WO2017221727A1 - 蓄熱シート - Google Patents
蓄熱シート Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017221727A1 WO2017221727A1 PCT/JP2017/021284 JP2017021284W WO2017221727A1 WO 2017221727 A1 WO2017221727 A1 WO 2017221727A1 JP 2017021284 W JP2017021284 W JP 2017021284W WO 2017221727 A1 WO2017221727 A1 WO 2017221727A1
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- Prior art keywords
- heat storage
- plasticizer
- sheet
- resin
- mass
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/15—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring
- C08K5/151—Heterocyclic compounds having oxygen in the ring having one oxygen atom in the ring
- C08K5/1515—Three-membered rings
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D20/02—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat
- F28D20/023—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00 using latent heat the latent heat storage material being enclosed in granular particles or dispersed in a porous, fibrous or cellular structure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
- C09K5/063—Materials absorbing or liberating heat during crystallisation; Heat storage materials
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
- C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
- C08J5/18—Manufacture of films or sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/0008—Organic ingredients according to more than one of the "one dot" groups of C08K5/01 - C08K5/59
- C08K5/0016—Plasticisers
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K9/00—Use of pretreated ingredients
- C08K9/10—Encapsulated ingredients
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L27/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
- C08L27/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C08L27/04—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing chlorine atoms
- C08L27/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinyl chloride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/06—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to solid or vice versa
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/08—Materials not undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/14—Solid materials, e.g. powdery or granular
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F28—HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
- F28D—HEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
- F28D20/00—Heat storage plants or apparatus in general; Regenerative heat-exchange apparatus not covered by groups F28D17/00 or F28D19/00
- F28D2020/0004—Particular heat storage apparatus
- F28D2020/0017—Particular heat storage apparatus the heat storage material being enclosed in porous or cellular or fibrous structures
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/14—Thermal energy storage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a heat storage sheet capable of maintaining an appropriate temperature and saving energy according to various usage modes.
- a material obtained by mixing a gypsum board encapsulating a latent heat storage material is disclosed (see Patent Document 1). Further, as a material using a flexible material, a heat storage thermoplastic resin sheet (see Patent Document 2) containing a heat storage material in a thermoplastic resin is disclosed.
- JP 2003-284939 A Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 2009-5016
- the material in which the latent heat storage material is mixed in the above-mentioned gypsum board is used for the wall surface or the like, thereby increasing the heat capacity of the wall surface or the like to save energy.
- the material is poor in flexibility and handleability and has limited usage. Moreover, adjustment to arbitrary thickness and cutting were difficult, and the handleability was poor.
- the sheet using the above thermoplastic resin has flexibility by using the thermoplastic resin, but in order to impart high heat storage property, it is necessary to fill a large amount of heat storage material, and the sheet is brittle. In some cases, cracking may occur during processing or conveyance. In particular, in order to realize a useful heat storage performance in a living space or the like, it is required to increase the thickness of the heat storage sheet. However, when the thickness is increased, there is a problem that the workability and the handleability deteriorate more significantly.
- the problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a heat storage sheet that has good heat storage properties and is less likely to crack during processing and transportation.
- the present invention is a heat storage sheet in which a heat storage material is dispersed in a resin matrix, the tensile strength measured according to JIS K6251 is 0.1 MPa or more, and the elongation at the time of tensile break is 10% or more.
- the said subject is solved with a thermal storage sheet
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention is a heat storage sheet in which a heat storage material is dispersed in a resin matrix
- the heat storage sheet has flexibility such as easy cutting, and has a tensile strength of 0.1 MPa or more and an elongation at tensile break of 10 %, It is not too brittle and causes a certain elongation, so that cracking can be suitably suppressed during processing and transportation.
- Such a heat storage sheet of the present invention is easy to process and convey even when it is a thick film flexible heat storage sheet, so that it can be used for wall materials and wallpaper in living spaces such as houses, automobiles, trains, aircraft, agriculture It is required to save energy, such as materials applied to heat generating parts such as indoors such as houses, refrigerators in refrigerators and refrigerators, refrigerators in aircraft, and aircraft storage, and CPUs and storage batteries of personal computers. It can be usefully applied to various uses.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention is a heat storage sheet in which a heat storage material is dispersed in a resin matrix, the tensile strength measured according to JIS K6251 is 0.1 MPa or more, and the elongation at tensile break is 10% or more. This is a heat storage sheet.
- thermoplastic resin As the resin used for the resin matrix, various resins such as a thermoplastic resin, a thermosetting resin, and an ultraviolet curable resin can be used. Among these, a thermoplastic resin can be preferably used because it is easy to form a coating film. Vinyl chloride resin, acrylic resin, urethane resin, olefin resin, ethylene vinyl acetate copolymer, styrene / butadiene resin, polystyrene resin, polybutadiene resin, polyester resin, polyamide resin, polyimide resin, polycarbonate Examples of the resin include 1,2-polybutadiene resin, polycarbonate resin, and polyimide resin. Among these, it is preferable to use a vinyl chloride resin because it is easy to obtain moldability at low temperatures and dispersibility of the heat storage material.
- the vinyl sol coating liquid is a paste-like coating liquid in which a heat storage material is dispersed and suspended in a resin composition containing vinyl chloride resin particles and a plasticizer.
- the average particle diameter of the vinyl chloride resin particles is preferably 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the particles may be dispersed directly or may be dispersed in a state of being aggregated into spherical secondary particles as the primary particles. Further, particles having different particle diameters may be mixed to have two or more particle size distribution peaks.
- the particle diameter can be measured by a laser method or the like.
- the shape of the vinyl chloride resin particles used in the vinyl sol coating solution is preferably a substantially spherical shape because it is easy to obtain suitable fluidity and the change in aging viscosity is small.
- the vinyl chloride resin particles those produced by emulsion polymerization or suspension polymerization are preferable because they can easily obtain a spherical shape and can easily control the particle size distribution.
- the polymerization degree of the vinyl chloride resin used is preferably 500 to 4000, more preferably 600 to 2000.
- vinyl chloride resin particles used in the present invention commercially available vinyl chloride resin particles can be used as appropriate.
- ZEST PQ83, PWLT, PQ92, P24Z manufactured by Shin-Daiichi PVC Co., Ltd. PSL- manufactured by Kaneka Corporation 675, 685 and the like.
- the content of the thermoplastic resin is preferably 10 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, More preferably, it is ⁇ 60% by mass.
- the resin matrix in the sheet can be suitably formed, and it becomes easy to adjust the tensile strength and elongation at the time of tensile break to the range of the present invention, thereby forming a sheet having flexibility and toughness. It becomes easy.
- thermoplastic resin When a thermoplastic resin is used as the resin used in the heat storage sheet of the present invention, it is preferable to use a plasticizer in combination because it is easy to ensure good coatability and film formability.
