WO2019044946A1 - 抗体-薬物コンジュゲートの新規製造方法 - Google Patents
抗体-薬物コンジュゲートの新規製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2019044946A1 WO2019044946A1 PCT/JP2018/032055 JP2018032055W WO2019044946A1 WO 2019044946 A1 WO2019044946 A1 WO 2019044946A1 JP 2018032055 W JP2018032055 W JP 2018032055W WO 2019044946 A1 WO2019044946 A1 WO 2019044946A1
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- A61K47/6889—Conjugates wherein the antibody being the modifying agent and wherein the linker, binder or spacer confers particular properties to the conjugates, e.g. peptidic enzyme-labile linkers or acid-labile linkers, providing for an acid-labile immuno conjugate wherein the drug may be released from its antibody conjugated part in an acidic, e.g. tumoural or environment
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a novel method for producing exatecan which is a component of an antibody-drug conjugate, and a novel method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate using the same.
- An antibody-drug conjugate in which a cytotoxic drug is bound to an antibody that binds to an antigen that is expressed on the surface of cancer cells and that can be internalized in cells is selected for cancer cells. It is expected that the drug can be delivered to accumulate the drug in the cancer cells and kill the cancer cells (Non-Patent Documents 1 to 5).
- antibody-drug conjugates having an antibody and a topoisomerase I inhibitor, exatecan, as its components (patent documents 1 to 8, non-patent documents 6 and 7) are known. Because these antibody-drug conjugates have excellent antitumor effects and safety, clinical trials are currently underway.
- One object of the present invention is to find a novel process for producing exatecan which has a short number of steps and is industrially superior. Furthermore, it is another object of the present invention to construct a novel method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate using this.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- a method for producing a compound represented by formula (C), comprising [18] The production method according to [17], wherein X is a bromo group, an iodo group, a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, or an arylsulfonyloxy group. [19] The production method according to [17], wherein X is a bromo group. [20] The production method according to [17], wherein X is an iodo group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group. Manufacturing method described. [22] The production method according to any one of [7] to [10], wherein R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group. [23] The production method according to any one of [17] to [20], wherein R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group.
- the step of coupling the compound of formula (D) with 3-butenoic acid and converting it to the compound of formula (E) is prepared from palladium (II) acetate and tri (o-tolyl) phosphine [17]
- a step of dissolving the compound represented by the formula (E) in a basic aqueous solution and separating and washing with a first organic solvent, and then adding an acid to the basic aqueous solution, and using the second organic solvent The method according to any one of [17] to [24], including the step of separating and extracting the compound represented.
- Intramolecular cyclization of the compound of formula (B) and conversion to a compound of formula (C) comprises reacting the compound of formula (B) with trifluoroacetic anhydride The production method according to any one of [17] to [29], which is carried out by a method.
- the process of intramolecular cyclization of the compound of formula (B) and conversion to the compound of formula (C) comprises reacting the compound of formula (B) with thionyl chloride The manufacturing method according to any one of [17] to [29], which is performed.
- the production method according to [32], wherein the intramolecular cyclization is performed in the presence of aluminum chloride.
- the manufacturing method of the compound represented by Formula (2) including the process converted into the compound represented by these.
- R 2 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 2 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- R 2 is an acetyl group-protected amino group.
- step of converting the compound represented by the formula (C) into the compound represented by the formula (F) (i) reacting with a nitrite ester in the presence of a base to introduce a nitroso group, and then ii) the step of introducing a protecting group to the nitrogen atom derived from the nitroso group, and (iii) the step of reducing with hydrogen in the presence of a platinum carbon catalyst, described in any one of [34] to [37] Manufacturing method.
- step of converting the compound represented by the formula (F) into the compound represented by the formula (G) is performed in a solvent containing hydrochloric acid / ethanol Manufacturing method described.
- the manufacturing method of the compound represented by Formula (2) including the process converted into the compound represented by these.
- the step of coupling the compound of formula (6) with 3-butenoic acid and converting it to the compound of formula (7) is prepared from palladium (II) acetate and tri (o-tolyl) phosphine 48.
- the method according to [48] which is carried out in the presence of a palladium complex.
- the step of intramolecular cyclization of the compound represented by the formula (8) and conversion to the compound represented by the formula (9) comprises reacting the compound represented by the formula (8) with trifluoroacetic anhydride
- R 1 is as defined above.
- X is a bromo group, an iodo group, a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, or an arylsulfonyloxy group.
- X is a bromo group.
- X is an iodo group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- a compound of the formula (F) comprising the step of converting into a compound represented by (wherein R 1 is as defined above, and R 2 is an amino group protected by a protecting group) Production method.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 1 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- R 2 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group, or a benzoyl group.
- R 2 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group.
- R 2 is an acetyl group-protected amino group.
- Formula (6) is an amino group protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group,
- a method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate in which a drug linker represented by and an antibody are linked by a thioether bond A method for producing an antibody-drug conjugate in which a drug linker represented by and an antibody are linked by a thioether bond.
- the antibody is an anti-HER2 antibody, an anti-HER3 antibody, an anti-TROP2 antibody, an anti-B7-H3 antibody, or an anti-GPR20 antibody.
- the antibody is an anti-HER2 antibody.
- the production method according to [109] which is an antibody comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 2.
- an antibody wherein the anti-HER3 antibody comprises a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4
- the production method according to [112] which is a deleted antibody.
- the method according to [108], wherein the antibody is an anti-TROP2 antibody.
- An antibody comprising an anti-TROP2 antibody comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 20 to 470 in SEQ ID NO: 5 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 21 to 234 in SEQ ID NO: 6;
- the production method according to [115] which is an antibody in which a lysine residue at the heavy chain carboxyl terminus of the antibody is deleted.
- the production method according to [115] or [116] wherein the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is in the range of 3 to 5.
- the production method according to [108] wherein the antibody is an anti-B7-H3 antibody.
- an antibody comprising an anti-B7-H3 antibody comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in amino acid numbers 20 to 471 in SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in amino acid numbers 21 to 233 as SEQ ID NO: 8;
- the production method according to [118] which is an antibody in which a lysine residue at the heavy chain carboxyl terminus of the antibody is deleted.
- the production method according to [118] or [119] wherein the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is in the range of 3 to 5.
- the production method according to [108], wherein the antibody is an anti-GPR20 antibody.
- An antibody comprising an anti-GPR20 antibody comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 20 to 472 in SEQ ID NO: 9 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 21 to 234 in SEQ ID NO: 10;
- the production method according to [121] which is an antibody in which a lysine residue at heavy chain carboxyl terminal of said antibody is deleted.
- FIG. 7 shows the amino acid sequence of anti-HER2 antibody heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 1). Amino acid sequence of anti-HER2 antibody light chain (SEQ ID NO: 2). Amino acid sequence of anti-HER3 antibody heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 3).
- FIG. 7 shows the amino acid sequence of anti-HER3 antibody light chain (SEQ ID NO: 4).
- FIG. 7 shows the amino acid sequence of the anti-TROP2 antibody heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 5).
- FIG. 7 shows the amino acid sequence of the anti-TROP2 antibody light chain (SEQ ID NO: 6).
- FIG. 10 shows the amino acid sequence of anti-GPR20 antibody heavy chain (SEQ ID NO: 9).
- FIG. 10 shows the amino acid sequence of anti-GPR20 antibody light chain (SEQ ID NO: 10).
- the antibody-drug conjugates produced according to the invention are preferably Formula (15)
- A represents the binding position with the antibody
- an antibody-drug conjugate in which an antibody is linked via a thioether bond
- a partial structure consisting of a linker and a drug is referred to as a "drug linker”.
- This drug linker is a thiol group (in other words, the sulfur atom of a cysteine residue) generated at the disulfide bond site (between two heavy chains-heavy chain and between two heavy chains-light chain) of the antibody chain.
- the drug linker of the present invention is composed of exatecan which is a topoisomerase I inhibitor.
- Exatecan has the formula (2)
- camptothecin derivative having an antitumor effect.
- the antibody-drug conjugate used in the present invention is Formula (16)
- n is the same as the so-called average drug binding number (DAR; Drug-to-Antibody Ratio), and indicates the average binding number of drug linkers per antibody.
- DAR Drug-to-Antibody Ratio
- the compound represented by the formula (18) is considered to be the main anti-tumor activity of the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention, and has been confirmed to have topoisomerase I inhibitory activity (Ogitani Y. et al. et al., Clinical Cancer Research, 2016, Oct 15; 22 (20): 5097-5108, Epub 2016 Mar 29).
- the antibody-drug conjugates prepared according to the present invention are also known to possess a bystander effect (Ogitani Y. et al., Cancer Science (2016) 107, 1039-1046).
- the bystander effect is that the compound represented by the formula (18) released after the antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention is internalized in target-expressing cancer cells does not express the target It is also exerted by exerting an antitumor effect on nearby cancer cells.
- X represents a leaving group, preferably a bromo group, an iodo group, a trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, or an arylsulfonyloxy group, more preferably a bromo group or an iodo group, More preferably a bromo group;
- R 1 represents an amino group protected by a protecting group, preferably an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group Or an amino group protected with benzoyl group, more preferably an amino group protected with an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group, still more preferably an amino group protected with an acetyl group ;
- R 2 represents a protected amino group, suitably acetyl group, methoxyacetyl group, trifluoroacety
- This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (D) into a compound represented by the formula (E) by coupling with 3-butenoic acid.
- the compounds represented by the formula (D) can be produced by referring to known methods.
- the amount of 3-butenoic acid used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (D).
- the coupling reaction can be carried out in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably in the presence of a palladium catalyst.
- the palladium catalyst used in this step is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- divalent palladium salts such as palladium (II) iodide and bis (triphenylphosphine) palladium (II) chloride and complexes thereof, palladium black, palladium carbon, tetrakistriphenylphosphine palladium (0), bis (dibenzylidene) Acetone
- Zero-valent palladium metals such as palladium (0) and complexes thereof can be used, and palladium (II) acetate can be preferably used.
- the amount of palladium catalyst used in this step is not limited as long as the
- a ligand for forming a palladium complex in a reaction system can be used.
- a ligand that can be used in this step for example, triphenylphosphine, tri (o-tolyl) phosphine, tri (3-methoxyphenyl) phosphine, tri (4-chlorophenyl) phosphine, tri (2-furyl) Phosphine, tri (2-thienyl) phosphine, 1,2-bis (diphenylphosphino) ethane, and Buchwald ligand (2-dicyclohexylphosphino-2 ′, 6′-dimethoxybiphenyl (SPhos), 2-dicyclohexylphosphino- 2 ′, 4 ′, 6′-triisopropylbiphenyl (XPhos etc.) can be used, preferably tri (o-tolyl) pho
- This step can be suitably performed in the presence of a base.
- the base used in this step is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- Potassium can be mentioned, and more preferably, diisopropylethylamine can be mentioned.
- the amount of the base used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2 to 3 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (D).
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1- Methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water, and mixed solvents thereof can be used, and preferably, tetrahydrofuran can be mentioned.
- the reaction temperature in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 45 to 85 ° C., more preferably a temperature at which heating under reflux of tetrahydrofuran is performed.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2.5 to 10 hours.
- the compound represented by the formula (E) is dissolved in a basic aqueous solution and separated and washed with a first organic solvent, and then an acid is added to the basic aqueous solution, It can refine
- the first organic solvent is preferably 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- the second organic solvent is preferably 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- the basic aqueous solution is preferably an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution.
- E form and Z form exist as a geometric isomer in the compound represented by Formula (E), all are included in the compound represented by Formula (E), and it is in the scope of the present invention. included.
- the compound represented by the formula (E) of the present invention may be a mixture of E form and Z form, and the mixture as it is can be used in the next step.
- 3-butenoic acid ester can be used instead of 3-butenoic acid.
- the product obtained by the coupling of the compound represented by the formula (D) with a 3-butenoic acid ester can be converted to the compound represented by the formula (E) by hydrolysis .
- Step 2 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (E) into a compound represented by the formula (B) by reduction.
- the reduction in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but preferably, a palladium catalyst, a platinum catalyst, nickel under a hydrogen atmosphere (preferably under a hydrogen stream of 0.05 to 0.6 MPa) is preferably used. It can be carried out using a catalyst, a ruthenium catalyst, or a rhodium catalyst, more preferably it can be carried out using a palladium catalyst, still more preferably it can be carried out using palladium carbon, and even more preferably Can be performed using 5% palladium on carbon.
- the amount of 5% palladium carbon used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 5 to 80% by weight based on the compound represented by formula (D) used in step 1 .
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1- Mention may be made of methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and water, and mixed solvents thereof, preferably 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.5 to 2 hours.
