WO2016111341A1 - 光学フィルムおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに光学フィルムの製造方法 - Google Patents
光学フィルムおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに光学フィルムの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2016111341A1 WO2016111341A1 PCT/JP2016/050426 JP2016050426W WO2016111341A1 WO 2016111341 A1 WO2016111341 A1 WO 2016111341A1 JP 2016050426 W JP2016050426 W JP 2016050426W WO 2016111341 A1 WO2016111341 A1 WO 2016111341A1
- Authority
- WO
- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- liquid crystal
- layer
- film
- light
- optical film
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Ceased
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/08—Mirrors
- G02B5/0816—Multilayer mirrors, i.e. having two or more reflecting layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/06—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the heating method
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/10—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by the pressing technique, e.g. using action of vacuum or fluid pressure
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3016—Polarising elements involving passive liquid crystal elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3025—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state
- G02B5/3033—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid
- G02B5/3041—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks
- G02B5/305—Polarisers, i.e. arrangements capable of producing a definite output polarisation state from an unpolarised input state in the form of a thin sheet or foil, e.g. Polaroid comprising multiple thin layers, e.g. multilayer stacks including organic materials, e.g. polymeric layers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133536—Reflective polarizers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133553—Reflecting elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133632—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with refractive index ellipsoid inclined relative to the LC-layer surface
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133636—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation with twisted orientation, e.g. comprising helically oriented LC-molecules or a plurality of twisted birefringent sublayers
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2305/00—Condition, form or state of the layers or laminate
- B32B2305/72—Cured, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/42—Polarizing, birefringent, filtering
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2457/00—Electrical equipment
- B32B2457/20—Displays, e.g. liquid crystal displays, plasma displays
- B32B2457/202—LCD, i.e. liquid crystal displays
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B37/00—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding
- B32B37/12—Methods or apparatus for laminating, e.g. by curing or by ultrasonic bonding characterised by using adhesives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/30—Polarising elements
- G02B5/3083—Birefringent or phase retarding elements
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/133528—Polarisers
- G02F1/133541—Circular polarisers
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13356—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements
- G02F1/133567—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors characterised by the placement of the optical elements on the back side
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/13—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on liquid crystals, e.g. single liquid crystal display cells
- G02F1/133—Constructional arrangements; Operation of liquid crystal cells; Circuit arrangements
- G02F1/1333—Constructional arrangements; Manufacturing methods
- G02F1/1335—Structural association of cells with optical devices, e.g. polarisers or reflectors
- G02F1/13363—Birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation
- G02F1/133638—Waveplates, i.e. plates with a retardation value of lambda/n
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2202/00—Materials and properties
- G02F2202/02—Materials and properties organic material
- G02F2202/022—Materials and properties organic material polymeric
- G02F2202/023—Materials and properties organic material polymeric curable
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/01—Number of plates being 1
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F2413/00—Indexing scheme related to G02F1/13363, i.e. to birefringent elements, e.g. for optical compensation, characterised by the number, position, orientation or value of the compensation plates
- G02F2413/05—Single plate on one side of the LC cell
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an optical film and a liquid crystal display device. More specifically, the present invention relates to an optical film and a liquid crystal display device including a light reflecting layer composed of a layer in which the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is fixed. The present invention also relates to a method for producing an optical film.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is a liquid crystal phase in which nematically aligned liquid crystal molecules form a helical structure. Since the cholesteric liquid crystal phase exhibits circular polarization reflectivity at a wavelength corresponding to the helical pitch, a layer in which the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed is used as a light reflecting layer in various fields.
- a reflective polarizing element including a layer in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed between a backlight and a backlight-side polarizing plate (for example, Patent Document 1). ).
- a reflective polarizing element polarized light that does not transmit through the backlight-side polarizing plate can be reflected and recycled to improve the light utilization rate of the liquid crystal display device.
- JP-A-1-133003 Japanese Patent No. 3518660 JP 2000-310780 A
- Patent Document 2 a method in which the spiral pitch of the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is set to a short pitch on the light incident side, and a compensation layer having a refractive index larger in the vertical direction than the in-plane refractive index is provided and viewed from an oblique direction. It has been proposed to eliminate the color change at the time. However, in addition to Patent Document 2, any of the conventional techniques tries to eliminate the color change by using another layer, and causes the color change of the layer itself formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase. The factor was not essentially eliminated.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is a liquid crystal phase in which a layer formed of one molecule of nematically aligned liquid crystal molecules is twisted little by little to form a spiral structure. Normally, the liquid crystal molecules are parallel to the substrate on which the liquid crystal layer is formed. Oriented. In the process of examining various cholesteric liquid crystal phases, the present inventors fixed a liquid crystal phase in which a liquid crystal molecule is tilted from a parallel direction of a substrate on which a liquid crystal layer is formed, although a spiral structure is formed. Successfully formed a layer.