- the plasticizer include epoxy plasticizer, methacrylate plasticizer, polyester plasticizer, polyetherester plasticizer, aliphatic diester plasticizer, trimellitic acid plasticizer, adipic acid plasticizer, and benzoic acid.
- a plasticizer, a phthalic acid plasticizer, and the like can be used as appropriate. Two or more kinds of plasticizers may be appropriately mixed and used.
- a non-phthalic plasticizer other than the phthalic plasticizer, which may cause adverse effects on the human body.
- plasticizers various commercially available plasticizers can be used as appropriate.
- an epoxy plasticizer DIC Monosizer W-150; Shin Nippon Rika Co., Ltd. Sansosizer E-PS, E-PO E-4030, E-6000, E-2000H, E-9000H; ADEKA Adekasizer O-130P, O-180A, D-32, D-55, Kao Kapox S-6, etc.
- polyester plastic As the agent, Polycizer W-2050, W-2310, W-230H manufactured by DIC; Adeka Sizer PN-7160, PN-160, PN-9302, PN-150, PN-170, PN-230, PN manufactured by ADEKA -7230, PN-1010, Mitsubishi Chemical D620, D621, D623, D643, D64 D620N; Kao Corporation HA-5, etc.
- Trimellitic acid plasticizers include DIC Monosizer W-705, ADEKA Adeka Sizer C-9N, Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation TOTM, TOTM-NB, Benzo, etc.
- acid plasticizer include Monosizer PB-3A manufactured by DIC, JP120 manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation, and the like.
- the gelation end temperature is preferably 150 ° C. or lower, more preferably 140 ° C. or lower, further preferably 130 ° C. or lower, further preferably 120 ° C. or lower, It is particularly preferably 110 ° C. or lower.
- the gelation completion temperature can be defined as a temperature at which the light transmittance of the gelled film becomes constant.
- the plasticizer with good low-temperature moldability include epoxy plasticizers, polyester plasticizers, and benzoic acid plasticizers. These plasticizers having good low-temperature moldability are preferable because they can easily obtain the toughness of the resin matrix together with suitable heat storage properties. From the viewpoint of heat resistance and low temperature moldability, epoxy plasticizers and polyester plasticizers can be particularly preferably used.
- the gelation end point temperature is obtained by mixing a vinyl chloride resin for paste (polymerization degree 1700), the above plasticizer and a heat stabilizer (Ca—Zn) at a mass ratio of 100/80 / 1.5.
- a temperature at which the light transmittance is constant by sandwiching between a glass plate and a slide and raising the temperature at a heating rate of 5 ° C./min and observing a change in light transmittance using a hot stage for microscopic observation (Meter 800). Is the gelation end point temperature.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention preferably has a viscosity at 25 ° C. of 1500 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s or less, still more preferably 500 mPa ⁇ s or less, and 300 mPa ⁇ s or less. It is particularly preferred that By setting it as the said range, since the viscosity of a vinyl sol coating liquid can be restrained low, the filling rate of a thermal storage material can be raised. In addition, the conditions of a plasticizer viscosity measurement can be measured in the conditions in the below-mentioned Example.
- the plasticizer used in the present invention preferably has a weight average molecular weight of 200 to 3,000, more preferably 300 to 1,000. By setting it as the said range, since the plasticizer itself is hard to bleed out and the viscosity of the vinyl sol coating liquid can be kept low, the filling rate of the heat storage material can be increased.
- the weight average molecular weight (Mw) is a value in terms of polystyrene based on gel permeation chromatography (hereinafter abbreviated as “GPC”) measurement. The GPC measurement can be performed under the following conditions.
- ⁇ Standard sample monodisperse polystyrene> “A-300” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “A-500” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “A-1000” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “A-2500” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation "A-5000” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-1” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-2” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-4” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-10” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-20” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-40” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-80” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-128” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation “F-288” manufactured by Tosoh Corporation
- the heat storage material used in the present invention is a microcapsule heat storage material containing a heat storage material in the resin outer shell, among these plasticizers, the HSP distance to the heat storage material to be used is 6 or more. It is preferable to use a plasticizer. By using the plasticizer, it is possible to suppress desorption of desorbed components from the heat storage sheet at a high temperature, and it becomes easy to realize suitable heat resistance that hardly causes volume shrinkage even at a high temperature. In a molded article made of a resin composition containing a general thermoplastic resin and a plasticizer that does not contain a heat storage material, large volume shrinkage hardly occurs even at high temperatures.
- the HSP distance between the heat storage material and the plasticizer within the above range, it is possible to suppress the incorporation of the plasticizer that causes a large amount of desorption components at high temperatures into the heat storage material. It becomes easy to suppress the volume shrinkage of the resin, and it becomes easy to realize suitable heat resistance.
- the HSP distance is preferably 7 or more, more preferably 8 or more, because it is easy to obtain suitable heat resistance.
- the upper limit is not particularly limited as long as it is generally used as a plasticizer, but it is preferably 40 or less, more preferably 30 or less because it is easy to obtain suitable compatibility and moldability. More preferably, it is 25 or less.
- the HSP distance is an index representing the solubility between substances using the Hansen solubility parameter (HSP).
- the Hansen solubility parameter represents solubility as a multi-dimensional (typically three-dimensional) vector, and the vector can be represented by a dispersion term, a polar term, and a hydrogen bond term. And the similarity of the said vector is represented as the distance (HSP distance) of a Hansen solubility parameter.
- Hansen solubility parameter numerical values that are helpful in various literatures are presented, and examples include Hansen Solubility Parameters: A User's Handbook (Charles Hansen et al., 2007, 2nd edition).
- Hansen solubility parameters can be calculated based on the chemical structure of a substance using commercially available software such as Hansen Solubility Parameter in Practice (HSPiP). The calculation is performed at a solvent temperature of 25 ° C.
- a plasticizer and a heat storage material for example, when using a heat storage material having an acrylic outer shell, an epoxy plasticizer, a polyester plasticizer, a trimellitic acid plasticizer, or the like can be preferably used. Moreover, when using the thermal storage material which has a melamine type outer shell, an epoxy plasticizer, a polyester plasticizer, a trimellitic acid plasticizer, a benzoic acid plasticizer, etc. can be used preferably. In particular, an epoxy plasticizer is preferable because various properties such as heat resistance are easily obtained.
- the HSP distance between the thermoplastic resin to be used and the plasticizer is preferably 15 or less, and more preferably 12 or less, because the resin matrix of the molded article can be suitably configured.
- the lower limit is not particularly limited, but is preferably 1 or more, more preferably 2 or more, and further preferably 3 or more.
- a plasticizer having a plasticizer absorption amount of 150 parts by mass or less with respect to 100 parts by mass of the heat storage material to be used can be preferably used.
- the absorption amount is preferably 140 parts by mass or less, more preferably 135 parts by mass or less, and still more preferably 130 parts by mass or less because it is easy to obtain suitable heat resistance.
