WO2017141717A1 - 逆浸透膜を用いた水処理システムおよび水処理方法 - Google Patents
逆浸透膜を用いた水処理システムおよび水処理方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017141717A1 WO2017141717A1 PCT/JP2017/003809 JP2017003809W WO2017141717A1 WO 2017141717 A1 WO2017141717 A1 WO 2017141717A1 JP 2017003809 W JP2017003809 W JP 2017003809W WO 2017141717 A1 WO2017141717 A1 WO 2017141717A1
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- reverse osmosis
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
- C02F1/441—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis by reverse osmosis
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/025—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/02—Reverse osmosis; Hyperfiltration ; Nanofiltration
- B01D61/10—Accessories; Auxiliary operations
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D61/00—Processes of separation using semi-permeable membranes, e.g. dialysis, osmosis or ultrafiltration; Apparatus, accessories or auxiliary operations specially adapted therefor
- B01D61/58—Multistep processes
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/20—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by degassing, i.e. liberation of dissolved gases
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/50—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by addition or application of a germicide or by oligodynamic treatment
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/72—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation
- C02F1/76—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by oxidation with halogens or compounds of halogens
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water treatment system and a water treatment method using a reverse osmosis membrane.
- water treatment may be performed using a two-stage reverse osmosis membrane.
- the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane prevents most of the bactericidal agent, so it is necessary to add a bactericidal agent again to prevent slime in the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane.
- a chlorine-based disinfectant is applied to the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane, and an alkali-disinfectant is applied to the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane.
- the apparatus since there are two drug injection points and the amount of the sterilizing agent tends to increase, the apparatus becomes complicated and the operating cost increases.
- JP 2006-263510 A Japanese Patent Laying-Open No. 2015-062889 Japanese Patent No. 5050605
- An object of the present invention is to provide a water treatment system and a water treatment method capable of reducing the addition amount of a bactericide in water treatment using two or more reverse osmosis membranes.
- the present invention is a water treatment system using two or more stages of reverse osmosis membranes, wherein at least the first stage reverse osmosis membrane device and the second stage of treating the permeated water of the first stage reverse osmosis membrane device A reverse osmosis membrane device, and circulation means for circulating the concentrated water of the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane device to the supply water of the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane device,
- This is a water treatment system in which a bactericidal agent having a rejection rate of 70% or more in a reverse osmosis membrane is added to supplied water.
- the disinfectant having a rejection rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is a hypobromite stabilizing composition, chlorosulfamic acid, hypochlorous acid, hypobromite, isothiazolone compound, and It is preferably at least one of halocyanoacetamide compounds.
- a degassing membrane for degassing the water supplied to the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane is provided at the subsequent stage of adding a bactericide having a rejection rate of 70% or more at the reverse osmosis membrane. Is preferred.
- the bactericidal agent having a blocking rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is an anionic bactericide
- the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane device includes an anion charged membrane. preferable.
- the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane device preferably includes a neutral membrane.
- the present invention uses at least a first-stage reverse osmosis membrane and a second-stage reverse osmosis membrane for treating the permeated water of the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane to perform two or more stages of reverse osmosis membrane treatment.
- the concentrated water of the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane is circulated and used in the supply water of the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane. Is a water treatment method in which a disinfectant having a rejection rate of 70% or more is added.
- the disinfectant having a rejection rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is a hypobromite stabilizing composition, chlorosulfamic acid, hypochlorous acid, hypobromite, isothiazolone compound, and It is preferably at least one of halocyanoacetamide compounds.
- the feed water of the second stage reverse osmosis membrane is deaerated using the deaeration membrane. It is preferable.
- the bactericidal agent having a blocking rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is preferably an anionic bactericide, and the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane is an anion charged membrane.
- the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane is preferably a neutral membrane.
- the present invention it is possible to provide a water treatment system and a water treatment method capable of reducing the addition amount of a bactericide in water treatment using two or more stages of reverse osmosis membranes.
- the water treatment system 1 includes a first-stage first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 and a second-stage second reverse osmosis membrane device 14.
- the water treatment system 1 may include a raw water tank 10 in front of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12.
- the pipe 16 is connected to the raw water inlet of the raw water tank 10, and the outlet of the raw water tank 10 and the inlet of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 are connected by a pipe 18.
- the permeate outlet of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 and the inlet of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 are connected by a pipe 20, and the pipe 24 is connected to the permeate outlet of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14.
- the piping 22 is connected to the concentrated water outlet of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12, and the concentrated water outlet of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 and the concentrated water inlet of the raw water tank 10 are connected by a circulating piping 26 as a circulating means.
- a bactericide adding pipe 28 as a bactericide adding means is connected to the pipe 20.
