WO2018056262A1 - 電源システム - Google Patents
電源システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2018056262A1 WO2018056262A1 PCT/JP2017/033731 JP2017033731W WO2018056262A1 WO 2018056262 A1 WO2018056262 A1 WO 2018056262A1 JP 2017033731 W JP2017033731 W JP 2017033731W WO 2018056262 A1 WO2018056262 A1 WO 2018056262A1
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- battery
- value
- pack
- battery pack
- voltage value
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- H02J7/56—
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- H02J7/50—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
- B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
- B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/16—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries responding to battery ageing, e.g. to the number of charging cycles or the state of health [SoH]
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/21—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules having the same nominal voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L58/00—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles
- B60L58/10—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries
- B60L58/18—Methods or circuit arrangements for monitoring or controlling batteries or fuel cells, specially adapted for electric vehicles for monitoring or controlling batteries of two or more battery modules
- B60L58/22—Balancing the charge of battery modules
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/44—Methods for charging or discharging
- H01M10/441—Methods for charging or discharging for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
- H01M10/482—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte for several batteries or cells simultaneously or sequentially
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/50—Current conducting connections for cells or batteries
- H01M50/502—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing
- H01M50/509—Interconnectors for connecting terminals of adjacent batteries; Interconnectors for connecting cells outside a battery casing characterised by the type of connection, e.g. mixed connections
- H01M50/51—Connection only in series
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1415—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with a generator driven by a prime mover other than the motor of a vehicle
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02J—CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS OR SYSTEMS FOR SUPPLYING OR DISTRIBUTING ELECTRIC POWER; SYSTEMS FOR STORING ELECTRIC ENERGY
- H02J7/00—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries
- H02J7/14—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle
- H02J7/1423—Circuit arrangements for charging or depolarising batteries or for supplying loads from batteries for charging batteries from dynamo-electric generators driven at varying speed, e.g. on vehicle with multiple batteries
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- H02J7/575—
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- H02J7/60—
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- H02J7/61—
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- H02J7/82—
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60K—ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PROPULSION UNITS OR OF TRANSMISSIONS IN VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENT OR MOUNTING OF PLURAL DIVERSE PRIME-MOVERS IN VEHICLES; AUXILIARY DRIVES FOR VEHICLES; INSTRUMENTATION OR DASHBOARDS FOR VEHICLES; ARRANGEMENTS IN CONNECTION WITH COOLING, AIR INTAKE, GAS EXHAUST OR FUEL SUPPLY OF PROPULSION UNITS IN VEHICLES
- B60K6/00—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines
- B60K6/20—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs
- B60K6/22—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs
- B60K6/28—Arrangement or mounting of plural diverse prime-movers for mutual or common propulsion, e.g. hybrid propulsion systems comprising electric motors and internal combustion engines the prime-movers consisting of electric motors and internal combustion engines, e.g. HEVs characterised by apparatus, components or means specially adapted for HEVs characterised by the electric energy storing means, e.g. batteries or capacitors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/545—Temperature
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/547—Voltage
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
- B60L2240/00—Control parameters of input or output; Target parameters
- B60L2240/40—Drive Train control parameters
- B60L2240/54—Drive Train control parameters related to batteries
- B60L2240/549—Current
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/91—Electric vehicles
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60Y—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO ASPECTS CROSS-CUTTING VEHICLE TECHNOLOGY
- B60Y2200/00—Type of vehicle
- B60Y2200/90—Vehicles comprising electric prime movers
- B60Y2200/92—Hybrid vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/425—Structural combination with electronic components, e.g. electronic circuits integrated to the outside of the casing
- H01M2010/4271—Battery management systems including electronic circuits, e.g. control of current or voltage to keep battery in healthy state, cell balancing
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- H02J2105/30—
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/7072—Electromobility specific charging systems or methods for batteries, ultracapacitors, supercapacitors or double-layer capacitors
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T90/00—Enabling technologies or technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02T90/10—Technologies relating to charging of electric vehicles
- Y02T90/14—Plug-in electric vehicles
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power supply system.
- Patent Document 1 discloses a battery module that reduces the failure of a battery pack by connecting the battery packs in parallel only when the voltage difference between the battery packs is a certain value or less.
- lithium (Li) or the like When a lithium ion battery or the like is used in the battery pack, lithium (Li) or the like may be deposited on the battery electrode due to the circulating current, which may cause deterioration in battery performance.
- Such precipitation usually occurs in a charging side battery pack having a low voltage value among battery packs connected in parallel to each other, and is more likely to occur as the voltage value of the charging side battery pack increases.
- the voltage difference between the battery packs is considered, but there is no description regarding the occurrence of precipitation, and the voltage value of the battery pack related to the occurrence of precipitation is not considered. For this reason, there exists a problem that the performance deterioration of the battery by precipitation cannot be suppressed.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above-described problems, and an object thereof is to provide a power supply system capable of suppressing battery performance deterioration due to deposition.
