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WO2018137354A1 - 一种真空玻璃及其制备方法 - Google Patents

一种真空玻璃及其制备方法 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2018137354A1
WO2018137354A1 PCT/CN2017/103681 CN2017103681W WO2018137354A1 WO 2018137354 A1 WO2018137354 A1 WO 2018137354A1 CN 2017103681 W CN2017103681 W CN 2017103681W WO 2018137354 A1 WO2018137354 A1 WO 2018137354A1
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WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
glass
vacuum
cavity
vacuum glass
getter
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/CN2017/103681
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
连玉琦
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to RU2019126472A priority Critical patent/RU2733258C1/ru
Priority to HRP20221057TT priority patent/HRP20221057T1/hr
Priority to EP17893791.8A priority patent/EP3575273B9/en
Priority to SG11201906654WA priority patent/SG11201906654WA/en
Priority to KR1020197023510A priority patent/KR102470583B1/ko
Priority to US16/479,735 priority patent/US20200123040A1/en
Priority to JP2019540326A priority patent/JP7064498B2/ja
Priority to CA3050155A priority patent/CA3050155C/en
Priority to LTEPPCT/CN2017/103681T priority patent/LT3575273T/lt
Priority to CN201780083419.XA priority patent/CN110248907A/zh
Priority to DK17893791.8T priority patent/DK3575273T5/da
Priority to SI201731216T priority patent/SI3575273T1/sl
Publication of WO2018137354A1 publication Critical patent/WO2018137354A1/zh
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
    • C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
    • C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
    • C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • C03B23/24—Making hollow glass sheets or bricks
    • C03B23/245—Hollow glass sheets
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
    • C03B—MANUFACTURE, SHAPING, OR SUPPLEMENTARY PROCESSES
    • C03B23/00—Re-forming shaped glass
    • C03B23/20—Uniting glass pieces by fusing without substantial reshaping
    • C03B23/207—Uniting glass rods, glass tubes, or hollow glassware
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6612—Evacuated glazing units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/6617—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together one of the panes being larger than another
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/663—Elements for spacing panes
    • E06B3/66304—Discrete spacing elements, e.g. for evacuated glazing units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/677—Evacuating or filling the gap between the panes ; Equilibration of inside and outside pressure; Preventing condensation in the gap between the panes; Cleaning the gap between the panes
    • E06B3/6775—Evacuating or filling the gap during assembly
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
    • F24S10/00—Solar heat collectors using working fluids
    • F24S10/40—Solar heat collectors using working fluids in absorbing elements surrounded by transparent enclosures, e.g. evacuated solar collectors
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A—TECHNOLOGIES FOR ADAPTATION TO CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02A30/00—Adapting or protecting infrastructure or their operation
    • Y02A30/24—Structural elements or technologies for improving thermal insulation
    • Y02A30/249—Glazing, e.g. vacuum glazing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
    • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
    • Y02B80/00—Architectural or constructional elements improving the thermal performance of buildings
    • Y02B80/22—Glazing, e.g. vaccum glazing
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
    • Y02E10/44—Heat exchange systems
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
    • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
    • Y02P80/00—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications
    • Y02P80/20—Climate change mitigation technologies for sector-wide applications using renewable energy

Definitions

  • the invention belongs to the field of glass, and in particular relates to a vacuum glass and a preparation method thereof.
  • Building energy consumption accounts for a considerable proportion of total energy consumption. Building energy consumption is dominated by heating and air conditioning energy consumption, accounting for more than 50% of the total energy consumption of the building. Improve the insulation performance of buildings, such as improving the insulation performance of building doors and windows, can effectively reduce building energy consumption, and improve the comfort of living.
  • a vacuum glass known to the inventor which has the functions of heat insulation, heat insulation and/or sound insulation, and can be used in the fields of construction, energy conservation, solar energy, etc., for example, as building doors and windows, refrigeration equipment doors and windows, solar collectors, etc.
  • the vacuum glass can function as thermal insulation, energy saving, prevention of condensation and/or noise reduction.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass known to the inventors
  • FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum glass of FIG. 1.
  • the vacuum glass comprises two sheets of flat glass 101 and 102, a cavity 5 formed by two sheets of flat glass and a sealant 4, and a blocked suction port 6 for protection pumping.
  • the cap 8 of the port 6 and the support 2 between the two plates.
  • the cavity 5 is vacuumed and the support 2 is used to support the gap between the two glass sheets.
  • the preparation method of vacuum glass known by the inventors mainly includes:
  • one of the glass plates 102 is placed substantially horizontally, applying a paste sealant 4 in its edge region, and placing the support 2 in place;
  • CN1621653 discloses a vacuum glass with a suction port, which also comprises an encapsulating getter for the outer shell of the infrared absorbing material.
  • the vacuum glass includes two oppositely disposed glass sheets 101 and 102 with a support 2 between the glass sheets 101 and 102, thereby forming a cavity 5 between the glass sheets 101 and 102.
  • the glass plate 101 has an air suction port 6, and the air suction port 6 is blocked by the sealing cap 8.
  • an encapsulating getter is placed, and the encapsulating getter is composed of a closed outer casing 31 of infrared absorbing material and a getter 3 in the closed outer casing of the infrared absorbing material. .
  • a laser generator 91 for perforating the encapsulating getter of the infrared absorbing material casing is placed outside the vacuum glass at a position of the getter, and the infrared laser beam 92 emitted from the laser generator 91 penetrates the glass plate 102.
  • the infrared absorbing material outer casing 31 is perforated to be unsealed.
  • the "encapsulated getter” disclosed in CN1621653 consists of an encapsulating layer (the outer shell of the closed infrared absorbing material) and a getter in the closed outer shell of the infrared absorbing material.
  • the inventors have found that a vacuum glass containing an encapsulating getter has a structure of a getter which is complicated in structure, high in cost, and requires a suction port to be reserved on the glass plate, and the amount of getter placed is limited by the size of the reserved groove/hole.
  • the process of vacuuming after sealing firstly causes disadvantages such as the glass edge sealing is higher than the center of the glass, resulting in uneven stress.
  • the present invention creatively provides a vacuum glass that does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating a getter, the material of which is a hermetic material.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a vacuum glass comprising:
  • vitreous body a vitreous body, a cavity surrounded by the vitreous body and a sealant, and a getter located in the cavity;
  • the cavity is airtight
  • the getter is a non-evaporable getter, and the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating a getter, and the material of the encapsulant is a gas-tight material;
  • the vacuum glass has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to 4 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction passing through the cavity (5).
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a door or window comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • a further aspect of the invention provides a greenhouse, the outer wall of the greenhouse comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides an apparatus or meter comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a solar collector comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • a solar cell comprising a photoelectric conversion module and a vacuum glass according to any of the present invention, the vacuum glass covering the photoelectric conversion module.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a vacuum glass, comprising the steps of:
  • step i) heating the product of step i) in a vacuum environment, vacuuming the cavity, welding the sealant to the glass body, and activating the getter;
  • step ii) Cooling the product of step ii) to obtain vacuum glass.
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments is better in sealing, and the degree of vacuum in the cavity is high;
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments has better thermal insulation performance and a lower thermal conductivity K value
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments has better sound insulation performance, and the sound insulation amount R w + C tr is higher;
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments has better radiation resistance
  • the getter in the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments can achieve a positive correlation with the glass area, can ensure a sufficient amount of gas to be infiltrated into the vacuum chamber during use, and the durability of the glass is better;
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments is not blocked by the suction port, avoiding the damage caused by the suction port Weak point, vulnerable point;
  • the surface of the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments has no impervious grooves or holes (dark grooves, dark holes), and the weak points and vulnerable points caused by the dark grooves and the dark holes are avoided;
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments is sealed under vacuum, the edge sealing and the glass center stress are uniform, and the product is safer and more stable;
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments uses an elastic support to avoid uneven distribution of stress between the support and the glass sheet due to height error of the support or height error of the cavity layer, or even part
  • the displacement of the support makes the product safer and more stable
  • the vacuum glass of one or more embodiments is not blocked by the suction port, and the appearance is more beautiful;
  • Vacuum glass of one or more embodiments uses a transparent inorganic substance, such as glass, as a support, and the product has a more aesthetic appearance.
  • Figure 1 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass known to the inventors
  • Figure 2 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum glass of Figure 1;
  • Figure 3 is a schematic view of a vacuum glass of CN1621653
  • Figure 4 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 1;
  • Figure 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of Figure 4.
  • Figure 6 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 2.
  • Figure 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of Figure 6;
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 3.
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of Figure 8.
  • Figure 10 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 4.
  • Figure 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of Figure 10;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 5.
  • Figure 13 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of Figure 12;
  • Figure 14 is a front view and a side view of the elastic spacer.
  • a first aspect of the invention provides a vacuum glass comprising:
  • a glass body (1) a cavity (5) surrounded by the glass body (1) and the sealant (4), and a getter (3) located in the cavity (5);
  • the cavity (5) is airtight
  • the getter (3) is a non-evaporable getter, and the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating the getter (3), and the material of the encapsulant is a gas-tight material ;
  • the vacuum glass has a thermal conductivity K value less than or equal to 4 W/(m 2 ⁇ K), for example, less than or equal to 3.9 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction passing through the cavity (5).
  • the encapsulant is used to hermetically enclose the getter therein to prevent passivation of the getter in the air, only when the getter wrapped by the encapsulant is placed in the vacuum glass In the cavity (5), after the vacuuming and sealing of the cavity (5) is completed, the airtightness of the encapsulation in the cavity (5) is broken through the vitreous body from outside the cavity (5), so that The getter, which is hermetically wrapped by the encapsulant, is exposed to the environment of the cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of the embodiment disclosed in the present application does not contain the above-mentioned encapsulant.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention does not include a sealed suction port.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has no sealed suction ports.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the sealant (4) has no sealed suction ports.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has no suction port on the vacuum glass and no sealing means for sealing the suction port.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions comprising at least 2 glass bodies (1).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions comprising at least 3 glass bodies (1).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is joined between adjacent glass bodies (1) by a sealant (4).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention comprises a layered glass body.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention comprises at least 2 layered glass bodies.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the layered glass bodies are face to face opposite each other.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the layered glass bodies are parallel to each other.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention comprises a glass tube.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention comprises a glass sheet.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the glass sheet being a flat glass sheet or a curved glass sheet.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a coating or film on at least one of the glass bodies (1).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention the surface of the glass body (1) is flat.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has no grooves on the glass body (1)
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has no dark grooves or dark holes in the glass body (1).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention is a silicate glass.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a softening point higher than 550 °C.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a softening point higher than 650 °C.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions has a softening point above 750 °C.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention is a layered cavity.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions comprising at least one cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention comprises at least 2 cavities (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the sealant (4) is welded to the glass body (1).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention comprises a sealing glass.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention comprises a PbO-ZnO-B 2 O 3 system, a Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system, Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -ZnO system, Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 system, SnO-ZnO-P 2 O 5 system, V 2 O 5 -P 2 O 5 -Sb 2 O 3 system, ZnO- One or more glasses in the B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system, ZnO-B 2 O 3 -BaO system.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a sealing temperature of less than 500 °C.
  • the sealing glass has a sealing temperature of 300 to 450 °C.
  • the sealing glass has a sealing temperature of 400 to 450 °C.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention, the getter (3) is an activated getter.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention, the getter (3) is capable of absorbing one or more gases selected from the group consisting of O 2 , N 2 , CO 2 , CO, H 2 .
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the getter (3) comprises a simple substance, an alloy, a compound or a mixture having a gettering property.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention, the getter (3) contains a zirconium element or a titanium element.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention, the getter (3) contains one or more transition metal elements.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention, the getter (3) contains one or more rare earth metal elements.
  • the getter (3) is contained in the cavity (5) in an amount of 0.1 g/cm 3 or more.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is contained in the cavity (5) in an amount of 0.5 g/cm 3 or more.
  • the getter (3) is contained in the cavity (5) in an amount of 1 g/cm 3 or more.
  • the getter (3) has an activation temperature less than or equal to a sealing temperature of the sealant (4).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention, the getter (3) can be activated at 300 to 450 °C.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention is characterized in that
  • the getter (3) can be activated by vacuum heat treatment at 300 ° C or more for 1 hour or more, or;
  • the getter (3) can be activated by vacuum treatment at 350 ° C or more for more than 0.5 hours, or;
  • the getter (3) can be activated by vacuum treatment at 400 ° C or more for 10 minutes or more.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions further comprises a support (2) for supporting the glass body (1) to maintain the shape of the cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention is located within the cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is a metallic material or a non-metallic material.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention, the support (2) is a transparent inorganic.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention, the support (2) is glass.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention, the support (2) is a glass sheet.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is a circular glass sheet, an elliptical glass sheet or a polygonal glass sheet.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention is transparent.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention in at least one direction, more than 85% of the area of the vacuum glass is transparent.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention in at least one direction, more than 90% of the area of the vacuum glass is transparent.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention in at least one direction, more than 95% of the area of the vacuum glass is transparent.
  • the thermal conductivity of the vacuum glass K is less than or equal to 3W / (m 2 ⁇ K) , e.g. Less than or equal to 2.9 W/(m 2 ⁇ K).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to 2.5 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in the direction of passing through the cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention in the direction of passing through the cavity (5), the vacuum glass has a thermal conductivity K value less than or equal to less than 2 W/(m 2 ⁇ K), for example Less than or equal to 1.9 W/(m 2 ⁇ K).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 1.8 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in the direction of passing through the cavity (5). .
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 1.6 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction through the cavity (5). For example, less than or equal to 1.5 W/(m 2 ⁇ K).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 1.4 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction through the cavity (5). .
