WO2019176605A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2019176605A1 WO2019176605A1 PCT/JP2019/008273 JP2019008273W WO2019176605A1 WO 2019176605 A1 WO2019176605 A1 WO 2019176605A1 JP 2019008273 W JP2019008273 W JP 2019008273W WO 2019176605 A1 WO2019176605 A1 WO 2019176605A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
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- group
- aromatic
- substituted
- carbon atoms
- unsubstituted
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- CIOBUWZAJQRSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N C(C(C=C1)c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)C=C1c1nc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c(cc2)ccc2-[n](c(cccc2)c2c2c3)c2cc2c3c(cccc3)c3[n]2-c2ccccc2)n1 Chemical compound C(C(C=C1)c(cc2)ccc2-c2ccccc2)C=C1c1nc(-c2ccccc2)cc(-c(cc2)ccc2-[n](c(cccc2)c2c2c3)c2cc2c3c(cccc3)c3[n]2-c2ccccc2)n1 CIOBUWZAJQRSBA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- JQNGIEATUQFQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N C1C=C(c(ccc(c2c3cccc2)c2[n]3-c(cc3)ccc3-c3nc(-c4ccccc4)nc(-c4ccccc4)n3)c2N2c3cccc(-c4ccccc4)c3)C2=CC1 Chemical compound C1C=C(c(ccc(c2c3cccc2)c2[n]3-c(cc3)ccc3-c3nc(-c4ccccc4)nc(-c4ccccc4)n3)c2N2c3cccc(-c4ccccc4)c3)C2=CC1 JQNGIEATUQFQRD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/649—Aromatic compounds comprising a hetero atom
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a delayed fluorescence emission type organic electroluminescence device (referred to as an organic EL device).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism uses the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by the collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- the efficiency is lower than that of a phosphorescent organic EL element, further improvement in efficiency is required.
- Non-Patent Document 1 discloses a delayed fluorescence emission type organic EL device using a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons occurs in materials where the energy difference between singlet and triplet levels is small. It is thought to be increased to 100%.
- TADF thermally activated delayed fluorescence
- Patent Document 1 and Non-Patent Document 1 disclose the use of an indolocarbazole compound as a TADF material.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a phosphorescent organic EL device using an indolocarbazole compound and a carbazole compound as a host, but does not disclose use as a delayed fluorescence emission type light emitting layer material.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a delayed fluorescence organic EL device using the following compound as a host and using an indoloindole compound as a light emitting material.
- Patent Document 4 a delayed fluorescence emission organic compound in which 9-([1,1'-biphenyl] -4-yl) -9H-carbazole is used as a host and a cyanobenzene compound is used as a light-emitting material.
- An EL device is disclosed.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a delayed fluorescence organic EL device using the following compound as a host and using an indolocarbazole compound containing a cyano group as a light emitting material. However, none of them are sufficient, and further improvement in characteristics is demanded.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while having a low driving voltage in view of the above-described present situation.
- the present invention relates to an organic EL device comprising one or more light-emitting layers between an anode and a cathode facing each other, wherein at least one light-emitting layer comprises at least one host material and at least one heat-activated delayed fluorescent material.
- at least one of the host materials is represented by the general formula (1)
- at least one of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent materials is represented by the following general formula (2) It is a light emitting element.
- each R 1 is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- R 1 is not a carbazolyl group.
- Z is represented by the formula (2a)
- the ring A in the formula (2a) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by the formula (2b)
- the ring B is a heterocyclic ring represented by the formula (2c).
- ring A and ring B are each fused with an adjacent ring at an arbitrary position.
- X is selected from N—Ar 2 , an oxygen atom, and a sulfur atom.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or the aromatic hydrocarbon group And a linked aromatic group constituted by connecting 2 to 6 aromatic rings of an aromatic group selected from the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are linked aromatic groups, the linked aromatic rings may be the same or different.
- R 2 each independently represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms. It is a heterocyclic group and may be condensed with an adjacent ring to form a condensed ring.
