WO2017026485A1 - 電池用セパレータ - Google Patents
電池用セパレータ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2017026485A1 WO2017026485A1 PCT/JP2016/073452 JP2016073452W WO2017026485A1 WO 2017026485 A1 WO2017026485 A1 WO 2017026485A1 JP 2016073452 W JP2016073452 W JP 2016073452W WO 2017026485 A1 WO2017026485 A1 WO 2017026485A1
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- Prior art keywords
- battery separator
- acrylic resin
- vinylidene fluoride
- separator according
- hexafluoropropylene copolymer
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/446—Composite material consisting of a mixture of organic and inorganic materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/403—Manufacturing processes of separators, membranes or diaphragms
- H01M50/406—Moulding; Embossing; Cutting
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/417—Polyolefins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/42—Acrylic resins
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/411—Organic material
- H01M50/414—Synthetic resins, e.g. thermoplastics or thermosetting resins
- H01M50/426—Fluorocarbon polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/431—Inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/443—Particulate material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/451—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising layers of only organic material and layers containing inorganic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
- H01M50/449—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure
- H01M50/457—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material having a layered structure comprising three or more layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/463—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by their shape
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/489—Separators, membranes, diaphragms or spacing elements inside the cells, characterised by their physical properties, e.g. swelling degree, hydrophilicity or shut down properties
- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a battery separator.
- Battery separators are required to have mechanical strength, heat resistance, ion permeability, pore blocking properties (shutdown properties), melt-breaking properties (meltdown properties), and the like. For this reason, the use of a separator for a battery in which a porous film and a porous layer are provided on the surface has been studied. Further, in recent years, unevenness of the electrode surface and partial separation of the separator-electrode interface due to electrode expansion / contraction caused by charging / discharging has led to an increase in battery internal resistance and a decrease in battery cycle characteristics. ing.
- the separator is required to have adhesiveness with the electrode in the battery (that is, in the presence of a non-aqueous electrolyte) (hereinafter referred to as wet adhesiveness).
- wet adhesiveness A battery separator provided with a porous layer containing a fluorine resin that swells in an electrolytic solution has been studied.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an electrode including a positive electrode, a negative electrode, a three-layer separator made of polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene, and an adhesive resin layer made of polyvinylidene fluoride and alumina powder disposed between the electrode and the separator. The body is listed.
- Example 1 of Patent Document 2 includes an NMP solution containing a first polymer (polyvinylidene fluoride homopolymer), a second polymer (acrylonitrile monomer, and a monomer derived from 1,3-butadiene. And an NMP solution containing a methacrylic acid monomer and a (meth) butyl acrylate monomer) with a primary mixer to prepare an NMP solution of a binder, and then the prepared NMP solution And an organic separator with a porous film obtained by applying a slurry prepared by mixing and dispersing alumina particles to a polypropylene separator.
- Patent Document 3 a compound material composed of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (VdF-HFP copolymer) and polyethyl methacrylate was dissolved in an NMP solution in which spherical alumina powder was dispersed. A slurry prepared by adding an NMP solution and mixing with a ball mill was applied to a base PET film and dried, and the positive electrode and the negative electrode were thermocompression bonded through an inorganic fine particle-containing sheet (insulating adhesive layer) obtained by drying. An electrode body is described.
- Example 1 of Patent Document 4 a slurry obtained by adding a VdF-HFP copolymer and cyanoethyl pullulan to acetone, then adding barium titanate powder, and dispersing with a ball mill is applied to a polyethylene porous membrane.
- the separator obtained is described.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries in particular lithium ion secondary batteries
- an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator, a cylindrical battery using a wound electrode body (rolled electrode body), and the wound electrode body is press-molded and laminated examples thereof include a pouch battery covered with an exterior body and a square battery inserted into a rectangular exterior can.
- the active material surface of the electrode and the separator are not sufficiently bonded in the manufacturing process of the electrode body, a gap will be generated and the wound electrode body will bend or distort, and will not fit within the prescribed volume.
- a problem is assumed.
- the conveyance of the electrode body may be hindered or the insertion into the exterior body may be difficult, and the productivity may be significantly reduced.
- the gap is maintained even after the electrolyte solution is injected, and the adhesion between the electrode and the separator becomes non-uniform, resulting in deterioration of the cycle characteristics of the battery. This tendency is expected to appear more prominently as the battery becomes larger.
- the separator has an adhesive property with the electrode when the electrolyte in the electrode body manufacturing process is not wet (adhesion when dry) Sex) has been required.
- an adhesive property with the electrode when the electrolyte in the electrode body manufacturing process is not wet (adhesion when dry) Sex) has been required.
- the air permeability of the separator is deteriorated.
- the adhesion function for maintaining the adhesion between the electrodes when wet is impaired. For this reason, it is extremely difficult to achieve both wet adhesiveness and dry adhesiveness.
- the present inventors provide a battery separator having excellent dry adhesiveness and wet adhesiveness, which is a new problem in preparation for the future enlargement of batteries without deteriorating the air resistance. Is aimed at.
- the wet adhesion means the adhesion between the separator and the electrode in a state in which the separator contains an electrolytic solution, and is expressed by the wet bending strength obtained by a measurement method described later.
- the adhesiveness at the time of drying means the adhesiveness between the separator and the electrode in a state where the separator does not substantially contain the electrolyte, and is expressed by the bending strength at the time of drying obtained by a measuring method described later. In addition, it does not contain substantially means that the electrolyte solution in a separator is 500 ppm or less.
- a battery separator and a manufacturing method thereof have the following configurations. That is, (1) a microporous membrane and a porous layer provided on at least one surface of the microporous membrane, the porous layer including a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and an acrylic resin,
- the vinylidene chloride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer contains monomer units having a hydrophilic group, contains hexafluoropropylene monomer units in an amount of 0.3 mol% to 3 mol%, and the acrylic resin is a butyl acrylate monomer. It is a battery separator containing a monomer unit.
- the porous layer preferably contains particles.
- the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer preferably contains 0.1 mol% or more and 5 mol% or less of a monomer unit having a hydrophilic group.
- the content of the acrylic resin is 5% by mass or more and less than 40% by mass with respect to the total amount of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and the acrylic resin. preferable.
- the acrylic resin is preferably an acrylic copolymer containing a butyl acrylate unit and an acrylonitrile unit.
- the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer preferably has a mass average molecular weight of 500,000 to 2,000,000.
- the content of butyl acrylate units in the acrylic resin is preferably 50 mol% or more and 75 mol% or less.
- the battery separator according to the present invention preferably has a wet bending strength of 14 N or more and a dry bending strength of 7 N or more.
- the content of the particles is 50% by mass or more and 85% by mass or less based on the total amount of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, the acrylic resin, and the particles. Preferably there is.
- the thickness of the porous layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less per side.
- the battery separator according to the present invention preferably contains at least one selected from the group consisting of alumina, titania, and boehmite.
- the battery separator according to the present invention preferably has an average particle size of 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the microporous membrane is preferably a polyolefin microporous membrane.
- the battery separator manufacturing method of the present invention has the following configuration. That is, (14) A method for producing a battery separator comprising the following steps (a) to (c) in sequence.
- a step of obtaining a fluororesin solution in which a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is dissolved in a solvent (b) A step of adding an acrylic resin solution to the fluororesin solution and mixing to obtain a coating solution (c) The process of applying the coating liquid to the microporous membrane, immersing it in a coagulation bath, washing and drying
- a battery separator that is compatible with adhesiveness at the time of drying and adhesiveness at the time of wettability, in particular, a battery separator suitable for a wound type large battery, without deteriorating the air resistance.
