WO2016125596A1 - 変性共役ジエン系重合体及びそれを含むゴム組成物 - Google Patents
変性共役ジエン系重合体及びそれを含むゴム組成物 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016125596A1 WO2016125596A1 PCT/JP2016/051740 JP2016051740W WO2016125596A1 WO 2016125596 A1 WO2016125596 A1 WO 2016125596A1 JP 2016051740 W JP2016051740 W JP 2016051740W WO 2016125596 A1 WO2016125596 A1 WO 2016125596A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/04—Oxidation
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/22—Incorporating nitrogen atoms into the molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08C—TREATMENT OR CHEMICAL MODIFICATION OF RUBBERS
- C08C19/00—Chemical modification of rubber
- C08C19/25—Incorporating silicon atoms into the molecule
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/02—Elements
- C08K3/04—Carbon
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K3/34—Silicon-containing compounds
- C08K3/36—Silica
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L15/00—Compositions of rubber derivatives
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a modified conjugated diene polymer capable of improving low heat buildup and wear resistance and a rubber composition containing the same.
- a rubber composition having a low tan ⁇ and excellent in low heat buildup is required as a rubber composition used for tire treads and the like. Further, a rubber composition for a tread is required to have excellent wear resistance in addition to low heat build-up.
- various attempts have been made to improve the affinity between the rubber component and a filler such as carbon black or silica in the rubber composition. Has been made.
- Patent Document 1 graft polymerization is carried out by adding a polar group-containing compound to at least one natural rubber raw material selected from the group consisting of natural rubber, natural rubber latex coagulum, and natural rubber cup lamp to give mechanical shearing force.
- modified natural rubber is proposed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a modified natural rubber latex obtained by adding a polar group-containing mercapto compound to natural rubber latex and adding the polar group-containing mercapto compound to natural rubber molecules in the natural rubber latex.
- Patent Documents 3 to 6 propose modified natural rubber obtained by graft polymerization of various polar group-containing monomers to natural rubber latex.
- a rubber component that can further improve the affinity with a reinforcing filler made of carbon black and / or silica and further improve the low heat buildup and wear resistance of the rubber composition, There was room for further improvements in coalescence.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a modified conjugated diene polymer that can further improve the low heat buildup and wear resistance of a rubber composition, and a rubber composition using the same. Is.
- the present inventors have attempted to modify conjugated diene polymers with various compounds, and found that the problems of the present invention can be solved by modifying with specific compounds.
- the present invention has been completed. That is, the present invention relates to a modified conjugated diene polymer in which a phenoxy group of a polar group-containing phenoxy compound is bonded to at least one of a terminal, a main chain and a side chain of a conjugated diene polymer, and a modified conjugated diene thereof. It is a rubber composition containing a polymer.
- the present invention is a modified conjugated diene polymer in which a phenoxy group of a polar group-containing phenoxy compound is bonded to at least one of a terminal, a main chain, and a side chain of a conjugated diene polymer.
- the conjugated diene polymer used in the modified conjugated diene polymer of the present invention means a polymer (polymer) containing no non-conjugated olefin as a monomer unit component (part of the copolymer). Styrene is not included in the non-conjugated olefin.
- the conjugated diene polymer is not particularly limited and may be either a diene homopolymer or a diene copolymer, and can be appropriately selected according to the purpose.
- natural rubber various kinds Polybutadiene rubber (BR), synthetic polyisoprene rubber (IR), various styrene-butadiene copolymer rubbers (SBR), styrene-isoprene copolymer rubber (SIR), styrene-isoprene-butadiene terpolymer rubber, isoprene -Butadiene copolymer rubber (IBR), acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber (NBR), chloroprene rubber and the like.
- at least one selected from natural rubber and emulsion-polymerized styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber is preferable, and natural rubber is particularly preferable.
- the polar group-containing phenoxy compound according to the present invention is preferably a polar group-containing phenol compound represented by the following general formula (I).
- R is a single bond or a hydrocarbon group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms
- X is a polar group.
- n is 1 or more and 5 or less.
- R is a single bond or that X adjacent to R in the general formula (I) is directly bonded to the aromatic ring with a single bond.
- the polar group of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound according to the present invention includes amino group, imino group, nitrile group, ammonium group, imide group, amide group, hydrazo group, azo group, diazo group, sulfide group, disulfide group, sulfonyl group. , Sulfinyl group, thiocarbonyl group, hydroxyl group, carboxyl group, carbonyl group, epoxy group, oxycarbonyl group, nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group, oxygen-containing heterocyclic group, tin-containing group and alkoxysilyl group. It is preferable that there is at least one.
- the polar group is particularly preferably at least one selected from an amino group and a carboxyl group.
- at least one selected from an amino group and a carboxyl group may be directly bonded to the aromatic ring, or one hydrocarbon group directly bonded to the aromatic ring is selected from the amino group and the carboxyl group. At least one kind may be bonded. Further, at least one selected from an amino group and a carboxyl group may be directly bonded to the aromatic ring, and the other may be bonded to one hydrocarbon group directly bonded to the aromatic ring.
- At least one selected from an amino group and a carboxyl group may be present in at least one selected from the group consisting of a monovalent group derived from a peptide and a monovalent group derived from a protein.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer of the present invention preferably has both an amino group and a carboxyl group as polar groups.