- a liquid crystal phase in which tilted liquid crystal molecules form a helical structure is known as a chiral smectic C phase (SmC *), but reports on a fixed layer are limited (for example, Patent Document 3). .
- the present inventors have further studied variously, and found that the absolute value of the oblique retardation of the formed layer is remarkably reduced when the inclination of the liquid crystal molecules is a predetermined angle, and further studies are made based on this finding. Over time, the present invention was completed.
- the present invention provides the following [1] to [18].
- An optical film including a light reflecting layer The light reflecting layer is a layer in which the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is fixed, The liquid crystal molecules form a spiral structure in the thickness direction of the light reflecting layer, An optical film in which the liquid crystal molecules have a tilt angle of 15 to 55 degrees.
- the optical film according to any one of [1] to [4], wherein the light reflecting layer is a layer obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal composition containing a liquid crystal compound and a chiral agent.
- the light reflecting layer includes a light reflecting layer that reflects blue light, a light reflecting layer that reflects green light, and a light reflecting layer that reflects red light.
- the optical film as described.
- the light reflecting layer is a layer in which a chiral smectic C phase is fixed.
- a liquid crystal display device comprising the optical film according to any one of [1] to [10].
- [12] A method for producing an optical film according to any one of [1] to [10], The manufacturing method including forming the said light reflection layer by the method including hardening the polymeric liquid crystal composition containing the liquid crystal compound pinched
- an optical film having a smaller absolute value of oblique retardation can be provided as an optical film including a light reflecting layer composed of a layer in which the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is fixed.
- FIG. 1 It is a figure which shows the example of a layer structure of the optical film of this invention used as a brightness enhancement film. It is one aspect
- a numerical range represented by using “to” means a range including numerical values described before and after “to” as a lower limit value and an upper limit value.
- the “half width” of a peak means the width of the peak at a peak height of 1/2.
- the reflection center wavelength and half width of the light reflection layer can be obtained as follows. When the transmission spectrum of the light reflection layer is measured using a spectrophotometer UV3150 (Shimadzu Corporation), a peak of decrease in transmittance is observed in the selective reflection region.
- the wavelength value on the short wave side is ⁇ 1 (nm) and the wavelength value on the long wave side is ⁇ 2 (nm).
- Re ( ⁇ ) and Rth ( ⁇ ) represent in-plane retardation and retardation in the thickness direction at wavelength ⁇ , respectively.
- the unit is nm.
- Re ( ⁇ ) is measured with KOBRA 21ADH or WR (manufactured by Oji Scientific Instruments) by allowing light of wavelength ⁇ nm to be incident in the normal direction of the film.
- the wavelength selection filter can be exchanged manually, or the measurement value can be converted by a program or the like.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is Re ( ⁇ ) with the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotation axis) (in the absence of a slow axis, in-plane with the film) Measure the light at a wavelength of ⁇ nm from each tilted direction in steps of 10 degrees from the normal direction to 50 ° on one side with respect to the film normal direction.
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR is calculated based on the measured retardation value, the assumed value of the average refractive index, and the input film thickness value.
- Re ( ⁇ ) represents a retardation value in a direction inclined by an angle ⁇ from the normal direction.
- nx represents the refractive index in the slow axis direction in the plane
- ny represents the refractive index in the direction orthogonal to nx in the plane
- nz is the direction orthogonal to nx and ny.
- d is the film thickness.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is calculated by the following method.
- Rth ( ⁇ ) is ⁇ 50 ° with respect to the normal direction of the film, using Re ( ⁇ ) described above as the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotary axis).
- Re ( ⁇ ) described above as the in-plane slow axis (determined by KOBRA 21ADH or WR) as the tilt axis (rotary axis).
- 11 points of light having a wavelength of ⁇ nm are incident in 10 ° steps from 1 ° to + 50 °, and the measured retardation value, average refractive index assumption and input film thickness value are used as the basis.