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3
- c and d independently represent an integer of 0 to 4
- j represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- At least one R 1 is a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted triazolyl A group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a linked aromatic group formed by linking these two to four.
- R 1 are each independently a substituted or phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzofuranyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted dibenzothiophenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted A triazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted benzimidazolyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted fluorenyl group, or a linked aromatic group formed by linking these two to four.
- the host material is a mixed host material containing at least one compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the host material is a mixed host material containing at least two types of compounds represented by the general formula (1).
- the difference between excited singlet energy (S1) and excited triplet energy (T1) of thermally activated delayed fluorescent material is 0.2 eV or less, and excited triplet of host material represented by general formula (1)
- the energy (T1) is greater than the excited singlet energy (S1) and the excited triplet energy (T1) of the thermally activated delayed fluorescence delayed fluorescent material.
- X is represented by one N—Ar 2 .
- a 1 and Ar 1 is represented by formula (3).
- Y is an N atom or CR 3 , and at least one Y is an N atom.
- R 3 is a hydrogen atom or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms.
- L 2 is a single bond, an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms
- Ar 3 is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted carbon, Fragrance of an aromatic group selected from an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group A group formed by connecting 2 to 4 group rings.
- the organic EL element of the present invention contains a specific host material and a specific thermally activated delayed fluorescent material in the light emitting layer, it can be an organic EL element having a high light emission efficiency and a long lifetime at a low driving voltage. .
- the organic EL device of the present invention has one or more light emitting layers between an anode and a cathode facing each other, and at least one of the light emitting layers is composed of a host material represented by the general formula (1) and the general formula ( 2) Contains a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material (referred to as TADF material).
- TADF material a thermally activated delayed fluorescent material
- the general formula (1) will be described.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is also referred to as a p-biphenylcarbazole compound because it has a skeleton in which biphenyl and a carbazole ring are linked to the para position.
- R 1 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- An aromatic heterocyclic group or a linked aromatic group constituted by connecting 2 to 6 aromatic rings of an aromatic group selected from the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- R 1 is not a substituted or unsubstituted carbazolyl group. Further, when R 1 has a ring, the ring may be condensed with a carbazole ring.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, cyclopentyl group, hexyl group, cyclohexyl group, methylcyclohexyl group, heptyl group, Examples thereof include alkyl groups such as octyl group.
- the above aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, and linked aromatic group can have a substituent.
- substituents include an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, preferably an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, and 1 to 8 carbon atoms. There are alkoxy groups.
- the aliphatic hydrocarbon group examples include alkyl groups such as a methyl group, an ethyl group, a propyl group, a butyl group, a pentyl group, a cyclopentyl group, a hexyl group, a cyclohexyl group, a methylcyclohexyl group, a heptyl group, and an octyl group.
- alkoxy group include a methoxy group, an ethoxy group, a propoxy group, and a butoxy group.
- the aromatic ring of the aromatic group selected from the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group is 2 Specific examples of the linked aromatic group composed of 6 or more include benzene, naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, triphenylene, acenaphthene, coronene, indene, fluorene, fluoranthrene, tetracene , Pentacene, furan, dibenzofuran, thiophene, dibenzothiophene, oxazole, pyrrole, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, benzimidazole, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole, pyrazole,
- a group formed by taking one hydrogen from a linked aromatic compound Even more preferably, a group formed by taking one hydrogen from benzene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, triazine, benzimidazole, fluorene, or a linked aromatic compound formed by linking these two to four. Examples of the linked aromatic compound include biphenyl and terphenyl.
- the ring may be condensed with a carbazole ring.
- a carbazole ring For example, when a benzene ring, a naphthalene ring, a furan ring, a thiophene ring, an indole ring or the like is included, these rings may be condensed with a carbazole ring to form four or more condensed rings.
- the condensed ring is preferably 4 to 6 rings, more preferably 4 or 5 rings.
- a linked aromatic group is a group in which two or more aromatic rings are linked by a direct bond, and the linked aromatic rings may be the same or different, and are aromatic hydrocarbons. It may be a ring, an aromatic heterocyclic group, a straight chain or a branched chain. Moreover, it can also have a substituent.
