diol means the number average molecular weight calculated based on the hydroxyl value measured according to JISK1557.
- polyether diol examples include, for example, polyethylene glycol, polypropylene glycol, polytetramethylene glycol, poly (methyltetramethylene glycol), glycerin-based polyalkylene ether glycol and the like. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, polyethylene glycol and polytetramethylene glycol, particularly polytetramethylene glycol are preferable.
- the polyester diol can be obtained, for example, by directly esterifying or transesterifying an ester-forming derivative such as dicarboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride with a low molecular diol.
- ester-forming derivatives such as dicarboxylic acid or its ester or anhydride for producing polyester diol
- dimer acid and hydrogenated dimer acid include trade names “Pripol 1004”, “Plipol 1006”, “Plipol 1009”, and “Plipol 1013” manufactured by Unikema Corporation. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the low molecular weight diol for producing the polyester diol include, for example, ethylene glycol, 1,3-propanediol, 1,2-propanediol, 2-methyl-1,3-propanediol, 1, 4-butanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,5-pentanediol, 3-methyl-1,5-pentanediol, 1,6-hexanediol, 1,7-heptanediol, 1,8-octanediol, 2- Examples thereof include aliphatic diols such as methyl-1,8-octanediol, 1,9-nonanediol, and 1,10-decanediol; alicyclic diols such as cyclohexanedimethanol and cyclohexanediol. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Among these, diols, di
- Examples of the polycarbonate diol include those obtained by a reaction between a low molecular diol and a carbonate compound such as dialkyl carbonate, alkylene carbonate, and diaryl carbonate.
- Examples of the low molecular diol for producing the polycarbonate diol include the low molecular diols exemplified above.
- Examples of the dialkyl carbonate include dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate.
- ethylene carbonate etc. are mentioned as alkylene carbonate.
- Examples of the diaryl carbonate include diphenyl carbonate.
- the organic diisocyanate is not particularly limited as long as it is an organic diisocyanate conventionally used in the production of polyurethane. Specific examples thereof include, for example, ethylene diisocyanate, tetramethylene diisocyanate, pentamethylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,2,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, 2,4,4-trimethylhexamethylene diisocyanate, dodecamethylene diisocyanate, isophorone.
- Diisocyanate isopropylidenebis (4-cyclohexylisocyanate), cyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, methylcyclohexane diisocyanate, 4,4'-dicyclohexylmethane diisocyanate, lysine diisocyanate, 2,6-diisocyanatomethylcaproate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) ) Fumarate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) carbonate, 2-isocyanatoethyl-2,6-diisocyanatohexano , Cyclohexylene diisocyanate, methylcyclohexylene diisocyanate, bis (2-isocyanatoethyl) -4-cyclohexene and other aliphatic or alicyclic diisocyanates; 2,4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate, 4,4'-diphenylme
- the blending ratio of each component is appropriately adjusted according to the target characteristics.
- the isocyanate group contained in the organic diisocyanate is 0.95 to 1.3 mol, more preferably 0.96 to 1.10 mol, In particular, it is preferably blended at a ratio of 0.97 to 1.05 mol. If the proportion of the isocyanate group contained in the organic diisocyanate is too low, the mechanical strength and wear resistance of the thermoplastic polyurethane tend to be reduced, and the life of the polishing layer tends to be shortened. The productivity and storage stability of polyurethane are lowered, and the production of the polishing layer tends to be difficult.
- thermoplastic polyurethane obtained by continuous melt polymerization as described above is formed into a sheet shape by various molding methods such as an extrusion molding method, an injection molding method, a blow molding method, and a calendar molding method after being pelletized. It is molded into a molded body.
- extrusion molding using a T die is preferable because a sheet-like molded body having a uniform thickness can be obtained.
- thermoplastic polyurethanes can be used as needed, including crosslinking agents, fillers, crosslinking accelerators, crosslinking aids, softeners, tackifiers, anti-aging agents, foaming agents, processing aids, adhesion promoters, and inorganic additives.
- additives such as an agent, antioxidant, and a conductive agent.
- the content of the thermoplastic polyurethane additive is not particularly limited, but is preferably 50% by mass or less, more preferably 20% by mass or less, and particularly preferably 5% by mass or less.
- the polyurethane having the ethylenically unsaturated bond of the first embodiment or the polyurethane having the conjugated double bond of the second embodiment, which is a thermoplastic polyurethane, is polymerized.
- Polyurethane polymerization is not limited to melt polymerization, and can be produced, for example, in solution polymerization using DMF as a solvent.
- the polyurethane modified so as to have various functional groups described in the first to third embodiments is preferably used as a material for a polishing pad by taking advantage of the surface characteristics of the functional groups.
- a polishing pad by taking advantage of the surface characteristics of the functional groups.
- the slurry used for CMP includes an acidic slurry and an alkaline slurry.
- the acidic slurry and the alkaline slurry are selected according to the purpose of polishing, or are used in combination when performing a multistage polishing process.
- Abrasive grains contained in an alkaline slurry usually have a negative zeta potential.
- abrasive particles having a negative zeta potential are repelled against a polished surface containing polyurethane that is alkaline and has a negative zeta potential, so that polishing debris hardly adheres to the polished surface. The occurrence of scratches and defects is reduced.
- polyurethane has a negative zeta potential in alkalinity
- the zeta potential is often positive.