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR Calculated by KOBRA 21ADH or WR.
- the values in the polymer handbook (John Wiley & Sons, Inc.) and catalogs of various optical films can be used. If the average refractive index is not known, it can be measured with an Abbe refractometer.
- the average refractive index values of main optical films are exemplified below: cellulose acylate (1.48), cycloolefin polymer (1.52), polycarbonate (1.59), polymethyl methacrylate (1.49), Polystyrene (1.59).
- KOBRA 21ADH or WR calculates nx, ny, and nz.
- Nz (nx ⁇ nz) / (nx ⁇ ny) is further calculated from the calculated nx, ny, and nz.
- a method for obtaining Rth of a layer in which the alignment of liquid crystal molecules is fixed a method using a polarization ellipso can be applied.
- a method using a polarization ellipso can be applied.
- the twist angle is an angle of how much the cholesteric liquid crystal layer is twisted from the upper surface to the lower surface. For example, when twisted by one rotation, the twist angle is 360 degrees.
- cholesteric liquid crystal layer can be obtained by using a polarimeter (spectropolarimeter: for example, AxoScan of Axometrics) instead of the ellipsometry method, and the Rth value can be obtained therefrom.
- a polarimeter for example, AxoScan of Axometrics
- In-plane retardation (front retardation) and oblique retardation can also be measured using a polarimeter AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics.
- oblique retardation is a measured value of retardation at a polar angle of 60 °, that is, an angle inclined from the normal direction of the film surface is 60 °.
- the sign of oblique retardation is the sign of retardation when the slow axis is regarded as the direction parallel to the film surface.
- the sign of the oblique retardation is positive and the slow axis can be considered to be in the direction perpendicular to the film surface.
- the Cth plate of Rth ⁇ 0 has a negative sign of oblique retardation.
- visible light means light having a wavelength of 380 nm to 780 nm.
- a measurement wavelength is 550 nm.
- blue light is light having a wavelength of 380 to 499 nm
- green light is light having a wavelength of 500 to 599 nm
- red light is light having a wavelength of 600 to 780 nm.
- Infrared light is light of 780 to 850 nm.
- the angle for example, an angle such as “90 °”
- the relationship for example, “orthogonal”, “parallel”, “crossing at 45 °”, etc.
- the range of allowable error is included.
- the angle is within the range of strict angle ⁇ 10 °, and the error from the strict angle is preferably 5 ° or less, and more preferably 3 ° or less.
- nematic alignment refers to an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned one-dimensionally in a certain direction.
- smectic alignment refers to an alignment state of liquid crystal molecules in which liquid crystal molecules are aligned in a certain direction and have a layered structure. This layered structure can be detected by X-ray diffraction.
- tilt angle means an angle formed by the director direction of liquid crystal molecules with a layer plane (specifically, an optical film plane), and the direction of the maximum refractive index in the refractive index ellipsoid of the liquid crystal compound. This means the maximum angle among the angles formed by the layer plane.
- the tilt angle means an angle formed by the major axis direction of the rod-like liquid crystal compound, that is, the director direction and the layer plane.
- the term “liquid crystal molecule” means a molecule of a liquid crystal compound in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition.
- the liquid crystal compound is a polymerizable liquid crystal compound and is polymerized by polymerization, the polymerizable liquid crystal compound described above is used. This means a partial structure corresponding to a mesogen of (a rigid main chain portion exhibiting liquid crystallinity).
- the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules can be determined from the ellipsometric measurement of the film. For example, it is obtained by measuring the angle dependency of retardation with a polarimeter (spectropolarimeter: for example, AxoScan of Axometrics) and fitting with optical parameters such as a tilt angle. Similarly, it can be determined using an ellipsometer. For details of the principle of the measurement method, see Jpn. J. et al. Appl. Phys. 48 (2009) 03B021. The error range of the tilt angle is ⁇ 5 degrees.
- a layer obtained by curing a polymerizable liquid crystal composition and having a fixed alignment of liquid crystal molecules may be referred to as a “liquid crystal layer” or a “liquid crystal film”.
- a layer containing liquid crystal molecules to be driven, in which the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is not fixed, is referred to as a “driving liquid crystal layer” for distinction from the above.
- the “absorption axis” and “transmission axis” of a polarizer or a polarizing plate mean directions that form an angle of 90 ° with each other.
- the “slow axis” of a retardation film or the like means a direction in which the refractive index is maximized.