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 1.2 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction through the cavity (5). .
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 1 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction through the cavity (5), For example, less than or equal to 0.9 W/(m 2 ⁇ K).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 0.8 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction through the cavity (5). .
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of less than or equal to less than 0.6 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in a direction through the cavity (5). .
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thermal conductivity K value of 0.5 to 1 W/(m 2 ⁇ K) in the direction of passing through the cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a sound insulation amount R w + C tr of 10 dB or more in a direction passing through the cavity ( 5 ).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a sound insulation amount R w + C tr of 20 dB or more in a direction passing through the cavity ( 5 ).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a sound insulation amount R w + Ctr of 30 dB or more in a direction passing through the cavity (5).
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a sound insulation amount R w + Ctr of 30 to 35 dB in a direction passing through the cavity (5).
  • the direction through the cavity (5) is the thickness direction of the vacuum glass.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.01 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.05 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.1 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.3 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.5 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 1 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in two mutually perpendicular directions greater than or equal to 0.01 m x 0.01 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in two mutually perpendicular directions greater than or equal to 0.1 m x 0.1 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is greater than or equal to 0.3 m x 0.3 m in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is greater than or equal to 0.5 m x 0.5 m in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention is greater than or equal to 1 m x 1 m in two mutually perpendicular directions.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions has a thickness of from 1 to 50 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the inventions has a thickness of 5 to 25 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thickness of 5 to 10 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has a thickness of less than 3 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the invention has a thickness of less than 1 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thickness of less than 0.5 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thickness of less than 0.1 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a thickness of less than 0.05 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.1 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 0.5 m.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention has a dimension in at least one direction greater than or equal to 1 m.
  • the cavity (5) has a degree of vacuum of less than or equal to 1 x 10 -4 pa.
  • the cavity (5) has a degree of vacuum of less than or equal to 1 x 10 -3 pa.
  • the cavity (5) has a degree of vacuum of less than or equal to 1 x 10 -2 Pa.
  • the cavity (5) has a degree of vacuum of less than or equal to 1 x 10 -1 Pa.
  • a second aspect of the invention provides a door or window comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • the door or window of any of the present invention is a door or window of a building, structure, a door or window of a vehicle, a door or window of a refrigeration appliance, or a door of a thermal insulation device or Door or window for windows or soundproofing.
  • Yet another aspect of the present invention provides a greenhouse (e.g., a greenhouse) comprising a vacuum glass of any of the present invention.
  • a third aspect of the invention provides an apparatus or meter comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • a fourth aspect of the invention provides a solar collector comprising the vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • a fifth aspect of the invention provides a method for preparing a vacuum glass, comprising the steps of:
  • step i) heating the product of step i) in a vacuum environment, vacuuming the cavity, welding the sealant to the glass body, and activating the getter;
  • step ii) Cooling the product of step ii) to obtain vacuum glass.
  • step i) the getter is passivated.
  • the getter surface does not contain an encapsulant, the material of the encapsulant being a gas-tight material.
  • step i) further comprises placing a support for supporting the glass body in the cavity.
  • step i) further comprises forming the sealant into a desired shape in a mold.
  • the sealant is a sealing glass.
  • the heating temperature is greater than or equal to the sealing temperature of the encapsulant.
  • the heating temperature is greater than or equal to the activation temperature of the getter.
  • the heating time is greater than or equal to the activation time of the getter.
  • step ii) in the method of any of the inventions, in step ii), the rate of temperature rise is reduced or the temperature rise is stopped when the sealing glass begins to foam.
  • the method of any of the invention, in step ii), has a heating temperature of from 300 to 600 °C.
  • the method of any of the invention, in step ii), has a heating temperature of from 400 to 500 °C.
  • the absolute pressure value of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1 x 10 -1 Pa.
  • the absolute pressure value of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1 x 10 -2 Pa.
  • the absolute pressure value of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1 x 10 -3 Pa.
  • the absolute pressure value of the vacuum environment is less than or equal to 1 x 10 -4 Pa.
  • the vacuum glass is a vacuum glass of any of the inventions.
  • the sealant is a sealing glass.
  • the glass is an inorganic melt that does not substantially crystallize upon solidification.
  • the glass is an amorphous solid having mechanical solid properties resulting from increased viscosity of the melt.
  • the glass is any of the glasses disclosed in the Handbook of Glass Materials (Wang Chengyu, Tao Wei. Glass Materials Handbook [M]. Chemical Industry Press, 2008.), for example, the book first Any of the glasses disclosed in Section 1.3 "Variety of Glass”.
  • the glass comprises a material selected from the group consisting of elemental glass, oxide glass, fluoride glass, chloride glass, bromide glass, iodide glass, chalcogenide glass, halogen chalcogenide glass, nitrate glass, sulfate One or more of glass or acetate glasses.
  • the oxide glass comprises a component selected from the group consisting of one-component oxide glass, silicate glass, borate glass, borosilicate glass, aluminate glass, alumino boride glass, phosphate glass, One of borophosphoric acid glass, aluminophosphate glass, titanate glass, titanosilicate glass, silicate glass, silicate glass, silicate glass, arsenate glass, gallate glass or A variety.
  • the glass body comprises a layer selected from the group consisting of silica, magnesia, calcium oxide, barium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, boron oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, lead oxide, Tin oxide, phosphorus oxide, cerium oxide, cerium oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, cerium oxide, cerium oxide, lead borate glass, tin phosphate glass, vanadate glass, and borosilicate glass One or more compounds.
  • the material of the glass body is the first glass and the material of the sealant is the second glass.
  • the softening point temperature of the glass body is higher than the sealing temperature of the sealing glass.
  • the softening point temperature refers to the temperature at which the glass viscosity can no longer support the glass, resulting in deformation.
  • the softening point temperature is measured in accordance with GB T 28195-2011 "Test Method for Glass Softening Point".
  • the sealing temperature also referred to as the sealing temperature, refers to the temperature at which the glass viscosity is 10 3 pa ⁇ s.
  • the softening point temperature of the glass body is higher than the sealing temperature of the sealing glass by 50 ° C or more, for example, 100 ° C or more, for example, 150 ° C or more, and further, for example, 200 ° C or more, and then, for example, 250 ° C or more, and further, for example, 300 ° C.
  • the above is further, for example, 350 ° C or higher, for example, 400 ° C or higher, and further, for example, 500 ° C or higher, and further, for example, 600 ° C or higher.
  • the glass body has a softening point temperature greater than or equal to 300 ° C, such as greater than or equal to 350 ° C, such as greater than or equal to 400 ° C, such as greater than or equal to 450 ° C, and such as greater than or equal to 500 ° C, for example, It is greater than or equal to 550 ° C, and further, for example, greater than or equal to 600 ° C, and further, for example, greater than or equal to 650 ° C, and further, for example, greater than or equal to 700 ° C, and further, for example, greater than or equal to 750 ° C.
  • the sealing glass may also be referred to as solder glass, solder glass, solder glass, sealing glass, glass solder, low melting glass frit, low melting glass or crucible frit, and the like.
  • the sealing glass is a low temperature glass or a low melting glass.
  • the sealing temperature of the sealing glass is less than or equal to 600 ° C, and further, for example, less than or equal to 550 ° C, and then, for example, less than or equal to 500 ° C, and then, for example, less than or equal to 490 ° C, and then, for example, less than or equal to 480 ° C,
  • the sealing glass is any low-melting glass disclosed in the Handbook of Glass Materials (Wang Chengyu, Tao Wei. Glass Materials Handbook [M]. Chemical Industry Press, 2008.), for example, Any of the solder glasses disclosed in Chapter 12, Section 12.4, “Solder Glass”.
  • the sealing glass comprises a non-oxide glass (eg, chalcogenide glass or fluoride glass), an oxide glass, or a hybrid glass (eg, oxysulfuric glass).
  • a non-oxide glass eg, chalcogenide glass or fluoride glass
  • an oxide glass e.g, an oxide glass
  • a hybrid glass e.g, oxysulfuric glass
  • the sealing glass comprises a borate, borosilicate or silicate glass containing lead oxide.
  • the sealing glass comprises a color selected from the group consisting of magnesium oxide, calcium oxide, barium oxide, lithium oxide, sodium oxide, potassium oxide, boron oxide, vanadium oxide, zinc oxide, barium oxide, aluminum oxide, silicon dioxide, lead oxide. , tin oxide, phosphorus oxide, antimony oxide, antimony oxide, iron oxide, copper oxide, titanium oxide, tungsten oxide, antimony oxide, antimony oxide, lead borate glass, tin phosphate glass, vanadate glass and borosilicate glass One or more compounds.
  • the sealing glass comprises a system selected from the group consisting of PbO-ZnO-B 2 O 3 , Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system, Bi 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 -ZnO system, Na 2 O-Al 2 O 3 -B 2 O 3 system, SnO-ZnO-P 2 O 5 system, V 2 O 5 -P 2 O 5 -Sb 2 O 3 system, ZnO-B 2 O 3 -SiO 2 system, One or more glasses in a ZnO-B 2 O 3 -BaO system.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the sealants does not comprise a metal.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the sealants does not comprise a metal element or alloy.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the sealants does not include an organic material such as a resin, such as an organic gum.
  • the encapsulant used to encapsulate the getter refers to a metal housing, a glass housing, or an infrared absorbing material housing.
  • the non-evaporable getter refers to a getter capable of achieving gettering characteristics without evaporating the getter.
  • the activation of the getter is such that the getter exhibits a gettering characteristic by a vacuum heat treatment.
  • the getter is a non-evaporable getter.
  • the literature “Jiang Dikui, Chen Liping. Performance characteristics and practical application problems of non-evaporable getter (NEG) [J]. Vacuum, 2004, 41 (4): 88-93" disclosed non-evaporable getter.
  • the getter contains a Zr element.
  • the getter contains a Ti element.
  • the getter contains one or more of transition metal elements.
  • the transition metal element includes, for example, Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Y, Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, La, Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, and Ac.
  • the getter contains one or more of rare earth metal elements.
  • the rare earth metal element includes, for example, lanthanum (La), cerium (Ce), praseodymium (Pr), cerium (Nd), cerium (Pm), cerium (Sm), cerium (Eu), cerium (Gd), cerium (Tb), Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Yb, Lu, (Sc) and Y (Y).
  • the getter is a Zr-type getter, such as Zr-Al type, Zr-Ni type, Zr-C type, Zr-Co-RE type (RE is a rare earth element) or Zr-V-Fe type.
  • Zr-type getter such as Zr-Al type, Zr-Ni type, Zr-C type, Zr-Co-RE type (RE is a rare earth element) or Zr-V-Fe type.
  • the getter is a Ti-based getter, such as a Ti-Mo type or a Ti-Zr-V type getter.
  • the vacuum glass of one embodiment has no suction port, and the vacuum glass without the suction port has a complete overall structure, a beautiful appearance, and good safety and stability.
  • the vacuum glass surface without the suction port is complete, and the deep processing degree is higher, and can be further processed into special glass such as laminated glass and film glass to meet the needs of different uses.
  • the suction port is also referred to as a vent, vent or vent, and the like.
  • the suction port refers to an opening that remains in the glass body or the sealing glass after the glass body is sealingly connected to the sealant (such as a sealing glass).
  • the cavity of the vacuum glass must be evacuated through the suction port, and then the suction port is blocked by the plugging object.
  • the gap between the glass bodies sealed with the sealant is not a blocked suction port.
  • JC/T 1709-2008 discloses a vacuum glass which is a glass article in which two or more sheets of glass are separated by a support, and the periphery is sealed to form a vacuum layer between the glass.
  • the vacuum glass includes a blocked exhaust port and a protective device (protective cap) attached to the vacuum glass exhaust port.
  • CN203923018U discloses a vacuum glass with a side suction port, which comprises two or more pieces of glass, a metallized layer is arranged on the glass to be sealed, and two adjacent pieces of glass are passed through a metal seal.
  • the edge material is gas-tightly sealed, and a suction port is left on the sealing portion, and a sealing member is disposed in the air suction port, and the sealing member is combined with the metallization layer to realize air-tight sealing of the air suction port.
  • the vacuum glass is different from the conventional method of disposing the air suction port on the glass surface, and the air suction port is disposed on the side of the vacuum glass, and the air suction port is reserved on the sealing tape, and is sealed by the sealing member after the air is exhausted.
  • CN104291632A discloses a suction port of a vacuum glass, characterized in that a suction port is formed on the upper glass of the vacuum glass, and a sealing ring is prepared on the lower surface of the upper glass and around the suction port, on the upper surface of the lower glass.
  • a sealing box is placed at a position corresponding to the air suction port, and the sealing ring can be inserted into the sealing box; after the upper and lower glass are sealed, metal solder is placed in the air suction port, and the air suction port is evacuated, and Heating causes the metal solder to melt into a liquid, the liquid remains in the sealed box, the sealing ring is also submerged in the liquid, and the suction port is self-sealed by the liquid sealing principle, and the liquid is cooled after cooling Solidification, achieving a hermetic seal to the suction port.
  • the vacuum glass of any one does not include the exhaust port described in JC/T 1079-2008.
  • the vacuum glass of any one does not include the suction ports described in CN203923018U, CN104291632A or CN104108862A.
  • the vacuum glass of any one of the vacuum glass is subjected to a vacuum treatment in a vacuum to complete vacuuming of the cavity, activation of the getter, and fusion of the glass body and the sealing glass.
  • the vacuum glass of any one, the material of the support is a metallic material or a non-metallic material.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention the metal material being one or more selected from the group consisting of steel, aluminum alloy, nickel, molybdenum or niobium.
  • the metallic material may be chromium, copper.