- the zeta potential of the abrasive grains is often positive.
- the zeta potential on the surface of a silicon wafer is usually negative in acidity.
- the zeta potential of general polyurethane is positive in the acidic region, particularly in the pH region lower than pH 3, approaches the zero at the isoelectric point near pH 3, and negative in the alkaline region where pH is high. Tend to be.
- the surface to be polished with a negative zeta potential is polished with a polishing surface containing polyurethane with a positive zeta potential using abrasive grains with a positive zeta potential.
- the polyurethane and the abrasive grains having a positive zeta potential repel each other, resulting in poor affinity. Therefore, when an acidic slurry is used, the surface to be polished of a substrate having a negative zeta potential is polished with an acidic slurry containing abrasive grains having a positive zeta potential. It is preferable to use a polishing surface containing polyurethane having a negative potential.
- abrasive grains exhibiting a positive zeta potential are interposed between a surface to be polished having a negative zeta potential and a polished surface having a negative zeta potential. Exhibits high affinity for both the polished surface and the polished surface. As a result, the polishing rate is improved.
- the first polishing pad is a polishing pad containing polyurethane having an anionic carboxylic acid group on the polishing surface.
- the carboxylic acid group of the polyurethane comes into contact with an aqueous solution having a pH in the acidic region where the carboxylic acid group is ionized, the carboxylic acid group dissociates into —COO ⁇ and H + . Then, -COO the surface - by imparting a negative potential to the surface of the polyurethane.
- the surface of the polyurethane having a carboxylic acid group upon contact with carboxylic acid slurry of example pH3.0 ionizing carboxylic acid groups of the surface is -COO - dissociate, become less -1.0mV
- a surface having a zeta potential can be formed.
- a polishing pad including such a polyurethane on the polishing surface has a negative zeta potential of ⁇ 1.0 mV or less at pH 3.0 when the polishing surface is in contact with the acidic slurry, and exhibits a positive zeta potential in the acidic region. High affinity with abrasive grains.
- the abrasive surface and the polishing surface are polished by interposing abrasive grains exhibiting a positive zeta potential between the polished surface of the substrate having a negative zeta potential in the acidic region and the polishing surface exhibiting a negative zeta potential.
- Abrasive grains show high affinity for both surfaces. As a result, a high polishing rate is realized.
- the polyurethane contained in the polishing surface of the first polishing pad has a zeta potential at pH 3.0 of ⁇ 1.0 to ⁇ 40 mV, further ⁇ 2.0 to ⁇ 30 mV, particularly ⁇ 3.0 to ⁇ 27 mV. Is preferably ⁇ 5.0 to ⁇ 20 mV.
- the zeta potential at pH 3.0 of the polyurethane contained in the polishing surface of the first polishing pad is too high, the affinity between the abrasive grains and the polishing surface is lowered because of electrical repulsion.
- the zeta potential of polyurethane contained in the polishing surface of the first polishing pad at pH 3.0 is too low, the number of abrasive grains held on the polishing surface becomes excessive and the scratches on the surface to be polished are likely to increase. May be.
- the zeta potential is a potential generated on the surface of the electric double layer (sliding surface) by a counter ion according to the surface charge of the substance when the substance is in contact with the liquid.
- the zeta potential is measured by using an electrophoretic light scattering device (ELS-Z, manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.) and monitoring latex dispersed in 10 mM NaCl aqueous solution adjusted to pH 3.0 with HCl aqueous solution ( Zeta potential measured using Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- ELS-Z electrophoretic light scattering device
- the zeta potential at pH 5.0 of the polyurethane contained in the polishing surface of the first polishing pad is ⁇ 1.0 mV or less, further ⁇ 5.5 to ⁇ 40 mV, particularly ⁇ 7.5 to ⁇ 30 mV. Is preferably ⁇ 10 to ⁇ 30 mV from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a polished surface having a zeta potential of ⁇ 1.0 mV or less at pH 3.0.
- the slurry used for CMP is usually an aqueous dispersion using an aqueous medium such as water. Therefore, the higher the hydrophilicity of the polishing surface in contact with the slurry of the polishing pad used in CMP, the higher the affinity with the slurry.
- the second polishing pad is a polishing pad containing polyurethane having a hydroxyl group on the polishing surface.
- the hydroxyl group of the polyurethane retaining the hydroxyl group increases the hydrophilicity of the surface of the polyurethane and improves the wettability.
- a polishing pad containing a polyurethane having a hydroxyl group on the polishing surface is imparted with hydrophilicity by a hydroxyl group on the surface. As a result, a high polishing rate is achieved when the polishing surface comes into contact with the aqueous slurry.
- the polyurethane of the third example used as the material of the polishing pad of this embodiment has an amino group or imidazole group exhibiting cationic properties on the polishing surface.
- a polishing pad containing polyurethane having an amino group or an imidazole group on the polishing surface is used, a polishing pad having a polishing surface with a positive zeta potential even in a basic region can be provided. High affinity develops between the polished surface showing a positive zeta potential and the abrasive grains showing a negative zeta potential.
- the polyurethane forming each polished surface exemplified above has a storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. of 50 to 1200 MPa after saturation swelling with water at 50 ° C., further 100 to 1100 MPa, particularly 200 to 1000 MPa. It is preferable that When the storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. after saturation swelling of polyurethane with 50 ° C. water is too low, the polishing layer including the polishing surface becomes too soft and the polishing rate decreases, and when it is too high, the object to be polished There is a tendency for scratches to increase on the surface to be polished.
