WO2017000973A1 - Ship - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a ship having loading hatches in the region of the main deck or upper weather deck, which loading hatches can be covered with hatch covers. In particular in the case of container ships having a large number of cooling containers in a cargo space, the arising air circulation is sometimes insufficient for achieving a sufficient cooling temperature also in the cooling container. Therefore, in an improved ventilation system, closable ventilation openings are provided in the hatch covers.

Description

 ship

The invention relates to a ship with hatches in the region of the main deck or the upper weather deck, which can be covered with hatch covers.

Particularly in the case of container ships, with increasing size of the holds and the increasing number of reusable cooling containers, there is the problem that the cooling capacity for the cargo to be cooled is insufficient. This applies to refrigerated containers with separately assigned refrigeration units, since largely only a circulation of the heated air takes place.

 The heated air can thus no longer be discharged in sufficient volume via corresponding air openings or fresh supply air can be supplied.

This problem is also caused by the fact that the corresponding hatches with hatch covers or hatch covers are waterproof covered and sealed so that in the corresponding hold no adequate exchange of air through existing channels and ventilation devices takes place. This aspect must also be taken into account when the entire cargo space with its individual decks and the containers to be cooled stacked there is to be cooled to the desired temperature by means of a cargo space-specific cooling system.

WO 2013/110274 A1 describes a container ship with a cooling system, in which cooling air units are provided on the individual load compartment decks and the freight stacked there. These cooling air units are provided in the transverse to the ship between adjacent cargo spaces working decks, the holds are separated by bulkhead-like partitions. These cooling air units can intake, cool and also release air via air ducts from the weather deck.

Another ventilation system for ships is known from DE 10 2010 040 913 A1. This ventilation system makes it possible, with inverted U-shaped air ducts and an air inlet on the outboard wall, to direct the air first upwards and then down to the individual loading decks.

 With a larger number of refrigerated containers with their own cooling system and this type of ventilation should also be insufficient, since even here sufficient air circulation and discharge of the heated air is not guaranteed.

Another example of a ventilation system in a combined container and automobile cargo ship is shown in WO 2012/022355 A1.

 The cooling air is generated here centrally via cooling air devices on one side of the ship and guided down to the individual decks of the hold and sucked on the other side of the ship by means of fan devices and discharged to the outside.

Similar examples of marine ventilation systems are also shown in US 6,105,525 and GB 1,383,887.

Taking into account the disadvantages of the ventilation systems of the aforementioned vessels, the invention is based on the object, a ship, in particular a container ship having hatches in the region of the main deck or weather deck, which can be covered with hatch covers, with a simple, improved ventilation system in the area equip the holds, the ship in particular refrigerated containers but also other good to be cooled in the hold or the holds and where possible, despite improved ventilation system, the space above the hatch covers as a cargo space, especially for stackable containers, remains usable.

This object is achieved in a generic ship according to claim 1 by the feature of the characterizing part.

The improvement and simplification can be seen in the core idea of the hatch covers or hatch covers for holds in which cooling Container are stacked or other goods to be cooled transported, equipped with closable ventilation holes.

These vents can be opened manually, mechanically or automatically already at the beginning of a transport journey of the ship or when occurring warm air circulation in the hold without any need for cooling the cargo in the refrigerated containers, so that an exchange of air with the environment and the sea air can take place.

 The vents themselves are designed to meet at least the same requirements as the hatch covers with respect to watertightness or even closed air.

The ventilation openings, which may have different configuration, for example rectangular or circular, are designed in a simple form as ventilation flaps. These ventilation flaps can be arranged hinged or slidable.

 An improvement of this loading space ventilation can be achieved by installing controllable on and off fans or cooling air devices on the corresponding ventilation openings. In this way, on the one hand, the ventilation or ventilation of the cargo space can be improved or even directly by means of the cooling air devices mounted thereon cooling air can be supplied to the decks of the holds.

With regard to the use of the space above or next to the ventilation openings as a cargo space, a stable, rigid support structure or a scaffold or container scaffold is expediently in container ships in the dimensions of next to or on the container to be stowed on the ventilation flaps, fans and cooling air device on the Hatch cover slipped so that more containers can be stacked on the container scaffold.

The ventilation flaps or ventilation devices can also be installed without additional scaffolding or with simple protective scaffolding against damage to or in the ventilation openings.

The support structure itself may expediently have fan and cooling air devices firmly connected to it, so that the support structure or the Protective scaffold as a unit with the corresponding fans or cooling air devices can be placed on and fixed on the ventilation holes on the surface of the hatch cover.

