WO2017033350A1 - 遠隔操作ロボットシステム及びその運転方法 - Google Patents
遠隔操作ロボットシステム及びその運転方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2017033350A1 WO2017033350A1 PCT/JP2016/002574 JP2016002574W WO2017033350A1 WO 2017033350 A1 WO2017033350 A1 WO 2017033350A1 JP 2016002574 W JP2016002574 W JP 2016002574W WO 2017033350 A1 WO2017033350 A1 WO 2017033350A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- arm
- slave
- master
- slave arm
- mode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a remote control robot system including a master device and a slave arm, and an operation method thereof.
- a remote operation robot system including a master device (that is, a remote operation device) and a slave arm that operates in accordance with the operation of the master device.
- a master device that is, a remote operation device
- a slave arm that operates in accordance with the operation of the master device
- the master device a manipulator, an operation lever, an operation button, or the like may be used.
- Patent Document 1 discloses this type of technology.
- Patent Document 1 has three operation modes: an automatic operation mode, a manual operation mode, and a manual operation mode with restraint that supports manual operation such as slave operation management means constraining the hand posture.
- a remote control robot system that switches operation modes according to a plan is shown.
- the slave operation management means causes the slave arm to perform work according to a predetermined program.
- the interface unit causes the slave arm to perform work mainly in accordance with the operation input to the master device by the operator.
- the slave operation management means executes an operation that supports the operation.
- a work procedure plan is created by interweaving a manual operation part and an automatic operation part based on data indicating the skill level of the operator and a given work target,
- the remote operation method is shown in which the automatic operation part of the work procedure plan operates the system in the automatic operation mode and the system operates in the manual operation mode or the constrained manual operation mode of the work procedure plan.
- Patent Document 1 describes that a remote operation robot system may be provided with a plurality of slave arms, but this assumes that the ratio of automatic operation is large.
- the remote operation robot system includes a plurality of slave arms as described above, the content of the operation may be different for each slave arm, and the load on the operator may be significantly increased. Therefore, the technique described in Patent Document 1 leaves room for improvement in performing efficient work using a plurality of slave arms.
- An operation method of a remote operation robot system is an operation method of a remote operation robot system including a master device and a plurality of slave arms, Each of the slave arms includes an automatic mode that operates based on a task program stored in advance, a manual mode that operates based on an operator's operation accepted by the master device, and an operator's operation accepted by the master device. It has a plurality of control modes with a correction automatic mode that operates based on the task program while being corrected sequentially, An automatic part in which the slave arm performs work in the automatic mode; and a selection part in which the slave arm performs work in a selected one of the plurality of control modes, the selection among the plurality of slave arms.
- the slave arm includes a step of performing work.
- the remote control robot system includes: A master device that accepts operator operations; An automatic mode that operates based on a task program stored in advance, a manual mode that operates based on an operator's operation received by the master device, and the task program that is sequentially corrected by an operator's operation received by the master device; A plurality of slave arms having a plurality of control modes with a modified automatic mode operating based on An automatic portion in which the slave arm performs work in the automatic mode; and a selection portion in which the slave arm performs work in one selected from the plurality of control modes, the selected portion between the plurality of slave arms.
- Operation sequence information that does not overlap in time
- a storage device that stores the task program
- the slave arm control mode can be selected from the automatic mode, the manual mode, and the correction automatic mode according to the work contents and the status of the slave arm.
- the control mode can be selected at the operator's discretion. If a malfunction is expected when the slave arm is operated completely automatically, the slave arm can be operated in the correction automatic mode. it can.
- the correction automatic mode the operation of the slave arm is based on the automatic operation, and the operation can be corrected by the operator's operation. Therefore, the load on the operator is small compared to the manual mode, and the work efficiency is reduced. Can be suppressed.
- a robot system that does not stop can be realized by selecting an appropriate control mode according to the situation from among a plurality of control modes.
- the operator can remotely operate the plurality of slave arms using one master device. And operator free time is reduced. Therefore, efficient work can be performed using a plurality of slave arms.
- the remote control robot system and the operation method thereof of the present invention it is possible to perform efficient work using a plurality of slave arms.
- FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a state of an automobile assembly line provided with a remote control robot system 100 according to an embodiment of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing a schematic configuration of the remote control robot system 100.
- the remote operation robot system 100 is a master-slave robot system, which includes a plurality of slave arms 1 (1A, 1B), a master device 20, an input device 7, and an output.
- a device 4, a status acquisition device 5, and a control unit 6 that comprehensively controls the system 100 are provided.
- the plurality of slave arms 1A and 1B are not distinguished, the alphabet A or B appended to the numeral 1 is omitted and simply represented as “slave arm 1”.
- FIG. 1 shows a transfer line for workpieces W formed by a conveyor 99 in the work space, a plurality of slave arms 1A and 1B installed along the transfer line, and positions away from the work space (outside the work space).
- An automobile assembly line with a master device 20 installed in is shown.
- the slave arm 1 can perform operations such as transfer to the workpiece W, assembly and rearrangement of parts, posture change, and painting.
- the remote control robot system 100 according to the present invention is not limited to such an automobile assembly line, and can be widely applied to various manufacturing facilities.
- the slave arm 1 has three control modes: an automatic mode, a manual mode, and a correction automatic mode.
- the control mode of the slave arm 1 can be switched so that the operation is controlled in one selected from the plurality of control modes.
- a control mode in which the slave arm 1 operates according to a preset task program is referred to as an “automatic mode”.
- the slave arm 1 automatically performs a predetermined operation without the operation of the master device 20 by the operator.
- the control mode in which the slave arm 1 operates based on the operation of the operator received by the master device 20 is referred to as “manual mode”.