- the content of nitrogen atoms derived from isocyanate groups in the polyurethane contained in the polishing layer including each polishing surface is 4.5 to 7.6% by mass, more preferably 5.0 to 7.4% by mass, In particular, it is preferably 5.2 to 7.3% by mass from the viewpoint of easily obtaining a thermoplastic polyurethane having a storage elastic modulus at 50 ° C. of 50 to 1200 MPa after saturated swelling with water at 50 ° C. .
- the contact angle with water of the polyurethane contained in the polishing layer including each polishing surface is preferably 80 degrees or less, more preferably 78 degrees or less, particularly 76 degrees or less, and particularly preferably 74 degrees or less.
- the contact angle of polyurethane with water is too large, scratches tend to increase due to the decrease in hydrophilicity of the polished surface.
- the polishing layer including each polishing surface is finished into a polishing layer by adjusting the size, shape, thickness, etc. of a thermoplastic polyurethane sheet-like molded body by cutting, slicing, punching, or the like.
- the thickness of the polishing layer is not particularly limited, but is 0.3 to 5 mm, more preferably 1.7 to 2.8 mm, and particularly 2.0 to 2.5 mm, which is easy to produce and handle, and polishing performance. From the viewpoint of stability, it is preferable.
- the hardness of each polishing layer is preferably 60 or more, more preferably 65 or more in terms of JIS-D hardness.
- JIS-D hardness is too low, the followability of the polishing pad to the surface to be polished becomes high and local flatness tends to be lowered.
- a concave portion such as a groove or a hole is formed on the polishing surface of each polishing layer by, for example, a spiral pattern, a concentric circle pattern, a lattice pattern, or the like by a grinding process or a laser process.
- a concave portion supplies the slurry uniformly and sufficiently to the polishing surface, and serves to prevent polishing damage that causes scratches and to prevent damage to the wafer due to adsorption of the polishing layer.
- the distance between the grooves is preferably about 1.0 to 50 mm, more preferably about 1.5 to 30 mm, and particularly preferably about 2.0 to 15 mm.
- the groove width is preferably about 0.1 to 3.0 mm, more preferably about 0.2 to 2.0 mm.
- the depth of the groove is preferably about 0.2 to 1.8 mm, more preferably about 0.4 to 1.5 mm.
- a cross-sectional shape of the groove for example, a shape such as a rectangle, a trapezoid, a triangle, a semicircle, and the like is appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- the polyurethane forming each polishing layer may be thermoplastic polyurethane or thermosetting polyurethane.
- Thermoplastic polyurethane is particularly preferred because it can be continuously produced by continuous melt polymerization and is excellent in sheet formability.
- the polyurethane forming each polishing layer may be a foam or a non-foam.
- the polyurethane is preferably a non-foam from the viewpoint that the polishing characteristics hardly change and stable polishing can be realized.
- the foaming structure varies, and thus the polishing characteristics such as flatness and planarization efficiency tend to fluctuate. Further, it tends to be difficult to increase the hardness for improving the flatness.
- the density of the molded body is preferably 1.0 g / cm 3 or more, more preferably 1.1 g / cm 3 or more, and particularly preferably 1.2 g / cm 3 or more.
- the density of the molded body of thermoplastic polyurethane is too low, the polishing layer becomes too soft and local flatness tends to decrease.
- non-foamed thermoplastic polyurethane is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of excellent polishing stability due to high rigidity and material homogeneity.
- the polishing pad may be composed only of the above-mentioned polishing layer made of polyurethane, or may be a laminate in which a cushion layer is laminated on the surface of the polishing layer that is not the polishing surface, if necessary.
- the cushion layer is preferably a layer having a hardness lower than that of the polishing layer. When the hardness of the cushion layer is lower than the hardness of the polishing layer, the hard polishing layer follows the local unevenness of the surface to be polished, and the cushion layer does not warp or swell the entire substrate to be polished. In order to follow, polishing with excellent balance between global flatness and local flatness becomes possible.
- the material used as the cushion layer include a composite in which a nonwoven fabric is impregnated with polyurethane (for example, “Suba400” (manufactured by Nitta Haas Co., Ltd.)); natural rubber, nitrile rubber, polybutadiene rubber, silicone rubber, etc. Rubbers; polyester-based thermoplastic elastomers, polyamide-based thermoplastic elastomers, thermoplastic elastomers such as fluorine-based thermoplastic elastomers; foamed plastics; polyurethanes and the like.
- polyurethane having a foamed structure is particularly preferable from the viewpoint that flexibility preferable as a cushion layer can be easily obtained.
- the thickness of the cushion layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 0.5 to 5 mm, for example.
- the cushion layer is too thin, the follow-up effect on the warp and undulation of the entire surface to be polished tends to decrease and global flatness tends to decrease.
- the cushion layer is too thick, the entire polishing pad tends to be soft and stable polishing becomes difficult.
- the thickness of the polishing pad is preferably about 0.3 to 5 mm.
- the surface characteristics of the polishing surface can be modified after the production of the polishing pad.
- the polishing surface can be modified to be negative when an anionic functional group is introduced into the reactive site, and the polishing surface can be modified to be positive when a cationic functional group is introduced.
- the zeta potential of the polished surface can be changed.
