WO2017033478A1 - 水処理方法および水処理装置 - Google Patents
水処理方法および水処理装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017033478A1 WO2017033478A1 PCT/JP2016/056223 JP2016056223W WO2017033478A1 WO 2017033478 A1 WO2017033478 A1 WO 2017033478A1 JP 2016056223 W JP2016056223 W JP 2016056223W WO 2017033478 A1 WO2017033478 A1 WO 2017033478A1
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D65/00—Accessories or auxiliary operations, in general, for separation processes or apparatus using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D65/02—Membrane cleaning or sterilisation ; Membrane regeneration
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D69/00—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor
- B01D69/02—Semi-permeable membranes for separation processes or apparatus characterised by their form, structure or properties; Manufacturing processes specially adapted therefor characterised by their properties
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/008—Control or steering systems not provided for elsewhere in subclass C02F
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/44—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by dialysis, osmosis or reverse osmosis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/02—Aerobic processes
- C02F3/12—Activated sludge processes
- C02F3/1236—Particular type of activated sludge installations
- C02F3/1268—Membrane bioreactor systems
- C02F3/1273—Submerged membrane bioreactors
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/04—Backflushing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2321/00—Details relating to membrane cleaning, regeneration, sterilization or to the prevention of fouling
- B01D2321/16—Use of chemical agents
- B01D2321/168—Use of other chemical agents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2325/00—Details relating to properties of membranes
- B01D2325/38—Hydrophobic membranes
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/03—Pressure
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2209/00—Controlling or monitoring parameters in water treatment
- C02F2209/23—O3
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/16—Regeneration of sorbents, filters
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/10—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a water treatment technique using a membrane, and more particularly, to a water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus including a washing treatment for modifying a hydrophobic membrane.
- a flocculant is added to the water to be treated, and the pollutant contained in the water to be treated is agglomerated and separated by gravity sedimentation, or the material to be treated contains agglomerates.
- a pressure levitation technique in which microbubbles are injected into water, agglomerates are adsorbed in the microbubbles, and floated to separate.
- the membrane filtration technology is larger than the pore size of the membrane, it is possible to reliably separate and remove the pollutants in the water to be treated, and to obtain very clear treated water stably.
- the hydrophobic organic membrane has a high affinity with the hydrophobic contaminant contained in the water to be treated, is easily clogged, and is difficult to be stably filtered for a long time.
- This Patent Document 1 relates to a technique for supplying ozone water to a membrane module mounted on a water treatment apparatus, removing contaminants adhering to the membrane, and cleaning the membrane. Furthermore, this patent document 1 measures the transmembrane differential pressure at the time of to-be-processed water filtration, and fluctuates ozone supply amount based on this measured value.
- Patent Document 2 there is also a conventional method by hydrophilizing a hydrophobic organic film using ozone (for example, see Patent Document 2).
- a hydrophobic organic film is immersed in ozone water to bring the ozone into contact with the film to make it hydrophilic.
- Patent Document 1 when the load of hydrophobic contaminants such as organic substances in raw water is extremely increased, a sudden blockage occurs. For this reason, there is no substitute for frequent cleaning when the ozone concentration is adjusted each time ozone cleaning is performed, and it is difficult to perform stable filtration for a long period of time.
- the technique according to Patent Document 2 can hydrophilize the membrane and suppress adhesion of hydrophobic pollutants.
- the method according to Patent Document 2 can finally obtain a sufficient hydrophilic effect by bringing water containing 10 mg / L of ozone into contact with the membrane for a long time of 100 hours.
- the present invention has been made in order to solve the above-described problems.
- the present invention is compared with the conventional technology without using any special pretreatment or equipment.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus capable of performing a stable filtration over a long period of time by modifying a hydrophobic membrane with an extremely short ozone contact time.
- the water treatment method according to the present invention includes a filtration step of filtering the water to be treated from the primary side to the secondary side of the separation membrane, and a backwashing step of washing the separation membrane from the secondary side to the primary side.
- the step of injecting ozone used in the backwashing process into the separation membrane, and the cycle after the first cycle and the cycle after the first cycle among the repeated cycles are performed.
- the step of setting the amount of ozone injected during the second cycle to be equal to or less than the amount of ozone injected during the first cycle.
- the water treatment apparatus is a backwash process in a water treatment apparatus that repeats a cycle including a filtration process for filtering water to be treated using a separation membrane and a backwash process for washing the separation membrane.
- An ozone injection unit that injects ozone to be used into the separation membrane; and a control unit that controls the amount of ozone injected into the separation membrane by the ozone injection unit.
- the cycle after the first cycle is the second cycle
- the ozone injection amount in the second cycle is less than or equal to the ozone injection amount in the first cycle. The amount is to be controlled.
- a “filtration step” for filtering water to be treated using a hydrophobic organic membrane, and an “ozone injection step” for interrupting the filtration step and injecting an ozone-containing fluid into the hydrophobic organic membrane The cycle consisting of the following is repeated, and for each cycle, the ozone injection amount index obtained by dividing the ozone injection amount in the ozone injection step by the filtration step execution time is calculated, and the ozone injection amount index in the next cycle is calculated, The water treatment is performed so as to be equal to or smaller than the ozone injection amount index calculated in the current cycle.
- the hydrophobic membrane is modified with a very short ozone contact time compared to the conventional technology, without using special pretreatment or equipment, A water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus capable of stable filtration for a long period of time can be obtained.