- the master device 20 can accept an operation input by the operator directly moving the master device 20.
- the manual mode the operation of the operator received by the master device 20 and the movement of the slave arm 1 operating based on this operation may be automatically corrected.
- the control mode in which the slave arm 1 operates in accordance with a preset task program while being sequentially corrected by the operation of the operator received by the master device 20 is referred to as a “correction automatic mode”.
- the correction automatic mode the movement of the slave arm 1 operating according to a preset task program is corrected based on the operation of the operator received by the master device 20.
- FIG. 1 shows two slave arms 1, that is, a first slave arm 1 ⁇ / b> A and a second slave arm 1 ⁇ / b> B that are installed in parallel with the workpiece W transfer line.
- the two slave arms 1 are both vertical articulated robots and have substantially the same configuration except for the end effector 12.
- the aspect of the plurality of slave arms 1 provided in the remote operation robot system 100 is not limited to this embodiment, and each slave arm 1 is a horizontal or vertical articulated robot arm (manipulator) having a joint number (number of axes) of 3 or more. ). Further, the plurality of slave arms 1 may include a plurality of types of robot arms having different link lengths and the number of joints.
- the slave arm 1 is an articulated robot arm having a plurality of joints JT1 to JT6, which is composed of a connecting body of a plurality of links 11a to 11f and a base 15 that supports the links. . More specifically, in the first joint JT1, the base 15 and the base end portion of the first link 11a are coupled so as to be rotatable about an axis extending in the vertical direction. In the second joint JT2, the distal end portion of the first link 11a and the proximal end portion of the second link 11b are coupled to be rotatable about an axis extending in the horizontal direction.
- the distal end portion of the second link 11b and the proximal end portion of the third link 11c are coupled to be rotatable about an axis extending in the horizontal direction.
- the distal end portion of the third link 11c and the proximal end portion of the fourth link 11d are coupled so as to be rotatable about an axis extending in the longitudinal direction of the fourth link 11d.
- the distal end portion of the fourth link 11d and the proximal end portion of the fifth link 11e are coupled so as to be rotatable around an axis orthogonal to the longitudinal direction of the fourth link 11d.
- the distal end portion of the fifth link 11e and the proximal end portion of the sixth link 11f are coupled so as to be able to rotate.
- a mechanical interface is provided at the tip of the sixth link 11f.
- An end effector 12 (see FIG. 1) corresponding to the work content is detachably attached to the mechanical interface.
- the arm portion 13 of the slave arm 1 is formed by the link-joint joint composed of the first joint JT1, the first link 11a, the second joint JT2, the second link 11b, the third joint JT3, and the third link 11c. Is formed. Further, the wrist portion of the slave arm 1 is formed by a link-joint coupling body including the fourth joint JT4, the fourth link 11d, the fifth joint JT5, the fifth link 11e, the sixth joint JT6, and the sixth link 11f. 14 is formed. The arm portion 13 serves to position the end effector 12, and the wrist portion 14 serves to direct the end effector 12.
- FIG. 3 is a block diagram showing the configuration of the control system of the slave arm 1.
- a specific electrical configuration centered on the motor control unit 16 is shown.
- the joints JT1 to JT6 of the slave arm 1 are provided with drive motors M1 to M6 as an example of an actuator for relatively rotating two members connected to each other.
- the drive motors M1 to M6 are servomotors that are servo-controlled by the motor control unit 16, for example.
- Each of the drive motors M1 to M6 is provided with position sensors E1 to E6 for detecting the rotational position and current sensors C1 to C6 for detecting a current for controlling the rotation.
- the position sensors E1 to E6 may be any sensors that can detect the rotational position of an encoder, resolver, pulse generator, or the like.
- the position sensors E1 to E6, and the current sensors C1 to C6 subscripts 1 to 6 are added to the alphabet corresponding to the joints JT1 to JT6.
- the suffix is omitted and referred to as “JT”, and the same applies to the drive motor M, the position sensor E, and the current sensor C.
- the drive motor M, the position sensor E, and the current sensor C are electrically connected to the motor control unit 16.
- the motor control unit 16 according to the present embodiment can servo-control a plurality of drive motors M by one unit, but a motor control unit corresponding to each drive motor M may be provided.
- the motor control unit 16 generates a drive command value (current command value) based on a position command value, a servo gain, and the like acquired from the control unit 6 (specifically, the slave control unit 61) described later, and generates the drive command value. A corresponding drive current is supplied to the drive motor M. The output rotation angle of the drive motor M is detected by the position sensor E and fed back to the motor control unit 16.
- the functions of the motor control unit 16 and the slave control unit 61 may be realized by a single circuit or a single arithmetic device.
- the input position command value is given to the plus side input of the subtractor 31b.
- a signal representing the rotation angle detected by the position sensor E (current position value) is given to the minus side input of the subtractor 31b.
- the rotation angle is subtracted from the position command value.
- the output of the subtractor 31b is given to the coefficient unit 31c, where it is amplified by the position gain Kp and then given to the + input of the subtractor 31e.
- the minus input of the subtractor 31e is obtained by differentiating the rotation angle from the position sensor E by the differentiator 31d.
- the output of the subtractor 31e is given to the coefficient unit 31f, where it is amplified by the speed gain Kv and then given to the + input of the subtractor 31g.
- the current value from the current sensor C is given to the minus input of the subtractor 31g.
- the subtracted output of the subtractor 31g is input to the amplifier circuit 31h as a drive command value, and the drive current corresponding to the amplified drive command value is supplied to the drive motor M.
- the master device 20 is a means for receiving an operator's operation.
