WO2022044593A1 - 樹脂組成物およびこれを含むコーティング組成物、積層用電極、積層用セパレータ、ならびに非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
樹脂組成物およびこれを含むコーティング組成物、積層用電極、積層用セパレータ、ならびに非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2022044593A1 WO2022044593A1 PCT/JP2021/026412 JP2021026412W WO2022044593A1 WO 2022044593 A1 WO2022044593 A1 WO 2022044593A1 JP 2021026412 W JP2021026412 W JP 2021026412W WO 2022044593 A1 WO2022044593 A1 WO 2022044593A1
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- separator
- mass
- resin
- vinylidene fluoride
- electrode
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
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- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F214/00—Copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen
- C08F214/18—Monomers containing fluorine
- C08F214/22—Vinylidene fluoride
- C08F214/225—Vinylidene fluoride with non-fluorinated comonomers
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D127/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
- C09D127/02—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
- C09D127/12—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a halogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment containing fluorine atoms
- C09D127/16—Homopolymers or copolymers of vinylidene fluoride
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/60—Additives non-macromolecular
- C09D7/61—Additives non-macromolecular inorganic
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D7/00—Features of coating compositions, not provided for in group C09D5/00; Processes for incorporating ingredients in coating compositions
- C09D7/40—Additives
- C09D7/66—Additives characterised by particle size
- C09D7/69—Particle size larger than 1000 nm
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
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- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H01M50/40—Separators; Membranes; Diaphragms; Spacing elements inside cells
- H01M50/409—Separators, membranes or diaphragms characterised by the material
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- H01M50/491—Porosity
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08F—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING CARBON-TO-CARBON UNSATURATED BONDS
- C08F2800/00—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed
- C08F2800/20—Copolymer characterised by the proportions of the comonomers expressed as weight or mass percentages
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a resin composition and a coating composition containing the same, a laminating electrode, a laminating separator, a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery, and a method for producing the same.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries (hereinafter, also simply referred to as “secondary batteries”) have been used for various purposes, and their capacities are required to be increased.
- second batteries many wound-type secondary batteries in which electrodes (in the present specification, positive electrodes and negative electrodes are collectively referred to as “electrodes”) and separators are wound have been developed.
- electrodes in the present specification, positive electrodes and negative electrodes are collectively referred to as “electrodes”
- separators are wound-type secondary batteries in which electrodes and separators are wound have been developed. rice field.
- a laminated type secondary battery in which electrodes and separators are laminated has attracted attention. Further, since such a secondary battery is used for various purposes, safety is further emphasized.
- the electrodes and the separator are more likely to shift as compared with the wound type secondary battery.
- the electrodes and separators are likely to be displaced from a desired position or wrinkled.
- the wound electrode / separator laminate may loosen after a lapse of time after the winding, and may be displaced during transportation or when inserted into the exterior body.
- the positions of the electrodes and separators may shift.
- the porous adhesive layer contains a vinylidene fluoride copolymer having a structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride, a structural unit derived from hexafluoropropylene, and a structural unit derived from a carboxy group-containing monomer.
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems. It is an object of the present invention to provide a resin composition having excellent dry adhesiveness between both a positive electrode and a negative electrode.
- the present invention provides the following resin compositions (coating agents).
- the structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride is 73.7% by mass or more and 96.9% by mass or less
- the structural unit containing a carboxy group is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.3% by mass or less
- the above-mentioned Fluoride having 3% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less of other constituent units derived from a compound copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride (however, the total amount of the constituent units constituting the vinylidene fluoride is 100% by mass).
- the present invention also provides the following coating composition (coating liquid).
- a coating composition containing the above resin composition and a solvent.
- the present invention also provides the following stacking electrodes.
- a laminating electrode having an electrode and a resin-containing layer containing the resin composition arranged on at least one surface of the electrode.
- the present invention also provides the following laminating separators.
- a separator for lamination comprising a separator and a resin-containing layer containing the resin composition arranged on at least one surface of the separator.
- the present invention also provides the following non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte comprising a positive electrode, a separator, a negative electrode, and further having a resin-containing layer containing the resin composition between the positive electrode and the separator and / or between the negative electrode and the separator. Secondary battery.
- the present invention also provides the following method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- a method for manufacturing a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery which comprises a step of pressing.
- the resin composition of the present invention has excellent dry adhesiveness to both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the resin composition (coating agent) of the present invention is a resin composition mainly used for forming a resin-containing layer for fixing an electrode of a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery and a separator.
- the use of the resin composition (coating agent) is not limited to the resin-containing layer.
- the terms "resin composition” and “coating agent” are used interchangeably.
- a constituent unit derived from vinylidene fluoride, a constituent unit containing a carboxy group, and other constituent units are contained in a predetermined ratio, and the intrinsic viscosity is included.
- a resin composition (resin-containing layer) containing a vinylidene fluoride copolymer having a viscosity of 0.5 dL / g or more and 3 dL / g or less between the separator and the electrode, dry adhesion is performed on both the positive electrode and the negative electrode. It was found that the sex was good.
- the reason is considered as follows.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the resin-containing layer needs to be sufficiently softened and sufficiently adhered to the electrode, the separator and the like.
- the physical structure and chemical structure of the surface of the positive electrode and the negative electrode are often different.
- the shape of the active material is different between the positive electrode and the negative electrode, and naturally, the smoothness of the electrode surface is different. The smoothness greatly affects the physical adhesion.
- the binder used is often different between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the positive electrode binder may be vinylidene fluoride and the negative electrode binder may be styrene-butadiene rubber / carboxymethyl cellulose type, which differ greatly in chemical properties.
- the positive electrode binder in order to exhibit effective adhesion on both surfaces having different physical and chemical structures, it is necessary to introduce a functional group and chemically modify the resin while controlling the mechanical properties of the resin.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the resin composition of the present invention contains a certain amount of other structural units other than the structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride and the structural unit containing a carboxy group. Therefore, when the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is softened, it has an appropriate flexibility and sufficiently adheres to an electrode or a separator. At this time, the carboxy group in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer chemically interacts with the separator, the OH group on the surface of the electrode, and the like.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer contained in the resin composition of the present invention has different adhesion mechanisms such as softening of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer and chemical interaction between the carboxy group and the electrode, separator and the like. Therefore, in the case of physical adhesion due to softening, the adhesion is supplemented by the chemical interaction between the carboxy group and the electrode, separator, etc. on the electrode surface where the adhesion is insufficient. On the other hand, the adhesive force is supplemented by physical adhesion by softening to the electrode surface where the chemical interaction between the carboxy group and the electrode, separator, etc. is insufficient. Therefore, the resin composition of the present invention has excellent dry adhesiveness to both the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is, for example, a physical property representing the molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and if the intrinsic viscosity is excessively high, for example, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer becomes an electrode during dry adhesion. It becomes difficult to adhere to the surface of the separator. Further, if the intrinsic viscosity is excessively low, the stability of the resin composition or the coating composition containing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is lowered, and it becomes difficult to form the resin-containing layer.
- the stability of the resin composition and the coating composition containing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is good. Yes, and the dry adhesiveness is good.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain components other than the vinylidene fluoride copolymer as long as the object and effect of the present invention are not impaired.
- the components other than the vinylidene fluoride copolymer include a dispersant, an antifoaming agent, and a wetting agent.
- the amount of vinylidene fluoride copolymer in the resin composition is preferably 90% by mass or more, more preferably 95% by mass or more.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer will be described.