- the microporous membrane means a membrane having voids connected to the inside.
- the microporous membrane is not particularly limited, and a microporous membrane containing a polyolefin resin can be used.
- the resin constituting the microporous film is a polyolefin resin
- the present invention is not limited thereto.
- Polyolefin resin The polyolefin resin constituting the polyolefin microporous membrane has a polyethylene resin as a main component.
- the content of the polyethylene resin is preferably 70% by mass or more, more preferably 90% by mass or more, and further preferably 100% by mass, where the total mass of the polyolefin resin is 100% by mass.
- polystyrene resin examples include a homopolymer obtained by polymerizing ethylene, propylene, 1-butene, 4-methyl 1-pentene, 1-hexene and the like, a two-stage polymer, a copolymer, or a mixture thereof. You may add various additives, such as antioxidant and an inorganic filler, to the polyolefin resin in the range which does not impair the effect of this invention as needed.
- Method for producing polyolefin microporous membrane is not particularly limited as long as a polyolefin microporous membrane having desired characteristics can be produced, and conventionally known methods can be used.
- the methods described in Japanese Patent No. 2132327, Japanese Patent No. 3347835, International Publication No. 2006/137540, and the like can be used.
- the following steps (1) to (5) are preferably included, and the following steps (6) to (8) may be further included.
- Step of melt-kneading the polyolefin resin and a film forming solvent to prepare a polyolefin solution (2) Step of extruding and cooling the polyolefin solution to form a gel sheet (3) Stretching the gel sheet (4) The process of removing the film-forming solvent from the stretched gel sheet (5) The process of drying the sheet after removing the film-forming solvent (6) The sheet after drying Second stretching step for stretching (7) Step for heat-treating the dried sheet (8) Step for crosslinking and / or hydrophilizing the sheet after the stretching step
- melt-kneading method for example, a method using a twin-screw extruder described in the specifications of Japanese Patent No. 2132327 and Japanese Patent No. 3347835 can be used. Since the melt-kneading method is well-known, description is abbreviate
- the blending ratio of the polyolefin resin and the film-forming solvent in the polyolefin solution is not particularly limited, but it is preferably 70 to 80 parts by weight of the film-forming solvent with respect to 20 to 30 parts by weight of the polyolefin resin.
- the ratio of the polyolefin resin is within the above range, swell and neck-in can be prevented at the die exit when extruding the polyolefin solution, and the moldability and self-supporting property of the extruded molded body (gel-shaped molded body) are improved.
- a polyolefin solution is fed from an extruder to a die and extruded into a sheet.
- a plurality of polyolefin solutions having the same or different compositions may be fed from an extruder to a single die, where they are laminated in layers and extruded into sheets.
- the extrusion method may be either a flat die method or an inflation method.
- the extrusion temperature is preferably 140 to 250 ° C.
- the extrusion speed is preferably 0.2 to 15 m / min.
- the film thickness can be adjusted by adjusting each extrusion amount of the polyolefin solution.
- an extrusion method for example, methods disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2132327 and Japanese Patent No. 3347835 can be used.
- a gel-like sheet is formed by cooling the obtained extruded product.
- a method for forming the gel-like sheet for example, methods disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2132327 and Japanese Patent No. 3347835 can be used. Cooling is preferably performed at a rate of 50 ° C./min or more at least up to the gelation temperature. Cooling is preferably performed to 25 ° C. or lower. By cooling, the polyolefin microphase separated by the film-forming solvent can be immobilized. When the cooling rate is within the above range, the crystallization degree is maintained in an appropriate range, and a gel-like sheet suitable for stretching is obtained.
- a method of contacting with a cooling medium such as cold air or cooling water, a method of contacting with a cooling roll, or the like can be used, but it is preferable that the cooling is performed by contacting with a roll cooled with a cooling medium.
- seat is extended
- the gel-like sheet is preferably stretched at a predetermined ratio after heating by a tenter method, a roll method, an inflation method, or a combination thereof.
- the stretching may be uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching, but biaxial stretching is preferred. In the case of biaxial stretching, any of simultaneous biaxial stretching, sequential stretching, and multistage stretching (for example, a combination of simultaneous biaxial stretching and sequential stretching) may be used.
- the stretching ratio (area stretching ratio) in this step is preferably 9 times or more, more preferably 16 times or more, and particularly preferably 25 times or more.
- the draw ratios in the machine direction (MD) and the width direction (TD) may be the same or different.
- the draw ratio in this process means the area draw ratio of the microporous film immediately before being used for the next process on the basis of the microporous film immediately before this process.
- the stretching temperature in this step is preferably in the range of the crystal dispersion temperature (Tcd) to Tcd + 30 ° C. of the polyolefin resin, and in the range of crystal dispersion temperature (Tcd) + 5 ° C. to crystal dispersion temperature (Tcd) + 28 ° C. It is more preferable that the temperature be within the range of Tcd + 10 ° C. to Tcd + 26 ° C.
- the stretching temperature is preferably 90 to 140 ° C., more preferably 100 to 130 ° C.
- the crystal dispersion temperature (Tcd) is determined by measuring the dynamic viscoelasticity temperature characteristics according to ASTM D4065.
- the stretching as described above causes cleavage between polyethylene lamellae, the polyethylene phase becomes finer, and a large number of fibrils are formed. Fibrils form a three-dimensional irregularly connected network structure. Stretching improves the mechanical strength and enlarges the pores. However, when stretching is performed under appropriate conditions, the through-hole diameter can be controlled, and a high porosity can be achieved even with a thinner film thickness.
- the film may be stretched by providing a temperature distribution in the film thickness direction, whereby a microporous film having excellent mechanical strength can be obtained. Details of this method are described in Japanese Patent No. 3347854.
- the film-forming solvent is removed (washed) using a cleaning solvent. Since the polyolefin phase is phase-separated from the film-forming solvent phase, removing the film-forming solvent consists of fibrils that form a fine three-dimensional network structure, and pores (voids) that communicate irregularly in three dimensions. A porous membrane having the following is obtained. Since the cleaning solvent and the method for removing the film-forming solvent using the same are known, the description thereof is omitted. For example, the methods disclosed in Japanese Patent No. 2132327 and Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-256099 can be used.
- the microporous film from which the film-forming solvent has been removed is dried by a heat drying method or an air drying method.
- the drying temperature is preferably not higher than the crystal dispersion temperature (Tcd) of the polyolefin resin, and particularly preferably 5 ° C. or more lower than Tcd. Drying is preferably performed until the residual cleaning solvent is 5% by mass or less, more preferably 3% by mass or less, with the microporous membrane being 100% by mass (dry mass).
- Tcd crystal dispersion temperature
- Second stretching step It is preferable to stretch the dried microporous membrane in at least a uniaxial direction.
- the microporous membrane can be stretched by the tenter method or the like in the same manner as described above while heating.
- the stretching may be uniaxial stretching or biaxial stretching. In the case of biaxial stretching, either simultaneous biaxial stretching or sequential stretching may be used.
- the stretching temperature in this step is not particularly limited, but is usually preferably 90 to 135 ° C, more preferably 95 to 130 ° C.
- the stretching ratio (area stretching ratio) in the uniaxial direction of stretching of the microporous membrane is 1.0 to 2.0 times in the machine direction or the width direction in the case of uniaxial stretching.
- the lower limit of the area stretching ratio is preferably 1.0 times or more, more preferably 1.1 times or more, and still more preferably 1.2 times or more.
- the upper limit is preferably 3.5 times or less.
- the stretching ratio in the machine direction and the width direction may be the same or different from each other in the machine direction and the width direction.