- Examples of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound according to the present invention include tyrosine, amidole, 4-aminophenol, 4- (aminomethyl) phenol, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid, 4-hydroxybenzyl alcohol, 4-triethoxysilylphenol, 4- At least one polar group-containing (thio) phenol compound selected from the group consisting of [(2-triethoxysilyl) ethyl] phenol and 4-[(2-triethoxysilyl) ethylthio] phenol, and a peptide having tyrosine And at least one selected from the group consisting of proteins having tyrosine.
- the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is more preferably at least one selected from the group consisting of tyrosine, a peptide having tyrosine, and a protein having tyrosine.
- the phenoxy group of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is converted into a phenoxy radical by a phenol oxidase such as laccase, and this radical is a double terminal or main chain of the conjugated diene polymer. It is preferably formed by adding to at least one site selected from a bond, a side chain double bond, a main chain double bond ⁇ -position and a side chain double bond ⁇ -position.
- a phenol oxidase laccase is preferable. Laccase is an oxidase that has the ability to oxidize phenols.
- reaction formula (II) shows the case of reacting with the main chain of the conjugated diene polymer.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer (II-a) shows a case where a polar group-containing phenoxy compound is added to the double bond of the main chain of the conjugated diene polymer
- the modified conjugated diene polymer (II-b) The case where a polar group-containing phenoxy compound is added to the ⁇ -position of the double bond of the main chain of the conjugated diene polymer is shown.
- Reaction formula (III) shows the case of reacting with the ⁇ -position of the side chain of the conjugated diene polymer or the double bond of the side chain.
- Modified conjugated diene polymers (III-a) and (III-b) show cases where a polar group-containing phenoxy compound is added to the double bond of the main chain of the conjugated diene polymer.
- (III-c) shows the case where a polar group-containing phenoxy compound is added to the ⁇ -position of the double bond of the main chain of the conjugated diene polymer.
- the reaction for forming the modified conjugated diene polymer of the present invention is not limited to the reaction formula (II) and the reaction formula (III).
- the degree of modification (mmol) refers to the bond amount [mmol (mmol)] of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound in 100 g of the modified conjugated diene polymer.
- the amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound in 100 g of the modified conjugated diene polymer is preferably 0.005 to 55 mmol, more preferably 0.01 to 27 mmol, and more preferably 0.05 to More preferably, it is 16 mmol.
- the addition amount means the binding amount (parts by mass) of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound bound to 100 parts by mass of the modified conjugated diene polymer.
- the degree of modification in the present invention is quantified by a pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS).
- GC-MS pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer
- the polar group-containing phenoxy compound contains a monovalent group derived from a peptide, a monovalent group derived from a protein, or a monovalent group derived from an amino acid (for example, containing a monovalent group derived from an amino acid)
- tyrosine can be mentioned. Remove. This leaves only the amino acid covalently bound to the polymer, which is quantified by pyrolysis GC-MS.
- the amount of amino acid covalently bonded to the modified conjugated diene polymer is defined as the amount of binding of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer of the present invention is produced, for example, as follows.
- water and, if necessary, an emulsifier are added to a latex, a water emulsion or an aqueous dispersion of at least one conjugated diene polymer selected from natural rubber and a synthetic conjugated diene polymer.
- the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is added to the solution, and stirred at a predetermined temperature, whereby the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is conjugated diene in a latex, water emulsion or water dispersion of a conjugated diene polymer.
- An addition reaction is carried out at the ⁇ -position of at least one double bond or double bond of the main chain and side chain of the system polymer molecule.
- the phenoxy group of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is bonded to, in particular, covalently bonded to, at least one of the terminal, main chain, and side chain of the conjugated diene polymer to obtain a modified conjugated diene polymer.
- the polar group-containing phenoxy compound in the addition of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound to the latex, water emulsion or water dispersion of the conjugated diene polymer, in the latex, water emulsion or water dispersion of the conjugated diene polymer in advance.
- Phenol oxidase preferably laccase
- an emulsifier may be added to the conjugated diene polymer latex, water emulsion or water dispersion after emulsifying the polar group-containing phenoxy compound with the emulsifier. It may be added together with an oxidase (preferably laccase). Moreover, an organic peroxide can also be added as needed.
- the emulsifier that can be used for emulsification of the latex of the conjugated diene polymer, the water emulsion or dispersion, and / or the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is not particularly limited, and is nonionic such as polyoxyethylene lauryl ether. Surfactant is mentioned.
- each conjugated diene is used. Since it is important that the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is introduced in a small amount and uniformly into the polymer polymer molecule, the modification reaction is preferably carried out with stirring.
- the modification reaction is preferably carried out with stirring.
- latex of conjugated diene polymer, water The above components such as an emulsion or aqueous dispersion and a polar group-containing phenoxy compound are charged into a reaction vessel and reacted at 30 to 80 ° C.
- a latex, water emulsion or water dispersion of a modified conjugated diene polymer to which a phenoxy compound is added is obtained.
- the latex, water emulsion or aqueous dispersion of the modified conjugated diene polymer thus obtained may be used as it is in the state of latex, water emulsion or water dispersion, and further coagulated and dried. By doing so, it may be used in a solid state. In addition, when using for a rubber composition, it is preferable to use as solid rubber.
- the latex, water emulsion or water dispersion of the modified conjugated diene polymer When used as a solid rubber, the latex, water emulsion or water dispersion of the modified conjugated diene polymer is coagulated, washed, and then dried in a vacuum dryer, air dryer, drum dryer, twin screw extruder, etc.