- FIG. FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a configuration of the entire water treatment system when the water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention is applied in the submerged membrane separation activated sludge method.
- the water treatment apparatus in FIG. 1 includes a treated water introduction pipe 1 for introducing treated water into the biological treatment tank 4 and an air introduction pipe 2 for blowing air into the biological treatment tank 4. .
- the air introduction pipe 2 is connected to the air diffuser 3.
- activated sludge 26 is stored, and the separation membrane 5 is installed so as to be immersed in the activated sludge 26.
- the separation membrane 5 is connected to a permeate transfer pipe 6. Further, a valve 20 and a membrane filtration pump 7 are installed on the permeate transfer pipe 6.
- a treated water transfer pipe 15 is connected to the treated water tank 8 via a pump 9.
- a treated water feed pump 9 and a valve 22 are installed on the treated water transfer pipe 15.
- a treated water discharge pipe 16 and a backwash pipe 10 are connected to the treated water transfer pipe 15.
- the treated water discharge pipe 16 is provided with a valve 21, and the backwash pipe 10 is provided with a valve 23.
- the water treatment device of FIG. 1 includes an ozone injection device 11.
- the ozone injection device 11 includes an ozone generation device 12, an ozone concentration device 13, and an ozone dissolution device 14.
- Ozone injection pipe 27 is connected to ozone injection device 11.
- the ozone injection pipe 27 is connected to the backwash pipe 10.
- an ozone injection amount measuring instrument 17 and a valve 19 are installed on the ozone injection pipe 27.
- the ozone injection device 11 and the ozone injection amount measuring device 17 are connected to an ozone injection amount index calculator 18.
- the ozone injection amount measuring device 17 calculates the ozone injection amount from the measurement device 35 that enables measurement of at least the ozone concentration, the flow rate, and the ozone injection time of the ozone-containing fluid flowing through the ozone injection pipe 27 and the measurement result. And an arithmetic unit 36.
- the water treatment apparatus includes a “filtration step” that filters the water to be treated using a separation membrane, and an “ozone injection” that interrupts the filtration step and injects an ozone-containing fluid into the hydrophobic organic membrane.
- This is a water treatment method in which one cycle of “step” (an example of “backwashing step” according to the present invention) is repeated.
- the water treatment method in this Embodiment 1 calculates the "ozone injection amount index
- the injection amount index is equal to or smaller than the “ozone injection amount index” of the immediately preceding process, which is the calculation result. Therefore, in the following, each of the “filtration step” and the “ozone injection step” will be described in detail.
- the filtration step mainly repeats a filtration operation by the separation membrane 5 of the water to be treated and a back pressure washing (hereinafter referred to as back washing) operation of the separation membrane 5 using the permeated water 28 stored in the treatment water tank 8. It is a process to implement. Therefore, hereinafter, the description will be made separately on the filtration operation and the backwash operation, and the switching condition determination processing from the filtration step to the ozone injection step will also be described.
- the treated water is introduced into the biological treatment tank 4 via the treated water introduction pipe 1.
- the pollutant such as organic matter contained in the water to be treated is adsorbed or decomposed by the activated sludge 26 stored in the biological treatment tank 4 and removed from the water to be treated. As a result, the water to be treated is purified.
- the purified water to be treated is sucked by the membrane filtration pump 7 and simultaneously filtered by the separation membrane 5 to become permeated water 28 and to the treated water tank 8 through the permeated water transfer pipe 6 and the membrane filtration pump 7. Be transported.
- the valve 20 is in an open state. Further, the valve 19 and the valve 21 are in a closed state.
- the separation membrane 5 is a hydrophobic organic membrane.
- the material of the separation membrane 5 is not limited as long as it is hydrophobic and is made of an organic material. Specific examples include polyvinyl fluoride (PVF), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), and tetrafluoroethylene-ethylene copolymer (ETFE). In view of mechanical strength and the like, PVDF is particularly suitable as the separation membrane 5.
- the shape of the separation membrane 5 is preferably a shape suitable for backwashing, such as a hollow fiber membrane or a tubular membrane.
- a flat membrane may be used if the problem of physical strength is solved.
- the treated water may be, for example, urban sewage, and if it is industrial wastewater, it contains pollutants that have a high affinity with hydrophobic organic membranes, such as food processing wastewater and wastewater discharged from semiconductor manufacturing processes. As long as it is anything, the effect of the present invention can be obtained.
- FIG. 1 air is diffused into the biological treatment tank 4 by the air diffuser 3.
- the present invention can be applied.
- the separation membrane 5 is physically washed by, for example, peeling off the contaminants in the separation membrane 5 that can be physically removed or the contaminants attached to the surface of the separation membrane 5 by water pressure.
- the filtration operation and the backwash operation may be repeated manually by operating the device each time by the operation manager.
- a timer may be provided so that each operation can be automatically and repeatedly performed. In this case, labor can be saved. The effect of the present invention can be obtained without change regardless of whether the method is manual or automatic.
- the execution time of the filtration step may be adjusted manually by operating the apparatus each time by the operation manager.
- a timer may be provided so that it is performed only for a preset time, or a counter or the like is provided to terminate when the number of filtration operations and backwash operations has reached a preset number of times. May be.
- the execution time per filtration step can be managed. Furthermore, if the ozone injection amount index R is calculated from the ozone injection amount calculated by the ozone injection amount measuring instrument 17 described later and the filtration process execution time, and the result is reflected in the next cycle, the present invention. The effect of can be obtained.