- numerical values, numerical ranges, and qualitative expressions for example, “equivalent”, “equal”, etc.) indicating optical characteristics of each member such as a retardation region, a retardation film, and a liquid crystal layer are used.
- front means a direction normal to the image display surface of the liquid crystal display device.
- a reflective polarizer and a polarizer are used separately.
- the optical film is a film having an optical function such as a light reflecting film.
- the optical film of the present invention includes a light reflecting layer containing liquid crystal molecules.
- the optical film of the present invention may include one light reflecting layer or two, three, or four or more layers.
- the optical film may further include other layers such as a support and an alignment film, and may include other optical functional layers depending on the application.
- an optical film further including a ⁇ / 4 plate can be used as a brightness enhancement film.
- the light reflecting layer of the optical film of the present invention is a layer in which the orientation of liquid crystal molecules is fixed, that is, a layer obtained by fixing the orientation of liquid crystal molecules.
- the liquid crystal molecules form a helical structure in the film thickness direction of the light reflecting layer.
- that the spiral structure is formed in the film thickness direction of the light reflecting layer means that the spiral axis of the spiral structure is the normal direction of the light reflecting layer.
- the liquid crystal molecules have a tilt angle of 15 degrees to 55 degrees.
- the light reflecting layer of the optical film of the present invention is a layer formed by fixing a structure in which the liquid crystal molecules in the cholesteric liquid crystal phase have a tilt angle of 15 to 55 degrees (the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is tilted). Any layer may be used as long as the phase is fixed.
- the light reflecting layer of the optical film of the present invention may be a layer in which liquid crystal molecules formed with a chiral smectic C phase at a tilt angle of 15 to 55 degrees are fixed.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is well known as a liquid crystal structure in which liquid crystal molecules form a spiral structure and exhibits circularly polarized light selective reflectivity.
- those conventional techniques can be referred to.
- Many films formed from a composition containing a polymerizable liquid crystal compound have been known as a film containing a layer in which a cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed, and the light reflection layers of the optical film of the present invention are those of the prior art. Can also be referred to.
- the smectic C phase means a liquid crystal phase in which liquid crystal molecules are arranged with a slight inclination from the normal of the layered layer formed by the smectic phase, and the chiral smectic C phase has a helical structure in the smectic C phase, in the director direction. This means that a plurality of groups of aligned liquid crystal molecules are formed by changing the director direction little by little to form a layered structure, and a structure in which the molecular arrangement is rotated as a whole.
- the chiral smectic C phase is similar to the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, and has a circularly polarized light selective reflection characteristic having a reflection center wavelength ⁇ based on the helical period like the cholesteric liquid crystal phase.
- the absolute value of the oblique retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm of the light reflection layer is preferably 0 to 100 nm, more preferably 0 to 50 nm, and further preferably 0 to 40 nm.
- the liquid crystal molecules have a tilt angle in the range of 15 to 55 degrees. Even when the optical film of the present invention includes two or more light reflecting layers, the liquid crystal molecules in each light reflecting layer may have a tilt angle in the range of 15 to 55 degrees.
- the present inventors have found that when a layer is formed in such an orientation that liquid crystal molecules are twisted at this tilt angle, a light reflecting layer having a smaller absolute value of oblique retardation is obtained.
- the tilt angle is preferably in the range of 25 to 45 degrees, more preferably 30 to 40 degrees, and most preferably 35 degrees.
- the tilt angles of the respective layers are preferably within a range of plus or minus 5 degrees. This angle can be obtained, for example, by measuring the tilt angle for each light reflecting layer.
- the absolute value of the oblique retardation takes a small value regardless of the wavelength with the above preferable tilt angle, the absolute value of the oblique retardation is changed even if the order of stacking the blue, green, and red of the light reflecting layer is changed. Smaller optical films can be obtained. Even in the case of a pitch gradient layer in which the twist pitch varies in the thickness direction, an optical film having a smaller absolute value of oblique retardation can be obtained as long as the tilt angle is within the above range.
- a conventionally known cholesteric liquid crystal phase has a tilt angle of 0 degree. Further, a conventionally known chiral smectic C phase generally has a tilt angle larger than 55 degrees. Therefore, the structure formed by the liquid crystal molecules in the light reflecting layer of the optical film of the present invention is not known as far as the inventor knows with a conventionally known structure.