- a modified conjugated diene polymer in a solid state is obtained by drying using a machine.
- the coagulant used for coagulating the latex, water emulsion or aqueous dispersion of the modified conjugated diene polymer is not particularly limited, but is not limited to acids such as formic acid and sulfuric acid, and sodium chloride. And the like.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer of the present invention is a modified natural rubber
- the protein containing tyrosine contained in the natural rubber latex also reacts, so the addition amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is 0 parts by mass.
- a modified natural rubber may be formed. Therefore, the addition amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound to the conjugated diene polymer before modification is preferably 0 to 10 parts by mass of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conjugated diene polymer. It is more preferable to add 0 to 7 parts by mass, still more preferably 0 to 5 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 0 to 3 parts by mass.
- the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is 3 parts by mass or less, the original physical properties of the conjugated diene polymer such as viscoelasticity and SS characteristics (stress-strain curve in a tensile tester) are not greatly changed. It is particularly possible to ensure the excellent physical properties inherent to the polymer and to maintain or improve the processability of the rubber composition.
- the amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound added to the synthetic conjugated diene polymer is 100 parts by weight of the synthetic conjugated diene polymer. It is preferable to add 0.01 to 10 parts by mass of the compound, more preferably 0.05 to 5 parts by mass, and still more preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass.
- the addition amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is 0.1 parts by mass or more, the low heat buildup and wear resistance of the rubber composition can be particularly preferably improved. Moreover, if the addition amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound is 3 parts by mass or less, the original physical properties of the conjugated diene polymer are not greatly changed, and the excellent physical properties inherent to the conjugated diene polymer are ensured. It is particularly possible to maintain or improve the processability of the rubber composition.
- the rubber component of the rubber composition according to the present invention can contain other diene rubbers within a range not departing from the object of the present invention.
- the rubber component 50 to 100% by mass of the modified conjugated diene polymer and 50 to 0% by mass of other diene rubbers are preferable.
- diene rubbers include natural rubber, styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber, polybutadiene rubber, polyisoprene rubber, acrylonitrile-butadiene copolymer rubber, butyl rubber, halogenated butyl rubber (Cl-IIR, Br-IIR, etc.), At least one selected from the group consisting of ethylene-propylene-diene terpolymer rubber (EPDM), ethylene-butadiene copolymer rubber (EBR), propylene-butadiene copolymer rubber (PBR), and chloroprene rubber. Etc. can be used.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer may be used alone or as a blend of two or more, and other diene rubbers may be used singly or as a blend of two or more.
- the rubber composition according to the present invention preferably further contains a filler in addition to the rubber component containing the modified conjugated diene polymer.
- the blending amount of the filler is not particularly limited, but is preferably in the range of 5 to 150 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the rubber component containing the modified conjugated diene polymer. A range of parts is more preferred. If the blending amount of the filler is 5 parts by mass or more, the reinforcing property can be suitably obtained, and if it is 150 parts by mass or less, deterioration of workability can be prevented.
- the filler blended in the rubber composition according to the present invention at least one selected from carbon black and inorganic filler is used.
- the carbon black is not particularly limited.
- the nitrogen adsorption specific surface area (N 2 SA, measured according to JISK 6217-2: 2001) is preferably 30 to 250 m 2 / g. This carbon black may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type. In the present invention, carbon black is not included in the inorganic filler.
- silica is preferable from the viewpoint of achieving both low heat buildup and wear resistance. Any commercially available silica can be used, among which wet precipitation (precipitation) silica, wet gelation silica, dry silica, and colloidal silica are preferably used, and wet precipitation silica is particularly preferable.
- the BET specific surface area (measured according to ISO 5794/1) of silica is preferably 40 to 350 m 2 / g. Silica having a BET surface area within this range has an advantage that both rubber reinforcement and dispersibility in a rubber component can be achieved.
- silica having a BET surface area in the range of 80 to 350 m 2 / g is more preferable, and silica having a BET surface area in the range of 120 to 350 m 2 / g is particularly preferable.
- an inorganic compound represented by the following general formula (IV) can be used in addition to silica or in addition to silica.
- M 1 is a metal selected from the group consisting of aluminum, magnesium, titanium, calcium, and zirconium, an oxide or hydroxide of these metals, and a hydrate thereof. Or at least one selected from carbonates of these metals, and d, x, y and z are each an integer of 1 to 5, an integer of 0 to 10, an integer of 2 to 5, and an integer of 0 to 10 is there.
- the inorganic compound when both x and z are 0, is at least one metal, metal oxide or metal hydroxide selected from aluminum, magnesium, titanium, calcium and zirconium. It becomes. Further, it is preferable that M 1 in the general formula (IV) is at least one selected from aluminum metal, aluminum oxide or hydroxide, and hydrates thereof, or aluminum carbonate. Aluminum oxide [Al (OH) 3 ] is particularly preferred.
- the inorganic filler in the present invention may be silica alone or a combination of silica and one or more inorganic compounds represented by the general formula (IV).
- various compounding agents such as stearic acid, resin acid, zinc white and other vulcanization activators, vulcanization accelerators, anti-aging agents, and softeners are usually blended in the rubber composition. If necessary, they are kneaded in the first stage or the final stage of kneading, or in the intermediate stage between the first stage and the final stage.