  • the vacuum glass of any of the present invention being one or more selected from the group consisting of glass, ceramics, and metal oxides.
  • the non-metallic material can be nylon, graphite, quartz glass or sapphire glass.
  • vacuum glass JC/T1079-2008.
  • the degree of vacuum is expressed by an absolute pressure value, and the degree of vacuum is high/the degree of vacuum is small, indicating that the absolute pressure value is small; the degree of vacuum is low/the degree of vacuum is large, indicating that the absolute pressure is high.
  • the sealing glass melts and softens when heated under vacuum, and generates a large amount of gas, which is a phenomenon in which bubbles are generated inside the softened sealing glass.
  • the sealing glass not only releases the gas to the outside of the cavity of the vacuum glass, but also releases the gas into the vacuum chamber of the vacuum glass.
  • the gas released from the sealing glass to the outside of the cavity will be discharged by the vacuum pump; and since the glass frit melts to form a sealed cavity, the gas released from the sealing glass to the cavity cannot be discharged, resulting in the vacuum glass sealed cavity.
  • the pressure is increased, the degree of vacuum is lowered, and the high temperature and sound insulation properties which are different from the insulating glass are lost.
  • the vacuum glass preparation method of the present invention comprises: observing the hair of the sealing glass while heating In the case of a bubble, the step of lowering the temperature increase rate or stopping the temperature rise in the initial stage of foaming. This step can avoid excessive foaming of the sealing glass to release the gas, thereby contributing to obtaining a vacuum glass of high vacuum. On the other hand, if the foaming is excessive, even if a sufficient amount of the getter is added, the vacuum glass in which the heat insulating effect is different from that of the insulating glass cannot be obtained.
  • step ii) the heating is stopped at the beginning of the foaming of the sealant (eg, sealing glass).
  • the sealant eg, sealing glass
  • the inventors have further found that in the edge-sealing stage of the vacuum glass, adding more getter into the cavity helps to obtain a vacuum glass of higher vacuum.
  • the vacuum glass according to any one of the present invention wherein the getter (3) is contained in the cavity (5) in an amount of 0.1 g/cm 3 or more, for example, 0.5 g/cm 3 or more, for example, for example 1 g/cm 3 or more, for example, 1.5 g/cm 3 or more.
  • the present invention is any one of glass volume in vacuo, the cavity (5) is about 300 ⁇ 350cm 3 (e.g. 330cm 3), the weight of the getter 600 ⁇ 700g (e.g. 640g).
  • the present invention is any one of glass volume in vacuo, the cavity (5) is about 300 ⁇ 350cm 3 (e.g. 330cm 3), the volume of the getter is 10 ⁇ 15cm 3 (e.g. 12cm 3).
  • the present invention is any one of vacuum glass, each 300 ⁇ 350cm 3 (e.g. 330cm 3) the volume of the cavity, the getter weight of 600 ⁇ 700g (e.g. 640g).
  • the present invention according to any one of the vacuum glass, ⁇ 350cm 3 (e.g. 330cm 3) per volume of the cavity 300, the volume of the getter is 10 ⁇ 15cm 3 (e.g. 12cm 3).
  • the getter mass is positively correlated with the area of the vacuum glass.
  • the getter mass is positively correlated with the length of the side of the vacuum glass sealed by the sealant.
  • the inventors have also discovered that the getter is located close to the sealant and helps to obtain a vacuum glass of higher vacuum.
  • the vacuum glass or vacuum glass of the present invention is prepared by a method in which the getter is located near the inside of the sealant.
  • the vacuum glass or vacuum glass of the present invention is prepared by a method in which the distance from the getter to the sealant is 10 cm or less, for example, 5 cm or less.
  • the vacuum glass which acts as a support for the elastic spacer, has a smaller thickness deviation.
  • the support is an elastomeric gasket, such as a stainless steel elastomeric gasket.
  • the elastomeric gasket is a resilient gasket, such as a C-type elastomeric gasket, a saddle-shaped elastic gasket or a wave-shaped elastic gasket or a disc spring washer.
  • the elastomeric gasket (eg, elastomeric gasket) is made of carbon fiber, graphite nylon (aps), steel (eg, medium carbon steel, 65Mn, SK5, SK7, stainless steel, such as SUS304 stainless steel), aluminum, copper (eg, Copper, beryllium copper, bronze) or chromium.
  • Figure 14 is a front view (left) and a side view (right) of a C-shaped elastic washer.
  • the height of the elastomeric gasket is from 0.1 to 1.0 mm, such as 0.7 mm.
  • the gas pressure in the furnace is first reduced to normal pressure, and then the furnace temperature is lowered to below 50 ° C, and a wide effective edge width, for example, 10 mm can be obtained.
  • the step iii) of the method for preparing the vacuum glass comprises: reducing the degree of vacuum and temperature in the furnace, first reducing the pressure in the furnace to a normal pressure, and then lowering the temperature of the furnace to below 50 ° C to obtain a product. .
  • the step iii) of the method for preparing the vacuum glass comprises: reducing the degree of vacuum and temperature in the furnace, and when the sealant is still semi-solid, the pressure in the furnace is reduced to a normal pressure, and then the temperature of the furnace is lowered. To the curing temperature of the sealant, the product is opened.
  • the step iii) of the method for preparing the vacuum glass comprises: reducing the degree of vacuum and temperature in the furnace, reducing the pressure in the furnace to a normal pressure after 5 to 10 minutes, and reducing the temperature of the furnace to 50 ° C after 10 to 12 hours. Below, the product is obtained by opening the furnace.
  • FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 1
  • FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of FIG. 4. as the picture shows:
  • the vacuum glass product of Example 1 comprises: two glass bodies 1, namely two low-E glass sheets 101 and 102 arranged in parallel; and the common use of low-E glass sheets 101 and 102 and sealant 4 (ie sealing glass) a synthetic cavity 5, and a support 2 and a getter 3 located in the cavity 5; the cavity 5 is airtight; the getter 3 is a non-evaporable getter, and the
  • the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating the getter 3, the material of which is a gas-tight material.
  • the vacuum glass has no suction port that is sealed.
  • the surface of the low-E glass plate coating side needs to be removed from the sealing film connection region, in this embodiment, The coating of the low-E glass plates 101 and 102 on the side of one side of the coating is removed from the vicinity of the edge 10 mm.
  • the sealant 4 is a sealing glass.
  • the JN-48 type glass powder of Beijing Beixu Electronic Glass Co., Ltd. was used, and the sealing temperature was 410-430 °C.
  • the low-E glass plate 102 is placed substantially horizontally with the side of the coating side facing upward, and paste glass powder is applied to the area near the edge of the surface, and then the paste glass powder is dried to be dried and shaped.
  • support 2 is a round glass sheet, the size is A plurality of supports 2 were placed on the surface of the coating side of the low-E glass plate 102 at intervals of 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm.
  • getter 3 is a strip getter (Liaoning Kehua Getter Material Co., Ltd., model ZV8J60Q, composition: zirconium ferrovanadium, activation condition is 400 ° C / 5 min), size is about 0.3 Mm x 10 mm x 970 mm, weight about 160 g / strip.
  • getter strips were placed on the coated side of the low-E glass plate 102, and the four getter strips were parallel to the four sides of the glass plate and located near the inside of the sealant 4.
  • the low-E glass plate 101 is stacked on the low-E glass plate 102, so that the low-E glass plates 101, 102 and the sealant 4 (sealing glass) are collectively combined into a layered cavity, low
  • the coated side surface of the -E glass plate 101 faces the layered cavity.
  • Vacuum heating package Place the stacked glass plates in a vacuum furnace and do the following:
  • FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 2
  • FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of FIG. 6. as the picture shows:
  • the vacuum glass of Example 2 comprises: three glass bodies 1, ie, low-E glass plates 101 and 102 arranged in parallel And an uncoated glass plate 103, the uncoated glass plate 103 is located between the low-E glass plates 101 and 102; and is composed of a low-E glass plate 102, an uncoated glass plate 103, and a sealant 4 (sealing glass). a cavity 5, a further cavity 5 formed by the uncoated glass plate 103, the low-E glass plate 101, and the sealant 4 (sealing glass); and the support 2 respectively located in the two cavities 5 And getter 3.
  • the cavity 5 is airtight; the getter 3 is a non-evaporable getter, and the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating the getter 3, the material of the encapsulant is Airtight material.
  • the vacuum glass has no suction port that is sealed.
  • vitreous body 1 glass plate
  • Two tempered low-E (low-emission coating) glass plates 101 and 102 were prepared, each having a size of 1 m ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 5 mm.
  • An uncoated tempered glass plate 103 having a size of 990 mm x 990 mm x 5 mm.
  • Two low-E glass sheets 101 and 102 were removed by a 10 mm wide coating around the edge region.
  • the low-E glass plate 102 is placed substantially horizontally.
  • a support is placed on the surface of one side of the coating.
  • the support is a spring ring which is bent by a 304L stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.35 mm.
  • the size of the spring ring is 0.35 mm in inner diameter, 1.05 mm in outer diameter, and 0.35 mm in height.
  • the support placement interval is 40 mm x 40 mm.
  • the uncoated tempered glass plate 103 is placed on top of the low-E glass plate 102 on which the support has been placed, centered.
  • the support was placed on the glass plate 103, and the support was laid at intervals of 40 mm x 40 mm.
  • the coated low-E glass plate 101 was placed on top of the glass 103 on which the support had been placed.
  • the glass 101 coating is placed facing the glass 103.
  • a space of 5.70 mm in height and 5 mm in width is formed on the edges of the glass sheets 101, 102, and 103, and is reserved.
  • the getter 3 is the strip-shaped zirconium-vanadium-iron getter of the Italian Seth Company, model ST2002/CTS/NI/8D Strip, activation condition: 400°C/5min.
  • the strip-shaped zirconium-vanadium iron getter has a specification of 0.3 mm ⁇ 8 mm ⁇ 970 mm and a weight of 150 g / strip. Take 8 strips of the aforementioned getter and set aside. Four strips of zirconium vanadium iron getter were placed around the glass 102 and 103, and four strips of zirconium vanadium iron getter were placed around the glass 101 and 103, respectively.
  • the outer edge of the zirconium vanadium iron getter is 5 mm from the edge of the glass plate 103.
  • the sealant 4 is a sealing glass.
  • the BDH-0118 glass powder of Beijing Beixu Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. was used, and the sealing temperature was 430 °C.
  • the above glass frit is made into a glass frit. Glass frit specifications 6mm ⁇ 8mm ⁇ 1m, 4 glass frits for use. A strip of 8 mm high glass frit was placed between the glass 101, 102.
  • Vacuum heating package Place the stacked glass plates in a vacuum furnace and do the following:
  • Figure 8 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 3
  • Figure 9 is a cross-sectional view of the vacuum glass of Figure 8 taken along the line A-A:
  • the vacuum glass product of Example 3 comprises: two glass bodies 1, namely two low-E glass plates 101 and 102 arranged in parallel, each having a size of 1 m ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 5 mm, and a spacing between the two glass plates of 0.35 mm. And a cavity 5 formed by the low-E glass plates 101 and 102 and the sealant 4 (sealing glass); and the support 2 and the getter 3 located in the cavity 5.
  • the vacuum glass of Example 3 had a through hole 7 penetrating through the entire vacuum glass.
  • the cavity 5 is airtight; the getter 3 is a non-evaporable getter, and the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating the getter 3, the material of the encapsulant is Airtight material.
  • the vacuum glass has no suction port that is sealed.
  • vitreous body 1 glass plate
  • Two tempered low-E (low-emission glass) 101 and 102 were prepared, each having a size of 1 m ⁇ 1 m ⁇ 5 mm.
  • the two corners of the two low-E glass plates each have a through hole 7 with a hole diameter of 1.8 cm (any aperture can be made as needed).
  • the coating of the two low-E glass sheets near the edge area and the coating of the area around the four through holes 7 were removed.
  • the low-E glass plate 102 is placed substantially horizontally, the side of the coating side is facing upward, and a paste-like glass powder is applied to the area near the edge of the surface and the area near the through hole 7 (Zhuhai) Caizhu Industrial Co., Ltd., type 711 glass powder, sealing temperature 400 ° C), and then dry the paste glass powder to make it dry and set.
  • the low-E glass plate 101 is stacked on the low-E glass plate 102, so that the low-E glass plates 101, 102 and the sealing glass together form a layered cavity, and the low-E glass plate 101 The coated side surface faces the layered cavity.
  • Vacuum heating package Place the stacked glass plates in a vacuum furnace and do the following:
  • FIG. 10 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 4, and FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view taken along line A-A of the vacuum glass of FIG. as the picture shows:
  • the vacuum glass product of Embodiment 4 comprises: a glass body 1, that is, two relatively low-E curved glass plates 101 and 102 arranged in parallel, having an arcuate curvature of 100 mm/1 m, consisting of two low-E curved glass plates and a sealant 4 (Sealing glass) a cavity 5 that is combined together, and a support and a getter located in the cavity 5.
  • the cavity 5 is airtight, and the bow glass of the vacuum glass is 100 mm / 1 m; the getter 3 is a non-evaporable getter, and the vacuum glass does not contain the getter 3 for encapsulation.
  • An encapsulant the material of which is an airtight material.
  • the vacuum glass has no suction port that is sealed.
  • the coating on the side of one side of the coating film near the edge portion was removed by 10 mm.
  • the sealing agent is disposed, the support is placed (the support is fixed on the glass plate by using high temperature resistant shadowless inorganic glue), and the getter is disposed (4 in the second embodiment) Strip getter strip), stacked.