- the draw ratio in this process means the draw ratio of the microporous film just before being provided to the next process on the basis of the microporous film immediately before this process.
- the microporous film after drying can be heat-treated.
- the crystal is stabilized by heat treatment, and the lamella is made uniform.
- heat setting treatment and / or heat relaxation treatment can be used.
- the heat setting treatment is a heat treatment in which heating is performed while keeping the dimensions of the film unchanged.
- the thermal relaxation treatment is a heat treatment that heat-shrinks the film in the machine direction or the width direction during heating.
- the heat setting treatment is preferably performed by a tenter method or a roll method.
- a thermal relaxation treatment method a method disclosed in Japanese Patent Application Laid-Open No. 2002-256099 can be given.
- the heat treatment temperature is preferably within the range of Tcd to Tm of the polyolefin resin, more preferably within the range of the stretching temperature ⁇ 5 ° C. of the microporous membrane, and particularly preferably within the range of the second stretching temperature ⁇ 3 ° C. of the microporous membrane.
- a crosslinking treatment and a hydrophilization treatment can also be performed on the microporous membrane after bonding or stretching.
- the crosslinking treatment is performed by irradiating the microporous film with ionizing radiation such as ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and electron beams.
- ionizing radiation such as ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, ⁇ rays, and electron beams.
- electron beam irradiation an electron dose of 0.1 to 100 Mrad is preferable, and an acceleration voltage of 100 to 300 kV is preferable.
- the meltdown temperature of the microporous membrane is increased by the crosslinking treatment.
- the hydrophilic treatment can be performed by monomer grafting, surfactant treatment, corona discharge, or the like. Monomer grafting is preferably performed after the crosslinking treatment.
- the porous layer included in the battery separator according to the present invention includes a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and an acrylic resin. This makes it possible to achieve both adhesiveness when dry and adhesiveness when wet.
- Vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (VdF-HFP) copolymer The vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer used in the present invention has a high affinity with a non-aqueous electrolyte and is suitable for a non-aqueous electrolyte. High chemical and physical stability. For this reason, the porous layer containing this copolymer exhibits adhesiveness when wet, and can sufficiently maintain affinity with the electrolyte even when used at high temperatures.
- the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer contains a monomer unit having a hydrophilic group.
- hydrophilic group examples include a hydroxyl group, a carboxylic acid group, a carboxylic acid ester group, a sulfonic acid group, and salts thereof.
- a carboxylic acid group and a carboxylic acid ester group are preferable.
- hydrophilic group In order to introduce a hydrophilic group into vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, for example, in the synthesis of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, maleic anhydride, maleic acid, maleic acid ester, maleic acid monomethyl ester
- examples thereof include a method of introducing a monomer having a hydrophilic group such as a main chain by copolymerization and a method of introducing a monomer as a side chain by grafting.
- the lower limit of the content of the monomer unit having a hydrophilic group in the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is preferably 0.1 mol%, more preferably 0.3 mol%, and the upper limit is 5 mol. % Is preferable, and 4 mol% is more preferable.
- the content of the monomer unit having a hydrophilic group is 5 mol% or less, sufficient polymer crystallinity can be ensured, so that the degree of swelling with respect to the electrolyte can be kept low, and high wet adhesion can be obtained. Moreover, when particles are included in the porous layer, dropping of the particles can be prevented by setting the content of the monomer unit having a hydrophilic group within the above preferable range.
- the content of the monomer unit having a hydrophilic group in the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer can be measured by FT-IR, NMR, quantitative titration or the like. For example, in the case of a carboxylic acid group, it can be determined from the absorption intensity ratio of C—H stretching vibration and C ⁇ O stretching vibration of a carboxyl group using FT-IR as a reference for a homopolymer.
- the lower limit of the content of the hexafluoropropylene monomer unit in the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is preferably 0.3 mol%, more preferably 0.5 mol%, and the upper limit is 3 mol%. Is more preferable, and 2.5 mol% is more preferable.
- the content of the hexafluoropropylene monomer unit is less than 0.3 mol%, the polymer crystallinity increases and the degree of swelling with respect to the electrolytic solution decreases, so that sufficient wet adhesion cannot be obtained.
- the content of hexafluoropropylene exceeds 3 mol%, it will swell excessively with respect to the electrolyte solution, and the wet adhesiveness will decrease.
- the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer can be obtained by a known polymerization method.
- a known polymerization method for example, the method exemplified in JP-A-11-130821 can be mentioned.
- ion-exchanged water, maleic acid monomethyl ester, vinylidene fluoride and hexafluoropropylene are placed in an autoclave to perform suspension polymerization, and then the polymer slurry is dehydrated, washed with water and dried to obtain a polymer powder.
- methylcellulose as a suspending agent and diisopropyl peroxydicarbonate as a radical initiator can be used as appropriate.
- the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer may be obtained by further polymerizing another monomer unit other than the monomer unit having a hydrophilic group as long as the characteristics are not impaired.
- the monomer other than the monomer unit having a hydrophilic group include monomer units such as tetrafluoroethylene, trifluoroethylene, trichloroethylene, and vinyl fluoride.
- the lower limit of the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is preferably 500,000, more preferably 900,000, and the upper limit is preferably 2,000,000, more preferably 1,500,000.
- Acrylic resin is a copolymer containing butyl acrylate units.
- the porous layer containing an acrylic resin can exhibit adhesiveness when dried.
- flexibility of a coating film increases with butyl acrylate and the effect which suppresses drop-off
- the acrylic resin is preferably a copolymer of butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile from the viewpoint of electrode adhesion.
- the lower limit of the content of butyl acrylate units in the acrylic resin is preferably 50 mol%, more preferably 55 mol%, and the upper limit is preferably 75 mol%, more preferably 70 mol%.
- the porous layer can be provided with appropriate flexibility, and the coating film can be prevented from falling off.
- the content of the butyl acrylate unit in the acrylic resin within the above preferred range, a good balance between the adhesiveness during drying and the adhesiveness during wetness can be easily obtained.
- the acrylic resin can be obtained by a known polymerization method, for example, a method exemplified in JP2013-206846A. Ion exchange water, n-butyl acrylate and acrylonitrile are charged into an autoclave equipped with a stirrer and emulsion polymerization is performed to obtain an aqueous dispersion of polymer particles. The water in the system is replaced with N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, and an acrylic resin is obtained. And the like. At the time of polymerization, potassium persulfate as a radical polymerization initiator and t-dodecyl mercaptan as a molecular weight regulator may be appropriately used.
- the content of the acrylic resin is preferably 5% by mass with respect to the total amount of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and the acrylic resin, preferably 40% by mass, more preferably 20% by mass. It is. In particular, the upper limit value is more preferably less than 10% by mass. By setting it within the above preferred range, sufficient adhesiveness during drying and adhesiveness during wetness can be obtained. By setting the content of the acrylic resin to 5% by mass or more, the wet adhesiveness and the dry adhesiveness can be more fully compatible. When the content of the acrylic resin is 40% by mass or less, the effect of adhesiveness when wet by the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is easily obtained.
- the porous layer of the battery separator according to the present invention may include particles. By including particles in the porous layer, the probability of a short circuit between the positive electrode and the negative electrode can be lowered, and an improvement in safety can be expected.
- the particles may be inorganic particles or organic particles.
- Inorganic particles include calcium carbonate, calcium phosphate, amorphous silica, crystalline glass particles, kaolin, talc, titania, alumina, silica-alumina composite oxide particles, barium sulfate, calcium fluoride, lithium fluoride, zeolite, Examples include molybdenum sulfide, mica, and boehmite.