- the number of carbon atoms of the linked aromatic group is the sum of the number of carbon atoms of the constituted aromatic group.
- At least one of R 1 is a phenyl group, a dibenzofuranyl group, a dibenzothiophenyl group, a triazolyl group, a benzimidazolyl group, a fluorenyl group, and a linked aromatic group formed by connecting two to four of these.
- An aromatic group selected from the group consisting of groups, or a substituted aromatic group having a substituent bonded thereto.
- at least two of R 1 are the aromatic group or the substituted aromatic group.
- the substituent in this case is the same as described above, but is preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- an aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, or the like whose carbon number is specified has a substituent
- the number of carbon atoms of these aromatic hydrocarbon group, aromatic heterocyclic group, etc. is not calculated for the calculation.
- the total number of carbon atoms including substituents is preferably within the above specified range.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescent material (TADF material) will be described.
- the TADF material is a compound represented by the general formula (2) or a material containing the compound.
- Z is a group represented by formula (2a)
- ring A in formula (2a) is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by formula (2b)
- ring B is represented by formula (2c).
- the ring A and the ring B are each condensed with an adjacent ring at an arbitrary position.
- X is selected from N—Ar 2 , an oxygen atom, or a sulfur atom.
- X is N—Ar 2 .
- a represents an integer of 1 to 3, preferably an integer of 1 to 2, and more preferably an integer of 1.
- c and d independently represent an integer of 0 to 4, and j represents an integer of 0 to 2.
- c + d + j is an integer of 0 to 4, more preferably 0, 1 or 2.
- Ar 1 is an a-valent group
- Ar 2 is a monovalent group
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 are each independently a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms, or the aromatic hydrocarbon A linked aromatic group constituted by connecting 2 to 6 aromatic rings of an aromatic group selected from the group and the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- it is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 16 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 15 carbon atoms, or the aromatic hydrocarbon group and the aromatic heterocyclic group.
- the description of the linked aromatic group is referred to.
- Ar 1 and Ar 2 include benzene, naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, triphenylene, acenaphthene, coronene, indene, fluorene, fluoranthrene, tetracene, pentacene, furan, dibenzofuran, thiophene.
- benzene More preferably, from benzene, naphthalene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, diphenyltriazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole, or a linked aromatic compound formed by linking these two to four.
- benzene naphthalene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, diphenyltriazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole, or a linked aromatic compound formed by linking these two to four.
- a linked aromatic compound formed by linking these two to four is mentioned.
- Ar 1 is preferably a group represented by Formula (3) above.
- L 2 is a single bond or a divalent group.
- the divalent group is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or an aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- Preferred is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 3 to 16 carbon atoms, and more preferred is an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 carbon atoms.
- the aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 carbon atoms is a phenylene group.
- L 2 other than a single bond examples include benzene, naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, triphenylene, acenaphthene, coronene, indene, fluorene, fluoranthrene, tetracene, pentacene, furan, dibenzofuran, thiophene.
- Y is an N atom or CAr 3 , and at least one Y is an N atom.
- Ar 3 is independently a hydrogen atom, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms.
- aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups include benzene, fluorene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, benzimidazole, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole and pyrazole.
- Ar 1 , Ar 2 , Ar 3 , and L 2 are an aromatic hydrocarbon group, an aromatic heterocyclic group, or a linked aromatic group, they can have a substituent.
- the substituent is the same as that described for the substituent of R 1 in the general formula (1).
- R 2 represents an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms. And when R 2 has a ring, it may be condensed with the ring it substitutes to form a condensed ring. In this case, the condensed ring is preferably 6 to 10 rings.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, butyl group, pentyl group, hexyl group, heptyl group, octyl group, nonane group, decane group and the like. Can be mentioned.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms or the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 17 carbon atoms include benzene, naphthalene, azulene, anthracene, phenanthrene, fluorene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, pyridine, Pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, diphenyltriazine, benzimidazole, oxadiazole, triazole, imidazole, pyrazole, thiazole, indole, indazole, benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, quinoxaline, quinazoline, cinnoline, quinoline, isoquinoline, phthalazine , A group formed by taking one hydrogen from naphthyridine, carbazole, carboline, diazacarbazole and the like.