- a Banbury mixer, a meshing internal mixer, a roll, an intensive mixer, a kneader, a twin screw extruder, or the like is used as the kneading apparatus in the present invention.
- Amount of addition was the amount [mmol (mmol)] of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound in 100 g of the modified conjugated diene polymer, and was quantified with a pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer (GC-MS).
- GC-MS pyrolysis gas chromatograph mass spectrometer
- the test sample when the polar group-containing phenoxy compound contains a monovalent group derived from a peptide, a monovalent group derived from a protein, and a monovalent group derived from an amino acid, the test sample was placed in 6N hydrochloric acid at 110 ° C. Soaking for 24 hours, the contained protein or peptide is hydrolyzed, and non-covalent amino acids are removed by reprecipitation. Thereby, only the amino acid covalently bonded to the polymer is left, and it is quantified by pyrolysis GC-MS, and the amount of amino acid covalently bonded to the modified conjugated diene polymer is determined based on the amount of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound. It was. 3.
- Abrasion resistance In accordance with JIS K6264-2: 2005, a test was performed using a Lambone-type wear tester under the condition of a slip rate of 25% at room temperature, and the reciprocal of the wear amount was determined as the vulcanized rubber composition 1 or 2 of Comparative Example 1. The value was expressed as an index according to the following formula. The larger the value, the better the wear resistance.
- Abrasion resistance index ⁇ (Abrasion amount of vulcanized rubber composition 1 or 2 of Comparative Example 1) / (Abrasion amount of test vulcanized rubber composition) ⁇ ⁇ 100
- Production Example 1 Natural rubber latex modification reaction process
- Water was added to the natural rubber field latex to obtain a latex having a dry rubber concentration of 30% by mass.
- 2000 g of this latex was put into a stainless steel reaction vessel equipped with a stirrer and a temperature control jacket, and 10 mL of water and 90 mg of emulsifier [Emulgen 1108, manufactured by Kao Corporation] were added in advance to 10.8 g of tyrosine (100 mass of natural rubber component). 1.8 parts by mass) and laccase (manufactured by Novozymes, trade name “NS81268”) 0.6 g in addition to the emulsified one, and the reaction is carried out at 60 ° C. for 8 hours while stirring. Natural rubber latex was obtained.
- Production Examples 2-8 The polar group-containing phenoxy compound was modified in the same manner as in Production Example 1 except that 10.8 g (1.8 parts by mass) of tyrosine was added instead of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound shown in Table 1 in the amount shown in Table 1. Conjugated diene polymers B to H were obtained. Further, in the same manner as in the modified conjugated diene polymer A, the addition amount and modification degree of the modified conjugated diene polymers B to H were analyzed, and the results shown in Table 1 were obtained.
- Production Example 9 First, equimolar amounts of vinyltriethoxysilane and 4-hydroxybenzenethiol are added to a Schlenk flask, and 1/100 molar amount of azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN) is added, followed by reaction at 170 ° C. for 10 hours with stirring. The product was distilled under reduced pressure (140 to 143 ° C., 0.1 torr or less), and mass spectrum analysis confirmed that 4-[(2-triethoxysilyl) ethylthio] phenol was produced.
- AIBN azobisisobutyronitrile
- Production Example 10 The natural rubber latex was directly coagulated and dried without undergoing a modification reaction step to prepare an unmodified conjugated diene polymer.
- the addition amount is the addition amount (parts by mass) of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound with respect to 100 parts by mass of the unmodified conjugated diene polymer.
- the addition amount is a binding amount (parts by mass) of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound bound to 100 parts by mass of the modified conjugated diene polymer.
- the degree of modification is the amount [mmol (mmol)] of the polar group-containing phenoxy compound in 100 g of the modified conjugated diene polymer.
- * 1 L-tyrosine, manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd.
- Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 1 Twenty kinds of rubber compositions of Examples 1 to 9 and Comparative Example 1 were prepared by kneading the rubber compositions 1 and 2 having the contents shown in Table 2 with a Banbury mixer as a closed kneader. These 20 types of rubber compositions were vulcanized at 145 ° C. for 40 minutes, and then evaluated for low heat buildup (tan ⁇ index) and wear resistance (index). The results are shown in Table 3.
- Production Example 11 100 parts by mass of styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber (SBR, manufactured by JSR, trade name “# 1500”) is shredded into 1 mm squares, and together with 1.8 parts by mass of tyrosine, 100 parts by mass of acetate buffer (20 mM, pH 4. 7), laccase (manufactured by Novozymes A / S, trade name “NS81268”, enzyme activity: 1000 (Unit / g), oxidation-reduction potential: 480 mV) is added to 100 parts by mass of styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber.
- SBR styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber
- Production Example 12 (Styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber modification reaction process) A modified conjugated diene polymer K (styrene-butadiene copolymer rubber K) was obtained in the same manner as in Production Example 11 except that laccase was not added. Table 4 shows the tyrosine addition amount and the degree of modification in Production Examples 11 and 12.
- Example 10 and Comparative Example 2 Two types of rubber compositions of Example 10 and Comparative Example 2 were prepared by kneading with a Banbury mixer, which is a closed kneader, with the rubber compositions 1 and 2 having the contents shown in Table 2. These two kinds of rubber compositions were vulcanized at 145 ° C. for 40 minutes, and then evaluated for low heat buildup (tan ⁇ index) and wear resistance (index). The results are shown in Table 5.