- the permeated water 28 in the treated water tank 8 is transferred to the ozone dissolving device 14 by the treated water feed pump 9.
- the permeated water 28 is not only transferred to the ozone dissolving device 14 but also discharged out of the system via the treated water discharge pipe 16. Is done.
- the valve 22 is open, and when the permeated water 28 is discharged out of the system, the valve 23 is open.
- a three-way valve may be installed at the intersection of the treated water transfer pipe 15 and the treated water discharge pipe 16 to perform the opening / closing operation.
- ⁇ Ozone injection process When the transmembrane pressure difference detected by the pressure gauge reaches or exceeds a preset allowable value, for example, a allowable value set between 5 and 100 KPa, the filtration process ends. And after completion
- a preset allowable value for example, a allowable value set between 5 and 100 KPa
- the ozone injection process is divided into ozone water generation, ozone water injection to the separation membrane, ozone injection amount measurement, and ozone injection amount index calculation.
- Ozone Water Generation In the ozone injection process, first, ozone gas generated by the ozone generator 12 is transferred to the ozone concentrator 13 and concentrated in the ozone concentrator 13. Thereafter, the concentrated ozone is discharged from the ozone concentrating device 13 as a gas and injected into the ozone dissolving device 14. As described above, the ozone dissolving device 14 stores the permeated water 28, and the ozone-containing water is produced when the permeated water 28 and the ozone gas come into contact with each other.
- FIG. 2 is an explanatory diagram showing an example of the ozone dissolution method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- FIG. 3 is explanatory drawing which showed an example of the ozone melt
- an ozone diffuser 30 connected to an ozone introduction pipe 31 is provided at the lower part of the ozone dissolution tank 29. Then, ozone is dissolved by blowing ozone gas from the ozone diffuser 30 into the stored permeated water 28.
- an ejector 32 connected to the ozone introduction pipe 31 and a circulation pump 33 are provided, and the ejector 32 is circulated by the circulation pump 33 through the circulation pipe 34.
- the ozone may be dissolved by sucking ozone gas. 2 and FIG. 3 is connected to the ozone concentrator 13.
- an extremely high concentration ozone gas of about 1000 mg / NL can be obtained.
- ozone-containing water with a high concentration can be obtained, and thereby a high film cleaning effect can be obtained.
- the present invention does not necessarily require an ozone concentrator, and may be omitted as necessary.
- the ozone introduction pipe 31 is connected to the ozone generator 12, and ozone gas is directly supplied from the ozone generator 12 to the ozone dissolver 14.
- the ozone-containing water produced by the ozone dissolving device 14 is injected into the separation membrane 5 via the ozone injection pipe 27.
- a pump may be provided on the ozone injection pipe 27 to pump it, or the ozone dissolution apparatus 14 is installed at a position higher than the water surface of the biological treatment tank 4 and injected by gravity. May be performed.
- the ozone injection amount in the ozone injection step is measured by the ozone injection amount measuring device 17.
- the ozone injection amount measuring instrument 17 includes at least a measuring instrument 35 that enables measurement of each parameter of the ozone concentration, the flow rate, and the ozone injection time of the ozone-containing fluid flowing through the ozone injection pipe 27, and the measurement result.
- a calculator 36 for calculating the ozone injection amount is provided.
- the ozone injection amount measuring instrument 17 may be an apparatus in which the measuring instrument 35 and the calculator 36 are integrated, or only the measuring instrument 35 is installed on the ozone injection pipe 27, and the calculator 36 is independently provided. It is good also as a form which installs and connects between this with a signal wire
- the measuring instrument 35 may be a device that can measure the above-described parameters all at once, or may be configured such that an ozone concentration meter, a flow meter, a timer, and the like are individually installed. In any case, the measurement result of each parameter in the measuring instrument 35 is transmitted to the calculator 36. Then, the computing unit 36 calculates the ozone injection amount by obtaining the product of the ozone concentration, the flow rate, and the ozone injection time by the following equation (1).
- Q C ⁇ F ⁇ Ti (1)
- the ozone concentration C is preferably 5 to 1000 mg / L.
- the ozone injection time Ti is 5 to 180 minutes, preferably 5 to 120 minutes.
- the ozone-containing fluid flow rate F is preferably set to such a value that an ozone-containing fluid of about 0.2 to 20 L is injected per unit membrane area in one ozone injection process.
- the ozone injection amount index R of the following equation (2) obtained from the ozone injection amount Q of each cycle and the filtration process execution time Ts satisfies the following equation (3).
- the ozone injection conditions in the ozone injection process of each cycle are determined.
- R Q / Ts (2)
- R ozone injection amount index (mgO 3 / min)
- Q Ozone injection amount (mgO 3 )
- Ts Filtration process execution time (min)
- Q1 Amount of ozone injected in the previous cycle (mgO 3 )
- Q2 Ozone injection amount for this cycle (mgO 3 )
- Ts1 Filtration process execution time of the previous cycle (min)
- Ts2 Filtration process execution time for this cycle (min)
- the contact between the hydrophobic organic film and ozone is alternately brought into contact with a liquid not containing ozone, and the ozone injection amount and ozone are not contained, rather than continuously. It was found that the hydrophobic membrane can be modified while shortening the total ozone contact time by gradually lowering the ratio of the liquid passage time.
- the operation may be performed so that the value of Q decreases for each cycle.
- the calculation of the ozone injection amount index R and the determination of the ozone injection condition for the next cycle are performed by the ozone injection amount index calculator 18.