- the absorption amount of the plasticizer is measured according to the oil absorption measurement method of JIS K5101-13-1. Specifically, a heat storage material weighing 1 to 20 g according to the expected absorption amount is placed on a glass plate as a sample, and 4 to 5 drops of plasticizer are gradually added from a burette at a time. Each time, it is kneaded into the sample with a steel pallet knife. This is repeated and dripping is continued until a plasticizer and a sample lump are formed. Thereafter, the solution is repeatedly dripped drop by drop and completely kneaded, and the point at which the paste becomes smooth is set as the end point, and the absorption amount is defined as the absorption amount of the plasticizer. Note that the paste can be spread without cracking or ragging, and can be lightly attached to the measurement plate.
- the content of the plasticizer in the heat storage sheet is preferably 5 to 75% by mass, more preferably 10 to 70% by mass, further preferably 20 to 60% by mass, and 20 to 40% by mass. % Is particularly preferred.
- the content ratio of the plasticizer to the thermoplastic resin is preferably 30 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 120 parts by mass, and more preferably 40 to 40 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin. More preferably, it is 100 parts by mass.
- the heat storage material is not particularly limited as long as it has heat storage properties, and is a latent heat type heat storage material, a sensible heat type heat storage material, a chemical reaction type heat storage material utilizing heat absorption or heat generation associated with a chemical reaction. Can be used. Among these, a latent heat type heat storage material is preferable because it is easy to secure a large amount of energy in a small volume and easily adjust the heat absorption / release temperature.
- latent heat storage material As a latent heat storage material (latent heat storage material), in consideration of problems such as leaching during melting due to phase change and dispersibility when mixed, latent heat such as paraffin in the outer shell made of organic materials etc.
- Encapsulated heat storage particles containing a heat storage material are preferred.
- the HSP distance is calculated based on the HSP of the material used for the outer shell of the heat storage particles.
- the outer shell is not easily embrittled by the plasticizer, and the heat storage material is damaged. Hateful.
- heat storage particles for example, those using an outer shell made of melamine resin, Thermo Memory FP-16, FP-25, FP-27, FP-31, FP-39 manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Industries, Ltd., Miki RIKEN Examples include Riken Resin PMCD-15SP, 25SP, and 32SP manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- Riken Resin PMCD-15SP 25SP, and 32SP manufactured by Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- silica such as Riken Resins LA-15, LA-25, LA-32 manufactured by Miki Riken Kogyo Co., Ltd.
- MicroDS5001X manufactured by BASF , 5040X and the like.
- the particle size of the heat storage particles is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 10 to 1000 ⁇ m, and more preferably 50 to 500 ⁇ m.
- the particle size of the heat storage particles is preferably such that the particle size of the primary particles is within the above range, but the particles with a primary particle size of 1 to 50 ⁇ m, preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m aggregate to form secondary particles. It is also preferable that the heat storage particles have a secondary particle size in the above range.
- Such heat storage particles are easily damaged by pressure and shear. However, according to the configuration of the present invention, the heat storage particles can be suitably prevented from being damaged, and the heat storage material is less likely to leak or leak.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention prevents the heat storage material from leaking out or leaking even when such a latent heat storage material is used. It is easy to suppress suitably.
- the particle diameter of all the heat storage particles used in the heat storage sheet may not be in the above range, and 80% by mass or more of the heat storage particles in the heat storage sheet are preferably heat storage particles in the above range, and 90% by mass or more More preferably, it is particularly preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the latent heat storage material undergoes a phase change at a specific melting point. That is, when the room temperature exceeds the melting point, the phase changes from a solid to a liquid, and when the room temperature falls below the melting point, the phase changes from a liquid to a solid.
- the melting point of the latent heat storage material may be adjusted according to the use mode, and a material exhibiting a solid / liquid phase transition in a temperature range of about ⁇ 20 ° C. to 120 ° C. can be used as appropriate.
- the melting point is set to a temperature suitable for daily life, specifically 10
- a latent heat storage material designed to 35 to 35 ° C, preferably 15 to 30 ° C
- a latent heat storage material having a melting point of about 18 to 28 ° C. for the purpose of maintaining the heating effect in winter.
- the temperature is preferably about 18 to 23 ° C.
- two or more types of latent heat storage materials having different melting point designs may be mixed.
- a latent heat storage material having a melting point of about ⁇ 10 ° C. to 5 ° C. may be used.
- the content of the heat storage material in the heat storage sheet is preferably 10 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass, and still more preferably 30 to 60% by mass.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention can be made a tough heat storage sheet while having flexibility by setting the tensile strength to 0.1 MPa or more, and it is difficult for cracks to occur during processing or transportation. It becomes easy to obtain suitable processability, handling property, conveyance suitability, bending suitability and the like.
- the tensile strength is more preferably 0.3 MPa or more, further preferably 0.6 MPa or more, and particularly preferably 1 MPa or more.
- the upper limit of the tensile strength is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 15 MPa or less, more preferably 10 MPa or less, and particularly preferably 5 MPa or less.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention can suppress the brittleness of the sheet by setting the elongation at the time of tensile break to 10% or more, and even when bending or distortion occurs during processing or transport, And chipping is less likely to occur.
- the elongation at the time of tensile break is more preferably 15% or more, further preferably 20% or more, and particularly preferably 25% or more.
- the upper limit of the elongation is preferably 1000% or less, more preferably 500% or less, and still more preferably 300% or less.
- Tensile strength and elongation at break are measured according to JIS K6251. Specifically, the heat storage sheet is cut into a dumbbell shape No. 2, and an initial distance between marked lines is set to 20 mm to prepare a test piece with two marked lines. This test piece is attached to a tensile tester and pulled at a speed of 200 mm / min to break. At this time, the maximum force until break (N) and the distance between marked lines (mm) at break are measured, and the tensile strength and the elongation at break are calculated by the following formulas.
- the tensile strength TS (MPa) is calculated by the following formula.
- TS F m / Wt
- F m Maximum force (N)
- W Width of parallel part (mm)
- t thickness of parallel part (mm)
- Elongation Eb (%) at the time of tensile fracture is calculated by the following formula.
- E b (L b ⁇ L 0 ) / L 0 ⁇ 100
- L b Distance between marked lines at break (mm)
- L 0 Initial distance between marked lines (mm)
- seat suitably according to a usage condition.
- 100 ⁇ m or more is preferable, 500 ⁇ m or more is more preferable, 1 mm or more is more preferable, and 3 mm or more is particularly preferable because a suitable heat storage effect is easily obtained.