- More preferred is a group formed by taking one hydrogen from benzene, naphthalene, dibenzofuran, dibenzothiophene, pyridine, pyridazine, pyrimidine, pyrazine, triazine, diphenyltriazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, carbazole and the like.
- R 2 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group or an aromatic heterocyclic group, it can have a substituent.
- preferred substituents are an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms and an alkoxy group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is a host material
- the compound represented by the general formula (2) is a TADF material.
- the difference ( ⁇ E) between the excited singlet energy (S1) and the excited triplet energy (T1) of the TADF material is preferably 0.2 eV or less, and more preferably 0 to 0.15 eV. Satisfying the above results in an excellent TADF material. However, when ⁇ E is increased to 0.3 eV or more, it becomes difficult to exhibit the function as a TADF material. Further, if the excited triplet energy (T1) of the host material is greater than the excited singlet energy (S1) and excited triplet energy (T1) of the TADF material, the function as a host is improved.
- the TADF material and the host material may be composed of a single compound or a mixture of a plurality of compounds.
- compounds occupying 50 wt% or more should satisfy the above characteristics, but it is preferable that all the compounds satisfy the above characteristics.
- a compound occupying 50 wt% or more should satisfy the above characteristics, but it is preferable that all the compounds satisfy the above characteristics.
- the characteristics of the organic EL device can be improved by containing two or more compounds as a host material.
- a compound having a large singlet energy (S1) is a first host and a compound having a small singlet energy (S1) is a second host
- the first host is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- the second host may be a compound represented by the general formula (1) or other compounds, but is preferably a compound represented by the general formula (1).
- S1 and T1 are measured as follows.
- a sample compound is deposited on a quartz substrate by a vacuum deposition method under a vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less to form a deposited film with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the emission spectrum of this deposited film is measured, a tangent line is drawn with respect to the rising edge of the emission spectrum on the short wavelength side, and the wavelength value ⁇ edge [nm] at the intersection of the tangent line and the horizontal axis is expressed by the following equation (i) Substitute and calculate S1.
- S1 [eV] 1239.85 / ⁇ edge (i)
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a structural example of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represents an electron transport layer, and 7 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an exciton blocking layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, or may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole injection layer.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted on either the cathode side or the cathode side of the light emitting layer, or both can be inserted simultaneously.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has an anode, a light emitting layer, and a cathode as essential layers, but preferably has a hole injecting and transporting layer and an electron injecting and transporting layer in addition to the essential layers. It is preferable to have a hole blocking layer between the transport layers.
- the hole injection / transport layer means either or both of a hole injection layer and a hole transport layer
- the electron injection / transport layer means either or both of an electron injection layer and an electron transport layer.
- the structure opposite to that shown in FIG. 1, that is, the cathode 7, the electron transport layer 6, the light emitting layer 5, the hole transport layer 4 and the anode 2 can be laminated in this order on the substrate 1. Addition and omission are possible.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has been conventionally used for an organic EL element can be used.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic EL element a material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance be greater than 10%
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this such as a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium, from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- Aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively.
- both the TADF material represented by the general formula (2) and the host material represented by the general formula (1) are used. Further, as described above, by containing two or more kinds of host materials, the characteristics can be improved.
- the TADF material is used as a dopant material.
- the content of the organic light-emitting dopant material made of a TADF material is preferably 0.1 to 50 wt%, more preferably 1 to 30 wt% with respect to the host material. Since the organic EL device of the present invention uses TADF, no phosphorescent dopant material is used.
- the host material is preferably a compound having a hole transport ability and an electron transport ability and a high glass transition temperature.
- each host can be deposited from different deposition sources, or multiple types of hosts can be deposited simultaneously from one deposition source by premixing before deposition to form a premix. it can.
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the hole blocking layer has a function of an electron transport layer in a broad sense, and is made of a hole blocking material that has a function of transporting electrons and has a remarkably small ability to transport holes. The probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved by preventing the above.