- the master device 20 of the remote control robot system 100 is a master arm 2, that is, an articulated robot arm (manipulator), and the system is such that the slave arm 1 moves following the movement of the master arm 2. 100 is built. That is, the master arm 2 is configured to intuitively operate the position and posture of the slave arm 1.
- the master arm 2 is an articulated robot arm having the same number of joints JTm1 to JTm6 as the slave arm 1, and is configured by sequentially connecting a base 25 and a plurality of links 21a to 21f.
- the connection configuration of the links 21a to 21f of the master arm 2 is substantially the same as the links 11a to 11f of the slave arm 1, and a detailed description thereof will be omitted.
- a pseudo end effector similar to or corresponding to the end effector 12 attached to the slave arm 1 may be attached to the tip of the sixth link 21 f of the master arm 2.
- the joints JTm1 to JTm6 are provided with drive motors Mm1 to Mm6 (not shown) as an example of an actuator for relatively rotating two members connected to each other.
- the drive motors Mm1 to Mm6 are servomotors that are servo-controlled by the motor control unit 26, for example.
- Each of the drive motors Mm1 to Mm6 includes position sensors Em1 to Em6 (not shown) for detecting the rotational position, and current sensors Cm1 to Cm6 (not shown) for detecting a current for controlling the rotation. And are provided.
- the position sensors Em1 to Em6 are, for example, encoders.
- the drive motor Mm, the position sensor Em, and the current sensor Cm are electrically connected to the motor control unit 26 as in the drive system of the slave arm 1 described above.
- the motor control unit 26 according to the present embodiment can servo-control a plurality of drive motors Mm by one unit, but a motor control unit corresponding to each drive motor Mm may be provided.
- the motor control unit 26 drives a drive command value (torque command) based on a position command value, a servo gain, etc. acquired from a control unit 6 (more specifically, the master control unit 62) described later. Value) and a drive current corresponding to the drive command value is supplied to the drive motor Mm.
- the output rotation angle of the drive motor Mm is detected by the position sensor Em and fed back to the motor control unit 26.
- the functions of the motor control unit 26 and the master control unit 62 may be realized by a single circuit or a single or single arithmetic device.
- Slave arm 1 and master arm 2 are articulated robot arms having the same number of axes, but the link length ratios of arm portions 13 and 23 are different. That is, the slave arm 1 and the master arm 2 do not have to be similar.
- the link length of the link is the distance from the joint on the proximal end side to the joint on the distal end side of the link.
- the slave arm 1 and the master arm 2 according to this embodiment are 6-axis robot arms, and the links forming the arm portions 13 and 23 are the first to third links.
- the slave arm 1 having an arm portion 13 with a link length ratio suitable for the work content and work target is introduced into the system 100, while the master arm 2 has an arm portion 23 with a link length ratio that is easy for an operator to handle. Adopted.
- the link length ratio of the first link 11a: second link 11b: third link 11c of the slave arm 1 is 1: 4: 2
- the link length ratio of the three links 21c may be 1: 2: 2.
- the input device 7 is an input unit that is installed outside the work space together with the master arm 2, receives an operation instruction from an operator, and inputs the received operation instruction to the control unit 6.
- an operation other than the operation related to the position and posture of the slave arm 1 is input.
- the input device 7 is provided with one or more operation input tools for inputting an operation command excluding the position and posture of the slave arm 1 such as an operation input tool for selecting the control mode of the slave arm 1 and an emergency stop switch.
- the one or more operation input tools may include known operation input tools such as a touch panel, a key, a lever, a button, a switch, and a dial. Further, as the input device 7, a portable terminal such as a pendant or a tablet may be used.
- the status acquisition device 5 is means for acquiring status information indicating the status of each slave arm 1 in the work space.
- the situation information includes information used for recognizing the position and posture of the slave arm 1 in the work space or the surrounding situation surrounding the slave arm 1. More specifically, the status information is, for example, the position and posture of the slave arm 1 in the work space, the positional relationship between the slave arm 1 and the workpiece, or the position of the assembled component that assembles the slave arm 1 and the workpiece. Information necessary for recognizing the situation of the slave arm 1 and the situation around the slave arm 1 in the work space, such as relationships, is included.
- the status acquisition device 5 can be realized by, for example, an imaging device such as a sensor or a camera, a communication device, an encoder, or the like.
- the sensor include a laser sensor or a radar sensor for measuring the distance or position to the assembly component or the assembly component.
- a stereo camera which is a sensor for measuring the distance from the slave arm 1 to the surrounding object using image data obtained from a plurality of imaging devices can be exemplified.
- the communication device include an assembly component or a component to be assembled, or a communication device that acquires information from a sensor and an imaging device installed at a predetermined position in a work space.
- the encoder include an encoder that can detect the movement amount or position of the slave arm 1.
- the status acquisition device 5 sequentially acquires status information, and the acquired status information is input to a control unit 6 to be described later, and is used for operation control of the slave arm 1 in the control unit 6. Further, the control unit 6 may be configured to control the output device 4 to output the status information.
- the situation acquisition device 5 may be attached to the slave arm 1 itself, or may be attached to an appropriate position in the work space. Further, the number of status acquisition devices 5 to be attached may be one or plural. An appropriate number of situation acquisition devices 5 need only be attached at positions where situation information can be acquired appropriately, and the attachment position and the number of attachments are arbitrary.
- the output device 4 outputs information transmitted from the control unit 6.
- the output device 4 is installed at a position that can be easily seen by an operator operating the master arm 2.
- the output device 4 includes at least a display device 41, and may further include a printer, a speaker, a warning light, and the like.
- the display device 41 the information transmitted from the control unit 6 is displayed and output.
- a speaker information transmitted from the control unit 6 is output as sound.