- Example 10 was compared with the rubber composition of Comparative Example 2, rubber composition 1 being a carbon black compound rubber composition and rubber being a silica compound rubber composition. In any of the compositions 2, the low exothermic property (tan ⁇ index) and the wear resistance (index) were good.
- the modified conjugated diene polymer of the present invention as a rubber component of a rubber composition, it is possible to obtain a rubber composition excellent in low heat buildup and wear resistance. Therefore, for passenger cars, light trucks, and light passenger cars.
- tires especially various types of pneumatic radial tires
- a tread member particularly a tread grounding member of a pneumatic radial tire.
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1では、天然ゴム、天然ゴムラテックス凝固物及び天然ゴムカップランプからなる群から選択される少なくとも一種の天然ゴム原材料に、極性基含有化合物を加え機械的せん断力を与えてグラフト重合又は付加させてなる変性天然ゴムが提案されている。
また、特許文献2では、天然ゴムラテックスに極性基含有メルカプト化合物を添加し、該極性基含有メルカプト化合物を天然ゴムラテックス中の天然ゴム分子に付加させてなる変性天然ゴムラテックスが開示されている。
さらに、特許文献3~6では、天然ゴムラテックスに種々の極性基含有単量体をグラフト重合してなる変性天然ゴムが提案されている。
しかしながら、カーボンブラック及び/又はシリカからなる補強性充填材との親和性を更に向上させ、ゴム組成物の低発熱性及び耐摩耗性を更に改良し得るゴム成分を得るべく、変性共役ジエン系重合体を更に改良する余地があった。
即ち、本発明は、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物のフェノキシ基が、共役ジエン系重合体の末端、主鎖及び側鎖の少なくともいずれかに結合してなる変性共役ジエン系重合体、及びその変性共役ジエン系重合体を含むゴム組成物である。
本発明は、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物のフェノキシ基が、共役ジエン系重合体の末端、主鎖及び側鎖の少なくともいずれかに結合してなる変性共役ジエン系重合体である。
本発明の変性共役ジエン系重合体に用いられる共役ジエン系重合体は、モノマー単位成分(共重合体の一部)として非共役オレフィンを含まない重合体(ポリマー)を意味する。なお、スチレンは、非共役オレフィンに含まれないものとする。
前記共役ジエン系重合体としては、特に制限はなく、ジエン系単独重合体及びジエン系共重合体のいずれでも良く、目的に応じて適宜選択することができ、例えば、天然ゴム(NR)、各種ポリブタジエンゴム(BR)、合成ポリイソプレンゴム(IR)、各種スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(SBR)、スチレン-イソプレン共重合体ゴム(SIR)、スチレン-イソプレン-ブタジエン三元共重合体ゴム、イソプレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(IBR)、アクリロニトリル-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(NBR)、クロロプレンゴムなどが挙げられる。これらの内、天然ゴム及び乳化重合スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴムから選択される少なくとも1種が好ましく、天然ゴムが特に好ましい。
本発明に係る極性基含有フェノキシ化合物は、下記一般式(I)で表される極性基含有フェノール化合物であることが好ましい。
本発明において、「Rが単結合である。」とは、一般式(I)のRに隣接するXが芳香環に直接単結合で結合することをいう。
本発明の変性共役ジエン系重合体は、極性基として、アミノ基及びカルボキシル基の両方を有することが好ましい。
フェノールオキシダーゼとしては、ラッカーゼが好ましい。ラッカーゼはフェノール類を酸化する能力を持つ酸化酵素である。
共役ジエン系重合体が極性基含有フェノキシ化合物と反応して、本発明の変性共役ジエン系重合体を形成する反応例として、以下の反応式(II)及び反応式(III)を示す。反応式(II)は共役ジエン系重合体の主鎖と反応する場合を示す。変性共役ジエン系重合体(II-a)は、共役ジエン系重合体の主鎖の二重結合に極性基含有フェノキシ化合物が付加した場合を示し、変性共役ジエン系重合体(II-b)は、共役ジエン系重合体の主鎖の二重結合のα位に極性基含有フェノキシ化合物が付加した場合を示す。
反応式(III)は共役ジエン系重合体の側鎖又は側鎖の二重結合のα位と反応する場合を示す。変性共役ジエン系重合体(III-a)及び(III-b)は、共役ジエン系重合体の主鎖の二重結合に極性基含有フェノキシ化合物が付加した場合を示し、変性共役ジエン系重合体(III-c)は、共役ジエン系重合体の主鎖の二重結合のα位に極性基含有フェノキシ化合物が付加した場合を示す。
但し、本発明の変性共役ジエン系重合体を形成する反応は、反応式(II)及び反応式(III)に限定されるものではない。
また、付加量とは、変性共役ジエン系重合体100質量部に結合した極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量(質量部)を意味する。
