WO2018221671A1 - 電解液及び電気化学デバイス - Google Patents
電解液及び電気化学デバイス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018221671A1 WO2018221671A1 PCT/JP2018/021013 JP2018021013W WO2018221671A1 WO 2018221671 A1 WO2018221671 A1 WO 2018221671A1 JP 2018021013 W JP2018021013 W JP 2018021013W WO 2018221671 A1 WO2018221671 A1 WO 2018221671A1
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
- H01G11/58—Liquid electrolytes
- H01G11/64—Liquid electrolytes characterised by additives
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
- C07F7/121—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
- C07F7/122—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-C linkages
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- C07F7/00—Compounds containing elements of Groups 4 or 14 of the Periodic Table
- C07F7/02—Silicon compounds
- C07F7/08—Compounds having one or more C—Si linkages
- C07F7/12—Organo silicon halides
- C07F7/121—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20
- C07F7/123—Preparation or treatment not provided for in C07F7/14, C07F7/16 or C07F7/20 by reactions involving the formation of Si-halogen linkages
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- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/54—Electrolytes
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/386—Silicon or alloys based on silicon
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/38—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of elements or alloys
- H01M4/387—Tin or alloys based on tin
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/58—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy; of polyanionic structures, e.g. phosphates, silicates or borates
- H01M4/583—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
- H01M4/587—Carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx for inserting or intercalating light metals
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- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
- H01G11/06—Hybrid capacitors with one of the electrodes allowing ions to be reversibly doped thereinto, e.g. lithium ion capacitors [LIC]
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- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/028—Positive electrodes
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- H01M2300/00—Electrolytes
- H01M2300/0017—Non-aqueous electrolytes
- H01M2300/0025—Organic electrolyte
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electrolytic solution and an electrochemical device.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a non-aqueous electrolyte battery electrolyte containing a specific siloxane compound in order to improve cycle characteristics and internal resistance characteristics.
- an object of the present invention is to provide an electrolytic solution that can improve cycle characteristics of an electrochemical device. Another object of the present invention is to provide an electrochemical device having excellent cycle characteristics.
- the present inventors have found that the cycle characteristics of an electrochemical device can be improved by containing a specific compound containing a silicon atom and a sulfur atom in an electrolytic solution.
- the electrochemical device includes increasing the discharge rate characteristic and reducing the resistance inside the battery. Furthermore, it is also required to suppress an increase in volume (expansion) of the electrochemical device over time and an increase in direct current resistance (DCR: Direct Current Resistance). It has also been found by the present inventors that these characteristics of an electrochemical device can be improved by including the compound in an electrolytic solution.
- the present invention provides an electrolytic solution containing a compound represented by the following formula (1).
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group or a fluorine atom
- R 4 represents an alkylene group
- R 5 represents an organic group containing a sulfur atom.
- the number of silicon atoms in one molecule of the compound represented by formula (1) is preferably one.
- R 5 is preferably a group represented by any of the following formula (2), formula (3) or formula (4).
- R 6 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- R 7 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- R 8 represents an alkyl group, and * represents a bond.
- At least one of R 1 to R 3 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably 10% by mass or less based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- the present invention provides, as a second aspect, an electrochemical device comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and the above electrolytic solution.
- the negative electrode preferably contains a carbon material.
- the carbon material preferably contains graphite.
- the negative electrode preferably further contains a material containing at least one element of the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the electrochemical device is preferably a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery or a capacitor.
- an electrolytic solution capable of improving the cycle characteristics of an electrochemical device.
- the electrochemical device excellent in cycling characteristics can be provided.
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing evaluation results of cycle characteristics of Example 1 and Comparative Example 1.
- 6 is a graph showing evaluation results of cycle characteristics of Examples 2 to 5 and Comparative Examples 2 to 3. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the discharge rate characteristic of Example 2 and Comparative Example 2.
- 6 is a graph showing evaluation results of cycle characteristics of Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Example 4.
- 6 is a graph showing evaluation results of cycle characteristics of Examples 7 to 8 and Comparative Example 4.
- 6 is a graph showing evaluation results of cycle characteristics of Examples 9 to 10 and Comparative Example 5.
- 6 is a graph showing evaluation results of cycle characteristics of Examples 11 to 12 and Comparative Example 6. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the cycle characteristic of Example 13 and Comparative Example 7. It is a graph which shows the evaluation result of the discharge rate characteristic of Example 13 and Comparative Example 7. It is a graph which shows the measurement result of resistance of Example 13 and Comparative Example 7. 6 is a graph showing measurement results of volume change amounts of Examples 14 to 15 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9. 10 is a graph showing measurement results of discharge DCR in Examples 14 to 15 and Comparative Examples 8 to 9.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view showing an electrochemical device according to an embodiment.
- the electrochemical device is a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 includes an electrode group 2 composed of a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a bag-shaped battery exterior body 3 that houses the electrode group 2.
- a positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and a negative electrode current collecting tab 5 are provided on the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively.
- the positive electrode current collecting tab 4 and the negative electrode current collecting tab 5 protrude from the inside of the battery outer package 3 to the outside so that the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be electrically connected to the outside of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1, respectively. .
- the battery outer package 3 is filled with an electrolytic solution (not shown).
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 may be a battery (coin type, cylindrical type, laminated type, etc.) having a shape other than the so-called “laminate type” as described above.
- the battery outer package 3 may be a container formed of a laminate film, for example.