- titania, alumina, and boehmite are preferable because of the crystal growth property, cost, and availability of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer.
- organic particles examples include crosslinked polystyrene particles, crosslinked acrylic resin particles, and crosslinked methyl methacrylate particles.
- the content of the particles contained in the porous layer is preferably 85% by mass, more preferably 80% by mass, more preferably 80% by mass with respect to the total amount of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, acrylic resin and particles.
- the lower limit is preferably 50% by mass, more preferably 60% by mass, and still more preferably 65% by mass.
- the average particle diameter of the particles is preferably 1.5 times or more and 50 times or less, more preferably 2.0 times or more and 20 times the average pore diameter of the microporous membrane, from the viewpoint of suppressing dropout of the particles. It is as follows.
- the average flow pore size was measured according to JISK3832 and ASTM F316-86, and for example, measured in the order of Dry-up and Wet-up using a palm porometer (PMI, CFP-1500A). For the wet-up, pressure was applied to a microporous membrane sufficiently immersed in Galwick (trade name) manufactured by PMI, whose surface tension is known, and the maximum pore size was defined as the pore size converted from the pressure at which air began to penetrate.
- Galwick trade name
- d C ⁇ ⁇ / P
- d ( ⁇ m) is the pore diameter of the microporous membrane
- ⁇ (mN / m) is the surface tension of the liquid
- P (Pa) is the pressure
- C is a constant.
- the average particle size of the particles is preferably 0.3 ⁇ m or more and 1.8 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 1.5 ⁇ m or less, from the viewpoint of slipperiness with the winding core during cell winding and particle dropping. More preferably, it is 1.0 ⁇ m or more and 3.0 ⁇ m or less.
- the average particle diameter of the particles can be measured using a laser diffraction method or dynamic light scattering method measuring device. For example, particles dispersed in an aqueous solution containing a surfactant using an ultrasonic probe were measured with a particle size distribution measuring apparatus (manufactured by Nikkiso Co., Ltd., Microtrac HRA) and accumulated 50% from the small particle side in terms of volume.
- the value of the particle size (D50) at the time is preferably the average particle size.
- Examples of the shape of the particles include a true spherical shape, a substantially spherical shape, a plate shape, and a needle shape, but are not particularly limited.
- the film thickness of the porous layer is preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 3 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 1 ⁇ m or less, 2.5 ⁇ m or more, and further preferably 1 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less. If the film thickness per side is 0.5 ⁇ m or more, the adhesiveness when wet and the adhesiveness when dry can be secured. If the film thickness per side is 3 ⁇ m or less, the winding volume can be suppressed, which is suitable for increasing the capacity of batteries that will be developed in the future.
- the porosity of the porous layer is preferably 30% or more and 90% or less, more preferably 40% or more and 70% or less.
- a method for producing a battery separator according to one embodiment of the present invention includes the following steps (a) to (c) in sequence.
- (A) A step of obtaining a fluororesin solution in which a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is dissolved in a solvent
- (b) A step of adding an acrylic resin solution to the fluororesin solution and mixing to obtain a coating solution
- (c) The process of applying the coating liquid to the microporous membrane, immersing it in a coagulation bath, washing and drying
- the solvent is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer, dissolves or disperses acrylic resin, and is miscible with the coagulation liquid. From the viewpoint of solubility and low volatility, the solvent is preferably N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone.
- a fluororesin solution also referred to as a dispersion
- the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is dissolved in a solvent, and the particles are added thereto while stirring and predispersed by stirring with a disper for a certain time (for example, about 1 hour).
- a fluororesin solution with less aggregation of particles can be obtained through a step of dispersing particles (dispersion step) using a bead mill or a paint shaker.
- Step of obtaining coating liquid This step is a step of preparing a coating liquid by adding an acrylic resin solution to a fluororesin solution and mixing with, for example, a three-one motor with a stirring blade.
- the acrylic resin solution used in this step is a solution in which an acrylic resin is dissolved or dispersed in a solvent.
- the solvent used here is preferably the same solvent as in step (a).
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is preferable from the viewpoint of solubility and low volatility. It is preferable from the viewpoint of operability that the acrylic resin solution is obtained by polymerizing the acrylic resin and then substituting the solvent by adding N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and distilling.
- the method of applying the coating liquid to the microporous film may be a known method, for example, dip coating method, reverse roll coating method, gravure coating method, kiss coating method, roll brush method, spray coating method, Examples thereof include an air knife coating method, a Mayer bar coating method, a pipe doctor method, a blade coating method, and a die coating method, and these methods can be used alone or in combination.
- the coagulation liquid is preferably water, and is preferably an aqueous solution containing 1% by mass to 20% by mass of a good solvent for the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer and the acrylic resin, more preferably 5% by mass. As mentioned above, it is the aqueous solution containing 15 mass% or less.
- the good solvent include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, and N, N-dimethylacetamide.
- the immersion time in the coagulation bath is preferably 3 seconds or more. The upper limit is not limited, but 10 seconds is sufficient.
- Water can be used for cleaning.
- hot air of 100 ° C. or lower can be used for drying.
- Battery separators according to the present invention include secondary batteries such as nickel-hydrogen batteries, nickel-cadmium batteries, nickel-zinc batteries, silver-zinc batteries, lithium ion secondary batteries, lithium polymer secondary batteries, and lithium-sulfur batteries. It can be used as a battery separator. In particular, it is preferably used as a separator for a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the wet adhesiveness of the battery separator can be evaluated by the wet bending strength, and the wet bending strength is 14 N or more.
- the upper limit of the bending strength when wet is not particularly limited, but 30 N is sufficient.
- the dry adhesiveness of the battery separator can be evaluated by the dry bending strength, and the lower limit of the dry bending strength is preferably 7 N or more, more preferably 9 N or more.
- the upper limit of the bending strength during drying is not particularly defined, but 30N is sufficient.
- the battery separator preferably has a wet bending strength of 14 N or more and a dry bending strength of 7 N or more from the viewpoint of the balance between the dry adhesive property and the wet adhesive property.
- the measured value in an Example is a value measured with the following method.
- test winding body The negative electrode (machine direction: 161 mm ⁇ width direction: 30 mm) created above and the separator (machine direction: 160 mm ⁇ width direction: 34 mm) created in Examples and Comparative Examples were stacked to form a metal plate
- the separator and the negative electrode were wound with the length (300 mm, width 25 mm, thickness 1 mm) as the winding core so that the separator was inside, and the metal plate was pulled out to obtain a test winding.
- the test wound body had a length of about 34 mm and a width of about 28 mm.
- test wound body enclosed in the laminate film was sandwiched between two gaskets (thickness 1 mm, 5 cm ⁇ 5 cm), and 98 with a precision heating and pressing apparatus (CYPT-10, manufactured by Shinto Kogyo Co., Ltd.).
- the mixture was pressurized at 0.6 ° C. for 2 minutes and allowed to cool at room temperature.
- the bending strength when wet was measured using a universal testing machine (manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, AGS-J) as shown in the schematic diagram of FIG. . Details are described below.
- Two aluminum L-shaped angles 4 are arranged in parallel so that the 90 ° part is on top, and the 90 ° part is used as a fulcrum.
- the distance was fixed to 15 mm. Align the midpoint of the side in the width direction of the test winding body (about 28 mm) with the 7.5 mm point, which is the middle distance between the fulcrums of the two aluminum L-shaped angles, and adjust the length direction of the L-shaped angle.
- the test winding body was arranged so as not to protrude from the side.