- Step 3 is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (B) into a compound represented by the formula (C) by intramolecular cyclization.
- Intramolecular cyclization can be suitably carried out by intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation reaction.
- the method is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but preferably a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride or thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, oxalyl chloride, oxychloride
- a method using phosphorus, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentachloride can be mentioned, and more preferably, a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride or thionyl chloride can be mentioned, and still more preferably, trifluoroacetic anhydride Can be mentioned.
- the amount of trifluoroacetic anhydride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 3 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (B).
- the amount of thionyl chloride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 3 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (B).
- this step is preferably performed in the presence of an acid, and more preferably in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid.
- this step is preferably carried out in the presence of aluminum chloride.
- the amount of aluminum chloride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (B).
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, Benzene, toluene, and chlorobenzene, and a mixed solvent thereof can be mentioned, and preferably methylene chloride can be mentioned.
- a trifluoroacetic acid can be suitably included as a solvent.
- the reaction temperature in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but in the case of a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride, preferably -10 ° C to 20 ° C, and in the case of a method using thionyl chloride, it is preferable. 10 ° C. to 40 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2 hours to 8 hours in the method using trifluoroacetic anhydride, and preferably in the method using thionyl chloride. Is from 1 hour to 4 hours.
- this process can also be divided and performed to the following two-step process.
- Y represents a leaving group, preferably a chloro group, a bromo group, an iodo group, a fluoro group, or a trifluoroacetoxy group, more preferably a chloro group or a trifluoroacetoxy group.
- R 1 represents an amino group protected by a protecting group, preferably protected by an acetyl group, a methoxyacetyl group, a trifluoroacetyl group, a trichloroacetyl group, a pivaloyl group, a formyl group or a benzoyl group It represents an amino group, more preferably an amino group protected by an acetyl group or a trifluoroacetyl group, still more preferably an amino group protected by an acetyl group.
- Step 3A is a step of converting the compound represented by Formula (B) into a compound represented by Formula (J).
- this process can be suitably carried out by a method using thionyl chloride, sulfuryl chloride, oxalyl chloride, phosphorus oxychloride, phosphorus trichloride or phosphorus pentachloride, and more preferably thionyl chloride
- This process can be performed by a method using
- the amount of thionyl chloride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 3 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (B).
- Y is a trifluoroacetoxy group
- this step can be suitably performed by a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride.
- the amount of trifluoroacetic anhydride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 3 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (B).
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, Mention may be made of benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, and trifluoroacetic acid, and mixed solvents thereof, and in the case of a method using thionyl chloride, methylene chloride can be preferably mentioned and a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride In the case, preferably, trifluoroacetic acid can be mentioned.
- Step 3B is a step of converting the compound represented by Formula (J) into a compound represented by Formula (C).
- this process can be suitably performed in the presence of aluminum chloride.
- the amount of aluminum chloride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (B).
- this step can be suitably carried out in the presence of an acid, and more suitably this step can be carried out in the presence of trifluoroacetic acid.
- the reaction temperature in step 3A and step 3B is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but in the case of a method using thionyl chloride, it is preferably 10 ° C to 40 ° C, and in the case of a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride To -10 ° C to 20 ° C.
- the total reaction time of step 3A and step 3B is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but in the case of a method using thionyl chloride, it is preferably 1 hour to 4 hours, and in the case of a method using trifluoroacetic anhydride Preferably, it is 2 hours to 8 hours.
- This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (C) into a compound represented by the formula (F).
- This step preferably includes (i) nitrosating (or oximeting) the ⁇ -position of a carbonyl group, (ii) introducing a protecting group to a nitrogen atom derived from a nitroso group (or oxime group), (iii) B) reducing.
- the order of (ii) and (iii) may be reversed, or may be performed simultaneously.
- the nitrosating agent (or oximeting agent) used in the step (i) is not particularly limited as long as it can nitrosate (or oximation) at the ⁇ -position of the carbonyl group of the compound represented by formula (C)
- nitrite can preferably be used, more preferably amyl nitrite, n-butyl nitrite or tert-butyl nitrite, and even more preferably, nitrite Amyl nitrate can be used.
- the amount of amyl nitrite used in step (i) is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 1.6 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (C).
- the step (i) preferably uses a base.
- the base used in the step (i) is not particularly limited as long as it can be applied to the nitrosation (or oximation) of the ⁇ -position of the carbonyl group of the compound represented by formula (C).
- the amount of potassium tert-butoxide used in step (i) is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by formula (C) .
- the solvent used in the step (i) is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane Mention may be made of hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, and dimethyl sulfoxide, and mixed solvents thereof, with preference given to tetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction temperature of the step (i) is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably ⁇ 10 to 20 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1.5 to 30 hours.
- reaction conditions can be appropriately set according to the type of protecting group for amino group in R 2 .
- R 2 is an amino group protected by an acetyl group
- the step of (ii) can suitably use acetic anhydride in acetic acid.
- the step (iii) can be carried out under a hydrogen atmosphere (preferably under a hydrogen stream of 0.15 to 1.2 MPa) using, for example, a platinum carbon catalyst or using a zinc powder. Although it can be carried out, preferably, it can be carried out using a platinum carbon catalyst, more preferably it can be carried out using a 2% or 5% platinum carbon catalyst.
- the amount of 2% or 5% platinum carbon catalyst is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 5 to 60% by weight based on the compound represented by formula (C).
- the solvent used in the step (ii) can be used.
- the reaction temperature of the step (ii) and the step (iii) is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0 to 40 ° C.
- the total reaction time of the step of (ii) and the step of (iii) is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2 to 8 hours.
- Step 5 is a step of selectively deprotecting the protecting group of the aromatic amino group of the compound represented by the formula (F) and converting it into a compound represented by the formula (G).
- reaction conditions can be appropriately set according to the type of protecting group of amino group in R 1 and R 2 .
- R 1 and R 2 are amino groups protected by an acetyl group
- this step can be suitably performed using hydrochloric acid, more preferably using 2N hydrochloric acid / ethanol Can.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 40 to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2 to 14 hours.
- Step 6 This process is a process of condensing the compound represented by Formula (G), and the compound represented by Formula (1), and converting into the compound represented by Formula (H).
- the compounds represented by the formula (1) can be produced with reference to the description of US Pat. No. 4,777,891 or the like, or commercially available ones can be used.
- the amount of the compound represented by the formula (1) used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but preferably, the compound represented by formula (G) is 0.8 to 1. 2 equivalents.
- This step is carried out in the presence of an acid catalyst.
- an acid catalyst used in this step pyridinium p-toluenesulfonate can be preferably mentioned.
- the acid catalyst used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.03 to 0.3 equivalents with respect to the compound represented by formula (G).
- This step is preferably performed in a solvent containing cresol or phenol, and more preferably in toluene containing o-cresol.
- the reaction temperature in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 90 to 130 ° C., and more preferably a temperature at which toluene is heated under reflux.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 16 to 64 hours.
- Step 7 is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (H) into a compound represented by the formula (2).
- the compound represented by Formula (2) may be a salt and may be a hydrate, and all are included in the scope of the “compound represented by Formula (2)” in the present invention.
- This step can be preferably performed in the presence of an acid, and more preferably in the presence of methanesulfonic acid and water.
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, but preferably a solvent containing 2-methoxyethanol and ethylcyclohexane can be used, and the above-mentioned acid is used as a solvent.
- a mixed solvent of methanesulfonic acid, water, 2-methoxyethanol and ethylcyclohexane can be more preferably used.
- This step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but can preferably be performed at 80 to 160 ° C., more preferably a mixed solvent of methanesulfonic acid, water, 2-methoxyethanol and ethylcyclohexane. It can carry out at the temperature which becomes heating and refluxing.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 4 to 16 hours.
- the compound represented by Formula (2) can be preferably obtained as a methanesulfonate, and more preferably methanesulfonate m hydrate (where m is 0 to 3) And more preferably methanesulfonic acid salt anhydride, methanesulfonic acid salt monohydrate, methanesulfonic acid salt dihydrate, or methanesulfonic acid salt trihydrate Although it can be obtained as a substance, and even more preferably as a methanesulfonate dihydrate, any of them can be used in the production method of the present invention.
- the above hydrate number can be controlled by adjusting the humidity at the time of crystal acquisition and drying.
- the compound represented by Formula (2) can be more suitably manufactured according to the following method.
- Step 8 This step is a step of brominating a compound represented by the formula (3) to convert it into a compound represented by the formula (4).
- the compound represented by Formula (3) can use what was manufactured by the well-known method, or a commercially available thing.
- the brominating agent used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, and examples thereof include bromine and N-bromosuccinimide, preferably N-bromosuccinimide.
- the amount of N-bromosuccinimide used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 1.5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by Formula (3).
- This step can be suitably carried out in a mixed solvent of sulfuric acid and other solvents.
- solvents are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, There may be mentioned chlorobenzene or a mixed solvent thereof, preferably heptane.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.5 to 2 hours.
- This step is a step of reducing the nitro group of the compound represented by the formula (4) to an amino group and converting it to a compound represented by the formula (5).
- the reducing agent used in this step may be any reducing agent which can selectively reduce only the nitro group without progress of debromination, and preferably in the presence of hydrogen (preferably 0.05 to 0).
- a platinum carbon catalyst can be used under a hydrogen stream of 2 MPa, and more preferably, a 1% platinum carbon catalyst can be used.
- the amount of platinum-carbon catalyst used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 5 to 40% by weight based on the compound represented by Formula (3) used in step 8.
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetic acid Ethyl and water, and mixed solvents thereof can be mentioned, and preferably ethyl acetate can be mentioned.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2 to 8 hours.
- Step 10 This step is a step of acetylating the amino group of the compound represented by the formula (5) to convert it into a compound represented by the formula (6).
- the acetylating agent used in this step include acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride, and preferred examples include acetic anhydride.
- the amount of acetic anhydride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.5 to 1 equivalent to the compound represented by Formula (3) used in Step 8.
- a base can be suitably used in this step. The base is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably triethylamine.
- the amount of the base is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.75 to 1.5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by Formula (3) used in Step 8.
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1- Mention may be made of methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and water, and mixed
- Step 11 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (6) into a compound represented by the formula (7) by coupling with 3-butenoic acid. This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 1.
- E form and Z form exist as a geometric isomer in the compound represented by Formula (7), all are included in the compound represented by Formula (7), and are included in the scope of the present invention. included.
- the compound represented by the formula (7) of the present invention may be a mixture of E form and Z form, and the mixture can be used in the next step as it is.
- Step 12 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (7) into a compound represented by the formula (8) by reduction.
- the reduction in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but preferably, a palladium catalyst, a platinum catalyst, nickel under a hydrogen atmosphere (preferably under a hydrogen stream of 0.05 to 0.2 MPa) are preferably used. It can be carried out using a catalyst, a ruthenium catalyst, or a rhodium catalyst, more preferably it can be carried out using a palladium catalyst, still more preferably it can be carried out using palladium carbon, and even more preferably Can use 5% palladium carbon.
- the amount of 5% palladium carbon used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 5 to 40% by weight based on the compound represented by Formula (7) used in step 11 .
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1- Mention may be made of methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and water, and mixed solvents thereof, preferably 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.5 to 2 hours.
- Step 13 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (8) into a compound represented by the formula (9) by intramolecular cyclization. This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 3.
- Step 14 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (9) into a compound represented by the formula (10). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 4.
- Step 15 This step is a step of selectively deprotecting the protecting group of the aromatic amino group of the compound represented by the formula (10) and converting it into the compound represented by the formula (11). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 5.
- Step 16 This process is a process of condensing the compound represented by Formula (11), and the compound represented by Formula (1), and converting into the compound represented by Formula (12). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 6. In addition, it is thought that this process passes through the compound represented by the compound represented by Formula (30), and / or Formula (31) as a reaction intermediate.
- Step 17 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (12) into a compound represented by the formula (2). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 7.
- the compound represented by Formula (2) can also be manufactured according to the following method.
- Step 18 is a step of iodinating a compound represented by the formula (3) to convert it into a compound represented by the formula (32).
- the compound represented by Formula (3) can use what was manufactured by the well-known method, or a commercially available thing.
- the iodination agent used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, and may be, for example, iodine or N-iodosuccinimide, preferably N-iodosuccinimide.
- the amount of N-iodosuccinimide used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 2 equivalents relative to the compound represented by Formula (3).
- This step can be suitably carried out in a mixed solvent of sulfuric acid and other solvents.
- solvents are not particularly limited as long as they do not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include dichloromethane, chloroform, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, There may be mentioned chlorobenzene or a mixed solvent thereof, preferably heptane.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably -10 to 10 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 1 to 4 hours.
