WO2017159152A1 - 有機電界発光素子 - Google Patents
有機電界発光素子 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017159152A1 WO2017159152A1 PCT/JP2017/004980 JP2017004980W WO2017159152A1 WO 2017159152 A1 WO2017159152 A1 WO 2017159152A1 JP 2017004980 W JP2017004980 W JP 2017004980W WO 2017159152 A1 WO2017159152 A1 WO 2017159152A1
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to an organic electric field element (referred to as an organic EL element).
- Patent Document 1 discloses an organic EL element using a TTF (Triplet-Triplet Fusion) mechanism, which is one of delayed fluorescence mechanisms.
- TTF Triplet-Triplet Fusion
- the TTF mechanism uses the phenomenon that singlet excitons are generated by collision of two triplet excitons, and it is theoretically thought that the internal quantum efficiency can be increased to 40%.
- Patent Document 2 discloses an organic EL element using a TADF (Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence) mechanism.
- the TADF mechanism utilizes the phenomenon that reverse intersystem crossing from triplet excitons to singlet excitons occurs in materials where the energy difference between singlet and triplet levels is small. It is thought to be raised to 100%. However, there is a demand for further improvement in life characteristics as in the phosphorescent light emitting device.
- Patent Document 3 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as an electron transport layer.
- Patent Document 4 discloses the use of an indolocarbazole compound as an electron transport layer and a hole blocking layer.
- Patent Documents 5 and 6 disclose the use of an azine compound as an electron transport layer. However, none of them are sufficient, and further improvements are desired.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a practically useful organic EL device having high efficiency and high driving stability while having a low driving voltage in view of the above-described present situation.
- At least one electron transport layer is represented by the following general formula (1).
- An organic EL device comprising a compound to be prepared and an electron donor.
- ring A is an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by formula (1a)
- ring B is a heterocycle represented by formula (1b)
- ring A and ring B are each an adjacent ring and an arbitrary ring Condensation at the position L represents a single bond or an aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- X represents N or C—Ar 1
- Y and Ar 1 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aromatic thereof.
- R 1 is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. It is a group. a, b and c each independently represents an integer of 0 to 3. Z is N—Ar 2 , C (R 2 ) 2 , O, or S.
- Ar 2 is a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or 2 to 5 linked aromatic rings. A linked aromatic group.
- R 2 is independently hydrogen, an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. It is a heterocyclic group.
- Formula (1d) is a preferred embodiment of formula (1b), and a single bond is a preferred embodiment of L.
- the electron transport layer is composed of two layers of a first electron transport layer and a second electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer, the first electron transport layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (1), and the second electron
- the transport layer preferably contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) and an electron donor.
- the above-mentioned electron donor is preferably an alkali metal compound or an alkali metal complex, more preferably lithium quinolate (Liq).
- the electron transport layer is obtained by vapor-depositing a premixed compound of the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the electron donor, or the light emitting layer contains a host material and a light emitting material, and the general formula (1) is used as the host material. It is preferable to contain the compound represented by these.
- the organic EL element of the present invention contains a specific electron transport material and an electron donor in the electron transport layer, it can be an organic EL element having a high driving efficiency and a long lifetime at a low driving voltage.
- At least one electron transport layer has the general formula (1).
- an electron donor in the organic EL device including one or more light-emitting layers and one or more electron transport layers between the opposing anode and cathode, at least one electron transport layer has the general formula (1).
- an electron donor in the organic EL device including one or more light-emitting layers and one or more electron transport layers between the opposing anode and cathode, at least one electron transport layer has the general formula (1).
- an electron donor In the organic EL device of the present invention, in the organic EL device including one or more light-emitting layers and one or more electron transport layers between the opposing anode and cathode, at least one electron transport layer has the general formula (1).
- an electron donor in the organic EL device including one or more light-emitting layers and one or more electron transport layers between the opposing anode and cathode, at least one electron transport layer has the general formula (1).
- an electron donor in the organic EL device including one or more light-emit
- Ring A represents an aromatic hydrocarbon ring represented by the formula (1a).
- Ring B is a heterocycle represented by the formula (1b), and ring A and ring B are each condensed with an adjacent ring at an arbitrary position.
- L represents a single bond or a divalent aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- a single bond or a phenylene group is preferable, and a single bond is more preferable.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms include a phenylene group, a biphenylene group, and a naphthylene group.
- X represents N or C—Ar 1 , and at least one X is N.
- Y and Ar 1 are each independently hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or an aromatic thereof.