- the resin composition of the present invention may contain the following vinylidene fluoride copolymer, and the resin composition may contain one or more of the vinylidene fluoride copolymers, or may contain two or more of them. May be good.
- the amount of the building blocks derived from vinylidene fluoride contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 73.7% by mass or more and 96.9% by mass or less when the total amount of the building blocks of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 100% by mass. It is preferably 78% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and more preferably 83% by mass or more and 93% by mass or less. As described above, when the amount of the constituent unit derived from vinylidene fluoride is 73.7% by mass or more, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer has appropriate crystallinity and the strength of the resin-containing layer is maintained appropriately. Cheap.
- the amount of the structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride is 96.9% by mass or less, the amount of the structural unit containing the carboxy group and the amount of other structural units are relatively sufficient, and the mutual carboxy groups are mutual.
- the action tends to increase the dry adhesiveness, the resin-containing layer tends to soften by heating, and the dry adhesiveness tends to increase.
- the amount of the structural unit derived from vinylidene fluoride can be specified by analyzing the vinylidene fluoride copolymer by 19 F-NMR.
- the amount of the structural unit containing the carboxy group contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.3% by mass or less when the total amount of the structural units of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 100% by mass. It is preferably 0.2% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less, and more preferably 0.3% by mass or more and 1.0% by mass or less.
- the proportion of the structural unit containing the carboxy group is 0.1% by mass or more, the carboxy group easily interacts with the functional group in the electrode or the separator, or the carboxy groups easily interact with each other, and the resin composition The dry adhesiveness of the resin-containing layer containing the above is enhanced.
- the amount of the structural unit containing the carboxy group is 1.3% by mass or less, the stability of the resin composition, the coating composition and the like tends to be enhanced.
- the amount of the structural unit containing a carboxy group in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer can be specified, for example, by a known method disclosed in JP-A-2015-172101.
- the structural unit containing the carboxy group is a structural unit obtained from the compound containing the carboxy group.
- the type of the compound containing a carboxy group is not particularly limited, and for example, a compound containing a carboxy group and an unsaturated double bond is preferable. Examples of such compounds include unsaturated dibasic acids, unsaturated dibasic acid monoesters, or compounds represented by the general formula (1) described below.
- the vinylidene fluoride copolymer may contain only one kind of constituent units derived from these, or may contain two or more kinds.
- the unsaturated dibasic acid examples include an unsaturated double bond and a compound containing two carboxy groups or an acid anhydride group.
- the unsaturated dibasic acid preferably has 5 to 8 carbon atoms. Specific examples thereof include fumaric acid, (maleic anhydride) maleic acid, citraconic acid, phthalic acid and the like.
- the "carboxy group" in the present specification also includes acid anhydride.
- unsaturated dibasic acid monoesters examples include compounds having an unsaturated double bond, one carboxylic acid, and one carboxylic acid ester.
- the unsaturated dibasic acid monoester preferably has 5 to 8 carbon atoms.
- Specific examples of unsaturated dibasic acid esters include monomethyl fumarate, monoethyl fumarate, monomethyl maleate, monoethyl maleate, monomethyl citraconic acid, monoethyl citraconic acid, monomethyl phthalate and monoethyl phthalate.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 independently represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom, or an alkyl group having 1 to 5 carbon atoms.
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 are preferably a group having a small steric hindrance, preferably a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and more preferably a hydrogen atom or a methyl group. ..
- R 1 , R 2 , and R 3 may all be the same or different.
- X' represents an atomic group having a molecular weight of 472 or less and having 1 to 19 atoms in the main chain.
- X' includes a cyclic structure or the like, there may be a plurality of atoms in the main chain. In this case, the minimum value is treated as the number of atoms in the main chain of X'.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) include (meth) acryloyloxypropyl succinic acid, (meth) acryloyloxyethyl succinic acid, 2-carboxyethyl acrylate, 2-carboxyethyl methacrylate, and acrylic.
- examples thereof include leuroxyethyl phthalic acid, methacryloyloxyethyl phthalic acid, N-carboxyethyl (meth) acrylamide, carboxyethyl thio (meth) acrylate, and carboxymethyl acrylate.
- (meth) acryloyloxy refers to methacryloyloxy, acryloyloxy, or both.
- (meth) acrylate represents methacrylate, acrylate, or both
- (meth) acrylic represents methacrylic, acrylic, or both.
- the compound represented by the general formula (1) is preferable, and (meth) acryloyloxypropylsuccinic acid is more preferable.
- the amount of other constituent units contained in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer which does not contain a carboxy group and is derived from the compound copolymerizable with vinylidene fluoride, is the total amount of the constituent units of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer. Is 100% by mass, it is 3% by mass or more and 25% by mass or less, preferably 3% by mass or more and 23% by mass or less, and more preferably 5% by mass or more and 20% by mass or less.
- the ratio of the other structural units is 3% by mass or more, the flexibility of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is increased, and the dry adhesiveness of the resin-containing layer containing the resin composition is enhanced.
- the amount of the other structural units is excessive, it becomes difficult to dissolve in the solvent when the coating composition or the like is prepared, but if the amount of the other structural units is 25% by mass or less, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer Becomes more soluble in the solvent. Further, when the ratio of the other structural units is 25% by mass or less, the amount of the structural units derived from vinylidene fluoride is relatively large, and the strength of the resin-containing layer is increased.
- the amount of other building blocks in the vinylidene fluoride copolymer can be specified by 19 F-NMR.
- the other structural unit is a structural unit derived from a compound (hereinafter, also referred to as “other compound”) that does not contain a carboxy group and contains a group that can be polymerized with vinylidene fluoride (for example, an unsaturated double bond).
- other compounds include fluorine-containing monomers other than vinylidene fluoride, hydrocarbon-based monomers such as ethylene and propylene, and the like.
- fluorine-containing monomers examples include vinyl fluoride, trifluoroethylene, tetrafluoroethylene, chlorotrifluoroethylene, hexafluoropropylene, hexafluoroethylene, fluoroalkyl vinyl ether, and perfluoromethyl vinyl ether. Alkyl vinyl ether and the like are included. Among these, a structural unit derived from chlorotrifluoroethylene or hexafluoropropylene is preferable from the viewpoint that dry adhesiveness and wet adhesiveness tend to be good.
- the intrinsic viscosity of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer may be 0.5 dL / g or more and 3 dL / g or less, but more preferably 0.8 dL / g or more and 2.5 dL / g or less, and 1.0 dL. More preferably, it is / g or more and 2.0 dL / g or less.
- the intrinsic viscosity is 0.5 dL / g or more, the stability of the coating composition and the like described later containing the resin composition is enhanced.
- the intrinsic viscosity is 3 dL / g or less, the resin composition layer tends to be softened by heating and the dry adhesiveness tends to increase.
- the intrinsic viscosity is measured by the viscosity ⁇ 1 of a solution of 4 g of vinylidene fluoride copolymer in 1 L of N, N-dimethylformamide and the N, measured using a Ubbelohde viscous meter in a constant temperature bath at 30 ° C. It is a value obtained from the viscosity ⁇ 0 of N-dimethylformamide.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is preferably 100 ° C. or higher and 165 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 120 ° C. or higher and 160 ° C. or lower.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 100 ° C. or higher, the heat resistance of the obtained resin-containing layer tends to be good.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is 165 ° C. or lower, the polymer is easily softened by heating, and dry adhesion can be performed at a relatively low temperature.