- the laminate film may be a laminate film in which a resin film such as a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) film, a metal foil such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel, and a sealant layer such as polypropylene are laminated in this order.
- PET polyethylene terephthalate
- metal foil such as aluminum, copper, and stainless steel
- sealant layer such as polypropylene
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing an embodiment of the electrode group 2 in the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 shown in FIG.
- the electrode group 2 includes a positive electrode 6, a separator 7, and a negative electrode 8 in this order.
- the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 are arranged so that the surfaces on the positive electrode mixture layer 10 side and the negative electrode mixture layer 12 side face the separator 7, respectively.
- the positive electrode 6 includes a positive electrode current collector 9 and a positive electrode mixture layer 10 provided on the positive electrode current collector 9.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is provided with a positive electrode current collector tab 4.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 is made of, for example, aluminum, titanium, stainless steel, nickel, baked carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, or the like.
- the positive electrode current collector 9 may have a surface such as aluminum or copper that has been treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver, or the like for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, conductivity, and oxidation resistance.
- the thickness of the positive electrode current collector 9 is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of electrode strength and energy density.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 contains a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder.
- the thickness of the positive electrode mixture layer 10 is, for example, 20 to 200 ⁇ m.
- the positive electrode active material may be lithium oxide, for example.
- LiNi 0.8 Co 0.15 Al 0.05 O 2 There may be.
- the positive electrode active material may be, for example, lithium phosphate.
- the lithium phosphate include lithium manganese phosphate (LiMnPO 4 ), lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO 4 ), lithium cobalt phosphate (LiCoPO 4 ), and lithium vanadium phosphate (Li 3 V 2 (PO 4 ). 3 ).
- the content of the positive electrode active material may be 80% by mass or more, 85% by mass or more, and 99% by mass or less based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer.
- the conductive agent may be a carbon black such as acetylene black or ketjen black, a carbon material such as graphite, graphene or carbon nanotube.
- the content of the conductive agent may be, for example, 0.01% by mass or more, 0.1% by mass or more, or 1% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, and is 50% by mass or less, 30% by mass. Or 15% by mass or less.
- binder examples include resins such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyethylene terephthalate, polymethyl methacrylate, polyimide, aromatic polyamide, cellulose, and nitrocellulose; SBR (styrene-butadiene rubber), NBR (acrylonitrile-butadiene rubber), fluorine rubber Rubber such as isoprene rubber, butadiene rubber, ethylene-propylene rubber; styrene / butadiene / styrene block copolymer or hydrogenated product thereof, EPDM (ethylene / propylene / diene terpolymer), styrene / ethylene / butadiene / Thermoplastic elastomers such as ethylene copolymers, styrene / isoprene / styrene block copolymers or hydrogenated products thereof; syndiotactic-1, 2-polybutadiene, polyvinyl acetate, ethylene /
- the content of the binder may be, for example, 0.1% by mass or more, 1% by mass or more, or 1.5% by mass or more based on the total amount of the positive electrode mixture layer, and is 30% by mass or less, 20% by mass. % Or less, or 10 mass% or less.
- the separator 7 is not particularly limited as long as it electrically insulates between the positive electrode 6 and the negative electrode 8 and allows ions to pass therethrough and has resistance to oxidation on the positive electrode 6 side and reduction on the negative electrode 8 side.
- Examples of the material (material) of the separator 7 include resins and inorganic substances.
- the separator 7 is preferably a porous sheet or a nonwoven fabric formed of polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene from the viewpoint of being stable with respect to the electrolytic solution and having excellent liquid retention.
- the separator 7 may be a separator in which a fibrous or particulate inorganic substance is adhered to a thin film substrate such as a nonwoven fabric, a woven fabric, or a microporous film.
- the negative electrode 8 includes a negative electrode current collector 11 and a negative electrode mixture layer 12 provided on the negative electrode current collector 11.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is provided with a negative electrode current collector tab 5.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 is made of copper, stainless steel, nickel, aluminum, titanium, baked carbon, conductive polymer, conductive glass, aluminum-cadmium alloy, or the like.
- the negative electrode current collector 11 may be one in which the surface of copper, aluminum or the like is treated with carbon, nickel, titanium, silver or the like for the purpose of improving adhesiveness, conductivity, and reduction resistance.
- the thickness of the negative electrode current collector 11 is, for example, 1 to 50 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of electrode strength and energy density.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 contains, for example, a negative electrode active material and a binder.
- the negative electrode active material is not particularly limited as long as it is a material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions.
- Examples of the negative electrode active material include carbon materials, metal composite oxides, oxides or nitrides of Group 4 elements such as tin, germanium, and silicon, lithium alone, lithium alloys such as lithium aluminum alloys, Sn, Si, and the like And metals capable of forming an alloy with lithium.
- the negative electrode active material is preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of a carbon material and a metal composite oxide from the viewpoint of safety.
- the negative electrode active material may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more.
- the shape of the negative electrode active material may be, for example, a particulate shape.
- carbon materials examples include amorphous carbon materials, natural graphite, composite carbon materials in which a film of amorphous carbon material is formed on natural graphite, artificial graphite (resin raw materials such as epoxy resins and phenol resins, or petroleum, coal, etc. And the like obtained by firing a pitch-based raw material obtained from the above.
- the metal composite oxide preferably contains one or both of titanium and lithium, and more preferably contains lithium.
- the negative electrode active material may further include a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- the material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin may be a compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon or tin alone, silicon and tin.
- the compound may be an alloy containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin.