- the upper limit of the thickness is not particularly limited, but it is suitable when the organic heat storage layer is handled alone, such as when the sheet-like organic heat storage layer is formed and then bonded to the inorganic base material. Since it is easy to obtain flexibility and handleability, the molding is preferably performed at 20 mm or less, more preferably 10 mm or less, and further preferably 6 mm or less.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention is a sheet having a thickness of, for example, 500 ⁇ m or more, or even 1 mm or more, cracking and chipping are unlikely to occur during processing and conveyance, and excellent workability and handling can be realized. .
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention can be obtained by applying or applying a coating liquid made of a resin composition containing a resin and a heat storage material, or putting it into a mold having an arbitrary shape, followed by heating or drying.
- a coating liquid made of a resin composition containing a resin and a heat storage material
- the coating film temperature Is a method of forming a heat storage sheet by heating at a temperature of 150 ° C. or less.
- a support having heat resistance at the temperature of the heating process can be used as appropriate.
- stacked with another functional layer and a base material it is good also considering the said other functional layer and base material as a support body.
- resin films used as various process films can be preferably used.
- the resin film include polyester resin films such as a polyethylene terephthalate resin film and a polybutylene terephthalate resin film.
- the thickness of the resin film is not particularly limited, but a resin film having a thickness of about 25 to 100 ⁇ m is easy to handle and obtain.
- the resin film used as the support one having a surface that has been peeled off can be preferably used.
- the release treatment agent used for the release treatment include alkyd resins, urethane resins, olefin resins, and silicone resins.
- a coating machine such as a roll knife coater or a reverse roll coater can be used.
- a method of feeding a vinyl sol coating solution onto a support and forming a coating film having a certain thickness with a doctor knife, a comma coater or the like can be preferably used.
- the obtained coating film can form a sheet by gelation or curing by heating or drying.
- the heating temperature is preferably a temperature at which the coating film temperature is 150 ° C. or lower, more preferably a temperature at 140 ° C. or lower, further preferably a temperature at 130 ° C. or lower, and further preferably a temperature at 120 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time may be appropriately adjusted according to the gelation rate or the like, but may be adjusted in the range of about 10 seconds to 10 minutes.
- the solvent may be removed at the same time in the heating step, but it is also preferable to perform preliminary drying before the heating.
- the heat storage sheet formed as described above can be used as a heat storage sheet by the process of peeling the heat storage sheet from the support.
- the separation may be performed by a suitable method as appropriate.
- stacking when the state laminated
- thermoplastic resin a method of forming a heat storage layer by sol casting using a vinyl sol coating liquid using vinyl chloride resin particles is preferable.
- molding becomes possible, without passing through kneading
- the method can be particularly preferably used because it is easy to suppress destruction of the heat storage material due to heat.
- the content of the vinyl chloride resin is 10 to 80% by mass in the solid content (components other than the solvent) contained in the coating solution. It is preferably 20 to 70% by mass, more preferably 30 to 60% by mass.
- the content of the plasticizer is preferably 30 to 150 parts by mass, more preferably 30 to 120 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the thermoplastic resin contained in the resin composition. More preferably, it is ⁇ 100 parts by mass.
- the content of the heat storage material to be mixed in the coating liquid is preferably 10 to 80% by mass, more preferably 20 to 70% by mass in the solid content contained in the coating liquid, More preferably, it is 30 to 60% by mass.
- a solvent can be appropriately used in the vinyl sol coating solution.
- a solvent used in a sol-cast method of vinyl chloride resin can be used as appropriate, and among them, ketones such as diisobutyl ketone and methyl isobutyl ketone, esters such as butyl acetate, glycol ethers and the like are preferable. It can be illustrated. These solvents are preferable because they slightly swell the resin at room temperature to facilitate dispersion, and also facilitate melting gelation in the heating step. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- a diluting solvent may be used together with the above solvent.
- a solvent that does not dissolve the resin and suppresses the swelling property of the dispersion solvent can be preferably used.
- a diluting solvent for example, paraffinic hydrocarbons, naphthenic hydrocarbons, aromatic hydrocarbons, terpene hydrocarbons and the like can be used.
- the vinyl sol coating liquid it is also preferable to use a heat stabilizer in order to suppress degradation and coloration mainly due to dehydrochlorination reaction of vinyl chloride resin.
- a heat stabilizer for example, a calcium / zinc stabilizer, an octyl tin stabilizer, a barium / zinc stabilizer, or the like can be used.
- the content of the heat stabilizer is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl chloride resin.
- additives such as a thinning agent, a dispersing agent, and an antifoaming agent may be appropriately contained as necessary in addition to the above components.
- the content of these additives is preferably 0.5 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl chloride resin.
- the viscosity at the time of coating of the vinyl sol coating solution may be appropriately adjusted depending on the desired thickness of the sheet, coating conditions, etc., but is preferably 1000 mPa ⁇ s or more because it is easy to obtain good coating suitability. -More than s is more preferable and 5000 mPa * s or more is still more preferable. Further, the upper limit of the viscosity is preferably 70000 mPa ⁇ s or less, more preferably 50000 mPa ⁇ s or less, further preferably 30000 mPa ⁇ s or less, and particularly preferably 25000 mPa ⁇ s or less.
- the coating solution viscosity can be measured with a B-type viscometer.
- the heat storage sheet consisting of the sol-cast film of the vinyl sol coating liquid containing the vinyl chloride resin particles and the heat storage material is free from the destruction of the heat storage material because the heat storage material is not subject to shear or pressure during production. It is difficult for the heat storage material to ooze out while using the. Moreover, while having the thermal storage property by the said thermal storage material, favorable softness
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention is formed into a heat storage laminate by laminating with various functional layers.
- flame retardancy can be imparted by laminating with a non-combustible layer such as a non-combustible paper or a non-combustible base material, which is particularly suitable for application to living spaces.
- heat storage can be more effectively expressed by laminating with a heat diffusion layer or a heat insulating layer.
- a decorative layer and a decoration layer can also be provided.
- non-combustible layer various non-combustible base materials can be used, and quasi-incombustibility and non-combustibility can be imparted by laminating with the non-combustible base material.
- the non-combustible base material include gypsum board, calcium silicate board, flexible board, cement board, and inorganic base materials such as fiber reinforced plates.
- incombustible paper can be used, and a configuration in which the incombustible paper is laminated on one side or both sides of the heat storage sheet of the present invention can be exemplified.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention may be laminated to the non-combustible paper, but a vinyl sol coating liquid that directly forms the heat storage sheet of the present invention is applied on the non-combustible paper, A gelled structure is preferable because it is easy to form.
- the configuration having the non-combustible paper on both sides may be a configuration in which the non-combustible paper is bonded to both sides of the heat storage sheet of the present invention, but the non-combustible paper laminated by applying a vinyl sol coating liquid on the non-combustible paper and gelling. It can form easily by pasting together the heat storage sheet surfaces of a heat storage sheet.
- surfaces or both surfaces can also be used preferably.
- the incombustible paper is not particularly limited as long as it has incombustibility.