- a printer the information transmitted from the control unit 6 is printed out on a recording medium such as paper.
- the status information of the slave arm 1 corresponding to each display device 41 may be output.
- the background color of the display device 41 on which the operated slave arm 1 is displayed can be changed so that the operator can recognize which slave arm 1 is the operated slave arm 1.
- An indicator lamp may be provided around the device 41.
- the “operated slave arm 1” is the slave arm 1 that is an operation target of the master device 20 and reflects the operation received by the master device 20 in the operation.
- the storage device 8 stores various task programs used for controlling the slave arm 1.
- the task program may be created as an operation flow for each work.
- the task program is created by teaching, for example, and stored in the storage device 8 in association with the identification information of the slave arm 1 and the task.
- the storage device 8 is described independently of the control unit 6, the storage device included in the control unit 6 may serve as the storage device 8.
- the storage device 8 stores operation sequence information created in advance.
- the operation sequence information is information relating to an operation sequence that defines a series of work steps performed by the slave arm 1 in the work space.
- the operation order of the work process is associated with the control mode of the slave arm 1.
- a task program for causing the slave arm 1 to automatically execute the work is associated with each work process.
- the operation sequence information may include a program for causing the slave arm 1 to automatically perform the work for each work process.
- FIG. 4 shows an example of operation sequence information stored in the storage device 8.
- the operation sequence of the sheet attachment work to the body of the automobile includes a component take-out task T1 for taking out the sheet from the container, a component conveyance task T2 for conveying the sheet to the vicinity of the attachment position of the body, and a sheet in the vicinity of the attachment position to the attachment position. It consists of a component attachment task T3 to be attached, and these tasks T1 to P3 are repeatedly executed in this order.
- the component take-out task T1 and the component transfer task T2 are “automatic portions” in which the slave arm 1 operates in the automatic mode.
- the automatic part of the operation sequence is associated with the automatic mode as the control mode.
- the component attachment task T3 is a “selected portion” in which the slave arm 1 operates in the control mode selected from the automatic mode, the manual mode, and the correction automatic mode.
- a specific control mode is not associated with the selected portion of the operation sequence, and the control mode can be selected.
- FIG. 4 shows the operation sequence of the first slave arm 1A and the operation sequence of the second slave arm 1B side by side. While the first slave arm 1A is executing the component attachment task T3 (that is, the selected portion), the second slave arm 1B performs the component extraction task T1 and the component transport task T2. Further, while the second slave arm 1B is executing the component attachment task T3 (that is, the selected portion), the first slave arm 1A performs the component extraction task T1 and the component transport task T2. As described above, in the operation sequence, the selected portion appears alternately in the first slave arm 1A and the second slave arm 1B, and the selected portion of the first slave arm 1A and the selected portion of the second slave arm 1B are timed. Are created so as not to overlap.
- control unit 6 As shown in FIG. 2, the control unit 6 includes a plurality of slave arms 1, a master device 20, an output device 4, a status acquisition device 5, an input device 7, and a storage device 8 wired or wirelessly. It is connected so that it can communicate.
- the control unit 6 is a so-called computer, and includes an arithmetic processing unit such as a CPU and a storage unit such as a ROM and a RAM (none of which are shown).
- the storage unit stores a control program executed by the control unit 6, various fixed data, and the like.
- the arithmetic processing unit transmits / receives data to / from external devices such as the input device 7, the output device 4, and the storage device 8.
- the arithmetic processing unit inputs detection signals from various sensors and outputs control signals to each control target.
- processing for controlling various operations of the system 100 is performed by the arithmetic processing unit reading and executing software such as a program stored in the storage unit.
- the control unit 6 may execute each process by centralized control by a single computer, or may execute each process by distributed control by cooperation of a plurality of computers. Moreover, the control unit 6 may be comprised from the microcontroller, the programmable logic controller (PLC), etc.
- PLC programmable logic controller
- the control unit 6 includes a host control unit 60, a plurality of slave control units 61, a master control unit 62, a reception unit 63, an output control unit 64, and a correction unit 65 as functional blocks.
- these functional blocks are collectively shown in one control unit 6, but each functional block or a combination of a plurality of functional blocks may be realized by one or more independent computers. In this case, some of these functional blocks may be arranged in the work space, and the remaining part may be arranged in the outside work space.
- the slave control unit 61 controls the operation of the slave arm 1.
- the slave control unit 61 includes a first slave control unit 61A that controls the operation of the first slave arm 1A, and a second slave control unit 61B that controls the operation of the second slave arm 1B.
- the slave control unit 61 may be provided according to the number of slave arms 1 included in the system 100.
- the slave control unit 61 reads out the task program stored in the storage device 8 and generates a position command value according to the task program, and the position control value, servo gain, etc. are transmitted to the motor control unit of the slave arm 1. Give to 16.
- the slave control unit 61 receives the master arm 2 and generates a position command value based on the operation signal received by the receiving unit 63, and the position command value, servo gain, and the like are stored in the slave arm 1. This is given to the motor control unit 16.
- the slave control unit 61 reads out the task program stored in the storage device 8, and based on this task program and the correction command value acquired from the correction unit 65, the position command value (or correction) Position command value) is generated, and the position command value, servo gain, and the like are given to the motor control unit 16 (see FIG. 3). If the correction command value is not given from the correction unit 65 in the correction automatic mode, the correction command value is calculated as zero.
- the master control unit 62 controls the operation of the master arm 2.
- the master control unit 62 operates the master arm 2 so that the master arm 2 moves or changes its posture according to the external force applied to the master arm 2 by the operator. That is, the operation force of the operator is assisted by the operation of the master arm 2. Further, the master control unit 62 may operate the master arm 2 so that the hand portion of the master arm 2 moves along a predetermined trajectory when the operator applies an external force to the master arm 2.