- the raw water to be treated is stored in the raw water tank 10 as needed through the pipe 16 and then sent to the first reverse first osmosis membrane device 12 through the pipe 18.
- the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane treatment is performed (first reverse osmosis membrane treatment step).
- the first permeated water from the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 is sent to the second-stage second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 through the pipe 20, and the first concentrated water is discharged through the pipe 22.
- the blocking rate at the reverse osmosis membrane is 70% in the feed water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 through the sterilizing agent addition pipe 28 in the previous stage of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14, for example, the pipe 20.
- the bactericide which is the above is added (bactericide addition process).
- the feed water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 in the first stage may or may not be added with a bactericidal agent, but it is preferable that no bactericidal agent is added. Since the bactericidal agent is not added to the water supplied to the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 in the first stage, the amount of the bactericidal agent added can be further reduced.
- the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane treatment is performed (second reverse osmosis membrane treatment step).
- the second permeated water from the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 is discharged as treated water through the pipe 24, and the second concentrated water is supplied to the first first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 through the circulation pipe 26, for example, It is circulated to the raw water tank 10 (circulation process).
- the second concentrated water may be circulated through the pipe 16, the pipe 18, and the like.
- the disinfectant added to the feed water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 has a rejection rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane, most of the disinfectant is blocked by the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane, 2 Remains on the concentrated water side.
- the supply water (raw water) of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 is used.
- the disinfectant derived from the second concentrated water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 is mixed. Thereby, in the water treatment using the reverse osmosis membrane of two or more steps, the addition amount of the bactericide can be reduced.
- a two-stage reverse osmosis membrane is used.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- a second-stage reverse osmosis membrane is used in a water treatment method and water treatment system using two or more stages of reverse osmosis membranes.
- the concentrated water is circulated to the feed water of the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane, and a bactericide having a rejection rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is added to the feed water of the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane.
- a bactericide having a rejection rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is added to the feed water of the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane.
- the isothiazolone compound which is a typical organic disinfectant, permeates through the reverse osmosis membrane, and the second concentrated water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 is used as the first stage of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12. Even in the flow to be circulated, the amount circulated to the front stage of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 is reduced. Therefore, it is more preferable to use a disinfectant whose 90% or more, preferably 99% or more is blocked by a reverse osmosis membrane.
- the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 immediately after the addition of the bactericidal agent, it is better to circulate a lot of bactericidal components, so an anionic reverse osmosis membrane (anion charged membrane) having a high blocking rate of the bactericide is adopted. Better.
- the bactericide component remains in the later stage of the neutral membrane where the blocking rate of the bactericide is relatively low. Is further reduced.
- a unit operation for example, carbon dioxide gas or the like
- biocontamination is a concern
- the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 in the first stage and the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 in the second stage.
- a degassing membrane 30 for deaeration
- biological contamination of the unit operation can be reduced by adding a bactericidal agent between the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 of the first stage and the degassing membrane 30 or the like. Can be suppressed.
- a degassing membrane 30 or the like for degassing the feed water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 in the second stage is provided in the latter stage of adding the bactericide having a blocking rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane.
- biological contamination of the deaeration membrane 30 and the like can be suppressed.
- a polyamide polymer membrane is mainly used, and there are a neutral membrane, an anion charged membrane, and a cation charged membrane.
- the neutral membrane refers to a membrane having a zeta potential in the range of ⁇ 15 to 5 (mV) at pH 7.0, determined by the zeta potential measurement method described in the examples described later, and the anion-charged membrane has pH 7.0.
- the zeta potential at is less than ⁇ 15 (mV).
- a cellulose acetate polymer membrane may be used for the reverse osmosis membrane of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12, and a polyamide polymer membrane may be used for the reverse osmosis membrane of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14.
- a disinfectant such as hypochlorous acid is added to the supply water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 in the first stage, and the rejection rate at the reverse osmosis membrane is added to the supply water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14. You may add the disinfectant which is 70% or more.
- Examples of commercially available neutral membranes include OFR-625 (manufactured by Organo Corporation), BW30XFR (manufactured by Dow Chemical Company), LFC3 (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation), TML20 (manufactured by Toray Industries, Inc.), and the like.
- anion charged membranes examples include ES15, ES20, CPA3 (manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation), RE-8040BLN (manufactured by Eunjin Co., Ltd.), and the like.
- the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 in the first stage includes a neutral membrane
- the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 in the second stage includes an anion charged membrane.
- the anionic bactericidal agent having a rejection rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane is an anionic bactericidal agent
- the anionic bactericidal agent is the second-stage second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 (anion charged membrane). Therefore, it can be easily circulated to the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 (neutral membrane) at the first stage.
- the anionic disinfectant easily permeates the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 in the first stage, the disinfectant component remains in the supply water of the second reverse osmosis membrane device 14 in the second stage. The injection amount is further reduced.