- Step 19 is a step of reducing the nitro group of the compound represented by the formula (32) to an amino group to convert it into a compound represented by the formula (33).
- the reducing agent used in this step may be any reducing agent that can selectively reduce only the nitro group without progress of deiodination, and preferably in the presence of hydrogen (preferably 0.05 to 0).
- the platinum carbon catalyst can be used under a hydrogen flow of 2 MPa. The amount of platinum-carbon catalyst used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 5 to 40% by weight based on the compound represented by Formula (3) used in step 18.
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include methanol, ethanol, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, acetic acid Ethyl and water, and mixed solvents thereof can be mentioned, and preferably ethyl acetate can be mentioned.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 2 to 8 hours.
- This step is a step of acetylating the amino group of the compound represented by the formula (33) to convert it into a compound represented by the formula (34).
- the acetylating agent used in this step include acetic anhydride and acetyl chloride, and preferred examples include acetic anhydride.
- the amount of acetic anhydride used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 0.5 to 1 equivalent based on the compound represented by Formula (3) used in Step 18.
- a base can be suitably used in this step. The base is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably triethylamine.
- the amount of the base is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but it is preferably 0.75 to 1.5 equivalents relative to the compound represented by Formula (3) used in Step 18.
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1- Mention may be made of methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and water, and
- Step 21 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (34) into a compound represented by the formula (7) by coupling with 3-butenoic acid. This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 1.
- Step 22 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (7) into a compound represented by the formula (8) by reduction.
- This step can be carried out in the same manner as in step 12, but it is preferable to carry out with a higher catalyst amount and hydrogen pressure than step 12 because the residual iodide ion may lower the catalyst activity. .
- the reduction in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but preferably, a palladium catalyst, a platinum catalyst, nickel under a hydrogen atmosphere (preferably under a hydrogen stream of 0.15 to 0.6 MPa) are preferably used. It can be carried out using a catalyst, a ruthenium catalyst, or a rhodium catalyst, more preferably it can be carried out using a palladium catalyst, still more preferably it can be carried out using palladium carbon, and even more preferably Can use 5% palladium carbon.
- the amount of 5% palladium carbon used in this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 20 to 160% by weight based on the compound represented by Formula (34) used in step 21. .
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, and examples thereof include acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyl Tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1- Mention may be made of methyl-2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide and water, and mixed solvents thereof, preferably 2-methyltetrahydrofuran.
- the reaction temperature of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 20 to 60 ° C.
- the reaction time of this step is not limited as long as the reaction proceeds, but is preferably 4 to 16 hours.
- Step 23 is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (8) into a compound represented by the formula (9) by intramolecular cyclization. This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 3.
- Step 24 This step is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (9) into a compound represented by the formula (10). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 4.
- Step 25 This step is a step of selectively deprotecting the protecting group of the aromatic amino group of the compound represented by the formula (10) and converting it into the compound represented by the formula (11). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 5.
- Step 26 This process is a process of condensing the compound represented by Formula (11), and the compound represented by Formula (1), and converting into the compound represented by Formula (12). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 16.
- Step 27 is a step of converting the compound represented by the formula (12) into a compound represented by the formula (2). This step can be performed in the same manner as the method described in step 7. In the reaction of each of the above steps, after completion of the reaction, the target compound of each step can be isolated from the reaction mixture according to a method well known in the field of organic chemistry.
- the target compound is, for example, (i) optionally filtering off insoluble matter such as a catalyst, and (ii) a reaction mixture immiscible with water and water (eg methylene chloride, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate or 2) Methyltetrahydrofuran and the like are added to extract the target compound, (iii) the organic layer is washed with water, dried using a drying agent such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the like, and obtained by distilling off the solvent (iv).
- a reaction mixture immiscible with water and water eg methylene chloride, diethyl ether, ethyl acetate or 2
- Methyltetrahydrofuran and the like are added to extract the target compound
- the organic layer is washed with water, dried using a drying agent such as anhydrous magnesium sulfate and the like, and obtained by distilling off the solvent (iv).
- the desired compound thus obtained can be further purified, if necessary, by methods well known in the field of organic chemistry (eg, recrystallization, reprecipitation, silica gel column chromatography, or high performance liquid chromatography).
- the process of the invention can suitably be carried out without the use of chromatography.
- the compound represented by the formula (2) obtained by the production method of the present invention is preferably a compound represented by the formula (15)
- the drug can be used for the preparation of an antibody-drug conjugate in which an antibody is linked to a drug linker by a thioether bond, but is not limited thereto, and an antibody-drug conjugate having another chemical structure It can also be used for manufacturing and other applications.
- the drug linker intermediate suitably used for the production of the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention is a compound represented by the formula (14).
- the compound represented by Formula (14) can be manufactured as follows.
- the compound represented by Formula (2) can be used for the compound represented by Formula (2).
- the compound represented by the formula (13) is produced on the basis of the descriptions of WO 2014/057687, WO 2015/098099, WO 2015/115091, WO 2015/155998, etc. be able to.
- the conversion to the compound represented by the formula (14) is carried out by derivatizing the compound represented by the formula (13) into an active ester, a mixed acid anhydride or an acid halide etc., preferably in the presence of a base It can carry out by making it react with the compound represented by Formula (2).
- the active ester is, for example, a compound represented by the formula (13), N, N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide (DCC), or 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide ⁇ hydrochloride (WSCD ⁇ HCl) And the like, and reacting with an additive such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), N-hydroxysuccinimide, or p-nitrophenol. It can be manufactured.
- DCC N′-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide
- WSCD ⁇ HCl 1-ethyl-3- (3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide ⁇ hydrochloride
- an additive such as 1-hydroxybenzotriazole (HOBt), 1-hydroxy-7-azabenzotriazole (HOAt), N-hydroxysuccinimide, or p-nitrophenol. It can be manufactured.
- the active ester is a compound represented by the formula (13): O- (7-azabenzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate Pentafluorophenyl trifluoroacetate (HATU), O- (benzotriazol-1-yl) -N, N, N ', N'-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HBTU), diethyl cyanophosphonate or It can also be produced by reaction with a condensing agent such as 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM).
- a condensing agent such as 4- (4,6-dimethoxy-1,3,5-triazin-2-yl) -4-methylmorpholinium chloride (DMTMM).
- the mixed acid anhydride can be produced, for example, by reacting the compound represented by the formula (13) with isobutyl chlorocarbonate, if necessary, in the presence of a base.
- the acid halide can be prepared by treatment with an acid halide such as thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride, optionally in the presence of a base.
- an acid halide such as thionyl chloride or oxalyl chloride
- the base used in this step is not particularly limited as long as the reaction proceeds.
- the solvent used in this step is not particularly limited as long as it does not inhibit the reaction, but acetonitrile, dichloromethane, chloroform, methanol, ethanol, diethyl ether, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, tetrahydrofuran, 2-methyltetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, ethyl acetate, hexane, pentane, heptane, cyclohexane, ethylcyclohexane, benzene, toluene, chlorobenzene, acetone, 2-butanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, 1-methyl- Examples thereof include 2-pyrrolidone, dimethyl sulfoxide, and water, and mixed solvents thereof, preferably acetonitrile, dichloromethane, methanol, tetrahydrofuran, 1,4-dioxane, N,
- the antibody used for producing the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention may be derived from any species but is preferably an antibody derived from human, rat, mouse and rabbit. Where the antibody is from a species other than human, it is preferable to chimerize or humanize using well known techniques.
- the antibody of the present invention may be a polyclonal antibody or a monoclonal antibody, preferably a monoclonal antibody.
- the antibody used for producing the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention preferably has a property of being able to target cancer cells, a property of being able to recognize cancer cells, a property of being able to bind to cancer cells, Those having a property of being internalized by being taken into a cancer cell, and / or a cell-killing activity for a cancer cell, etc. are preferable.
- the binding of the antibody to cancer cells can be confirmed using flow cytometry.
- An assay that visualizes the intracellularly incorporated antibody with a fluorescent microscope using a secondary antibody (fluorescent label) that binds to the therapeutic antibody Cell Death and Differentiation (2008) ) 15, 751-761
- Assay for measuring the amount of fluorescence incorporated into cells using a secondary antibody (fluorescent label) that binds to the therapeutic antibody Molecular Biology of the Cell Vol. 15, 5268- 5282, December 2004
- Mab-ZAP assay that when incorporated into a cell, the toxin is released to suppress cell proliferation when incorporated into a therapeutic antibody (Bio Techniques 28: 162- 165, January 2000).
- a recombinant complex protein of the catalytic domain of dipthetheria toxin and protein G can also be used.
- the anti-tumor activity of the antibody can be confirmed in vitro by measuring the cell growth inhibitory activity.
- a cancer cell line overexpressing a target protein of an antibody can be cultured, and the antibody can be added to the culture system at various concentrations to measure the inhibitory activity against foci formation, colony formation and spheroid growth.
- anti-tumor activity can be confirmed by administering an antibody to a nude mouse transplanted with a cancer cell line highly expressing a target protein and measuring changes in the cancer cells.
- the anti-tumor effect of the antibody itself is not essential since the antibody-drug conjugate is conjugated with a compound that exerts an anti-tumor effect.
- the antibody-drug conjugate is conjugated with a compound that exerts an anti-tumor effect.
- the antibody In order to exert the cytotoxicity of the antitumor compound specifically and selectively in cancer cells, it is important that the antibody has a property of being internalized and transferred into the cancer cells, which is preferable.
- the antibodies used to produce the antibody-drug conjugates of the present invention can be obtained by known means. For example, it can be obtained by immunizing an animal with a polypeptide to be an antigen, and collecting and purifying antibodies produced in vivo, using methods commonly practiced in the art.
- the origin of the antigen is not limited to human, and the animal can be immunized with an antigen derived from a nonhuman animal such as a mouse or a rat.
- antibodies that can be applied to human diseases can be selected by testing the cross-reactivity between the human antigen and the antibody that binds to the obtained heterologous antigen.
- a hybridoma can be established by fusing an antibody-producing cell producing an antibody against the antigen with a myeloma cell to obtain a monoclonal antibody.
- An antigen can be obtained by causing a host cell to produce a gene encoding an antigen protein by genetic manipulation. Specifically, a vector capable of expressing an antigen gene may be prepared, introduced into a host cell to express the gene, and the expressed antigen may be purified. Antibodies can also be obtained by using the method of immunizing an animal with an antigen-expressing cell by genetic engineering or a cell line expressing the antigen.
- the antibody used in the production of the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention is a genetically modified antibody, such as a chimeric (chimeric) antibody, a human, which has been artificially modified for the purpose of reducing heterologous antigenicity to human etc.
- a genetically modified antibody such as a chimeric (chimeric) antibody, a human, which has been artificially modified for the purpose of reducing heterologous antigenicity to human etc.
- it is a humanized antibody, or an antibody having only the gene sequence of an antibody derived from human, that is, a human antibody.
- These antibodies can be produced using known methods.
- chimeric antibodies include antibodies in which the variable region of the antibody and the constant region are heterologous to each other, such as a chimeric antibody in which the variable region of a mouse- or rat-derived antibody is conjugated to a constant region derived from human (Proc. Natl. Acad Sci. USA, 81, 6851-6855, (1984)).
- an antibody (Nature (1986) 321, p. 522-525) in which only complementarity determining region (CDR; complementarity determining region) of a heterologous antibody is incorporated into a human-derived antibody;
- CDR complementarity determining region
- some framework amino acid residues of the heterologous antibody are also grafted to human antibodies (WO 90/07861), gene conversion mutagenesis strategy Mention may be made of antibodies which have been humanized using (US Pat. No. 5,821,337).
- human antibody an antibody prepared using a human antibody-producing mouse having a human chromosomal fragment containing heavy and light chain genes of human antibody (Tomizuka, K. et al., Nature Genetics (1997) 16, p. 133-143; Kuroiwa, Y. et. Al., Nucl. Acids Res. (1998) 26, p. 3447-3448; Yoshida, H. et. Al., Animal Cell Technology: Basic and Applied Aspects vol. p. 69-73 (Kitagawa, Y., Matsuda, T. and Iijima, S. eds.), Kluwer Academic Publishers, 1999; Tomizuka, K. et. al., Proc.
- antibodies obtained by phage display selected from human antibody libraries (Wormstone, I. M. et. Al, Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science. (2002) 43 (7), p. 2301-2308; Mé, S. et al. et. al., Briefings in Functional Genomics and Proteomics (2002), 1 (2), p. 189-203; Siriwardena, D. et. al., Ophthalmology (2002) 109 (3), p. See also).