  • the step parameters of the vacuum heating package are the same as those of the second embodiment, and the curved vacuum glass of the embodiment 4 is obtained;
  • Figure 12 is a perspective view of a vacuum glass of Embodiment 5
  • Figure 13 is an A-A section of the vacuum glass of Figure 12 Figure. as the picture shows:
  • the vacuum glass product of Example 5 comprises: a glass body 1, ie two sleeved glass tubes 104 and 105, the glass tube 105 is sleeved outside the glass tube 104; and the glass tube 104, 105 and the sealant 4 (sealing glass)
  • the cavity 5 that is shared together.
  • the cavity 5 is airtight; the getter 3 is a non-evaporable getter, and the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating the getter 3, the material of which is gas Closed material.
  • the vacuum glass has no suction port that is sealed.
  • glass tube Prepare two glass tubes 104 and 105. Size: glass tube 104 outer diameter 48mm, inner diameter 44mm, thickness 2mm, length 1790mm, glass tube 105 outer diameter 58mm, inner diameter 54mm, thickness 2mm, length 1800mm,.
  • the glass tubes 104 and 105 are both open ends.
  • the sealant 4 is a sealing glass.
  • the 728H glass powder of Beijing Beixu Electronic Materials Co., Ltd. was used, and the sealing temperature was about 400 °C.
  • the glass frit was made into a ring-shaped sealing glass by a mold having a size of 44 mm in inner diameter, 58 mm in outer diameter, and 5 mm in thickness.
  • the glass tubes 104 and 105 are placed upright, and the position of the glass tube is fixed by the support frame so that the openings of the glass tubes 104 and 105 are in contact with the annular sealing glass, so that the glass tubes 104, 105 and the sealing glass together form a cavity.
  • Example 1 The method of Example 1 was followed, but the support used was different from that of Example 2.
  • the support used in Example 6 is an elastic gasket: an elastic gasket formed by bending a 304L stainless steel wire having a diameter of 0.35 mm, and the size of the elastic gasket: inner diameter 0.35 mm, outer diameter 1.05 mm, height 0.70 mm, support Distribution interval is 40mm ⁇ 40mm.
  • a zirconium vanadium iron getter (having a volume of about 0.34 cm 3 , about 3 g) corresponds to about 0.0091 g of a getter placed per cm 3 of the cavity.
  • the thickness deviation was less than 0.4 mm.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 5 had a dimensional deviation of less than 3.0 mm.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 3 were less than 2% of the average length of the diagonal.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 5 had no defects such as cracks at the side portions.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 5 were not sealed with a suction port and were not capped.
  • the vacuum glass of Example 1 the support is arranged in a 30 mm ⁇ 30 mm array, without overlapping, without missing, and the cloth is placed. Qi.
  • the supports were arranged in an array of 40 mm ⁇ 40 mm, without overlapping, without missing, and laid neatly.
  • the vacuum glass of Example 5 had no support.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 5 were observed without any scratches, no blasting, no internal stains, and no cracks.
  • the vacuum glass seal joints of Examples 1 to 5 were full and flat, and the effective edge-sealing width was greater than 5 mm.
  • the vacuum glass of Examples 1 to 3 had a degree of curvature of less than 0.3% of the thickness of the glass.
  • the bending degrees of the vacuum glasses of Examples 4 and 5 were in accordance with the dimensional requirements.
  • Example 1 Example 2
  • Example 3 Example 4
  • Transparent area ratio transparent area / overall area ⁇ 100%
  • Example 5 the direction of transparency measurement was perpendicular to the thickness direction of the vacuum glass, and the direction of transparency measurement for Example 5 was perpendicular to the wall of the glass tube.
  • the vacuum glass of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was also subjected to an anti-condensation ability test. Specifically, the vacuum glass of Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was simultaneously made into two glass doors of the same refrigerator, the temperature in the refrigerator was set to -25 ° C, and the temperature outside the refrigerator was 25 ° C. When the temperature in the refrigerator reached -2 ° C, the vacuum glass of Comparative Example 2 showed condensation, and the vacuum glass of Example 1 did not condense. The refrigerator temperature was continuously lowered. When the temperature in the refrigerator reached -25 ° C for 48 hours, the vacuum glass of Example 1 did not show condensation.
  • the inspiratory dose in Example 1 was also adjusted to compare the anti-condensation ability of vacuum glass with different inspiratory doses. Specifically, the getter length in Example 1 was adjusted, and getters having a total length of 485 mm, 970 mm, 2910 mm, and 3880 mm were respectively added to prepare four vacuum glasses.
  • the above four vacuum glasses are made into four glass doors of the same freezer.
  • the temperature in the freezer is set to minus 22 ° C, and the outside temperature of the freezer is 25 ° C. When the temperature in the freezer reaches -12 ° C, the vacuum glass with the built-in 485 mm getter strip begins to condense. Continue to reduce the temperature of the freezer.
  • the vacuum glass of the 970mm, 2910mm, and 3880mm getter strips is not dew condensation, and the surface temperature of the vacuum glass toward the outside is 23.4 °C, 24 °C, 24 respectively. °C.
  • Example 2 Example 3 R w +C tr (dB) 31 32 31
  • the sound insulation performance of the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 3 is greater than 30 dB.
  • the vacuum glass showed no cracking, and the rate of change of the K value before and after the test did not exceed 3%.
  • the inventors know that the insulation performance or the sound insulation performance directly reflects the degree of vacuum of the vacuum glass.
  • insulation performance or sound insulation performance is an important indicator to measure the quality of vacuum glass.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 5 have superior thermal insulation properties and sound insulation properties, which illustrates Embodiment 1 to The vacuum glass of 5 has a higher degree of vacuum than that of Comparative Example 1, Comparative Example 2.
  • the vacuum glasses of Examples 1 to 5 have superior radiation resistance as shown by the radiation resistance test (Table 5), the climate cycle durability test (Table 6), and the high temperature and high humidity durability test (Table 7). And durability.
  • the vacuum glass does not contain an encapsulant for encapsulating the getter, which greatly simplifies the structure of the getter, reduces the cost of the getter, and simplifies the structure of the vacuum glass. , reducing the cost of vacuum glass.
  • a further advantageous effect of the above disclosed embodiments is that the thickness of the getter is very thin, so that the thickness of the cavity can be very thin, and there is no need to reserve a groove/opening for placing the getter on the glass body, keeping the vitreous body Integrity.
  • a further advantageous effect of the above disclosed embodiments is that the vacuum glass has no suction port.
  • the vacuum glass without the suction port has a beautiful appearance, a complete surface, and a higher degree of deep processing.
  • the vacuum glass of the above embodiment can continue processing It is made of special glass such as laminated glass and foil glass to meet the needs of different applications.
  • the inventors know that the getter is passivated in the air, and the activation of the getter means that the getter exhibits a gettering characteristic by a vacuum heat treatment.
  • an important function of vacuum heating is to activate the getter.
  • the inventor knows that after the vacuum glass sealing is completed, large-area and/or long-time heating of the vacuum glass may destroy the vacuum degree of the vacuum glass, and may even cause excessive internal stress of the vacuum glass due to uneven heat. And the explosion occurred.
  • the getter 3 is activated in the vacuum heating step, so that after the vacuum glass sealing is completed, it is no longer necessary to carry out the evapotranspiration/activation/deblocking of the getter, especially the high frequency heating is not required.
  • the above disclosed embodiments are capable of obtaining a vacuum glass having a higher degree of vacuum, particularly a vacuum glass having better heat insulating properties and/or sound insulating properties.
  • a glass body and/or a sealant may release a gas when heated.
  • one function of the getter 3 may be to absorb gas that may enter the cavity (5) during the preparation of the vacuum glass, especially during vacuum heating of the vacuum glass, to maintain The degree of vacuum in the cavity (5) is up to standard, which in turn makes the vacuum glass better in thermal insulation performance and/or sound insulation performance.
  • the inventors have found that in the preparation process of vacuum glass, especially in the vacuum glass heating and packaging process, 0.1 g or more, for example, 0.5 g or more, for example, 1 g or more of getter, can be effectively absorbed per cm 3 of the cavity volume. It is possible to enter the gas in the cavity (5) to maintain the degree of vacuum in the cavity (5), thereby making the vacuum glass better in thermal insulation performance and/or sound insulation performance.
  • a glass body and/or a sealant may release a certain amount of gas during use for a long period of time (for example, 1 to 50 years).
  • Another function of the getter 3 may be to continuously absorb the gas that may enter the cavity (5) during use of the vacuum glass to maintain the vacuum level in the cavity (5), thereby making the vacuum glass The durability is higher.
  • the getter is not placed in the vacuum glass through the suction port, and the size of the getter is not limited by the suction port.
  • a desired amount of getter may be placed depending on the size of the vacuum glass cavity, for example, a getter of 1 g/cm 3 or more is placed.
  • the getter in the vacuum glass of the above disclosed embodiment is a non-evaporable getter (Non Evaporable) Getters).
  • the non-evaporable getter does not need to be evaporated by high-frequency heating, and does not form a metal film on the surface of the glass body, and has little influence on the transparency of the vacuum glass.
  • the transparent area of the vacuum glass obtained is relatively high.
  • the thickness of the glass sheets used to prepare the vacuum glass may not be completely uniform, there may be some undulations, and the height of the support may not be completely uniform, and there may be some undulations. If the support is rigid, after the vacuum glass is assembled, a part of the support may not be able to support the glass on both sides due to insufficient height. These supports lose the pressing force of the glass on both sides, during use. Can not be fixed in place, displacement may occur, resulting in uneven stress in the vacuum glass, which in turn affects the aesthetics and safety of the vacuum glass.
  • the elastic support of the present invention can be elastically deformed to accommodate the space height of the unused size, thereby achieving good support for each support with the vacuum glass.
  • the support of the metal material for example, copper, aluminum, steel or chromium
  • the metal material has good heat resistance and does not lose elasticity due to heat during the vacuum glass preparation process.