本発明においては、一般に、天然ゴム及び合成共役ジエン系重合体から選ばれる少なくとも1種の共役ジエン系重合体の、ラテックス、水乳化状物又は水分散物に水及び必要に応じて乳化剤を加えた溶液中に、上記極性基含有フェノキシ化合物を加え、所定の温度で撹拌することで、上記極性基含有フェノキシ化合物を共役ジエン系重合体のラテックス、水乳化状物又は水分散物中の共役ジエン系重合体分子の主鎖及び側鎖の少なくとも一方の二重結合又は二重結合のα位に付加反応させる。これにより、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物のフェノキシ基が、共役ジエン系重合体の末端、主鎖及び側鎖の少なくともいずれかに結合、特に共有結合して、変性共役ジエン系重合体が得られる。なお、共役ジエン系重合体のラテックス、水乳化状物又は水分散物ヘの、上記極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の添加においては、予め共役ジエン系重合体のラテックス、水乳化状物又は水分散物中にフェノールオキシダーゼ(好ましくは、ラッカーゼ)及び所望により乳化剤を加えてもよいし、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物を乳化剤で乳化した後に共役ジエン系重合体のラテックス、水乳化状物又は水分散物に、フェノールオキシダーゼ(好ましくは、ラッカーゼ)と共に加えてもよい。また、必要に応じて、更に有機過酸化物を添加することもできる。なお、共役ジエン系重合体のラテックス、水乳化状物又は水分散物及び/又は極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の乳化に使用できる乳化剤としては、特に限定されず、ポリオキシエチレンラウリルエーテル等のノニオン系の界面活性剤が挙げられる。
また、天然ゴム以外の変性合成共役ジエン系重合体における、合成共役ジエン系重合体への極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の添加量は、合成共役ジエン系重合体100質量部に対して、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物0.01~10質量部を添加することが好ましく、0.05~5質量部を添加することがより好ましく、0.1~3質量部を添加することが更に好ましい。極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の添加量が0.1質量部以上であれば、ゴム組成物の低発熱性及び耐摩耗性を特に好適に改良することができる。また、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の添加量が3質量部以下であれば、共役ジエン系重合体本来の物理特性を大きく変えることはなく、共役ジエン系重合体本来の優れた物理特性を確保すると共に、ゴム組成物の加工性を維持又は向上することが特に好適に可能となる。
カーボンブラックとしては、特に制限はなく、例えば高、中又は低ストラクチャーのSAF、ISAF、IISAF、N339、HAF、FEF、GPF及びSRFグレードからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボンブラック、特にSAF、ISAF、IISAF、N339、HAF、FEFグレードからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種のカーボンブラックを用いるのが好ましい。窒素吸着比表面積(N2SA、JISK 6217-2:2001に準拠して測定する)が30~250m2/gであることが好ましい。
このカーボンブラックは1種を単独で用いてもよく、2種以上を組み合わせて用いてもよい。本発明において、カーボンブラックは無機充填材に含まれない。
dM1・xSiOy・zH2O ・・・(IV)
ここで、一般式(IV)中、M1は、アルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタン、カルシウム、及びジルコニウムからなる群から選ばれる金属、これらの金属の酸化物又は水酸化物、及びそれらの水和物、又はこれらの金属の炭酸塩から選ばれる少なくとも一種であり、d、x、y及びzは、それぞれ1~5の整数、0~10の整数、2~5の整数、及び0~10の整数である。
尚、一般式(IV)において、x、zがともに0である場合には、該無機化合物はアルミニウム、マグネシウム、チタン、カルシウム及びジルコニウムから選ばれる少なくとも1つの金属、金属酸化物又は金属水酸化物となる。
また、前記一般式(IV)中のM1がアルミニウム金属、アルミニウムの酸化物又は水酸化物、及びそれらの水和物、又はアルミニウムの炭酸塩から選ばれる少なくとも一つである場合が好ましく、水酸化アルミニウム[Al(OH)3]が特に好ましい。
本発明における無機充填材は、シリカ単独であっても良いし、シリカと一般式(IV)で表される無機化合物の1種以上とを併用しても良い。
本発明における混練装置として、バンバリーミキサー、噛合い式インターナルミキサー、ロール、インテンシブミキサー、ニーダー、二軸押出機等が用いられる。
なお、付加量、変性度、低発熱性(tanδ指数)及び耐摩耗性(指数)を下記の方法により評価した。
付加量は、変性共役ジエン系重合体100g中の極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量[mmol(ミリモル)]であり、熱分解ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計(GC-MS)により定量した。
2.変性度
変性度は、変性共役ジエン系重合体100g中の極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量[mmol(ミリモル)]であり、熱分解ガスクロマトグラフ質量分析計(GC-MS)により定量した。但し、極性基含有フェノキシ化合物がペプチド由来の一価の基、タンパク質由来の一価の基及びアミノ酸由来の一価の基を含有している場合は、供試サンプルを6N塩酸中に、110℃、24時間浸漬し、含有タンパク質又はペプチドを加水分解反応させ、再沈によって非共有結合のアミノ酸を除去する。それによりポリマーに共有結合しているアミノ酸のみを残して、それを熱分解GC-MSで定量し、この変性共役ジエン系重合体に共有結合しているアミノ酸量を極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量とした。
3.低発熱性(tanδ指数)
上島製作所製スペクトロメーター(動的粘弾性測定試験機)を用い、周波数52Hz、初期歪10%、測定温度60℃、動歪1%で(E”/E’)=tanδを測定し、比較例1の加硫ゴム組成物1でのtanδを100として下記式にて指数表示した。指数値が小さい程、低発熱性であり、ヒステリシスロスが小さいことを示す。
低発熱性指数={(供試加硫ゴム組成物のtanδ)/(比較例1の加硫ゴム組成物1のtanδ)}×100
JIS K6264-2:2005に準拠し、ランボーン型摩耗試験機を用いて、室温でスリップ率25%の条件で試験を行い、摩耗量の逆数を、比較例1の加硫ゴム組成物1又は2の値を100として下記式にて指数表示した。数値が大きいほど、耐摩耗性が良好である。
耐摩耗性指数={(比較例1の加硫ゴム組成物1又は2の摩耗量)/(供試加硫ゴム組成物の摩耗量)}×100
(天然ゴムラテックスの変性反応工程)