- the antibodies used to produce the antibody-drug conjugates of the present invention also include modified forms of the antibodies.
- denatured body means that by which chemical or biological modification is given to the antibody based on this invention.
- Chemical modifications include chemical modifications having a bond of a chemical moiety to an amino acid backbone, a bond of a chemical moiety to an N-linked or an O-linked carbohydrate chain, and the like.
- Biologically modified forms include post-translational modifications (eg, addition of N-linked or O-linked sugar chains, N- or C-terminal processing, deamidation, isomerization of aspartic acid, oxidation of methionine, etc.
- those having a methionine residue added to the N-terminus by expression using a prokaryotic host cell are also included in the meaning of such modified products.
- modified forms of the antibody according to the present invention are useful for the improvement of antibody stability and retention in blood, reduction of antigenicity, detection or isolation of antibody or antigen, and the like.
- WO 99/54342, WO 00/61739, WO 02/31140, etc. are known as techniques for modulating antibody sugar chain modification, but are not limited thereto.
- the antibodies according to the present invention also include antibodies in which the sugar chain modification has been adjusted.
- the antibody according to the present invention also includes the modified antibody and a functional fragment of the antibody, a deleted form in which one or two amino acids are deleted at the heavy chain carboxyl terminus, and amidated Also included are such deletions (eg, a heavy chain in which a proline residue at the carboxyl terminal site is amidated).
- deletion of the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody according to the present invention is not limited to the above-mentioned type, as long as the antigen binding ability and effector function are maintained.
- the two heavy chains constituting the antibody according to the present invention may be any one kind of heavy chain selected from the group consisting of full length and the above-mentioned deletion product, or any two kinds thereof are combined. It may be one.
- the antibody according to the present invention preferably has a carboxyl terminal at both of two heavy chains. Those in which one amino acid residue is deleted can be mentioned.
- IgG immunoglobulin G
- IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 immunoglobulin G
- IgG1 or IgG2 can be mentioned.
- the antibody that can be used for producing the antibody-drug conjugate of the present invention is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include anti-HER2 antibody, anti-HER3 antibody, anti-TROP2 antibody, anti-B7-H3 antibody, anti-CD3 antibody, and anti-CD30 antibody, Anti-CD33, Anti-CD37, Anti-CD56, Anti-DR98, Anti-EGFR, Anti-EPHA2, Anti-FGFR2, Anti-FGFR2, Anti-FOLR1, Anti-VEGF, and Anti-GPR20 Antibodies
- anti-HER2 antibody, anti-HER3 antibody, anti-TROP2 antibody, anti-B7-H3 antibody, and anti-GPR20 antibody can be mentioned.
- the "anti-HER2 antibody” specifically binds to HER2 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 2; ErbB-2), preferably, an activity to internalize in HER2-expressing cells by binding to HER2. Shows an antibody having
- trastuzumab (trastuzumab) (US Pat. No. 5,521,337) and pertuzumab (pertuzumab) (WO 01/00245) can be mentioned, with preference given to trastuzumab .
- “trastuzumab” is a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 1 to 449 in SEQ ID NO: 1 (FIG. 1) and the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 1 to 214 in SEQ ID NO: 2 (FIG. 2).
- a humanized anti-HER2 monoclonal antibody comprising a light chain comprising
- the "anti-HER3 antibody” specifically binds to HER3 (Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 3; ErbB-3), and preferably, binds to HER3 on the cell surface of HER3-expressing cell to thereby bind to HER3.
- HER3 Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Type 3; ErbB-3
- the antibody which has the activity which internalizes in an expression cell is shown.
- anti-HER3 antibody for example, patritumab (patritumab; U3-1287), U1-59 (WO 2007/077028), MM-121 (seribantumab), anti-ERBB3 antibody described in WO 2008/100624, RG Mention may be made of -7116 (lumretuzumab), and LJM- 716 (elgemtumab), preferably patrizumab and U1-59.
- the "anti-TROP2 antibody” specifically binds to TROP2 (TACSTD2: Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2; EGP-1), preferably internalizes in TROP2-expressing cells by binding to TROP2.
- TROP2 Tumor-associated calcium signal transducer 2; EGP-1
- Antibody having the following activity.
- anti-TROP2 antibodies examples include hTINA1-H1L1 (WO 2015/098099).
- the "anti-B7-H3 antibody” specifically binds to B7-H3 (B cell antigen # 7 homolog 3; PD-L3; CD276), preferably by binding to B7-H3.
- B7-H3 B cell antigen # 7 homolog 3; PD-L3; CD276
- An antibody having an activity of internalizing B7-H3 expressing cells is shown.
- M30-H1-L4 (WO 2014/057687) can be mentioned.
- anti-GPR20 antibody refers to an antibody that specifically binds to GPR20 (G protein-coupled receptor 20), and preferably has an activity to internalize GPR20-expressing cells by binding to GPR20.
- anti-GPR20 antibodies include h046-H4e / L7 (WO 2018/135501).
- the antibody-drug conjugate according to the present invention is produced by reacting a drug linker intermediate (preferably a compound represented by formula (14)) with an antibody having a thiol group (also referred to as sulfhydryl group). be able to.
- a drug linker intermediate preferably a compound represented by formula (14)
- an antibody having a thiol group also referred to as sulfhydryl group.
- An antibody having a sulfhydryl group can be obtained by a method known to those skilled in the art (Hermanson, GT, Bioconjugate Techniques, pp. 56-136, pp. 454-493, Academic Press (1996)).
- a reducing agent such as tris (2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride (TCEP) is used in an amount of 0.3 to 3 molar equivalents per inter-chain disulfide of an antibody, and a chelate such as ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA)
- TCEP 2-carboxyethyl) phosphine hydrochloride
- EDTA ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
- Calculation of the average drug binding number per antibody molecule of the produced antibody-drug conjugate is calculated, for example, by measuring the UV absorbance of the antibody-drug conjugate and its conjugation precursor at two wavelengths of 280 nm and 370 nm. (UV method) or a method (HPLC method) of quantifying and calculating each fragment obtained by treating the antibody-drug conjugate with a reducing agent by HPLC measurement.
- UV method UV absorbance of the antibody-drug conjugate and its conjugation precursor at two wavelengths of 280 nm and 370 nm.
- HPLC method a method of quantifying and calculating each fragment obtained by treating the antibody-drug conjugate with a reducing agent by HPLC measurement.
- anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate indicates an antibody-drug conjugate in which the antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is an anti-HER2 antibody.
- the anti-HER2 antibody preferably comprises a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in amino acid numbers 1-449 in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in amino acid numbers 1-214 in SEQ ID NO: 2. It is an antibody or an antibody comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2.
- the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody of the anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 3 to 8, and even more preferably 7 to 8, even more preferably 7.5 to 8, and even more preferably about 8.
- the anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate can be prepared by using the drug linker intermediate (preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)) produced by the production method of the present invention, as described in WO 2015/115091 etc. It can be manufactured by reference.
- the drug linker intermediate preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)
- anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate indicates an antibody-drug conjugate in which the antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is an anti-HER3 antibody.
- the anti-HER3 antibody comprises an antibody comprising a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 3 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in SEQ ID NO: 4 It is an antibody in which a lysine residue is deleted.
- the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody of the anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 3 to 8, and even more preferably 7 to 8, even more preferably 7.5 to 8, and even more preferably about 8.
- the anti-HER3 antibody-drug conjugate can be prepared by using the drug-linker intermediate (preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)) produced by the production method of the present invention as described in WO 2015/155998 etc. It can be manufactured by reference.
- the drug-linker intermediate preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)
- anti-TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate refers to an antibody-drug conjugate in which the antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is an anti-TROP2 antibody.
- the anti-TROP2 antibody suitably comprises a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in amino acid numbers 20 to 470 in SEQ ID NO: 5 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence as set forth in amino acid numbers 21 to 234 in SEQ ID NO: 6 It is an antibody or an antibody in which a lysine residue at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody is deleted.
- the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody of the anti-TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 3 to 5, and even more preferably 3.5 to 4.5, and even more preferably about 4.
- the anti-TROP2 antibody-drug conjugate is prepared by using the drug-linker intermediate (preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)) produced by the production method of the present invention, as described in WO 2015/098099, etc. It can be manufactured by reference.
- the drug-linker intermediate preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)
- anti-B7-H3 antibody-drug conjugate indicates an antibody-drug conjugate in which the antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is an anti-B7-H3 antibody.
- the anti-B7-H3 antibody preferably comprises a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 20 to 471 in SEQ ID NO: 7 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 21 to 233 in SEQ ID NO: 8 Or an antibody in which a lysine residue at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody is deleted.
- the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody of the anti-B7-H3 antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 3 to 5, and even more preferably Are from 3.5 to 4.5, and even more preferably about 4.
- the anti-B7-H3 antibody-drug conjugate is obtained by using the drug-linker intermediate (preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)) produced by the production method of the present invention, WO 2014/057687, etc. Can be manufactured with reference to
- anti-GPR20 antibody-drug conjugate indicates an antibody-drug conjugate in which the antibody in the antibody-drug conjugate is an anti-GPR20 antibody.
- the anti-GPR20 antibody comprises a heavy chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 20 to 472 in SEQ ID NO: 9 and a light chain consisting of the amino acid sequence set forth in amino acid numbers 21 to 234 in SEQ ID NO: 10 It is an antibody or an antibody in which a lysine residue at the carboxyl terminus of the heavy chain of the antibody is deleted.
- the average number of drug linkers attached per antibody of the anti-GPR20 antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention is preferably 2 to 8, more preferably 3 to 8, and even more preferably 7 to 8, even more preferably 7.5 to 8, and even more preferably about 8.
- the anti-GPR20 antibody-drug conjugate is prepared by using the drug-linker intermediate (preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)) produced by the production method of the present invention, as described in WO 2018/135501, etc. It can be manufactured by reference.
- the drug-linker intermediate preferably the compound represented by the formula (14)
- the antibody-drug conjugates produced by the present invention can be administered including one or more pharmaceutically compatible components.
- the pharmaceutically compatible component is suitably selected from formulation additives and the like usually used in this field according to the dose, concentration and the like of the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention.
- the antibody-drug conjugates produced according to the present invention are administered as a pharmaceutical composition comprising a buffer such as histidine buffer, an excipient such as sucrose or trehalose, and a surfactant such as polysorbate 80 or polysorbate 20. It can be done.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention can be applied to patients as a systemic therapy, as well as applied locally to cancer tissues to expect a therapeutic effect.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody-drug conjugate produced by the present invention can be suitably used for mammals, but more preferably for humans.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention can suitably be used as an injection, and more preferably used as an aqueous injection or a lyophilization injection. Even more preferably, it can be used as a lyophilised injection.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention is an aqueous injection, it can be suitably administered intravenously by dilution after dilution with an appropriate diluent.
- an appropriate diluent glucose solution (preferably 5% glucose solution), physiological saline, etc. can be mentioned.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention is a lyophilised injection, preferably after dissolving with water for injection, the necessary amount is diluted with an appropriate dilution solution and then intravenously Can be administered by infusion.
- an appropriate dilution solution preferably glucose solution, physiological saline, etc. can be mentioned.
- Routes of introduction that can be used to administer a pharmaceutical composition comprising an antibody-drug conjugate prepared according to the invention include, for example, intravenous, intradermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular and intraperitoneal routes And preferably include intravenous routes.
- the antibody-drug conjugates produced according to the present invention can be administered to humans at intervals of once every 1 to 180 days, preferably one week, two weeks, three weeks or four weeks Can be administered at intervals of one hour, and even more preferably, once every three weeks.
- the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention can be administered at a dose of about 0.001 to 100 mg / kg per dose, preferably, 0.8 to 12.4 mg per dose. It can be administered at a dose of / kg.
- the antibody-drug conjugate prepared according to the present invention is an anti-HER2 antibody-drug conjugate, it is preferably administered at a dose of 5.4, 6.4 or 7.4 mg / kg per dose. Even more preferably, it can be administered at a dose of 5.4 mg / kg or 6.4 mg / kg per dose.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention can be used for the treatment of cancer, preferably breast cancer, stomach cancer (sometimes called gastric adenocarcinoma), large intestine Cancer (sometimes called colorectal cancer, including colon cancer and rectum cancer), lung cancer (including small cell lung cancer and non-small cell lung cancer), esophagus cancer, salivary gland cancer, gastroesophageal junction Adenocarcinoma, bile duct cancer, Paget's disease, pancreatic cancer, ovarian cancer, uterine carcinosarcoma, urothelial cancer, prostate cancer, bladder cancer, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, gastrointestinal stromal tumor, Cervical cancer, squamous cell carcinoma, peritoneal cancer, liver cancer, hepatocellular carcinoma, colon cancer, rectal cancer, endometrial cancer, uterine cancer, renal cancer, vulval cancer, Thyroid cancer, penile cancer, leukemia, malignant lymphoma, plasmacytoma,
- compositions comprising the antibody-drug conjugates produced according to the present invention can be selected and used as medicaments for drug therapy, which is a major treatment for cancer treatment, as a result of which cancer It can slow down cell growth, reduce proliferation, and even destroy cancer cells.