- the water to be treated includes, for example, electronic industrial wastewater such as alcohol-containing water containing alcohol such as methanol, ethanol, isopropyl alcohol and the like. Since the electronic industrial wastewater such as alcohol-containing water has a high risk of slime generation, the water treatment method and the water treatment system according to the present embodiment are preferably applied in the desalination process of the electronic industrial wastewater. Can do.
- bactericides having a blocking rate of 70% or more in the reverse osmosis membrane examples include anionic bactericides such as a hypobromite stabilizing composition, chlorosulfamic acid, hypochlorous acid, and hypobromite, Isothiazolone compounds such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one, and halocyanoacetamide compounds such as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopropionamide Neutral disinfectants, etc.
- anionic bactericides such as a hypobromite stabilizing composition, chlorosulfamic acid, hypochlorous acid, and hypobromite
- Isothiazolone compounds such as 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one
- halocyanoacetamide compounds such as 2,2-dibromo-3-nitrilopro
- a blocking rate in the reverse osmosis membrane is 80% or more, hypobromite stabilization composition, chlorosulfamic acid, isothiazolone compound, halocyanoacetamide compound is preferred, Hypobromite stabilizing composition, chlorosulfamic acid and halocyanoacetamide compound having a rejection of 90% or more, particularly 99% or more in the osmosis membrane And more preferably of at least one.
- the blocking rate in the reverse osmosis membrane is an anion charged membrane “ES15” (aromatic polyamide anion charged membrane, manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation) as a reverse osmosis membrane as in the examples described later. Refers to the blocking rate when there is a failure.
- the halocyanoacetamide compound is, for example, a compound represented by the following general formula.
- X 1 and X 2 each independently represent a halogen atom such as F, Cl, Br, or I or a hydrogen atom, and R 1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms.
- the hypobromite stabilizing composition contains a “bromine-based oxidizing agent” and a “sulfamic acid compound”, and may further contain an alkali.
- hypobromite stabilizing composition contains a “reaction product of a bromine-based oxidant and a sulfamic acid compound”, and may further contain an alkali.
- the ratio of the equivalent of the “sulfamic acid compound” to the equivalent of the “bromine-based oxidant” is preferably 1 or more, and more preferably in the range of 1 or more and 2 or less. If the ratio of the equivalent amount of the “sulfamic acid compound” to the equivalent amount of the “bromine-based oxidizing agent” is less than 1, the reverse osmosis membrane may be deteriorated, and if it exceeds 2, the production cost may increase.
- bromine-based oxidizing agents examples include bromine (liquid bromine), bromine chloride, bromic acid, bromate, and hypobromite.
- reaction product of bromine compound and chlorine-based oxidizing agent obtained by reacting a bromine compound with a chlorine-based oxidizing agent such as hypochlorite is also included in the “bromine-based oxidizing agent”.
- bromine and sulfamic acid compound (mixture of bromine and sulfamic acid compound)” or “reaction product of bromine and sulfamic acid compound” using bromine is composed of “hypochlorous acid and bromine compound and Compared to ⁇ sulfamic acid '' and ⁇ bromine chloride and sulfamic acid '' preparations, there are fewer chloride ions, the reverse osmosis membrane does not deteriorate further, and it is less likely to cause corrosion of metal materials such as piping. More preferred.
- bromine compounds include sodium bromide, potassium bromide, lithium bromide, ammonium bromide and hydrobromic acid. Of these, sodium bromide is preferable from the viewpoint of formulation cost and the like.
- Examples of the chlorine-based oxidizing agent include chlorine gas, chlorine dioxide, hypochlorous acid or a salt thereof, chlorous acid or a salt thereof, chloric acid or a salt thereof, perchloric acid or a salt thereof, chlorinated isocyanuric acid or a salt thereof.
- examples of the salt include alkali metal hypochlorites such as sodium hypochlorite and potassium hypochlorite, alkaline earth hypochlorite such as calcium hypochlorite and barium hypochlorite.
- alkali metal chlorites such as sodium chlorite and potassium chlorite
- alkaline earth metal chlorites such as barium chlorite
- other metal chlorites such as nickel chlorite
- Alkali metal chlorates such as ammonium chlorate, sodium chlorate and potassium chlorate
- alkaline earth metal chlorates such as calcium chlorate and barium chlorate.
- chlorine-based oxidants may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- sodium hypochlorite is preferably used from the viewpoint of handleability.
- the sulfamic acid compound is a compound represented by the following general formula (1).
- R 2 NSO 3 H (1) (In the formula, R is independently a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms.)