- hydrophilicity can be imparted to the polished surface.
- the reactive site is not particularly limited as long as it is a site into which a functional group is introduced by reacting with another compound later, and may be an unsaturated bond or a functional group.
- an ethylenically unsaturated bond or a conjugated double bond in the polyurethane becomes a reactive site, and a desired functional group is imparted by reaction with another compound that undergoes Diels-Alder reaction.
- the zeta potential can be changed by 3 mV or more, further 5 mV or more, particularly 10 mV or more in the entire range of pH 5, preferably pH 5-8.
- polishing pad which contains a polyurethane in a polishing surface was typically demonstrated in the above example, the modification
- a CMP apparatus 10 including a circular rotating surface plate 2, a slurry supply nozzle 3, a carrier 4, and a pad conditioner 6 when used in a top view shown in FIG. 8 is used.
- the polishing pad 1 having the above-described polishing layer is attached to the surface of the rotating surface plate 2 with a double-sided tape or the like. Further, the carrier 4 supports the workpiece 5.
- the rotating surface plate 2 is rotated in a direction indicated by an arrow by a motor (not shown).
- the carrier 4 is rotated in the direction indicated by the arrow, for example, by a motor (not shown) within the surface of the rotating surface plate 2.
- the pad conditioner 6 is also rotated in the direction of the arrow, for example, by a motor (not shown) in the plane of the rotating surface plate 2.
- polishing surface of the polishing pad 1 that is fixed to the rotating platen 2 and rotating, for example, a pad conditioner 6 for CMP, in which diamond particles are fixed to the surface of the carrier by nickel electrodeposition, is pressed. Then, the polishing surface of the polishing pad 1 is conditioned. Conditioning adjusts the polished surface to a surface roughness suitable for polishing the surface to be polished.
- the slurry 7 is supplied from the slurry supply nozzle 3 to the polishing surface of the rotating polishing pad 1.
- the slurry is, for example, a liquid medium such as water or oil; abrasive grains such as silica, alumina, cerium oxide, zirconium oxide, and silicon carbide; an oxidizing agent such as base, acid, surfactant, hydrogen peroxide solution,
- An acidic slurry used for CMP containing a reducing agent, a chelating agent and the like is preferably used.
- the slurry includes an acidic slurry, an alkaline slurry, and a slurry in the vicinity of neutrality.
- the pH is 2.0 to 7.0, particularly Is preferable from the viewpoint that high affinity with the slurry can be maintained even when CMP is performed using an acidic slurry having a pH of 3.0 to 6.0.
- an oxidizing agent is contained in the slurry, even a polishing layer having an aldehyde group or a hydroxyl group on the surface before polishing is oxidized to a carboxylic acid group by the oxidizing agent in the slurry.
- the zeta potential of the polished surface can be negative.
- the object 5 to be polished which is fixed to the carrier 4 and rotates, is pressed against the polishing pad 1 where the slurry 7 has spread evenly over the polishing surface of the polishing layer. Then, the polishing process is continued until a predetermined flatness is obtained. By adjusting the pressing force applied during polishing and the speed of relative movement between the rotating surface plate 2 and the carrier 4, the finished quality is affected.
- the polishing conditions are not particularly limited, but for efficient polishing, the rotation speed of each of the rotating platen and the carrier is preferably low rotation of 300 rpm or less, and the pressure applied to the object to be polished causes scratches after polishing. It is preferable to set it to 150 kPa or less so as not to occur.
- the slurry is preferably continuously supplied to the polishing surface with a pump or the like.
- the supply amount of the slurry is not particularly limited, but it is preferable to supply the slurry so that the polishing surface is always covered with the slurry.
- the object to be polished is thoroughly washed with running water, and then water droplets adhering to the object to be polished are removed by using a spin dryer or the like and dried.
- a spin dryer or the like water droplets adhering to the object to be polished are removed by using a spin dryer or the like and dried.
- Such CMP of this embodiment is preferably used for polishing in manufacturing processes of various semiconductor devices, MEMS (Micro Electro Mechanical Systems) and the like.
- objects to be polished include an insulating film such as an oxide film formed on a semiconductor substrate, a metal film for wiring such as copper, aluminum, and tungsten; a barrier metal film such as tantalum, titanium, tantalum nitride, and titanium nitride; In particular, it is preferably used for polishing an insulating film such as an oxide film. It is also possible to polish a metal film on which a pattern such as a wiring pattern or a dummy pattern is formed. The pitch between lines in the pattern varies depending on the product, but is usually about 50 nm to 100 ⁇ m.
- Cis-2-butene-1,4-diol (CBD), a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, 1,5-pentanediol (PD), a chain extender having no ethylenically unsaturated bond , Polytetramethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 850 (PTG850), and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) in a total amount with a chain extender having no ethylenically unsaturated bond
- the ratio of the chain extender (CBD) having a ratio of 20 mol% is mixed at a blending ratio (mass%) shown in Table 1 and continuously fed to a twin-screw extruder rotating coaxially by a metering pump.
- thermoplastic polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- PU1 pellets were sandwiched between Teflon sheets and press molded at 200 to 230 ° C. to obtain a molded sheet of PU1 having a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 mm.
- the molded sheet of PU1 is immersed in a 0.25% by mass aqueous solution of sorbic acid (SBA) at 50 ° C., left for 24 hours, taken out, washed with water and dried. did. A molded sheet of PU1 thus modified was obtained.