- the master control unit 62 automatically changes the posture of the master arm 2 so that the posture of the master arm 2 corresponds to the new posture of the operated slave arm 1. .
- the master control unit 62 acquires the position information detected by the position sensor E of each joint JT of the new operated slave arm 1 and operates the operated slave arm.
- the joints JTm of the master arm 2 are operated via the motor control unit 26 so that the rotational positions of the corresponding joints between the 1 and the master arm 2 are substantially equal.
- the rotational positions of the n-th joint JTn of the operated slave arm 1 and the n-th joint JTmn of the master arm 2 are equal (where n is 1 to 1). An integer of 6).
- the receiving unit 63 receives an input signal transmitted from the outside of the control unit 6. Examples of the input signal received by the receiving unit 63 include a signal transmitted from the master arm 2, a signal transmitted from the input device 7, and a signal indicating status information transmitted from the status acquisition device 5.
- the output control unit 64 controls the output device 4 and outputs information notified to the operator to the output device 4. For example, when the output device 4 starts a selected portion of the operation sequence, the display device 41 receives information for identifying the target slave arm 1 and information for prompting input of the control mode of the slave arm 1. Output. For example, the output device 4 outputs the status information and the operation status of the slave arm 1 operated by the master arm 2 to the display device 41 when the control mode of the slave arm 1 is the manual mode and the correction automatic mode. Further, for example, the output device 4 outputs an alarm to the speaker or the display device 41 when a problem occurs in the system 100.
- the correction unit 65 corrects the movement of the slave arm 1 based on the operation received by the master arm 2 when the control mode of the slave arm 1 is the correction automatic mode. For example, when the operator moves the master arm 2 and the position of the hand portion of the master arm 2 changes, the master arm 2 accepts the displacement of the hand portion as a correction instruction and inputs it to the control unit 6.
- the receiving unit 63 receives a correction instruction signal when the control mode of the slave arm 1 is the correction automatic mode
- the correction unit 65 generates a correction command value based on the correction instruction signal.
- An arithmetic expression or map for obtaining a correction command value from the correction instruction signal is stored in advance.
- Such a correction command value may be a value proportional to the amount of displacement of the hand portion of the master arm 2, for example.
- the generated correction command value is transmitted to the slave control unit 61, and the corrected position command value is output from the slave control unit 61 to the motor control unit 16 (see FIG. 3).
- the host control unit 60 reads out the operation sequence information stored in the storage device 8, and the slave arm 1, the master arm 2, the output device 4, and the situation acquisition device 5 operate according to the operation sequence information. Commands are output to the control unit 61, master control unit 62, output control unit 64, and correction unit 65.
- control unit 6 reads predetermined operation sequence information stored in the storage device 8, and starts control of the system 100 along with the operation sequence information.
- the control unit 6 reads out and executes the task program of the component extraction task T1 from the storage device 8. Next, the control unit 6 reads and executes the task program for the component transport task T2. In the component take-out task T1 and the component transfer task T2, the control unit 6 controls the operation of the first slave arm 1A in the automatic mode.
- the control unit 6 causes the display device 41 to display a selection screen for prompting the operator to select a control mode for the next component mounting task T3.
- the control unit 6 causes the display device 41 to output the status information of the slave arm 1 (here, the first slave arm 1A) for which the control mode is to be selected.
- the status information displayed and output on the display device 41 may include the identification information of the slave arm 1 shown, the contents of the next process to be performed, and the like.
- the operator visually recognizes the status information of the first slave arm 1A displayed on the display device 41 and selects one of the three control modes.
- the selection of the control mode by the operator is accepted by the master device 20 or the input device 7 and input to the control unit 6.
- the control unit 6 when the automatic mode is selected, the control unit 6 reads the task program of the component attachment task T3 from the storage device 8, and controls the operation of the first slave arm 1A in the automatic mode.
- the control unit 6 controls the operation of the first slave arm 1A in the manual mode.
- the control unit 6 controls the operation of the first slave arm 1A in the correction automatic mode.
- control unit 6 operates the master arm 2 so that the postures of the operated slave arm 1 and the master arm 2 correspond to each other.
- control unit 6 causes the display device 41 to display and output the status information of the operated slave arm 1 over the process.
- the control unit 6 causes the second slave arm 1B to perform the component take-out task T1 and the component transport task T2 in parallel with the component mounting task T3 in the first slave arm 1A. Then, when the component attachment task T3 in the first slave arm 1A is completed and the component take-out task T1 and the component transport task T2 in the second slave arm 1B are completed, the control unit 6 attaches the component to the second slave arm 1B. Task T3 is started, and the first slave arm 1A is caused to start the component extraction task T1. In this way, the control unit 6 sequentially advances the work process along the operation sequence.
- the remote control robot system 100 includes the master device 20 that receives an operator's operation, the plurality of slave arms 1, the storage device 8 that stores the operation sequence information and the task program, A slave control unit 61 (slave control device) that operates the slave arm 1 based on the operation sequence information.
- Each slave arm 1 is sequentially operated by an automatic mode that operates based on a task program stored in advance, a manual mode that operates based on an operator's operation accepted by the master device 20, and an operator's operation accepted by the master device 20. It has a plurality of control modes including a correction automatic mode that operates based on a task program while being corrected.
- the operation sequence information includes an automatic part in which the slave arm 1 performs work in the automatic mode, and a selected part in which the slave arm 1 performs work in one selected from a plurality of control modes.
- the selected portion is configured not to overlap in time.