- sulfamic acid compound examples include sulfamic acid (amidosulfuric acid) in which both two R groups are hydrogen atoms, N-methylsulfamic acid, N-ethylsulfamic acid, N-propylsulfamic acid, N- A sulfamic acid compound in which one of two R groups such as isopropylsulfamic acid and N-butylsulfamic acid is a hydrogen atom and the other is an alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, N, N-dimethylsulfamic acid, N, Two R groups such as N-diethylsulfamic acid, N, N-dipropylsulfamic acid, N, N-dibutylsulfamic acid, N-methyl-N-ethylsulfamic acid, N-methyl-N-propylsulfamic acid, etc.
- sulfamic acid amidosulfuric
- One of two R groups such as a sulfamic acid compound, N-phenylsulfamic acid and the like, both of which are alkyl groups having 1 to 8 carbon atoms Is a hydrogen atom and the other sulfamic acid compound or a salt thereof, such as an aryl group having 6 to 10 carbon atoms.
- the sulfamate include alkali metal salts such as sodium salt and potassium salt, alkaline earth metal salts such as calcium salt, strontium salt and barium salt, manganese salt, copper salt, zinc salt, iron salt, cobalt salt, Other metal salts such as nickel salts, ammonium salts, guanidine salts and the like can be mentioned.
- the sulfamic acid compounds and salts thereof may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- sulfamic acid compound sulfamic acid (amidosulfuric acid) is preferably used from the viewpoint of environmental load.
- alkali examples include alkali hydroxides such as sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide. From the viewpoint of product stability at low temperatures, sodium hydroxide and potassium hydroxide may be used in combination. Further, the alkali is not solid and may be used as an aqueous solution.
- Hypobromite stabilization composition contains bromine and a sulfamic acid compound because it does not deteriorate polyamide-type reverse osmosis membranes and the amount of effective halogen leaked into RO permeate is smaller.
- a mixture of bromine and sulfamic acid compound for example, a mixture of bromine, sulfamic acid compound, alkali and water, or containing a reaction product of bromine and sulfamic acid compound, such as bromine
- a mixture of a reaction product with a sulfamic acid compound, an alkali, and water is preferable.
- the hypobromite stabilizing composition hardly causes film deterioration such as hypochlorous acid while having a bactericidal effect. At normal use concentrations, the effect on film degradation can be substantially ignored. For this reason, it is optimal as a disinfectant.
- hypobromite stabilizing composition hardly permeates the reverse osmosis membrane and the like, and therefore has little influence on the quality of treated water. Further, since the concentration can be measured on site in the same manner as hypochlorous acid or the like, more accurate concentration management is possible.
- the pH of the hypobromite stabilizing composition is, for example, more than 13.0, and more preferably more than 13.2.
- the pH of the composition is 13.0 or less, the effective halogen in the composition may become unstable.
- the bromic acid concentration in the hypobromite stabilizing composition is preferably less than 5 mg / kg.
- the concentration of bromate ions such as RO permeated water may increase.
- the hypobromite stabilizing composition is obtained by mixing a bromine-based oxidizing agent and a sulfamic acid compound, and may further contain an alkali.
- the inert gas to be used is not limited, at least one of nitrogen and argon is preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing and the like, and nitrogen is particularly preferable from the viewpoint of manufacturing cost and the like.
- the oxygen concentration in the reactor during the addition of bromine is preferably 6% or less, more preferably 4% or less, further preferably 2% or less, and particularly preferably 1% or less. If the oxygen concentration in the reactor during the bromine reaction exceeds 6%, the amount of bromic acid produced in the reaction system may increase.
- the addition ratio of bromine is preferably 25% by weight or less, more preferably 1% by weight or more and 20% by weight or less based on the total amount of the composition. If the bromine addition rate exceeds 25% by weight relative to the total amount of the composition, the amount of bromic acid produced in the reaction system may increase. If it is less than 1% by weight, the modification effect may be inferior.
- the reaction temperature at the time of bromine addition is preferably controlled in the range of 0 ° C. to 25 ° C., but more preferably in the range of 0 ° C. to 15 ° C. from the viewpoint of production cost.
- the reaction temperature at the time of bromine addition exceeds 25 degreeC, the production amount of the bromic acid in a reaction system may increase, and when it is less than 0 degreeC, it may freeze.
- Example 1 the water treatment system of FIG. 1 was used, and in Comparative Example 1, the test was performed using the conventional water treatment system of FIG.
- a sterilizing agent addition pipe 32 for adding a sterilizing agent to the supply water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 at the first stage is connected to the pipe 18.
- a sterilizing agent is added (medicine injection) at one point (medicine injection point 2) from the sterilizing agent addition pipe 28, and as shown in FIG.
- the disinfectant was 3 mg / L or more before the reverse osmosis membrane.
- the supply water amount Q was 200 L / h of pure water, the recovery rate of the first-stage reverse osmosis membrane was 50%, and the recovery rate of the second-stage reverse osmosis membrane was 90%.