- the length direction side (about 34 mm) of the test winding body does not protrude from the length direction side of the aluminum L-shaped angle 3 (thickness 1 mm, 10 mm ⁇ 10 mm, length 4 cm) as an indenter.
- the 90 ° portion of the aluminum L-shaped angle 3 is aligned with the midpoint of the side in the width direction of the test winding body, and the aluminum L-shaped angle 3 is placed so that the 90 ° portion is down. It was fixed to the load cell (load cell capacity 50N) of the universal testing machine. Regarding the measured value at the point of 0.5 mm stroke after the test load became 0.05 N at a load speed of 0.5 mm / min, the average value of the three test windings was defined as the bending strength when wet.
- Film thickness Using a contact-type film thickness meter ("Lightmatic" (registered trademark) series 318, manufactured by Mitutoyo Corporation), 20 points were measured under the condition of a weight of 0.01 N using a carbide spherical measuring element ⁇ 9.5 mm. The average value of the obtained measured values was taken as the film thickness.
- Lightmatic registered trademark
- Example 1 [Vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene (VdF-HFP) copolymer]
- a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a) was synthesized by suspension polymerization using vinylidene fluoride, hexafluoropropylene and maleic acid monomethyl ester as starting materials.
- the obtained vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer has a weight average molecular weight of 1,500,000, and a molar ratio of vinylidene fluoride monomer unit / hexafluoropropylene monomer unit / maleic acid monomethyl ester monomer unit is 98.
- the dispersion is mixed with an acrylic resin solution, stirred with a three-one motor with a stirring blade at 500 rpm for 30 minutes, and filtered to obtain a solid content concentration of 13% by mass, alumina particles: copolymer (a): mass of acrylic resin.
- a coating solution having a ratio of 70: 28.5: 1.5 was obtained.
- a coating solution is applied to both sides of a polyethylene microporous film having a thickness of 7 ⁇ m by a dip coating method, immersed in an aqueous solution, washed with pure water, dried at 50 ° C., and a battery separator having a thickness of 11 ⁇ m is obtained. Obtained.
- Example 2 A coating liquid prepared so that the solid content concentration is 13% by mass and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin is 70: 27.2: 2.8.
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used. When the obtained battery separator was evaluated for powder falling, it was good.
- Example 3 A coating solution prepared so that the solid content concentration is 13% by mass, and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin is 70: 25.2: 4.8.
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- Example 4 A coating solution prepared so that the solid content concentration is 13% by mass, and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin is 70: 22.5: 7.5
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- Example 5 Except for using a coating solution prepared so that the solid content concentration was 13% by mass, and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin was 70:18:12. A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1.
- Example 6 A coating liquid prepared so that the solid content concentration is 12% by mass and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin is 65: 31.7: 3.3.
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- Example 7 A coating liquid prepared so that the solid content concentration is 18% by mass, and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin is 85: 12.4: 2.6.
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that it was used.
- Example 8 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a coating liquid prepared using boehmite (average particle size 2.3 ⁇ m) as inorganic particles was used.
- Example 9 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a coating liquid prepared using titania (average particle size 1 ⁇ m) as inorganic particles was used.
- Example 10 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the thickness of the battery separator was 10 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 1 The same as in Example 1 except that a coating solution prepared so that the solid content concentration was 13% by mass and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a) was 70:30 was used. Thus, a battery separator was obtained. When the obtained battery separator was evaluated for powder omission, it was defective.
- Comparative Example 2 Similar to Example 2 except that a coating solution prepared using a PVdF homopolymer (manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd., KF # 7300 (molecular weight 1 million or more)) is used instead of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer. Thus, a battery separator was obtained.
- a coating solution prepared using a PVdF homopolymer manufactured by Kureha Co., Ltd., KF # 7300 (molecular weight 1 million or more)
- KF # 7300 molecular weight 1 million or more
- Comparative Example 3 Instead of vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a), a vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (b) having a hexafluoropropylene monomer content of 4.5 mol% (manufactured by Arkema Co., Ltd.) A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that a coating liquid prepared using kynar2801 (Molar ratio of VdF / HFP was 95.5 / 4.5, molecular weight less than 500,000) was used. .
- kynar2801 Molar ratio of VdF / HFP was 95.5 / 4.5, molecular weight less than 500,000
- Comparative Example 5 Instead of the acrylic resin solution of Example 2, a coating solution prepared using a solution of CRV (Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd., cyanoethyl PVA) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone having a solid content concentration of 5% by mass is used. A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that.
- Comparative Example 6 The coating solution was prepared so that the solid content concentration was 25% by mass, and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin was 90: 9.1: 0.9.
- a battery separator was obtained in the same manner as Example 2 except for the above.
- Comparative Example 7 Inorganic particles and fluoride so that the solids concentration is 13% by mass and the mass ratio of alumina particles: vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a): acrylic resin is 70: 27.2: 2.8.
- a vinylidene-hexafluoropropylene copolymer (a), an acrylic resin, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were simultaneously mixed and dispersed to prepare a coating liquid. The film could not be applied.
- Comparative Example 8 A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 2 except that the thickness of the battery separator was 9 ⁇ m.
- Comparative Example 9 Using a coating solution prepared using N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone so that the solid content concentration of the vinylidene fluoride-hexafluoropropylene copolymer is 5% by mass, the thickness of the battery separator is 9.5 ⁇ m. A battery separator was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that.
- Table 1 shows the characteristics of the battery separators obtained in Examples 1 to 10 and Comparative Examples 1 to 9.
- the acrylic resin content represents the mass% of the acrylic resin relative to the total mass of the fluororesin and the acrylic resin.
- “After-loading” in preparing the coating material means adding an acrylic resin solution to a fluororesin solution in which particles are dispersed.
- “Simultaneous input” means that a fluororesin solution, an acrylic resin solution, and particles are simultaneously added and dispersed.