- the liquid crystal molecule tilt angle director angle
- the liquid crystal molecule tilt angle takes a layered state with respect to the helical axis (tilt cholesteric or oblique helicoidal cholesteric, RB Meyer, Appl. Phys. Lett. (1968), 12, 281., V. Borshch, et al, Nat. Commun. (2013), 4, 2635.).
- the structure in which the orientation is fixed at the above-mentioned desired tilt angle is not known as far as the inventors know in the known structure.
- the light reflecting layer of the optical film of the present invention exhibits selective reflection having a reflection center wavelength ⁇ corresponding to the helical period of the helical structure.
- the light reflection layer formed by fixing the liquid crystal molecules having a helical structure selectively reflects either the right circularly polarized light or the left circularly polarized light and transmits the other circularly polarized light in the wavelength region exhibiting selective reflection.
- the reflection of the light reflection layer is right circular polarization or left circular polarization (circular polarization sense) depends on the twist direction of the spiral.
- the right circularly polarized light reflecting layer and the left circularly polarized light reflecting layer light reflecting layers whose spiral twist directions are right and left may be used, respectively.
- the sense of circular polarization is right circular polarization when the tip of the electric field vector rotates clockwise as time increases when viewing the light as it travels toward you, and when it rotates counterclockwise Is defined as left circularly polarized light.
- the spiral direction of the spiral structure is defined similarly.
- the light reflecting layer can be produced using a polymerizable liquid crystal composition as a material. After applying the polymerizable liquid crystal composition to the surface of a substrate or the like, the liquid crystal molecules in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition are aligned by drying or heating, and the aligned liquid crystal molecules are fixed by a curing reaction to produce a light reflecting layer. be able to.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition contains a liquid crystal compound, and the polymerizable liquid crystal composition for forming the light reflecting layer may contain other components such as a chiral agent, a polymerization initiator, and an alignment aid.
- a chiral agent such as a chiral agent
- a polymerization initiator such as a polymerization initiator
- an alignment aid such as a polymerization initiator
- each component in the polymerizable liquid crystal composition will be described.
- the preparation of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is described in JP 2013-203827 A (described in [0016]-[0148]) and Fuji Film Research Report No. 50 (2005) pp. Reference can be made to 60-63.
- liquid crystal compound examples include a rod-like liquid crystal compound and a disk-like liquid crystal compound.
- the rod-like liquid crystal compound include azomethines, azoxys, cyanobiphenyls, cyanophenyl esters, benzoic acid esters, cyclohexanecarboxylic acid phenyl esters, cyanophenylcyclohexanes, cyano-substituted phenylpyrimidines, alkoxy-substituted phenylpyrimidines, Phenyldioxanes, tolanes and alkenylcyclohexylbenzonitriles are preferably used.
- high-molecular liquid crystalline molecules can also be used.
- discotic liquid crystal compound for example, those described in JP-A-2007-108732 and JP-A-2010-244038 can be preferably used, but are not limited thereto. Although the preferable example of a disk shaped liquid crystal compound is shown below, this invention is not limited to these.
- a chiral agent is a compound for adjusting the helical cycle and is also called a chiral agent.
- various known chiral agents for example, liquid crystal device handbook, chapter 3-4-3, TN, chiral agent for STN, 199 pages, edited by Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, 42nd Committee, 1989) ) Can be used.
- a chiral agent generally contains an asymmetric carbon atom, but an axially asymmetric compound or a planar asymmetric compound containing no asymmetric carbon atom can also be used as the chiral agent.
- Examples of the axial asymmetric compound or the planar asymmetric compound include binaphthyl, helicene, paracyclophane, and derivatives thereof.
- the chiral agent may have a polymerizable group.
- the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound used in combination also has a polymerizable group, it is derived from the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound by a polymerization reaction between the chiral agent having a polymerizable group and the polymerizable rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.
- a polymer having a repeating unit derived from a chiral agent is derived from the rod-shaped liquid crystal compound.
- the polymerizable group possessed by the chiral agent having a polymerizable group is preferably the same group as the polymerizable group possessed by the polymerizable rod-like liquid crystal compound. Therefore, the polymerizable group of the chiral agent is also preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, an epoxy group or an aziridinyl group, more preferably an unsaturated polymerizable group, and an ethylenically unsaturated polymerizable group. Particularly preferred.
- the above chiral agent may be a liquid crystal compound.