- a linked aromatic group formed by connecting 2 to 5 aromatic rings preferably hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms
- a heterocyclic group or a linked aromatic group formed by linking these aromatic rings in 2 to 3 groups more preferably hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 18 carbon atoms, or these linked aromatic groups are unsubstituted include benzene, naphthalene, phenanthrene, anthracene , Triphenylene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, thiophene, isothiazole, thiazole, pyridazine, pyrrole, pyrazole, imidazole, triazole, thiadiazole, pyrazine, furan, isoxazole, oxazole, oxadiazole, quinoline, isoquinoline, quinoxaline, quinazoline, thiadiazole, Benzotriazine, phthalazine, tetrazole, indole, benzofuran, benzothiophene, benzoxazole, benzothiazole, benzimidazole, benzotri
- Preferred examples include aromatic groups formed by taking one H from benzene, naphthalene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, quinoline, quinazoline, or a linked aromatic compound in which 2 to 5 of these are linked. More preferred are aromatic groups generated from benzene, naphthalene or a linked aromatic compound in which 2 to 3 of these are linked.
- the linked aromatic group in the present specification refers to an aromatic group formed by directly connecting a plurality of aromatic rings of the aromatic hydrocarbon group or aromatic heterocyclic group having the above-mentioned carbon number,
- the plurality of aromatic rings may be the same or different.
- Linked aromatic compound may be a linear, such as Ar 11 -Ar 12 -Ar 13, may be branched, such as Ar 11 -Ar 12 (Ar 13) , Ar 11 ⁇ Ar 13 may be the same or different. Ar 13 may not be present, and Ar 14 and Ar 15 may be further included.
- the bond of the aromatic group generated from the linked aromatic compound may be generated from the terminal Ar 11 or Ar 13 or may be generated from the intermediate Ar 12 .
- Ar 11 to Ar 15 are aromatic groups or aromatic rings.
- aromatic hydrocarbon groups, aromatic heterocyclic groups, or linked aromatic groups may each have a substituent.
- preferred substituents are a cyano group and an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the number of substituents is 0 to 5, preferably 0 to 2.
- the calculation of the carbon number in the case where the aromatic hydrocarbon group, the aromatic heterocyclic group, and the linked aromatic group have a substituent does not include the carbon number of the substituent. However, it is preferable that the total carbon number including the carbon number of the substituent satisfies the above range.
- substituents include cyano, methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl and decyl.
- a cyano group or a C1-C6 alkyl group is preferable.
- R 1 is independently an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic ring having 3 to 12 carbon atoms. It is a group. Preferred are an aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 8 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 9 carbon atoms. More preferably, it is a phenyl group.
- aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms include methyl, ethyl, propyl, butyl, pentyl, hexyl, heptyl, octyl, nonyl, decyl and the like.
- it is a C1 to C6 alkyl group.
- aromatic hydrocarbon group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms or the aromatic heterocyclic group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms are unsubstituted include benzene, naphthalene, pyridine, pyrimidine, triazine, thiophene, and isothiazole.
- an aromatic group generated by removing H from benzene is used.
- Each of these aromatic hydrocarbon groups or aromatic heterocyclic groups may have a substituent.
- preferred substituents are the same as those described for Ar 1 .
- A, b and c each independently represent an integer of 0 to 3, preferably an integer of 0 to 2. More preferably, it is an integer of 0 or 1.
- Z represents N—Ar 2 , C (R 2 ) 2 , O, or S.
- N-Ar 2 is preferable, and in this case, it is represented by the formula (1d).
- Ar 2 is the same as that described for Ar 1 except that it is not hydrogen.
- R 2 is the same as described for R 1 except that it includes hydrogen.
- the electron donor a compound known as a compound that facilitates electron injection from the cathode or the electron injection layer to the electron transport layer by improving the electron injection barrier can be used.
- it is a donor compound used by mixing with an electron transport material.
- Preferred examples of the electron donor include an alkali metal, an inorganic salt containing an alkali metal, a complex of an alkali metal and an organic substance, an alkaline earth metal, an inorganic salt containing an alkaline earth metal, or an alkaline earth metal and an organic substance. And the like.
- it is an inorganic salt containing an alkali metal, or a complex of an alkali metal and an organic substance, more preferably Liq.
- alkali metal and alkaline earth metal include alkaline metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, which have a low work function and a large effect of improving the electron transport ability, and alkaline earth such as magnesium, calcium, cerium, and barium. Similar metals.
- alkaline metals such as lithium, sodium, potassium, rubidium, and cesium, which have a low work function and a large effect of improving the electron transport ability
- alkaline earth such as magnesium, calcium, cerium, and barium. Similar metals.
- it since it is easy to deposit in vacuum and is excellent in handling, it is preferably in the form of a complex with an inorganic salt or an organic substance rather than a single metal. Furthermore, it is more preferable to be in the state of a complex with an organic substance from the viewpoint of easy handling in the air and easy control of the addition concentration.
- inorganic salts include oxides such as LiO and Li 2 O, fluorides such as LiF, NaF, and KF, Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , Rb 2 CO 3 , and Cs 2 Examples include carbonates such as CO 3 .
- preferable examples of the alkali metal or alkaline earth metal include lithium and cesium from the viewpoint that a large low-voltage driving effect can be obtained.
- Specific examples of the organic substance in the complex with the organic substance include quinolinol, benzoquinolinol, pyridylphenol, flavonol, hydroxyimidazopyridine, hydroxybenzazole, hydroxytriazole and the like.