- the power supply system which concerns on 1 aspect of this invention is a power supply system provided with the several battery pack, Comprising: It is a battery pack with the lowest voltage value among the at least 2 battery packs which determine whether it connects in parallel. Calculating means for calculating specific battery characteristics relating to the charging side battery pack, and determining means for comparing the battery characteristics with an allowable value to determine whether to connect the battery packs in parallel. One of the allowable values changes according to the voltage value of the charging side battery pack.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of a power supply system according to the first embodiment.
- a power supply system 100 illustrated in FIG. 1 is connected to the electric device 200 and functions as a power source of the electric device 200.
- the electric device 200 is not particularly limited, and is, for example, a hybrid vehicle or an electric vehicle. Note that the power supply system 100 may be mounted on the electric device 200.
- the electric device 200 includes a load / regenerative device 201, a connection circuit 202, and a device control unit 203.
- the load / regenerative device 201 functions as a load of the power supply system 100 and also functions as a regenerative device that supplies regenerative energy to the power supply system 100.
- the connection circuit 202 switches the connection state between the power supply system 100 and the load / regenerative device 201.
- the connection circuit 202 includes a precharge circuit 202a that performs precharge when the power supply system 100 and the load / regenerative device 201 are connected, but the precharge circuit 202a may not be provided.
- the device control unit 203 controls the connection circuit 202.
- the device control unit 203 connects the power supply system 100 to the load / regenerative device 201 using the connection circuit 202 when the electric device 200 is activated.
- the device control unit 203 inputs a control signal for controlling the power supply system 100 to the power supply system 100.
- Power supply system 100 includes a plurality of battery packs.
- One of the battery packs functions as a master battery pack that controls another battery pack, and functions as a slave battery pack in which the other battery pack is controlled by the master battery pack.
- two battery packs 101 and 102 are shown among the plurality of battery packs.
- the battery pack 101 is a master battery pack
- the battery pack 102 is a slave battery pack.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the configuration of the battery packs 101 and 102.
- Each of the battery packs 101 and 102 includes a battery unit 1, an ammeter 2, a voltmeter 3, a thermometer 4, a switch 5, and a BMS (Battery Management System) 6.
- the battery pack 101 that is a master battery pack further includes a master control unit 7. As shown in FIG. 1, the master control unit 7 may be integrated with the BMS 6 of the battery pack 101 that is a master battery pack.
- the battery part 1 is comprised with the secondary battery which discharges the electric power stored by charge.
- the battery part 1 is comprised from the battery row
- the number of battery cells 1a of the battery packs 101 and 102 is eight in FIG. 1 and three in FIG. 2, but the number of battery cells 1a is not limited.
- the number of battery cells 1a may be the same for all battery packs. In the present embodiment, the number of battery cells 1a is the same for all battery packs, and is n hereinafter.
- the battery unit 1 is not limited to an example of a battery array in which a plurality of battery cells are connected in series. For example, if a plurality of unit batteries are connected in series, the unit battery is 1 as in this embodiment.
- One battery cell may be used, or a unit battery composed of a plurality of battery cells connected in parallel can be used.
- the kind of battery cell 1a is not specifically limited, In this embodiment, it is a lithium ion battery.
- the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected to each other in parallel, and the circulating current generated in the battery packs 101 and 102 causes the negative electrode of the charging side battery pack that is the battery pack having a low voltage value among the battery packs 101 and 102. Precipitation (specifically, lithium deposition) may occur.
- the conditions under which this deposition occurs and the conditions under which the deposition can be prevented if reversed are different depending on the voltage value, current value, and temperature of the charging side battery pack.
- the circulating current generated in battery packs 101 and 102 when battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other may be simply referred to as circulating current.
- the ammeter 2 measures the pack current value, which is the value of the current flowing through the battery unit 1, and outputs a current detection signal indicating the pack current value to the BMS 6.
- the voltmeter 3 measures a cell voltage value, which is a voltage value of the battery cell 1 a included in the battery unit 1, for each battery cell 1 a, and outputs a voltage detection signal indicating the cell voltage value to the BMS 6.
- the thermometer 4 measures the cell temperature, which is the temperature of the battery cell 1 a included in the battery unit 1, for each battery cell 1 a, and outputs a temperature detection signal indicating the cell temperature to the BMS 6.
- the switch 5 switches the connection between the battery unit 1 and the battery unit 1 of another battery pack and the electric device 200.
- the BMS 6 receives a current detection signal, a voltage detection signal, and a temperature detection signal from each of the ammeter 2, the voltmeter 3, and the thermometer 4.
- the BMS 6 obtains battery information regarding the battery pack including the BMS 6 based on the cell voltage value and the cell temperature indicated by the voltage detection signal and the temperature detection signal, and outputs the battery information to the master control unit 7 of the battery pack 101.
- the current detection signal is not used in this embodiment.
- the battery information is a pack voltage value Vp that is a voltage value of the battery unit 1 and an internal resistance value R of the battery unit 1, and the allowable value is the power supplied to the charging side battery pack by the circulating current.
- the internal resistance value varies depending on the pack temperature T which is the temperature of the battery unit 1.
- the allowable circulating power value Pin is the maximum power value that can prevent the precipitation that occurs at the negative electrode of the charging side battery pack due to the circulating current.
- the estimated circulating power value Pc which is an estimated value of the power supplied to the charging side battery pack by the circulating current
- the allowable circulating power value Pin meets the allowable condition.