- the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer can be specified by measuring the calorific value with a differential scanning calorimeter (DSC). Specifically, the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is heated from 30 ° C. to 230 ° C. at 10 ° C./min (first temperature increase) and lowered from 230 ° C. to 30 ° C. at 10 ° C./min (1). (Cooling for the second time), and further raising the temperature from 30 ° C. to 230 ° C. at 10 ° C./min (second heating), and specifying the melting peak by DSC. Then, the maximum melting peak temperature observed at the second temperature rise is specified as the melting point of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- DSC differential scanning calorimeter
- the weight average molecular weight of the vinylidene fluoride copolymer is preferably 50,000 to 1.2 million, more preferably 100,000 to 1,000,000, and even more preferably 150,000 to 1,000,000.
- the weight average molecular weight is a polystyrene-equivalent value measured by gel permeation chromatography (GPC).
- GPC gel permeation chromatography
- the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer having a carboxy group is obtained by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride, a compound containing a carboxy group, and another compound by a known method.
- methods for copolymerizing these include suspension polymerization, emulsion polymerization, solution polymerization and the like.
- the amount of the initiator and the chain transfer agent, the polymerization temperature and the like are adjusted.
- the coating composition (coating liquid) of the present invention is a composition mainly for forming a resin-containing layer for adhering a separator of a non-electrolyte secondary battery and an electrode, and includes the above-mentioned resin composition.
- the coating composition (coating liquid) can be, for example, a composition obtained by dispersing or dissolving the above-mentioned resin composition in a solvent, and may further contain an inorganic filler or the like. Further, various additives may be contained as long as the object and effect of the present invention are not impaired.
- the use of the coating composition (coating liquid) is not limited to the formation of the resin-containing layer.
- the terms "coating composition” and “coating liquid” are used interchangeably.
- the amount of the resin composition in the coating composition is appropriately selected according to the coating method of the coating composition, the thickness of the desired resin-containing layer, and the like.
- the coating composition preferably contains the resin composition in an amount of 3% by mass or more and 50% by mass or less, more preferably 5% by mass or more and 40% by mass or less, and 10% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less. It is more preferable to contain% or less.
- the resin composition mainly vinylidene fluoride copolymer
- the electrode and the separator can be firmly adhered.
- the type of the solvent contained in the coating composition is not particularly limited as long as the above resin composition can be uniformly dissolved or dispersed.
- solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, dimethyl sulfoxide, hexamethylphosphoamide, dioxane, tetrahydrofuran, tetramethylurea, triethylphosphate, trimethyl.
- Examples include phosphate, acetone, 2-butanone, cyclohexanone and the like.
- the coating composition may contain only one type of solvent, or may contain two or more types of solvent.
- the amount of the solvent is appropriately selected according to the coating method of the coating composition, the desired thickness of the resin-containing layer, and the like.
- the inorganic filler is not particularly limited as long as it has insulating properties and is resistant to heat during dry bonding and wet bonding. As described above, when the coating composition and thus the resin-containing layer contains a filler, the mechanical strength of the resin composition layer is easily maintained.
- inorganic fillers examples include SrTIM 3 , SnO 2 , CeO 2 , MgO, NiO, CaO, ZnO, ZrO 2 , Y2O 3, Al2O 3, TiO 2 , SiC , clay minerals, mica, calcium carbonate and the like. Is included.
- the coating composition may contain only one type of filler, or may contain two or more types of filler.
- Al 2 O 3 and MgO and Zn O are preferable from the viewpoint of the safety of the secondary battery and the liquid coating stability, and Al 2 O 3 is further preferable from the viewpoint of insulating property and electrochemical stability.
- a commercially available product may be used as the inorganic filler.
- AKP-3000, AKP-50, AKP-20 (all manufactured by Sumitomo Chemical Co., Ltd.), which are commercially available as high-purity alumina particles, may be used.
- the median diameter measured by the laser diffraction / scattering method of the inorganic filler is preferably 10 ⁇ m or less, more preferably 0.05 ⁇ m or more and 5 ⁇ m or less, and further preferably 0.10 ⁇ m or more and 2 ⁇ m or less.
- the median diameter of the inorganic filler is 10 ⁇ m or less, the thickness of the resin-containing layer does not become excessively thick, and the secondary battery can be easily made thinner.
- the amount of the inorganic filler in the coating composition is appropriately selected depending on the coating method of the coating composition, the thickness of the desired resin-containing layer, and the like, and is 30% by mass or more in the solid content of the coating composition. It is preferably contained in an amount of 50% by mass or less, more preferably 50% by mass or more and 95% by mass or less, and further preferably 70% by mass or more and 90% by mass or less.
- the solid content of the coating composition contains 30% by mass or more of the inorganic filler, the OH group on the surface of the inorganic filler and the carboxy group of the above-mentioned vinylidene fluoride copolymer are likely to interact with each other during wet adhesion, and the resin is resin.
- the shape of the containing layer can be easily maintained.
- the mechanical strength of the laminated body is increased, and the safety is improved.
- the method of mixing the above resin composition with the inorganic filler or solvent is not particularly limited, and the resin composition can be mixed by a known method.
- the secondary battery of the present invention includes a laminate including a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode, a non-aqueous electrolyte solution, and an exterior body covering them. Further, a resin-containing layer containing the above-mentioned resin composition is arranged between the positive electrode and the separator of the laminated body and / or between the negative electrode and the separator. The resin-containing layer may be arranged only between the positive electrode and the separator and between the negative electrode and the separator, but if the resin-containing layer is arranged in both of them, the electrodes and the separator may be displaced. Wrinkles and the like are less likely to occur, and the strength and performance of the obtained secondary battery are improved.
- the secondary battery may have any structure such as a coin type battery, a button type battery, a cylindrical type battery, a square type battery, and a laminated type battery.
- a coin type battery a coin type battery
- a button type battery a cylindrical type battery
- a square type battery a laminated type battery.
- Electrodes positive and negative electrodes
- the electrode of the secondary battery can be the same as the electrode of a known secondary battery.
- the electrodes typically include a current collector and a mixture layer containing the active material located on at least one surface of the current collector.
- the material of the current collector for the negative electrode and the positive electrode is not particularly limited as long as it can extract electricity.
- Examples of collectors include metal foils such as aluminum, copper, iron, stainless steel, steel, nickel and titanium, metal nets and the like. Further, the surface of another medium may be coated with the above metal foil, metal net, or the like.
- the thickness of the current collector is usually 5 ⁇ m or more and 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the mixture layer is a layer containing an electrode active material and a binder, and if necessary, a conductive auxiliary agent and the like.
- the ratio of the components constituting the mixture layer can be the same as that of the known mixture layer of the secondary battery.
- the thickness of the mixture layer is appropriately adjusted according to the type of the secondary battery, but is usually 20 ⁇ m or more and 250 ⁇ m or less.
- the positive electrode active material contained in the positive electrode mixture layer include the general formula LiMY 2 (M is Co, Ni, Fe, Mn, Cr) such as LiCoO 2 , LiNixCo 1-x O 2 (0 ⁇ x ⁇ 1).
- V represents at least one of the transition metals
- Y represents a chalcogen element such as O, S), a composite metal chalcogen compound; a composite metal oxide having a spinel structure such as LiMn 2 O 4 ; LiFePO 4 etc.
- the olivine type lithium compound and the like are included.
- the positive electrode active material may be a commercially available product.
- examples of the negative electrode active material contained in the negative electrode mixture layer include a carbon material, a metal / alloy material, a metal oxide, and the like, and among these, the carbon material is preferable.
- examples of carbon materials include artificial graphite, natural graphite, non-graphitizable carbon, easily graphitized carbon and the like. When such a carbon material is used, the energy density of the secondary battery tends to be high.