- a complex of an alkali metal and an organic substance is preferable from the viewpoint that the effect of lowering the voltage of the light-emitting element is greater, and a complex of lithium and an organic substance is more preferable from the viewpoint of ease of synthesis and thermal stability.
- An excellent organic EL device can be provided by using the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the electron donor as an electron transport layer material.
- the electron transport layer can be used by forming only one layer, but it is preferable to form and use two layers of a first electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer and a second electron transport layer adjacent thereto.
- the first electron transport layer adjacent to the light emitting layer contains the compound represented by the general formula (1)
- the second electron transport layer is represented by the general formula (1). It is preferable to contain the compound and the electron donor. In this case, the first electron transport layer can also function as a hole blocking layer.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the electron donor can be used by being vapor-deposited individually from different vapor deposition sources, but are premixed before vapor deposition to form a premix, It is preferable to form the electron transport layer by vapor deposition simultaneously from a vapor deposition source.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing an example of the structure of a general organic EL device used in the present invention, wherein 1 is a substrate, 2 is an anode, 3 is a hole injection layer, 4 is a hole transport layer, and 5 is a light emitting layer. , 6 represents a first electron transport layer, 7 represents a second electron transport layer, and 8 represents a cathode.
- the organic EL device of the present invention may have an electron blocking layer between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer.
- the organic EL device of the present invention has a cathode, a light-emitting layer, an electron transport layer, and a cathode as essential layers.
- the organic EL device preferably has a hole injection transport layer and an electron injection layer, and further has a hole. It is preferable to have an electron blocking layer between the injection transport layer and the light emitting layer.
- a positive hole injection transport layer means either a positive hole injection layer, a positive hole transport layer, or both.
- the organic EL element of the present invention is preferably supported on a substrate.
- the substrate is not particularly limited, and any substrate that has been conventionally used for an organic EL element can be used.
- a substrate made of glass, transparent plastic, quartz, or the like can be used.
- anode material in the organic EL element a material made of a metal, an alloy, an electrically conductive compound or a mixture thereof having a high work function (4 eV or more) is preferably used.
- electrode materials include metals such as Au, and conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- conductive transparent materials such as CuI, indium tin oxide (ITO), SnO 2 , and ZnO.
- an amorphous material such as IDIXO (In 2 O 3 —ZnO) that can form a transparent conductive film may be used.
- these electrode materials may be formed into a thin film by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering, and a pattern having a desired shape may be formed by a photolithography method, or the pattern accuracy is not required (about 100 ⁇ m or more). May form a pattern through a mask having a desired shape at the time of vapor deposition or sputtering of the electrode material. Or when using the substance which can be apply
- the transmittance be greater than 10%
- the sheet resistance as the anode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the film thickness depends on the material, it is usually selected in the range of 10 to 1000 nm, preferably 10 to 200 nm.
- the cathode material a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less) (referred to as an electron injecting metal), an alloy, an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof is used.
- an electron injecting metal a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy a material made of a metal having a small work function (4 eV or less)
- an alloy referred to as an electron injecting metal
- an alloy an electrically conductive compound, or a mixture thereof
- Specific examples of such electrode materials include sodium, sodium-potassium alloy, magnesium, lithium, magnesium / copper mixture, magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium / aluminum mixture, magnesium / indium mixture, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) Mixtures, indium, lithium / aluminum mixtures, rare earth metals and the like.
- a mixture of an electron injecting metal and a second metal which is a stable metal having a larger work function value than this such as a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium, from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- a magnesium / silver mixture, magnesium from the viewpoint of electron injectability and durability against oxidation, etc.
- Aluminum mixtures, magnesium / indium mixtures, aluminum / aluminum oxide (Al 2 O 3 ) mixtures, lithium / aluminum mixtures, aluminum and the like are preferred.
- the cathode can be produced by forming a thin film of these cathode materials by a method such as vapor deposition or sputtering.
- the sheet resistance of the cathode is preferably several hundred ⁇ / ⁇ or less, and the film thickness is usually selected in the range of 10 nm to 5 ⁇ m, preferably 50 to 200 nm.
- the light emission luminance is improved, which is convenient.
- a transparent or translucent cathode can be produced by forming the conductive transparent material mentioned in the description of the anode on the cathode.
- an element in which both the anode and the cathode are transmissive can be manufactured.
- the light emitting layer is a layer that emits light after excitons are generated by recombination of holes and electrons injected from the anode and the cathode, respectively.
- the light emitting layer includes a light emitting material, preferably an organic light emitting dopant material. Contains host material.
- the light emitting layer may be either a single layer or a plurality of layers, and the organic light emitting dopant material and the host material may be used alone or in combination.
- the light emitting layer contains a light emitting material and a host material
- the phosphorescent dopant when a phosphorescent dopant is used as the luminescent dopant material, the phosphorescent dopant includes an organometallic complex containing at least one metal selected from ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, silver, rhenium, osmium, iridium, platinum and gold. What to do is good. Specifically, iridium complexes described in J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2001, 123,4304 and JP-T-2013-53051 are preferably used, but are not limited thereto.