- paper in which a flame retardant is applied, impregnated, or internally added can be used.
- the flame retardant include metal hydroxides such as magnesium hydroxide and aluminum hydroxide, basic compounds such as phosphates, borates, and stephamates, glass fibers, and the like.
- the heat diffusion layer When it is applied to a closed space such as a room as a laminated structure of heat diffusion layers, the heat diffusion layer has the effect of uniformizing the heat in the room, and indoors (residential spaces such as houses, cars, trains, Heat from indoors such as airplanes, refrigerators of refrigerated vehicles, closed spaces such as aircraft storage, etc.) can be dispersed and transferred to the heat storage layer with low thermal resistance.
- indoors residential spaces such as houses, cars, trains, Heat from indoors such as airplanes, refrigerators of refrigerated vehicles, closed spaces such as aircraft storage, etc.
- the heat storage particles absorb indoor heat and release the heat into the room, and the indoor temperature environment can be controlled to an appropriate temperature.
- thermal diffusion layer a layer having a high thermal conductivity of 5 to 400 W / m ⁇ K can be preferably used. Due to the high thermal conductivity, locally concentrated heat can be diffused and transmitted to the heat storage layer to improve thermal efficiency and make room temperature uniform.
- Examples of the material for the heat diffusion layer include aluminum, copper, iron, and graphite.
- aluminum can be particularly preferably used.
- the reason why aluminum is preferable is that a heat insulating effect due to reflection of radiant heat is also exhibited.
- the heating efficiency can be improved by a heat insulating effect.
- Examples of the heating appliance mainly using radiant heat include electric floor heating, hot water type floor heating, and an infrared heater.
- flame retardancy can be improved from the viewpoint of disaster prevention.
- an appropriate form such as a layer made of a sheet of the above material or a vapor deposition layer of the above material can be used.
- a vapor deposition layer of the above material for example, an aluminum foil, an aluminum vapor deposition layer, or the like having flexibility is preferably used.
- the layer thickness of the thermal diffusion layer is not particularly limited, but is preferably about 3 to 500 ⁇ m because it is easy to ensure suitable thermal diffusion and handling properties.
- the heat storage layer when the heat storage layer is laminated on the heat storage layer, heat absorption and heat release of the heat storage layer are effectively performed on the indoor side, and the effect of maintaining an appropriate temperature in the room can be particularly suitably exhibited. It is also effective in preventing the outflow of heat in the room or reducing the influence of heat from the outside air.
- the heat storage laminate of the present invention can keep the room at an appropriate temperature by suppressing the temperature change in the room by these combined actions. Further, when an air conditioner such as an air conditioner or refrigeration equipment is used, the energy consumption can be reduced. Thereby, it can contribute to the energy-saving indoors suitably.
- the heat insulating layer a layer having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.1 W / m ⁇ K can be preferably used.
- the said heat insulation layer exhibits the effect which prevents the outflow of the heat
- the heat insulating layer is not particularly limited as long as it can form a layer having a thermal conductivity of less than 0.1 W / m ⁇ K.
- a heat insulating sheet such as a foamed resin sheet or a resin sheet containing a heat insulating material, or extruded Insulating boards such as polystyrene, bead polystyrene, polyethylene foam, urethane foam, and phenol foam can be used as appropriate.
- a heat insulating sheet is easy to ensure workability, it is preferable and it is more preferable that it is a resin sheet containing a heat insulating material since heat conductivity can be reduced.
- a foam sheet is preferable because it is easily available and inexpensive.
- the measured value by a cylindrical mandrel bending tester JIS K 5600 is a mandrel diameter of 2 to 32 mm.
- the heat insulating material used for the heat insulating layer enhances the heat insulating property of the heat storage laminate, and examples thereof include porous silica, porous acrylic, hollow glass beads, vacuum beads, and hollow fibers.
- porous silica porous acrylic
- hollow glass beads hollow glass beads
- vacuum beads hollow fibers.
- porous acrylic can be preferably used as the heat insulating material 5.
- the particle size of the heat insulating material is not limited, but is preferably about 1 to 300 ⁇ m.
- the heat insulating material is mixed into the base resin material to form a sheet.
- the resin material include polyvinyl chloride, polyphenylene sulfide, polypropylene, polyethylene, polyester, or acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin, as described above.
- polyester A-PET, PET-G and the like can be used.
- a self-digestible vinyl chloride resin can be suitably used.
- the sheet is formed by using a molding machine such as extrusion molding or calender molding using a vinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer, and a heat insulating material.
- a molding machine such as extrusion molding or calender molding using a vinyl chloride resin, a plasticizer, and a heat insulating material.
- the content of the heat insulating material in the heat insulating layer is preferably 20% by mass or more in the heat insulating layer, more preferably 20 to 80% by mass, still more preferably 30 to 80% by mass, It is particularly preferably 80 to 80% by mass.
- additives such as a plasticizer and a flame retardant may be blended as necessary.
- the layer thickness of the heat insulating layer is not particularly limited, but as the thickness increases, the heat retaining property in the room increases. In order to maintain the bendability and workability of the sheet, the thickness is preferably about 50 to 3000 ⁇ m.
- the heat storage sheet of the present invention is preferably used mainly as an interior material application on the inner wall, ceiling, floor, etc. of a building, but can also be applied as a clothing material for a window sash frame or an interior material for a vehicle or the like. Moreover, it can be used not only in the walls, floors, and ceilings of buildings but also in rooms such as automobiles, trains, and airplanes. It can also be used as a low-temperature maintenance material for refrigeration equipment and a low-temperature maintenance material for electrical components that generate heat, such as a CPU and storage battery of a personal computer. In addition, a heater such as a planar heating element may be used in combination to develop an energy saving effect due to heat storage.
- Example 1 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl chloride resin particles having a polymerization degree of 900 (ZEST PQ92, manufactured by Shin-Daiichi PVC Co., Ltd.), epoxy plasticizer (Monicizer W-150, manufactured by DIC: viscosity 85 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 121 ° C.) 3 parts by mass, heat stabilizer (Grek ML-538, Showa Varnish Co., Ltd.), 6 parts by mass of a thinning agent (Thickening agent VISCOBYK-5125, BYK Co., Ltd.) and a dispersant (Disperplast- BYK Co., Ltd.) 1150) 3 parts by mass and 60 parts by mass of a latent heat storage material (Micro DS5001X manufactured by BASF, particle size: 100 to 300 ⁇ m, melting point: 26 ° C.) obtained by microencapsulating paraffin with an outer shell made of polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA) resin
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the plasticizer used and the latent heat storage material is 8.88
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the plasticizer and the vinyl chloride resin is 4.6
- the coating liquid immediately after being mixed and homogeneously mixed The viscosity of was 7000 mPa ⁇ s.