 The support structure with the standardized dimensions of containers has the advantage of being designed to be open and in this form can be easily placed on the hatch cover on the ventilation flaps, fans or cooling air devices. The support structure or the container frame expediently has supports and struts of metal according to the support structure and the dimensions of containers and is expediently open on all sides or at least open on the front sides. In this way it is also possible with stacked container scaffolding to maintain the exchange of air with the refrigerated container located in the hold or to be able to realize a forced air supply or even a forced forced air supply into the cargo space into the ventilator.

Unless air exchange with the cargo space is required, the ventilation flaps can be closed, taking into account a watertight or even airtight seal.

 The adjustability of the ventilation flaps can be done automatically or manually, the operability can be done depending on the arrangement of the ventilation openings of the longitudinal or transverse grommets.

It is also possible to provide closable ventilation openings in the Süllwänden even, which limit the load compartment hatches. This can be done in addition to ventilation holes in hatch covers or alone, without in hatchways ventilation openings are available. It is also conceivable that depending on the available space and the Aufstellraster for containers comparable container scaffolds for ventilation openings can be placed on the longitudinal or transverse grommets below the hatch cover.

The basic idea to use a support structure in the manner of a container scaffold to protect important ship facilities just in the area of the main or weather deck and to use this principle in the sense of a "placeholder" for the stacking of containers comes to an independent invention character an open support structure but also be achieved with a partially to completely closed container scaffolding. The support structure is therefore suitable for overstaffing with cargo of all kinds above the ventilation openings in the hatch cover or of ship units on the hatch cover.

The invention therefore provides a simple solution for the increased ventilation demand in holds with a large number of reefer containers, especially as by means of supplementary units, such as fans or cooling air devices, a forced supply of air, if there is a need, can be realized.

 The hatch covers modified by means of the ventilation openings and, for example, ventilation flaps or the plate-like hatch covers can be lifted off for loading or unloading by means of a crane, displaceable or collapsible. For these operations, previously container scaffolds and aggregates surrounded by it have been removed from the hatch cover.

 The ventilation flaps can also be recessed or smoothly carried out with the surface of the hatch cover.

 It would also be possible to arrange fans or cooling air devices in the first position under the hatch cover in connection with the ventilation openings, wherein a support structure can be provided over the ventilation openings, but can also be omitted.

The invention can be used both in the conversion or retrofitting of ships, but also in a new building in a simple and advantageous manner.

The invention will be explained in more detail with reference to schematic figures and some examples. Show it:

Figure 1 is a perspective view of a ship section of a container ship with the hatch cover exposed on a hatch and adjacent thereto stacked on deck and on a hatchway container.

2 shows the example of the perspective view according to FIG. 1 with opened ventilation flaps over a plurality of ventilation openings provided in the hatch cover to the loading space underneath, as well as a plurality of supporting structures or container structures. te for the protection of the opened hatch cover and the example of a placeholder within a container stack for use of the overlying cargo space;

Figure 3 is a perspective view similar to Figures 1 and 2 with provided within the container frame fans, which are applied to the corresponding ventilation openings. and

Fig. 4 shows an alternative to the embodiment of Fig. 3, in which are provided in place of fans cooling air devices within the respective container frame for forced ventilation of the underlying cargo space.

In Fig. 1 by way of example and in a perspective view of the main or weather deck 6 a ship section 2 of a container ship is shown. A hatch cover 4 is applied to the underlying hatch and closes this at least waterproof.

 The closed by means of the hatch cover 4 hatch is limited by a Süll 7, which extends in the manner of a vertical wall from the weather deck 6 upwards.

To solve the problem of insufficient air supply or discharge from the hold, especially when there is a large number of refrigerated containers stacked, it is proposed as a simple solution to provide ventilation flaps 11 in the hatch cover 4, these ventilation flaps are opened for a correspondingly required air circulation can. If this additional air circulation is not required, the ventilation flaps, which seal the ventilation openings underneath, can also remain closed.

 Closing the ventilation flaps 11 is required in accordance with the safety regulations, for example in rough or heavy seas.

In the adjacent part of the ship section 2, a hatch cover 4 is shown, which is stacked with several rows of containers 9.

The ventilation openings and ventilation flaps 11 provided in the hatch cover 4 are expediently arranged in the longitudinal direction of the ship and / or the container 9 in a row. The arrangement of these ventilation flaps 11 may also be provided on both sides of the hatch cover 4 or in its central region.

 The number of ventilation openings and the number of rows of ventilation openings or ventilation flaps 1 is dependent on the required volume of air to be exchanged via the hatch cover 4 with the underlying cargo space.