- Only one kind of phosphorescent light emitting dopant material may be contained in the light emitting layer, or two or more kinds may be contained.
- the content of the phosphorescent dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 30 wt%, more preferably 1 to 20 wt% with respect to the host material.
- the phosphorescent dopant material is not particularly limited, but specific examples include the following.
- the fluorescent dopant is not particularly limited.
- benzoxazole derivatives benzothiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, styrylbenzene derivatives, polyphenyl derivatives, diphenylbutadiene derivatives, tetra Phenylbutadiene derivatives, naphthalimide derivatives, coumarin derivatives, condensed aromatic compounds, perinone derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, aldazine derivatives, pyralidine derivatives, cyclopentadiene derivatives, bisstyrylanthracene derivatives, quinacridone derivatives, pyrrolopyridine derivatives, thiols Asiazolopyridine derivatives, styrylamine derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, aromatic dimethylidine compounds, 8-quinolinol Metal complexes, rare earth
- Preferred examples include condensed aromatic derivatives, styryl derivatives, diketopyrrolopyrrole derivatives, oxazine derivatives, pyromethene metal complexes, transition metal complexes, or lanthanoid complexes, more preferably naphthalene, pyrene, chrysene, triphenylene, benzo [c] phenanthrene.
- the content of the fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 20%, more preferably 1 to 10% with respect to the host material.
- the thermally activated delayed fluorescence emission dopant is not particularly limited, but may be a metal complex such as a tin complex or a copper complex, or described in WO2011 / 070963 And indolocarbazole derivatives, cyanobenzene derivatives and carbazole derivatives described in Nature 2012, 492, p234.
- thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material Only one kind of thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material may be contained in the light emitting layer, or two or more kinds thereof may be contained. Further, the thermally activated delayed fluorescent dopant may be used in combination with a phosphorescent dopant or a fluorescent dopant.
- the content of the thermally activated delayed fluorescent light-emitting dopant material is preferably 0.1 to 50%, more preferably 1 to 30% with respect to the host material.
- the host material is not particularly limited, but a compound having a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacene, triphenylene, perylene, fluoranthene, fluorene, or indene, or a derivative thereof, N, N ′ -Dinaphthyl-N, N'-diphenyl-1,1'-diamine and other aromatic amine derivatives, tris (8-quinolinato) aluminum (III) and other metal complexes, dibenzofuran derivatives, dibenzothiophene derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolo A carbazole derivative, a triazine derivative, or the like can be used.
- a condensed aromatic hydrocarbon ring such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthrene, pyrene, chrysene, naphthacen
- the injection layer is a layer provided between the electrode and the organic layer for lowering the driving voltage and improving the luminance of light emission, and includes a hole injection layer and an electron injection layer, And between the cathode and the light emitting layer or the electron transport layer.
- the injection layer can be provided as necessary.
- the electron blocking layer has the function of a hole transport layer in a broad sense. By blocking electrons while transporting holes, the probability of recombination of electrons and holes in the light emitting layer can be improved. .
- the material for the electron blocking layer a known electron blocking layer material can be used, and the material for the hole transport layer described later can be used as necessary.
- the thickness of the electron blocking layer is preferably 3 to 100 nm, more preferably 5 to 30 nm.
- the hole transport layer is made of a hole transport material having a function of transporting holes, and the hole transport layer can be provided as a single layer or a plurality of layers.
- the hole transport material has any of hole injection or transport and electron barrier properties, and may be either organic or inorganic.
- any known compound can be selected and used.
- Examples of such hole transport materials include porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, triazole derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, imidazole derivatives, polyarylalkane derivatives, pyrazoline derivatives and pyrazolone derivatives, phenylenediamine derivatives, arylamine derivatives, amino-substituted chalcone derivatives.
- Porphyrin derivatives, arylamine derivatives, and styryl It is preferable to use an amine derivative, and it is more preferable to use an arylamine compound.
- the electron transport layer may be a single layer or two or more layers. When two or more layers are provided, the layer from the light emitting layer is referred to as a first electron transport layer, and the layer far from the light emitting layer is referred to as a second electron transport layer. A third electron transport layer may be provided between the first electron transport layer and the second electron transport layer.
- the layer contains the compound represented by the general formula (1) and an electron donor.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the electron donor are included in any of the electron transport layers.
- the first electron transport layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (1)
- the second electron transport layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) and an electron donor. In this case, the first electron transport layer does not contain an electron donor.
- the first electron transport layer may be formed using a known electron transport material, may be formed using only the compound represented by the general formula (1), or may be formed using a known electron transport material. May be used in combination.
- the first electron transport layer preferably contains 50 wt% or more of the compound represented by the general formula (1).