- a known hole blocking layer material can also be used for the hole blocking layer.
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. By blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. .
- the material for the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and the material for the hole transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- a compound represented by the general formula (1) can also be used.
- the exciton blocking layer is a layer for preventing excitons generated by recombination of holes and electrons in the light emitting layer from diffusing into the charge transport layer. It becomes possible to efficiently confine in the light emitting layer, and the light emission efficiency of the device can be improved.
- the exciton blocking layer can be inserted between two adjacent light emitting layers in an element in which two or more light emitting layers are adjacent.
- a known exciton blocking layer material can be used as the material for the exciton blocking layer.
- Examples thereof include 1,3-dicarbazolylbenzene (mCP) and bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) -4-phenylphenolatoaluminum (III) (BAlq).
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives.
- Porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and styryl It is preferable to use an amine derivative, and it is more preferable to use an arylamine compound.
- the electron transport layer is made of a material having a function of transporting electrons, and the electron transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- an electron transport material (which may also serve as a hole blocking material), it is sufficient if it has a function of transmitting electrons injected from the cathode to the light emitting layer.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthroline, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) Derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrandioxide derivatives, carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzimidazoles Derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives and the like.
- the method for forming each layer when producing the organic EL device of the present invention is not particularly limited, and may be produced by either a dry process or a wet process.
- Table 1 shows S1, T1, and S1-T1 ( ⁇ E) of the compounds used in Examples and Comparative Examples.
- the fluorescence lifetime of compound 2-120 was measured.
- the compound 2-120 and the compound 1-1 are vapor-deposited from different vapor deposition sources on a quartz substrate by a vacuum vapor deposition method under a vacuum degree of 10 ⁇ 4 Pa or less, and the concentration of the compound 2-120 is 15% by weight.
- a co-deposited film was formed with a thickness of 100 nm.
- the emission spectrum of this thin film was measured, and light emission having a peak at 483 nm was confirmed.
- the emission lifetime was measured with a small fluorescence lifetime measurement apparatus (Quantaurus-tau manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics) under a nitrogen atmosphere.
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum deposition method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 70 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed to a thickness of 10 nm on ITO as a hole injection layer
- compound HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 25 nm as a hole transport layer.
- Compound HT-2 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- Compound 1-1 as a host and Compound 2-50 as a dopant were co-deposited from different vapor deposition sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of the compound 2-50 was 30 wt%.
- Compound ET-2 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as a hole blocking layer.
- Compound ET-1 was formed to a thickness of 40 nm as an electron transport layer.
- lithium fluoride (LiF) was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer on the electron transport layer.
- aluminum (Al) was formed as a cathode to a thickness of 70 nm on the electron injection layer, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Examples 1 to 10 Comparative Examples 1 to 5 An organic EL device was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the compounds shown in Table 2 were used as the host and dopant in Example 1.
- the second host was used as the host, the light emitting layer was formed by co-evaporation under the deposition conditions in which the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 50:50.
- the maximum wavelength of the emission spectrum, external quantum efficiency (EQE), voltage, and device lifetime of the produced organic EL device are shown in the following table.
- Maximum wavelength, EQE, and voltage are values when the drive current density is 2.5 mA / cm 2 , and are initial characteristics.
- the lifetime was the time it took for the luminance to decay to 95% of the initial luminance at a constant current density of 2.5 mA / cm 2 .
- Examples 1 to 10 using the host represented by the general formula (1) and the dopant represented by the general formula (2) in the light emitting layer are comparative examples using mCP generally used as a host. It can be seen that it has high luminous efficiency and excellent lifetime characteristics as compared with 1-2. Further, Examples 1 to 8 using the host represented by the general formula (1) and the dopant represented by the general formula (2) in the light emitting layer are compared with Comparative Example 5 using the indoloindole compound as the dopant. It can be seen that it has excellent life characteristics.
- Examples 1 to 8 using a para-biphenylcarbazole compound have higher luminous efficiency and superior lifetime characteristics compared to Comparative Examples 3 and 4 using a phenylcarbazole compound.