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Abstract

一种真空玻璃及其制备方法。该真空玻璃包括：玻璃体，由玻璃体和密封剂共同围合成的空腔，以及位于该空腔内的吸气剂；该空腔内是气密性的；该吸气剂为非蒸散型吸气剂，且该真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂的包封物，该包封物的材料是气密性材料；在穿过空腔的方向上，该真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于4W/(m2·K)。该真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂的包封物。

Description

一种真空玻璃及其制备方法
本申请是以CN申请号为201710056845.6，申请日为2017年1月26日的申请为基础，并主张其优先权，该CN申请的公开内容在此作为整体引入本申请中。
技术领域
本发明属于玻璃领域，具体涉及一种真空玻璃及其制备方法。
背景技术
能源和环境问题是当今世界所面临的两大课题，由此带来的气候问题更是21世纪人类面临的最大挑战之一。对于以煤炭、石油等化石燃料作为主要能源的国家，能源短缺和环境污染的问题更为突出。节约能源、实现能源的高效利用是解决上述问题的有效途径。
建筑能耗在能源总消费量中所占的比例十分可观。建筑能耗中又以采暖和空调能耗为主，占到建筑总能耗的50％以上。改善建筑的保温性能，例如改善建筑门窗的保温性能，能够有效降低建筑能耗，还能提高居住的舒适度。
发明人已知的一种真空玻璃，其具有保温、隔热和/或隔声的功能，可用于建筑、节能、太阳能等领域，例如用作建筑门窗、制冷设备门窗、太阳能集热器等需要隔温或隔音的场所或设备。该真空玻璃能够起到保温隔热、节能降耗、防止结露和/或隔声降噪等作用。
图1为发明人已知的一种真空玻璃的透视图，图2为图1的真空玻璃的剖面图。如图1和2所示，这种真空玻璃包括两片平板玻璃101和102，由两片平板玻璃和密封剂4共同围合成的空腔5，被堵住的抽气口6、用于保护抽气口6的封帽8，以及位于两块玻璃板之间的支撑物2。空腔5内是真空的，支撑物2用于支撑两块玻璃板之间的间隙。
发明人已知的真空玻璃的制备方法主要包括：
(1)准备两块玻璃板101和102，并在其中一块玻璃板101上设置抽气口6；
(2)将其中一块玻璃板102基本水平放置，在其边缘区域涂敷糊状密封剂4、并在适当的位置布放支撑物2；
(3)将另一块玻璃板101叠放在玻璃板102上，使玻璃板101、102和密封剂4共同围合成一个层状空腔；
(4)在常压下加热层叠后的玻璃板，使密封剂4密封第一玻璃板101和第二玻璃板102四周的缝隙；
(5)通过抽气口6对封装后的玻璃板的内部抽真空，抽真空完毕后堵住抽气口6，并用封帽8覆盖被堵住的抽气口6。
CN1621653公开了一种带抽气口的真空玻璃，该真空玻璃还包括红外吸收材料外壳的包封吸气剂。如图3所示，该真空玻璃包括两块相对设置的玻璃板101和102，玻璃板101和102之间有支撑物2，进而在玻璃板101和102之间形成空腔5。玻璃板101上有抽气口6，抽气口6被封帽8堵住。在抽气口6形成的凹槽处，放置有包封吸气剂，包封吸气剂是由一个封闭的红外吸收材料的外壳31和在该封闭的红外吸收材料外壳中的吸气剂3构成。在真空玻璃外部正对该吸气剂的位置放置对于该红外吸收材料外壳的包封吸气剂进行打孔的激光发生器91，该激光发生器91发出的红外激光束92穿透玻璃板102而对于所说的红外吸收材料外壳31进行打孔而使之解封。
发明内容
CN1621653公开的“包封吸气剂”由包封层(封闭的红外吸收材料的外壳)和在该封闭的红外吸收材料外壳中的吸气剂构成。发明人发现，含有包封吸气剂的真空玻璃具有吸气剂结构复杂、成本高、以及需要在玻璃板上预留抽气口、吸气剂放入量受到预留槽/孔大小的限制、先封接后抽真空的工艺造成玻璃边缘封接高于玻璃中心导致应力不均匀等缺点。
本发明创造性地提供了一种真空玻璃，该真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。
本发明的一个目的是提供一种真空玻璃，本发明的再一个目的是提供一种真空玻璃的制备方法，本发明的再一个目的是提供一种门或窗，本发明的再一个目的是提供一种仪器或仪表，本发明的再一个目的是提供一种太阳能集热器。
本发明第一方面提供一种真空玻璃，包括：
玻璃体，由所述玻璃体和密封剂共同围合成的空腔，以及位于所述空腔内的吸气剂；
所述空腔内是气密性的；
所述吸气剂为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料；
在穿过所述空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于4W/(m2·K)。
本发明第二方面提供一种门或窗，包含本发明任一项所述的真空玻璃。
本发明又一方面提供一种温室，温室的外壁包括本发明任一项所述的真空玻璃。
本发明第三方面提供一种仪器或仪表，包括本发明任一项所述的真空玻璃。
本发明第四方面提供一种太阳能集热器，含有本发明任一项的真空玻璃。
本发明又一方面提供一种太阳能电池，包括光电转换组件和本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃覆盖在所述光电转换组件上。
本发明第五方面提供一种真空玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
i)用玻璃体和密封剂围合出空腔，在空腔内放置吸气剂；
ii)将步骤i)的产品置于真空环境加热，使所述空腔真空，并使密封剂与玻璃体熔接，并使吸气剂被激活；
iii)将步骤ii)的产品降温，获得真空玻璃。
公开实施方案的有益效果：
一个或多个公开实施方案具有以下一项或多项的有益效果：
1)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃密封性较好，空腔内真空度高；
2)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃隔热性能较好，热导率K值较低；
3)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃隔音性能较好，隔声量Rw+Ctr值较高；
4)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃耐辐照性能较好；
5)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃中的吸气剂可实现与玻璃面积的正相关，能够保证足量吸附使用中渗入、释放到真空腔内的气体，玻璃的耐久性能较好；
6)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃没有被堵住的抽气口，结构更完整；
7)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃没有被堵住的抽气口，避免了由抽气口造成的受 力薄弱点、易损点；
8)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃表面没有不通透的槽或孔(暗槽、暗孔)，避免了由暗槽、暗孔造成的受力薄弱点、易损点；
9)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃的在真空下封接，边缘封接与玻璃中心应力均匀，产品更加安全、稳定；
10)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃使用弹性支撑物，避免了由于支撑物的高度误差或空腔层的高度误差所导致的支撑物与玻璃板之间应力分配不均匀的情况，甚至部分支撑物发生位移的情况，使得产品更加安全、稳定；
11)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃没有被堵住的抽气口，外表更美观；
12)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃使用透明无机物，例如玻璃，作为支撑物，产品视觉效果更美观。
13)一个或多个实施方案的真空玻璃的制备方法，其步骤较简便，成本较低。
附图说明
此处所说明的附图用来提供对本发明的进一步理解，构成本申请的一部分，本发明的示意性实施例及其说明用于解释本发明，并不构成对本发明的限定。在附图中：
图1为发明人已知的一种真空玻璃的透视图；
图2为图1的真空玻璃的剖面图；
图3为CN1621653的一种真空玻璃的示意图；
图4为实施例1的一种真空玻璃的透视图；
图5为图4的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图；
图6为实施例2的一种真空玻璃的透视图；
图7为图6的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图；
图8为实施例3的一种真空玻璃的透视图；
图9为图8的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图；
图10为实施例4的一种真空玻璃的透视图；
图11为图10的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图；
图12为实施例5的一种真空玻璃的透视图；
图13为图12的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图；
图14为弹性垫片的正视图和侧视图。
具体实施方式
现在将详细提及本发明的具体实施方案。具体实施方案的例子图示在附图中。尽管结合这些具体的实施方案描述本发明，但应认识到不打算限制本发明到这些具体实施方案。相反，这些实施方案意欲覆盖可包括在由权利要求限定的发明精神和范围内的替代、改变或等价实施方案。在下面的描述中，阐述了大量具体细节以便提供对本发明的全面理解。本发明可在没有部分或全部这些具体细节的情况下被实施。在其它情况下，为了不使本发明不必要地模糊，没有详细描述熟知的工艺操作。
当与本说明书和附加权利要求中的“包括”或类似语言联合使用时，单数形式“该”包括复数引用，除非上下文另外清楚指明。除非另外定义，本文中使用的所有技术和科学术语具有本发明所属技术领域的普通技术人员通常理解的相同含义。
本发明第一方面提供一种真空玻璃，包括：
玻璃体(1)，由所述玻璃体(1)和密封剂(4)共同围合成的空腔(5)，以及位于所述空腔(5)内的吸气剂(3)；
所述空腔(5)内是气密性的；
所述吸气剂(3)为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂(3)的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料；
在穿过所述空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于4W/(m2·K)，例如小于或等于3.9W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，包封物用于将吸气剂气密性地包裹在其中以防止吸气剂在空气中钝化，只有当被包封物包裹的吸气剂置于真空玻璃的空腔(5)中，并完成对空腔(5)的抽真空和密封之后，才从空腔(5)之外透过玻璃体将空腔(5)内包封物的气密性破坏，使得被包封物气密性包裹的吸气剂暴露在空腔(5)的环境中。本申请公开实施方案的真空玻璃不含有上述包封物。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，该真空玻璃不包括被封住的抽气口。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)上没有被封住的抽气口。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述密封剂(4)上没有被封住的抽气口。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃上没有抽气口，也没有用于封住抽气口的密封装置。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃包括至少2个玻璃体(1)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃包括至少3个玻璃体(1)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，相邻的玻璃体(1)之间通过密封剂(4)连接。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)包括层状玻璃体。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)包括至少2个层状玻璃体。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述层状玻璃体彼此之间面-面相对。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述层状玻璃体彼此之间相互平行。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)包括玻璃管。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)包括玻璃板。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃板为平面玻璃板或曲面玻璃板。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，至少一个玻璃体(1)上有镀膜或贴膜。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的表面平整。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)上没有凹槽
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)上没有暗槽或暗孔。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)为硅酸盐玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的软化点高于550℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的软化点高于650℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的软化点高于750℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)为层状空腔。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃包括至少1个空腔(5)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，述真空玻璃包括至少2个空腔(5)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，密封剂(4)与玻璃体(1)熔接。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述密封剂(4)包括密封玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，密封玻璃包括选自PbO-ZnO-B2O3系统、Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2系统、Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO系统、Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3系统、SnO-ZnO-P2O5系统、V2O5-P2O5-Sb2O3系统、ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系统、ZnO-B2O3-BaO系统中的一种或多种玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，密封玻璃的封接温度低于500℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，密封玻璃的封接温度为300～450℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，密封玻璃的封接温度为400～450℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)是激活的吸气剂。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)能够吸收选自O2、N2、CO2、CO、H2中的一种或多种气体。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)包括具有吸气特性的单质、合金、化合物或混合物。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)含有锆元素或钛元素。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，吸气剂(3)含有一种或多种过渡金属元素。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，吸气剂(3)含有一种或多种稀土金属元素。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)是Zr-Al型或Zr-V-Fe型吸气剂。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量为0.1g/cm3以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量为0.5g/cm3以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量 为1g/cm3以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)的激活温度小于或等于密封剂(4)的封接温度。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)能够在300～450℃被激活。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，其特征在于，
所述吸气剂(3)在300℃以上真空热处理1小时以上能够被激活，或者；
所述吸气剂(3)在350℃以上真空处理0.5小时以上能够被激活，或者；