- the zeta potential of the reverse osmosis membrane was determined using a zeta potential / particle size measurement system ELSZseries manufactured by Otsuka Electronics Co., Ltd.
- the zeta potential of the reverse osmosis membrane was calculated based on the measured electroosmosis plot from the following Mori-Okamoto equation and Smoluchowski equation.
- a 10 mM NaCl aqueous solution (pH about 5.4) was used as a measurement solution. Two pairs of this aqueous solution and sample are prepared for each sample, one is adjusted to acidic (pH 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7) and the other is adjusted to alkaline (pH 8, 9), The zeta potential at each pH was measured.
- pure water values (refractive index: 1.3328, viscosity: 0.8878, dielectric constant: 78.3) at 25 ° C. were used.
- Test device Flat membrane test device (see Fig. 4)
- Flat membrane cell Membrane master C70-F flow type flat membrane test cell
- Flat membrane type Anion charged membrane “ES15” (aromatic polyamide anion charged membrane, low pressure RO membrane, Nitto Denko Corporation)
- Flat membrane diameter 75mm diameter
- Test water Ultrapure water
- Test water volume 5L / min
- Evaluation bactericidal agent see Table 1 Bactericidal agent concentration: 3 mg / L
- Test method Add each bactericidal agent to the test water, adjust the pH, circulate for 30 minutes, and then blow the permeated water sufficiently, then sample the raw water and permeated water, measure the bactericidal agent concentration, and block The rate was calculated.
- the disinfectant was added directly to the tank so as to be 3 mg / L.
- Blocking rate in reverse osmosis membrane (%) (disinfectant concentration of feed water ⁇ disinfectant concentration of permeated water) / (disinfectant concentration of feed water) ⁇ 100
- hypobromite Stabilized Composition Under nitrogen atmosphere, liquid bromine: 16.9% by weight (wt%), sulfamic acid: 10.7% by weight, sodium hydroxide: 12.9% by weight, potassium hydroxide: 3.94% by weight, water: remaining The components were mixed to prepare a hypobromite stabilized composition.
- the pH of the hypobromous acid stabilizing composition was 14, and the effective halogen concentration (effective chlorine equivalent concentration) was 7.5% by weight.
- a detailed method for preparing the hypobromite stabilizing composition is as follows.
- the pH of the resulting solution was 14 as measured by the glass electrode method.
- the bromine content of the resulting solution was 16.9% as measured by a redox titration method using sodium thiosulfate after bromine was converted to iodine with potassium iodide, and the theoretical content (16.9% ) Of 100.0%.
- the oxygen concentration in the reaction vessel during the bromine reaction was measured using “Oxygen Monitor JKO-02 LJDII” manufactured by Zico Corporation.
- the bromic acid concentration was less than 5 mg / kg.
- Example 1-1 and Comparative example 1-1 In Example 1-1 and Comparative Example 1-1, a hypobromite stabilizing composition (anionic) was added as a bactericide. At this time, when the rejection rate (RO rejection rate) in the reverse osmosis membrane of the hypobromite stabilization composition was measured, it was 99.1%.
- RO rejection rate rejection rate
- Example 1-1 when the bactericidal agent was added so that the bactericidal concentration C1 in the supply water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L from the drug injection point 2, the amount of bactericidal agent added X2 was 14.5 g / d, and the fungicide concentration C2 was 6.1 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- Example 1-1 the addition amount of the bactericidal agent was reduced by 7.0 g / d. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1-2 and Comparative example 1-2 In Example 1-2 and Comparative Example 1-2, isothiazolone (neutral) was added as a bactericide.
- Caisson (registered trademark) WT manufactured by Dow Chemical Company
- WT a bactericide containing an isothiazolone compound
- Example 1-2 when the bactericide was added so that the bactericide concentration C1 in the feed water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L from the drug injection point 2, the amount of bactericide added X2 was 16.1 mg / L and the fungicide concentration C2 was 7.3 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- the addition amount of the bactericide was reduced by 4.2 g / d. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-3 In Example 1-3 and Comparative Example 1-3, hypochlorous acid (anionic) was added as a bactericide. At this time, it was 71.0% when the rejection rate in the reverse osmosis membrane of hypochlorous acid was measured.
- hypochlorous acid anionic
- Example 1-3 when the bactericidal agent was added so that the bactericide concentration C1 in the feed water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L from the drug injection point 2, the amount of bactericidal agent added X2 was 17.8 g / d and the fungicide concentration C2 was 8.3 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- Example 1-3 the amount of fungicide added was reduced by 1.7 g / d. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 1-4 and Comparative Example 1-4 In Example 1-4 and Comparative Example 1-4, a halocyanoacetamide compound was used as a fungicide. At this time, the rejection of the halocyanoacetamide compound in the reverse osmosis membrane was measured and found to be 97.0%.