- nickel, copper, iron, cobalt, manganese, zinc, indium, silver An alloy containing at least one selected from the group consisting of titanium, germanium, bismuth, antimony and chromium.
- the compound containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin may be an oxide, a nitride, or a carbide.
- silicon oxide such as SiO, SiO 2 , LiSiO, etc.
- silicon nitride such as Si 3 N 4 and Si 2 N 2 O
- silicon carbide such as SiC
- tin oxide such as SnO, SnO 2 and LiSnO.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 preferably contains a carbon material as a negative electrode active material, more preferably contains graphite, more preferably carbon material, silicon and tin. And a mixture with a material containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of: and particularly preferably a mixture of graphite and silicon oxide.
- the content of the material (silicon oxide) containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of silicon and tin in the mixture is 1% by mass or more, or 3% by mass or more based on the total amount of the mixture, It may be 30% by mass or less.
- the content of the negative electrode active material may be 80% by mass or more, 85% by mass or more, and 99% by mass or less based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer.
- the binder and its content may be the same as the binder and its content in the positive electrode mixture layer described above.
- the negative electrode mixture layer 12 may further contain a thickener in order to adjust the viscosity.
- the thickener is not particularly limited, but may be carboxymethyl cellulose, methyl cellulose, hydroxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, polyvinyl alcohol, oxidized starch, phosphorylated starch, casein, salts thereof, and the like.
- the thickener may be one of these alone or a mixture of two or more.
- the content of the thickener may be 0.1% by mass or more, preferably 0.2% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer. More preferably, it is 0.5% by mass or more. From the viewpoint of suppressing a decrease in battery capacity or an increase in resistance between the negative electrode active materials, the content of the thickener may be 5% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass based on the total amount of the negative electrode mixture layer. % Or less, and more preferably 2% by mass or less.
- the electrolytic solution contains a compound represented by the following formula (1), an electrolyte salt, and a nonaqueous solvent.
- R 1 to R 3 each independently represents an alkyl group or a fluorine atom
- R 4 represents an alkylene group
- R 5 represents an organic group containing a sulfur atom.
- the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 may have 1 or more carbon atoms and 3 or less carbon atoms.
- R 1 to R 3 may be a methyl group, an ethyl group, or a propyl group, and may be linear or branched. At least one of R 1 to R 3 is preferably a fluorine atom.
- Carbon number of the alkylene group represented by R 4 may be 1 or more, 2 or less, or 5 or less or 4 or less.
- the alkylene group represented by R 4 may be a methylene group, an ethylene group, a propylene group, a butylene group, or a pentylene group, and may be linear or branched.
- R 5 may be a group represented by the following formula (2) in one embodiment.
- R 6 represents an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 5 may be a group represented by the following formula (3) in another embodiment.
- R 7 represents an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- R 5 may be a group represented by the following formula (4) in other embodiments from the viewpoint of further improving the cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device.
- R 8 represents an alkyl group.
- the alkyl group may be the same as the alkyl group represented by R 1 to R 3 described above. * Indicates a bond.
- the number of silicon atoms in one molecule of the compound represented by formula (1) is one. That is, in one embodiment, the organic group represented by R 5 does not contain a silicon atom.
- the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably 0.001% by mass or more, more preferably 0.001% by mass or more, based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint of further improving the cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device. It is 005 mass% or more, More preferably, it is 0.01 mass% or more. From the same viewpoint, the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably 10% by mass or less, more preferably 7% by mass or less, and further preferably 5% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution. % Or less, particularly preferably 3% by mass or less.
- the content of the compound represented by the formula (1) is preferably 0.001 to 10% by mass, 0.001 to 7 based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution, from the viewpoint of further improving the cycle characteristics of the electrochemical device.
- the electrolyte salt may be a lithium salt, for example.
- the lithium salt include LiPF 6 , LiBF 4 , LiClO 4 , LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiCH 3 SO 3 , CF 3 SO 2 OLi, LiN (SO 2 F) 2 (Li [FSI], lithium bis fluorosulfonylimide), LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 (Li [TFSI], lithium bistrifluoromethanesulfonylimide), and LiN (SO 2 CF 2 CF 3 ) and at least one selected from the group consisting of 2 Good.
- the lithium salt preferably contains LiPF 6 from the viewpoint of further excellent solubility in a solvent, charge / discharge characteristics of a secondary battery, output characteristics, cycle characteristics, and the like.
- the concentration of the electrolyte salt is preferably 0.5 mol / L or more, more preferably 0.7 mol / L or more, and still more preferably 0.8, based on the total amount of the nonaqueous solvent. It is 8 mol / L or more, preferably 1.5 mol / L or less, more preferably 1.3 mol / L or less, and further preferably 1.2 mol / L or less.
- Nonaqueous solvents include, for example, ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, ⁇ -butyl lactone, acetonitrile, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, dimethoxymethane, tetrahydrofuran, dioxolane, methylene chloride, methyl acetate, etc. It may be.
- the non-aqueous solvent may be one kind of these or a mixture of two or more kinds, preferably a mixture of two or more kinds.
- the electrolytic solution may further contain other materials other than the compound represented by the formula (1), the electrolyte salt, and the nonaqueous solvent.
- Other materials may be, for example, nitrogen, sulfur, or a heterocyclic compound containing nitrogen and sulfur, a cyclic carboxylic acid ester, a fluorine-containing cyclic carbonate, or other compounds having an unsaturated bond in the molecule.
- the present inventors have found that the cycle characteristics are remarkably improved by applying the compound represented by the above formula (1) to the electrolytic solution. I made it.