- SBA sorbic acid
- a molded sheet of PU1 having a thickness of 0.3 mm before and after the modification treatment was prepared. Each molded sheet was allowed to stand for 3 days under conditions of 20 ° C. and 65% RH, and the contact angle with water was measured using DropMaster500 manufactured by Kyowa Interface Science Co., Ltd.
- Example 2 PU1 was modified in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 0.25 mass% aqueous solution of 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) at 50 ° C. was used as the aqueous solution of the compound (B1) having a conjugated double bond. Processed and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 1.
- FDCA 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid
- Example 3 PU1 was modified and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 0.25 mass% aqueous solution of furfuryl alcohol (FFA) at 50 ° C. was used as the aqueous solution of the compound (B1) having a conjugated double bond. did. The results are shown in Table 1.
- FFA furfuryl alcohol
- Example 4 PU1 was modified and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that a 0.25% by mass aqueous solution of divinyleneimine (DBI) at 50 ° C. was used as the aqueous solution of the compound (B1) having a conjugated double bond. The results are shown in Table 1.
- DBI divinyleneimine
- Cis-2-butene-1,4-diol which is a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, polytetramethylene glycol (PTG850) having a number average molecular weight of 850, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) ),
- PTG850 polytetramethylene glycol
- MDI 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- the proportion of chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond (CBD) in the total amount with the chain extender having no ethylenically unsaturated bond is 100 mol%, as shown in Table 1.
- Example 1 Example 1 was a twin-screw extruder rotating coaxially by a metering pump to perform continuous melt polymerization of thermoplastic polyurethane.
- the melted thermoplastic polyurethane strand extruded from the twin-screw extruder was continuously extruded into water and cooled, and then cut into pellets by a pelletizer.
- the obtained pellets were dehumidified and dried at 80 ° C. for 20 hours to produce a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU2) having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- PU2 was reformed and evaluated in the same manner as Example 1 except that PU2 was used instead of PU1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 6 PU2 was modified and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 5 except that a 0.25 mass% aqueous solution of FDCA at 50 ° C. was used as the aqueous solution of the compound (B1) having a conjugated double bond. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Cis-3-nonen-1-ol which is a chain extender having an ethylenically unsaturated bond
- 1,5-pentanediol which is a chain extender having no ethylenically unsaturated bond
- Polytetramethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 850 (PTG850) and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in a total amount with a chain extender having no ethylenically unsaturated bond
- the proportion of chain extender (CNO) is 20 mol%, mixed at the blending ratio shown in Table 1, and continuously fed to a twin-screw extruder that rotates coaxially by a metering pump.
- thermoplastic polyurethane (PU3) having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- PU3 was reformed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PU3 was used instead of PU1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 8 PU3 was modified and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 7 except that a 0.25 mass% aqueous solution of FDCA at 50 ° C. was used as the aqueous solution of the compound (B1) having a conjugated double bond. The results are shown in Table 1.
- 1,5-pentanediol (PD), a polybutadiene diol having a number average molecular weight of 1000, which is a polymer polyol having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, polytetramethylene glycol (PTG850) having a number average molecular weight of 850, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane Diisocyanate (MDI) is mixed at the blending ratio shown in Table 1 so that the ratio of the polymer diol having an ethylenically unsaturated bond in the total amount with PTG850 is 20 mol%, and is rotated coaxially by a metering pump.
- thermoplastic polyurethane having an ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- PU4 was reformed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PU4 was used instead of PU1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 10 PU4 was subjected to a modification treatment in the same manner as in Example 9 except that a 0.25 mass% aqueous solution of FDCA at 50 ° C. was used as the aqueous solution of the compound (B1) having a conjugated double bond. The results are shown in Table 1.
- thermoplastic polyurethane 1,5-pentanediol (PD), polytetramethylene glycol (PTG850) having a number average molecular weight of 850, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) are mixed at the blending ratio shown in Table 1, and are mixed with a metering pump.
- Continuous melt polymerization of thermoplastic polyurethane was performed by continuously feeding to a twin-screw extruder rotating coaxially. The melted thermoplastic polyurethane strand extruded from the twin-screw extruder was continuously extruded into water and cooled, and then cut into pellets by a pelletizer. The obtained pellets were dehumidified and dried at 80 ° C.
- thermoplastic polyurethane (PU5) having no ethylenically unsaturated bond.
- PU5 was reformed and evaluated in the same manner as Example 1 except that PU5 was used instead of PU1. The results are shown in Table 1.
- Example 11 4-hydroxymethyl-5-methylimidazole (HMI), 1,5-pentanediol (PD), polytetramethylene glycol (PTG850) having a number average molecular weight of 850, which are chain extenders having a conjugated double bond, and 4, 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) is mixed in the blending ratio shown in Table 2 so that the ratio of HMI in the total amount with PD is 20 mol%, and is mixed into a twin screw extruder coaxially rotated by a metering pump. Continuous melt polymerization of thermoplastic polyurethane was performed by continuously feeding.
- HMI 4-hydroxymethyl-5-methylimidazole
- PD 1,5-pentanediol
- PTG850 polytetramethylene glycol
- MDI 4'-diphenylmethane diisocyanate
- thermoplastic polyurethane (PU11) having a conjugated double bond.