- Example 9, 10 using a 2nd host has high luminous efficiency and the outstanding lifetime characteristic compared with Example 3 using a single host.
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Abstract
Description
近年では、燐光型有機EL素子の長寿命化技術が進展し、携帯電話等のディスプレイへ応用されつつある。しかしながら青色の有機EL素子に関しては、実用的な燐光発光型の有機EL素子は開発されておらず、高効率であり、且つ長寿命な青色有機EL素子の開発が求められている。
特許文献3では、以下の化合物をホストとして使用し、発光材料にインドロインドール化合物を用いた遅延蛍光発光型の有機EL素子が開示されている。
Ar1とAr2はそれぞれ独立に置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基及び該芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基の芳香族環が2~6個連結して構成される連結芳香族基である。Ar1、Ar2が連結芳香族基である場合、連結する芳香族環は同一であっても異なっていても良い。R2はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基であり、隣接する環と縮合して縮合環を形成しても良い。aは1~3の整数を表し、cとdは独立に0~4の整数を表し、j は0~2の整数を表す。
1) 一般式(1)において、R1の少なくとも1つは置換若しくは未置換のフェニル基、置換若しくは未置換のジベンゾフラニル基、置換若しくは未置換のジベンゾチオフェニル基、置換若しくは未置換のトリアゾリル基、置換若しくは未置換のベンゾイミダゾリル基、置換若しくは未置換のフルオレニル基、又はこれらが2~4連結して構成される連結芳香族基であること。
2) 一般式(1)において、R1の少なくとも2つは、それぞれ独立に、置換若しくはフェニル基、置換若しくは未置換のジベンゾフラニル基、置換若しくは未置換のジベンゾチオフェニル基、置換若しくは未置換のトリアゾリル基、置換若しくは未置換のベンゾイミダゾリル基、置換若しくは未置換のフルオレニル基、又はこれらが2~4連結して構成される連結芳香族基であること。
3) ホスト材料が、一般式(1)で表される化合物を少なくとも1種含有する混合ホスト材料であること。
4) ホスト材料が、一般式(1)で表される化合物を少なくとも2種類含有する混合ホスト材料であること。
5) 熱活性化遅延蛍光発光材料の励起一重項エネルギー(S1)と励起三重項エネルギー(T1)の差が0.2eV以下であり、一般式(1)で表されるホスト材料の励起三重項エネルギー(T1)が、上記熱活性化遅延蛍光遅延蛍光発光材料の励起一重項エネルギー(S1)及び励起三重項エネルギー(T1)より大きいこと。
6) 一般式(2)において、Xが一N-Ar2で表されること。
7) 一般式(2)において、a=1であり、Ar1が式(3)で表されること。
一般式(1)で表される化合物はビフェニルとカルバゾール環がパラ位に連結した骨格を有するので、p-ビフェニルカルバゾール化合物ともいう。
R1は、それぞれ独立に、水素原子、炭素数1~8の脂肪炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17芳香族複素環基又は該芳香族炭化水素基及び該芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基の芳香族環が2~6個連結して構成される連結芳香族基を表す。好ましくは、水素原子、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~16の芳香族炭化水素基、置換基若しくは未置換の炭素数3~15の芳香族複素環基又は該芳香族炭化水素基及び該芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基の芳香族環が2~4個連結して構成される連結芳香族基を表す。但し、R1は置換若しくは未置換のカルバゾリル基であることはない。また、R1が環を有する場合は、その環がカルバゾール環と縮合してもよい。
この場合の置換基は、上記と同様であるが、好ましくは炭素数1~8のアルキル基、炭素数1~8のアルコキシ基である。
TADF材料は、上記一般式(2)で表される化合物又はこれを含む材料である。
aは1~3の整数を表し、好ましくは1~2の整数であり、より好ましくは1の整数である。cとdは独立に0~4の整数を表し、j は0~2の整数を表す。好ましくは、c+d+jは、0~4の整数であり、より好ましくは0、1又は2である。
これら芳香族炭化水素基、又は芳香族複素環基の具体例としては、ベンゼン、フルオレン、ジベンゾフラン、ジベンゾチオフェン、ピリジン、ピリダジン、ピリミジン、ピラジン、トリアジン、ベンゾイミダゾール、オキサジアゾール、トリアゾール、イミダゾール、ピラゾール、チアゾール、インドール、インダゾール、ベンゾイミダゾール、ベンゾチアゾール、ベンゾオキサゾール、カルバゾール、カルボリン、ジアザカルバゾール等から1個の水素を取って生じる基が挙げられる。
また、上記ホスト材料の励起三重項エネルギー(T1)が、上記TADF材料の励起一重項エネルギー(S1)及び励起三重項エネルギー(T1)より大きいものとすれば、ホストとしての機能が向上する。
TADF材料として2種以上の化合物を使用する場合は、50wt%以上を占める化合物が上記特性を満足すればよいが、全部の化合物が上記特性を満足することが好ましい。同様にホスト材料として2種以上の化合物を使用する場合は、50wt%以上を占める化合物が上記特性を満足すればよいが、全部の化合物が上記特性を満足することが好ましい。