- the present inventors infer the effects of using the compound represented by the formula (1) in the electrolyte as follows.
- the compound represented by the formula (1) forms a stable film on the positive electrode or the negative electrode. Thereby, the fall of the output characteristic resulting from the decomposition product of electrolyte solution depositing on a positive electrode or a negative electrode is suppressed. Furthermore, capacity reduction and resistance increase (including increase in direct current resistance (discharge DCR) during discharge) due to decomposition of the electrolyte salt are suppressed.
- the cycle characteristics of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 are improved. Further, since the compound represented by the formula (1) itself has a skeleton containing Si, generation of gas derived from the compound is reduced, and volume expansion when the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 is stored at high temperature is reduced. Can be suppressed.
- the manufacturing method of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 includes a first step of obtaining the positive electrode 6, a second step of obtaining the negative electrode 8, a third step of housing the electrode group 2 in the battery outer package 3, And a fourth step of injecting the electrolytic solution into the battery outer package 3.
- the positive electrode mixture is treated with a doctor blade method,
- the positive electrode 6 is obtained by coating on the positive electrode current collector 9 by a dipping method, a spray method or the like, and then volatilizing the dispersion medium.
- a compression molding step using a roll press may be provided as necessary.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 10 may be formed as a positive electrode mixture layer having a multilayer structure by performing the above-described steps from application of the positive electrode mixture to volatilization of the dispersion medium a plurality of times.
- the dispersion medium may be water, 1-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (hereinafter also referred to as NMP), and the like.
- the second step may be the same as the first step described above, and the method of forming the negative electrode mixture layer 12 on the negative electrode current collector 11 may be the same method as the first step described above. .
- the separator 7 is sandwiched between the produced positive electrode 6 and negative electrode 8, and the electrode group 2 is formed.
- the electrode group 2 is accommodated in the battery outer package 3.
- the electrolytic solution is injected into the battery outer package 3.
- the electrolytic solution can be prepared, for example, by first dissolving the electrolyte salt in a non-aqueous solvent and then dissolving other materials.
- the electrochemical device may be a capacitor. Similar to the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1 described above, the capacitor may include an electrode group including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and a separator, and a bag-shaped battery outer package that houses the electrode group. The details of each component in the capacitor may be the same as those of the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 1.
- Example 1 Lithium cobaltate (95% by mass) as a positive electrode active material, fibrous graphite (1% by mass) and acetylene black (AB) (1% by mass) as a conductive agent, and a binder (3% by mass) Were added sequentially and mixed.
- NMP as a dispersion medium was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture.
- a predetermined amount of this positive electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a positive electrode current collector. Then, after volatilizing the dispersion medium, the dispersion medium was compacted to a density of 3.6 g / cm 3 by pressing to obtain a positive electrode.
- the positive electrode cut into a 13.5 cm 2 square is sandwiched between polyethylene porous sheets (trade name: Hypore (registered trademark), manufactured by Asahi Kasei Co., Ltd., thickness 30 ⁇ m) as a separator, and further a 14.3 cm 2 square.
- the electrode group was fabricated by stacking the negative electrodes cut into pieces. This electrode group was accommodated in a container (battery exterior body) formed of an aluminum laminate film (trade name: aluminum laminate film, manufactured by Dai Nippon Printing Co., Ltd.). Subsequently, 1 mL of electrolyte solution was added in the container, the container was heat-welded, and the lithium ion secondary battery for evaluation was produced.
- 1% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) with respect to the total amount of the mixed solution in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate containing 1 mol / L LiPF 6 is represented by the following formula (5).
- the compound A to which 1% by mass (based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution) was added was used.
- Example 1 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that Compound A was not used.
- the discharge capacity after charge / discharge in the first cycle in Comparative Example 1 was taken as 1, and the relative value (discharge capacity ratio) of the discharge capacity in each cycle in Example 1 and Comparative Example 1 was determined.
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the number of cycles and the relative value of the discharge capacity.
- the discharge capacity ratio after 300 cycles in Example 1 is higher than the discharge capacity ratio after 300 cycles in Comparative Example 1, and it can be seen that Example 1 has better cycle characteristics than Comparative Example 1.
- Example 2 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that silicon oxide was further added as the negative electrode active material in Example 1 to produce a negative electrode.
- Example 2 the content of Compound A is 0.1% by mass (Example 3), 0.5% by mass (Example 4), and 3% by mass (Example 5), respectively, based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except for the change.
- Example 2 A lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that Compound A was not used in Example 2.
- Example 3 (Comparative Example 3) In Example 2, instead of Compound A, 4-fluoro-1,3-dioxolan-2-one (fluoroethylene carbonate; FEC) was added in an amount of 1% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolyte solution. Similarly, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 1 using graphite as the negative electrode active material and further applying an electrolytic solution containing 1% by mass of compound A is a comparison in which an electrolytic solution not containing compound A is applied.
- the evaluation of the cycle characteristics was good.
- FIG. 4 an implementation in which an anode active material containing graphite and silicon oxide was used, and an electrolytic solution containing 1% by mass, 0.1% by mass, 0.5% by mass, and 3% by mass of Compound A was applied.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 2 to 5 had better evaluation of cycle characteristics than the lithium ion secondary batteries of Comparative Example 2 and Comparative Example 3 to which the electrolyte solution containing no compound A was applied. Although this mechanism is not necessarily clear, since the compound A formed a stable film on the positive electrode or the negative electrode, it was possible to suppress a decrease in output characteristics due to the decomposition product of the electrolyte depositing on the positive electrode or the negative electrode. Conceivable. Further, the stable film formation suppresses side reactions such as electrolyte decomposition in the vicinity of the electrode and a decrease in capacity of the lithium ion secondary battery, and it is considered that the cycle characteristics are improved by these effects.