- the chiral agent exhibiting a strong twisting force include, for example, JP 2010-181852 A, JP 2003-287623 A, JP 2002-80851 A, JP 2002-80478 A, and JP 2002-302487 A.
- the chiral agent etc. which are described in gazette are mentioned, It can use preferably for this invention.
- isosorbide compounds having a corresponding structure can be used for the isosorbide compounds described in these publications, and isosorbide compounds having a corresponding structure can be used for the isomannide compounds described in these publications. It can also be used.
- polymerization initiator examples include ⁇ -carbonyl compounds (described in US Pat. Nos. 2,367,661 and 2,367,670), acyloin ether (described in US Pat. No. 2,448,828), ⁇ -hydrocarbon substituted aromatics.
- An acyloin compound (described in US Pat. No. 2,722,512), a polynuclear quinone compound (described in US Pat. Nos. 3,046,127 and 2,951,758), a combination of a triarylimidazole dimer and p-aminophenyl ketone (US Pat.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition may contain a solvent.
- a solvent of the composition for forming each light reflection layer an organic solvent is preferably used.
- organic solvents include amides (eg N, N-dimethylformamide), sulfoxides (eg dimethyl sulfoxide), heterocyclic compounds (eg pyridine), hydrocarbons (eg benzene, hexane), alkyl halides (eg , Chloroform, dichloromethane), esters (eg, methyl acetate, butyl acetate), ketones (eg, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, cyclohexanone), ethers (eg, tetrahydrofuran, 1,2-dimethoxyethane). Alkyl halides and ketones are preferred. Two or more organic solvents may be used in combination.
- the application of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is carried out by using a suitable liquid crystal composition such as a roll coating method, a gravure printing method, a spin coating method, etc. It can be performed by a method of developing by a method. Furthermore, it can be performed by various methods such as a wire bar coating method, an extrusion coating method, a direct gravure coating method, a reverse gravure coating method, and a die coating method.
- a coating film can be formed by discharging a polymerizable liquid crystal composition from a nozzle using an ink jet apparatus.
- the application of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition may be performed on the support.
- the application of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is preferably performed on the surface of the alignment film on the support.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition may be sandwiched between a support and another support.
- the applied polymerizable liquid crystal composition is sandwiched between other supports.
- the other support may be the same as or different from the support on which the application has been performed.
- Another support also has an alignment film, and is preferably sandwiched so that the alignment film is in contact with the polymerizable liquid crystal composition. Through such a process, the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules can be adjusted.
- the film thickness of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is 0.1 ⁇ m to 1000 ⁇ m.
- a liquid crystal layer for one pitch may be prepared by sandwiching the film thickness of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition in the range of 0.1 ⁇ m to 5 ⁇ m, and performing orientation and curing. By reducing the film thickness, fine adjustment of the tilt angle may be facilitated. Thereafter, the liquid crystal layer for one pitch may be formed by laminating 2 to 20 layers, preferably 3 to 12 layers, more preferably 5 to 10 layers, which are similarly produced, to form one light reflecting layer.
- the light reflecting layer is a layer in which a phase obtained by tilting a cholesteric liquid crystal phase is fixed
- the liquid crystal layer is formed on the surface of a rubbing-treated alignment film or the like, it is preferable that the liquid crystal layer is stacked with the direction corresponding to the rubbing direction aligned.
- Lamination may use the adhesive described below, or may be brought into contact with each other as they are and bonded by thermocompression bonding.
- the liquid crystal molecules When sandwiched between the supports, it may or may not be heated.
- the liquid crystal molecules may be aligned while being sandwiched between the supports.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is prepared as a coating liquid containing a solvent
- the liquid crystal molecules having a tilt angle of 15 to 55 degrees are formed in a spiral structure by drying the coating film and removing the solvent. May be formed.
- the cholesteric liquid crystal phase or the chiral smectic C phase can be stably formed by heating to the temperature of the isotropic phase and then cooling to the transition temperature to the cholesteric liquid crystal phase or the chiral smectic C phase. it can.
- the liquid crystal phase transition temperature of the aforementioned polymerizable liquid crystal composition is preferably in the range of 10 to 250 ° C., more preferably in the range of 10 to 150 ° C., from the viewpoint of production suitability and the like.
- a cooling step or the like for lowering the temperature to a temperature range exhibiting a liquid crystal phase is not necessary.