- Known electron transport materials include polycyclic aromatic derivatives such as naphthalene, anthracene, phenanthroline, triphenylene, tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) derivatives, phosphine oxide derivatives, nitro-substituted fluorene derivatives, diphenylquinone derivatives, thiopyrans.
- Dioxide derivatives carbodiimides, fluorenylidenemethane derivatives, anthraquinodimethane and anthrone derivatives, bipyridine derivatives, quinoline derivatives, oxadiazole derivatives, benzimidazole derivatives, benzothiazole derivatives, carbazole derivatives, indolocarbazole derivatives, etc. .
- the second electron transport layer contains a compound represented by the general formula (1) and an electron donor.
- the content of the electron donor is preferably 5 to 95% (wt) in the second electron transport layer, and more preferably 25 to 75%.
- the content of the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferably 5 to 90%, and more preferably 25 to 70%.
- the second electron transport layer can also contain other electron transport materials.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) and the electron donor may be vapor-deposited from different vapor deposition sources, or may be premixed before vapor deposition to form a premixed mixture from one vapor deposition source represented by the general formula (1).
- the compound to be formed and the electron donor can also be deposited simultaneously.
- a known method such as pulverization and mixing can be adopted, but it is preferable to mix as much as possible.
- Example 1 Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed.
- HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm.
- HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- Compound 6 as the first host, H1 as the second host, and Ir (ppy) 3 as the light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different evaporation sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt% and the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 40:60.
- Compound 6 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as a first electron transport layer.
- Compound 6 and Liq were co-deposited from different deposition sources to form a second electron transport layer with a thickness of 15 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the vapor deposition conditions in which the weight ratio of Compound 6 and Liq was 50:50.
- Liq was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer.
- Al was formed to a thickness of 70 nm as a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was used under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that any one of Compounds 12, 16, 18, 23, 28, and 36 was used instead of Compound 6 forming the second electron transport layer. was made.
- Example 8 In Example 1, except that Compound 47 was used in place of Compound 6 forming the second electron transport layer, and co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions where the weight ratio of Compound 47 and Liq was 30:70, Example 1 An organic EL device was produced under the same conditions.
- Example 9 In Example 1, except that Compound 55 was used in place of Compound 6 that forms the second electron transport layer, and co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions where the weight ratio of Compound 55 and Liq was 70:30, Example 1 An organic EL device was fabricated under the same conditions.
- Example 10-12 an organic EL device was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that Compound 10, 11, or 16 was used instead of Compound 6 as the first electron transport layer.
- Example 13 Compound 17 (0.50 g) and Liq (0.50 g) were weighed out and mixed while being ground in a mortar to prepare Premix E1. Each thin film was laminated at a vacuum degree of 4.0 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 5 Pa by a vacuum evaporation method on a glass substrate on which an anode made of ITO having a thickness of 110 nm was formed. First, HAT-CN was formed as a hole injection layer with a thickness of 25 nm on ITO, and then NPD was formed as a hole transport layer with a thickness of 30 nm. Next, HT-1 was formed to a thickness of 10 nm as an electron blocking layer.
- Compound 6 as the first host, H1 as the second host, and Ir (ppy) 3 as the light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different evaporation sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 10 wt% and the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 40:60.
- the compound 6 was formed to a thickness of 5 nm as a first electron transport layer.
- a premix E1 was formed to a thickness of 15 nm as a second electron transport layer, and Liq was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer.
- Al was formed to a thickness of 70 nm as a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Example 1 an organic EL device was produced under the same conditions as in Example 1 except that ET-1 was used instead of Compound 6 forming the second electron transport layer.
- Compound 6 as the first host, H1 as the second host, and Ir (ppy) 3 as the light emitting dopant were co-deposited from different evaporation sources to form a light emitting layer with a thickness of 40 nm.
- the co-evaporation was performed under the deposition conditions in which the concentration of Ir (ppy) 3 was 5 wt% and the weight ratio of the first host to the second host was 40:60.
- Compound 6 was formed to a thickness of 20 nm as an electron transport layer. Furthermore, Liq was formed to a thickness of 1 nm as an electron injection layer. Finally, on the electron injection layer, Al was formed to a thickness of 70 nm as a cathode, and an organic EL device was produced.
- Table 1 shows compounds that form the first electron transport layer, compounds that form the second electron transport layer, and electron donors. % Is wt%.
- Table 2 shows the luminance, driving voltage, light emission efficiency, and lifetime characteristics of the produced organic EL device.
- luminance, driving voltage, and luminous efficiency are values at a driving current of 10 mA / cm 2 , and are initial characteristics.
- LT95 is the time required for the luminance to decay to 95% of the initial luminance when the drive current is 20 mA / cm 2 .
- the organic EL element of the present invention has a low driving voltage, a high luminous efficiency and a long lifetime, and can be used for a portable device display, an organic EL display such as a TV, and an organic EL illumination.