- Example 2 a molded sheet of PU11 having a thickness of 0.3 to 0.5 mm was obtained using a hot press. Then, as an aqueous solution of the compound (B2) having an ethylenically unsaturated bond, a molded sheet of PU11 is immersed in a 0.25% by mass aqueous solution of maleic acid (MA) at 50 ° C., left for 24 hours, taken out, washed with water, Dried. Thus, a molded sheet of PU11 subjected to the modification treatment was obtained. Then, the surface characteristics of PU 11 before and after the modification treatment were evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1. The results are shown in Table 2 below.
- Example 12 PU11 was modified in the same manner as in Example 11 except that an aqueous solution of the compound (B2) having an ethylenically unsaturated bond was a 0.25 mass% aqueous solution of 3-amino-1-propene (3A1P) at 50 ° C. Quality processed and evaluated. The results are shown in Table 2.
- thermoplastic polyurethane 1,5-pentanediol (PD), polytetramethylene glycol (PTG850) having a number average molecular weight of 850, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) are mixed at the blending ratio shown in Table 1 and mixed with a metering pump.
- Continuous melt polymerization of thermoplastic polyurethane was performed by continuously feeding to a twin-screw extruder rotating coaxially. The melted thermoplastic polyurethane strand extruded from the twin-screw extruder was continuously extruded into water and cooled, and then cut into pellets by a pelletizer. The obtained pellets were dehumidified and dried at 80 ° C. for 20 hours to produce a thermoplastic polyurethane (PU12) having no conjugated double bond.
- PU12 thermoplastic polyurethane
- Example 11 PU12 was reformed and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PU12 was used instead of
- Example 13 cis-2-butene-1,4-diol (CBD), 1,5-pentanediol (PD), polytetramethylene glycol (PTG850) having a number average molecular weight of 850, and 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) These were mixed at the blending ratio (mass%) shown in Table 3, and solution polymerization of the thermoplastic polyurethane was performed in a 20 mass% DMF solution. Then, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) was added to the solution so as to be 0.25% by mass for modification. Thereafter, the resulting solution was dehumidified and dried at 80 ° C.
- CBD cis-2-butene-1,4-diol
- PD 1,5-pentanediol
- PEG850 polytetramethylene glycol having a number average molecular weight of 850
- MDI 4,4′-diphenylmethane di
- thermoplastic polyurethane having a carboxylic acid. Evaluation was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PU21 was used instead of PU1 and the subsequent reforming treatment was omitted, and the results are shown in Table 3.
- thermoplastic polyurethane (PU22). Evaluation was conducted in the same manner as in Example 1 except that PU22 was used instead of PU1 and the subsequent reforming treatment was omitted, and the results are shown in Table 3.
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Abstract
Description
本発明に係るポリウレタンの改質方法の第1実施形態について以下に説明する。第1実施形態のポリウレタンの改質方法は、エチレン性不飽和結合を有するポリウレタンを準備する工程と、ポリウレタンのエチレン性不飽和結合に共役二重結合を有する化合物を反応させる工程と、を含む。
本発明に係るポリウレタンの改質方法の第2実施形態について以下に説明する。第2実施形態のポリウレタンの改質方法は、共役二重結合を有するポリウレタンを準備する工程と、ポリウレタンの共役二重結合にエチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を反応させる工程と、を含む。
第1実施形態のエチレン性不飽和結合を有するポリウレタン、または第2実施形態の共役二重結合を有するポリウレタンの製造方法について、熱可塑性ポリウレタンを製造する方法を例として、さらに詳しく説明する。
第1~第3実施形態で説明した、種々の官能基を有するように改質されたポリウレタンは、その官能基による表面特性を活かして、研磨パッドの素材として好ましく用いられる。以下、このような研磨パッドの例について説明する。
例えば、CMPに用いられるスラリーとしては、酸性のスラリーやアルカリ性のスラリーがある。酸性のスラリーとアルカリ性のスラリーとは、研磨の目的に応じて選択されたり、多段の研磨プロセスを行う場合にそれらを併用したりして用いられる。アルカリ性のスラリーに含まれる砥粒は、通常、負のゼータ電位を有する。アルカリ性のスラリーを使用した場合、アルカリ性でゼータ電位が負になるポリウレタンを含む研磨面に対して、負のゼータ電位を有する砥粒は反発するために、研磨面に研磨屑が付着しにくくなってスクラッチやディフェクトの発生が低減する。しかしながら、アルカリ性においてゼータ電位が負になるポリウレタンであっても、酸性のスラリーを用いた場合には、ゼータ電位が正になることが多かった。
CMPに用いられるスラリーは、通常、水等の水系媒体を用いた水系の分散液である。そのために、CMPに用いられる研磨パッドのスラリーに接触する研磨面の親水性が高ければ高いほど、スラリーとの親和性が高くなる。
本実施形態の研磨パッドの素材として用いられる第3の例のポリウレタンとしては、研磨面に、カチオン性を示すアミノ基またはイミダゾール基を有するものである。研磨面にアミノ基またはイミダゾール基を有するポリウレタンを含む研磨パッドを用いた場合、塩基性領域においてもゼータ電位が正になる研磨面を有する研磨パッドを提供することが出来る。正のゼータ電位を示す研磨面と、負のゼータ電位を示す砥粒との間に高い親和性が発現する。