- the absorption amount of the plasticizer with respect to 100 mass parts of latent heat storage materials was 129 mass parts. This was applied onto a PET film with an applicator coating machine, heated at a dryer temperature of 150 ° C. for 8 minutes to be gelled, and the PET film was peeled off to form a heat storage sheet having a thickness of 3 mm.
- Example 2 In place of the epoxy plasticizer used in Example 1, a polyester plasticizer (polysizer W-230H manufactured by DIC: viscosity 220 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 136 ° C.) was used, and the same as in Example 1. Thus, a heat storage sheet was formed.
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the used plasticizer and the latent heat storage material is 11.04
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the plasticizer and the vinyl chloride resin is 6.4
- the plasticity with respect to 100 parts by mass of the used latent heat storage material The absorption amount of the agent was 117 parts by mass
- the viscosity of the coating liquid was 8500 mPa ⁇ s.
- Example 3 Example except that benzoic acid plasticizer (manufactured by DIC, monosizer PB-10: viscosity 80 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 100 ° C. or lower) was used instead of the epoxy plasticizer used in Example 1.
- a heat storage sheet was formed.
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the used plasticizer and the latent heat storage material is 4.33
- the absorption amount of the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the used latent heat storage material is 172 parts by mass
- the viscosity of the coating liquid is 8500 mPa ⁇ s. Met.
- Example 4 Instead of 60 parts by mass of the latent heat storage material used in Example 1, a latent heat storage material in which paraffin is microencapsulated using an outer shell made of melamine resin (Thermo Memory FP-25, manufactured by Mitsubishi Paper Industries Co., Ltd .: average particle size 50 ⁇ m) A heat storage sheet was formed in the same manner as in Example 1 except that 80 parts by mass of a melting point of 25 ° C. was used.
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the used plasticizer and the latent heat storage material is 22.30
- the absorption amount of the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the used latent heat storage material is 81 parts by mass
- the viscosity of the coating liquid is 8000 mPa ⁇ s. Met.
- Example 5 Similar to Example 4, except that a polyester plasticizer (DICizer Polycizer W-230H: viscosity 220 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 136 ° C.) was used instead of the epoxy plasticizer used in Example 4. Thus, a heat storage sheet was formed.
- the calculated value of the HSP distance between the used plasticizer and the latent heat storage material is 23.20
- the absorption amount of the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by weight of the used latent heat storage material is 72 parts by mass
- the viscosity of the coating liquid is 12000 mPa ⁇ s. Met.
- Example 6 Example except that a benzoic acid plasticizer (manufactured by DIC, Monosizer PB-10: viscosity 80 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 100 ° C. or lower) was used in place of the epoxy plasticizer used in Example 4. In the same manner as in No. 4, a heat storage sheet was formed. The calculated value of the HSP distance between the used plasticizer and the latent heat storage material is 17.10, the calculated value of the HSP distance between the plasticizer and the vinyl chloride resin is 1.4, and the plasticity for 100 parts by mass of the used latent heat storage material. The absorption amount of the agent was 96 parts by mass, and the viscosity of the coating solution was 8500 mPa ⁇ s.
- a benzoic acid plasticizer manufactured by DIC, Monosizer PB-10: viscosity 80 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 100 ° C. or lower
- Example 1 Example except that instead of the epoxy plasticizer used in Example 1, a trimellitic acid plasticizer (Monicizer W-705 manufactured by DIC: viscosity 220 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 143 ° C.) was used. In the same manner as in No. 1, a heat storage sheet was formed. The calculated value of the HSP distance between the used plasticizer and the latent heat storage material is 9.07, the calculated value of the HSP distance between the plasticizer and the vinyl chloride resin is 4.1, and the plasticizer with respect to 100 parts by mass of the latent heat storage material The absorption amount was 137 parts by mass, and the viscosity of the coating solution was 8500 mPa ⁇ s.
- a trimellitic acid plasticizer (Monicizer W-705 manufactured by DIC: viscosity 220 mPa ⁇ s, gelation end point temperature 143 ° C.) was used.
- a heat storage sheet was formed.
- the evaluation method of the coating liquid used in the above Examples and Comparative Examples and the evaluation method of the obtained heat storage sheet are as follows.
- Measuring device B-type viscometer ("BM type” manufactured by Tokimec Co., Ltd.) Measurement conditions: temperature 25 ° C. 4 rotors, 12 rpm
- ⁇ Plasticizer absorption> The amount of plasticizer absorbed in the heat storage material was measured by the following method according to JIS K5101-13-1. A sample weighed 1 g of the heat storage material was placed on a glass plate, and 4 to 5 drops of plasticizer were gradually added from the burette at a time, and kneaded into the sample with a steel pallet knife. This was repeated until the plasticizer and the sample lump were formed. Thereafter, the solution was repeatedly dripped drop by drop and completely kneaded. The point at which the paste became a smooth hardness was taken as the end point, and the amount absorbed was taken as the amount absorbed by the plasticizer.
- Eb (L b ⁇ L 0 ) / L 0 ⁇ 100
- L b Distance between marked lines at break (mm)
- L 0 Initial distance between marked lines (mm)
- ⁇ Heat storage evaluation> Two test specimens each having a size of 50 mm in width and 50 mm in length were stacked on the sheets prepared in Examples and Comparative Examples, and a thermocouple was sandwiched between the sheets. After keeping the outside air temperature at 35 ° C. for 2 hours in the environmental test machine, the temperature was lowered to 5 ° C. in 50 minutes, and further kept at 5 ° C. for 1 hour. At this time, the time during which the temperature in the sheet was maintained at 28 ° C. to 20 ° C. was measured, and the amount of time for maintaining the appropriate temperature was calculated from the 28 ° C. to 20 ° C. holding time (800 seconds) of the outside air temperature. Appropriate temperature maintenance was evaluated. The evaluation criteria are as follows. ⁇ : Retention time +200 seconds or more ⁇ : Retention time +50 seconds or more and less than 200 seconds ⁇ : Retention time less than +50 seconds
- ⁇ Proper conveyance> The both sides of one side of a sheet cut into a size of 30 cm wide ⁇ 30 cm long were lifted so that the side was linear, and the sheet appearance when held for 30 seconds was evaluated according to the following criteria. ⁇ : The sheet does not crack even after 30 seconds. X: The sheet is cracked.
- the heat storage sheets of Examples 1 to 6 of the present invention can realize suitable heat storage properties, and have excellent cutting workability and transportability that do not cause cracking or chipping during cutting or transporting. It was a thing.
- the heat storage sheets of Examples 1, 3, 4, and 6 had high toughness that did not cause cracking even in a 180 ° bending test.
- the heat storage sheets of Examples 1-2, 4-6 had high heat resistance with a mass change of less than 10% when left in an 80 ° C. environment for 1 week.
- the heat storage sheet of Comparative Example 1 does not cause elongation that breaks immediately after the tensile test, and is inferior in cutting workability and transportability.