- the artificial graphite can be obtained, for example, by carbonizing an organic material, heat-treating it at a high temperature, and pulverizing and classifying it.
- the non-graphitized carbon can be obtained, for example, by calcining a material derived from petroleum pitch at 1000 ° C. or higher and 1500 ° C. or lower.
- the specific surface area of the positive electrode active material is preferably 0.05 m 2 / g or more and 50 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area of the negative electrode active material is preferably 0.3 m 2 / g or more and 10 m 2 / g or less.
- the specific surface area of the electrode active material can be determined by the nitrogen adsorption method.
- the binder contained in the mixture layer is not particularly limited as long as it can bind the above-mentioned electrode active material and the conductive auxiliary agent described later.
- examples thereof include fluororesins such as polytetrafluoroethylene, polyvinylidene fluoride and fluororubber; mixtures of styrene-butadiene rubber and carboxymethyl cellulose; thermoplastic resins such as polypropylene and polyethylene.
- a vinylidene fluoride-based copolymer can also be used.
- the fluorovinylidene-based copolymer include a fluorovinylidene-maleic acid monomethyl ester copolymer and a fluorovinylidene-based copolymer obtained by copolymerizing vinylidene fluoride with the above-mentioned compound containing a carboxy group. Polymers and the like are also included.
- the conductive auxiliary agent contained in the electrode mixture layer may be any substance that can improve the conductivity of the electrode mixture layer.
- the conductive auxiliary agent include carbonaceous substances such as carbon black, graphite fine powder and carbon fiber, metal fine powder such as nickel and aluminum, and metal fiber.
- the method for forming the electrode is not particularly limited, and can be formed by, for example, applying a slurry containing an electrode active material, a binder, a conductive auxiliary agent, and a non-aqueous solvent on a current collector and drying (solidifying) the slurry. ..
- non-aqueous solvents include N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone and the like.
- the method of applying the slurry is not particularly limited, and includes a method of applying with a bar coater, a die coater, and a comma coater.
- the drying temperature is usually preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 150 ° C. or lower, and the drying time is 1 minute or longer and 300 minutes or lower.
- the atmosphere during drying is not particularly limited, and may be under an inert gas such as nitrogen or under reduced pressure. Further, after drying, further heat treatment may be performed if necessary. Further, the press treatment may be further performed instead of the heat treatment or after the heat treatment. When the press treatment is performed, it is usually preferably 1 MPa (G) or more and 200 MPa (G) or less. Pressing improves the electrode density.
- the separator of the secondary battery is not particularly limited as long as it can electrically insulate the positive electrode and the negative electrode and can hold the electrolytic solution.
- separators include polyolefin polymers such as polyethylene and polypropylene; polyester polymers such as polyethylene terephthalate; aromatic polyamide polymers, polyimide polymers such as polyetherimide; polyethersulfone; polysulfone; polyether. Ketone; polystyrene; polyethylene oxide; polycarbonate; polyvinyl chloride; polyacrylonitrile; polymethylmethacrylate; single-layer or multi-layer porous membrane containing ceramics and the like, non-woven fabric and the like are included. Further, it may be glass, paper or the like.
- a porous membrane of a polyolefin polymer for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
- a polyolefin polymer for example, polyethylene, polypropylene, etc.
- Examples of commercially available polyolefin-based polymer porous membranes include Cellguard® (single-layer polypropylene separator, single-layer polyethylene separator, polypropylene / polyethylene / polypropylene 3-layer separator, etc.) manufactured by Polypore, and Hypore manufactured by Asahi Kasei Corporation (registered trademark). Includes (registered trademark) (single-layer polyethylene), SETELA (registered trademark) (single-layer polyethylene) manufactured by Toray Co., Ltd., and the like.
- the separator may be surface-treated or may be pre-coated with a layer of inorganic particles.
- the resin-containing layer is a layer obtained by applying a composition containing the above-mentioned resin composition, that is, the above-mentioned coating composition and solidifying the composition.
- the resin-containing layer may be arranged at least one of the positive electrode and the separator and between the negative electrode and the separator, but if they are arranged in both of them, the strength and transportability of the laminated body may be improved. It will increase. Further, the above-mentioned resin composition exhibits high adhesion to both the positive electrode and the negative electrode. Therefore, there is an advantage that it can be used for both the adhesion between the positive electrode and the separator and the adhesion between the negative electrode and the separator.
- the thickness of the resin-containing layer is preferably 0.2 ⁇ m or more and 25 ⁇ m or less, and preferably 0.5 ⁇ m or more and 20 ⁇ m or less. The method of forming the resin-containing layer will be described in detail later.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution is a solution in which an electrolyte is dissolved in a non-aqueous solvent.
- non-aqueous solvents include aprotic organic solvents capable of transporting cations and anions constituting the electrolyte, which do not substantially impair the function of the secondary battery.
- non-aqueous solvents include organic solvents commonly used as non-aqueous electrolytes for lithium ion secondary batteries, and specific examples include carbonates, halogenated hydrocarbons, ethers, ketones, nitriles, etc. Lactones, esters, oxorane compounds and the like are included. Among them, propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, ethylmethyl carbonate, 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, methyl propionate, ethyl propionate, succinonitrile, 1,3-propane. Sluton, fluoroethylene carbonate, vinylene carbonate and the like are preferable.
- the non-aqueous electrolytic solution may contain only one type of non-aqueous solvent, or may contain two or more types.
- the electrolyte is not particularly limited as long as it can transport cations and anions by the non-aqueous solvent and does not substantially impair the function of the secondary battery.
- Examples of electrolytes when the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a lithium ion secondary battery include lithium salts of fluoro complex anions such as LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , and LBF 4 ; and inorganic lithium such as LiClO 4 , LiCl, and LiBr.
- Lithium sulfonic acid salts such as LiCH 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 SO 3 , Li (CF 3 OSO 2 ) 2 N, Li (CF 3 OSO 2 ) 3 C, Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) 2 N, Li (CF 3 SO 2 ) Contains organic lithium salts such as 3C .
- the non-aqueous electrolyte solution may contain only one type of electrolyte, or may contain two or more types of electrolytes.
- the shape of the exterior body of the secondary battery is not particularly limited, and is appropriately selected according to the application of the secondary battery and the like.
- the exterior body may be a cylindrical can, a laminated pouch, or the like, as long as it can hold the laminated body including the above-mentioned electrodes, separators, and resin-containing layer and the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the method for manufacturing a secondary battery of the present invention is a step of forming a resin-containing layer containing the above-mentioned resin composition on at least one surface of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode.
- Resin-containing layer forming step and a step of laminating the positive electrode, the separator, and the negative electrode so that the resin-containing layer is located between the positive electrode and the separator and between the negative electrode and the separator (lamination).
- a step) and a step of hot-pressing the laminate are included at least.
- the outer body may be filled with the laminate and the laminate may be impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolytic solution (non-aqueous electrolytic solution impregnation step).
- a resin-containing layer containing the above-mentioned resin composition is formed on at least one surface of at least one member selected from the group consisting of a positive electrode, a separator, and a negative electrode. do.
- the method for forming the resin-containing layer may be any method as long as it is a method of applying a coating composition and solidifying it, and any of the following methods can be used.
- a coating composition is applied to one surface of an electrode (positive electrode or negative electrode) and solidified to form a laminated body of an electrode and a resin-containing layer (also referred to as a “laminated electrode” in the present specification).
- the coating composition is applied to one surface or both surfaces of the separator and solidified to form a laminate of the separator and the resin-containing layer (also referred to as "laminator separator” in the present specification).