- the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other.
- prevention of precipitation does not completely prevent precipitation but means that at least precipitation falls within an allowable range.
- the BMS 6 determines the relationship between the maximum voltage value and maximum current value allowed in the charging side battery pack (maximum voltage value and maximum current value that can prevent deposition in the charging side battery pack), and the temperature of the charging side battery pack. It is determined by calculating the allowable circulating power value Pin from the deposition preventing MAP which is the map information shown for each.
- the battery part 1 is comprised by the battery row
- the maximum voltage value allowed in the charging side battery pack is the maximum cell voltage value Vmax which is the maximum cell voltage value among the cell voltage values of the battery cells.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram for explaining the deposition preventing MAP, and shows the relationship between the maximum voltage value and the maximum current value allowed in the charge-side battery pack for each temperature. Specifically, FIG. 3 shows a graph showing the relationship between the maximum voltage value and the maximum current value allowed in the charge-side battery pack when the temperatures are T1 and T2. The horizontal axis is the current value, the vertical axis is the voltage value, and the temperature T1 is higher than the temperature T2. As shown in FIG. 3, the relationship between the maximum voltage value and the maximum current value that can prevent deposition is such that the higher the current flowing through the charging side battery pack, the lower the maximum voltage value that can prevent deposition, The higher the voltage applied to the charging side battery pack, the lower the maximum current value that can prevent precipitation.
- Precipitation prevention MAP shows the relationship shown with a graph as shown in FIG. 3 for every temperature.
- the form of the precipitation preventing MAP is not particularly limited, and the above relationship may be indicated by a table or the like, or the above relationship may be indicated by an equation (approximate equation).
- the BMS 6 When the BMS 6 receives from the master control unit 7 a connection instruction indicating that the battery packs are to be interconnected, the BMS 6 turns on the switch 5 to connect the battery unit 1 to the battery unit of another battery pack. 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other. Master control unit 7 receives battery information from BMS 6 of each of battery packs 101 and 102, and determines whether or not battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other based on the battery information.
- Vp1, R1, and Pin1 the pack voltage value included in the battery information from the battery pack 101
- Vp2, R2, and Pin2 the pack voltage included in the battery information from the battery pack 102
- Vp2, R2, and Pin2 the pack voltage included in the battery information from the battery pack 102
- ), which is a voltage difference between the battery packs 101 and 102, based on the pack voltages Vp1 and Vp2. Then, based on the inter-pack voltage difference ⁇ V, the master control unit 7 estimates an estimated circulating current value that is an estimated value of the circulating current flowing through the battery packs 101 and 102 when the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other. Ic ( ⁇ V / (R1 + R2)) is calculated. Furthermore, the master control unit 7 determines whether or not the estimated circulating current value Ic is smaller than a predetermined withstand current value Ith. The withstand current value Ith is the maximum current value at which the battery packs 101 and 102 are not likely to be damaged by the circulating current.
- the master control part 7 calculates
- One of the specific battery characteristics and the permissible conditions varies depending on the voltage value (specifically, the maximum cell voltage value Vmax) of the charging side battery pack.
- the specific battery characteristic is an estimated value of the electric power supplied to the charging side battery pack by the circulating current generated in the battery packs 101 and 102 when the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other.
- the estimated circulating power Pc is assumed that the charging side battery pack is the battery pack 102.
- the allowable condition is that the allowable circulating power value Pin2 is smaller. Therefore, the master control unit 7 determines whether or not the estimated circulating power Pc is smaller than the allowable circulating power value Pin.
- the master control unit 7 Allow connection.
- the master control unit 7 does not permit the battery packs 101 and 102 to be interconnected.
- the master control unit 7 outputs a connection instruction to each BMS 6 of the battery packs 101 and 102.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the power supply system.
- the following operations are executed during the startup process for starting up the electric device 200.
- the switch 5 is off.
- the device control unit 203 of the electric device 200 outputs a control signal that instructs the master control unit 7 to interconnect the battery packs.
- master control unit 7 receives the control signal
- master control unit 7 outputs an operation instruction to each BMS 6 of battery packs 101 and 102.
- the BMS 6 receives the operation instruction
- the BMS 6 performs the following operation.
- the following steps S1 to S5 and S12 are executed by the BMS 6 of each of the battery packs 101 and 102, and the processes of steps S6 to S11 are executed by the master control unit 7.
- the BMS 6 receives a voltage detection signal and a temperature detection signal from each of the voltmeter 3 and the thermometer 4, and based on the cell voltage value and the cell temperature indicated by the voltage detection signal and the temperature detection signal, the BMS 6 The pack temperature T is detected (step S1). At this time, the BMS 6 detects the sum of the cell voltage values as the pack voltage value Vp, and detects the representative value of the cell temperature as the pack temperature T.
- the representative value may be a statistical value such as an average value, a median value, a maximum value or a minimum value, or may be a cell temperature of a specific battery cell 1a.
- the specific battery cell 1a is, for example, the battery cell 1a having the highest cell voltage value.
- the thermometer 4 may measure the temperature of the predetermined position in a battery pack instead of measuring the cell temperature of the battery cell 1a. In this case, the BMS 6 uses the temperature measured by the thermometer 4 as it is as the pack temperature T.