- the control unit 6 operates the slave arm 1 in the automatic mode in the automatic part, and in the selected part, the slave in the control mode selected for each selected part by the operator among the plurality of control modes. The arm 1 is operated.
- the slave arm 1 performs an operation in an automatic mode and the slave arm 1 performs an operation in one selected from a plurality of control modes.
- the selected portion includes a step in which the slave arm 1 operates by operating the slave arm 1 in a control mode selected for each selected portion by the operator among a plurality of control modes.
- the operator can select the control mode of the slave arm 1 from the automatic mode, the manual mode, and the correction automatic mode according to the work contents and the status of the slave arm 1. Can do.
- the control mode can be selected at the operator's discretion. For example, operations such as gripping fragile parts, precise fitting, accurate positioning, and axis alignment may be performed in a manual mode or a correction automatic mode in which the operation of the operator can be reflected in the movement of the slave arm 1. Is preferred. In such an operation, for example, when a malfunction is expected when the slave arm 1 is operated completely automatically, the correction automatic mode may be selected.
- the operation of the slave arm 1 is based on the automatic operation, and the operation can be corrected by the operator's operation. Therefore, the load on the operator is small compared with the manual mode, and the work efficiency is lowered. Can be suppressed.
- a robot system that does not stop can be realized by the operator selecting an appropriate control mode according to the situation from a plurality of control modes for each work.
- the remote operation robot system 100 and the operation method thereof the manual mode and the correction automatic mode that require the operator's operation do not appear simultaneously in the plurality of slave arms 1. Therefore, a series of operations in which the automatic portion and the selected portion are interwoven can be efficiently performed using two or more slave arms 1A and 1B, and the system 100 can be compared with a case where one slave arm is used. Work content is expanded. That is, the operation of the slave arm 1A in the automatic mode and the operation of the slave arm 1B in one control mode among the automatic mode, the manual mode, and the correction automatic mode can be performed simultaneously. In addition, since one operator remotely operates the plurality of slave arms 1, the idle time of the slave arms and operators is shortened. Therefore, the work efficiency of the system 100 can be improved.
- the remote control robot system 100 acquires the rotational position of each joint JT of the operated slave arm 1 among the plurality of slave arms 1 at the start of the manual mode or the correction automatic mode, and the master arm 2 And a master control unit 62 (master control device) that operates the master arm 2 so that the rotational positions of the corresponding joints JTn and JTmn (n is an integer of 1 to 6) of the operated slave arm 1 are equal to each other. Yes.
- the step in which the slave arm 1 performs the operation receives and accepts selection of one of a plurality of control modes at the start of the selection portion.
- the control mode is the manual mode or the correction automatic mode
- the rotational positions of the corresponding joints JTn and JTmn (n is an integer of 1 to 6) between the operated slave arm 1 and the master arm 2 among the plurality of slave arms are And operating the master arm 2 to be equal to each other.
- the rotation positions of the corresponding joints JTn and JTmn of the master arm 2 and the slave arm 1 to be operated become equal at the start of the work in the manual mode or the correction automatic mode.
- the operator can know the status of each joint JT of the operated slave arm 1 by visually recognizing the master arm 2. Therefore, even if the status information of the operated slave arm 1 displayed on the display device 41 does not indicate the entire operated slave arm 1, the operator can know the general status of the operated slave arm 1.
- the number of joints of the plurality of slave arms 1 is equal, and the master device 20 is the master arm 2 having the same number of joints as the plurality of slave arms 1.
- the link length ratio of the arm portion 23 is different from the link length ratio of at least one arm portion 13 of the slave arm 1.
- the master arm 2 and the slave arm 1 are not limited to similar shapes, the master arm 2 can be easily operated by the operator, and the slave arm 1 can be configured to suit the work contents.
- the remote operation robot system 100 includes the situation acquisition device 5 that obtains the situation information of the plurality of slave arms 1, and the operated target of the plurality of slave arms 1 at the start of the manual mode or the correction automatic mode. And an output device 4 for outputting status information of the slave arm 1.
- the operator can operate the master device 20 while confirming the status information of the operated slave arm 1 output to the output device 4 (for example, the display device 41).
- the output device 4 may display and output guidance for manual operation to the operator.
- the master device 20 is a robot arm that is not similar to the slave arm 1, but the aspect of the master device 20 is not limited to this.
- a robot arm similar to the slave arm 1 may be employed as the master device 20. That is, the master device 20 is a master arm having the same number of joints as the plurality of slave arms 1, and the link length ratio of the arm portions of the master arm is equal to the link length ratio of at least one arm portion 13 of the slave arms 1. It may be a thing.
- the master control unit 62 may operate the master arm so that the rotation positions of the corresponding joints of the master arm and the slave arm 1 to be operated are equal.
- the master device 20 takes a posture corresponding to the slave arm 1, and the operator looks at the master device 20.
- the posture of the slave arm 1 can be sensed.
- the master device 20 is a robot arm, but the master device 20 is not limited to this.
- the master device 20 may be a horizontal or vertical articulated robot having three or more degrees of freedom, or one of known operation means such as a joystick, an operation lever, an operation button, an operation dial, a tablet, and a pendant. It may be a combination of two or more.