石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度10-4Pa以下の条件にて試料化合物を蒸着し、蒸着膜を100nmの厚さで形成する。この蒸着膜の発光スペクトルを測定し、この発光スペクトルの短波長側の立ち上がりに対して接線を引き、その接線と横軸の交点の波長値λedge[nm]を、次に示す式(i)に代入してS1を算出する。
S1[eV] = 1239.85/λedge (i)
T1[eV] = 1239.85/λedge (ii)
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層である。発光層には、一般式(2)で表されるTADF材料と一般式(1)で表されるホスト材料を共に使用する。また、上記したように2種以上のホスト材料を含有することで、特性を改良することもできる。なお、TADF材料は、ドーパント材料として使用される。
本発明の有機EL素子は、TADFを利用するものであるので、燐光発光性のドーパント材料は使用されない。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
正孔阻止層とは広い意味では電子輸送層の機能を有し、電子を輸送する機能を有しつつ正孔を輸送する能力が著しく小さい正孔阻止材料からなり、電子を輸送しつつ正孔を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔の再結合確率を向上させることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
励起子阻止層とは、発光層内で正孔と電子が再結合することにより生じた励起子が電荷輸送層に拡散することを阻止するための層であり、本層の挿入により励起子を効率的に発光層内に閉じ込めることが可能となり、素子の発光効率を向上させることができる。励起子阻止層は2つ以上の発光層が隣接する素子において、隣接する2つの発光層の間に挿入することができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層とは電子を輸送する機能を有する材料からなり、電子輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
化合物2-120の蛍光寿命を測定した。石英基板上に真空蒸着法にて、真空度10-4Pa以下の条件にて化合物2-120と化合物1-1を異なる蒸着源から蒸着し、化合物2-120の濃度が15重量%である共蒸着膜を100nmの厚さで形成した。この薄膜の発光スペクトルを測定し、483nmをピークとする発光が確認された。また、窒素雰囲気下で小型蛍光寿命測定装置(浜松ホトニクス社製Quantaurus-tau)により発光寿命を測定した。励起寿命が12nsの蛍光と13μsの遅延蛍光が観測され、化合物2-120が遅延蛍光発光を示す化合物であることが確認された。
化合物2-50、2-91、2-178についても、上記と同様に蛍光寿命を測定したところ、遅延蛍光が観測され、遅延蛍光発光を示す材料であることが確認された。
膜厚70nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを10nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層として化合物HT-1を25nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層として化合物HT-2を5nmの厚さに形成した。そして、ホストとして化合物1-1を、ドーパントとして化合物2-50をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、30nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、化合物2-50の濃度が30wt%となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、正孔阻止層として化合物ET-2を5nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子輸送層として化合物ET-1を40nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子輸送層上に電子注入層としてフッ化リチウム(LiF)を1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてアルミニウム(Al)を70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、ホスト及びドーパントを表2に示す化合物とした他は、実施例1と同様にして有機EL素子を作製した。ここで、ホストとして、第二ホストを用いた際は、第一ホストと第二ホストの重量比が50:50となる蒸着条件で共蒸着し、発光層を製膜した。
Claims (8)
- 対向する陽極と陰極の間に、1つ以上の発光層を含む有機電界発光素子において、発光層に少なくとも1種のホスト材料と少なくとも1種の熱活性化遅延蛍光発光材料を含み、該ホスト材料の少なくとも1種が下記一般式(1)で表され、該熱活性化遅延蛍光発光材料の少なくとも1種が下記一般式(2)で表されることを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