所述吸气剂(3)在400℃以上真空处理10分钟以上能够被激活。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，还包括用于支撑所述玻璃体(1)以维持空腔(5)形状的支撑物(2)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述支撑物(2)位于所述空腔(5)内。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述支撑物(2)的材质是金属材料或非金属材料。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述支撑物(2)是透明无机物。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述支撑物(2)是玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述支撑物(2)是玻璃片。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述支撑物(2)是圆形玻璃片、椭圆形玻璃片或多边形玻璃片。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃是透明的。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在至少一个方向上，所述真空玻璃85％以上面积区域是透明的。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在至少一个方向上，所述真空玻璃90％以上面积区域是透明的。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在至少一个方向上，所述真空玻璃95％以上面积区域是透明的。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻 璃的热导率K值小于或等于3W/(m2·K)，例如小于或等于2.9W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于2.5W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于2W/(m2·K)例如小于或等于1.9W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.8W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.6W/(m2·K)，例如小于或等于1.5W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.4W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.2W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1W/(m2·K)，例如小于或等于0.9W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于0.8W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于0.6W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值为0.5～1W/(m2·K)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为10dB以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为20dB以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为30dB以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为30～35dB。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述穿过空腔(5)的方向是真空玻璃的厚度方向。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.01m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.05m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.1m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.3m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.5m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于1m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.01m×0.01m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.1m×0.1m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的大于或等于0.3m×0.3m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的大于或等于0.5m×0.5m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的大于或等于1m×1m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃的厚度为1～50mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃的厚度为5～25mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的厚度为1～20mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的厚度为5～10mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于3mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于1mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于0.5mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于0.1mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于0.05mm。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.1m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.5m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于1m。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-4pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-3pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-2Pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-1Pa。
本发明第二方面提供一种门或窗，包含本发明任一项所述的真空玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的门或窗，所述门或窗是建筑物、构筑物的门或窗、交通工具的门或窗、制冷设备的门或窗或保温设备的门或窗或隔音设备的门或窗。
本发明又一方面提供一种温室(例如温室大棚)，温室外壁包括本发明任一项的真空玻璃。
本发明第三方面提供一种仪器或仪表，包括本发明任一项所述的真空玻璃。
本发明第四方面提供一种太阳能集热器，含有本发明任一项的真空玻璃。
本发明第五方面提供一种真空玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
i)用玻璃体和密封剂围合出空腔，在空腔内放置吸气剂；
ii)将步骤i)的产品置于真空环境加热，使所述空腔真空，并使密封剂与玻璃体熔接，并使吸气剂被激活；
iii)将步骤ii)的产品降温，获得真空玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤i)中，所述吸气剂是钝化的。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤i)中，所述吸气剂表面不含有包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤i)还包括在所述空腔中放置用于支撑玻璃体的支撑物。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤i)还包括将密封剂在模具中制作成所需的形状。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤i)中，密封剂为密封玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，加热温度大于或等于密封剂的封接温度。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，加热温度大于或等于吸气剂的激活温度。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，加热时间大于或等于吸气剂的激活时间。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，当密封玻璃开始发泡时降低升温速度或停止升温。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，加热温度为300～600℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，加热温度为400～500℃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-1Pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或 等于1×10-2Pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-3Pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-4Pa。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的方法，所述真空玻璃为本发明任一项的真空玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，密封剂是密封玻璃。
密封玻璃与玻璃体，二者表面性质相近，结合牢固，膨胀系数相近，温度变化时不易分离开裂。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃是一种在凝固时基本不结晶的无机熔融物。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃是由于熔融物的过冷却，黏度增加所得具有机械固体性质的非晶态固体。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃是《玻璃材料手册》(王承遇，陶瑛.玻璃材料手册[M].化学工业出版社，2008.)中公开的任意一种玻璃，例如是该书第一章第1.3节“玻璃的品种”中公开的任意一种玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃包括选自元素玻璃、氧化物玻璃、氟化物玻璃、氯化物玻璃、溴化物玻璃、碘化物玻璃、硫族化合物玻璃、卤素硫族化合物玻璃、硝酸盐玻璃、硫酸盐玻璃或醋酸盐玻璃中的一种或多种。
在一个实施方案中，氧化物玻璃包括选自单组份氧化物玻璃、硅酸盐玻璃、硼酸盐玻璃、硼硅酸盐玻璃、铝酸盐玻璃、铝硼酸盐玻璃、磷酸盐玻璃、硼磷酸液玻璃、铝磷酸盐玻璃、钛酸盐玻璃、钛硅酸盐玻璃、碲酸盐玻璃、锗酸盐玻璃、锑酸盐玻璃、砷酸盐玻璃、镓酸盐玻璃中的一种或多种。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃体包含选自二氧化硅、氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钡、氧化锂、氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化硼、氧化钒、氧化锌、氧化碲、氧化铝、氧化铅、氧化锡、氧化磷、氧化钌、氧化铑、氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化钛、氧化钨、氧化铋、氧化锑、硼酸铅玻璃、磷酸锡玻璃、钒酸盐玻璃以及硼硅酸盐玻璃中的一种或多种的化合物。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃体的材料是第一玻璃，密封剂的材料是第二玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃体的软化点温度高于密封玻璃的封接温度。
在一个实施方案中，软化点温度是指：玻璃粘度不能再支撑玻璃，产生变形时的温度。
在一个实施方案中，软化点温度是按GB T 28195-2011《玻璃软化点测试方法》测量。
在一个实施方案中，封接温度是指：指封接玻璃在真空状态下熔化到能够与玻璃体熔接时度温度。
在一个实施方案中，封接温度又称熔封温度，是指玻璃黏度为103pa·s时的温度。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃体的软化点温度高于密封玻璃的封接温度50℃以上，例如100℃以上，再例如150℃以上，再例如200℃以上，再例如250℃以上，再例如300℃以上，再例如350℃以上，再例如400℃以上，再例如500℃以上，再例如600℃以上。
在一个实施方案中，玻璃体的软化点温度大于或等于300℃，例如大于或等于350℃，再例如大于或等于400℃，再例如大于或等于450℃，再例如大于或等于500℃，再例如大于或等于550℃，再例如大于或等于600℃，再例如大于或等于650℃，再例如大于或等于700℃，再例如大于或等于750℃。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃也可以称为焊接玻璃、焊料玻璃、钎料玻璃、密封玻璃、玻璃焊料、低熔点玻璃粉、低熔点玻璃或珐琅熔块等等。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃是低温玻璃或低熔点玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃的封接温度小于或等于600℃，再例如小于或等于550℃，再例如小于或等于500℃，再例如小于或等于490℃，再例如小于或等于480℃，再例如小于或等于470℃，再例如小于或等于460℃，再例如小于或等于450℃，再例如小于或等于440℃，再例如小于或等于430℃，再例如小于或等于420℃，再例如小于或等于410℃，再例如小于或等于400℃，再例如小于或等于380℃，再例如小于或等于360℃，再例如小于或等于340℃。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃是《玻璃材料手册》(王承遇，陶瑛.玻璃材料手册[M].化学工业出版社，2008.)中公开的任意一种低熔点玻璃，例如是该书第十二章第12.4节“焊料玻璃”中公开的任意一种焊料玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃包括非氧化物玻璃(例如硫系玻璃或氟化物玻璃)、氧化物玻璃或混合型玻璃(例如氧硫系玻璃)。
在一个事实方案中，密封玻璃包括含有氧化铅的硼酸盐、硼硅盐或硅酸盐玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃包含选自氧化镁、氧化钙、氧化钡、氧化锂、氧化钠、氧化钾、氧化硼、氧化钒、氧化锌、氧化碲、氧化铝、二氧化硅、氧化铅、氧化锡、氧化磷、氧化钌、氧化铑、氧化铁、氧化铜、氧化钛、氧化钨、氧化铋、氧化锑、硼酸铅玻璃、磷酸锡玻璃、钒酸盐玻璃以及硼硅酸盐玻璃中的一种或多种的化合物。
在一个实施方案中，密封玻璃包括选自PbO-ZnO-B2O3系统、Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2系统、Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO系统、Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3系统、SnO-ZnO-P2O5系统、V2O5-P2O5-Sb2O3系统、ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系统、ZnO-B2O3-BaO系统中的一种或多种玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，密封剂不包括金属。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，密封剂不包括金属单质或合金。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，密封剂不包括有机物，例如树脂，再例如有机胶。
在一个实施方案中，用于包封吸气剂的包封物指金属壳体、玻璃壳体或红外吸收材料壳体。
在一个实施方案中，非蒸散型吸气剂是指不需要使吸气剂蒸发就能够实现吸气特性的吸气剂。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂的激活是通过真空热处理的方法使吸气剂表现出吸气特性。
在一个实施方案中吸气剂是非蒸散型吸气剂。例如是文献“蒋迪奎，陈丽萍.非蒸散型吸气剂(NEG)的性能特点和实际应用问题[J].真空，2004，41(4)：88-93”公开的非蒸散型吸气剂。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂含有Zr元素。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂含有Ti元素。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂含有过渡金属元素中的一种或多种。过渡金属元素例如包括Sc、Ti、V、Cr、Mn、Fe、Co、Ni、Y、Zr、Nb、Mo、Tc、Ru、Rh、Pd、La、 Hf、Ta、W、Re、Os、Ir、Pt和Ac。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂含有稀土金属元素中的一种或多种。稀土金属元素例如包括镧(La)、铈(Ce)、镨(Pr)、钕(Nd)、钷(Pm)、钐(Sm)、铕(Eu)、钆(Gd)、铽(Tb)、镝(Dy)、钬(Ho)、铒(Er)、铥(Tm)、镱(Yb)、镥(Lu)、(Sc)和钇(Y)。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂为Zr系吸气剂，例如Zr-Al型、Zr-Ni型、Zr-C型、Zr-Co-RE型(RE为稀土元素)或Zr-V-Fe型。
在一个实施方案中，吸气剂为Ti系吸气剂，例如Ti-Mo型或Ti-Zr-V型吸气剂。
一个实施方案的真空玻璃没有抽气口，没有抽气口的真空玻璃整体结构较完整，外表较美观，安全稳定性较好。此外，没有抽气口的真空玻璃表面完整，可深加工程度更高，可以进一步加工制成夹胶玻璃、贴膜玻璃等特殊玻璃，满足不同用途需要。
在一个实施方案中，抽气口也称作抽气孔、排气口或排气孔等。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，抽气口是指：玻璃体与密封剂(如密封玻璃)密封连接后，仍保留在玻璃体或密封玻璃上的开口。须通过该抽气口将真空玻璃的空腔抽真空后，再将抽气口用封堵物堵住。
在一个实施方案中，用密封剂密封的玻璃体之间的缝隙不是被堵住的抽气口。
JC/T 1709-2008《真空玻璃》公开了一种真空玻璃，这种真空玻璃是两片或两片以上平板玻璃以支撑物隔开，周边密封，在玻璃间形成真空层的玻璃制品。该真空玻璃包括被堵住的排气口和附着在真空玻璃排气口的保护装置(保护帽)。
CN203923018U公开了一种带有侧边抽气口的真空玻璃，该真空玻璃包括两片或多片玻璃，所述玻璃上的待封接部位设置有金属化层，相邻的两片玻璃通过金属封边物实现气密封接，所述封接部位上还留有抽气口，抽气口内设置有密封件，所述密封件与所述金属化层相结合，以实现抽气口的气密封接。该真空玻璃不同于以往将抽气口设置在玻璃表面的方式，将抽气口设置在真空玻璃的侧边，在封接带上预留抽气口，待抽气完成后通过密封件封口。
CN104291632A公开了一种真空玻璃的抽气口，其特征在于在真空玻璃的上玻璃上打孔制成抽气口，在上玻璃的下表面、抽气口的周围制备一密封环，在下玻璃的上表面与 抽气口对应的位置放置一密封盒，所述密封环能够插入所述密封盒内；在上、下玻璃封边后把金属焊料放入所述抽气口内，将所述抽气口抽真空、并加热使所述金属焊料熔化成液体，所述液体留存在所述密封盒内，所述密封环也淹没在所述液体中，利用液体密封原理将所述抽气口自行密封，降温后所述液体凝固，实现对所述抽气口的气密性密封。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，不包括JC/T 1079-2008中记载的排气口。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，不包括CN203923018U、CN104291632A或CN104108862A中记载的抽气口。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，该真空玻璃整体通过在真空中的一次热处理，完成空腔的抽真空、吸气剂的激活以及玻璃体与密封玻璃的熔接。
在一个实施方案中，任一项的真空玻璃，支撑物的材质是金属材料或非金属材料。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述金属材料为选自钢、铝合金、镍、钼或钽中的一种或多种。
在一个实施方案中，所述金属材料可以是铬、铜。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述非金属材料为选自玻璃、陶瓷和金属氧化物中的一种或多种。
在一个实施方案中，所述非金属材料可以是尼龙、石墨、石英玻璃或蓝宝石玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，真空玻璃的热导率和隔声性能的检测方法参照《真空玻璃》(JC/T1079-2008)。
本发明中，真空度用绝对压力值表示，真空度高/真空度小表示绝对压力值小；真空度低/真空度大表示绝对压力高。
发明人发现，密封玻璃(低熔点玻璃)在真空状态下受热时会熔融变软，并产生较多气体，其现象为软化的密封玻璃内部产生气泡。此时，密封玻璃不仅向真空玻璃的腔体外释放气体，也向真空玻璃的真空腔体内释放气体。密封玻璃向腔体外部释放的气体会被真空泵排出；而由于玻璃粉融化后将上下两片玻璃形成一个密封的腔体，密封玻璃向腔体内释放的气体无法被排出，导致真空玻璃密封腔体内的压强变高、真空度降低，丧失其区别于中空玻璃的高隔温、隔音优良属性。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的真空玻璃制备方法包括：在加热时观察密封玻璃的发 泡情况，并在发泡初期降低升温速度或停止升温的步骤。该步骤能够避免密封玻璃过度发泡释放气体，进而有助于获得高真空度的真空玻璃。反之，如果发泡过度，即便增加足够量的吸气剂，也无法得到保温隔音效果区别于中空玻璃的真空玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，步骤ii)中，在密封剂(例如密封玻璃)发泡初期停止加热。