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Abstract
Description
前記スレーブアームの各々は、予め記憶されたタスクプログラムに基づいて動作する自動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作に基づいて動作する手動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作によって逐次修正されながら前記タスクプログラムに基づいて動作する修正自動モードとの複数の制御モードを有し、
前記スレーブアームが前記自動モードで作業を行う自動部分と、前記スレーブアームが前記複数の制御モードのうち選択された一つで作業を行う選択部分とを含み、前記複数のスレーブアーム間で前記選択部分が時間的に重複しない動作シーケンス情報を作成するステップと、
前記動作シーケンス情報に基づいて、前記自動部分では前記自動モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させ、前記選択部分では前記複数の制御モードのうち当該選択部分ごとに選択された制御モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させることによって、前記スレーブアームが作業を行うステップとを含むことを特徴としている。
オペレータの操作を受け付けるマスタ装置と、
予め記憶されたタスクプログラムに基づいて動作する自動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作に基づいて動作する手動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作によって逐次修正されながら前記タスクプログラムに基づいて動作する修正自動モードとの複数の制御モードを有する複数のスレーブアームと、
前記スレーブアームが前記自動モードで作業を行う自動部分と前記スレーブアームが前記複数の制御モードのうち選択された一つで作業を行う選択部分とを含み、前記複数のスレーブアーム間で前記選択部分が時間的に重複しない動作シーケンス情報、及び、前記タスクプログラムを記憶した記憶装置と、
前記動作シーケンス情報に基づいて、前記自動部分では前記自動モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させ、前記選択部分では前記複数の制御モードのうち当該選択部分ごとに選択された制御モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させる、スレーブ制御装置とを備えることを特徴としている。
図1は本発明の一実施形態に係る遠隔操作ロボットシステム100を備えた自動車組立ラインの様子が示す図であり、図2は遠隔操作ロボットシステム100の概略構成を示すブロック図である。図1及び図2に示すように、遠隔操作ロボットシステム100は、マスタースレーブ方式のロボットシステムであって、複数のスレーブアーム1(1A,1B)と、マスタ装置20と、入力装置7と、出力装置4と、状況取得装置5と、システム100を包括的に制御する制御ユニット6とを備えてなる。本明細書では、複数のスレーブアーム1A,1Bを区別しないときには、数字1に添えられたアルファベットのA又はBを省略して単に「スレーブアーム1」と表す。
図1には、ワークWの搬送ラインと平行に離間して設置された第1スレーブアーム1Aと第2スレーブアーム1Bとの、2台のスレーブアーム1が示されている。2台のスレーブアーム1はいずれも垂直多関節ロボットであって、エンドエフェクタ12を除いて実質的に同一の構成を有している。なお、遠隔操作ロボットシステム100が備える複数のスレーブアーム1の態様は本実施形態に限定されず、各スレーブアーム1は3以上の関節数(軸数)を有する水平又は垂直多関節ロボットアーム(マニピュレータ)であればよい。また、複数のスレーブアーム1には、リンク長や関節数の異なる複数種類のロボットアームが含まれていてもよい。
マスタ装置20は、オペレータの操作を受け付ける手段である。本実施形態に係る遠隔操作ロボットシステム100のマスタ装置20は、マスタアーム2、即ち、多関節ロボットアーム(マニピュレータ)であって、スレーブアーム1がマスタアーム2の動きに追従して動くようにシステム100が構築されている。つまり、マスタアーム2は、スレーブアーム1の位置や姿勢を直感的に操作できるように構成されている。
入力装置7は、マスタアーム2と共に作業空間外に設置され、操作者からの操作指示を受け付け、受け付けた操作指示を制御ユニット6に入力する入力手段である。入力装置7では、スレーブアーム1の位置や姿勢に係る操作以外の操作が入力される。入力装置7には、スレーブアーム1の制御モードを選択するための操作入力具や、非常停止スイッチなど、スレーブアーム1の位置や姿勢を除く操作指令を入力する1以上の操作入力具が設けられている。1以上の操作入力具には、例えば、タッチパネル、キー、レバー、ボタン、スイッチ、ダイヤルなどの既知の操作入力具が含まれていてよい。また、入力装置7として、ペンダントやタブレットなどの携帯端末が用いられてもよい。
状況取得装置5は、各スレーブアーム1の作業空間内における状況を示す状況情報を取得する手段である。状況情報は、作業空間内におけるスレーブアーム1の位置及び姿勢等、或いはスレーブアーム1を取り巻く周囲の状況を認識するために利用する情報を含む。より具体的には、状況情報は、例えば、作業空間内におけるスレーブアーム1の位置及び姿勢、スレーブアーム1とワークとの位置関係、又はスレーブアーム1とワークを組付ける被組付部品との位置関係等、作業空間内においてスレーブアーム1の状況及びスレーブアーム1の周囲の状況を認識可能とするために必要な情報が含まれる。
出力装置4は、制御ユニット6から送信された情報を出力するものである。出力装置4は、マスタアーム2を操作しているオペレータから視認しやすい位置に設置される。出力装置4には、少なくともディスプレイ装置41が含まれており、更に、プリンタやスピーカや警報灯などが含まれていてもよい。ディスプレイ装置41では、制御ユニット6から送信された情報が表示出力される。例えば、スピーカでは、制御ユニット6から送信された情報が音として出力される。また、例えば、プリンタでは、制御ユニット6から送信された情報が紙などの記録媒体に印字出力される。
記憶装置8には、スレーブアーム1の制御に用いられる各種タスクプログラムが記憶されている。タスクプログラムは、作業ごとの動作フローとして作成されていてよい。タスクプログラムは、例えば、ティーチングにより作成され、スレーブアーム1の識別情報とタスクとに対応付けられて記憶装置8に格納される。なお、記憶装置8は制御ユニット6から独立して記載されているが、制御ユニット6が備える記憶装置が記憶装置8としての機能を担ってもよい。