- Discharge capacity retention rate (%) (discharge capacity at current values 0.2C, 0.5C, 1C, 2C, 3C / discharge capacity at current value 0.2C) ⁇ 100
- the lithium ion secondary battery of Example 2 using graphite and silicon oxide as the negative electrode active material and further applying an electrolytic solution containing 1% by mass of compound A is an electrolytic solution containing no compound A. It was revealed that the discharge rate characteristics at the 3C rate after the cycle test are improved as compared with the lithium ion secondary battery of Comparative Example 2 to which is applied.
- the film formed on the positive electrode or the negative electrode by the addition of Compound A is a stable film having good ion conductivity, or Accordingly, it is considered that the decomposition of the electrolytic solution was suppressed, and further, the decomposition of LiPF 6 was suppressed by the interaction between the compound A and the lithium salt (LiPF 6 ).
- Example 6 Lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , 91% by mass) as a positive electrode active material, acetylene black (AB) (5% by mass) as a conductive agent, and binding Agents (4% by mass) were sequentially added and mixed. To the obtained mixture, NMP as a dispersion medium was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture. A predetermined amount of this positive electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a positive electrode current collector. Then, after volatilizing the dispersion medium, the dispersion medium was compacted to a density of 2.8 g / cm 3 by pressing to obtain a positive electrode.
- Lithium nickel cobalt manganate LiNi 1/3 Co 1/3 Mn 1/3 O 2 , 91% by mass
- AB acetylene black
- binding Agents 4% by mass
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the density at the time of consolidation was changed to 1.2 g / cm 3 .
- a lithium ion secondary battery for evaluation was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- As an electrolytic solution 1% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) with respect to the total amount of the mixed solution in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate containing 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 and 0.1% of the above-described compound A were added. What added 2 mass% (electrolyte whole quantity basis) was used.
- Example 7 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the content of Compound A was changed to 0.5% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- Example 6 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that the content of Compound A was changed to 1% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- Example 6 (Comparative Example 4) In Example 6, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that Compound A was not used.
- the discharge capacity after charge / discharge in the first cycle in Comparative Example 4 was set to 1, and the relative value (discharge capacity ratio) of the discharge capacity in each cycle in Examples 6 to 7 and Comparative Example 4 was determined.
- FIG. 6 shows the relationship between the number of cycles and the relative value of the discharge capacity.
- the discharge capacity ratio after 200 cycles in Examples 6 to 7 is higher than the discharge capacity ratio after 200 cycles in Comparative Example 4, and it can be seen that Examples 6 to 7 have better cycle characteristics than Comparative Example 4.
- the discharge capacity ratio after 100 cycles in Examples 7 to 8 is higher than the discharge capacity ratio after 100 cycles in Comparative Example 4, and it can be seen that Examples 7 to 8 have better cycle characteristics than Comparative Example 4.
- the cycle characteristics (discharge capacity) of the secondary battery tend to be lower than when the upper limit voltage is 4.2 V, and the cycle is performed under more severe conditions. The characteristics will be evaluated.
- a secondary battery having excellent cycle characteristics even under severe conditions can be said to have a high battery discharge capacity and a high capacity (high energy density) secondary battery.
- Example 9 In Example 6, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 6 except that vinylene carbonate (VC) was not used.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- Example 10 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 9, except that the content of Compound A was changed to 0.5% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolyte solution.
- Example 9 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 9 except that Compound A was not used.
- Example 11 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 7 except that lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2 ) was used as the positive electrode active material. did.
- lithium nickel cobalt manganate LiNi 0.5 Co 0.2 Mn 0.3 O 2
- Example 12 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the content of Compound A was changed to 1.0% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- Example 6 (Comparative Example 6) In Example 11, a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that Compound A was not used.
- Example 13 [Production of positive electrode] Lithium nickel cobalt manganate (LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , 91% by mass) as a positive electrode active material and acetylene black (AB) (5% by mass) as a conductive agent, and binding Agents (4% by mass) were sequentially added and mixed. To the obtained mixture, NMP as a dispersion medium was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture. A predetermined amount of this positive electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a positive electrode current collector. Then, after volatilizing the dispersion medium, the dispersion medium was compacted to a density of 2.8 g / cm 3 by pressing to obtain a positive electrode.
- Lithium nickel cobalt manganate LiNi 0.6 Co 0.2 Mn 0.2 O 2 , 91% by mass
- AB acetylene black
- binding Agents 4% by
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a lithium ion secondary battery for evaluation was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- As an electrolytic solution 1% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) with respect to the total amount of the mixed solution in a mixed solution of ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate containing 1 mol / L of LiPF 6 and 0.1% of the above-described compound A were added. What added 2 mass% (electrolyte whole quantity basis) was used.
- Example 7 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 13 except that Compound A was not used.
- the lithium ion secondary batteries of Examples 6 to 13 to which the electrolyte containing the predetermined amount of compound A is applied are compound The cycle characteristics were good as compared with the lithium ion secondary batteries of Comparative Examples 4 to 7 to which the electrolyte solution containing no A was applied. Although this mechanism is not necessarily clear, since compound A formed a stable film on the positive electrode, the destruction of the crystal structure of the positive electrode active material was suppressed, and the decrease in the capacity of the positive electrode was reduced, resulting in improved cycle characteristics. Conceivable.