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Abstract
Description
しかしながら、燐光発光型の有機EL素子に関しては、長寿命化が技術的な課題となっている。
特許文献2では、TADF(Thermally Activated Delayed Fluorescence)機構を利用した有機EL素子が開示されている。TADF機構は一重項準位と三重項準位のエネルギー差が小さい材料において三重項励起子から一重項励起子への逆項間交差が生じる現象を利用するものであり、理論上内部量子効率を100%まで高められると考えられている。しかしながら燐光発光型の素子と同様に寿命特性の更なる改善が求められている。
しかしながら、いずれも十分なものとは言えず、更なる改良が望まれている。
Lは、単結合、又は炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。
Xは、N又はC-Ar1を表し、少なくとも1つのXはNを表す。
Y及びAr1は、各々独立に、水素、置換又は未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換又は未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5連結してなる連結芳香族基である。
R1は、独立に炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換又は未置換の炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基又は置換又は未置換の炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基である。a、b、cは、各々独立して0~3の整数を表す。
Zは、N-Ar2、C(R2)2、O、又はSである。
Ar2は、置換又は未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換又は未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5連結してなる連結芳香族基である。
R2は、独立に水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換又は未置換の炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基又は置換又は未置換の炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基である。
環Aは、式(1a)で表される芳香族炭化水素環を表す。また、環Bは、式(1b)で表される複素環であり、環A及び環Bはそれぞれ隣接する環と任意の位置で縮合する。
Y及びAr1は、各々独立に、水素、置換又は未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換又は未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5連結してなる連結芳香族基であり、好ましくは水素、置換又は未置換の炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基、置換又は未置換の炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~3連結してなる連結芳香族基であり、より好ましくは水素又は置換又は未置換の炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基である。
連結芳香族化合物は、Ar11-Ar12-Ar13のような直鎖型であってもよいし、Ar11-Ar12(Ar13)のような分岐型であってもよく、Ar11~Ar13は同一であってもよく、異なってもよい。なお、Ar13はなくともよく、更にAr14、Ar15を含んでいてもよい。連結芳香族化合物から生じる芳香族基の結合手は、末端のAr11又はAr13から生じてもよく、中間のAr12から生じてもよい。ここで、Ar11~Ar15は、芳香族基又は芳香族環である。
これら芳香族炭化水素基又は芳香族複素環基は、それぞれ置換基を有してもよい。置換基を有する場合の好ましい置換基は、Ar1で説明した置換基と同様である。
また、真空中での蒸着が容易で取り扱いに優れることから、金属単体よりも無機塩、あるいは有機物との錯体の状態であることが好ましい。更に、大気中での取扱を容易にし、添加濃度の制御のし易さの点で、有機物との錯体の状態にあることがより好ましい。
無機塩の具体例としては、LiO、Li2O等の酸化物、LiF、NaF、KF等のフッ化物、Li2CO3、Na2CO3、K2CO3、Rb2CO3、Cs2CO3等の炭酸塩が挙げられる。また、アルカリ金属又はアルカリ土類金属の好ましい例としては、大きな低電圧駆動効果が得られるという観点ではリチウム、セシウムが挙げられる。有機物との錯体における有機物の具体例としては、キノリノール、ベンゾキノリノール、ピリジルフェノール、フラボノール、ヒドロキシイミダゾピリジン、ヒドロキシベンズアゾール、ヒドロキシトリアゾール等が挙げられる。中でも、より発光素子の低電圧化の効果が大きいという観点ではアルカリ金属と有機物との錯体が好ましく、さらに合成のしやすさ、熱安定性という観点からリチウムと有機物との錯体がより好ましい。例えば、Liqである。
本発明の有機EL素子は、基板に支持されていることが好ましい。この基板については特に制限はなく、従来から有機EL素子に用いられているものであれば良く、例えばガラス、透明プラスチック、石英等からなるものを用いることができる。
有機EL素子における陽極材料としては、仕事関数の大きい(4eV以上)金属、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が好ましく用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としてはAu等の金属、CuI、インジウムチンオキシド(ITO)、SnO2、ZnO等の導電性透明材料が挙げられる。また、IDIXO(In2O3-ZnO)等の非晶質で、透明導電膜を作成可能な材料を用いてもよい。陽極はこれらの電極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により、薄膜を形成させ、フォトリソグラフィー法で所望の形状のパターンを形成しても良く、あるいはパターン精度をあまり必要としない場合(100μm以上程度)は、上記電極材料の蒸着やスパッタリング時に所望の形状のマスクを介してパターンを形成してもよい。あるいは有機導電性化合物のような塗布可能な物質を用いる場合には印刷方式、コーティング方式等の湿式成膜法を用いることもできる。この陽極より発光を取り出す場合には、透過率を10%より大きくすることが望ましく、また陽極としてのシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましい。膜厚は材料にもよるが、通常10~1000nm、好ましくは10~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。