- Example 1-4 when the bactericide was added so that the bactericide concentration C1 in the feed water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L from the drug injection point 2, the amount of bactericide added X2 was 14.6 g / d and the fungicide concentration C2 was 6.2 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- the amount of fungicide added was reduced by 6.8 g / d. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Comparative Example 2-1 when the bactericide was added so that the bactericide concentration C1 in the feed water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L from the drug injection point 2, the amount of bactericide added X2 was 91.5 g / d, and the fungicide concentration C2 was 40.8 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- Comparative Example 2-1 increased the amount of fungicide added by 76.4 g / d. The results are shown in Table 2.
- Example 2 was tested using the water treatment system of FIG. 1 and Comparative Example 3 using the conventional water treatment system of FIG. 3, using chlorosulfamic acid (anionic) as a bactericidal agent.
- Example 2-1 and Comparative example 3-1 the reverse osmosis membrane “ES20” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, which is an anion charged membrane, was used as the first and second stage reverse osmosis membranes. At this time, the blocking rate of chlorosulfamic acid in the reverse osmosis membrane was measured and found to be 99.6%.
- Example 2-1 when the bactericide was added from the medicinal point 2 so that the bactericide concentration C1 in the feed water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L, X2 was 14.4 g / d and the fungicide concentration C2 was 6.0 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- Example 2-1 the addition amount of the bactericidal agent was reduced by 7.2 g / d. The results are shown in Table 3.
- Example 2-2 and Comparative Example 3-2 the reverse osmosis membrane “ES20” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation, which is an anion charged membrane, was used as the first stage reverse osmosis membrane.
- As a neutral membrane “LFC3” manufactured by Nitto Denko Corporation was used. At this time, the inhibition rate of chlorosulfamic acid in the reverse osmosis membrane was measured and found to be 97.9%.
- Example 2-2 when the bactericidal agent was added so that the bactericidal concentration C1 in the supply water of the first reverse osmosis membrane device 12 was 3 mg / L from the medicinal point 2, the amount of bactericidal agent added X2 was 14.5 g / d, and the fungicide concentration C2 was 6.1 mg / L (> 3 mg / L).
- Example 2-2 the addition amount of the bactericidal agent was reduced by 6.9 g / d, and the reduction range was small compared to Comparative Example 3-1 and Example 2-1. The results are shown in Table 3.
- the amount of the bactericidal agent was larger in the example than in the comparative example.
- the addition amount of the bactericide could be reduced by the water treatment system and the water treatment method of the example.
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Abstract