- Example 14 [Production of positive electrode] Acetylene black (AB) (3 mass%) and a binder (2 mass%) as a conductive agent were sequentially added to and mixed with lithium nickel cobalt aluminum oxide (95 mass%) as the positive electrode active material. To the obtained mixture, NMP as a dispersion medium was added and kneaded to prepare a slurry-like positive electrode mixture. A predetermined amount of this positive electrode mixture was uniformly and uniformly applied to an aluminum foil having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m as a positive electrode current collector. Thereafter, the dispersion medium from evaporating, and compacted to a density 3.0 g / cm 3 by pressing to obtain a positive electrode.
- a negative electrode was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- a lithium ion secondary battery for evaluation was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- ethylene carbonate containing LiPF 6 of 1 mol / L in a mixed solution of dimethyl carbonate and diethyl carbonate, 1 mass and vinylene carbonate (VC) 1 wt%, of compound A described above for mixing whole solution % (Based on the total amount of the electrolyte) was used.
- VC vinylene carbonate
- Example 15 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 14, except that the content of Compound A was changed to 0.5% by mass based on the total amount of the electrolytic solution.
- Example 14 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 14 except that Compound A was not used.
- Example 14 a lithium ion secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Example 14 except that 0.5% by mass of FEC was added based on the total amount of the electrolyte instead of Compound A.
- a constant current charge of 0.2 C was performed up to the upper limit voltage of 4.2 V, and then a constant voltage charge was performed at 4.2 V (the charge termination condition was a current value of 0.02 C).
- a constant current discharge with a final voltage of 2.7 V was performed at a current value of 5 C , the current value at this time was I 0.5 C , and the voltage change 10 seconds after the start of discharge was ⁇ V 0.5 C. From the same charge / discharge, the current value of 1C was I 1C , and the voltage change ⁇ V 1C 10 seconds after the start of discharge was evaluated.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery electrochemical device
- 6 positive electrode
- 7 separator
- 8 negative electrode
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Abstract
Description
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのコバルト酸リチウム(95質量%)に、導電剤としての繊維状の黒鉛(1質量%)及びアセチレンブラック(AB)(1質量%)と、結着剤(3質量%)とを順次添加し、混合した。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としてのNMPを添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤を正極集電体としての厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に均等且つ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度3.6g/cm3まで圧密化して、正極を得た。
負極活物質としての黒鉛に、結着剤と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロースとを添加した。これらの質量比については、負極活物質:結着剤:増粘剤=98:1:1とした。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としての水を添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の負極合剤を調製した。この負極合剤を負極集電体としての厚さ10μmの圧延銅箔に均等且つ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度1.6g/cm3まで圧密化して、負極を得た。
13.5cm2の四角形に切断した正極電極を、セパレータであるポリエチレン製多孔質シート(商品名:ハイポア(登録商標)、旭化成株式会社製、厚さ30μm)で挟み、さらに14.3cm2の四角形に切断した負極を重ね合わせて電極群を作製した。この電極群を、アルミニウム製のラミネートフィルム(商品名:アルミラミネートフィルム、大日本印刷株式会社製)で形成された容器(電池外装体)に収容した。次いで、容器の中に電解液を1mL添加し、容器を熱溶着させ、評価用のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としては、1mol/LのLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートの混合溶液に、混合溶液全量に対してビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%と、下記式(5)で表される化合物Aを1質量%(電解液全量基準)添加したものを使用した。
実施例1において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
作製したリチウムイオン電池について、以下に示す方法で初回充放電を実施した。まず、25℃の環境下において0.1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。その後、0.1Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行った。この充放電サイクルを3回繰り返した(電流値の単位として用いた「C」とは、「電流値(A)/電池容量(Ah)」を意味する。)。
初回充放電後に、充放電を繰り返すサイクル試験によって、実施例1及び比較例1の各二次電池のサイクル特性を評価した。充電パターンとしては、45℃の環境下で、実施例1及び比較例1の二次電池を0.5Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.05Cとした。放電については、1Cで定電流放電を2.5Vまで行い、放電容量を求めた。この一連の充放電を300サイクル繰返し、充放電の度に放電容量を測定した。比較例1における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例1及び比較例1における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図3に示す。実施例1における300サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例1における300サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例1が比較例1に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。
実施例1において、負極活物質として更にケイ素酸化物を加え、負極を作製した以外は実施例1と同様にして、リチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。負極における負極活物質、結着剤及び増粘剤の質量比は、黒鉛:ケイ素酸化物:結着剤:増粘剤=92:5:1.5:1.5とした。