次に、上述したような研磨パッドを用いたCMPの一実施形態について説明する。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する鎖伸長剤であるcis-2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール(CBD)、エチレン性不飽和結合を有さない鎖伸長剤である1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、エチレン性不飽和結合を有さない鎖伸長剤との合計量中のエチレン性不飽和結合を有する鎖伸長剤(CBD)の割合が20モル%になる、表1に示した配合割合(質量%)で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU1)を製造した。
30mm×60mmに切り出したPU1の成形シートの表面を洗浄した。そして、電気泳動光散乱装置(ELS-Z、大塚電子(株)製)を使用し、平板測定用セルにサンプルを取り付け、pH3.0、及びpH5.0にHCl水溶液で調整した10mM NaCl水溶液中に分散したモニターラテックス(大塚電子(株)製)を用いて測定した。同様に、pH8.0にNaOH水溶液で調整した10mM NaCl水溶液中に分散したモニターラテックスを用いても測定を行った。図9に、実施例1及び後述する実施例2で得られた研磨パッドの、ゼータ電位のpH依存性を示すグラフを示す。
改質処理前及び改質処理後の厚さ0.3mmのPU1の成形シートを準備した。各成形シートを20℃、65%RHの条件下に3日間放置した後、協和界面科学(株)製DropMaster500を用いて水に対する接触角を測定した。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃の2,5-フランジカルボン酸(FDCA)の0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU1を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃のフルフリルアルコール(FFA)の0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU1を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃のジビニレンイミン(DBI)の0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU1を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する鎖伸長剤であるcis-2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール(CBD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、エチレン性不飽和結合を有さない鎖伸長剤との合計量中のエチレン性不飽和結合を有する鎖伸長剤(CBD)の割合が100モル%になる、表1に示した配合割合(質量%)で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU2)を製造した。
実施例1において、PU1の代わりにPU2を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU2を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃のFDCAの0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例5と同様にしてPU2を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する鎖伸長剤であるcis-3-ノネン-1-オール(CNO)、エチレン性不飽和結合を有さない鎖伸長剤である1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、エチレン性不飽和結合を有さない鎖伸長剤との合計量中のエチレン性不飽和結合を有する鎖伸長剤(CNO)の割合が20モル%になる、表1に示した配合割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU3)を製造した。
実施例1において、PU1の代わりにPU3を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU3を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃のFDCAの0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例7と同様にしてPU3を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する高分子ポリオールである数平均分子量1000のポリブタジエンジオール、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、PTG850との合計量中のエチレン性不飽和結合を有する高分子ジオールの割合が20モル%になる、表1に示した配合割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU4)を製造した。実施例1において、PU1の代わりにPU4を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU4を改質処理した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃のFDCAの0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例9と同様にしてPU4を改質処理質した。結果を表1に示す。
1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、表1に示した配合割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、エチレン性不飽和結合を有しない熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU5)を製造した。実施例1において、PU1の代わりにPU5を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU5を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する化合物(B1)の水溶液として、50℃のFDCAの0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は比較例1と同様にしてPU5を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表1に示す。
共役二重結合を有する鎖伸長剤である4-ヒドロキシメチル-5-メチルイミダゾール(HMI)、1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、PDとの合計量中のHMIの割合が20モル%になる、表2に示した配合割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、共役二重結合を有する熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU11)を製造した。
施例1と同様にして評価した。結果を下記表2に示す。
エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物(B2)の水溶液として、50℃の3-アミノ-1-プロペン(3A1P)の0.25質量%水溶液を用いた以外は実施例11と同様にしてPU11を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、表1に示した配合割合で混合し、定量ポンプにより同軸で回転する2軸押出機に連続的に供給して、熱可塑性ポリウレタンの連続溶融重合を行った。そして、2軸押出機から押し出された溶融状態の熱可塑性ポリウレタンのストランドを水中に連続的に押出して冷却した後、ペレタイザーで細断してペレットにした。そして、得られたペレットを80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、共役二重結合を有しない熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU12)を製造した。実施例11において、PU11の代わりにPU12を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にしてPU12を改質処理し、評価した。結果を表2に示す。