Description
本発明の実施形態に係る水処理システムの一例の概略を図1に示し、その構成について説明する。水処理システム1は、1段目の第1逆浸透膜装置12と、2段目の第2逆浸透膜装置14とを備える。水処理システム1は、第1逆浸透膜装置12の前段に原水槽10を備えてもよい。
次亜臭素酸安定化組成物は、「臭素系酸化剤」と、「スルファミン酸化合物」とを含有するものであり、さらにアルカリを含有してもよい。
R2NSO3H (1)
(式中、Rは独立して水素原子または炭素数1~8のアルキル基である。)
次亜臭素酸安定化組成物は、臭素系酸化剤とスルファミン酸化合物とを混合することにより得られ、さらにアルカリを混合してもよい。
実施例1では図1の水処理システムを用い、比較例1では図3の従来の水処理システムを用いて試験を行った。図3の従来の水処理システム5では、1段目の第1逆浸透膜装置12の供給水に殺菌剤を添加するための殺菌剤添加配管32が、配管18に接続されている。図1のように殺菌剤添加配管28から1点(薬注点2)で殺菌剤の添加(薬注)を行った場合と、図3のように殺菌剤添加配管32および殺菌剤添加配管28から2点(それぞれ薬注点1および薬注点2)で殺菌剤の添加(薬注)を行った場合について、殺菌剤の種類を表1の通り変えながら添加した殺菌剤(薬剤)の量を比較した。殺菌剤は、逆浸透膜の手前で3mg/L以上になるようにした。1段目および2段目の逆浸透膜としては、アニオン荷電膜である日東電工社製の逆浸透膜「ES15」を使用した。供給水量Qは、純水200L/h、1段目逆浸透膜の回収率は50%、2段目逆浸透膜の回収率は90%とした。
逆浸透膜のゼータ電位は、大塚電子株式会社製、ゼータ電位・粒径測定システムELSZseriesを用いて、求めた。逆浸透膜のゼータ電位は、測定した電気浸透プロットより、下記森・岡本の式およびSmoluchowskiの式から計算した。
Uobs(z)=AU0(z/b)2+ΔU0(z/b)+(1-A)U0+Up
ここで、
z:セル中心位置からの距離
Uobs(z):セル中のz位置における見かけの移動度
A:1/[(2/3)-(0.420166/K)]
K=a/b: 2aと2bはセル断面の横と縦の長さ、a>b
Up:粒子の真の移動度
U0:セルの上面、下面における平均移動度
ΔU0:セルの上面、下面における移動度の差
(Smoluchowskiの式)
ζ=4πηU/ε
ここで、
U:電気移動度
ε:溶媒の誘電率
η:溶媒の粘度
表1に示す配合組成の各殺菌剤について、殺菌剤の逆浸透膜での阻止率を、平膜試験装置を用いて下記条件で評価を行った。
試験装置:平膜試験装置(図4参照)
平膜セル:メンブレンマスターC70-Fフロー式平膜テストセル
平膜種類:アニオン荷電膜「ES15」(芳香族ポリアミド系アニオン荷電膜、低圧RO膜、日東電工株式会社製)
平膜径:直径75mm
試験水:超純水
試験水pH:7.0(下記各殺菌剤を添加後、塩酸、水酸化ナトリウムで調整)
試験水量:50L
試験水温:25℃±1℃
供給圧:0.75MPa
試験水量:5L/min
評価殺菌剤:表1参照
殺菌剤濃度:3mg/L
試験水に各殺菌剤を添加し、pH調整を行った後、30分間循環し、その後、各透過水を十分ブローした後、原水、透過水をサンプリングし、殺菌剤濃度の測定を行い、阻止率を算出した。殺菌剤は、3mg/Lとなるようにタンクに直接添加した。
逆浸透膜での阻止率(%)=(供給水の殺菌剤濃度-透過水の殺菌剤濃度)/(供給水の殺菌剤濃度)×100
窒素雰囲気下で、液体臭素:16.9重量%(wt%)、スルファミン酸:10.7重量%、水酸化ナトリウム:12.9重量%、水酸化カリウム:3.94重量%、水:残分を混合して、次亜臭素酸安定化組成物を調製した。次亜臭素酸安定化組成物のpHは14、有効ハロゲン濃度(有効塩素換算濃度)は7.5重量%であった。次亜臭素酸安定化組成物の詳細な調製方法は以下の通りである。
実施例1-1および比較例1-1では、殺菌剤として次亜臭素酸安定化組成物(アニオン性)を添加した。このとき、次亜臭素酸安定化組成物の逆浸透膜での阻止率(RO阻止率)を測定したところ、99.1%であった。
実施例1-2および比較例1-2では、殺菌剤としてイソチアゾロン(中性)を添加した。製剤には、イソチアゾロン化合物を含有する殺菌剤である、ケーソン(登録商標)WT(ダウ・ケミカル社製)を使用した。このとき、イソチアゾロンの逆浸透膜での阻止率を測定したところ、81.8%であった。
実施例1-3および比較例1-3では、殺菌剤として次亜塩素酸(アニオン性)を添加した。このとき、次亜塩素酸の逆浸透膜での阻止率を測定したところ、71.0%であった。
実施例1-4および比較例1-4では、殺菌剤としてハロシアノアセトアミド化合物を使用した。このとき、ハロシアノアセトアミド化合物の逆浸透膜での阻止率を測定したところ、97.0%であった。
比較例2-1および比較例2-2では、殺菌剤としてクロラミン(アニオン性)を添加した。このとき、クロラミンの逆浸透膜での阻止率を測定したところ、10.2%であった。
実施例2では図1の水処理システムを用い、比較例3では図3の従来の水処理システムを用いて、殺菌剤としてクロロスルファミン酸(アニオン性)を用いて試験を行った。
実施例2-1および比較例3-1では、1段目および2段目の逆浸透膜としては、アニオン荷電膜である日東電工社製の逆浸透膜「ES20」を使用した。このとき、クロロスルファミン酸の逆浸透膜での阻止率を測定したところ、99.6%であった。
実施例2-2および比較例3-2では、1段目の逆浸透膜としては、アニオン荷電膜である日東電工社製の逆浸透膜「ES20」を使用し、2段目の逆浸透膜としては、中性膜である日東電工社製「LFC3」を使用した。このとき、クロロスルファミン酸の逆浸透膜での阻止率を測定したところ97.9%であった。
Claims (10)
- 2段以上の逆浸透膜を用いる水処理システムであって、
少なくとも1段目の逆浸透膜装置、および前記1段目の逆浸透膜装置の透過水を処理する2段目の逆浸透膜装置と、
前記2段目の逆浸透膜装置の濃縮水を前記1段目の逆浸透膜装置の供給水に循環させる循環手段と、
を備え、
前記2段目の逆浸透膜の供給水に、逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤を添加することを特徴とする水処理システム。 - 請求項1に記載の水処理システムであって、
前記逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤は、次亜臭素酸安定化組成物、クロロスルファミン酸、次亜塩素酸、次亜臭素酸、イソチアゾロン化合物およびハロシアノアセトアミド化合物のうちの少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする水処理システム。 - 請求項1または2に記載の水処理システムであって、