- Negative electrode 2 Separator 3: Aluminum L-shaped angle 4: Aluminum L-shaped angle 5: Laminate film
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Abstract
Description
(1)微多孔膜と、該微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に設けられた多孔質層と、を備え、前記多孔質層はフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体およびアクリル樹脂を含み、前記フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体は親水基を有する単量体単位を含み、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン単量体単位を0.3モル%以上、3モル%以下含有し、前記アクリル樹脂はブチルアクリレート単量体単位を含む、電池用セパレータ、である。
(2)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、多孔質層が粒子を含むことが好ましい。
(3)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体は親水基を有する単量体単位を0.1モル%以上、5モル%以下含有することが好ましい。
(4)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、アクリル樹脂の含有量がフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体とアクリル樹脂の総量に対して、5質量%以上、40質量%未満であることが好ましい。
(5)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、アクリル樹脂がブチルアクリレート単位とアクリロニトリル単位とを含むアクリル共重合体であることが好ましい。
(6)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体の質量平均分子量が50万以上、200万以下であることが好ましい。
(7)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、アクリル樹脂におけるブチルアクリレート単位の含有量が50モル%以上、75モル%以下であることが好ましい。
(8)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、湿潤時曲げ強さが14N以上、かつ乾燥時曲げ強さが7N以上であることが好ましい。
(9)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、粒子の含有量が、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体とアクリル樹脂と粒子との総量に対して、50質量%以上、85質量%以下であることが好ましい。
(10)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、多孔質層の厚さが片面当たり0.5μm以上、3μm以下であることが好ましい。
(11)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、粒子がアルミナ、チタニア、およびベーマイトからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含むことが好ましい。
(12)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、粒子の平均粒径が0.3μm以上、3.0μm以下であることが好ましい。
(13)本発明に係る電池用セパレータは、微多孔膜がポリオレフィン微多孔膜であることが好ましい。
上記課題を解決するために本発明の電池用セパレータの製造方法は以下の構成を有する。
すなわち、
(14)以下の工程(a)~(c)を順次含む電池用セパレータの製造方法である。
(a)フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体を溶媒に溶解したフッ素樹脂溶液を得る工程
(b)フッ素樹脂溶液にアクリル樹脂溶液を添加し、混合して塗工液を得る工程
(c)塗工液を微多孔膜に塗布し、凝固浴に浸漬し、洗浄、乾燥する工程
1.微多孔膜
本発明において、微多孔膜とは内部に連結した空隙を有する膜を意味する。微多孔膜としては特に限定されず、ポリオレフィン樹脂を含む微多孔膜を用いることができる。以下、微多孔膜を構成する樹脂がポリオレフィン樹脂である場合について詳細に説明するがこれに限定されるものでない。
[1]ポリオレフィン樹脂
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜を構成するポリオレフィン樹脂は、ポリエチレン樹脂を主成分とする。ポリエチレン樹脂の含有量はポリオレフィン樹脂の全質量を100質量%として、70質量%以上であるのが好ましく、より好ましくは90質量%以上、さらに好ましくは100質量%である。
ポリオレフィン微多孔膜の製造方法としては、所望の特性を有するポリオレフィン微多孔膜が製造できれば、特に限定されず、従来公知の方法を用いることができ、例えば、日本国特許第2132327号公報および日本国特許第3347835号公報、国際公開2006/137540号等に記載された方法を用いることができる。具体的には、下記の工程(1)~(5)を含むことが好ましく、さらに下記の工程(6)~(8)を含むこともできる。
(1)前記ポリオレフィン樹脂と成膜用溶剤とを溶融混練し、ポリオレフィン溶液を調製する工程
(2)前記ポリオレフィン溶液を押出し、冷却しゲル状シートを形成する工程
(3)前記ゲル状シートを延伸する第1の延伸工程
(4)前記延伸後のゲル状シートから成膜用溶剤を除去する工程
(5)前記成膜用溶剤除去後のシートを乾燥する工程
(6)前記乾燥後のシートを延伸する第2の延伸工程
(7)前記乾燥後のシートを熱処理する工程
(8)前記延伸工程後のシートに対して架橋処理及び/又は親水化処理する工程
(1)ポリオレフィン溶液の調製工程
ポリオレフィン樹脂に、それぞれ適当な成膜用溶剤を添加した後、溶融混練し、ポリオレフィン溶液を調製する。溶融混練方法として、例えば日本国特許第2132327号および日本国特許第3347835号の明細書に記載の二軸押出機を用いる方法を利用することができる。溶融混練方法は公知であるので説明を省略する。
ポリオレフィン溶液を押出機からダイに送給し、シート状に押し出す。同一または異なる組成の複数のポリオレフィン溶液を、押出機から一つのダイに送給し、そこで層状に積層し、シート状に押出してもよい。
次に、得られたゲル状シートを少なくとも一軸方向に延伸する。ゲル状シートは成膜用溶剤を含むので、均一に延伸できる。ゲル状シートは、加熱後、テンター法、ロール法、インフレーション法、又はこれらの組合せにより所定の倍率で延伸するのが好ましい。延伸は一軸延伸でも二軸延伸でもよいが、二軸延伸が好ましい。二軸延伸の場合、同時二軸延伸、逐次延伸及び多段延伸(例えば、同時二軸延伸及び逐次延伸の組合せ)のいずれでもよい。
洗浄溶媒を用いて、成膜用溶剤の除去(洗浄)を行う。ポリオレフィン相は成膜用溶剤相と相分離しているので、成膜用溶剤を除去すると、微細な三次元網目構造を形成するフィブリルからなり、三次元的に不規則に連通する孔(空隙)を有する多孔質の膜が得られる。洗浄溶媒およびこれを用いた成膜用溶剤の除去方法は公知であるので説明を省略する。例えば日本国特許第2132327号公報や特開2002-256099号公報に開示の方法を利用することができる。
成膜用溶剤を除去した微多孔膜を、加熱乾燥法又は風乾法により乾燥する。乾燥温度はポリオレフィン樹脂の結晶分散温度(Tcd)以下であるのが好ましく、特にTcdより5℃以上低いことが好ましい。乾燥は、微多孔膜を100質量%(乾燥質量)として、残存洗浄溶媒が5質量%以下になるまで行うのが好ましく、3質量%以下になるまで行うのがより好ましい。残存洗浄溶媒が上記範囲内であると、後段の微多孔膜の延伸工程及び熱処理工程を行ったときに微多孔膜の空孔率が維持され、透過性の悪化が抑制される。
乾燥後の微多孔膜を、少なくとも一軸方向に延伸することが好ましい。微多孔膜の延伸は、加熱しながら上記と同様にテンター法等により行うことができる。延伸は一軸延伸でも二軸延伸でもよい。二軸延伸の場合、同時二軸延伸及び逐次延伸のいずれでもよい。本工程における延伸温度は、特に限定されないが、通常90~135℃が好ましく、より好ましくは95~130℃である。
また、乾燥後の微多孔膜は、熱処理を行うことができる。熱処理によって結晶が安定化し、ラメラが均一化される。熱処理方法としては、熱固定処理及び/又は熱緩和処理を用いることができる。熱固定処理とは、膜の寸法が変わらないように保持しながら加熱する熱処理である。熱緩和処理とは、膜を加熱中に機械方向や幅方向に熱収縮させる熱処理である。熱固定処理は、テンター方式又はロール方式により行うのが好ましい。例えば、熱緩和処理方法としては特開2002-256099号公報に開示の方法があげられる。熱処理温度はポリオレフィン樹脂のTcd~Tmの範囲内が好ましく、微多孔膜の延伸温度±5℃の範囲内がより好ましく、微多孔膜の第2の延伸温度±3℃の範囲内が特に好ましい。
また、接合後又は延伸後の微多孔膜に対して、さらに、架橋処理および親水化処理を行うこともできる。例えば、微多孔膜に対して、α線、β線、γ線、電子線等の電離放射線の照射することにより、架橋処理を行う。電子線の照射の場合、0.1~100Mradの電子線量が好ましく、100~300kVの加速電圧が好ましい。架橋処理により微多孔膜のメルトダウン温度が上昇する。また、親水化処理は、モノマーグラフト、界面活性剤処理、コロナ放電等により行うことができる。モノマーグラフトは架橋処理後に行うのが好ましい。
本発明に係る電池用セパレータが有する多孔質層は、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体およびアクリル樹脂を含む。これにより乾燥時接着性と湿潤時接着性を両立することができる。
[1]フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(VdF‐HFP)共重合体
本発明に用いられるフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体は、非水電解液とも親和性が高く、非水電解液に対する化学的、物理的な安定性が高い。このため、この共重合体を含有する多孔質層は湿潤時接着性を発現し、高温下での使用にも電解液との親和性を十分維持できる。