- the BMS 6 estimates the internal resistance value R of the battery pack based on the pack temperature T (step S2). For example, the BMS 6 stores in advance a table indicating the relationship between the pack temperature T and the internal resistance value R, and estimates the internal resistance value R based on the pack temperature T and the table. If there is no problem even if it is considered that the internal resistance value does not depend on the pack temperature T, the BMS 6 may use a predetermined value as the internal resistance value R. Thereafter, the BMS 6 acquires the largest value from among the cell voltage values as the maximum cell voltage value Vmax (step S3).
- the BMS 6 calculates the allowable circulating power value Pin based on the pack temperature T, the maximum cell voltage value Vmax, and the deposition preventing MAP (step S4). For example, in the example of FIG. 3, the BMS 6 obtains the current value corresponding to the maximum cell voltage value Vmax as the allowable current value Iin in the graph when the temperature is the pack temperature T, and the pack corresponding to the allowable current value Iin.
- An allowable circulating power value Pin ( Vp ⁇ Iin), which is power that can be input to the whole, is obtained by performing a predetermined calculation. In this case, the allowable circulating power value Pin changes according to the maximum cell voltage value Vmax, and as a result, the allowable condition also changes according to the maximum cell voltage value Vmax.
- the BMS 6 When the allowable circulating power value Pin is calculated, the BMS 6 outputs the pack voltage value Vp, the internal resistance value R, and the allowable circulating power value Pin to the master control unit 7 as battery information (step S5).
- Master control unit 7 receives battery information from BMS 6 of each of battery packs 101 and 102.
- the master control unit 7 replaces the battery packs 101 and 102 with a battery pack having a low pack voltage value Vp (here, the battery pack 102) as a charging side battery. Select as a pack.
- the master control unit 7 estimates an estimated circulating power value that is an estimated value of the circulating power supplied to the charging side battery pack 102 by the circulating current based on the estimated circulating current value Ic and the internal resistance value R2 of the charging side battery pack 102.
- the master control unit 7 determines whether or not the estimated circulating power value Pc is smaller than the allowable circulating power value Pin2 included in the battery information (step S10).
- the master control unit 7 determines that the interconnection of the battery packs 101 and 102 is not permitted, and ends the process.
- the master control unit 7 permits the interconnection of the battery packs 101 and 102, and outputs a connection instruction to each BMS 6 of the battery packs 101 and 102. (Step S11).
- the BMS 6 When the BMS 6 receives a connection instruction from the master control unit 7, the BMS 6 connects the battery packs in parallel by turning on the switch 5 and connecting the battery unit 1 to the battery unit of another battery pack (step S12). ), The process is terminated. It may be determined whether or not to permit the interconnection between the battery packs 101 and 102 based on not only the above operation but also other conditions as necessary. In this case, when the estimated circulating current value Ic is smaller than the withstand current value Ith, the estimated circulating power Pc is smaller than the allowable circulating power value Pin, and other conditions are satisfied, the battery packs 101 and 102 Interconnection will be allowed. When there are three or more battery packs, the master control unit 7 performs the above processing for each battery pack, and connects the battery packs that are permitted to be connected to the battery pack 101 that is the master battery pack.
- the allowable condition for determining whether or not the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other changes according to the voltage value of the battery pack 102 that is the charging side battery pack. Therefore, it is possible to determine whether or not the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel with each other in consideration of precipitation. Therefore, it becomes possible to suppress the performance deterioration of the battery due to deposition. More specifically, according to this embodiment, when the relays 5 of all the battery packs 101 and 102 are turned on from the state in which all the relays 5 are turned off, the battery performance due to Li deposition that can be generated by the circulating current.
- the master control unit 7 determines the charging side battery pack based on the total voltage Vp which is the battery information of the battery unit from each battery pack. Based on the resistance R, the voltage difference ⁇ V, and the total voltage Vp, which are battery information, an estimated circulating power value Pc (battery characteristics) relating to the charging side battery pack is calculated.
- an allowable circulating power value Pin2 (allowable condition) related to the charging side battery pack is calculated, and estimated as an allowable circulating power Pin2.
- the circulating power value Pc is compared to determine whether to connect in parallel. When it is determined to connect in parallel, the relay 5a of each battery pack is turned on.
- the relationship between the current and voltage is such that the current decreases as the voltage information (Vmax) increases. As described above, the larger the voltage value Vmax of the maximum voltage cell in the charging-side battery pack that affects the deposition, the smaller the allowable current value Iin, and thus the allowable circulating power value Pin2.
- the relay 5 is turned on when the estimated circulating power value Pc is smaller than the allowable circulating power value Pin2 related to the charging side battery pack.
- the larger the Vmax the smaller the allowable circulating power value Pin2 becomes, and thus the estimated circulating power value Pc further increases.
- the relay 5 is not turned on unless the value becomes small.
- the relay since the estimated circulating power value Pc depends on the temperature, the relay is not turned on until the temperature becomes high, so that it is possible to suppress battery performance deterioration due to deposition.