- the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 can calculate the above equation (3), and can also calculate the determined ozone injection condition to the ozone injection device 11 and the ozone injection amount measuring device 17. It is.
- the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 may be a PLC or a C language controller, for example.
- the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 can simultaneously play a role as a controller for overall control. It is.
- the ozone injection index calculator 18 is connected to the calculator 36.
- the filtration process is resumed.
- FIG. 4 is a flowchart showing a series of processes for repeatedly executing the filtration process and the ozone injection process in the water treatment method according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.
- the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 serves as a controller that performs overall control.
- step S100 which is a filtration process
- step S200 which is an ozone injection process
- step S101 in the filtration process the controller executes the filtration operation described above.
- step S102 the controller determines whether a switching condition from the filtration process to the ozone injection process is satisfied. In this determination process, as described above, the controller detects the membrane pressure differential pressure using a pressure gauge and compares it with an allowable value.
- the controller can use the membrane property detector 24 or the transmembrane pressure detector 25 instead of the pressure gauge, and details will be described in the second embodiment.
- step S102 determines in step S102 that the condition for switching from the filtration process to the ozone injection process is satisfied, the controller proceeds to the process of the ozone injection process in step S200. On the other hand, if the controller determines in step S102 that the conditions for switching from the filtration step to the ozone injection step are not satisfied, the controller proceeds to step S103, performs the backwash operation, returns to step S101, and performs filtration. The subsequent operations will be repeated.
- step S201 the controller generates ozone water.
- step S ⁇ b> 202 the controller executes ozone water injection into the separation membrane 5.
- step S203 the controller acquires the ozone injection amount measured by the ozone injection amount measuring device 17.
- step S204 the controller calculates an ozone injection amount index based on the above equation (2). Furthermore, as shown in the above equation (3), the controller sets the ozone injection amount Q in the next cycle so that the ozone injection amount index in the next cycle is equal to or less than the ozone injection amount index in the current cycle. The filtration process execution time Ts is set, and the process returns to the filtration process of Step S100.
- the following setting is conceivable as an injection condition for satisfying the above expression (3).
- the filtration process execution time Ts is constant in each cycle, and the ozone injection amount Q is set to a value equal to or less than the previous cycle each time the cycle proceeds.
- the ozone injection amount Q is constant in each cycle, and the filtration process execution time Ts is set to a value equal to or greater than the previous cycle each time the cycle proceeds.
- Both the filtration process execution time Ts and the ozone injection amount Q are constant in each cycle.
- the ozone injection amount index R may be calculated for each cycle by the operation manager, and the ozone injection conditions may be adjusted to satisfy the above equation (3).
- injecting ozone amount Q in the implantation process per unit membrane area, i.e., it may be injected so that the 1 m 2 per 300mgO 3 ⁇ 3000mgO 3.
- the ozone dissolving device 14 is provided to produce ozone-containing water and this is injected into the separation membrane 5 as an ozone-containing fluid.
- the effect of the invention can be obtained even if the operation is performed such that ozone gas is directly injected into the separation membrane 5.
- the ozone dissolving device 14 can be omitted, and ozone is directly injected into the separation membrane 5 from either the ozone generator 12 or the ozone concentrator 13 through the ozone injection pipe 27. Become.
- the contact between the hydrophobic organic film and ozone is not continuously performed, but the liquid that does not contain ozone is alternately contacted, and the ozone injection amount and ozone are The ratio of the liquid that does not contain the liquid passing time is the same or gradually lowered, and the water treatment is performed.
- the water treatment apparatus includes a “filtration step” for filtering the water to be treated using the hydrophobic organic membrane, and the filtration step is interrupted, so that the ozone-containing fluid is applied to the hydrophobic organic membrane.
- a “filtration step” for filtering the water to be treated using the hydrophobic organic membrane
- the filtration step is interrupted, so that the ozone-containing fluid is applied to the hydrophobic organic membrane.
- the hydrophobic membrane is modified with a very short ozone contact time compared to the conventional technology, without using special pretreatment or equipment, A water treatment method and a water treatment apparatus capable of stable filtration for a long period of time can be realized.
- Embodiment 2 a water treatment apparatus that eliminates unnecessary cleaning with ozone and can suppress the amount of ozone used will be described.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing a configuration of the entire water treatment system when the water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is applied in the submerged membrane separation activated sludge method.
- the configuration of FIG. 5 in the second embodiment further includes a membrane property detector 24 and a transmembrane differential pressure detector 25 on the permeate transfer pipe 6 as compared with the configuration of FIG. 1 in the first embodiment. Different points are provided. Therefore, these differences will be mainly described below.
- the present invention makes ozone contact with the separation membrane 5 to modify the hydrophobic membrane, thereby enabling stable filtration over a long period of time.
- the modification of the hydrophobic membrane is completed, stable filtration for a very long time becomes possible. Therefore, when the modification is completed, the frequency of membrane cleaning with ozone may be greatly reduced. Rather, unnecessary cleaning unnecessarily increases the amount of ozone used, which is uneconomical.
- the film property detector 24 appropriately quantitatively confirms the state of the film, that is, the degree of film modification. After the film property detector 24 determines that the reforming has been sufficiently performed, only when the membrane is blocked, that is, only when the transmembrane pressure difference detected by the transmembrane pressure detector 25 increases.
- the water treatment is preferably performed so that the ozone injection step is started.