アクリル樹脂はブチルアクリレート単位を含む共重合体である。アクリル樹脂を含有する多孔質層は乾燥時接着性を発現させることができる。また、多孔質層に粒子が含まれる場合には、ブチルアクリレートにより塗膜の柔軟性が上がり、粒子の脱落を抑制する効果も期待できる。
本発明に係る電池用セパレータの多孔質層は粒子を含んでもよい。多孔質層に粒子を含むことで正極と負極の間のショートが起きる確率を下げることができ、安全性の向上が期待できる。粒子としては、無機粒子でも有機粒子でもよい。
d=C・γ/P
上記式中、「d(μm)」は微多孔質膜の孔径、「γ(mN/m)」は液体の表面張力、「P(Pa)」は圧力、「C」は定数とした。
多孔質層の膜厚は片面当たり0.5μm以上、3μm以下が好ましく、より好ましくは1μm以下、2.5μm以上、さらに好ましくは1μm以上、2μm以下である。片面あたり膜厚が0.5μm以上であれば湿潤時接着性及び乾燥時接着性が確保できる。片面あたり膜厚が3μm以下であれば巻き嵩を抑えることができ、今後、進むであろう電池の高容量化に適する。
本発明の一態様に係る電池用セパレータの製造方法は以下の工程(a)~(c)を順次含む。
(a)フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体を溶媒に溶解したフッ素樹脂溶液を得る工程
(b)フッ素樹脂溶液にアクリル樹脂溶液を添加し、混合して塗工液を得る工程
(c)塗工液を微多孔膜に塗布し、凝固浴に浸漬し、洗浄、乾燥する工程
溶媒はフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体を溶解し、アクリル樹脂を溶解または分散し、かつ、凝固液と混和しうるものであれば特に限定されない。溶解性、低揮発性の観点から、溶媒はN-メチル-2-ピロリドンが好ましい。
本工程は、フッ素樹脂溶液にアクリル樹脂溶液を添加し、例えば攪拌羽根のついたスリーワンモータで混合して塗工液を調製する工程である。
本工程は、微多孔膜に塗工液を塗布し、塗布した微多孔膜を凝固液に浸漬してフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体及びアクリル樹脂を相分離させ、三次元網目構造を有する状態で凝固させ、洗浄、乾燥する工程である。これにより微多孔膜と、その表面に多孔質層を備えた電池用セパレータが得られる。
電池用セパレータの湿潤時接着性は、湿潤時曲げ強さにより評価することができ、湿潤時曲げ強さが14N以上である。湿潤時曲げ強さの上限値は、特に定めないが30Nあれば十分である。湿潤時曲げ強さを上記好ましい範囲内にすることで、セパレータと電極との界面での部分的な遊離を抑制し、電池内部抵抗の増大、電池特性低下を抑制できる。
一般に、正極にはフッ素樹脂のバインダーが用いられ、フッ素樹脂を含む多孔質層がセパレータ上に備えられている場合、フッ素樹脂同士の相互拡散により接着性が担保されやすい。一方、負極にはフッ素樹脂以外のバインダーが用いられ、フッ素樹脂の拡散が起きにくいため正極に比べ負極はセパレータとの接着性が得られにくい。そこで、本測定ではセパレータと負極との間の接着性を、以下に述べる曲げ強さを指標として評価した。
(1)負極の作製
カルボキシメチルセルロースを1.5質量部含む水溶液を人造黒鉛96.5質量部に加えて混合し、さらに、固形分として2質量部のスチレンブタジエンラテックスを加えて混合して負極合剤含有スラリーとした。この負極合剤含有スラリーを、厚みが8μmの銅箔からなる負極集電体の両面に均一に塗付して乾燥して負極層を形成し、その後、ロールプレス機により圧縮成形して集電体を除いた負極層の密度を1.5g/cm3にして、負極を作製した。
(2)試験用捲回体の作製
上記で作成された負極(機械方向161mm×幅方向30mm)と、実施例および比較例で作成したセパレータ(機械方向160mm×幅方向34mm)を重ね、金属板(長さ300mm、幅25mm、厚さ1mm)を巻き芯としてセパレータが内側になるようにセパレータと負極を巻き取り、金属板を引き抜いて試験用捲回体を得た。試験用捲回体は長さ約34mm×幅約28mmとなった。
(3)湿潤時曲げ強さの測定方法
アルミニウムとポリプロピレンからなるラミネートフィルム(長さ110mm、幅65mm、厚さ0.12mm)上に試験用捲回体を置いて、ラミネートフィルムを長さ方向に半分に折り曲げ、ラミネートフィルムの二辺を溶着し、一辺が開口する袋状にした。エチレンカーボネートとエチルメチルカーボネートを体積比3:7で混合した溶媒にLiPF6を1mol/Lの割合で溶解させた電解液500μLをグローブボックス中で開口部から注入して試験用捲回体に含浸させ、その後、真空シーラーで開口部の一辺を封止した。
次に、ラミネートフィルムに封入した試験用捲回体を2枚のガスケット(厚さ1mm、5cm×5cm)で挟み込み、精密加熱加圧装置(新東工業株式会社製、CYPT-10)にて98℃、0.6MPaで2分間加圧し、室温で放冷した。加圧後のラミネートフィルムに封入した試験用捲回体について、万能試験機(株式会社島津製作所製、AGS-J)を用いて図1の模式図に示すように湿潤時曲げ強さを測定した。以下詳細を記載する。
2本のアルミニウム製L字アングル4(厚さ1mm、10mm×10mm、長さ5cm)を90°部分が上になるように平行に端部をそろえて配置し、90°部分を支点として支点間距離が15mmとなるよう固定した。2本のアルミニウム製L字アングルの支点間距離の中間である7.5mm地点に試験用捲回体の幅方向の辺(約28mm)の中点を合わせて、L字アングルの長さ方向の辺からはみ出さないように試験用捲回体を配置した。
次に、圧子としてアルミニウム製L字アングル3(厚さ1mm、10mm×10mm、長さ4cm)の長さ方向の辺から試験用捲回体の長さ方向の辺(約34mm)がはみ出さないようにかつ平行にして、試験用捲回体の幅方向の辺の中点にアルミニウム製L字アングル3の90°部分を合わせ、90°部分が下になるようにアルミニウム製L字アングル3を万能試験機のロードセル(ロードセル容量50N)に固定した。0.5mm/minの負荷速度で試験荷重が0.05Nとなってからのストローク0.5mm地点での測定値について、試験用捲回体3個の平均値を湿潤時曲げ強さとした。
(1)負極の作製
上記1.湿潤時曲げ強さと同一の負極を用いた。
(2)試験用捲回体の作製
上記1.湿潤時曲げ強さと同一の試験用捲回体を用いた。
(3)乾燥時曲げ強さの測定方法
準備した試験用捲回体を2枚のガスケット(厚さ1mm、5cm×5cm)で挟み込み、精密加熱加圧装置(新東工業株式会社製,CYPT-10)にて90℃、0.6MPaで2分間加圧し、室温で放冷した。加圧後の試験用捲回体について、図2に示すように、上記1.湿潤時曲げ強さの測定方法と同様に配置して万能試験機(株式会社島津製作所製、AGS-J)を用いて、以下の条件で試験用捲回体3個を測定し、最大試験力の平均値を乾燥時曲げ強さとした。
支点間距離: 15mm
セル容量: 50N
負荷速度: 0.5mm/min
取っ手のついた重り(1143g)の底面(底面積5.5cm×6cm)に、多孔質層が表面となるようにシワなく平らにセパレータを固定した。画用紙(大王製紙株式会社製、C-55、くろ)の上で20cmの距離を10往復、重りを移動させた後、多孔質層が画用紙に転写する量を確認した。任意の5mm×5mmの範囲を10か所選び、光学顕微鏡を用いて150μm以上の塗膜脱落物を個数計測し、粉落ちは脱落物の個数で以下のように評価した。
良好:10か所中の塗膜脱落物の合計が50個以下
不良:10か所中の塗膜脱落物の合計が51個以上
接触式膜厚計(株式会社ミツトヨ製“ライトマチック”(登録商標)series318)を使用して、超硬球面測定子φ9.5mmを用い、加重0.01Nの条件で20点を測定し、得られた測定値の平均値を膜厚とした。
[フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(VdF-HFP)共重合体]
フッ化ビニリデン、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン及びマレイン酸モノメチルエステルを出発原料として懸濁重合法にてフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a)を合成した。得られたフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体は重量平均分子量が150万、フッ化ビニリデン単量体単位/ヘキサフルオロプロピレン単量体単位/マレイン酸モノメチルエステル単量体単位のモル比が98.5/1.0/0.5であることをNMR測定で確認した。
[アクリル樹脂]
アクリロニトリル、n-ブチルアクリレートを出発原料として乳化重合法にてアクリル樹脂としてブチルアクリレート‐アクリロニトリル共重合体を合成し、その後、水をN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に置換し、固形分濃度が5質量%のアクリル樹脂溶液を得た。得られたアクリル樹脂はTgが-5℃、アクリロニトリル単量体単位/n-ブチルアクリレート単量体単位のモル比が38/62であることをNMR測定で確認した。
[電池用セパレータの作製]
フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a)28.5質量部とNMP641質量部を混合し、その後ディスパーで攪拌しながら無機粒子としてアルミナ粒子(平均粒径1.1μm)を70質量部加えて、ディスパーで1時間、2000rpmで予備攪拌した。次いで、ダイノーミル(シンマルエンタープライゼス製ダイノーミルマルチラボ(1.46L容器、充填率80%、φ0.5mmアルミナビーズ))を用いて、流量11kg/h、周速10m/sの条件にて3回処理し、分散液を得た。分散液にアクリル樹脂溶液を混合して、攪拌羽根のついたスリーワンモータで500rpm、30分間攪拌し、濾過して固形分濃度13質量%、アルミナ粒子:共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が70:28.5:1.5の塗工液を得た。厚さ7μmのポリエチレン微多孔膜の両面にディップ・コート法にて塗工液を塗布し、水溶液中に浸漬させ、純水で洗浄した後、50℃で乾燥し、厚み11μmの電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が13質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が70:27.2:2.8となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。得られた電池用セパレータについて、粉落ち評価をしたところ良好であった。