- the above-mentioned coating composition is applied onto a separately prepared substrate and solidified, then the coating film is peeled off from the substrate, and the coating film is attached to a separator or an electrode.
- the base material include a base material made of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and the like.
- (1) a method of forming a laminating electrode and (2) a method of forming a laminating separator are preferable in terms of simplification of the base material peeling step and the laminating step. Further, the method (2) for forming the separator for laminating is particularly preferable because the resin-containing layer can be formed without affecting the electrodes.
- the method of applying the above coating composition is not particularly limited.
- examples of the method for solidifying the coating composition include immersion in a non-solvent or drying. These may be combined.
- a non-solvent a solvent that does not dissolve the resin composition such as water can be used.
- a poor solvent such as ethanol may be contained.
- the drying temperature for drying is usually preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 190 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 180 ° C. or lower.
- the drying time is preferably 1 second or more and 15 hours or less.
- the atmosphere at the time of drying is not particularly limited, and the product may be dried under an atmosphere of an inert gas such as nitrogen or under reduced pressure. Further, after drying, further heat treatment may be performed if necessary.
- each member is arranged in the order of the positive electrode, the resin-containing layer, the separator, the resin-containing layer, and the negative electrode.
- the laminating method of the laminating step is appropriately selected depending on which method is used to prepare the resin-containing layer. For example, when a laminating electrode in which a resin-containing layer is laminated on one surface of the electrode is prepared in the resin-containing layer forming step, the laminating electrode is oriented so that the resin-containing layer of the laminating electrode and the separator face each other. And the separator are laminated. When a laminating separator having resin-containing layers formed on both sides of the separator is prepared in the resin-containing layer forming step, the laminating separator is sandwiched between the positive electrode and the negative electrode.
- the laminate formed in the laminating step may include only one unit composed of a positive electrode, a resin-containing layer, a separator, a resin-containing layer, and a negative electrode, or may include a plurality of the units.
- a resin-containing layer or a separator may be further arranged between the units.
- the hot pressing step is a step of hot pressing the laminate produced in the above-mentioned laminating step.
- the resin-containing layer firmly adheres to the separator and the electrode. Therefore, in the hot pressing step, it is preferable to perform at least dry bonding, and wet bonding performed after impregnating the laminate with a non-aqueous electrolytic solution may be further performed.
- high adhesiveness can be obtained for both the positive electrode and the negative electrode by dry adhesion.
- the laminate is wet-bonded to further enhance the adhesion between the layers.
- Dry Adhesion is performed before the above-mentioned laminate is impregnated with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the temperature during dry bonding is the temperature at which significant changes (including simple structural changes due to decomposition and mere state changes such as melting and vaporization) are observed in either the electrodes or separators, considering the heat resistance of the electrodes and separators.
- the lowest temperature is appropriately selected as the upper limit.
- the heating temperature is preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 220 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 50 ° C. or higher and 120 ° C. or lower.
- the heating time is preferably 1 second or more and 15 hours or less.
- the pressure at the time of pressing is appropriately set to the lowest pressure among the pressures at which remarkable structural changes (changes in electrode density, breakage, changes in separator air permeability, etc.) are observed in either the electrode or the separator. Be selected.
- the pressure at the time of pressing is preferably 0.01 MPa (G) or more and 30 MPa (G), more preferably 0.5 MPa (G) or more and 20 MPa (G) or less.
- wet Adhesion is performed after impregnating the laminate with the above-mentioned non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- the temperature at the time of wet bonding is significantly changed in any of the electrode, separator and non-aqueous electrolytic solution (simple state change such as chemical structure change due to decomposition and melting / vaporization).
- the lowest temperature is appropriately selected as the upper limit.
- the temperature during hot pressing is preferably room temperature or higher and 130 ° C. or lower, and more preferably 40 ° C. or higher and 100 ° C. or lower.
- the pressure during hot pressing is preferably 0.01 MPa (G) or more and 10 MPa (G), more preferably 0.1 MPa (G) or more and 8 MPa (G) or less.
- the laminate or the non-aqueous electrolytic solution may be preheated before the hot pressing.
- the preheating time is preferably 1 second or more and 1 hour or less.
- the pressing time at the above pressure is more preferably 1 second or more and 1 hour or less.
- a step of filling the above-mentioned exterior body with a dry-bonded laminate or a non-dry-bonded laminate and impregnating the non-aqueous electrolytic solution may be further included. ..
- the method for filling the laminate and the method for impregnating the non-aqueous electrolytic solution are the same as the known method for filling the laminated body of the secondary battery and the method for impregnating the non-aqueous electrolytic solution.
- Example A1 Preparation of vinylidene fluoride copolymer 1
- VDF vinylidene fluoride
- HFP hexafluoropropylene
- APS acryloyloxypropyl succinic acid
- copolymer 1 The obtained copolymer was heat-treated at 95 ° C. for 60 minutes, then dehydrated, washed with water, and further dried at 80 ° C. for 20 hours to obtain VDF-HFP-APS.
- the copolymer particles contained 15.3% by mass of HFP, 0.3% by mass of APS, and ⁇ was 1.7 dL / g. This copolymer was designated as copolymer 1.
- Example A2 (Preparation of vinylidene fluoride copolymer 2) VDF-HFP-APS was polymerized in the same manner as in the copolymer 1 to obtain the copolymer 2.
- the copolymer 2 contained 6.0% by mass of HFP, 0.8% by mass of APS, and ⁇ was 1.5 dL / g.
- Example A3 (Preparation of vinylidene fluoride copolymer 3) VDF-HFP-APS was polymerized in the same manner as in Copolymer 1 to obtain Copolymer 3.
- the copolymer 3 contained 9.1% by mass of HFP, 0.9% by mass of APS, and ⁇ was 1.5 dL / g.
- Comparative Example A2 (Preparation of vinylidene fluoride copolymer 5) VDF-HFP-APS was polymerized in the same manner as in the copolymer 1 to obtain the copolymer 5.
- the copolymer 5 contained 7.8% by mass of HFP, 0.3% by mass of APS, and ⁇ was 3.3 dL / g.
- VDF-HFP-APS was polymerized in the same manner as in the copolymer 1 to obtain the copolymer 6.
- the copolymer 6 contained 26.0% by mass of HFP, 0.4% by mass of APS, and ⁇ was 1.9 dL / g.
- Comparative Example A4 (Preparation of vinylidene fluoride copolymer 7) VDF-HFP was polymerized in the same manner as in Copolymer 1 except that APS was not added to obtain Copolymer 7.
- the copolymer 7 contained 13.5% by mass of HFP, and ⁇ was 1.4 dL / g.
- Comparative Example A5 (Preparation of vinylidene fluoride copolymer 8) VDF-HFP-APS was polymerized in the same manner as in the copolymer 1 to obtain the copolymer 8.
- the copolymer 8 contained 5.6% by mass of HFP, 1.5% by mass of APS, and ⁇ was 1.5 dL / g.
- negative electrode BTR918 modified natural graphite, manufactured by BTR
- conductive aid manufactured by SuperP TIMCAL
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- BM-400 manufactured by Nippon Zeon
- Water was added to 2 parts by mass and 1 part by mass of CMC (carboxymethyl cellulose, cellogen 4H manufactured by Daiichi Kogyo Seiyaku Co., Ltd.) to prepare a slurry, which was applied to a Cu foil (thickness 10 ⁇ m). After drying, it was pressed and heat-treated at 150 ° C. for 3 hours, and then pressed to obtain a negative electrode having an electrode bulk density of 1.6 g / cm 3 and a coating amount of 60 g / m 2 .