- the configuration of the power supply system is the same as the configuration in the first embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, but for determining whether or not the interconnection of the battery packs 101 and 102 is permitted. Specific battery characteristics are different from those of the first embodiment.
- the master control unit 7 determines, as the specific battery characteristics of the charging side battery pack 102, the battery cells in the charging side battery pack when the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected to each other in parallel. An estimated value of the maximum value of each voltage value is calculated.
- the master control unit 7 is first applied to each battery cell 1a included in the charging side battery pack 102.
- the estimated value of the voltage (the voltage applied to the battery cell 1a separately from the OCV (Open-circuit voltage)) of the battery cell 1a is calculated, and the battery cell of the charge side battery pack 102 is calculated as the estimated value.
- the maximum voltage value among the voltage values (OCV) of 1a is added to calculate an estimated value of the maximum value among the voltages of the battery cells 1a.
- the estimated value of the maximum value is referred to as an estimated maximum cell voltage Vc at the time of parallel connection.
- the estimated maximum cell voltage Vc at the time of parallel connection which is a specific battery characteristic, changes according to the voltage value (maximum cell voltage value Vmax2) of the charging side battery pack 102.
- the allowable condition is that the estimated maximum cell voltage Vc during parallel connection is smaller than the allowable deposition voltage value Vs.
- the allowable deposition voltage value Vs is a permissible value of the voltage applied to each cell included in the pack by the voltage applied to the charging side battery pack when the battery packs 101 and 102 are connected in parallel to each other.
- the deposition allowable voltage value Vs is an allowable voltage applied to one battery cell 1a of the charging side battery pack 102. Value.
- the allowable deposition voltage value Vs is calculated by the master control unit 7.
- FIG. 5 is a flowchart for explaining the operation of the power supply system of this embodiment.
- steps S1 to S3 described with reference to FIG. 4 are executed.
- each BMS 6 of the battery packs 101 and 102 outputs the pack voltage value Vp, the internal resistance value R, the pack temperature T, and the maximum cell voltage value Vmax to the master controller 7 as battery information (step S5a).
- master control unit 7 receives battery information from each of battery packs 101 and 102, and executes steps S6 to S8 described with reference to FIG.
- step S8 when the estimated circulating current value Ic is larger than the withstand current value Ith, the master control unit 7 determines that the mutual connection of the battery packs 101 and 102 is not permitted, and ends the process.
- the master control unit 7 uses the battery pack (in this case, the battery pack 102) having a low pack voltage Vp as the charging side battery pack among the battery packs 101 and 102. select.
- the master control unit 7 calculates a deposition allowable voltage value Vs, which is an allowable voltage value per battery cell 1a, based on the estimated circulating current value Ic, the pack temperature T, and the deposition prevention MAP (FIG. 3) ( Step S9a).
- the master control unit 7 calculates a voltage value corresponding to the estimated circulating current value Ic as the deposition allowable voltage value Vs in the graph when the temperature is the pack temperature T.
- the master control unit 7 determines whether or not the estimated maximum cell voltage Vc at the time of parallel connection is smaller than the allowable deposition voltage value Vs (step S10a).
- the master control unit 7 determines that the interconnection of the battery packs 101 and 102 is not permitted, and ends the process.
- the master control unit 7 executes Step S11. Thereafter, step S12 is executed.
- the estimated maximum cell voltage Vc at the time of parallel connection which is a specific battery characteristic, changes according to the voltage value (maximum cell voltage value Vmax2) of the charging-side battery pack 102, thereby suppressing battery performance deterioration due to deposition. It becomes possible to do. More specifically, according to this embodiment, when the relays 5 of all the battery packs 101 and 102 are turned on from the state in which all the relays 5 are turned off, the battery performance due to Li deposition that can be generated by the circulating current.
- the master control unit 7 determines the charging side battery pack based on the pack voltage value Vp which is the battery information of the battery unit from each battery pack, Based on the battery information Vmax, the maximum cell voltage Vc (battery characteristics) relating to the charging side battery pack is calculated.
- the deposition allowable voltage value Vs for the charging side battery pack is calculated, and the maximum cell voltage Vc and the deposition allowable voltage value are calculated.
- Vs is compared to determine whether or not to connect in parallel, and when it is determined to connect in parallel, the relay 5a of each battery pack is turned on.
- Vc increases as the voltage value Vmax of the maximum voltage cell in the charge-side battery pack that affects lithium deposition increases.
- the relay 5 is turned on when Vc is smaller than Vs.
- Vc increases as Vmax increases, the relay 5 becomes difficult to turn on. Therefore, no current flows and precipitation can be suppressed.
- the relay allowable voltage value Vs that depends on the temperature does not turn on the relay until the temperature rises, so that it is possible to suppress battery performance deterioration due to deposition.
- the determination unit that determines whether or not the interconnection of the battery packs 101 and 102 is permitted is provided in the master battery pack 101 as the master control unit 7.
- the battery pack 101 may be provided outside.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating a configuration of the power supply system of the present embodiment. 6 is different from the power supply system shown in FIG. 1 in that an integrated control unit 8 is further provided. Further, the battery pack 101 does not include the master control unit 7.
- the integrated control unit 8 is a determination unit that determines whether or not the interconnection of the battery packs 101 and 102 is permitted, and has the function of the master control unit 7 illustrated in FIG.