固形分濃度が13質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が70:25.2:4.8となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が13質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が70:22.5:7.5となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が13質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が70:18:12となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が12質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が65:31.7:3.3となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が18質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が85:12.4:2.6となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
無機粒子としてベーマイト(平均粒径2.3μm)を用いて調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
無機粒子としてチタニア(平均粒径1μm)を用いて調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
電池用セパレータの厚み10μmとした以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が13質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a)の質量比が70:30となるように調製した塗工液を用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。得られた電池用セパレータについて、粉落ち評価をしたところ不良であった。
フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体のかわりにPVdFホモポリマー(株式会社クレハ製、KF#7300(分子量100万以上))を用いて調製した塗工液を使用した以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a)のかわりにヘキサフルオロプロピレン単量体の含有量が4.5モル%のフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(b)(アルケマ株式会社製、kynar2801(VdF/HFPのモル比が95.5/4.5、分子量50万未満))を用いて調製した塗工液を使用した以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
[アクリル樹脂の合成]
アクリロニトリル、エチルアクリレートを出発原料として乳化重合法にてアクリル樹脂としてエチルアクリレート‐アクリロニトリル共重合体を合成し、その後、水をN-メチル-2-ピロリドンに置換し、固形分濃度が5質量%のアクリル樹脂溶液を得た。得られたアクリル樹脂はTgが10℃、アクリロニトリル単量体単位/エチルアクリレート単量体単位のモル比が37/63であることをNMR測定で確認した。このアクリル樹脂を用いて調製した塗工液を使用した以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。得られた電池用セパレータについて粉落ち評価をしたところ良好であった。
実施例2のアクリル樹脂溶液の代わりに固形分濃度が5質量%のCRV(信越化学工業株式会社製、シアノエチルPVA)とN-メチル-2-ピロリドンの溶液を用いて調製した塗工液を使用した以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が25質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が90:9.1:0.9となるように塗工液を調製した以外は実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
固形分濃度が13質量%、アルミナ粒子:フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a):アクリル樹脂の質量比が70:27.2:2.8となるように、無機粒子、フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体(a)、アクリル樹脂、N-メチル-2-ピロリドンとを同時に混合し、分散して塗工液を調製したが、塗工液は増粘してポリエチレン微多孔膜に塗工できなかった。
電池用セパレータの厚みを9μmとした以外は、実施例2と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体の固形分濃度が5質量%となるようにN-メチル-2-ピロリドンを用いて調製した塗工液を使用し、電池用セパレータの厚みを9.5μmとした以外は実施例1と同様にして電池用セパレータを得た。
2:セパレータ
3:圧子用アルミニウム製L字アングル
4:アルミニウム製L字アングル
5:ラミネートフィルム
Claims (14)
- 微多孔膜と、
該微多孔膜の少なくとも片面に設けられた多孔質層と、を備え、
前記多孔質層はフッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体およびアクリル樹脂を含み、
前記フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体は親水基を有する単量体単位を含み、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン単量体単位を0.3モル%以上、3モル%以下含有し、
前記アクリル樹脂はブチルアクリレート単量体単位を含む、電池用セパレータ。 - 前記多孔質層が粒子を含む、請求項1に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体は親水基を有する単量体単位を0.1モル%以上、5モル%以下含有する、請求項1又は請求項2に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記アクリル樹脂の含有量が前記フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体と前記アクリル樹脂の総量に対して、5質量%以上、40質量%未満である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記アクリル樹脂がブチルアクリレート単位とアクリロニトリル単位とを含むアクリル共重合体である、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体の重量平均分子量が50万以上、200万以下である、請求項1~5のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記アクリル樹脂におけるブチルアクリレート単位の含有量が50モル%以上、75モル%以下である、請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 湿潤時曲げ強さが14N以上、かつ乾燥時曲げ強さが7N以上である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記粒子の含有量が、前記フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体と、前記アクリル樹脂と、前記粒子との総重量に対して、50質量%以上、85質量%以下である請求項2~8のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記多孔質層の厚さが片面当たり0.5μm以上、3μm以下である請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記粒子がアルミナ、チタニア、およびベーマイトからなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1種を含む請求項2~10のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 前記粒子の平均粒径が0.3μm以上、3.0μm以下である請求項2~11のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 微多孔膜がポリオレフィン微多孔膜である請求項1~12のいずれか1項に記載の電池用セパレータ。
- 以下の工程(a)~(c)を順次含む請求項1から13の電池用セパレータの製造方法。
(a)フッ化ビニリデン-ヘキサフルオロプロピレン共重合体を溶媒に溶解したフッ素樹脂溶液を得る工程
(b)フッ素樹脂溶液にアクリル樹脂溶液を添加し、混合して塗工液を得る工程
(c)塗工液を微多孔膜に塗布し、凝固浴に浸漬し、洗浄、乾燥する工程
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| US12525685B2 (en) | 2020-10-19 | 2026-01-13 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Separator for lithium secondary battery and lithium secondary battery including the same |
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| US12431585B2 (en) | 2021-10-29 | 2025-09-30 | Lg Energy Solution, Ltd. | Separator with organic/inorganic porous coating layer for electrochemical device, and electrochemical device including same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN107925036A (zh) | 2018-04-17 |
| CN107925036B (zh) | 2020-12-22 |
| JP6863283B2 (ja) | 2021-04-21 |
| KR20180034393A (ko) | 2018-04-04 |
| KR102190595B1 (ko) | 2020-12-14 |
| JPWO2017026485A1 (ja) | 2018-05-31 |
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