- the threshold value for switching to the ozone injection step of the pressure detected by the transmembrane pressure detector 25 is preferably set to 2 to 100 kPa, preferably 3 to 30 kPa, and more preferably 5 to 20 kPa.
- a hydrophilic membrane or a pre-modified filter membrane it is not always necessary to reduce the ozone injection amount index R, while keeping the ozone injection amount index R constant in each cycle, It is also possible to continue the filtration.
- ozone injection amount index R is constant or small in each cycle.
- the method of hydrophilization is not limited to ozone, and the same applies when other oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide are used.
- the conventional filtration membrane cleaning process using chemicals such as sodium hypochlorite aqueous solution has a weak oxidizing power of sodium hypochlorite. For this reason, the clogging substances in the filtration membrane are not completely removed but accumulated. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the cleaning time and chemical concentration as the cycle of the membrane filtration step and the membrane chemical cleaning step is repeated.
- the filter membrane can be restored to an unfiltered state by washing with ozone-containing water.
- -As a result it is possible to increase the amount of filtered water obtained by shortening the cleaning time, and to extend the lifetime due to clogging of the membrane.
- the ozone injection process of the present invention not only simply increases the hydrophilicity of the material of the filtration membrane, but also modifies the organic matter adhering to the filtration membrane and uses this to increase the water permeability of the filtration membrane.
- This is an innovative cleaning process. This is realized by providing a highly hydrophilic organic layer so as to attach a thin skin to the surface of the filtration membrane in addition to making the material of the filtration membrane such as PVDF hydrophilic.
- a specific example of the film property detector 24 is, for example, a pressure gauge. That is, when the ozone-containing fluid injection pressure into the film indicated by the pressure gauge immediately after the start of the ozone injection process falls below a preset pressure threshold value, it can be determined that the film has been sufficiently modified.
- the pressure threshold value is set between 2 and 100 kPa, preferably between 3 and 30 kPa, and more preferably between 5 and 20 kPa.
- transmembrane differential pressure detector 25 it is also possible to use only the transmembrane differential pressure detector 25 during membrane filtration without using the membrane property detector 24.
- the film property detector 24 or the transmembrane pressure detector 25 a method for detecting a film property using ultrasonic waves can be employed. In this detection method, the separation film 5 is irradiated with ultrasonic waves, and the presence / absence of a film deposit is determined from the intensity of the reflected wave or the ratio between the reflected wave and the intensity of the irradiated wave.
- the difference AB between the soluble organic substance concentration A before and after the membrane filtration, that is, the unfiltered water on the primary side and the soluble organic substance concentration B on the secondary filtered water is used. It is also possible. Thereby, it is possible to grasp
- the AB value tends to be higher when activated sludge is present on the primary side of the membrane than when secondary sewage, purified water, river water, industrial water, etc. are present on the primary side of the membrane. .
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing a configuration of the entire water treatment system different from that in FIG. 5 when the water treatment apparatus according to Embodiment 2 of the present invention is applied in the submerged membrane separation activated sludge method.
- the configuration shown in FIG. 6 is based on the configuration in FIG. 5, a soluble organic matter concentration measuring unit 42 installed in the biological reaction tank 4 in order to measure the soluble organic matter concentration A of the unfiltered water on the primary side, In order to measure the soluble organic matter concentration B of the secondary filtered water, a soluble organic matter concentration measuring unit 41 installed in the treated water tank 8 is further provided.
- the soluble organic substance concentration measuring unit 42 is connected to the soluble organic substance concentration difference calculating unit 43 via the signal line 45, and the soluble organic substance concentration measuring unit 41 is calculating the soluble organic substance concentration difference calculating unit via the signal line 44. Connected to the unit 43. Further, the soluble organic matter concentration difference calculation unit 43 is connected to the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 through a signal line 46.
- the membrane property detector 24 is connected to the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 via a signal line 48, and the transmembrane pressure detector 25 is connected to the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 via a signal line 47. Has been.
- the values of the soluble organic substance concentration A of the biological treatment tank 4 measured by the soluble organic substance concentration measuring part 42 and the soluble organic substance concentration B of the treated water tank 8 measured by the soluble organic substance concentration measuring part 41 are respectively signals. It is sent to the soluble organic matter concentration difference calculating section 43 via lines 45 and 44.
- the soluble organic substance concentration difference calculation unit 43 calculates a difference AB between the soluble organic substance concentration A in the biological treatment tank 4 and the soluble organic substance concentration B in the treated water tank 8, and the calculation result is obtained via the signal line 46. To the ozone injection amount index calculator 18. As a result, the cleaning process is started according to the value AB.
- FIG. 7 shows the relationship between the difference AB between the soluble organic substance concentration A in the biological treatment tank 4 and the soluble organic substance concentration B in the treated water tank 8 and the rate of increase in the transmembrane pressure difference in the second embodiment of the present invention.
- n is the current cycle and n + 1 is the time cycle
- the AB value is, for example, 25 mg / L or more
- the amount of organic matter adhering to the film is large.
- Qn / Tsn (Qn + 1) / (Tsn + 1)
- the AB value is less than 25 mg / L
- the value AB is preferably set in the range of 5 to 40 mg / L. If the AB value is less than 5 mg / L, the clogging amount of the separation membrane is too small, and the number of times of shifting to the ozone water cleaning process increases, which is not economical. On the other hand, if the AB value is larger than 40 mg / L, the amount of clogging of the separation membrane becomes too large, and it becomes difficult to obtain the effect of washing and filtration becomes impossible.