- a hot press was performed from the outside of the aluminum laminate pouch using a flat plate press to bond the separator for lamination and the positive electrode, and a sample for measuring the peel strength (separator for lamination / positive electrode) was obtained.
- the sample for measuring the peel strength was prepared by hot pressing at an arbitrary temperature for 1 minute with residual heat and then with a surface pressure of about 4 MPa (G) for 2 minutes.
- the positive electrode current collector side of the prepared sample for peel strength measurement was fixed to the support, the support was fixed to a tensile tester (ORIENTEC "STA-1150 UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE"), and the separator was set at a head speed of 200 mm / min. Was subjected to a 180 ° tensile peel test, and the peel strength between the resin-containing layer and the positive electrode was measured.
- the sample for measuring the peel strength was prepared by hot pressing at 70 ° C., 2 rpm and a linear pressure of about 4 N / mm.
- the positive electrode or negative electrode of the prepared sample for measuring peel strength is fixed to the support, and the support is fixed to a tensile tester (“STA-1150 UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE” manufactured by ORIENTEC), and the head speed is 200 mm /
- the separator was pulled and subjected to a 180 ° peel test, and the peel strength between the positive electrode and the resin-containing layer and the peel strength between the negative electrode and the resin-containing layer were measured.
- the amount of the constituent units derived from vinylidene fluoride is 73.7% by mass or more and 96.9% by mass or less with respect to the total amount of the constituent units constituting the vinylidene fluoride copolymer.
- the amount of the structural unit having a carboxy group is 0.1% by mass or more and 1.5% by mass or less, the amount of other structural units is 3% by mass or more and 30% by mass or less, and the polyvinylidene fluoride copolymer weight is Lamination prepared using the resin compositions of Examples A1 to A3 in which the intrinsic viscosity of a solution prepared by dissolving 4 g of the coalescence in 1 L of N, N-dimethylformamide at 30 ° C.
- the resin composition of the present invention is excellent in both positive electrode and negative electrode dry adhesiveness. Therefore, it is very useful in manufacturing electrodes for secondary batteries and the like.
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Abstract
Description
フッ化ビニリデン由来の構成単位を73.7質量%以上96.9質量%以下、カルボキシ基を含む構成単位を0.1質量%以上1.3質量%以下、およびカルボキシ基を含まず、かつ前記フッ化ビニリデンと共重合可能な化合物由来の、他の構成単位を3質量%以上25質量%以下、有する(ただし、前記フッ化ビニリデンを構成する構成単位の総量を100質量%とする)フッ化ビニリデン共重合体を含み、前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体4gを1LのN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させた溶液の30℃における固有粘度が0.5dL/g以上3dL/g以下である、樹脂組成物。
上記樹脂組成物と、溶媒と、を含む、コーティング組成物。
電極と、前記電極の少なくとも一方の面に配置された、上記樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層と、を有する、積層用電極。
セパレータと、前記セパレータの少なくとも一方の面に配置された、上記樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層と、を有する、積層用セパレータ。
正極と、セパレータと、負極と、を含み、前記正極と前記セパレータとの間、および/または前記負極と前記セパレータとの間に、上記樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層をさらに有する、非水電解質二次電池。
正極、セパレータ、および負極からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの部材の、少なくとも一方の面に、上記コーティング組成物を塗布し、固化させて樹脂含有層を形成する工程と、前記樹脂含有層が、前記正極および前記セパレータの間、および/または前記負極および前記セパレータの間に位置するように、前記正極、前記セパレータ、および前記負極を積層して積層体を形成する工程と、前記積層体を熱プレスする工程と、を有する、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
本発明の樹脂組成物(コーティング剤)は、非水電解質二次電池の電極とセパレータとを固定するための樹脂含有層の形成等に主に用いられる樹脂組成物である。ただし、樹脂組成物(コーティング剤)の用途は、当該樹脂含有層に限定されない。本明細書において、「樹脂組成物」および「コーティング剤」との用語は、同様の意味で使用する。
本発明の樹脂組成物は、以下のフッ化ビニリデン共重合体を含んでいればよく、樹脂組成物は、当該フッ化ビニリデン共重合体を一種以上含んでいてもよく、二種以上含んでいてもよい。
固有粘度η=(1/C)・ln(η1/η0)
上記式中、Cは、樹脂組成物の単位当たりの濃度であり、ここでは0.4g/dlである。
本発明のコーティング組成物(コーティング液)は、主に非電解質二次電池のセパレータと電極とを接着するための樹脂含有層を形成するための組成物であり、上述の樹脂組成物を含む。コーティング組成物(コーティング液)は、例えば、上述の樹脂組成物を溶媒に分散または溶解させた組成物とすることができ、無機フィラー等をさらに含んでいてもよい。また、本発明の目的および効果を損なわない範囲において、各種添加剤を含んでいてもよい。ただし、コーティング組成物(コーティング液)の用途は、樹脂含有層の形成に限定されない。本明細書において、「コーティング組成物」および「コーティング液」との用語は、同様の意味で使用する。
本発明の二次電池は、正極、セパレータ、および負極を含む積層体と、非水電解液と、これらを覆う外装体と、を含む。また、上記積層体の正極とセパレータとの間、および/または負極とセパレータとの間には、上述の樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層が配置される。なお、正極とセパレータとの間、および負極とセパレータとの間のいずれか一方のみに樹脂含有層が配置されてもよいが、両方に樹脂含有層が配置されると、電極やセパレータにずれやシワ等が生じ難くなり、得られる二次電池の強度や性能が向上する。