実施例2において、化合物Aの含有量を、電解液全量基準で、それぞれ0.1質量%(実施例3)、0.5質量%(実施例4)及び3質量%(実施例5)に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例2において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例2と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例2において、化合物Aに代えて、4-フルオロ-1,3-ジオキソラン-2-オン(フルオロエチレンカーボネート;FEC)を電解液全量基準で1質量%添加したこと以外は、実施例2と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例1及び比較例1における方法と同様の方法により、実施例2~5及び比較例2~3の各二次電池の初回充放電を実施した。
実施例2~5及び比較例2~3の各二次電池について、充放電の繰返し数(サイクル数)を200回とした以外は、実施例1及び比較例1における評価方法と同様の方法によりサイクル特性を評価した。比較例2における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例2~5及び比較例2~3における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図4に示す。実施例2~5における200サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例2~3における200サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例2~5が比較例2~3に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。
実施例2及び比較例2の各二次電池について、サイクル特性評価後のリチウムイオン二次電池の出力特性を、以下に示す方法で評価した。0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。その後、0.2Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行い、この放電時の容量を電流値0.2Cにおける放電容量とした。次に、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った後(充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。)、0.5Cの電流値で終止電圧2.5Vの定電流放電を行い、この放電時の容量を電流値0.5Cにおける放電容量とした。同様の充放電から1C、2C、3Cの放電容量を評価した。以下の式により出力特性を算出した。実施例2及び比較例2の評価結果を図5に示す。
放電容量維持率(%)=(電流値0.2C、0.5C、1C、2C、3Cにおける放電容量/電流値0.2Cにおける放電容量)×100
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2、91質量%)に、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)(5質量%)と、結着剤(4質量%)とを順次添加し、混合した。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としてのNMPを添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤を正極集電体としての厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に均等且つ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度2.8g/cm3まで圧密化して、正極を得た。
圧密化する際の密度を1.2g/cm3に変更した以外は、実施例1と同様の方法により負極を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法により、評価用のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としては、1mol/LのLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートの混合溶液に、混合溶液全量に対してビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%と、上述した化合物Aを0.2質量%(電解液全量基準)添加したものを使用した。
実施例6において、化合物Aの含有量を、電解液全量基準で0.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例6において、化合物Aの含有量を、電解液全量基準で1質量%に変更した以外は、実施例6と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例6において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
定電流放電の終止電圧を2.7Vとした以外は、実施例1及び比較例1における方法と同様の方法により、実施例6~8及び比較例4の各二次電池の初回充放電を実施した。
初回充放電後に、充放電を繰り返すサイクル試験によって、実施例6~7及び比較例4の各二次電池のサイクル特性を評価した。充電パターンとしては、50℃の環境下で、実施例6~7及び比較例4の二次電池を1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。放電については、1Cで定電流放電を2.7Vまで行い、放電容量を求めた。この一連の充放電を200サイクル繰返し、充放電の度に放電容量を測定した。比較例4における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例6~7及び比較例4における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図6に示す。実施例6~7における200サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例4における200サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例6~7が比較例4に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。
実施例7~8及び比較例4の各二次電池について、上限電圧を4.3Vとし、充放電の繰返し数(サイクル数)を100回とした以外は、上限電圧を4.2Vとしたときの評価方法と同様の方法によりサイクル特性を評価した。比較例4における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例7~8及び比較例4における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図7に示す。実施例7~8における100サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例4における100サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例7~8が比較例4に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。なお、一般に、上限電圧が4.3Vである場合、上限電圧が4.2Vである場合に比べて、二次電池のサイクル特性(放電容量)が低下しやすい傾向にあり、より厳しい条件でサイクル特性を評価することになる。厳しい条件下でもサイクル特性が優れている二次電池は、電池の放電容量が高く、高容量(高エネルギー密度)の二次電池ということができる。
実施例6において、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を使用しなかった以外は、実施例6と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例9において、化合物Aの含有量を、電解液全量基準で0.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例9と同様の方法によりリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例9において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例9と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例6~8及び比較例4における方法と同様の方法により、実施例9~10及び比較例5の各二次電池の初回充放電を実施した。
実施例9~10及び比較例5の各二次電池について、充放電の繰返し数を400回とした以外は、実施例6~7及び比較例4における評価方法(上限電圧を4.2Vとしたときの評価方法)と同様の方法によりサイクル特性を評価した。比較例5における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例9~10及び比較例5における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図8に示す。実施例9~10における400サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例5における400サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例9~10が比較例5に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。
実施例7において、正極活物質としてニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2)を使用した以外は、実施例7と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例11において、化合物Aの含有量を、電解液全量基準で1.0質量%に変更した以外は、実施例11と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例11において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例11と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例6~8及び比較例4における方法と同様の方法により、実施例11~12及び比較例6の各二次電池の初回充放電を実施した。