図2に示すように、制御ユニット6には、複数のスレーブアーム1と、マスタ装置20と、出力装置4と、状況取得装置5と、入力装置7と、記憶装置8とが有線又は無線で通信可能に接続されている。
続いて、上記構成の遠隔操作ロボットシステム100の動作の一例を説明する。
2 :マスタアーム
4 :出力装置
5 :状況取得装置
6 :制御ユニット
7 :入力装置
8 :記憶装置
11a~11f :リンク
13 :腕部
15 :基台
16 :モータ制御部
20 :マスタ装置
21a~21f :リンク
23 :腕部
25 :基台
26 :モータ制御部
41 :ディスプレイ装置
60 :ホスト制御部
61,61A,61B :スレーブ制御部(スレーブ制御装置)
62 :マスタ制御部(マスタ制御装置)
63 :受信部
64 :出力制御部
65 :修正部
100 :遠隔操作ロボットシステム
C1~6,Cm1~6 :電流センサ
E1~6,Em1~6 :位置センサ
JT1~6,JTm1~6 :関節
M1~6,Mm1~6 :駆動モータ
Claims (7)
- マスタ装置と複数のスレーブアームとを備えた遠隔操作ロボットシステムの運転方法であって、
前記スレーブアームの各々は、予め記憶されたタスクプログラムに基づいて動作する自動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作に基づいて動作する手動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作によって逐次修正されながら前記タスクプログラムに基づいて動作する修正自動モードとの複数の制御モードを有し、
前記スレーブアームが前記自動モードで作業を行う自動部分と、前記スレーブアームが前記複数の制御モードのうち選択された一つで作業を行う選択部分とを含み、前記複数のスレーブアーム間で前記選択部分が時間的に重複しない動作シーケンス情報を作成するステップと、
前記動作シーケンス情報に基づいて、前記自動部分では前記自動モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させ、前記選択部分では前記複数の制御モードのうち当該選択部分ごとに選択された制御モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させることによって、前記スレーブアームが作業を行うステップとを含む、
遠隔操作ロボットシステムの運転方法。 - 前記マスタ装置は、前記スレーブアームと同じ関節数のマスタアームであって、
前記スレーブアームが作業を行うステップが、
前記選択部分の開始時に、前記複数の制御モードのうち一つの選択を受け付けることと、
前記受け付けた制御モードが前記手動モード又は前記修正自動モードであるときに、前記スレーブアームのうち前記マスタアームが受け付けた操作を動作に反映させる被操作スレーブアームと前記マスタアームとの対応する関節の回転位置が各々等しくなるように、前記マスタアームを動作させることとを含む、
請求項1に記載の遠隔操作ロボットシステムの運転方法。 - オペレータの操作を受け付けるマスタ装置と、
予め記憶されたタスクプログラムに基づいて動作する自動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作に基づいて動作する手動モードと、前記マスタ装置が受け付けたオペレータの操作によって逐次修正されながら前記タスクプログラムに基づいて動作する修正自動モードとの複数の制御モードを有する複数のスレーブアームと、
前記スレーブアームが前記自動モードで作業を行う自動部分と前記スレーブアームが前記複数の制御モードのうち選択された一つで作業を行う選択部分とを含み、前記複数のスレーブアーム間で前記選択部分が時間的に重複しない動作シーケンス情報、及び、前記タスクプログラムを記憶した記憶装置と、
前記動作シーケンス情報に基づいて、前記自動部分では前記自動モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させ、前記選択部分では前記複数の制御モードのうち当該選択部分ごとに選択された制御モードで前記スレーブアームを動作させる、スレーブ制御装置とを備える、
遠隔操作ロボットシステム。 - 前記マスタ装置は、前記スレーブアームと同じ関節数のマスタアームであって、
前記マスタアームの腕部のリンク長比が前記スレーブアームのうち少なくとも一つの腕部のリンク長比と等しい、
請求項3に記載の遠隔操作ロボットシステム。 - 前記マスタ装置は、前記スレーブアームと同じ関節数のマスタアームであって、
前記マスタアームの腕部のリンク長比が前記スレーブアームのうち少なくとも一つの腕部のリンク長比と異なる、
請求項3に記載の遠隔操作ロボットシステム。 - 前記手動モード又は前記修正自動モードの開始時に、前記スレーブアームのうち前記マスタアームが受け付けた操作を動作に反映させる被操作スレーブアームの各関節の回転位置を取得し、前記マスタアームと前記被操作スレーブアームの対応する関節の回転位置が各々等しくなるように、前記マスタアームを動作させるマスタ制御装置を備える、
請求項4又は5に記載の遠隔操作ロボットシステム。 - 前記スレーブアームの状況情報を取得する状況取得装置と、
前記手動モード又は前記修正自動モードの開始時に、前記スレーブアームのうち前記マスタ装置が受け付けた操作を動作に反映させる被操作スレーブアームの前記状況情報を出力する出力装置とを更に備える、
請求項3~6のいずれか一項に記載の遠隔操作ロボットシステム。
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| JP2019067211A (ja) * | 2017-10-02 | 2019-04-25 | 株式会社オカムラ | 管理システム、管理システムの制御方法及びプログラム |
| JP2020097084A (ja) * | 2018-12-18 | 2020-06-25 | ファナック株式会社 | ロボットシステムとその調整方法 |
| JP2021058983A (ja) * | 2019-10-09 | 2021-04-15 | Telexistence株式会社 | ロボット制御装置、ロボット制御方法及びロボット制御システム |
| JP7402450B2 (ja) | 2019-10-09 | 2023-12-21 | Telexistence株式会社 | ロボット制御装置、ロボット制御方法及びロボット制御システム |
| JP2023136024A (ja) * | 2022-03-16 | 2023-09-29 | Necプラットフォームズ株式会社 | 制御システム、制御方法およびプログラム |
| JP7513292B2 (ja) | 2022-03-16 | 2024-07-09 | Necプラットフォームズ株式会社 | 制御システム、制御方法およびプログラム |
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