天然ゴムのフィールドラテックスに水を添加して、乾燥ゴム濃度30質量%のラテックスを得た。このラテックス2000gを、撹拌機及び温調ジャケットを備えたステンレス製反応容器に投入し、予め10mLの水と90mgの乳化剤[エマルゲン1108,花王株式会社製]をチロシン10.8g(天然ゴム成分100質量部に対して、1.8質量部)及びラッカーゼ(ノボザイムズ製、商品名「NS81268」)0.6gに加えて乳化したものを添加し、撹拌しながら60℃で8時間反応させることにより、変性天然ゴムラテックスを得た。
次に、上記変性天然ゴムラテックスにギ酸を加えpHを4.7に調整し、変性天然ゴムラテックスを凝固させた。このようにして得られた固形物をクレーパーで5回処理し、シュレッダーに通してクラム化した後、熱風式乾燥機により110℃で210分間乾燥して変性天然ゴムである変性共役ジエン系重合体Aを得た。また、得られた変性共役ジエン系重合体Aにおけるチロシンの付加量(天然ゴムに結合した結合量)を分析したところ、変性前の天然ゴムラテックス中のゴム成分100質量部に対して0.24質量部であった。変性度は、1.3mmol(ミリモル)であった。
極性基含有フェノキシ化合物としてチロシン10.8g(1.8質量部)の代わりに、表1に示す極性基含有フェノキシ化合物を表1に示す量添加する以外は、上記製造例1と同様にして変性共役ジエン系重合体B~Hを得た。また、変性共役ジエン系重合体Aと同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体B~Hの付加量及び変性度を分析して、表1に示す結果を得た。
まず、シェレンクフラスコにビニルトリエトキシシランと4-ヒドロキシベンゼンチオールとを等モルで入れ、さらにアゾビスイソブチロニトリル(AIBN)1/100モル量を入れ、撹拌しながら170℃で10時間反応させ、生成物を減圧蒸留(140-143℃、0.1tor以下)し、質量スペクトル解析により、4-[(2-トリエトキシシリル)エチルチオ]フェノールが生成していることを確認した。得られた4-[(2-トリエトキシシリル)エチルチオ]フェノールを極性基含有フェノキシ化合物としてチロシン10.8g(1.8質量部)の代わりに、表1に示す量添加する以外は、上記製造例1と同様にして変性共役ジエン系重合体Iを得た。また、変性共役ジエン系重合体Aと同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体Iの付加量及び変性度を分析して、表1に示す結果を得た。
上記天然ゴムラテックスを、変性反応工程を経ずに、直接、凝固及び乾燥させて無変性共役ジエン系重合体を調製した。
添加量は、未変性の共役ジエン系重合体100質量部に対する極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の添加量(質量部)である。
付加量は、変性共役ジエン系重合体100質量部に結合した極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量(質量部)である。
変性度は、変性共役ジエン系重合体100g中の極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量[mmol(ミリモル)]である。
*1: L-チロシン、東京化成工業株式会社製
*2: チロシンを末端に有するペプチド(10AA)、シグマアルドリッチ社製
*3: チロシンを末端に有するタンパク質、シグマアルドリッチ社製
*4: アミドール、東京化成工業株式会社製
*5: 4-アミノフェノール、東京化成工業株式会社製
*6: 4-(アミノメチル)フェノール、東京化成工業株式会社製
*7: 4-ヒドロキシ安息香酸、東京化成工業株式会社製
*8: 4-ヒドロキシベンジルアルコール、東京化成工業株式会社製
*9: 製造例9で得られた4-[(2-トリエトキシシリル)エチルチオ]フェノール
表2に示す配合内容のゴム組成物1及び2により、密閉混練機であるバンバリーミキサーで混練して実施例1~9及び比較例1の20種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これらの20種類のゴム組成物を145℃、40分の条件で加硫した後、低発熱性(tanδ指数)及び耐摩耗性(指数)を評価した。結果を表3に示す。
*11: 製造例1~12において調製された、変性共役ジエン系重合体A~K及び無変性共役ジエン系重合体
*12: 東海カーボン株式会社製N339、商品名「シーストKH」
*13: 東ソー・シリカ株式会社製湿式沈殿法シリカ、商品名「Nipsil AQ」
*14: ビス(3-トリエトシキシリルプロピル)ジスルフィド(平均硫黄鎖長:2.35)、Evonik社製シランカップリング剤、商品名「Si75」(登録商標
*15: 三共油化工業株式会社製プロセスオイル、商品名「A/Oミックス」
*16: N-(1,3-ジメチルブチル)-N’-フェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、大内新興化学工業株式会社製、商品名「ノクラック6C」
*17: N,N-ジシクロヘキシル-2-ベンゾチアゾリルスルフェンアミド、大内新興化学工業株式会社製、商品名「ノクセラー DZ」
*18: 1,3-ジフェニルグアニジン、三新化学工業株式会社製、商品名「サンセラーD」
*19: ジ-2-ベンゾチアゾリルジスルフィド、三新化学工業株式会社製、商品名「サンセラーDM」
*20: N-tert-ブチル-2-ベンゾチアゾリルスルフェンアミド、三新化学工業株式会社製、商品名「サンセラーNS」
(スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴムの変性反応工程)
スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム(SBR、JSR社製、商品名「#1500」)100質量部を1mm角に細断し、チロシン1.8質量部と共に100質量部の酢酸バッファー(20mM、pH4.7)に添加し、ラッカーゼ(Novozymes A/S社製、商品名「NS81268」、酵素活性:1000(Unit/g),酸化還元電位:480mV)をスチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴム100質量部に対して100(Unit/g×phr)の添加ユニット量で添加したものを、1時間攪拌した。次いで、温風式乾燥機を用いて、130℃の温度条件で10分間乾燥させて、変性共役ジエン系重合体J(変性スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴムJ)を得た。ここで、phrは、質量部と同義である。
(スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴムの変性反応工程)
ラッカーゼを添加しなかった以外は製造例11と同様にして、変性共役ジエン系重合体K(スチレン-ブタジエン共重合体ゴムK)を得た。
製造例11及び12のチロシン付加量及び変性度を表4に示す。
表2に示す配合内容のゴム組成物1及び2により、密閉混練機であるバンバリーミキサーで混練して実施例10及び比較例2の2種類のゴム組成物を調製した。これらの2種類のゴム組成物を145℃、40分の条件で加硫した後、低発熱性(tanδ指数)及び耐摩耗性(指数)を評価した。結果を表5に示す。