- the BMS 6 of the battery packs 101 and 102 outputs battery information to the integrated control unit 8 instead of the master control unit 7. Since the operation of the integrated control unit 8 is the same as the operation of the master control unit 7 described in the first and second embodiments, detailed description thereof is omitted.
- connection circuit 202 may not be provided (may be directly connected).
- the load / regenerative device 201 is also in the standby state, so even if there is no connection circuit 202 (even if it is directly connected), If there is a voltage difference between the two, a circulating current can occur.
- the voltage value of the charging side battery pack is the voltage value of the unit battery and the charging side battery pack Of these, the maximum voltage value is preferable.
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Abstract
Description
これに対して特許文献1には、電池パックの電圧差が一定値以下のときだけ、電池パックを互いに並列に接続することで、電池パックの故障を軽減する電池モジュールが開示されている。
特許文献1に記載の技術では、各電池パックの電圧差については考慮されているが、析出の発生に関する記載はなく、析出の発生に関わる電池パックの電圧値についても考慮されていない。このため、析出による電池の性能劣化を抑制することができないという問題がある。
図1は、第1の実施形態の電源システムの構成を示す図である。図1に示す電源システム100は、電気機器200と接続され、電気機器200の動力源として機能する。電気機器200は、特に限定されないが、例えば、ハイブリッド自動車や電気自動車などである。なお、電源システム100は電気機器200に搭載されてもよい。
電気機器200は、負荷・回生機器201と、接続回路202と、機器制御部203とを備える。負荷・回生機器201は、電源システム100の負荷として機能するとともに、電源システム100に対して回生エネルギーを供給する回生機器としても機能する。接続回路202は、電源システム100と負荷・回生機器201との接続状態を切り替える。
電源システム100は、複数の電池パックを含む。電池パックのいずれかは、他の電池パックを制御するマスタ(Master)電池パックとして機能し、他の電池パックがマスタ電池パックに制御されるスレイブ(Slave)電池パックとして機能する。図1では、複数の電池パックのうち、2つの電池パック101および102が示されている。電池パック101はマスタ電池パックであり、電池パック102はスレイブ電池パックである。
また、電池セル1aの数は、全ての電池パックで同一でもよい。本実施形態では、電池セル1aの数は、全ての電池パックで同一であり、以下では、nとする。また、電池部1は、複数の電池セルを直列に接続した電池列の例に限らず、例えば、複数の単位電池を直列に接続したものであれば、単位電池は本実施形態のように1つの電池セルであってもよいし、または並列に接続された複数の電池セルにより構成される単位電池でも利用できる。
スイッチ5は、電池部1と他の電池パックの電池部1および電気機器200との接続を切り替える。各電池パックを並列接続する場合は、各電池パック101,102のスイッチ5は全てオン(導通)とし、各電池パックによる並列接続を停止する場合は、全てをオフとする。図2の例では、概念的に示しているが、例えば、図1に示したように電池部1を挟む2つのリレー5aなどで構成される。
電池情報は、本実施形態では、電池部1の電圧値であるパック電圧値Vp、電池部1の内部抵抗値Rであり、許容値は、循環電流にて充電側電池パックに供給される電力である循環電力の許容値である許容循環電力値Pinである。内部抵抗値は、電池部1の温度であるパック温度Tに応じて異なる。
BMS6は、充電側電池パックにおいて許容される最大の電圧値および最大の電流値(充電側電池パックにおいて析出を防止できる最大の電圧値および最大の電流値)の関係を、充電側電池パックの温度ごとに示すマップ情報である析出防止MAPから、許容循環電力値Pinを算出することによって定められる。なお、本実施形態のように電池部1が複数の電池セル1aからなる電池列で構成される場合、析出が最も発生しやすい電池セルは、その電池列の中で最大の電圧値を有する電池セルとなる。このため、充電側電池パックにおいて許容される最大の電圧値は、電池セルのセル電圧値のうち最大のセル電圧値である最大セル電圧値Vmaxとなる。
図3に示されたように、析出を防止できる最大の電圧値および最大の電流値の関係は、充電側電池パックに流れる電流が高いほど、析出を防止できる最大の電圧値は低くなり、また、充電側電池パックに印加される電圧が高いほど、析出を防止できる最大の電流値は低くなる。また、温度が高くなるほど、析出を防止できる最大の電圧値および最大の電流値は低くなる。析出防止MAPは、図3に示したようなグラフで示される関係を温度ごとに示す。析出防止MAPの形式は特に限定されず、上記の関係をテーブルなどで示してもよいし、上記の関係を数式(近似式)などで示してもよい。