发明人进一步发现，在真空玻璃的封边阶段，在空腔内加入较多吸气剂，有助于获得更高真空度的真空玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量为0.1g/cm3以上，例如0.5g/cm3以上，再例如1g/cm3以上，再例如1.5g/cm3以上。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，空腔(5)的体积为约300～350cm3(例如330cm3)，吸气剂的重量为600～700g(例如640g)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，空腔(5)的体积为约300～350cm3(例如330cm3)，吸气剂的体积为10～15cm3(例如12cm3)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，每300～350cm3(例如330cm3)空腔体积，吸气剂的重量为600～700g(例如640g)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明任一项的真空玻璃，每300～350cm3(例如330cm3)空腔体积，吸气剂的体积为10～15cm3(例如12cm3)。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的真空玻璃或真空玻璃的制备方法，吸气剂质量与真空玻璃的面积正相关。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的真空玻璃或真空玻璃的制备方法，吸气剂质量与真空玻璃被密封剂密封的边长正相关。
发明人还发现，吸气剂位于靠近密封剂的位置，有助于获得更高真空度的真空玻璃。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的真空玻璃或真空玻璃的制备方法，吸气剂位于密封剂靠近内侧的位置。
在一个实施方案中，本发明的真空玻璃或真空玻璃的制备方法，吸气剂到密封剂的距离为10cm以下，例如5cm以下。
发明人发现，弹性垫片作为支撑物的真空玻璃，具有更小的厚度偏差。
在一个实施方案中，所述支撑物是弹性垫片，例如不锈钢弹性垫片。
在一个实施方案中，所述弹性垫片是弹性垫圈，例如C型弹性垫圈、鞍形弹性垫圈或波形弹性垫圈或碟形弹簧垫圈。
在一个实施方案中，弹性垫片(例如弹性垫圈)的材质为碳纤维、石墨尼龙(aps)、钢(例如中碳钢、65Mn、SK5、SK7、不锈钢，例如SUS304不锈钢)、铝、铜(例如紫铜、铍铜、青铜)或铬。
图14是一个C形弹性垫圈的正视图(左)和侧视图(右)。
在一个实施方案中，弹性垫片的高度为0.1～1.0mm，例如0.7mm。
发明人发现，制备真空玻璃时，在密封玻璃的凝固阶段，先将炉内气压降至常压，再将炉温降至50℃以下，能够获得较宽的有效封边宽度，例如10mm。
在一个实施方案中，真空玻璃的制备方法的步骤iii)包括：降低炉内的真空度和温度，先将炉内气压降至常压，再将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到产品。
在一个实施方案中，真空玻璃的制备方法的步骤iii)包括：降低炉内的真空度和温度，在密封剂仍为半固态时，即将炉内气压降至常压，然后再将炉温降至密封剂凝固温度，开炉得到产品。
在一个实施方案中，真空玻璃的制备方法的步骤iii)包括：降低炉内的真空度和温度，经5～10min将炉内气压降至常压，经10～12h将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到产品。
下面结合具体实施例进一步描述本发明的技术方案。
实施例1
图4为实施例1的一种真空玻璃的透视图，图5为图4的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图。如图所示：
实施例1的真空玻璃产品包括：两个玻璃体1，即两块相对平行设置的low-E玻璃板101和102；以及由low-E玻璃板101和102和密封剂4(即密封玻璃)共同围合成的空腔5，以及位于所述空腔5内的支撑物2和吸气剂3；空腔5内是气密性的；吸气剂3为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂3的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。该真空玻璃没有被封住的抽气口。
上述真空玻璃制备步骤如下：
1、准备玻璃板：准备两块low-E玻璃(低辐射玻璃)板101和102，尺寸均为1m×1m×5mm。
Low-E玻璃的一侧表面有镀膜，为提升玻璃板与密封玻璃的结合强度，将low-E玻璃板镀膜一侧表面需要与密封玻璃连接区域的镀膜磨除，在本实施例中，将low-E玻璃板101和102镀膜一侧表面四周靠近边缘10毫米区域的镀膜磨除。
2、布放密封剂：密封剂4为密封玻璃。采用北京北旭电子玻璃有限公司的JN-48型玻璃粉，封接温度410-430℃。将low-E玻璃板102大致水平放置，镀膜一侧表面朝上，并在该表面四周靠近边缘的区域涂敷糊状玻璃粉，然后烘干糊状玻璃粉使其干燥定型。
3、布放支撑物：支撑物2为圆形玻璃薄片，尺寸为
Figure PCTCN2017103681-appb-000001
将多个支撑物2布放在low-E玻璃板102镀膜一侧表面上，布放间隔为30mm×30mm。
4、布放吸气剂：吸气剂3为带状吸气剂条(辽宁科华吸气材料有限公司，型号ZV8J60Q，成分：锆钒铁，激活条件为400℃/5min)，尺寸约0.3mm×10mm×970mm，重量约160g/条。将四个吸气剂条布放在low-E玻璃板102镀膜一侧表面上，四个吸气剂条分别平行于玻璃板的四个边，且位于靠近密封剂4内侧的位置。
5、叠放：将low-E玻璃板101叠放在low-E玻璃板102上，使low-E玻璃板101、102和密封剂4(密封玻璃)共同围合成一个层状空腔，low-E玻璃板101的镀膜一侧表面朝向该层状空腔。
6、真空加热封装：将叠放后的玻璃板置入真空炉中，进行以下操作：
(1)对真空炉抽真空，使炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa；
(2)保持炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa，并加热真空炉，升温速度为约1～5℃/min，升温至约410～430℃附近时，观察密封玻璃有无发泡情况，并在发泡初期降低升温速度或停止升温，以防止过度发泡，保温5～10min；吸气剂在步骤2)被激活；
(3)降低炉内的真空度和温度。经5～10min将炉内气压降至常压，经10～12h将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到真空玻璃。
实施例2
图6为实施例2的一种真空玻璃的透视图，图7为图6的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图。如图所示：
实施例2的真空玻璃包括：三个玻璃体1，即相对平行设置的low-E玻璃板101和102 和无镀膜玻璃板103，无镀膜玻璃板103位于low-E玻璃板101和102之间；以及由low-E玻璃板102、无镀膜玻璃板103和密封剂4(密封玻璃)共同围合成的一个空腔5，由无镀膜玻璃板103、low-E玻璃板101、和密封剂4(密封玻璃)共同围合成的又一个空腔5；以及分别位于两个空腔5内的支撑物2和吸气剂3。空腔5内是气密性的；吸气剂3为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂3的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。该真空玻璃没有被封住的抽气口。
上述真空玻璃制备步骤如下：
1、准备玻璃体1(玻璃板)：准备两块钢化low-E(低辐射镀膜)玻璃板101和102，尺寸均为1m×1m×5mm。一块无镀膜钢化玻璃板103，尺寸990mm×990mm×5mm。
两块low-E玻璃板101和102四周靠近边缘区域10毫米宽的镀膜磨除。
2、布放支撑物及叠放
将low-E玻璃板102大致水平放置。
在其镀膜一侧表面上布放支撑物。支撑物为用直径0.35mm的304L不锈钢丝弯制而成的弹簧圈，弹簧圈的尺寸：内径0.35mm、外径1.05mm，高度0.35mm。支撑物布放间隔为40mm×40mm。
将无镀膜钢化玻璃板103放置在已经布放了支撑物的low-E玻璃板102上面，位置居中。在玻璃板103上面布放支撑物，支撑物布放间隔为40mm×40mm。
将镀膜low-E玻璃板101放置在已经布放了支撑物的玻璃103上面。玻璃101镀膜面向玻璃103放置。这样在玻璃板101、102、103边缘形成高5.70毫米，宽5毫米的空间，备用。
3、布放吸气剂：吸气剂3为意大利赛斯公司带状锆钒铁吸气剂，型号ST2002/CTS/NI/8D Strip，激活条件：400℃/5min。带状锆钒铁吸气剂规格为0.3mm×8mm×970mm，重量150g/条。取8条前述带状吸气剂，待用。将4条带状锆钒铁吸气剂分别布放在玻璃102和103之间四周，将4条带状锆钒铁吸气剂分别布放在玻璃101和103之间四周，8条带状锆钒铁吸气剂的外缘距离玻璃板103边缘5毫米。
4、布放密封剂：密封剂4为密封玻璃。采用北京北旭电子材料有限公司的BDH-0118型玻璃粉，封接温度430℃。将上述玻璃粉制作成玻璃粉条。玻璃粉条规格6mm×8mm×1m，4根玻璃粉条备用。将8毫米高的玻璃粉条放置在玻璃101、102之间。
5、真空加热封装：将叠放后的玻璃板置入真空炉中，进行以下操作：
(1)对真空炉抽真空，使炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa；
(2)保持炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa，并加热真空炉，升温速度为约1～5℃/min，升温至约430℃附近，观察密封玻璃有无发泡情况，并在发泡初期降低升温速度或停止升温，以防止过度发泡，保温5～10min；吸气剂在步骤2)被激活；
(3)降低炉内的真空度和温度，经5～10min将炉内气压降至常压，经10～12h将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到产品。
实施例3(带固定通孔的真空玻璃)
图8为实施例3的一种真空玻璃的透视图，图9为图8的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图，如图所示：
实施例3的真空玻璃产品包括：两个玻璃体1，即两块相对平行设置的low-E玻璃板101和102，尺寸均为1m×1m×5mm，两块玻璃板之间的间距为0.35mm；以及由low-E玻璃板101和102和密封剂4(密封玻璃)共同围合成的空腔5；以及位于所述空腔5内的支撑物2和吸气剂3。实施例3的真空玻璃上有贯通整片真空玻璃的通孔7。空腔5内是气密性的；吸气剂3为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂3的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。该真空玻璃没有被封住的抽气口。
其制备步骤如下：
1、准备玻璃体1(玻璃板)：准备两块钢化low-E(低辐射玻璃)101和102，尺寸均为1m×1m×5mm。两块low-E玻璃板四个角的位置有各有一个通孔7，孔径为1.8cm(也可以根据需要制作任何孔径)。将两块low-E玻璃板四周靠近边缘区域的镀膜和四个通孔7周围区域的镀膜磨除。
2、布放密封剂：将low-E玻璃板102大致水平放置，镀膜一侧表面朝上，并在该表面四周靠近边缘的区域和通孔7附近的区域涂敷糊状的玻璃粉(珠海彩珠实业有限公司，711型玻璃粉，封接温度400℃)，然后烘干糊状玻璃粉使其干燥定型。
3、在low-E玻璃板102镀膜一侧表面上布放支撑物、布放吸气剂，步骤参数同实施例1步骤3、4。
4、叠放：将low-E玻璃板101叠放在low-E玻璃板102上，使得low-E玻璃板101、102和密封玻璃共同围合成一个层状空腔，low-E玻璃板101的镀膜一侧表面朝向该层状空腔。
5、真空加热封装：将叠放后的玻璃板置入真空炉中，进行以下操作：
(1)对真空炉抽真空，使炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa；
(2)保持炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa，并加热真空炉，升温速度为约1～5℃/min，升温至约400℃附近，观察密封玻璃有无发泡情况，并在发泡初期降低升温速度或停止升温，以防止过度发泡，保温5～10min；吸气剂在步骤(2)被激活；
(3)降低炉内的真空度和温度，经5～10min将炉内气压降至常压，经10～12h将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到产品。
实施例4(曲面真空玻璃)
图10为实施例4的一种真空玻璃的透视图，图11为图10的真空玻璃的A-A剖面图。如图所示：
实施例4的真空玻璃产品包括：玻璃体1，即两块相对平行设置的low-E曲面玻璃板101和102，弓形弯曲度为100mm/1m，由两块low-E曲面玻璃板和密封剂4(密封玻璃)共同围合成的空腔5，以及位于所述空腔5内的支撑物和吸气剂。空腔5是气密性的，且该真空玻璃的弓形弯曲度为100mm/1m；吸气剂3为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂3的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。该真空玻璃没有被封住的抽气口。
1、准备玻璃板：准备两块经钢化处理的low-E(低辐射玻璃)曲面玻璃板101和102，尺寸均为1m×1m×5mm，沿一个方向的弓形弯曲度为100mm/1m；
按实施例1的方法，将镀膜一侧表面四周靠近边缘区域10毫米的镀膜磨除。
2、参照实施例1的方法，布放密封剂、布放支撑物(使用耐高温无影无机胶固定将支撑物固定在玻璃板上)、布放吸气剂(4条实施例2中的带状吸气剂条)、叠放。
3、真空加热封装的步骤参数同实施例2的相应步骤，获得实施例4的曲面真空玻璃；
实施例5(真空玻璃管)
图12为实施例5的一种真空玻璃的透视图，图13为图12的真空玻璃的A-A剖面 图。如图所示：
实施例5的真空玻璃产品包括：玻璃体1，即两个套接的玻璃管104和105，玻璃管105套接在玻璃管104之外；以及由玻璃管104，105和密封剂4(密封玻璃)共同围合成的空腔5。空腔5是气密性的；吸气剂3为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂3的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料。该真空玻璃没有被封住的抽气口。
1、准备玻璃体(玻璃管)：准备两个玻璃管104和105，尺寸：玻璃管104外径48mm、内径44mm、厚度2mm、长1790mm，玻璃管105外径58mm、内径54mm、厚度2mm、长1800mm，。玻璃管104和105均为一头开口。
2、布放吸气剂，将玻璃管105套装在玻璃管104外侧，玻璃管104位置居中，将环形的锆钒铁吸气剂(Zr-V-Fe吸气剂，南京善工电子材料有限公司)置入玻璃管104和105的上端间隙。
3、布放密封剂：密封剂4为密封玻璃。采用北京北旭电子材料有限公司的728H型玻璃粉，封接温度约400℃。用模具将上述玻璃粉制作成环状密封玻璃，尺寸：内径44mm，外径58mm，厚5毫米。将玻璃管104和105竖立放置，用支撑架固定玻璃管位置，使玻璃管104和105的开口处同环状密封玻璃相接触，使玻璃管104、105和密封玻璃共同围合成一个空腔。
4、真空加热封装，将玻璃管104、105使用模具固定，置于真空炉内，进行以下操作：
(1)对真空炉抽真空，使炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa；
(2)保持炉内真空度(绝对压力值)小于或等于1×10-4pa，并加热真空炉，升温速度为约1～5℃/min，升温至约400℃附近，观察密封玻璃有无发泡情况，并在发泡初期降低升温速度或停止升温，以防止过度发泡，保温5～10min；
(3)降低炉内的真空度，同时降低炉内温度，经5～10min将炉内气压降至常压，经10～12h将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到产品。
实施例6
按照实施例1的方法，但是使用的支撑物与实施例2不同。
实施例6使用的支撑物为弹性垫片：用直径0.35mm的304L不锈钢丝弯制而成的弹性垫片，弹性垫片的尺寸：内径0.35mm、外径1.05mm，高度0.70mm，支撑物布放间隔为 40mm×40mm。
对比例1
按照实施例1的方法，但是真空玻璃的空腔内不设置吸气剂，制备得到对比例1的真空玻璃。
对比例2
参照实施例1，不同之处在于布放吸气剂的步骤：
4、布放吸气剂：在玻璃板的一个角上分别钻磨出直径为12mm，深度为3mm的盲孔，并在盲孔中置入尺寸为
Figure PCTCN2017103681-appb-000002
(体积约0.34cm3，约3g)的锆钒铁吸气剂，相当于每cm3空腔内放置了约0.0091g吸气剂。
分析检测
检测方法参照《真空玻璃》(JC/T1079-2008)对上述实施例中的真空玻璃进行下述指标的检测，结果如下：
1、厚度偏差：
实施例1～5的真空玻璃，厚度偏差±小于0.4mm。
2、尺寸偏差：
实施例1～5的真空玻璃，尺寸偏差±小于3.0mm。
3、对角线差：
实施例1～3的真空玻璃，小于对角线平均长度的2％。
4、边部加工质量：
实施例1～5的真空玻璃，边部没有裂纹等缺陷。
5、封帽：
实施例1～5的真空玻璃，没有被封住的抽气口，无封帽。
6、支撑物：
实施例1的真空玻璃，支撑物以30mm×30mm列阵布置，没有重叠，没有缺位，布放整 齐。
实施例2～4、6的真空玻璃，支撑物以40mm×40mm列阵布置，没有重叠，没有缺位，布放整齐。
实施例5的真空玻璃没有支撑物。
7、外观质量：
实施例1～5的真空玻璃，外观观察，没有划伤，没有爆边，没有内部污迹，没有裂纹。
8、封边质量：
实施例1～5的真空玻璃熔封接缝饱满、平整，有效封边宽度大于5mm。
9、弯曲度：
实施例1～3的真空玻璃的弯曲度小于玻璃厚度的0.3％。实施例4和5的真空玻璃的弯曲度符合尺寸要求。
10、透明区域占比，如表1所示
表1
编号 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 实施例4 实施例5
透明区域占比 ＞92％ ＞92％ ＞92％ ＞92％ ＞98.8％
透明区域占比＝透明区域面积/整体面积×100％
对于实施例1～4，透明度测量方向垂直于真空玻璃厚度方向，对于实施例5透明度测量方向垂直于玻璃管壁。
11、吸气剂含量，如表2所示：
表2
Figure PCTCN2017103681-appb-000003
12、保温性能实验，如表3所示：
表3
编号 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3 对比例1
K值W/(m2·K) 0.8 0.5 0.8 4.8
12b.还对实施例1和对比例2的真空玻璃进行抗结露能力试验。具体地，同时将实施例1和对比例2的真空玻璃制成同一冷柜的两扇玻璃门，冷柜内温度设定为-25℃，冷柜外温度为25℃。当冷柜内温度达到-2℃时，对比例2的真空玻璃出现结露，实施例1的真空玻璃未结露。继续降低冷柜温度，当冷柜内温度达到-25℃时，保持48小时，实施例1的真空玻璃仍未出现结露。
12c.还对实施例1中吸气剂量进行调整，对比内置不同吸气剂量真空玻璃的抗结露能力。具体地，调整实施例1中吸气剂长度，分别添加总长度为485mm、970mm、2910mm、3880mm的吸气剂，制成4块真空玻璃。将以上4块真空玻璃制成同一冷柜的4扇玻璃门，冷柜内温度设定为负22℃，冷柜外温度为25℃。当冷柜内温度达到-12℃时，内置485mm吸气剂条的真空玻璃开始结露。继续降低冷柜温度，当冷柜内温度达到-22℃时，内置970mm、2910mm、3880mm吸气剂条的真空玻璃均未结露，且真空玻璃朝外侧的表面温度分别为23.4℃、24℃、24℃。
13、隔声性能，如表4所示：
表4
编号 实施例1 实施例2 实施例3
Rw+Ctr(dB) 31 32 31
实施例1～3的真空玻璃的隔声性能大于30dB，
14、耐辐照性：如表5所示。
表5
Figure PCTCN2017103681-appb-000004
紫外线照射200h，真空玻璃试验前后K值的变化率不超过3％，
15、气候循环耐久性，如表6所示：
表6
Figure PCTCN2017103681-appb-000005
经气候耐久性试验后，实施例1～3的真空玻璃没有出现炸裂，试验前后K值的变化率不超过3％。
16、高温高湿耐久性，如表7所示。
表7
Figure PCTCN2017103681-appb-000006
经高温高湿耐久性试验后，真空玻璃没有出现炸裂，试验前后K值的变化率不超过3％。
发明人已知，保温性能或隔声性能直接反应真空玻璃真空度的高低。在国家标准《真空玻璃》(JC/T1079-2008)中，保温性能或隔声性能是衡量真空玻璃质量的重要指标。如保温性能实验(表3、抗结露实验)和隔声性能实验(表4)所示，实施例1～5的真空玻璃具有较优的保温性能和隔声性能，这说明实施例1～5的真空玻璃相对于对比例1、对比例2，空腔5的真空度较高。
如耐辐照性实验(表5)、气候循环耐久性实验(表6)和高温高湿耐久性实验(表7)所示，实施例1～5的真空玻璃具有较优的耐辐照性和耐久性。