前記逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤を添加する後段に、前記2段目の逆浸透膜の供給水の脱気を行う脱気膜を備えることを特徴とする水処理システム。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の水処理システムであって、
前記逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤は、アニオン性の殺菌剤であり、前記2段目の逆浸透膜装置は、アニオン荷電膜を備えることを特徴とする水処理システム。 - 請求項4に記載の水処理システムであって、
前記1段目の逆浸透膜装置は、中性膜を備えることを特徴とする水処理システム。 - 少なくとも1段目の逆浸透膜、および前記1段目の逆浸透膜の透過水を処理する2段目の逆浸透膜を用いて、2段以上の逆浸透膜処理を行う水処理方法において、
2段目の逆浸透膜の濃縮水を1段目の逆浸透膜の供給水に循環させて用い、前記2段目の逆浸透膜の供給水に、逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤を添加することを特徴とする水処理方法。 - 請求項6に記載の水処理方法であって、
前記逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤は、次亜臭素酸安定化組成物、クロロスルファミン酸、次亜塩素酸、次亜臭素酸、イソチアゾロン化合物およびハロシアノアセトアミド化合物のうちの少なくとも1つであることを特徴とする水処理方法。 - 請求項6または7に記載の水処理方法であって、
前記逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤を添加する後段において、脱気膜を用いて前記2段目の逆浸透膜の供給水の脱気を行うことを特徴とする水処理方法。 - 請求項6~8のいずれか1項に記載の水処理方法であって、
前記逆浸透膜での阻止率が70%以上である殺菌剤は、アニオン性の殺菌剤であり、前記2段目の逆浸透膜は、アニオン荷電膜であることを特徴とする水処理方法。 - 請求項9に記載の水処理方法であって、
前記1段目の逆浸透膜は、中性膜であることを特徴とする水処理方法。
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| WO2020059477A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 逆浸透処理装置及び逆浸透処理方法 |
| JP2020151668A (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | オルガノ株式会社 | 脱気方法および脱気装置 |
| JP2022016897A (ja) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-25 | オルガノ株式会社 | 水回収方法および水回収装置 |
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| US12263448B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2025-04-01 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Separation membrane module and liquid treatment system including the same |
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| JP2006122908A (ja) * | 2005-12-22 | 2006-05-18 | Kurita Water Ind Ltd | 純水の製造方法 |
| JP2011088151A (ja) * | 2011-02-09 | 2011-05-06 | Toray Ind Inc | 再生水の製造装置および方法 |
| JP2015166069A (ja) * | 2014-03-04 | 2015-09-24 | 三浦工業株式会社 | 水処理装置 |
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| JP2019098229A (ja) * | 2017-11-30 | 2019-06-24 | オルガノ株式会社 | 逆浸透膜処理方法、逆浸透膜処理システム、ナトリウム除去装置、およびナトリウム除去方法 |
| WO2020059477A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 逆浸透処理装置及び逆浸透処理方法 |
| JP2020044519A (ja) * | 2018-09-20 | 2020-03-26 | 株式会社日立製作所 | 逆浸透処理装置及び逆浸透処理方法 |
| US12263448B2 (en) | 2019-01-22 | 2025-04-01 | Nitto Denko Corporation | Separation membrane module and liquid treatment system including the same |
| JP2020151668A (ja) * | 2019-03-20 | 2020-09-24 | オルガノ株式会社 | 脱気方法および脱気装置 |
| JP7307567B2 (ja) | 2019-03-20 | 2023-07-12 | オルガノ株式会社 | 脱気方法および脱気装置 |
| JP2022016897A (ja) * | 2020-07-13 | 2022-01-25 | オルガノ株式会社 | 水回収方法および水回収装置 |
| JP7492873B2 (ja) | 2020-07-13 | 2024-05-30 | オルガノ株式会社 | 水回収方法および水回収装置 |
| CN115943835A (zh) * | 2022-12-26 | 2023-04-11 | 四川中农木林森光生物科技有限公司 | 一种能够执行干播种的培育系统 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| SG11201806379VA (en) | 2018-08-30 |
| JPWO2017141717A1 (ja) | 2018-05-24 |
| SA518392097B1 (ar) | 2022-03-02 |
| KR102132462B1 (ko) | 2020-08-05 |
| JP6688381B2 (ja) | 2020-04-28 |
| TWI700252B (zh) | 2020-08-01 |
| KR20180100223A (ko) | 2018-09-07 |
| TW201730116A (zh) | 2017-09-01 |
| CN108495822A (zh) | 2018-09-04 |
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