- the ozone injection amount index calculator 18 calculates all the indexes of the transmembrane differential pressure value detected by the transmembrane differential pressure detector 25, the AB value, and the intensity of the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave. It can be used to determine the switch to the ozone injection process. Specifically, for each index, a threshold for determining whether to switch to the ozone injection process is set in advance, and when any index reaches the threshold for the first time, switching to the ozone injection process is performed. Can do.
- switching to the ozone injection process may be performed using any one of the index detected by the transmembrane pressure detector 25, the value AB, and the intensity of the reflected wave of the ultrasonic wave. Good.
- the method that can execute the water treatment control according to the present invention with the highest accuracy is a method that uses only the value of the transmembrane pressure difference.
- an ultrasonic frequency 10 to 2000 MHz and an intensity of 1 to 1000 W.
- ozone is injected into the filtration membrane 5 in the ozone injection step. For this reason, ozone that has not been consumed by the filtration membrane 5 is introduced into the biological treatment tank 4 through the filtration membrane 5.
- the ozone introduced into the biological treatment tank 4 reacts with activated sludge and soluble organic substances in the biological treatment tank 4 to oxidize these substances.
- the film property detector 24, the transmembrane pressure detector 25, or the ultrasonic sensor is used to change the transmembrane pressure. It can substitute as a sensor for detecting.
- the ozone injection process is started according to the value of the transmembrane differential pressure detected by the transmembrane differential pressure detector 25. .
- the value of the transmembrane pressure difference reaches 10 to 50 kPa, preferably 15 to 50 kPa.
- the membrane property detector 24 and the transmembrane differential pressure detector 25 are separately installed.
- the membrane property detector 24 is a pressure gauge
- the intermembrane The differential pressure detector 25 may be omitted, and the transmembrane pressure difference may be detected by the membrane property detector 24.
- the modification state of the hydrophobic film is quantitatively monitored, and when it can be determined that the modification has been sufficiently performed, unnecessary cleaning with ozone can be eliminated. It has a configuration that can. As a result, in addition to the effects of the first embodiment, the amount of ozone used can be suppressed.
- the effect of the present invention was verified by an example based on specific data.
- the film property detecting means 24 was not used, and a pressure gauge was used as the transmembrane differential pressure detecting means 25.
- the membrane used was a medium-filament membrane module using a PVDF microfiltration membrane. Under each condition, the total filtration time was unified to 1800 minutes.
- the filtration area of the membrane is 0.1 m 2 .
- the separation membrane 5 was washed by setting the ozone water concentration C, the ozone water flow rate F, and the ozone injection time Ti so that the Q per unit membrane area for the first time was 1600 mgO 3 / m 2 . Thereafter, the ozone water concentration C and the flow rate F were constant, only the ozone injection time Ti was changed, and the filtration and washing cycles were repeated.