実施例11~12及び比較例6の各二次電池について、充放電の繰返し数を300回とした以外は、実施例6~7及び比較例4における評価方法と同様の方法によりサイクル特性を評価した。比較例6における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例11~12及び比較例6における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図9に示す。実施例11~12における300サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例6における300サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例11~12が比較例6に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのニッケルコバルトマンガン酸リチウム(LiNi0.6Co0.2Mn0.2O2、91質量%)に、導電剤としてのアセチレンブラック(AB)(5質量%)と、結着剤(4質量%)とを順次添加し、混合した。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としてのNMPを添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤を正極集電体としての厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に均等且つ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度2.8g/cm3まで圧密化して、正極を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法により負極を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法により、評価用のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としては、1mol/LのLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートの混合溶液に、混合溶液全量に対してビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%と、上述した化合物Aを0.2質量%(電解液全量基準)添加したものを使用した。
実施例13において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例13と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例6~8及び比較例4における方法と同様の方法により、実施例13及び比較例7の各二次電池の初回充放電を実施した。
実施例13及び比較例7の各二次電池について、実施例6~7及び比較例4における評価方法と同様の方法によりサイクル特性を評価した。比較例7における1サイクル目の充放電後の放電容量を1として、実施例13及び比較例7における各サイクルでの放電容量の相対値(放電容量比率)を求めた。サイクル数と放電容量の相対値との関係を、図10に示す。実施例13における200サイクル後の放電容量比率は、比較例7における200サイクル後の放電容量比率よりも高く、実施例13が比較例7に比べてサイクル特性に優れることが分かる。
実施例13及び比較例7の各二次電池について、実施例2及び比較例2と同様の方法により放電レート特性を評価した。評価結果を図11に示す。
初回充放電後に、実施例13及び比較例7のリチウムイオン二次電池の抵抗を交流インピーダンス測定にて評価した。作製したリチウムイオン電池を25℃の環境下において0.1Cの電流値で定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.01Cとした。それらのリチウムイオン二次電池について、25℃の環境下で、10mVの振幅で20mHz~200kHzの周波数範囲で交流インピーダンス測定装置(1260型、Solartron社製)を用いて抵抗を測定した。測定結果を図12に示す。
[正極の作製]
正極活物質としてのニッケルコバルトアルミニウム酸リチウム(95質量%)に、導電剤としてアセチレンブラック(AB)(3質量%)と、結着剤(2質量%)とを順次添加し、混合した。得られた混合物に対し、分散媒としてのNMPを添加し、混練することによりスラリー状の正極合剤を調製した。この正極合剤を正極集電体としての厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔に均等且つ均質に所定量塗布した。その後、分散媒を揮発させてから、プレスすることにより密度3.0g/cm3まで圧密化して、正極を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法により負極を得た。
実施例1と同様の方法により、評価用のリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。電解液としては、1mol/LのLiPF6を含むエチレンカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート及びジエチルカーボネートの混合溶液に、混合溶液全量に対してビニレンカーボネート(VC)を1質量%と、上述した化合物Aを1質量%(電解液全量基準)添加したものを使用した。
実施例14において、化合物Aの含有量を、電解液全量基準で0.5質量%に変更した以外は、実施例14と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例14において、化合物Aを使用しなかった以外は、実施例14と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例14において、化合物Aに代えて、FECを電解液全量基準で0.5質量%添加したこと以外は、実施例14と同様にしてリチウムイオン二次電池を作製した。
実施例6~8及び比較例4における方法と同様の方法により、実施例14~15及び比較例8~9の各二次電池の初回充放電を実施した。
実施例14~15及び比較例8~9の各二次電池を7日間80℃で保管した。1日毎に二次電池の体積をアルキメデス法に基づく電子比重計(電子比重計MDS-300、アルファミラージュ社製)により測定し、保管前(0日目)の二次電池の体積との差をそれぞれ求めた。結果を図13に示す。
実施例14~15及び比較例8~9の各二次電池を80℃で1週間保管した。保管前後の二次電池について、放電時の直流抵抗(放電DCR)を、以下のようにして測定した。
まず、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った。充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。その後、0.2Cの電流値で終止電圧2.7Vの定電流放電を行い、このときの電流値をI0.2C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化をΔV0.2Cとした。次に、0.2Cの定電流充電を上限電圧4.2Vまで行い、続いて4.2Vで定電圧充電を行った後(充電終止条件は、電流値0.02Cとした。)、0.5Cの電流値で終止電圧2.7Vの定電流放電を行い、このときの電流値をI0.5C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化をΔV0.5Cとした。同様の充放電から1Cの電流値をI1C、放電開始10秒後の電圧変化ΔV1Cを評価した。その電流値―電圧変化の3点のプロット(I0.2C、ΔV0.2C)、(I0.5C、ΔV0.5C)、(I1C、ΔV1C)に最小二乗法を用いて一次近似直線を引き、その傾きを放電DCRの値とした。結果を図14に示す。
Claims (10)
- 前記式(1)で表される化合物1分子中のケイ素原子の数は1個である、請求項1に記載の電解液。
- 前記R1~R3の少なくとも1つはフッ素原子である、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 前記式(1)で表される化合物の含有量は、前記電解液全量を基準として10質量%以下である、請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の電解液。
- 正極と、負極と、請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の電解液と、を備える電気化学デバイス。
- 前記負極は炭素材料を含有する、請求項6に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記炭素材料は黒鉛を含有する、請求項7に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記負極は、ケイ素及びスズからなる群の少なくとも1種の元素を含む材料を更に含有する、請求項7又は8に記載の電気化学デバイス。
- 前記電気化学デバイスは、非水電解液二次電池又はキャパシタである、請求項6~9のいずれか一項に記載の電気化学デバイス。
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| US16/615,653 US11411250B2 (en) | 2017-06-01 | 2018-05-31 | Electrolytic solution and electrochemical device |
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- 2018-05-31 CN CN201880035267.0A patent/CN110710047B/zh active Active
- 2018-05-31 KR KR1020197036221A patent/KR102576486B1/ko active Active
- 2018-06-01 TW TW107118900A patent/TWI775863B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3637527A4 (en) | 2021-01-20 |
| TW201904122A (zh) | 2019-01-16 |
| KR20200012888A (ko) | 2020-02-05 |
| CN110710047B (zh) | 2023-05-02 |
| JP7131553B2 (ja) | 2022-09-06 |
| EP3637527A1 (en) | 2020-04-15 |
| US20200152398A1 (en) | 2020-05-14 |
| US11411250B2 (en) | 2022-08-09 |
| KR102576486B1 (ko) | 2023-09-07 |
| TWI775863B (zh) | 2022-09-01 |
| JPWO2018221671A1 (ja) | 2020-04-09 |
| CN110710047A (zh) | 2020-01-17 |
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