一方、陰極材料としては仕事関数の小さい(4eV以下)金属(電子注入性金属と称する)、合金、電気伝導性化合物又はこれらの混合物からなる材料が用いられる。このような電極材料の具体例としては、ナトリウム、ナトリウム―カリウム合金、マグネシウム、リチウム、マグネシウム/銅混合物、マグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、インジウム、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、希土類金属等が挙げられる。これらの中で、電子注入性及び酸化等に対する耐久性の点から、電子注入性金属とこれより仕事関数の値が大きく安定な金属である第二金属との混合物、例えばマグネシウム/銀混合物、マグネシウム/アルミニウム混合物、マグネシウム/インジウム混合物、アルミニウム/酸化アルミニウム(Al2O3)混合物、リチウム/アルミニウム混合物、アルミニウム等が好適である。陰極はこれらの陰極材料を蒸着やスパッタリング等の方法により薄膜を形成させることにより、作製することができる。また、陰極としてシート抵抗は数百Ω/□以下が好ましく、膜厚は通常10nm~5μm、好ましくは50~200nmの範囲で選ばれる。なお、発光した光を透過させるため、有機EL素子の陽極又は陰極のいずれか一方が透明又は半透明であれば発光輝度は向上し、好都合である。
発光層は陽極及び陰極のそれぞれから注入された正孔及び電子が再結合することにより励起子が生成した後、発光する層であり、発光層には発光材料、好ましくは有機発光性ドーパント材料とホスト材料を含む。発光層は1層、複数層のどちらでも良く、有機発光性ドーパント材料とホスト材料はそれぞれ1種類であっても、複数種類を組み合わせて使用しても良い。
注入層とは、駆動電圧低下や発光輝度向上のために電極と有機層間に設けられる層のことで、正孔注入層と電子注入層があり、陽極と発光層又は正孔輸送層の間、及び陰極と発光層又は電子輸送層との間に存在させてもよい。注入層は必要に応じて設けることができる。
電子阻止層とは広い意味では正孔輸送層の機能を有し、正孔を輸送しつつ電子を阻止することで発光層中での電子と正孔が再結合する確率を向上させることができる。
正孔輸送層とは正孔を輸送する機能を有する正孔輸送材料からなり、正孔輸送層は単層又は複数層設けることができる。
電子輸送層は1層であっても、2層以上設けてもよい。2層以上設ける場合は、発光層よりの層を第1電子輸送層、発光層から遠い層を第2電子輸送層という。第1電子輸送層と第2電子輸送層の間に、第三の電子輸送層を設けてもよい。
電子輸送層が2層以上からなる場合は、いずれかの電子輸送層に一般式(1)で表される化合物と電子供与体を含む。好ましくは、第1電子輸送層に一般式(1)で表される化合物を含み、第2電子輸送層に一般式(1)で表される化合物と電子供与体を含む。この場合、第1電子輸送層には電子供与体を含まない。
第1電子輸送層は、公知の電子輸送材料を使用して形成してもよいし、一般式(1)で表される化合物のみを使用して形成してもよいし、公知の電子輸送材料を併用して形成してもよい。しかし、第1電子輸送層は、一般式(1)で表される化合物を50wt%以上含むことが好ましい。
電子供与体の含有量は、第2電子輸送層中に5~95%(wt)であることが好ましく、25~75%であることがより好ましい。一般式(1)で表される化合物の含有量は、5~90%が好ましく、25~70%であることがより好ましい。第2電子輸送層中にはその他の電子輸送材料を含有することもできる。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして第1ホストとして化合物6を、第2ホストとしてH1を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が40:60となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に第1電子輸送層として化合物6を5nmの厚さに形成した。そして化合物6とLiqをそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、15nmの厚さに第2電子輸送層を形成した。この時、化合物6とLiqの重量比が50:50となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。更に電子注入層としてLiqを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、第2電子輸送層を形成する化合物6の代わりに化合物12、16、18、23、28、36のいずれかを使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、第2電子輸送層を形成する化合物6の代わりに化合物47を使用し、化合物47とLiqの重量比が30:70となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、第2電子輸送層を形成する化合物6の代わりに化合物55を使用し、化合物55とLiqの重量比が70:30となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した
実施例1において、第1電子輸送層として化合物6の代わりに化合物10、11、又は16を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した。
化合物17(0.50g)とLiq(0.50g)を量りとり、乳鉢ですり潰しながら混合することにより予備混合物E1を調整した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして第1ホストとして化合物6を、第2ホストとしてH1を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が10wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が40:60となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、第1電子輸送層として化合物6を5nmの厚さに形成した。そして第2電子輸送層として予備混合物E1を15nmの厚さに形成し、更に電子注入層としてLiqを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
実施例1において、第2電子輸送層を形成する化合物6の代わりにET-1を使用した以外は、実施例1と同様の条件で有機EL素子を作製した。
膜厚110nmのITOからなる陽極が形成されたガラス基板上に、各薄膜を真空蒸着法にて、真空度4.0×10-5Paで積層した。まず、ITO上に正孔注入層としてHAT-CNを25nmの厚さに形成し、次に正孔輸送層としてNPDを30nmの厚さに形成した。次に、電子阻止層としてHT-1を10nmの厚さに形成した。そして第1ホストとして化合物6を、第2ホストとしてH1を、発光ドーパントとしてIr(ppy)3をそれぞれ異なる蒸着源から共蒸着し、40nmの厚さに発光層を形成した。この時、Ir(ppy)3の濃度が5wt%、第1ホストと第2ホストの重量比が40:60となる蒸着条件で共蒸着した。次に、電子輸送層として化合物6を20nmの厚さに形成した。更に、電子注入層としてLiqを1nmの厚さに形成した。最後に、電子注入層上に、陰極としてAlを70nmの厚さに形成し、有機EL素子を作製した。
Claims (8)
- 対向する陽極と陰極の間に1つ以上の発光層と1つ以上の電子輸送層を含む有機電界発光素子において、少なくとも1つの電子輸送層が、下記一般式(1)で表される化合物と電子供与体を含有することを特徴とする有機電界発光素子。