- Example 2 The separation membrane 5 was cleaned by setting the ozone water concentration C, the ozone water flow rate F, and the ozone injection time Ti so that the Q per unit membrane area for the first time was 600 mgO 3 / m 2 . Thereafter, the ozone injection amount Q was kept constant, and only the ozone injection time Ti was changed to repeat the filtration and washing cycle.
- Example 3 The separation membrane 5 was washed by setting the ozone water concentration C, the ozone water flow rate F, and the ozone injection time Ti so that the Q per unit membrane area was 600 mgO 3 / m 2 . The cleaning cycle was repeated with the ozone injection amount index R being constant.
- Table 5 summarizes the results of measuring the freshwater filtration differential pressure of the modified filter membrane by the verification of Examples 1 to 3 and Comparative Example 1 described above.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1に係る技術は、原水中の有機物など、疎水性汚濁物質負荷が極端に上昇した場合には、急激な閉塞が生じる。このため、オゾン洗浄の都度、オゾン濃度を調整したところで、頻繁に洗浄しなければならないことに代わりはなく、やはり、長期間の安定したろ過が困難であった。
図1は、本発明の実施の形態1に係る水処理装置を、浸漬型膜分離活性汚泥法において適用する場合の水処理システム全体の構成を示した図である。図1中の水処理装置は、被処理水を生物処理槽4に導入するための被処理水導入配管1と、生物処理槽4内へ送風を行うための空気導入配管2とを備えている。空気導入配管2は、散気装置3と接続されている。
本実施の形態1における水処理装置は、分離膜を用いて被処理水をろ過する「ろ過工程」と、ろ過工程を中断し、疎水性有機膜へのオゾン含有流体の注入を行う「オゾン注入工程」(本発明に係る「逆洗工程」の一例)とを行う1サイクルを、繰り返す水処理方法である。
ろ過工程は、主に被処理水の分離膜5によるろ過操作と、処理水槽8に貯留された透過水28を用いた分離膜5の逆圧洗浄(以下、逆洗と称す)操作とを繰り返し実施する工程である。そこで、以下では、ろ過操作と逆洗操作に分けて説明するとともに、ろ過工程からオゾン注入工程への切り換え条件判断処理についても説明する。
被処理水は、被処理水導入配管1を介して、生物処理槽4に導入される。被処理水に含まれる有機物等の汚濁物質は、生物処理槽4に貯留された活性汚泥26により吸着、または分解され、被処理水中から除去され、この結果、被処理水は、浄化される。
所定時間経過した後、膜ろ過ポンプ7による吸引を停止し、バルブ20を閉じる。続いて、処理水送水ポンプ9を起動させると同時にバルブ21を開くことで、処理水槽8に貯留された透過水28が、逆洗配管10を介して分離膜5へと注入される。
膜間差圧を検知可能な手段として、例えば、圧力計を備えておき、この圧力計の値があらかじめ設定した値に到達したところで、ろ過工程を終え、オゾン注入工程に移行することができる。圧力計により検知された膜間差圧の値は、常時監視され、オゾン注入量指数算出器18へ転送される。
圧力計で検出された膜間差圧があらかじめ設定された許容値、例えば、5~100KPaの間で設定された許容値に達した場合、もしくは超えた場合に、ろ過工程は、終了する。そして、ろ過工程終了後、オゾン注入工程が開始される。
オゾン注入工程においては、まず、オゾン発生装置12により発生したオゾンガスが、オゾン濃縮装置13へと移送され、オゾン濃縮装置13において濃縮される。その後、濃縮されたオゾンは、ガスとしてオゾン濃縮装置13から排出され、オゾン溶解装置14に注入される。オゾン溶解装置14には、前述の通り、透過水28が貯留されており、透過水28とオゾンガスとが接触することで、オゾン含有水が作製される。
オゾン溶解装置14で作製されたオゾン含有水は、オゾン注入配管27を介して、分離膜5へ注入される。注入の方法は、例えば、オゾン注入配管27上にポンプを設けるなどして、圧送してもよいし、オゾン溶解装置14を生物処理槽4の水面よりも高い位置に設置して、重力による注入を行ってもよい。
オゾン注入工程におけるオゾン注入量は、オゾン注入量計測器17によって計測される。オゾン注入量計測器17は、上述したように、少なくとも、オゾン注入配管27を流れるオゾン含有流体のオゾン濃度、流量、オゾン注入時間の各パラメータの計測を可能とする計測器35と、計測結果からオゾン注入量を算出する演算器36を備えている。
Q=C×F×Ti (1)
Q:オゾン注入量(mgO3)
C:オゾン濃度(mgO3/L)
F:オゾン含有流体流量(L/min)
Ti:オゾン注入時間(min)
本発明では、各サイクルのオゾン注入量Qとろ過工程実施時間Tsから得られる下式(2)のオゾン注入量指数Rが、下式(3)を満たすようにして、各サイクルのオゾン注入工程におけるオゾン注入条件が決定される。
R=Q/Ts (2)
Q1/Ts1≧Q2/Ts2 (3)
R:オゾン注入量指数(mgO3/min)
Q:オゾン注入量(mgO3)
Ts:ろ過工程実施時間(min)
Q1:前サイクルのオゾン注入量(mgO3)
Q2:当サイクルのオゾン注入量(mgO3)
Ts1:前サイクルのろ過工程実施時間(min)
Ts2:当サイクルのろ過工程実施時間(min)
[条件1]ろ過工程実施時間Tsに関しては、各サイクルで一定とし、オゾン注入量Qをサイクルが進むごとに、前回サイクル以下の値となるようにする。
[条件2]オゾン注入量Qに関しては、各サイクルで一定とし、ろ過工程実施時間Tsをサイクルが進むごとに、前回サイクル以上の値となるようにする。
[条件3]ろ過工程実施時間Tsおよびオゾン注入量Qともに、各サイクルで一定とする。
本実施の形態2では、オゾンによる不必要な洗浄をなくし、オゾン使用量の抑制を図ることのできる水処理装置について説明する。
・ろ過膜をオゾン含有水で洗浄することによって、未ろ過の状態にまで復元できる。
・膜ろ過工程と膜のオゾン含有水洗浄工程のサイクルを繰り返すほど、その洗浄時間やオゾン含有水濃度を前のサイクルと同等以下にできる。
・この結果、洗浄時間短縮によるろ過水取得量の増大を実現することができさらに、膜の目詰まりによる寿命を延長できる。
Qn/Tsn=(Qn+1)/(Tsn+1)
として、オゾン洗浄工程を制御することが可能である。一方、A-Bの値が25mg/L未満であれば、
Qn/Tsn>(Qn+1)/(Tsn+1)
として、オゾン洗浄工程を制御することが可能である。
図2に記載の水処理装置に対して、具体的なデータによる実施例により、本発明の効果を検証した。ただし、膜性状検知手段24は使用せず、膜間差圧検知手段25として圧力計を使用した。使用した膜は、PVDF製の精密ろ過膜を使用した中糸空膜モジュールであり、各条件で、ろ過工程実施時間の累計は、1800分に統一した。
<実施例1>
1回目の単位膜面積あたりのQが、1600mgO3/m2となるように、オゾン水濃度C、オゾン水流量F、オゾン注入時間Tiを設定して、分離膜5を洗浄した。その後、オゾン水濃度C、流量Fを一定として、オゾン注入時間Tiのみを変えて、ろ過と洗浄のサイクルを繰り返した。
1回目の単位膜面積あたりのQが、600mgO3/m2となるように、オゾン水濃度C、オゾン水流量F、オゾン注入時間Tiを設定して、分離膜5を洗浄した。その後、オゾン注入量Qを一定として、オゾン注入時間Tiのみを変えてろ過と洗浄のサイクルを繰り返した。
単位膜面積あたりのQが、600mgO3/m2となるように、オゾン水濃度C、オゾン水流量F、オゾン注入時間Tiを設定して、分離膜5を洗浄した。オゾン注入量指数Rを一定として、洗浄のサイクルを繰り返した。