- drug therapy is a major treatment for cancer treatment, as a result of which cancer It can slow down cell growth, reduce proliferation, and even destroy cancer cells.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention can also be used in combination with other therapies in adjuvant therapy, surgery It can be combined with radiation therapy, hormonal therapy, etc. Furthermore, it can also be used as a drug therapy in neoadjuvant therapy.
- the pharmaceutical composition containing the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention is also expected to have a preventive effect such as suppressing the growth of fine metastatic cancer cells and further destroying it.
- a preventive effect such as suppressing the growth of fine metastatic cancer cells and further destroying it.
- Can the effect of suppressing and destroying cancer cells in body fluid in a metastasis process, and suppressing and destroying minute cancer cells immediately after implantation in any tissue can be expected. Therefore, suppression and prevention of cancer metastasis can be expected particularly after surgical removal of cancer.
- the pharmaceutical composition comprising the antibody-drug conjugate produced according to the present invention can also be administered in combination with other cancer therapeutic agents, which can enhance the antitumor effect.
- cancer therapeutic agents used for such purpose include 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), pertuzumab (Pertuzumab), trastuzumab (Trastuzumab), paclitaxel (Paclitaxel), carboplatin (Carboplatin), cisplatin (Cisplatin), Gemcitabine (Gemcitabine), Capecitabine (Capecitabine), Irinotecan (IPT), Docetaxel (Docetaxel), Pemetrexed (Pemetrexed), Sorafenib (Sorafenib), Vinblastine (Vinblastin), Vinorellibel Tanespimycin (Tan spimycin), bevacizumab (Bevacizumab), oxaliplatin (Oxaliplatin), lapatinib (Lapatinib),
- the organic layer was then washed with water (50 mL), 6.5 wt% aqueous sodium bicarbonate (50 mL), 5 wt% aqueous sodium sulfite (50 mL).
- Water (50 mL) and activated carbon (1.0 g) were added to the obtained aqueous layer, and after stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, the insolubles were separated by filtration and the insolubles were washed with toluene (20 mL). After removing the aqueous layer from the filtrate, the organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- a suspension of 1-bromo-3-fluoro-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzene in ethyl acetate solution (about 30 mL) with 1% platinum carbon catalyst (2.0 g) and ethyl acetate (120 mL) added is replaced with nitrogen And then replaced with hydrogen.
- the mixture was stirred at about 60 ° C. for 4 hours under a hydrogen stream (0.1 MPa) and cooled to room temperature.
- the insoluble matter was separated by filtration from the obtained suspension, and the insoluble matter was washed with ethyl acetate (30 mL).
- the filtrate was washed twice with 0.5 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (100 mL) to obtain an organic layer.
- the aqueous layer at this time was extracted with ethyl acetate (50 mL) to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layers were combined. Then, it wash
- Triethylamine (7.2 mL, 51.8 mmol), acetic anhydride (3.3 mL), to a solution of ethyl acetate (30 mL) added to an ethyl acetate solution (about 29 mL) of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-4-methylaniline 34.4 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 6 hours.
- To the resulting reaction solution was added 10 wt% saline (50 mL) to separate it, and then the aqueous layer was removed. The obtained organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure, ethyl acetate (50 mL) was added, and concentrated again under reduced pressure.
- N- (3-bromo-5-fluoro-4-methylphenyl) acetamide (30.0 g, 121.9 mmol), 3-butenoic acid (12.4 mL, 146.3 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (46.0 mL, 268.
- a solution of 2 mmol) of tetrahydrofuran (120 mL) and water (30 mL) was degassed under reduced pressure and replaced with nitrogen, and then tri (o-tolyl) phosphine (1.1 g, 3.7 mmol) was added.
- a 2% platinum carbon catalyst 1.5 g was added, replaced by nitrogen and then replaced by hydrogen.
- the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 4 hours under a hydrogen stream (0.3 MPa).
- the insoluble matter was separated by filtration from the obtained suspension, and the insoluble matter was washed with ethyl acetate (25 mL).
- Activated carbon 0.7 g was added to the filtrate, and after stirring for 1 hour at room temperature, the insolubles were separated by filtration and the insolubles were washed with ethyl acetate (25 mL).
- the filtrate was cooled to 1 ° C. and 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (50 mL) was added dropwise.
- a 2% platinum carbon catalyst (11.8 g) was added at about 20 ° C., and after replacing with nitrogen, it was replaced by hydrogen. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for 3 hours under a hydrogen stream (0.3 MPa). The insoluble matter was separated by filtration from the obtained suspension, and the insoluble matter was washed with ethyl acetate (175 mL). Activated carbon (5.3 g) was added to the filtrate, and after stirring for 2 hours at room temperature, the insolubles were filtered off and the insolubles were washed with ethyl acetate (175 mL). The filtrate was cooled to 1 ° C. and 5N aqueous sodium hydroxide solution (350 mL) was added dropwise.
- Activated carbon (4.8 g) was added, and after stirring for 30 minutes at 70 ° C., the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and the insoluble matter was washed with 20% aqueous ethanol (72 mL). After water (300 mL) was added dropwise to the filtrate at 60 ° C., it was gradually cooled to 2 ° C. and stirred for 2 hours. The precipitated crystals were collected by filtration and washed with cold 60% aqueous ethanol (120 mL).
- N, N '-(3-fluoro-4-methyl-8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,7-diyl) diacetamide (3.0 g, 10.3 mmol) and 2 N hydrochloric acid /
- a suspension of ethanol (30 mL) was stirred at 50 ° C. for 7 hours.
- Water (45 mL) was added to the resulting reaction solution and cooled to 1 ° C.
- triethylamine (8.6 mL, 61.6 mmol) at 1 ° C.
- sodium sulfite 26 mg, 0.2 mmol
- N, N '-(3-Fluoro-4-methyl-8-oxo-5,6,7,8-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,7-diyl) diacetamide (5.0 g) in 2N hydrochloric acid / ethanol (75 mL) 17.1 mmol) were added in 5 portions at room temperature and stirred at 50 ° C. for 5 hours. Water (113 mL) was added to the obtained reaction solution, and cooled to 2 ° C. After dropwise addition of triethylamine (22.5 mL, 161.4 mmol) at 2 ° C., sodium sulfite (43 mg, 0.3 mmol) was added. After stirring at 2 ° C.
- Example 6-1 N-[(9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9-hydroxy-4-methyl-10,13-dioxo-2,3,9,10,13,15-hexahydro-1H, 12H-benzo [de ] Pyrano [3 ′, 4 ′: 6,7] indolizino [1,2-b] quinolin-1-yl] acetamide
- the obtained crystals were dissolved in water (1.2 L), methanol (600 mL) and methanesulfonic acid (1.2 L), activated carbon (15 g) was added, and the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes. After adding cellulose powder (150 g) and stirring for 30 minutes, the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and the insoluble matter was washed with 50% aqueous methanesulfonic acid (600 mL) and methanol (600 mL). The filtrate was warmed to 40 ° C. and methanol (4.8 L) was added dropwise over 55 minutes. After stirring for 2 hours, the precipitated crystals were filtered, and the crystals separated by filtration were washed with methanol (1.5 L).
- the resulting crystals were suspended in ethanol (6 L), water (600 mL) and refluxed for 1.5 hours. After cooling to room temperature, the mixture was stirred for 30 minutes, the precipitated crystals were filtered, and the crystals were washed with ethanol (1.5 L). The obtained crystals are dried at 40 ° C. under reduced pressure and then conditioned in air at 40% RH for 4 days to obtain colorless crystals of methanesulfonic acid (1S, 9S) -9-ethyl-5-fluoro-9.
- the suspension was heated to 85 ° C., stirred for 11 hours, and cooled to 25 ° C. after confirming the completion of the reaction.
- the mixture was concentrated under reduced pressure to 38.5 mL, the concentrate was warmed to 40 ° C., and methanol (18 mL) was added dropwise over 15 minutes. After stirring for 6 hours, methanol (53 mL) was added dropwise over 2 hours, and after stirring for additional 2 hours, the precipitated crystals were filtered, and the crystals separated by filtration were washed with methanol (35 mL).
- the obtained crystals are dissolved in a mixture of purified water (14 mL) and methanesulfonic acid (14 mL) and heated to 37 ° C., methanol (7 mL), activated carbon (0.35 g) and filter aid (0.70 g) , Diatomaceous earth: Celpure C 1000), and vacuum nitrogen substitution was repeated 3 times (50 mbar, 3 times atmospheric pressure nitrogen substitution). After the suspension was stirred for 20 minutes, the insoluble matter was separated by filtration, and the insoluble matter was washed with a methanesulfonic acid-purified water-methanol mixture (7 mL, 7 mL, 3.5 mL) and methanol (7 mL). The filtrate was warmed to 37 ° C.
- the resulting crystals were suspended in ethanol (70 mL), water (7 mL) and stirred at 73 ° C. for 2 hours. After cooling to 25 ° C., the mixture was stirred for 2 hours, precipitated crystals were filtered, and the crystals were washed with ethanol (18 mL). The obtained crystals are dried at 40 ° C.
- a suspension of 1-iodo-3-fluoro-2-methyl-5-nitrobenzene in ethyl acetate solution (about 15 mL) with 1% platinum carbon catalyst (1.1 g) and ethyl acetate (45 mL) added is replaced with nitrogen And then replaced with hydrogen.
- the mixture was stirred at about 60 ° C. for 5 hours under a hydrogen stream (0.1 MPa) and cooled to room temperature.
- the insoluble matter was separated by filtration from the obtained suspension, and the insoluble matter was washed with ethyl acetate (15 mL).
- the filtrate was washed twice with 0.5 N aqueous hydrochloric acid (50 mL, 25 mL) to obtain an organic layer.
- the aqueous layer at this time was extracted with ethyl acetate (25 mL) to obtain an organic layer, and the organic layers were combined. Then, it wash
- Triethylamine (3.7 mL, 26.8 mmol), acetic anhydride (1.7 mL, 17.7 mmol) in a solution of ethyl acetate (25 mL) added to a solution of 3-bromo-5-fluoro-4-methylaniline in ethyl acetate was added and stirred at room temperature for 4 hours.
- To the resulting reaction solution was added 10 wt% brine (25 mL) to separate it, and then the aqueous layer was removed. The obtained organic layer was concentrated under reduced pressure.
- N- (3-iodo-5-fluoro-4-methylphenyl) acetamide (2.0 g, 6.8 mmol), 3-butenoic acid (0.7 mL, 8.2 mmol), diisopropylethylamine (2.6 mL, 15.
- a solution of 0 mmol) in tetrahydrofuran (8 mL) and water (2 mL) was degassed under reduced pressure and purged with nitrogen, and then tri (o-tolyl) phosphine (62.3 mg, 0.2 mmol) was added.