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Abstract
Description
樹脂マトリクスに使用する樹脂としては、熱可塑性樹脂、熱硬化性樹脂、紫外線硬化性樹脂等の各種樹脂を使用できる。なかでも、塗膜形成が容易であることから熱可塑性樹脂を好ましく使用できる。塩化ビニル系樹脂、アクリル系樹脂、ウレタン系樹脂、オレフィン系樹脂、エチレン酢酸ビニル共重合、スチレン・ブタジエン系樹脂、ポリスチレン系樹脂、ポリブタジエン系樹脂、ポリエステル系樹脂、ポリアミド系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、1,2-ポリブタジエン系樹脂、ポリカーボネート系樹脂、ポリイミド系樹脂等を例示できる。なかでも、低温下での成形性や蓄熱材の分散性を得やすいことから塩化ビニル系樹脂を使用することが好ましい。
本発明の蓄熱シートに使用する樹脂として熱可塑性樹脂を使用する場合には、良好な塗工性や成膜性を確保しやすいことから、可塑剤を併用することが好ましい。当該可塑剤としては、エポキシ系可塑剤、メタクリレート系可塑剤、ポリエステル系可塑剤、ポリエーテルエステル系可塑剤、脂肪族ジエステル系可塑剤、トリメリット酸系可塑剤、アジピン酸系可塑剤、安息香酸系可塑剤、フタル酸系可塑剤等を適宜使用できる。また、2種類以上の可塑剤を適宜混合して使用しても良い。住宅等の建築材料用途や自動車用途等へ使用する場合には、人体への悪影響が懸念されるフタル酸系可塑剤以外の非フタル酸系可塑剤を使用することが好ましい。
測定装置:東ソー株式会社製ガードカラム「HLC-8330」
カラム:東ソー株式会社製「TSK SuperH-H」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK gel SuperHZM-M」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK gel SuperHZM-M」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK gel SuperHZ-2000」
+東ソー株式会社製「TSK gel SuperHZ-2000」
検出器:RI(示差屈折計)
データ処理:東ソー株式会社製「GPC-8020モデルIIバージョン4.10」
カラム温度:40℃
展開溶媒:テトラヒドロフラン(THF)
流速:0.35mL/分
試料:樹脂固形分換算で1.0質量%のテトラヒドロフラン溶液をマイクロフィルターでろ過したもの(100μl)
標準試料:前記「GPC-8020モデルIIバージョン4.10」の測定マニュアルに準拠して、分子量が既知の下記の単分散ポリスチレンを用いた。
東ソー株式会社製「A-300」
東ソー株式会社製「A-500」
東ソー株式会社製「A-1000」
東ソー株式会社製「A-2500」
東ソー株式会社製「A-5000」
東ソー株式会社製「F-1」
東ソー株式会社製「F-2」
東ソー株式会社製「F-4」
東ソー株式会社製「F-10」
東ソー株式会社製「F-20」
東ソー株式会社製「F-40」
東ソー株式会社製「F-80」
東ソー株式会社製「F-128」
東ソー株式会社製「F-288」
蓄熱材としては、蓄熱性を有するものであれば特に制限されず、潜熱型の蓄熱性材料、顕熱型の蓄熱性材料、化学反応にともなう吸熱や発熱を利用した化学反応型の蓄熱性材料を使用できる。なかでも、潜熱型の蓄熱性材料は、小さい体積で多くのエネルギーを確保しやすく、吸放熱温度を調整しやすいため好ましい。
本発明の蓄熱シートは、引張強さを0.1MPa以上とすることで、柔軟性を有しながらも強靭な蓄熱シートとすることができ、加工時や搬送時等にも割れが生じにく、好適な加工性や取扱い性、搬送適正、曲げ適性等を得やすくなる。引張強さは0.3MPa以上であることがより好ましく、0.6MPa以上であることが更に好ましく、1MPa以上であることが特に好ましい。引張強さの上限は特に制限されるものではないが、15MPa以下程度であることが好ましく、10MPa以下であることがより好ましく、5MPa以下であることが特に好ましい。
TS=Fm/Wt
Fm:最大の力(N)
W:平行部分の幅(mm)
t:平行部分の厚さ(mm)
Eb=(Lb-L0)/L0×100
Lb:破断時の標線間距離(mm)
L0:初期の標線間距離(mm)
本発明の蓄熱シートは、樹脂と蓄熱材とを含有する樹脂組成物からなる塗工液を塗布、あるいは任意の形状の型枠へ投入した後、加熱や乾燥させることで得ることができる。好ましい製造例としては、樹脂と蓄熱材とを含有する樹脂組成物からなる塗工液を調整し、支持体上に当該塗工液を塗布して塗工膜を形成した後、塗工膜温度が150℃以下となる温度で加熱して蓄熱シートを形成する方法である。
本発明の蓄熱シートは、各種の機能層と積層することで蓄熱積層体とすることも好ましい。例えば、不燃紙や不燃基材等の不燃層と積層することで難燃性を付与することができ、居住空間への適用に特に好適である。また、例えば、熱拡散層や断熱層と積層することで、蓄熱性をより効果的に発現することもできる。また、居住空間の内壁等へ適用するために、化粧層や装飾層を設けることもできる。
重合度900のポリ塩化ビニル樹脂粒子(新第一塩ビ社製 ZEST PQ92)100質量部、エポキシ系可塑剤(DIC社製 モノサイザーW-150:粘度85mPa・s、ゲル化終点温度121℃)60質量部、熱安定剤(昭和ワニス社製 グレックML-538)3質量部、その他添加剤として減粘剤(BYK社製 減粘剤VISCOBYK-5125)6質量部及び分散剤(BYK社製 Disperplast-1150)3質量部と、パラフィンをポリメチルメタクリレート(PMMA)樹脂からなる外殻を用いてマイクロカプセル化した潜熱蓄熱材(BASF社製 Micronal DS5001X:粒子径100~300μm、融点26℃)60質量部を配合し、プラスチゾル塗工液を作成した。使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は8.88、可塑剤と塩化ビニル樹脂とのHSP距離の計算値は4.6、配合して均質に混合した直後の塗工液の粘度は7000mPa・sであった。また、潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は129質量部であった。これをPETフィルム上にアプリケーター塗工機にて塗布した後、150℃のドライヤー温度で8分間加熱してゲル化させ、PETフィルムを剥離して、厚さ3mmの蓄熱シートを形成した。
実施例1にて使用したエポキシ系可塑剤に代えて、ポリエステル系可塑剤(DIC社製 ポリサイザーW-230H:粘度220mPa・s、ゲル化終点温度136℃)を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして蓄熱シートを形成した。なお、使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は11.04、可塑剤と塩化ビニル樹脂とのHSP距離の計算値は6.4、使用した潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は117質量部、塗工液の粘度は8500mPa・sであった。
実施例1にて使用したエポキシ系可塑剤に代えて、安息香酸系可塑剤(DIC社製 モノサイザーPB-10:粘度80mPa・s、ゲル化終点温度100℃以下)を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして蓄熱シートを形成した。なお、使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は4.33、使用した潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は172質量部、塗工液の粘度は8500mPa・sであった。