(ここで、環Aは式(1a)で表される芳香族炭化水素環であり、環Bは式(1b)で表される複素環であり、環A及び環Bはそれぞれ隣接する環と任意の位置で縮合する。
Lは、単結合、又は炭素数6~12の芳香族炭化水素基を表す。
Xは、N又はC-Ar1を表し、少なくとも1つのXはNを表す。
Y及びAr1は、各々独立に、水素、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5連結してなる連結芳香族基である。
R1は、独立に炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基、又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基である。a、b、及びcは、各々独立して0~3の整数を表す。
Zは、N-Ar2、C(R2)2、O、又はSである。Ar2は、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~18の芳香族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~18の芳香族複素環基、又はこれらの芳香族環が2~5連結してなる連結芳香族基である。R2は、独立に水素、炭素数1~10の脂肪族炭化水素基、置換若しくは未置換の炭素数6~10の芳香族炭化水素基又は置換若しくは未置換の炭素数3~12の芳香族複素環基である。) - 式(1b)で表される複素環が、式(1d)で表される複素環である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
(ここで、Ar1は、一般式(1)と同意である。) - 一般式(1)におけるLが単結合である請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 電子輸送層が、発光層に隣接する第1電子輸送層と第2電子輸送層の2層からなり、第1電子輸送層が一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有し、第2電子輸送層が一般式(1)で表される化合物と電子供与体を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 電子供与体が、アルカリ金属化合物またはアルカリ金属錯体であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 電子供与体が、リチウムキノリラートである請求項5に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 電子輸送層が、一般式(1)で表される化合物と電子供与体の予備混合物を蒸着させて得られる電子輸送層であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
- 発光層が、ホスト材料と発光材料を含み、発光材料として一般式(1)で表される化合物を含有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の有機電界発光素子。
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| KR1020187027013A KR102760228B1 (ko) | 2016-03-15 | 2017-02-10 | 유기 전계 발광 소자 |
| CN201780016883.7A CN108780849B (zh) | 2016-03-15 | 2017-02-10 | 有机电致发光元件 |
| US16/078,231 US11088334B2 (en) | 2016-03-15 | 2017-02-10 | Organic electroluminescent element |
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| WO2019176605A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-16 | 2019-09-19 | 日鉄ケミカル&マテリアル株式会社 | 有機電界発光素子 |
| JP2022128419A (ja) * | 2021-02-22 | 2022-09-01 | ローム・アンド・ハース・エレクトロニック・マテリアルズ・コリア・リミテッド | 有機エレクトロルミネセント化合物、複数のホスト材料及びそれを含む有機エレクトロルミネセントデバイス |
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| WO2018181188A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-31 | 2018-10-04 | 出光興産株式会社 | 有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子および電子機器 |
| US11117897B2 (en) | 2017-05-01 | 2021-09-14 | Universal Display Corporation | Organic electroluminescent materials and devices |
| CN112563426B (zh) * | 2019-09-26 | 2022-08-12 | 江苏三月科技股份有限公司 | 有机电致发光器件、其制备方法及包括其的显示装置 |
| US11956980B2 (en) * | 2019-12-26 | 2024-04-09 | Lg Display Co., Ltd. | Organic light emitting device and display device using the same |
| KR20220033737A (ko) * | 2020-09-10 | 2022-03-17 | 엘지디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기 화합물, 이를 포함하는 유기발광다이오드 및 유기발광장치 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| CN108780849A (zh) | 2018-11-09 |
| EP3432378A4 (en) | 2019-11-20 |
| US11088334B2 (en) | 2021-08-10 |
| TW201741437A (zh) | 2017-12-01 |
| KR20180121922A (ko) | 2018-11-09 |
| US20190103562A1 (en) | 2019-04-04 |
| EP3432378A1 (en) | 2019-01-23 |
| TWI699425B (zh) | 2020-07-21 |
| CN108780849B (zh) | 2020-10-27 |
| JP6763944B2 (ja) | 2020-09-30 |
| KR102760228B1 (ko) | 2025-01-24 |
| JPWO2017159152A1 (ja) | 2019-01-24 |
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