cis-2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール(CBD)、1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、表3に示した配合割合(質量%)で混合し、20質量%DMF溶液中で熱可塑性ポリウレタンの溶液重合を行った。そして、溶液中において2,5-フランジカルボン酸(FDCA)を0.25質量%となるよう添加し改質した。その後得られた溶液を80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、カルボン酸を有する熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU21)を製造した。PU1の代わりにPU21を用い、後の改質処理を省略した以外は実施例1と同様にして評価し、結果を表3に示す。
1,5-ペンタンジオール(PD)、数平均分子量850のポリテトラメチレングリコール(PTG850)、及び4,4’-ジフェニルメタンジイソシアネート(MDI)を、表3に示した配合割合(質量%)で混合し、20wt%DMF溶液中で熱可塑性ポリウレタンの溶液重合を行った。そして、溶液中において2,5-フランジカルボン酸(FDCA)を0.25質量%となるよう添加した。その後得られた溶液を80℃で20時間除湿乾燥することにより、熱可塑性ポリウレタン(PU22)を製造した。PU1の代わりにPU22を用い、後の改質処理を省略した以外は実施例1と同様にして評価し、結果を表3に示す。
2 回転定盤
3 スラリー供給ノズル
4 キャリア
5 被研磨物
6 パッドコンディショナー
10 CMP装置
Claims (19)
- エチレン性不飽和結合を有するポリウレタンを準備する工程と、
前記ポリウレタンを、共役二重結合を有する化合物を含有する液で処理する工程と、を含むポリウレタンの改質方法。 - 前記ポリウレタンは、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物に由来するポリマー構成単位を含む請求項1に記載のポリウレタンの改質方法。
- 前記エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物が、cis-2-ブテン-1,4-ジオール,4,5-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)イミダゾール,5-ノルボルネン-2,3-ジメタノール,cis-2-ノネン-1-オール,cis-3-ノネン-1-オール,cis-3-オクテン-1-オール、ポリブタジエンジオールからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む請求項2に記載のポリウレタンの改質方法。
- 共役二重結合を有するポリウレタンを準備する工程と、
前記ポリウレタンを、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を含有する液で処理する工程と、を含むポリウレタンの改質方法。 - 前記ポリウレタンは、共役二重結合を有する化合物に由来するポリマー構成単位を含むポリウレタンである請求項4に記載のポリウレタンの改質方法。
- 前記共役二重結合を有する化合物が、4,5-ビス(ヒドロキシメチル)イミダゾール,4-ヒドロキシメチル-5-メチルイミダゾール,ポリエチレンフラノエートからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種の化合物を含む請求項5に記載のポリウレタンの改質方法。
- エチレン性不飽和結合を有するポリウレタン。
- 前記エチレン性不飽和結合に、共役二重結合を有する化合物を付加させた請求項7に記載のポリウレタン。
- カルボン酸基を有する請求項8に記載のポリウレタン。
- 共役二重結合を有するポリウレタン。
- 前記共役二重結合に、エチレン性不飽和結合を有する化合物を付加させた請求項10に記載のポリウレタン。
- カルボン酸基を有する請求項11に記載のポリウレタン。
- 少なくとも研磨面に請求項7~9の何れか1項に記載のポリウレタンを含み、pH3.0におけるゼータ電位が-1.0mV以下である研磨パッド。
- 少なくとも研磨面に請求項10~12の何れか1項に記載のポリウレタンを含み、pH3.0におけるゼータ電位が-1.0mV以下である研磨パッド。
- 少なくとも研磨面に反応性部位を有する樹脂を含む、研磨パッドを準備する工程と、
前記反応性部位に化合物を反応させて官能基を付加する工程と、を含む研磨パッドの改質方法。 - 前記官能基が、アニオン性官能基またはカチオン性官能基である請求項15に記載の研磨パッドの改質方法。
- 前記官能基が、カルボン酸基,スルホン基,リン酸基,アミノ基,水酸基またはイミダゾール基である請求項15に記載の研磨パッドの改質方法。
- 前記官能基の付加により、前記研磨面のゼータ電位が変化する請求項15~17の何れか1項に記載の研磨パッドの改質方法。
- 前記研磨面の前記ゼータ電位が3mV以上変化する請求項18に記載の研磨パッドの改質方法。
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- 2019-04-26 IL IL278376A patent/IL278376B2/en unknown
- 2019-04-26 WO PCT/JP2019/018022 patent/WO2019216279A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2019-04-26 KR KR1020207031051A patent/KR102489189B1/ko active Active
- 2019-04-26 CN CN201980031163.7A patent/CN112105667B/zh active Active
- 2019-04-26 JP JP2020518281A patent/JP7068445B2/ja active Active
- 2019-04-26 EP EP19798967.6A patent/EP3792295A4/en active Pending
- 2019-05-10 TW TW108116169A patent/TWI802694B/zh active
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2024
- 2024-06-25 US US18/753,038 patent/US20240342858A1/en active Pending
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Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3960369A1 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-02 | SKC Solmics Co., Ltd. | Polishing pad and method for preparing semiconductor device using the same |
| JP2022036931A (ja) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-03-08 | エスケーシー ソルミックス カンパニー,リミテッド | 研磨パッドおよびこれを用いた半導体素子の製造方法 |
| JP7239653B2 (ja) | 2020-08-24 | 2023-03-14 | エスケーシー ソルミックス カンパニー,リミテッド | 研磨パッドおよびこれを用いた半導体素子の製造方法 |
| US12362232B2 (en) | 2020-08-24 | 2025-07-15 | Sk Enpulse Co., Ltd. | Polishing pad and method for preparing semiconductor device using the same |
| WO2023149434A1 (ja) * | 2022-02-02 | 2023-08-10 | 株式会社クラレ | 研磨層、研磨パッド、研磨パッドの製造方法及び研磨方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| IL278376B2 (en) | 2024-08-01 |
| JP7068445B2 (ja) | 2022-05-16 |
| TW201946943A (zh) | 2019-12-16 |
| CN112105667A (zh) | 2020-12-18 |
| IL278376A (ja) | 2021-03-01 |
| TWI802694B (zh) | 2023-05-21 |
| US12109665B2 (en) | 2024-10-08 |
| CN112105667B (zh) | 2023-01-10 |
| EP3792295A4 (en) | 2022-05-11 |
| EP3792295A1 (en) | 2021-03-17 |
| US20240342858A1 (en) | 2024-10-17 |
| KR102489189B1 (ko) | 2023-01-17 |
| US20210276143A1 (en) | 2021-09-09 |
| KR20200136982A (ko) | 2020-12-08 |
| JPWO2019216279A1 (ja) | 2021-06-17 |
| IL278376B1 (en) | 2024-04-01 |
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