マスタ制御部7は、電池パック101および102のそれぞれのBMS6から電池情報を受け付け、それらの電池情報に基づいて、電池パック101および102を互いに並列に接続するか否かを判定する。
本実施形態では、特定の電池特性は、電池パック101および102が互いに並列に接続した際に、電池パック101および102に生じる循環電流にて充電側電池パックに供給される電力の推定値である、推定循環電力Pcである。以下では、充電側電池パックは電池パック102であるとする。この場合、推定循環電力Pcは、Pc=Ic2×R2から算出される。また、許容条件は、許容循環電力値Pin2よりも小さいことである。したがって、マスタ制御部7は、推定循環電力Pcが許容循環電力値Pinよりも小さいか否かを判定する。
電池パック101および102の相互接続を許可する場合、マスタ制御部7は、電池パック101および102のそれぞれのBMS6に接続指示を出力する。
起動処理では、電気機器200の機器制御部203は、マスタ制御部7に対して、電池パックの相互接続を指示する制御信号を出力する。マスタ制御部7は、その制御信号を受け付けると、動作指示を電池パック101および102のそれぞれのBMS6に出力する。BMS6は、動作指示を受け付けると、以下の動作を実行する。なお、以下のステップS1~S5、S12の処理は、電池パック101および102のそれぞれのBMS6にて実行され、ステップS6~S11の処理はマスタ制御部7にて実行される。
代表値は、平均値、中央値、最大値または最小値などの統計値でもよいし、特定の電池セル1aのセル温度でもよい。特定の電池セル1aは、例えば、セル電圧値が最も高い電池セル1aである。また、温度計4は電池セル1aのセル温度を測定する代わりに、電池パック内の所定の位置の温度を測定するものでもよい。この場合、BMS6は、温度計4で測定された温度をそのままパック温度Tとして用いる。
その後、BMS6は、セル電圧値の中から最も大きい値を最大セル電圧値Vmaxとして取得する(ステップS3)。
マスタ制御部7は、電池パック101および102のそれぞれのBMS6から電池情報を受け付ける。マスタ制御部7は、電池情報に含まれるパック電圧値Vp1およびVp2に基づいて、パック間電圧差ΔV(=|Vp1-Vp2|)を算出する(ステップS6)。
推定循環電流値Icが耐電流値Ith以上の場合、マスタ制御部7は、電池パック101および102の相互接続を許可しないと判定して、処理を終了する。一方、推定循環電流値Icが耐電流値Ithよりも小さい場合、マスタ制御部7は、電池パック101および102のうちパック電圧値Vpが低い電池パック(ここでは、電池パック102)を充電側電池パックとして選択する。そしてマスタ制御部7は、推定循環電流値Icおよび充電側電池パック102の内部抵抗値R2に基づいて、循環電流により充電側電池パック102に供給される循環電力の推定値である推定循環電力値Pc(=Ic2×R2)を算出する(ステップS9)。
なお、上記の動作だけでなく、必要に応じて他の条件に基づいて、電池パック101および102間の相互接続を許可するか否かが判定されてもよい。この場合、推定循環電流値Icが耐電流値Ithよりも小さく、かつ、推定循環電力Pcが許容循環電力値Pinよりも小さく、さらに、他の条件が満たされる場合に、電池パック101および102の相互接続が許可されることとなる。また、電池パックが3つ以上ある場合、マスタ制御部7は、電池パックごとに上記の処理を行い、接続を許可した電池パックをマスタ電池パックである電池パック101にそれぞれ接続する。
更に詳細に説明すると、本実施形態によれば、リレー5が全てオフの状態から、各電池パック101,102のリレー5をオン状態にした際に、循環電流によって生じ得るLi析出による電池の性能劣化を抑制すると共に大きな循環電流によるリレー故障を抑制するため、マスタ制御部7にて、各電池パックからの電池部の電池情報である総電圧Vpに基づいて充電側電池パックを判定し、また電池情報である抵抗R、電圧差ΔV、総電圧Vpに基づいて、充電側電池パックに関する推定循環電力値Pc(電池特性)を算出する。
このように、析出に影響する充電側電池パックのうちの最大電圧のセルの電圧値Vmaxが大きいほど、許容電流値Iinは小さくなり、ひいては許容循環電力値Pin2が小さくなる。従って、推定循環電力値Pcが充電側電池パックに関する許容循環電力値Pin2より小さい場合にリレー5をオンするが、Vmaxが大きいほど許容循環電力値Pin2は小さくなるので、推定循環電力値Pcは更に小さな値にならないとリレー5はオンしない。その結果、推定循環電力値Pcは温度に依存するため、温度が高くなるまではリレーをオンしないので、析出による電池の性能劣化を抑制することが可能になる。
本実施形態では、電源システムの構成は図1および図2で示した第1の実施形態における構成と同じであるが、電池パック101および102の相互接続を許可するか否かを判断するための特定の電池特性が第1の実施形態とは異なる。
具体的には、本実施形態では、マスタ制御部7は、充電側電池パック102の特定の電池特性として、電池パック101および102を互いに並列に接続した際に充電側電池パック内の電池セルのそれぞれの電圧値のうちの最大値の推定値を算出する。本実施形態のように電池部1が複数の電池セル1aからなる電池列で構成される場合、マスタ制御部7は、先ず、充電側電池パック102に含まれる電池セル1a一つあたりに印加される電圧(電池セル1aのOCV(Open-circuit voltage:開回路電圧)とは別に電池セル1aに印加される電圧)の推定値を計算し、その推定値に、充電側電池パック102の電池セル1aの電圧値(OCV)のうち最大の電圧値を加算して、電池セル1aのうちの電圧のうちの最大値の推定値を算出する。以下では、この最大値の推定値を並列接続時推定最大セル電圧Vcと呼ぶ。