- SEQ ID NO: 1 amino acid sequence of anti-HER2 antibody heavy chain
- SEQ ID NO: 2 amino acid sequence of anti-HER2 antibody light chain
- SEQ ID NO: 3 amino acid sequence of heavy chain of anti HER3 antibody
- SEQ ID NO: 4 amino acid sequence of light chain of anti HER3 antibody
- SEQ ID NO: 5 amino acid sequence of anti-TROP2 antibody heavy chain
- SEQ ID NO: 6 amino acid sequence of anti-TROP2 antibody light chain
- SEQ ID NO: 7 amino acid sequence of anti-B7-H3 antibody heavy chain
- SEQ ID NO: 8 anti-B7-H3 antibody light chain
- SEQ ID NO: 10 amino acid sequence of anti-GPR20 antibody light chain
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Abstract
Description
すなわち、本発明は、
[1]
式(B)
式(C)
[2]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[3]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[4]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[1]に記載の製造方法。
[5]
分子内環化が、式(B)で表される化合物を無水トリフルオロ酢酸と反応させることを含む方法により行われる、[1]から[4]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[6]
分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、[5]に記載の製造方法。
[7]
分子内環化が、式(B)で表される化合物を塩化チオニルと反応させることを含む方法により行われる、[1]から[4]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[8]
分子内環化が、塩化アルミニウムの存在下で行われる、[7]に記載の製造方法。
[9]
式(J)
式(C)
[10]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[9]に記載の製造方法。
[11]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[9]に記載の製造方法。
[12]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[9]に記載の製造方法。
[13]
Yがクロロ基である、[9]から[12]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[14]
Yがトリフルオロアセトキシ基である、[9]から[12]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[15]
分子内環化が、塩化アルミニウムの存在下で行われる、[13]に記載の製造方法。
[16]
分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、[14]に記載の製造方法。
[17]
式(D)
式(E)
式(B)
式(C)
を含む、式(C)で表される化合物の製造方法。
[18]
Xがブロモ基、ヨード基、トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ基、又はアリールスルホニルオキシ基である、[17]に記載の製造方法。
[19]
Xがブロモ基である、[17]に記載の製造方法。
[20]
Xがヨード基である、[17]に記載の製造方法。
[21]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[17]から[20]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[22]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[7]から[10]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[23]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[17]から[20]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[24]
式(D)で表される化合物と3-ブテン酸をカップリングし、式(E)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、酢酸パラジウム(II)とトリ(o-トリル)ホスフィンから調製されるパラジウム錯体の存在下にて行われる、[17]から[23]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[25]
式(E)で表される化合物を塩基性水溶液に溶解し、第一の有機溶媒により分液洗浄する工程、次いで、塩基性水溶液に酸を加え、第二の有機溶媒により式(E)で表される化合物を分液抽出する工程、を含む、[17]から[24]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[26]
第一の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、[25]に記載の製造方法。
[27]
第二の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、[25]又は[26]に記載の製造方法。
[28]
塩基性水溶液が、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液である、[25]から[27]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[29]
式(E)で表される化合物を還元し、式(B)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(E)で表される化合物を溶媒中、パラジウム炭素触媒の存在下で水素と反応させる方法により行われる、[17]から[28]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[30]
式(B)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、式(C)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(B)で表される化合物を無水トリフルオロ酢酸と反応させることを含む方法により行われる、[17]から[29]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[31]
分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、[30]に記載の製造方法。
[32]
式(B)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、式(C)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(B)で表される化合物を塩化チオニルと反応させることを含む方法により行われる、[17]から[29]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[33]
分子内環化が、塩化アルミニウムの存在下で行われる、[32]に記載の製造方法。
[34]
[1]から[33]のいずれか1項に記載された方法により製造された
式(C)
式(C)で表される化合物を、
式(F)
式(G)
式(1)
式(H)
式(2)
[35]
R2がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[34]に記載の製造方法。
[36]
R2がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[34]に記載の製造方法。
[37]
R2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[34]に記載の製造方法。
[38]
式(C)で表される化合物を、式(F)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、(i)塩基の存在下で亜硝酸エステルと反応させニトロソ基を導入するステップ、次いで、(ii)ニトロソ基由来の窒素原子に保護基を導入するステップ、及び(iii)白金炭素触媒の存在下、水素で還元するステップ、を含む、[34]から[37]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[39]
式(F)で表される化合物を、式(G)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、塩酸/エタノールを含む溶媒中で行われる、[34]から[38]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[40]
式(G)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(H)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、o-クレゾールを含む溶媒中で行われる、[34]から[39]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[41]
式(H)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、メタンスルホン酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、[34]から[40]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[42]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩である、[34]から[41]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[43]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・m水和物(ここで、mは0~3個の範囲内である)である、[34]から[41]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[44]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・無水物である、[34]から[41]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[45]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・1水和物である、[34]から[41]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[46]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・2水和物である、[34]から[41]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[47]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・3水和物である、[34]から[41]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[48]
式(3)
式(4)
式(5)
式(6)
式(7)
式(8)
式(9)
式(10)
式(11)
式(1)
式(12)
式(2)
[49]
式(6)で表される化合物と3-ブテン酸をカップリングし、式(7)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、酢酸パラジウム(II)とトリ(o-トリル)ホスフィンから調製されるパラジウム錯体の存在下にて行われる、[48]に記載の製造方法。
[50]
式(7)で表される化合物を塩基性水溶液に溶解し、第一の有機溶媒により分液洗浄する工程、次いで、塩基性水溶液に酸を加え、第二の有機溶媒により式(7)で表される化合物を分液抽出する工程、を含む、[48]又は[49]に記載の製造方法。
[51]
第一の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、[50]に記載の製造方法。
[52]
第二の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、[50]又は[51]に記載の製造方法。
[53]
塩基性水溶液が、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液である、[50]から[52]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[54]
式(8)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、式(9)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(8)で表される化合物を無水トリフルオロ酢酸と反応させることを含む方法により行われる、[50]から[53]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[55]
分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、[54]に記載の製造方法。
[56]
式(9)で表される化合物を、式(10)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、(i)塩基の存在下で亜硝酸エステルと反応させニトロソ基を導入するステップ、次いで、(ii)ニトロソ基由来の窒素原子に保護基を導入するステップ、及び(iii)白金炭素触媒の存在下、水素で還元するステップ、を含む、[48]から[55]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[57]
式(10)で表される化合物を、式(11)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、塩酸/エタノールを含む溶媒中で行われる、[48]から[56]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[58]
式(11)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(12)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、o-クレゾールを含む溶媒中で行われる、[48]から[57]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[59]
式(12)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、メタンスルホン酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、[48]から[58]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[60]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩である、[48]から[59]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[61]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・m水和物(ここで、mは0~3個の範囲内である)である、[48]から[59]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[62]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・無水物である、[48]から[59]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[63]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・1水和物である、[48]から[59]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[64]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・2水和物である、[48]から[59]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[65]
式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・3水和物である、[48]から[59]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[66]
式(D)
式(E)
[67]
Xがブロモ基、ヨード基、トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ基、又はアリールスルホニルオキシ基である、[66]に記載の製造方法。
[68]
Xがブロモ基である、[66]に記載の製造方法。
[69]
Xがヨード基である、[66]に記載の製造方法。
[70]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[66]から[69]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[71]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[66]から[69]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[72]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[66]から[69]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[73]
酢酸パラジウム(II)とトリ(o-トリル)ホスフィンから調製されるパラジウム錯体の存在下にて行われる、[66]から[72]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[74]
式(E)で表される化合物を塩基性水溶液に溶解し、第一の有機溶媒により分液洗浄する工程、次いで、塩基性水溶液に酸を加え、第二の有機溶媒により式(E)で表される化合物を分液抽出する工程、を含む、[66]から[73]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[75]
第一の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、[74]に記載の製造方法。
[76]
第二の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、[74]又は[75]に記載の製造方法。
[77]
塩基性水溶液が、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液である、[74]から[76]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[78]
式(E)
式(B)
[79]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[78]に記載の製造方法。
[80]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[78]に記載の製造方法。
[81]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[78]に記載の製造方法。
[82]
式(E)で表される化合物を溶媒中、パラジウム炭素触媒の存在下で水素と反応させる方法により行われる、[78]から[81]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[83]
式(C)
(i)塩基の存在下で亜硝酸エステルと反応させニトロソ基を導入するステップ、次いで、(ii)ニトロソ基由来の窒素原子に保護基を導入するステップ、及び(iii)白金炭素触媒の存在下、水素で還元するステップを含むことにより、
式(F)
[84]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[83]に記載の製造方法。
[85]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[83]に記載の製造方法。
[86]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[83]に記載の製造方法。
[87]
R2がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[83]から[86]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[88]
R2がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[83]から[86]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[89]
R2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[83]から[86]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[90]
式(F)
式(G)
[91]
R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[90]に記載の製造方法。
[92]
R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[90]に記載の製造方法。
[93]
R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[90]に記載の製造方法。
[94]
R2がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[90]から[93]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[95]
R2がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[90]から[93]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[96]
R2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[90]から[93]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[97]
式(G)
式(1)
式(H)
[98]
R2がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[97]に記載の製造方法。
[99]
R2がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[97]に記載の製造方法。
[100]
R2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、[97]に記載の製造方法。
[101]
クロマトグラフィーを使用しないことを特徴とする、[1]から[100]のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
[102]
式(6)
[103]
式(34)
[104]
式(7)
[105]
式(8)
[106]
[34]から[65]のいずれか1項に記載された方法により製造された
式(2)
式(2)で表される化合物と、
式(13)
式(14)
[107]
[106]に記載された方法により製造された
式(14)
(i)抗体を、還元する工程、次いで、
(ii)上記方法で製造された式(14)で表される化合物を、還元された抗体と反応させる工程、
を含む、
式(15)
で示される薬物リンカーと、抗体とがチオエーテル結合によって結合した抗体-薬物コンジュゲートの製造方法。
[108]
抗体が、抗HER2抗体、抗HER3抗体、抗TROP2抗体、抗B7-H3抗体、又は抗GPR20抗体である、[107]に記載の製造方法。
[109]
抗体が、抗HER2抗体である、[108]に記載の製造方法。
[110]
抗HER2抗体が、配列番号1においてアミノ酸番号1乃至449に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖及び配列番号2においてアミノ酸番号1乃至214に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含んでなる抗体、又は、配列番号1に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖及び配列番号2に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含んでなる抗体である、[109]に記載の製造方法。
[111]
抗体-薬物コンジュゲートにおける1抗体あたりの薬物リンカーの平均結合数が7から8個の範囲である、[109]又は[110]に記載の製造方法。
[112]
抗体が、抗HER3抗体である、[108]に記載の製造方法。
[113]
抗HER3抗体が、配列番号3に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖及び配列番号4に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含んでなる抗体、又は、該抗体の重鎖カルボキシル末端のリシン残基が欠失している抗体である、[112]に記載の製造方法。
[114]
抗体-薬物コンジュゲートにおける1抗体あたりの薬物リンカーの平均結合数が7から8個の範囲である、[112]又は[113]に記載の製造方法。
[115]
抗体が、抗TROP2抗体である、[108]に記載の製造方法。
[116]
抗TROP2抗体が、配列番号5においてアミノ酸番号20乃至470に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖及び配列番号6においてアミノ酸番号21乃至234に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含んでなる抗体、又は、該抗体の重鎖カルボキシル末端のリシン残基が欠失している抗体である、[115]に記載の製造方法。
[117]
抗体-薬物コンジュゲートにおける1抗体あたりの薬物リンカーの平均結合数が3から5個の範囲である、[115]又は[116]に記載の製造方法。