実施例1にて使用した潜熱蓄熱材60質量部に代えて、パラフィンをメラミン樹脂からなる外殻を用いてマイクロカプセル化した潜熱蓄熱材(三菱製紙社製 サーモメモリー FP-25:平均粒子径50μm、融点25℃)を80質量部使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして、蓄熱シートを形成した。なお、使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は22.30、使用した潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は81質量部、塗工液の粘度は8000mPa・sであった。
実施例4にて使用したエポキシ系可塑剤に代えて、ポリエステル系可塑剤(DIC社製 ポリサイザーW-230H:粘度220mPa・s、ゲル化終点温度136℃)を使用した以外は実施例4と同様にして蓄熱シートを形成した。なお、使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は23.20、使用した潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は72質量部、塗工液の粘度は12000mPa・sであった。
実施例4にて使用したエポキシ系可塑剤に代えて、安息香酸系可塑剤(DIC社製 モノサイザーPB-10:粘度80mPa・s、ゲル化終点温度100℃以下)を使用した以外は実施例4と同様にして蓄熱シートを形成した。なお、使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は17.10、可塑剤と塩化ビニル樹脂とのHSP距離の計算値は1.4、使用した潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は96質量部、塗工液の粘度は8500mPa・sであった。
実施例1にて使用したエポキシ系可塑剤に代えて、トリメリット酸系可塑剤(DIC社製 モノサイザーW-705:粘度220mPa・s、ゲル化終点温度143℃)を使用した以外は実施例1と同様にして蓄熱シートを形成した。なお、使用した可塑剤と潜熱蓄熱材とのHSP距離の計算値は9.07、可塑剤と塩化ビニル樹脂とのHSP距離の計算値は4.1、潜熱蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量は137質量部、塗工液の粘度は8500mPa・sであった。
測定装置:B型粘度計(東京計器株式会社製「DVM-B型」)
測定条件:温度25℃、No.2ロータ、30rpm
測定装置:B型粘度計(トキメック株式会社製「BM型」)
測定条件:温度25℃、No.4ロータ、12rpm
蓄熱材への可塑剤の吸収量を、JIS K5101-13-1に準じて以下の方法にて測定した。蓄熱材1gを秤量した試料をガラス板上に設置し、可塑剤をビュレットから一回に4~5滴ずつ徐々に加え、鋼製のパレットナイフで試料に練り込んだ。これを繰り返し、可塑剤及び試料の塊ができるまで滴下を続けた。以後、1滴ずつ滴下して完全に混練するようにして繰り返し、ペーストが滑らかな硬さになったところを終点とし、当該吸収量を可塑剤の吸収量とした。
実施例及び比較例にて作成したシートをダンベル状2号形に切り出し、初期の標線間距離を20mmとして2本の標線をつけた試験片を作成した。この試験片を引張り試験機に取り付け、速度200mm/minで引張って破断させ、破断までの最大の力(N)、及び破断時の標線間距離(mm)を測定し、以下の式により引張り強さと引張り破断時の伸び率を算出した。
TS=Fm/Wt
Fm:最大の力(N)
W:平行部分の幅(mm)
t:平行部分の厚さ(mm)
Eb=(Lb-L0)/L0×100
Lb:破断時の標線間距離(mm)
L0:初期の標線間距離(mm)
実施例及び比較例にて作成したシートを幅50mm×長さ50mmのサイズにした試験体を2枚重ねに積層し、熱伝対をシート中央に挟んで設置した。環境試験機内で外気温を35℃で2時間保持した後、50分間で5℃まで下降させ、さらに1時間5℃を保持した。この際、シート内の温度が28℃~20℃の温度を保持した時間を測定し、外気温の28℃~20℃保持時間(800秒)からどのくらい適温維持時間が延びたかを計算して、適温維持性を評価した。評価基準は以下のとおりである。
◎:保持時間が+200秒以上
○:保持時間が+50秒以上200秒未満
×:保持時間が+50秒未満
実施例及び比較例にて作成したシートを幅50mm×長さ50mmのサイズにし、同サイズの油取り紙を挟んで積層した試験体を、荷重50g/cm2、40℃50%RH環境下で15時間圧着し、シートから染み出した蓄熱材成分について、油取り紙への染みで目視評価した。評価基準は以下の通りである。
○:染みなし
△:部分的に染みあり
×:全面に染みあり
実施例及び比較例にて作成したシートを幅50mm×長さ50mmのサイズにカッターナイフで切断加工し、切断面を観察した。
○:切断面の近傍に割れが生じず、切断面の面荒れや角部の欠けが生じない。
×:切断面近傍に割れが生じる、又は切断面の面荒れや角部の欠けが生じる。
幅30cm×長さ30cmのサイズに切断したシートの一辺の両端を、当該辺が直線状になるように持ち上げ、30秒保持した際のシート外観を下記基準にて評価した。
○:30秒保持後もシートの割れが生じない。
×:シートに割れが生じる。
Claims (8)
- 樹脂マトリクス中に蓄熱材が分散した蓄熱シートであって、
JIS K6251に準じて測定される引張強さが0.1MPa以上であり、引張破断時の伸び率が10%以上であることを特徴とする蓄熱シート。 - 蓄熱材の含有量が10~80質量%である請求項1に記載の蓄熱シート。
- 厚みが1mm以上である請求項1又は2に記載の蓄熱シート。
- 前記蓄熱材が樹脂外殻中に潜熱蓄熱材料を内包するマイクロカプセルである請求項1~3のいずれかに記載の蓄熱シート。
- 前記樹脂マトリクスが熱可塑性樹脂を含有する請求項1~4のいずれかに記載の蓄熱シート。
- 可塑剤を含有する請求項1~5のいずれかに記載の蓄熱シート。
- 前記可塑剤が、蓄熱材100質量部に対する可塑剤の吸収量が30質量部以上、150質量部以下の可塑剤である請求項6に記載の蓄熱シート。
- 前記可塑剤がエポキシ系可塑剤である請求項6又は7に記載の蓄熱シート。
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| JPWO2017221727A1 (ja) | 2018-11-08 |
| KR102297891B1 (ko) | 2021-09-03 |
| CN109071848B (zh) | 2022-02-15 |
| US11340026B2 (en) | 2022-05-24 |
| KR20190022463A (ko) | 2019-03-06 |
| US20190107334A1 (en) | 2019-04-11 |
| CN109071848A (zh) | 2018-12-21 |
| DE112017003147T5 (de) | 2019-03-14 |
| JP6395021B2 (ja) | 2018-09-26 |
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