上述公开实施方案的一个有益效果在于真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂的包封物，极大地简化了吸气剂的结构，降低了吸气剂的成本，进而简化了真空玻璃的结构，降低了真空玻璃的成本。
上述公开实施方案的再一个有益效果在于吸气剂的厚度很薄，进而空腔的厚度可以很薄，且无需在玻璃体上预留用于放置吸气剂的凹槽/开口，保持了玻璃体的完整性。
上述公开实施方案的再一个有益效果在于真空玻璃没有抽气口。没有抽气口的真空玻璃外形美观、表面完整，而且可深加工程度更高。上述实施例的真空玻璃可以继续加工 制成夹胶玻璃、贴膜玻璃等特殊玻璃，满足不同用途需要。
发明人已知，吸气剂在空气中是钝化的，吸气剂的激活是指通过真空热处理的方法使吸气剂表现出吸气特性。上述公开实施方案中，真空加热的一个重要作用就是使吸气剂激活。
发明人已知，真空玻璃密封完成出炉后，再对真空玻璃进行大面积和/或长时间的加热会破坏真空玻璃的真空度，甚至会导致真空玻璃因受热不均匀而产生过大的内部应力而发生炸裂。对于上述公开实施方案的真空玻璃，吸气剂3在真空加热步骤被激活，因此真空玻璃密封完成后，无需再对吸气剂进行蒸散/激活/解封，尤其是不需要再使用高频加热、红外加热等方式对吸气剂进行蒸散/激活/解封，进而简化了工艺步骤，降低了成本。而且，上述公开实施方案能够获得真空度较高的真空玻璃，尤其是隔热性能和/或隔声性能较好的真空玻璃。
发明人已知，玻璃体和/或密封剂(例如密封玻璃)受热时可能会释放出气体。实施例1～5中，吸气剂3的一个作用可以是，在真空玻璃的制备过程中，尤其是真空玻璃的真空加热封装过程中，吸收可能进入空腔(5)内的气体，以保持空腔(5)内的真空度达标，进而使真空玻璃的隔热性能和/或隔声性能较好。
发明人发现，在真空玻璃制备过程中，尤其是在真空玻璃加热封装过程中，每cm3空腔体积重加入0.1g以上，例如0.5g以上，例如1g以上的吸气剂，能够有效地吸收可能进入空腔(5)内的气体，以保持空腔(5)内的真空度达标，进而使真空玻璃的隔热性能和/或隔声性能较好。
发明人已知，玻璃体和/或密封剂(例如密封玻璃)在长时间(例如1～50年)地使用过程中，可能会释放出一定量的气体。吸气剂3的又一个作用可以是，在真空玻璃的使用过程中，持续地吸收可能进入空腔(5)内的气体，以保持空腔(5)内的真空度达标，进而使真空玻璃的耐久性较高。
上述公开实施方案的真空玻璃，吸气剂不是通过抽气口放置到真空玻璃内的，吸气剂的尺寸不受抽气口的限制。可以根据真空玻璃空腔的尺寸放置所需量的吸气剂，例如放置1g/cm3以上的吸气剂。
上述公开实施方案的真空玻璃中的吸气剂为非蒸散型吸气剂(Non Evaporable  Getters)。非蒸散型吸气剂无需经高频加热蒸发后使用，不在玻璃体表面形成金属膜，对真空玻璃的透明度影响小。获得真空玻璃的透明区域占比较高。
由于制造精度的问题，用于制备真空玻璃的玻璃板的厚度可能并非是完全均一的，可能存在一些起伏，另外，支撑物的高度也可能不是完全均一的，可能存在一些起伏。如果支撑物是刚性的，真空玻璃组装完成后，可能会出现一部分支撑物因高度不足而无法起到支撑两侧玻璃的作用，这些支撑物失去了两侧玻璃的挤压力，在使用过程中不能固定于原位，可能会出现位移，造成真空玻璃应力不均匀，进而影响真空玻璃的美观和安全性。
使用本发明的弹性支撑物可以解决上述问题，弹性支撑物能够通过弹性变形以适应不用尺寸的空间高度，进而实现每个支撑物都与真空玻璃保持良好的支撑。另外，金属材料(例如铜、铝、钢或铬)的支撑物耐热性好，不会因为真空玻璃制备过程受热而失去弹性。
最后应当说明的是：以上实施例仅用以说明本发明的技术方案而非对其限制；尽管参照较佳实施例对本发明进行了详细的说明，所属领域的普通技术人员应当理解：依然可以对本发明的具体实施方式进行修改或者对部分技术特征进行等同替换；而不脱离本发明技术方案的精神，其均应涵盖在本发明请求保护的技术方案范围当中。

Claims (32)

  1. 一种真空玻璃，包括：
    玻璃体(1)，由所述玻璃体(1)和密封剂(4)共同围合成的空腔(5)，以及位于所述空腔(5)内的吸气剂(3)；
    所述空腔(5)内是气密性的；
    所述吸气剂(3)为非蒸散型吸气剂，且所述真空玻璃不含用于包封吸气剂(3)的包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料；
    在穿过所述空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于4W/(m2·K)。
  2. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，其特征在于以下一项或多项，
    优选地，所述真空玻璃不包括被封住的抽气口；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)上没有被封住的抽气口；
    优选地，所述密封剂(4)上没有被封住的抽气口；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃上没有用于封住抽气口的密封装置；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃包括至少2个玻璃体(1)；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃包括至少3个玻璃体(1)；
    优选地，相邻的玻璃体(1)之间通过密封剂(4)连接。
  3. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)包括层状玻璃体；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)包括至少2个层状玻璃体；
    优选地，所述层状玻璃体彼此之间面-面相对；
    优选地，所述层状玻璃体彼此之间相互平行。
  4. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，其特征在于以下一项或多项，
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)包括玻璃管；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)包括玻璃板；
    优选地，所述玻璃板为平面玻璃板或曲面玻璃板。
  5. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，其特征在于以下一项或多项，
    优选地，至少一个玻璃体(1)上有镀膜或贴膜；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)的表面平整；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)上没有凹槽；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)为硅酸盐玻璃；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)的软化点高于550℃；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)的软化点高于650℃；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)的软化点高于750℃；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)为层状空腔；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃包括至少1个空腔(5)；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃包括至少2个空腔(5)；
    优选地，密封剂(4)与玻璃体(1)熔接。
  6. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述密封剂(4)包括密封玻璃；
    优选地，密封玻璃包括选自PbO-ZnO-B2O3系统、Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2系统、Bi2O3-B2O3-ZnO系统、Na2O-Al2O3-B2O3系统、SnO-ZnO-P2O5系统、V2O5-P2O5-Sb2O3系统、ZnO-B2O3-SiO2系统、ZnO-B2O3-BaO系统中的一种玻璃；
    优选地，密封玻璃的封接温度低于500℃；
    优选地，密封玻璃的封接温度为300～450℃；
    优选地，密封玻璃的封接温度为400～450℃。
  7. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，其特征在于以下一项或多项，
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)是激活的吸气剂；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)能够吸收选自O2、N2、CO2、CO、H2中的一种或多种气体；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)包括具有吸气特性的单质、合金、化合物或混合物；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)含有锆元素或钛元素；
    优选地，吸气剂(3)含有一种或多种过渡金属元素；
    优选地，吸气剂(3)含有一种或多种稀土金属元素；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)是Zr-Al型或Zr-V-Fe型吸气剂；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量为0.1g/cm3以上；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量为0.5g/cm3以上；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)在空腔(5)中的含量为1g/cm3以上；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)的激活温度小于或等于密封剂(4)的封接温度；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)能够在300～450℃被激活；
    优选地，所述吸气剂(3)在300℃以上真空热处理1小时以上能够被激活，或者
    所述吸气剂(3)在350℃以上真空处理0.5小时以上能够被激活，或者
    所述吸气剂(3)在400℃以上真空处理10分钟以上能够被激活。
  8. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃还包括用于支撑所述玻璃体(1)以维持空腔(5)形状的支撑物(2)；
    优选地，所述支撑物(2)位于所述空腔(5)内；
    优选地，所述支撑物(2)的材质是金属材料或非金属材料；
    优选地，所述支撑物(2)是透明无机物；
    优选地，所述支撑物(2)是玻璃(例如石英玻璃或蓝宝石玻璃)；
    优选地，所述支撑物(2)是玻璃片；
    优选地，所述支撑物(2)是圆形玻璃片、椭圆形玻璃片或多边形玻璃片。
  9. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃是透明的；
    优选地，在至少一个方向上，所述真空玻璃85％以上面积区域是透明的；
    优选地，在至少一个方向上，所述真空玻璃90％以上面积区域是透明的；
    优选地，在至少一个方向上，所述真空玻璃95％以上面积区域是透明的。
  10. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于3W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于2.5W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于2W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.8W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.6W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.4W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1.2W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于1W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于0.8W/(m2·K)；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的热导率K值小于或等于小于0.6W/(m2·K)。
  11. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为10dB以上；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为20dB以上；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为30dB以上；
    优选地，在穿过空腔(5)的方向上，所述真空玻璃的隔声量Rw+Ctr为30～35dB。
  12. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述穿过空腔(5)的方向是真空玻璃的厚度方向。
  13. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.01m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.05m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.1m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.3m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.5m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于1m。
  14. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.01m×0.01m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.1m×0.1m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的大于或等于0.3m×0.3m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的大于或等于0.5m×0.5m；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)在两个相互垂直方向上的大于或等于1m×1m。
  15. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃的厚度为1～50mm；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃的厚度为5～25mm。
  16. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述玻璃体(1)的厚度为1～20mm；
    优选地，所述玻璃体(1)的厚度为5～10mm。
  17. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于3mm；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于1mm；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于0.5mm；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于0.1mm；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的厚度小于0.05mm。
  18. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.1m；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于0.5m；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)在至少一个方向上的尺寸大于或等于1m。
  19. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-4Pa；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-3Pa；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-2Pa；
    优选地，所述空腔(5)的真空度小于或等于1×10-1Pa。
  20. 一种门或窗，包含权利要求1～19任一项所述的真空玻璃。
  21. 根据权利要求20所述的门或窗，所述门或窗是建筑物、构筑物的门或窗、交通工具的门或窗、制冷设备的门或窗或保温设备的门或窗或隔音设备的门或窗。
  22. 一种仪器或仪表，包括权利要求1～19任一项所述的真空玻璃。
  23. 一种太阳能集热器，含有权利要求1～19任一项的真空玻璃。
  24. 一种真空玻璃的制备方法，包括以下步骤：
    i)用玻璃体和密封剂围合出空腔，在空腔内放置吸气剂；
    ii)将步骤(i)的产品置于真空环境加热，使所述空腔真空，并使密封剂与玻璃体熔接， 并使吸气剂被激活；
    iii)将步骤ii)的产品降温，获得真空玻璃；
    优选地，步骤i)中，所述吸气剂是钝化的；
    优选地，步骤i)中，所述吸气剂表面不含有包封物，所述包封物的材料是气密性材料；
    优选地，步骤i)还包括在所述空腔中放置用于支撑玻璃体的支撑物；
    优选地，步骤i)还包括将密封剂在模具中制作成所需的形状；
    优选地，步骤i)中，密封剂为密封玻璃；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，当密封玻璃开始发泡时降低升温速度或停止升温；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，加热温度为300～600℃；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，加热温度为400～500℃；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，加热温度大于或等于密封剂的封接温度；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，加热温度大于或等于吸气剂的激活温度；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，加热时间大于或等于吸气剂的激活时间；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-1Pa；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-2Pa；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-3Pa；
    优选地，步骤ii)中，真空环境的绝对压力值小于或等于1×10-4Pa；
    优选地，所述真空玻璃为权利要求1～19任一项的真空玻璃。
  25. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述支撑物是弹性垫片。
  26. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述弹性垫片由金属材料制成。
  27. 根据权利要求1所述的真空玻璃，所述吸气剂位于靠近密封剂内侧的位置。
  28. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，步骤iii)包括：降低炉内的真空度和温度，在密封剂仍为半固态时，就将炉内气压降至常压，然后再将炉温降至密封剂凝固温度，开炉得到产品。
  29. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，步骤iii)包括：降低炉内的真空度和温度，经5～10min将炉内气压降至常压，经10～12h将炉温降至50℃以下，开炉得到产品。
  30. 根据权利要求24所述的方法，步骤ii)包括，在密封剂发泡初期降低升温速度或停止升温。
  31. 一种温室，温室的外壁包括权利要求1～19任一项所述真空玻璃。
  32. 一种太阳能电池，包括光电转换组件和权利要求1～19任一项所述的真空玻璃，所述真空玻璃覆盖在所述光电转换组件上。
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