[118]
抗体が、抗B7-H3抗体である、[108]に記載の製造方法。
[119]
抗B7-H3抗体が、配列番号7においてアミノ酸番号20乃至471に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖及び配列番号8においてアミノ酸番号21乃至233に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含んでなる抗体、又は、該抗体の重鎖カルボキシル末端のリシン残基が欠失している抗体である、[118]に記載の製造方法。
[120]
抗体-薬物コンジュゲートにおける1抗体あたりの薬物リンカーの平均結合数が3から5個の範囲である、[118]又は[119]に記載の製造方法。
[121]
抗体が、抗GPR20抗体である、[108]に記載の製造方法。
[122]
抗GPR20抗体が、配列番号9においてアミノ酸番号20乃至472に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる重鎖及び配列番号10においてアミノ酸番号21乃至234に記載のアミノ酸配列からなる軽鎖を含んでなる抗体、又は、該抗体の重鎖カルボキシル末端のリシン残基が欠失している抗体である、[121]に記載の製造方法。
[123]
抗体-薬物コンジュゲートにおける1抗体あたりの薬物リンカーの平均結合数が7から8個の範囲である、[121]又は[122]に記載の製造方法。
に関する。
式(15)
で示される薬物リンカーと、抗体とがチオエーテル結合によって結合した抗体-薬物コンジュゲートである。
式(16)
本発明で使用される抗体-薬物コンジュゲートは、がん細胞内に移行した後に、
式(18)
式(17)
本発明によって製造される抗体-薬物コンジュゲートは、バイスタンダー効果を有することも知られている(Ogitani Y. et al., Cancer Science (2016) 107, 1039-1046)。
このバイスタンダー効果は、本発明によって製造される抗体-薬物コンジュゲートが、標的発現がん細胞に内在化した後、遊離された式(18)で表される化合物が、標的を発現していない近傍のがん細胞に対しても抗腫瘍効果を及ぼすことにより発揮される。
本発明のエキサテカンの製造は、下記の方法に従って行うことができる。
本工程は、式(D)で表される化合物を、3-ブテン酸とカップリングすることにより、式(E)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。式(D)で表される化合物は、公知の方法を参考に製造することができる。本工程に用いられる3-ブテン酸の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、式(D)で表される化合物に対して、1~1.5当量である。
本工程は、式(E)で表される化合物を、還元することにより、式(B)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。
本工程は、式(B)で表される化合物を、分子内環化することにより、式(C)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。分子内環化は、好適には分子内Friedel-Craftsアシル化反応により、行うことができる。本工程における分子内Friedel-Craftsアシル化反応としては、反応が進行する限り方法は制限されないが、好適には、無水トリフルオロ酢酸を用いる方法、又は、塩化チオニル、塩化スルフリル、塩化オキサリル、オキシ塩化リン、三塩化リン若しくは五塩化リンを用いる方法を挙げることができ、より好適には、無水トリフルオロ酢酸、又は塩化チオニルを用いる方法を挙げることができ、更により好適には、無水トリフルオロ酢酸を用いる方法を挙げることができる。本工程で用いられる無水トリフルオロ酢酸の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、式(B)で表される化合物に対して、1~3当量である。本工程で用いられる塩化チオニルの量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、式(B)で表される化合物に対して、1~3当量である。
本工程は、式(C)で表される化合物を式(F)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、好適には(i)カルボニル基のα位をニトロソ化(又はオキシム化)するステップ、(ii)ニトロソ基(又はオキシム基)由来の窒素原子に保護基を導入するステップ、(iii)還元するステップ、により行うことができる。(ii)と(iii)は順序を入れ替えても良いし、同時に行っても良い。
(i)のステップは好適には塩基を用いる。(i)のステップで用いられる塩基としては、式(C)で表される化合物のカルボニル基のα位のニトロソ化(又はオキシム化)に適用できるものであれば特に制限はないが、好適には、カリウムtert-ブトキシドを用いることができる。(i)のステップで用いられるカリウムtert-ブトキシドの量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、式(C)で表される化合物に対して、1~1.5当量である。
(ii)のステップは、R2におけるアミノ基の保護基の種類に応じて適宜反応条件を設定することができる。R2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である場合には、(ii)のステップは、好適には、酢酸中、無水酢酸を用いることができる。
(ii)のステップと(iii)のステップの反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、0~40℃である。(ii)のステップと(iii)のステップの合計した反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、2~8時間である。
本工程は、式(F)で表される化合物の芳香族アミノ基の保護基を選択的に脱保護し、式(G)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、R1及びR2におけるアミノ基の保護基の種類に応じて適宜反応条件を設定することができる。R1及びR2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である場合には、本工程は、好適には塩酸を用いて行うことができ、より好適には、2N塩酸/エタノールを用いて行うことができる。
本工程の反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、40~60℃である。本工程の反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、2~14時間である。
本工程は、式(G)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(H)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。式(1)で表される化合物は、米国特許第4778891号等の記載を参考に製造することができるし、市販のものを用いることもできる。本工程で用いられる式(1)で表される化合物の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、式(G)で表される化合物に対して、0.8~1.2当量である。
本工程は、式(H)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。式(2)で表される化合物は、塩であってもよく、さらに水和物であってもよく、いずれも本発明における「式(2)で表される化合物」の範囲に含まれる。
本工程は、好適には酸の存在下で行うことができ、より好適にはメタンスルホン酸及び水の存在下で行うことができる。
式(2)で表される化合物は、より好適には、下記の方法に従って製造することができる。
本工程は、式(3)で表される化合物をブロモ化し、式(4)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。式(3)で表される化合物は、公知の方法により製造したもの又は市販のものを用いることができる。
本工程は、式(4)で表される化合物のニトロ基をアミノ基へ還元し、式(5)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程に用いられる還元剤は、脱ブロモ化が進行せずに、ニトロ基のみを選択的に還元できるものであればよく、好適には、水素存在下(好適には、0.05~0.2MPaの水素気流下)にて白金炭素触媒を用いることができ、より好適には、1%白金炭素触媒を用いることができる。本工程に用いられる白金炭素触媒の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、工程8で用いる式(3)で表される化合物に対して、5~40重量%である。本工程に用いられる溶媒としては、反応を阻害するものでなければ特に限定はないが、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、酢酸エチル、及び水、並びにこれらの混合溶媒を挙げることができ、好適には酢酸エチルを挙げることができる。本工程の反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、50~70℃である。本工程の反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、2~8時間である。
本工程は、式(5)で表される化合物のアミノ基をアセチル化し、式(6)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程に用いられるアセチル化剤は、例えば、無水酢酸や塩化アセチルを挙げることができ、好適には、無水酢酸を挙げることができる。本工程に用いられる無水酢酸の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、工程8で用いる式(3)で表される化合物に対して、0.5~1当量である。本工程は好適には塩基を用いることができる。該塩基としては、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、トリエチルアミンである。該塩基の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、工程8で用いる式(3)で表される化合物に対して、0.75~1.5当量である。本工程に用いられる溶媒としては、反応を阻害するものでなければ特に限定はないが、例えば、アセトニトリル、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、メタノール、エタノール、ジエチルエーテル、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、酢酸エチル、ヘキサン、ペンタン、ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、クロロベンゼン、アセトン、2-ブタノン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、1-メチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、及び水、並びにこれらの混合溶媒を挙げることができ、好適には酢酸エチルを挙げることができる。本工程の反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、10~40℃である。本工程の反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、3~12時間である。
本工程は、式(6)で表される化合物を、3-ブテン酸とカップリングすることにより、式(7)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程1に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
なお、式(7)で表される化合物には幾何異性体として、E体とZ体が存在するが、いずれも式(7)で表される化合物に包含されており、本発明の範囲に含まれる。本発明の式(7)で表される化合物は、E体とZ体の混合物であっても良く、混合物のまま次の工程に用いることができる。
本工程は、式(7)で表される化合物を、還元することにより、式(8)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。
本工程は、式(8)で表される化合物を、分子内環化することにより、式(9)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程3に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(9)で表される化合物を式(10)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程4に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(10)で表される化合物の芳香族アミノ基の保護基を選択的に脱保護し、式(11)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程5に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(11)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(12)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程6に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
なお、本工程は、反応中間体として、式(30)で表される化合物及び/又は式(31)で表される化合物を経由すると考えられる。
本工程は、式(12)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程7に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
式(2)で表される化合物は、下記の方法に従って製造することもできる。
本工程は、式(3)で表される化合物をヨード化し、式(32)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。式(3)で表される化合物は、公知の方法により製造したもの又は市販のものを用いることができる。
本工程に用いられるヨード化剤としては、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、例えば、よう素やN-ヨードスクシンイミドを挙げることができ、好適にはN-ヨードスクシンイミドを挙げることができる。本工程に用いられるN-ヨードスクシンイミドの量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、式(3)で表される化合物に対して、1~2当量である。本工程は好適には硫酸とその他の溶媒の混合溶媒中にて行うことができる。
本工程の反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、-10~10℃である。本工程の反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、1~4時間である。
本工程は、式(32)で表される化合物のニトロ基をアミノ基へ還元し、式(33)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程に用いられる還元剤は、脱ヨード化が進行せずに、ニトロ基のみを選択的に還元できるものであればよく、好適には、水素存在下(好適には、0.05~0.2MPaの水素気流下)にて白金炭素触媒を用いることができる。本工程に用いられる白金炭素触媒の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、工程18で用いる式(3)で表される化合物に対して、5~40重量%である。本工程に用いられる溶媒としては、反応を阻害するものでなければ特に限定はないが、例えば、メタノール、エタノール、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、酢酸エチル、及び水、並びにこれらの混合溶媒を挙げることができ、好適には酢酸エチルを挙げることができる。本工程の反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、50~70℃である。本工程の反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、2~8時間である。
本工程は、式(33)で表される化合物のアミノ基をアセチル化し、式(34)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程に用いられるアセチル化剤は、例えば、無水酢酸や塩化アセチルを挙げることができ、好適には、無水酢酸を挙げることができる。本工程に用いられる無水酢酸の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、工程18で用いる式(3)で表される化合物に対して、0.5~1当量である。本工程は好適には塩基を用いることができる。該塩基としては、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、トリエチルアミンである。該塩基の量は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、工程18で用いる式(3)で表される化合物に対して、0.75~1.5当量である。本工程に用いられる溶媒としては、反応を阻害するものでなければ特に限定はないが、例えば、アセトニトリル、ジクロロメタン、クロロホルム、メタノール、エタノール、ジエチルエーテル、1,2-ジメトキシエタン、テトラヒドロフラン、2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン、1,4-ジオキサン、酢酸エチル、ヘキサン、ペンタン、ヘプタン、シクロヘキサン、エチルシクロヘキサン、ベンゼン、トルエン、クロロベンゼン、アセトン、2-ブタノン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、1-メチル-2-ピロリドン、ジメチルスルホキシド、及び水、並びにこれらの混合溶媒を挙げることができ、好適には酢酸エチルを挙げることができる。本工程の反応温度は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、10~40℃である。本工程の反応時間は、反応が進行する限り制限されないが、好適には、3~12時間である。
本工程は、式(34)で表される化合物を、3-ブテン酸とカップリングすることにより、式(7)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程1に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(7)で表される化合物を、還元することにより、式(8)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。
本工程は、式(8)で表される化合物を、分子内環化することにより、式(9)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程3に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(9)で表される化合物を式(10)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程4に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(10)で表される化合物の芳香族アミノ基の保護基を選択的に脱保護し、式(11)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程5に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(11)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(12)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程16に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
本工程は、式(12)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程である。本工程は、工程7に記載の方法と同様に行うことができる。
上記の各工程の反応において、反応終了後、各工程の目的化合物は、有機化学の分野で周知の方法に従って、反応混合物から単離され得る。目的化合物は、例えば、(i)必要に応じて触媒等の不溶物を濾去し、(ii)反応混合物に水及び水と混和しない溶媒(例えば、塩化メチレン、ジエチルエーテル、酢酸エチル、又は2-メチルテトラヒドロフラン等)を加えて目的化合物を抽出し、(iii)有機層を水洗して、無水硫酸マグネシウム等の乾燥剤を用いて乾燥させ、(iv)溶媒を留去することによって得られる。得られた目的化合物は、必要に応じ、有機化学の分野で周知の方法(例えば、再結晶、再沈殿、シリカゲルカラムクロマトグラフィー、又は高速液体クロマトグラフィー等)により、さらに精製することができるが、本発明の製造方法は、好適には、クロマトグラフィーを使用せずに行うことができる。
で示される薬物リンカーと、抗体とがチオエーテル結合によって結合した抗体-薬物コンジュゲートの製造のために使用することができるが、これに限定されず、他の化学構造を有する抗体-薬物コンジュゲートの製造や、その他の用途のために使用することもできる。
抗GPR20抗体としては、例えば、h046-H4e/L7(国際公開第2018/135501号)を挙げることができる。
本発明によって製造される抗体-薬物コンジュゲートは、1種以上の薬学的に適合性の成分を含み投与され得る。薬学的に適合性の成分は、本発明によって製造される抗体-薬物コンジュゲートの投与量や投与濃度等に応じて、この分野において通常使用される製剤添加物その他から適宜選択して適用することができる。例えば、本発明によって製造される抗体-薬物コンジュゲートは、ヒスチジン緩衝剤等の緩衝剤、スクロース又はトレハロース等の賦形剤、並びにポリソルベート80又はポリソルベート20等の界面活性剤を含む医薬組成物として投与され得る。
実施例中の「1H-NMR」及び「13C-NMR」は、「核磁気共鳴スペクトル」を意味し、括弧内のCDCl3は測定溶媒である重クロロホルムを意味し、DMSO-d6は測定溶媒である重ジメチルスルホキシドを意味し、D2Oは測定溶媒である重水を意味する。内部標準物質としてTMS(テトラメチルシラン)を用いた。1H-NMRにおける多重度は、s=singlet、d=doublet、t=triplet、q=quartet、quint=quintet、m=multiplet、及びbrs=broad singletを意味する。
N-(3-ブロモ-5-フルオロ-4-メチルフェニル)アセトアミド
3-ブロモ-5-フルオロ-4-メチルアニリンの酢酸エチル溶液(約29mL)に酢酸エチル(30mL)を添加した溶液に、トリエチルアミン(7.2mL、51.8mmol)、無水酢酸(3.3mL、34.4mmol)を添加して室温で6時間撹拌した。得られた反応液に10wt%食塩水(50mL)を添加して分液後、水層を除去した。得られた有機層を減圧下、濃縮後、酢酸エチル(50mL)添加して再度減圧下、濃縮した。濃縮残渣(約30mL)に酢酸エチル(80mL)を加え、4N塩酸/酢酸エチル溶液(10.9mL、43.7mmol)を添加後、室温下で1時間撹拌した。不溶物を濾別して不溶物を酢酸エチル(40mL)で洗浄した。濾液に10wt%食塩水(40mL)を添加後、25wt%水酸化ナトリウム水溶液(5.6g)を添加してpHを約7とした。水層を除去後、有機層を減圧下、濃縮した。濃縮残渣(約30mL)にトルエン(100mL)を添加して、減圧下濃縮した濃縮残渣(約30mL)を50℃で5時間撹拌後、室温に冷却した。室温にて12時間撹拌した後、3℃まで冷却して2時間撹拌した。析出した結晶を濾取して、冷トルエン(20mL)、冷75%含水アセトニトリル(20mL)で洗浄した。得られた結晶を減圧下40℃で乾燥し、N-(3-ブロモ-5-フルオロ-4-メチルフェニル)アセトアミドを白色結晶(5.7g、収率37%)として得た。
4-[5-(アセチルアミノ)-3-フルオロ-2-メチルフェニル]ブタン酸
N-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1-イル)アセトアミド
N-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1-イル)アセトアミド
N-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1-イル)アセトアミド
N,N’-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,7-ジイル)ジアセトアミド
N,N’-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,7-ジイル)ジアセトアミド
取得した結晶(24.0g、82.1mmol)の20%含水エタノール(300mL)の懸濁液を65℃に加熱した。活性炭(4.8g)を添加して、70℃で30分間撹拌後、不溶物を濾別、不溶物を20%含水エタノール(72mL)で洗浄した。濾液に60℃で水(300mL)を滴下後、2℃まで徐冷し、2時間撹拌した。析出した結晶を濾取して、冷60%含水エタノール(120mL)で洗浄した。得られた結晶を減圧下、乾燥してN,N’-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,7-ジイル)ジアセトアミドを白色結晶(21.6g、収率52%)として得た。
N,N’-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1,7-ジイル)ジアセトアミド
N-(8-アミノ-6-フルオロ-5-メチル-1-オキソ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2-イル)アセトアミド
N-(8-アミノ-6-フルオロ-5-メチル-1-オキソ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2-イル)アセトアミド
N-[(9S)-9-エチル-5-フルオロ-9-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-10,13-ジオキソ-2,3,9,10,13,15-ヘキサヒドロ-1H,12H-ベンゾ[de]ピラノ[3’,4’:6,7]インドリジノ[1,2-b]キノリン-1-イル]アセトアミド
13C-NMR (100MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.7, 10.9, 10.9, 15.9, 22.6, 23.1, 27.7, 30.3, 44.0, 49.5, 65.2, 72.3, 96.6, 109.7, 109.9, 114.5, 118.7, 119.1, 121.4, 123.6, 123.7, 123.7, 125.3, 125.5, 126.6, 128.2, 128.9, 130.5, 136.2, 136.3, 140.4, 145.2, 147.8, 147.9, 149.9, 152.3, 155.3, 156.6, 160.3, 162.8, 169.1, 172.4.