Claims (7)
- 極性基含有フェノキシ化合物のフェノキシ基が、共役ジエン系重合体の末端、主鎖及び側鎖の少なくともいずれかに結合してなる変性共役ジエン系重合体。
- 前記極性基が、アミノ基、イミノ基、ニトリル基、アンモニウム基、イミド基、アミド基、ヒドラゾ基、アゾ基、ジアゾ基、スルフィド基、ジスルフィド基、スルホニル基、スルフィニル基、チオカルボニル基、ヒドロキシル基、カルボキシル基、カルボニル基、エポキシ基、オキシカルボニル基、含窒素複素環基、含酸素複素環基、スズ含有基及びアルコキシシリル基からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1に記載の変性共役ジエン系重合体。
- 前記極性基として、アミノ基及びカルボキシル基の両方を有する請求項2に記載の変性共役ジエン系重合体。
- 前記極性基含有フェノキシ化合物が、チロシン、チロシンを有するペプチド及びチロシンを有するタンパク質からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の変性共役ジエン系重合体。
- 前記変性共役ジエン系重合体100g中の前記極性基含有フェノキシ化合物の結合量が、0.005~55mmolであることを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の変性共役ジエン系重合体。
- 前記共役ジエン系重合体が天然ゴムであることを特徴とする請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の変性共役ジエン系重合体。
- 請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の変性共役ジエン系重合体を含むことを特徴とするゴム組成物。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680008481.8A CN107207629B (zh) | 2015-02-06 | 2016-01-21 | 改性共轭二烯系聚合物和含有其的橡胶组合物 |
| US15/547,828 US10640579B2 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2016-01-21 | Modified conjugated diene-based polymer and rubber composition containing same |
| EP16746427.0A EP3255065B1 (en) | 2015-02-06 | 2016-01-21 | Modified conjugated diene-based polymer and rubber composition containing same |
| JP2016573274A JPWO2016125596A1 (ja) | 2015-02-06 | 2016-01-21 | 変性共役ジエン系重合体及びそれを含むゴム組成物 |
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| US (1) | US10640579B2 (ja) |
| EP (1) | EP3255065B1 (ja) |
| JP (1) | JPWO2016125596A1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107207629B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016125596A1 (ja) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| JP2017095663A (ja) * | 2015-11-27 | 2017-06-01 | 株式会社ブリヂストン | 天然ゴム、天然ゴムの製造方法、ゴム組成物及びタイヤ |
| JP2023008398A (ja) * | 2021-07-06 | 2023-01-19 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 変性天然ゴム、変性天然ゴムの製造方法、及び、ゴム組成物 |
| US12421338B2 (en) | 2020-08-05 | 2025-09-23 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Modified conjugated diene-based polymer, method for preparing the same and rubber composition comprising the same |
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- 2016-01-21 US US15/547,828 patent/US10640579B2/en active Active
- 2016-01-21 CN CN201680008481.8A patent/CN107207629B/zh active Active
- 2016-01-21 EP EP16746427.0A patent/EP3255065B1/en active Active
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| US12421338B2 (en) | 2020-08-05 | 2025-09-23 | Lg Chem, Ltd. | Modified conjugated diene-based polymer, method for preparing the same and rubber composition comprising the same |
| JP2023008398A (ja) * | 2021-07-06 | 2023-01-19 | 横浜ゴム株式会社 | 変性天然ゴム、変性天然ゴムの製造方法、及び、ゴム組成物 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20180016361A1 (en) | 2018-01-18 |
| CN107207629A (zh) | 2017-09-26 |
| EP3255065A4 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
| EP3255065B1 (en) | 2018-12-26 |
| EP3255065A1 (en) | 2017-12-13 |
| US10640579B2 (en) | 2020-05-05 |
| JPWO2016125596A1 (ja) | 2017-11-16 |
| CN107207629B (zh) | 2020-06-05 |
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