二次電池が有する電極は、公知の二次電池の電極と同様とすることができる。電極は、通常、集電体と、当該集電体の少なくとも一方の面に配置された、活物質を含む合剤層と、を含む。
二次電池が有するセパレータは正極と負極とを電気的に絶縁可能であり、かつ電解液を保持可能であれば特に制限されない。セパレータの例には、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィン系高分子;ポリエチレンテレフタレート等のポリエステル系高分子;芳香族ポリアミド系高分子、ポリエーテルイミド等のポリイミド系高分子;ポリエーテルスルホン;ポリスルホン;ポリエーテルケトン;ポリスチレン;ポリエチレンオキサイド;ポリカーボネート;ポリ塩化ビニル;ポリアクリロニトリル;ポリメチルメタクリレート;セラミックス等を含む単層または多層の多孔膜や、不織布等が含まれる。また、ガラスや紙等であってもよい。
樹脂含有層は、上述の樹脂組成物を含む組成物、すなわち上述のコーティング組成物を塗布し、固化させて得られる層である。当該樹脂含有層は、上記正極とセパレータとの間、および負極とセパレータとの間の少なくとも一方に配置されていればよいが、両方に配置されていると、積層体の強度や搬送性等が高まる。また、上述の樹脂組成物は、正極および負極のいずれに対しても、高い密着性を示す。したがって、正極とセパレータとの接着、および負極とセパレータとの接着の両方に使用できるという利点がある。
非水電解液は、非水系溶媒に電解質を溶解させた溶液である。非水系溶媒の例には、電解質を構成するカチオン及びアニオンを輸送可能な非プロトン性の有機溶媒であって、かつ、実質的に二次電池の機能を損なわないものが含まれる。
二次電池の外装体の形状は特に制限されず、二次電池の用途等に合わせて適宜選択される。外装体は、上述の電極、セパレータ、および樹脂含有層を含む積層体と、非水電解液とを保持可能であればよく、例えば円筒缶や、ラミネートパウチ等であってもよい。
上記二次電池の製造方法について説明する。以下、電極とセパレータとの間、および負極とセパレータとの間にそれぞれ樹脂含有層を形成する場合を例に説明するが、上述のように、樹脂含有層は、いずれか一方のみに配置されていてもよい。
樹脂含有層形成工程では、正極、セパレータ、および負極からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの部材の、少なくとも一方の面に、上述の樹脂組成物を含有する樹脂含有層を形成する。当該樹脂含有層の形成方法は、コーティング組成物を塗布し、固化させる方法であればよく、以下のいずれかの方法とすることができる。
(2)セパレータの一方の面、もしくは両方の面にコーティング組成物を塗布し、固化させて、セパレータおよび樹脂含有層の積層体(本明細書において「積層用セパレータ」とも称する)を形成する。
(3)上述のコーティング組成物を、別途用意した基材上に塗布し、固化させた後、塗膜を基材から剥離し、当該塗膜をセパレータや電極に貼り付ける。なお、基材の例には、ポリエチレンテレフタレート(PET)製の基材等が含まれる。
積層工程では、正極、樹脂含有層、セパレータ、樹脂含有層、および負極の順に各部材を配置する。当該積層工程の積層方法は、上記樹脂含有層をいずれの方法で作製したかに応じて適宜選択される。例えば、樹脂含有層形成工程で、電極の一方の面に樹脂含有層が積層された積層用電極を準備した場合には、積層用電極の樹脂含有層とセパレータとが対向するように積層用電極とセパレータとを積層する。また、上記樹脂含有層形成工程でセパレータの両面に樹脂含有層が形成された積層用セパレータを準備した場合には、正極および負極の間に、積層用セパレータを挟み込む。
熱プレス工程は、上述の積層工程で作製した積層体を熱プレスする工程である。本発明では、非水電解液を上記積層体に含浸させる前にドライ接着を行うと、樹脂含有層がセパレータや電極に強固に密着する。したがって、熱プレス工程では、少なくともドライ接着を行うことが好ましく、非水電解液を上記積層体に含浸させた後に行うウェット接着をさらに行ってもよい。なお、本発明の二次電池の製造方法では、ドライ接着により、正極および負極のいずれに対しても高い接着性を得ることができる。また、当該積層体は、ウェット接着を行うことで、さらに各層間の密着性が高まる。
ドライ接着は、上述の積層体を非水電解質に含浸させる前に行う。ドライ接着時の温度は、電極、セパレータの耐熱性を考慮し、電極やセパレータのいずれかに顕著な変化(分解による化学構造変化や溶融・気化などの単なる状態変化を含む)がみられる温度のうち、最も低い温度を上限として適宜選択する。例えば、加熱温度は、40℃以上220℃以下が好ましく、50℃以上120℃がより好ましい。また、加熱時間は1秒以上15時間以下が好ましい。また、プレス時の圧力は、電極やセパレータのいずれかに顕著な構造変化(電極の密度変化、破断、セパレータの透気度の変化等)が見られる圧力のうち、最も低い圧力を上限として適宜選択される。例えば、プレス時の圧力は0.01MPa(G)以上30MPa(G)が好ましく、0.5MPa(G)以上20MPa(G)以下がより好ましい。
ウェット接着は、上述の非水電解液を積層体に含浸させた後に行う。ウェット接着時の温度は、電極、セパレータおよび電解液の耐熱性を考慮し、電極やセパレータおよび非水電解液のいずれかに顕著な変化(分解による化学構造変化や溶融・気化などの単なる状態変化を含む)がみられる温度のうち、最も低い温度を上限として適宜選択する。例えば、熱プレス時の温度は、常温以上130℃以下が好ましく、40℃以上100℃以下がより好ましい。熱プレス時の圧力は、0.01MPa(G)以上10MPa(G)が好ましく、0.1MPa(G)以上8MPa(G)以下がより好ましい。さらに、熱プレスを行う前に、積層体や非水電解液を予熱してもよい。予熱時間は1秒以上1時間以下が好ましい。また、上記圧力でのプレス時間は1秒以上1時間以下がより好ましい。
上述のように、ドライ接着した積層体、もしくはドライ接着していない積層体を上述の外装体に充填し、非水電解液を含浸させる工程をさらに含んでいてもよい。積層体の充填方法や非水電解液の含浸方法は、公知の二次電池の積層体の充填方法や非水電解液の含浸方法と同様である。
以下の手順で、各樹脂組成物(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体)を調製した。
(1)実施例A1(フッ化ビニリデン共重合体1の調製)
容積2Lのオートクレーブに、イオン交換水286質量部、メチルセルロース0.1質量部、フッ化ビニリデン(VDF)82質量部、ヘキサフルオロプロピレン(HFP)18質量部、アクリロイロキシプロピルコハク酸(APS)0.5質量部、およびジイソプロピルパーオキシジカーボネート1.5質量部を入れ、28℃で重合した。得られた共重合体を、95℃で60分間熱処理した後、脱水、水洗し、さらに80℃で20時間乾燥して、VDF-HFP-APSを得た。この共重合体粒子には、HFPが15.3質量%、APSが0.3質量%含まれており、ηは1.7dL/gであった。この共重合体を共重合体1とした。
共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-HFP-APSを重合し、共重合体2を得た。共重合体2には、HFPが6.0質量%、APSが0.8質量%含まれており、ηは1.5dL/gであった。
共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-HFP-APSを重合し、共重合体3を得た。共重合体3には、HFPが9.1質量%、APSが0.9質量%含まれており、ηは1.5dL/gであった。
HFPを加えなかったこと以外は、共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-APSを重合し、共重合体4を得た。共重合体4には、APSが0.7質量%含まれており、ηは2.5dL/gであった。
共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-HFP-APSを重合し、共重合体5を得た。共重合体5には、HFPが7.8質量%、APSが0.3質量%含まれており、ηは3.3dL/gであった。
共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-HFP-APSを重合し、共重合体6を得た。共重合体6には、HFPが26.0質量%、APSが0.4質量%含まれており、ηは1.9dL/gであった。
APSを加えなかったこと以外は、共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-HFPを重合し、共重合体7を得た。共重合体7には、HFPが13.5質量%含まれており、ηは1.4dL/gであった。
共重合体1と同様の方法で、VDF-HFP-APSを重合し、共重合体8を得た。共重合体8には、HFPが5.6質量%、APSが1.5質量%含まれており、ηは1.5dL/gであった。
上記の実施例A1~A3、および比較例A1~A5で調製したフッ化ビニリデン共重合体について、以下の方法で構成単位量を特定し、さらに当該フッ化ビニリデン共重合体の固有粘度を以下の方法で測定した。結果を表1に示す。
フッ化ビニリデン共重合体を構成する構成単位の量を、1H-NMRおよび19F-NMRで特定した。
上記の実施例A1~A3、および比較例A1~A5で調製したフッ化ビニリデン共重合体4gを、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド1Lに溶解させた樹脂組成物含有溶液を準備した。そして、当該樹脂組成物含有溶液の粘度η1を、30℃の恒温槽内でウベローデ粘度計を用いて測定した。同様に、30℃の恒温槽内でウベローデ粘度計を用いて、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミドの粘度η0を測定した。そして、以下の式に基づき、固有粘度ηを求めた。