MS(ESI)(m/z):478([M+H]+).
N-[(9S)-9-エチル-5-フルオロ-9-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-10,13-ジオキソ-2,3,9,10,13,15-ヘキサヒドロ-1H,12H-ベンゾ[de]ピラノ[3’,4’:6,7]インドリジノ[1,2-b]キノリン-1-イル]アセトアミド
N-[(2S)-8-{[(4S)-4-エチル-4-ヒドロキシ-3,10-ジオキソ-3,4,8,10-テトラヒドロ-1H-ピラノ[3,4-f]インドリジン-6-イル]アミノ}-6-フルオロ-5-メチル-1-オキソ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2-イル]アセトアミド
MS(ESI)(m/z):496.5([M+H]+).
N-[(2R)-8-{[(4S)-4-エチル-4-ヒドロキシ-3,10-ジオキソ-3,4,8,10-テトラヒドロ-1H-ピラノ[3,4-f]インドリジン-6-イル]アミノ}-6-フルオロ-5-メチル-1-オキソ-1,2,3,4-テトラヒドロナフタレン-2-イル]アセトアミド
MS(ESI)(m/z):496.6([M+H]+).
メタンスルホン酸 (1S,9S)-9-エチル-5-フルオロ-9-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-10,13-ジオキソ-2,3,9,10,13,15-ヘキサヒドロ-1H,12H-ベンゾ[de]ピラノ[3’,4’:6,7]インドリジノ[1,2-b]キノリン-1-アミニウム 2水和物
13C-NMR (125MHz,DMSO-d6)δ7.7, 10.9, 11.0, 18.5, 20.8, 24.7, 30.2, 39.5, 44.5, 49.4, 55.9, 65.2, 72.2, 95.3, 96.9, 110.1, 100.3, 119.4, 120.5, 124.6, 124.7, 127.5, 134.2, 135.2, 135.2, 144.8, 147.8, 147.9, 149.9, 152.3, 156.6, 160.6, 162.6, 172.3.
MS(ESI)(m/z):436([M+H]+).
メタンスルホン酸 (1S,9S)-9-エチル-5-フルオロ-9-ヒドロキシ-4-メチル-10,13-ジオキソ-2,3,9,10,13,15-ヘキサヒドロ-1H,12H-ベンゾ[de]ピラノ[3’,4’:6,7]インドリジノ[1,2-b]キノリン-1-アミニウム
N-(3-ヨード-5-フルオロ-4-メチルフェニル)アセトアミド
4-[5-(アセチルアミノ)-3-フルオロ-2-メチルフェニル]ブタン酸
N-(3-フルオロ-4-メチル-8-オキソ-5,6,7,8-テトラヒドロナフタレン-1-イル)アセトアミド
配列番号2:抗HER2抗体軽鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号3:抗HER3抗体の重鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号4:抗HER3抗体の軽鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号5:抗TROP2抗体重鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号6:抗TROP2抗体軽鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号7:抗B7-H3抗体重鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号8:抗B7-H3抗体軽鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号9:抗GPR20抗体重鎖のアミノ酸配列
配列番号10:抗GPR20抗体軽鎖のアミノ酸配列
Claims (67)
- R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項1に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、式(B)で表される化合物を無水トリフルオロ酢酸と反応させることを含む方法により行われる、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項5に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、式(B)で表される化合物を塩化チオニルと反応させることを含む方法により行われる、請求項1から4のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、塩化アルミニウムの存在下で行われる、請求項7に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項9に記載の製造方法。
- Yがクロロ基である、請求項9から12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- Yがトリフルオロアセトキシ基である、請求項9から12のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、塩化アルミニウムの存在下で行われる、請求項13に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項14に記載の製造方法。
- Xがブロモ基、ヨード基、トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ基、又はアリールスルホニルオキシ基である、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
- Xがブロモ基である、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
- Xがヨード基である、請求項17に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項17から20のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項17から20のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- R1がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項17から20のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(D)で表される化合物と3-ブテン酸をカップリングし、式(E)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、酢酸パラジウム(II)とトリ(o-トリル)ホスフィンから調製されるパラジウム錯体の存在下にて行われる、請求項17から23のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(E)で表される化合物を塩基性水溶液に溶解し、第一の有機溶媒により分液洗浄する工程、次いで、塩基性水溶液に酸を加え、第二の有機溶媒により式(E)で表される化合物を分液抽出する工程、を含む、請求項17から24のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 第一の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、請求項25に記載の製造方法。
- 第二の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、請求項25又は26に記載の製造方法。
- 塩基性水溶液が、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液である、請求項25から27のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(E)で表される化合物を還元し、式(B)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(E)で表される化合物を溶媒中、パラジウム炭素触媒の存在下で水素と反応させる方法により行われる、請求項17から28のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(B)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、式(C)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(B)で表される化合物を無水トリフルオロ酢酸と反応させることを含む方法により行われる、請求項17から29のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項30に記載の製造方法。
- 式(B)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、式(C)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(B)で表される化合物を塩化チオニルと反応させることを含む方法により行われる、請求項17から29のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、塩化アルミニウムの存在下で行われる、請求項32に記載の製造方法。
- 請求項1から33のいずれか1項に記載された方法により製造された
式(C)
で表される化合物を出発原料として使用することを特徴とし、
式(C)で表される化合物を、
式(F)
で表される化合物(ここで、R1は請求項1から33のいずれか1項に記載のR1と同意義を示し、R2は保護基で保護されたアミノ基を示す)へ変換する工程、次いで、式(F)で表される化合物を、
式(G)
で表される化合物(ここで、R2は前記と同意義を示す)へ変換する工程、次いで、式(G)で表される化合物と、
式(1)
で表される化合物を縮合し、
式(H)
で表される化合物(ここで、R2は前記と同意義を示す)へ変換する工程、次いで、式(H)で表される化合物を、
式(2)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程を含む、式(2)で表される化合物の製造方法。 - R2がアセチル基、メトキシアセチル基、トリフルオロアセチル基、トリクロロアセチル基、ピバロイル基、ホルミル基、又はベンゾイル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項34に記載の製造方法。
- R2がアセチル基又はトリフルオロアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項34に記載の製造方法。
- R2がアセチル基で保護されたアミノ基である、請求項34に記載の製造方法。
- 式(C)で表される化合物を、式(F)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、(i)塩基の存在下で亜硝酸エステルと反応させニトロソ基を導入するステップ、次いで、(ii)ニトロソ基由来の窒素原子に保護基を導入するステップ、及び(iii)白金炭素触媒の存在下、水素で還元するステップ、を含む、請求項34から37のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(F)で表される化合物を、式(G)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、塩酸/エタノールを含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項34から38のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(G)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(H)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、o-クレゾールを含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項34から39のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(H)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、メタンスルホン酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項34から40のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩である、請求項34から41のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・m水和物(ここで、mは0~3個の範囲内である)である、請求項34から41のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・2水和物である、請求項34から41のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(3)
で表される化合物を、
式(4)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(4)で表される化合物を、
式(5)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(5)で表される化合物を、
式(6)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(6)で表される化合物と、3-ブテン酸をカップリングし、
式(7)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(7)で表される化合物を、
式(8)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(8)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、
式(9)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(9)で表される化合物を、
式(10)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(10)で表される化合物を、
式(11)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(11)で表される化合物と、
式(1)
で表される化合物を縮合し、
式(12)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程、次いで、式(12)で表される化合物を、
式(2)
で表される化合物へ変換する工程を含む、式(2)で表される化合物の製造方法。 - 式(6)で表される化合物と3-ブテン酸をカップリングし、式(7)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、酢酸パラジウム(II)とトリ(o-トリル)ホスフィンから調製されるパラジウム錯体の存在下にて行われる、請求項45に記載の製造方法。
- 式(7)で表される化合物を塩基性水溶液に溶解し、第一の有機溶媒により分液洗浄する工程、次いで、塩基性水溶液に酸を加え、第二の有機溶媒により式(7)で表される化合物を分液抽出する工程、を含む、請求項45又は46に記載の製造方法。
- 第一の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、請求項47に記載の製造方法。
- 第二の有機溶媒が、2-メチルテトラヒドロフランである、請求項47又は48に記載の製造方法。
- 塩基性水溶液が、水酸化ナトリウム水溶液である、請求項46から49のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(8)で表される化合物を分子内環化し、式(9)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、式(8)で表される化合物を無水トリフルオロ酢酸と反応させることを含む方法により行われる、請求項45から50のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 分子内環化が、トリフルオロ酢酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項51に記載の製造方法。
- 式(9)で表される化合物を、式(10)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、(i)塩基の存在下で亜硝酸エステルと反応させニトロソ基を導入するステップ、次いで、(ii)ニトロソ基由来の窒素原子に保護基を導入するステップ、及び(iii)白金炭素触媒の存在下、水素で還元するステップ、を含む、請求項45から52のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(10)で表される化合物を、式(11)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、塩酸/エタノールを含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項45から53のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(11)で表される化合物と、式(1)で表される化合物を縮合し、式(12)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、o-クレゾールを含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項45から54のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(12)で表される化合物を、式(2)で表される化合物へ変換する工程が、メタンスルホン酸を含む溶媒中で行われる、請求項45から55のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩である、請求項45から56のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・m水和物(ここで、mは0~3個の範囲内である)である、請求項45から56のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 式(2)で表される化合物が、メタンスルホン酸塩・2水和物である、請求項45から56のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- クロマトグラフィーを使用しないことを特徴とする、請求項1から59のいずれか1項に記載の製造方法。
- 抗体が、抗HER2抗体、抗HER3抗体、抗TROP2抗体、抗B7-H3抗体、又は抗GPR20抗体である、請求項66に記載の製造方法。
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| KR1020247002890A KR102789333B1 (ko) | 2017-08-31 | 2018-08-30 | 항체-약물 콘주게이트의 신규 제조 방법 |
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