単位膜面積あたりのQが36000mgO3/m2となるように、オゾン水濃度C、オゾン水流量F、オゾン注入時間Tiを設定して、分離膜5を1回洗浄した。続いて、超純水を満たした水槽内に分離膜5を移し、水温25℃での清水ろ過差圧を測定した。この比較例1による検証を行うことで、以下の表4の結果が得られた。
Claims (9)
- 分離膜の一次側から二次側へ向けて被処理水をろ過するろ過工程と、前記分離膜を前記二次側から前記一次側へ向けて洗浄する逆洗工程とを含むサイクルを繰り返す水処理方法において、
前記逆洗工程に用いるオゾンを前記分離膜へ注入するステップと、
繰り返した前記サイクルのうち、先のサイクルを第1サイクル、前記第1サイクルに続いて実施される後のサイクルを第2サイクルとしたとき、前記第2サイクルの際に注入する前記オゾンの注入量を、前記第1サイクルの際に注入した前記オゾンの注入量以下とするステップと
を有する水処理方法。 - 前記第1サイクルにおける前記ろ過工程の実施時間と、前記第2サイクルにおける前記ろ過工程の実施時間とを同じ長さにする
請求項1に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記第2サイクルにおける前記ろ過工程の実施時間を、前記第1サイクルにおける前記ろ過工程の実施時間よりも短くする
請求項1に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記分離膜の膜間差圧値を検出するステップと、
検出した前記膜間差圧値に基づいて前記ろ過工程から前記逆洗工程へと移行させるステップと
をさらに有する請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記一次側の溶解性有機物濃度と前記二次側の溶解性有機物濃度との差を膜間差圧値として検出するステップと、
検出した前記膜間差圧値に基づいて前記ろ過工程から前記逆洗工程へと移行させるステップと
をさらに有する請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の水処理方法。 - 超音波センサによる膜性状の測定結果から前記分離膜の目詰まり状態指標を算出するステップと、
算出した前記目詰まり状態指標に基づいて前記ろ過工程から前記逆洗工程へと移行させるステップと
をさらに有する請求項1から3のいずれか1項に記載の水処理方法。 - 前記ろ過工程においては、前記一次側に微生物群が存在し、前記二次側に処理水が存在し、
前記逆洗工程においては、前記一次側に微生物群が存在し、前記二次側にオゾン含有水が存在する
請求項1から6のいずれか1項に記載の水処理方法。 - 分離膜を用いて被処理水をろ過するろ過処理と、前記分離膜を洗浄する逆洗処理と、を含むサイクルを繰り返す水処理装置において、
前記逆洗処理に用いるオゾンを前記分離膜へ注入するオゾン注入部と、
前記オゾン注入部による前記分離膜への前記オゾンの注入量を制御する制御部と
を備え、
前記制御部は、繰り返した前記サイクルのうち、先のサイクルを第1サイクル、前記第1サイクルに続いて実施される後のサイクルを第2サイクルとしたとき、前記第2サイクルの際の前記オゾンの注入量を、前記第1サイクルの際の前記オゾンの注入量以下とするように前記注入量を制御する
水処理装置。 - 前記分離膜の膜間差圧を検出する膜間差圧検知器をさらに備え、
前記制御部は、前記膜間差圧検知器が検出した前記膜間差圧に基づいて、前記ろ過処理から前記逆洗処理に移行させるタイミングを制御する
請求項8に記載の水処理装置。
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| JP2015000371A (ja) * | 2013-06-14 | 2015-01-05 | 日本バルカー工業株式会社 | 疎水性ptfe膜、サポート材付き疎水性ptfe膜、処理液の製造方法、膜分離活性汚泥法における活性汚泥およびろ過膜の選定方法、膜分離活性汚泥法におけるファウリングの抑制方法、ならびに、被処理液の処理方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-03-01 WO PCT/JP2016/056223 patent/WO2017033478A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-03-01 US US15/746,995 patent/US20180221825A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2016-03-01 JP JP2016539244A patent/JP6103794B1/ja active Active
- 2016-03-01 SG SG11201800346VA patent/SG11201800346VA/en unknown
- 2016-03-01 CN CN201680048828.1A patent/CN107922221A/zh active Pending
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2017
- 2017-02-27 JP JP2017034585A patent/JP6432914B2/ja active Active
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP6342101B1 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-06-13 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 膜分離装置および膜分離方法 |
| WO2018173354A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-23 | 2018-09-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 膜分離装置および膜分離方法 |
| CN110431111A (zh) * | 2017-03-23 | 2019-11-08 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 膜分离装置及膜分离方法 |
| CN110431111B (zh) * | 2017-03-23 | 2021-09-07 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 膜分离装置及膜分离方法 |
| WO2021199371A1 (ja) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-07 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 水処理装置および水処理方法 |
| JP6952930B1 (ja) * | 2020-04-01 | 2021-10-27 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 水処理装置および水処理方法 |
| CN115335138A (zh) * | 2020-04-01 | 2022-11-11 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 水处理装置以及水处理方法 |
| CN115335138B (zh) * | 2020-04-01 | 2023-05-02 | 三菱电机株式会社 | 水处理装置以及水处理方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JPWO2017033478A1 (ja) | 2017-08-24 |
| JP2017087213A (ja) | 2017-05-25 |
| US20180221825A1 (en) | 2018-08-09 |
| JP6432914B2 (ja) | 2018-12-05 |
| CN107922221A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
| JP6103794B1 (ja) | 2017-03-29 |
| SG11201800346VA (en) | 2018-03-28 |
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