ここでR1は、それぞれ独立に、水素、炭素数1~8の脂肪炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17芳香族複素環基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基及び該芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基の芳香族環が2~6個連結して構成される連結芳香族基を示し、カルバゾール環と縮合して縮合環を形成しても良い。但し、R1はカルバゾリル基であることはない。
ここで、Zは式(2a)で表され、式(2a)中環Aは式(2b)で表される芳香族炭化水素環であり、環Bは式(2c)で表される複素環であり、環A及び環Bはそれぞれ隣接する環と任意の位置で縮合する。XはN-Ar2、酸素原子、又は硫黄原子から選ばれる。
Ar1とAr2はそれぞれ独立に置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基及び該芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基の芳香族環が2~6個連結して構成される連結芳香族基である。
R2はそれぞれ独立に、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基であり、隣接する環と縮合して縮合環を形成しても良い。
aは1~3の整数を表し、cとdは独立に0~4の整数を表し、j は0~2の整数を表す。 - 一般式(2)において、XがN-Ar2であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(2)において、a=1であり、Ar1が下記式(3)で表される基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
ここで、YはN原子又はCR3であり、少なくとも1つのYはN原子である。L2は、単結合、炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、又は炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基であり、R3は水素原子、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基である。Ar3はそれぞれ独立に、水素原子、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~17の芳香族複素環基、又は該芳香族炭化水素基及び該芳香族複素環基から選ばれる芳香族基の芳香族環が2~4個連結して構成される連結芳香族基である。 - 一般式(1)において、R1の少なくとも1つは、置換若しくは未置換のフェニル基、置換若しくは未置換のジベンゾフラニル基、置換若しくは未置換のジベンゾチオフェニル基、置換若しくは未置換のトリアゾリル基、置換若しくは未置換のベンゾイミダゾリル基、及び置換若しくは未置換のフルオレニル基、又はこれらが2~4つ連結して構成される連結芳香族基からなる群れからから選ばれる芳香族基であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- R1の少なくとも2つは、上記芳香族基であることを特徴とする請求項4に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 上記ホスト材料が、2種以上の化合物を含有する混合ホスト材料であることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の有機電界発光素子。
- ホスト材料が、一般式(1)で表されるホスト化合物を少なくとも2種含有する混合ホスト材料であることを特徴とする請求項6に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 一般式(2)で表される熱活性化遅延蛍光材料の励起一重項エネルギー(S1)と励起三重項エネルギー(T1)の差が0.2eV以下であり、一般式(1)で表されるホスト材料の励起三重項エネルギー(T1)が該熱活性化遅延蛍光材料の励起一重項エネルギー(S1)及び励起三重項エネルギー(T1)より大きいことを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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| EP3862350A4 (en) * | 2019-03-14 | 2021-08-11 | LG Chem, Ltd. | Novel compound and organic light-emitting device with use thereof |
| CN114450815A (zh) * | 2020-02-17 | 2022-05-06 | 出光兴产株式会社 | 有机电致发光元件以及电子设备 |
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| EP3767698A4 (en) | 2022-03-16 |
| JP7198804B2 (ja) | 2023-01-11 |
| CN111837252B (zh) | 2025-02-18 |
| EP3767698A1 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
| EP3767698B1 (en) | 2023-10-25 |
| KR20200132855A (ko) | 2020-11-25 |
| US12484443B2 (en) | 2025-11-25 |
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| CN111837252A (zh) | 2020-10-27 |
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