また、本実施形態では、許容条件は、並列接続時推定最大セル電圧Vcが析出許容電圧値Vsより小さいことである。析出許容電圧値Vsは、電池パック101および102を互いに並列に接続した際に充電側電池パックに印加される電圧によってパック内に含まれるセル一つ当たりに印加される電圧の許容値である。本実施形態のように電池部1が複数の電池セル1aからなる電池列で構成される場合、析出許容電圧値Vsは、充電側電池パック102の1つ電池セル1aに印加される電圧の許容値となる。なお、析出許容電圧値Vsは、マスタ制御部7にて算出される。
そして、マスタ制御部7は、推定循環電流値Icとパック温度Tと、析出防止MAP(図3)とに基づいて、電池セル1a当りの許容電圧値である析出許容電圧値Vsを算出する(ステップS9a)。例えば、図3の例の場合、マスタ制御部7は、温度がパック温度Tの時のグラフにおいて、推定循環電流値Icに対応する電圧値を析出許容電圧値Vsとして算出する。
なお、充電側電池パック102の電池セル1aの数nは、マスタ制御部7に記憶されていてもよいし、充電側電池パック102のBMS6が電池情報としてマスタ制御部7に通知してもよい。
本実施形態では、特定の電池特性である並列接続時推定最大セル電圧Vcが充電側電池パック102の電圧値(最大セル電圧値Vmax2)に応じて変化するため、析出による電池の性能劣化を抑制することが可能になる。更に詳細に説明すると、本実施形態によれば、リレー5が全てオフの状態から、各電池パック101,102のリレー5をオン状態にした際に、循環電流によって生じ得るLi析出による電池の性能劣化を抑制すると共に大きな循環電流によるリレー故障を抑制するため、マスタ制御部7にて、各電池パックからの電池部の電池情報であるパック電圧値Vpに基づいて充電側電池パックを判定し、電池情報であるVmaxに基づいて、充電側電池パックに関する最大セル電圧Vc (電池特性)を算出する。
第1および第2の実施形態では、電池パック101および102の相互接続を許可するか否かを判定する判定部は、マスタ制御部7としてマスタの電池パック101に備わっていたが、判定部は電池パック101の外に設けられていてもよい。
図6は、本実施形態の電源システムの構成を示す図である。図6では、図1に示した電源システムと比較して、統合制御部8をさらに備えている点で異なる。また、電池パック101にはマスタ制御部7は備わっていない。
統合制御部8は、電池パック101および102の相互接続を許可するか否かを判定する判定部であり、図2に示したマスタ制御部7の機能を有している。本実施形態では、電池パック101および102のBMS6は、電池情報をマスタ制御部7の代わりに統合制御部8に出力する。統合制御部8の動作は、第1および第2の実施形態で説明したマスタ制御部7の動作と同様なので詳細な説明は省略する。
1a 電池セル
2 電流計
3 電圧計
4 温度計
5 スイッチ
5a リレー
6 BMS
7 マスタ制御部
8 統合制御部
100 電源システム
101、102 電池パック
200 電気機器
201 負荷・回生機器
202 接続回路
203 機器制御部
Claims (4)
- 複数の電池パックを備えた電源システムであって、
並列に接続するか否かを判定する少なくとも2つの前記電池パックのうち電圧値の最も低い電池パックである充電側電池パックに関する特定の電池特性を算出する算出手段と、前記電池特性と許容値とを比較して、前記電池パックを並列に接続するか否かを判定する判定手段と、を含み、
前記電池特性または前記許容値の一方が、前記充電側電池パックの電圧値に応じて変化することを特徴とする電源システム。 - 前記充電側電池パックの電圧値が高いほど前記電池特性値を高くするまたは前記許容値を低くする請求項1に記載の電源システム。
- 前記電池パックは、充放電可能な電池列と、該電池列に直列に設けられ電池パック間を並列接続するリレーと、前記電池列の状態を検出する検出手段と、を備え、
前記電池列は、複数の単位電池を直列に接続したものであり、
前記単位電池は、1つの電池セルまたは並列に接続された複数の電池セルにより構成されている請求項1または2に記載の電源システム。 - 前記充電側電池パックの電圧値は、前記単位電池の電圧値であって、かつ、当該パック内の最大の電圧値である請求項1から3のいずれか一項に記載の電源システム。
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| EP17853034.1A EP3518382B1 (en) | 2016-09-21 | 2017-09-19 | Power supply system |
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| KR102215350B1 (ko) | 2021-02-15 |
| US10608445B2 (en) | 2020-03-31 |
| JP6664005B2 (ja) | 2020-03-13 |
| CN107863790A (zh) | 2018-03-30 |
| JPWO2018056262A1 (ja) | 2019-04-25 |
| KR20180122428A (ko) | 2018-11-12 |
| EP3518382B1 (en) | 2022-03-30 |
| EP3518382A4 (en) | 2020-04-01 |
| US20190123568A1 (en) | 2019-04-25 |
| EP3518382A1 (en) | 2019-07-31 |
| CN107863790B (zh) | 2022-02-11 |
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