固有粘度η=(1/C)・ln(η1/η0)
上記式中、Cは、樹脂組成物の単位当たりの濃度であり、ここでは0.4g/dlである。
(1)実施例B1~B3および比較例B1~B5
・コーティング組成物の調製
上記樹脂組成物の濃度が5質量%になるように、樹脂組成物を室温でN-メチル-2-ピロリドン(NMP)に分散し、その後溶液温度を50℃に昇温して樹脂組成物を溶解させた(以下、ポリマー溶液を称す)。ポリマー溶液400質量部(樹脂組成物:20質量部)と、アルミナ粒子(AKP-20、住友化学社製、平均粒子径0.46μm)80質量部を混合し、NMPを加えて固形分15質量%のコーティング組成物を得た。
(1)正極の作製
LiNiCoMnO2(MX6、ユミコア社製)94質量部、導電助剤(SuperP TIMCAL社製)3質量部、およびPVDF(ポリフッ化ビニリデン、(KF#7200、クレハ社製))3質量部に、NMPを加えてスラリーを作製し、Al箔(厚さ15μm)に塗布した。乾燥した後、プレスし、120℃で3時間熱処理を実施し、電極嵩密度が3.0g/cm3、目付け量が103g/m2である正極を得た。
BTR918(改質天然黒鉛、BTR社製)95質量部、導電助剤(SuperP TIMCAL社製)2質量部、SBR(スチレンブタジエンゴム)ラテックス(BM-400 日本ゼオン社製)2質量部、およびCMC(カルボキシメチルセルロース、セロゲン4H 第一工業製薬社製)1質量部に水を加えてスラリーを作製し、Cu箔(厚さ10μm)に塗布した。乾燥した後、プレスし、150℃で3時間熱処理を実施した後、プレスし、電極嵩密度が1.6g/cm3、目付け量が60g/m2である負極を得た。
上記コーティング組成物をセパレータ(単層ポリエチレン、厚み20μm)の片面に、ウェット塗布量24μmのワイヤーバーを用いて逐次コートした。そして、凝固浴(水)に3分間浸漬した。その後、洗浄液(水)に1分間浸漬し、70℃で30分間、窒素下で乾燥させた。さらに70℃で2時間、真空中での熱処理を実施した。
上記により得られた正極を2.5×5.0cmに切り出し、積層用セパレータを3.0×6.0cmに切り出し、正極の正極合剤層と積層用セパレータの樹脂含有層とが向かい合うように接合させた。この接合体を、アルミラミネートパウチに入れ、電解液(EC(エチレンカーボネート)/EMC(エチルメチルカーボネート)=3/7(体積比)、1.2MLiPF6、およびVC(ビニレンカーボネート)の混合物(VCの濃度:1質量%))を160μL注液後、真空封止し、25℃で一晩静置した。アルミラミネートパウチの外側から、平板プレス機を用いて加熱プレスを行い、積層用セパレータと正極とを接着させ、剥離強度測定用サンプル(積層用セパレータ/正極)を得た。剥離強度測定用サンプルは、任意の温度で、余熱1分間の後、面圧約4MPa(G)で2分間熱プレスを行うことで作製した。作製した剥離強度測定用サンプルの正極集電体側を支持体に固定し、支持体を引張試験機(ORIENTEC社製「STA-1150 UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE」)に固定し、ヘッド速度200mm/分で、セパレータを引張り180°剥離試験を行い、樹脂含有層と正極との間の剥離強度を測定した。
上記により得られた正極または負極を2.5×5.0cmに切り出した。一方、積層用セパレータを3.0×6.0cmに切り出した。そして、正極の正極合剤層または負極の負極合剤層と、積層用セパレータ樹脂含有層とが向かい合うように接合させた。
この接合体を、ロールプレス機を用いて加熱プレスを行い、積層用セパレータの樹脂含有層と正極または負極とを接着させ、剥離強度測定用サンプルを得た。剥離強度測定用サンプルは、70℃、2rpm、線圧約4N/mmで熱プレスを行うことで作製した。
作製した剥離強度測定用サンプルの正極または負極の集電体側を支持体に固定し、支持体を、引張試験機(ORIENTEC社製「STA-1150 UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE」)に固定し、ヘッド速度200mm/分で、セパレータを引張り180°剥離試験を行い、正極と樹脂含有層との剥離強度、および負極と樹脂含有層との剥離強度をそれぞれ測定した。
Claims (9)
- フッ化ビニリデン由来の構成単位を73.7質量%以上96.9質量%以下、
カルボキシ基を含む構成単位を0.1質量%以上1.3質量%以下、および
カルボキシ基を含まず、かつ前記フッ化ビニリデンと共重合可能な化合物由来の、他の構成単位を3質量%以上25質量%以下、
有する(ただし、前記フッ化ビニリデンを構成する構成単位の総量を100質量%とする)フッ化ビニリデン共重合体を含み、
前記フッ化ビニリデン共重合体4gを1LのN,N-ジメチルホルムアミドに溶解させた溶液の30℃における固有粘度が0.5dL/g以上3dL/g以下である、
樹脂組成物。 - 前記他の構成単位が、クロロトリフルオロエチレンまたはヘキサフルオロプロピレン由来の構成単位である、
請求項1または2に記載の樹脂組成物。 - 請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物と、
溶媒と、
を含む、コーティング組成物。 - レーザー回折散乱法で測定されるメディアン径が10μm以下である無機フィラーを、固形分中に30質量%以上99質量%以下含む、
請求項4に記載のコーティング組成物。 - 電極と、
前記電極の少なくとも一方の面に配置された、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層と、
を有する、積層用電極。 - セパレータと、
前記セパレータの少なくとも一方の面に配置された、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層と、
を有する、積層用セパレータ。 - 正極と、セパレータと、負極と、を含み、
前記正極と前記セパレータとの間、および/または前記負極と前記セパレータとの間に、請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の樹脂組成物を含む樹脂含有層をさらに有する、
非水電解質二次電池。 - 正極、セパレータ、および負極からなる群から選ばれる少なくとも1つの部材の、少なくとも一方の面に、請求項4または5に記載のコーティング組成物を塗布し、固化させて樹脂含有層を形成する工程と、
前記樹脂含有層が、前記正極および前記セパレータの間、および/または前記負極および前記セパレータの間に位置するように、前記正極、前記セパレータ、および前記負極を積層して積層体を形成する工程と、
前記積層体を熱プレスする工程と、
を有する、非水電解質二次電池の製造方法。
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| EP21861022.8A EP4206242A4 (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2021-07-14 | Resin composition, coating composition therewith, electrode for stacking, separator for stacking and secondary battery with anhydrous electrolyte and manufacturing method therefor |
| CN202180055815.8A CN116034119B (zh) | 2020-08-28 | 2021-07-14 | 树脂组合物和包含该树脂组合物的涂层组合物、层叠用电极、层叠用间隔件、以及非水电解质二次电池及其制造方法 |
| KR1020237006057A KR102867501B1 (ko) | 2020-08-28 | 2021-07-14 | 수지 조성물 및 이를 포함하는 코팅 조성물, 적층용 전극, 적층용 세퍼레이터, 및 비수 전해질 이차전지 및 이의 제조 방법 |
| US18/042,698 US20230357466A1 (en) | 2020-08-28 | 2021-07-14 | Resin composition, coating composition comprising same, electrode for stacking, separator for stacking, and nonaqueous-electrolyte secondary battery and producting method therefor |
| JP2022545523A JP7445772B2 (ja) | 2020-08-28 | 2021-07-14 | 樹脂組成物およびこれを含むコーティング組成物、積層用電極、積層用セパレータ、ならびに非水電解質二次電池およびその製造方法 |
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| EP4206242A4 (en) | 2025-03-19 |
| EP4206242A1 (en) | 2023-07-05 |
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| JP7445772B2 (ja) | 2024-03-07 |
| CN116034119B (zh) | 2024-12-20 |
| JPWO2022044593A1 (ja) | 2022-03-03 |
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