In order to use the space above the hatch cover 4 shown in Fig. 1 as a cargo space and on the other hand to ensure the replacement of the required volume of air, proposes the independent solution according to Fig. 2, an existing columns 16 and struts 17 support structure 15 on the open ventilation openings 10 on the hatch cover 4 apply or put on. This support structure 15 is designed according to the standardized Containermaßen, in particular the length of 40 '(foot) or 20' (foot) is taken into account.

In the example of FIG. 2 is shown in the adjacent container stack 25 with triple stacked containers 9, as a corresponding support structure 15 or a container frame 15 can be stacked for example with two rows of containers. Even in such a container stack 25 can be generated on the open end faces 18 and the open bottom side 19 of the support structure 15, a sufficient exchange of air with the underlying cargo space. Also, access to the actuation of the ventilation flaps 11 is ensured via the open end faces 18. Other units can be protected with such a support structure and are stacked and remain in a container stack 25 still accessible.

The illustration of FIG. 3 is similar to the view of FIG. 2. While in Fig. 2, the ventilation openings 10 are equipped with simple ventilation flaps 11, controllable fan 23 are applied in Fig. 3 on the individual ventilation openings, so that a targeted ventilation or venting of the underlying cargo space can be performed.

Although the fans can be applied individually to the respective ventilation openings. But it is also possible, the required number of fans in the required distance of the ventilation holes already pre-installed in the corresponding to provide the container frame 21 as a unit and to be able to put on the hatch cover.

Due to the open design of the container frame 21 and an overstaffing in a container stack 25 both in the height we are possible to the side, because of the free end faces 18 of the required air exchange can take place.

If necessary, other container scaffolds 21 with fans 23 and underlying ventilation openings in the hatch cover 4 can be provided.

In the example according to FIG. 4, a cooling air device 29 consisting of two units is applied in a similar way as previously on corresponding ventilation openings.

 The corresponding container frame 15 has in the case illustrated two such cooling air devices 29. These can, as shown in the adjacent container stack 25, also be stacked or inserted within the lower row with laterally provided containers 9.

The invention therefore makes it possible in a simple and elegant way to provide an effective ventilation system for holds, especially when transported in these holds refrigerated containers with high production of hot air.

The construction principle according to the invention allows additional ventilation corresponding cargo spaces, for the proposed container scaffold safety and ventilation only a relatively small cargo space volume is required and beyond the Überstapelbarkeit is ensured with containers.

In this constructive context, according to the invention, a ship to be secured with ship units on the upper deck can also be designed so that a framework-like, in particular open, support structure is provided which receives the ship's unit to be secured and the support structure with cargo on deck is überstapelbar.

The support structure according to the invention in the manner of a container scaffold can also be used for a space protection of existing on the upper deck of a ship ship units, such as installed cooling units, when the space above the ship's unit with the overstaffing of the support structure, for example, with containers used as a cargo space should.

Claims

1st ship  with hatches in the area of the main deck or upper weather deck (6), which can be covered by hatch covers (4),  characterized,  that in the hatch covers (4) ventilation openings (10) are provided which are closable. 2. Ship according to claim 1,  characterized,  the ventilation openings (10) are equipped with ventilation flaps (11), with active fans (23) or with cooling air devices (29). 3. Ship according to one of claims 1 or 2,  characterized,  a support structure (15; 21) with standardized dimensions, in particular according to the container standards, is provided, and  in that the support structure (15, 21) can be arranged on the hatch cover (4) via the ventilation flaps (11), fans (23) or cooling air devices (29). 4. Ship according to one of claims 1 to 3,  characterized,  the supporting structure (15; 21) has container dimensions and is designed to be stackable with further containers (9). 5. Vessel according to one of claims 1 to 4,  characterized, the ventilation openings (10) can be actuated automatically or manually. 6. Ship according to one of claims 1 to 5,  with loading hatch limiting Süllwänden (7),  characterized,  that closable ventilation openings are provided in the Süllwänden (7). 7. Ship according to one of claims 1 to 6,  characterized,  in that the support structure (15; 21) has supports (16) and struts (17) with external dimensions corresponding to the container dimensions and is open on all sides or open at least on the end faces (18) or a suitable side. 8. Vessel according to one of claims 1 to 7,  characterized,  that it is a container ship, and  that refrigerated containers or cooling containers with their own separate cooling or central cooling are provided in the cargo space or spaces below the cargo hatches. 9. Ship to be secured with ship assemblies on upper deck, in particular according to claim 1,  characterized,  that a framework-like, in particular open, support structure is provided, which receives the ship unit to be secured and the support structure is designed to be stackable with cargo.