- the temperature is 200 ° C. or lower, there is no need for a high temperature to make the isotropic liquid state higher than the temperature range once exhibiting the liquid crystal phase, thereby preventing waste of heat energy, deformation of the support, alteration, and the like. be able to.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is cured to fix the alignment state of the molecules of the liquid crystal compound.
- Curing is preferably carried out by a polymerization reaction of a polymerizable group introduced into a liquid crystal molecule.
- the polymerization reaction includes a thermal polymerization reaction using a thermal polymerization initiator and a photopolymerization reaction using a photopolymerization initiator.
- a photopolymerization reaction is preferred.
- the irradiation energy is preferably 20 mJ / cm 2 to 50 J / cm 2 , and more preferably 100 to 800 mJ / cm 2 .
- light irradiation may be performed under heating conditions.
- ultraviolet irradiation may be performed under heating conditions.
- the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is related to the degree of polymerization, if the desired degree of polymerization is not reached in the air and the film strength is insufficient, the oxygen concentration in the atmosphere is reduced by a method such as nitrogen substitution. It is preferable.
- a preferable oxygen concentration is preferably 10% or less, more preferably 7% or less, and most preferably 3% or less.
- the reaction rate of the curing reaction (for example, polymerization reaction) that proceeds by irradiation with ultraviolet rays is 70% or more from the viewpoint of maintaining the mechanical strength of the layer and suppressing unreacted substances from flowing out of the layer. Preferably, it is 80% or more, more preferably 90% or more.
- a method of increasing the irradiation amount of ultraviolet rays to be irradiated and polymerization under a nitrogen atmosphere or heating conditions are effective.
- polymerization temperature, and pushing a reaction further by thermal polymerization reaction, and the method of irradiating an ultraviolet-ray again can also be used.
- the reaction rate can be measured by comparing the absorption intensity of the infrared vibration spectrum of a reactive group (for example, a polymerizable group) before and after the reaction proceeds.
- a voltage may be applied to the polymerizable liquid crystal composition during or before curing.
- a voltage By applying a voltage after the liquid crystal molecules are aligned in the cholesteric liquid crystal phase, it is possible to obtain a phase in which the liquid crystal molecules are tilted and the cholesteric liquid crystal phase is tilted.
- the voltage application method refer to the above-mentioned documents (RB Meyer, Appl. Phys. Lett. (1968), 12, 281, V. Borshch, et al, Nat. Commun. (2013), 4, 2635). be able to. Further, the cured liquid crystal film may be stretched.
- the optical property based on the orientation of the liquid crystal compound molecules of the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is sufficient if it is retained in the layer, and the cured ⁇ / 4 plate or light
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition of the reflective layer no longer needs to exhibit liquid crystallinity.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition may have a high molecular weight due to a curing reaction and may no longer have liquid crystallinity.
- the above-described curing fixes the orientation of the liquid crystal molecules and forms the light reflecting layer.
- the spiral structure formed by the liquid crystal molecules may be fixed.
- the state in which the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules is fixed is the most typical and preferred mode in which the alignment of the liquid crystal molecules forming the helical structure is maintained.
- the present invention is not limited to this, and specifically, in a temperature range of 0 ° C. to 50 ° C., and in a temperature range of ⁇ 30 ° C. to 70 ° C.
- the layer including liquid crystal molecules has no fluidity, Moreover, it shall mean the state which can maintain the fixed orientation form stably, without producing a change in an orientation form by an external field or external force.
- a liquid crystal layer of one pitch composed of fixed liquid crystal molecules may be laminated.
- the optical film may include a support.
- the support can function as a layer that supports a layer formed from the polymerizable composition.
- the optical film may not include a support for forming the light reflecting layer.
- the light reflecting layer is formed using glass or a transparent film as a support for forming the light reflecting layer. Thereafter, only the light reflecting layer may be peeled off from the support during film formation.
- the support that is peeled off from the light reflecting layer in this way may be referred to as a temporary support.
- the second support used for sandwiching the polymerizable liquid crystal composition may also be a temporary support.
- the Re of the support is preferably 0 to 50 nm, more preferably 0 to 30 nm when the support does not have a function as a part or all of the ⁇ / 4 plate as described later. Preferably, it is 0 to 10 nm. The above range is preferable because light leakage of reflected light can be reduced to a level where it is not visually recognized.
- the retardation (Rth) in the thickness direction of the support is preferably ⁇ 20 to 20 nm, more preferably ⁇ 10 to 10 nm.
- polymer film materials used as the support include cellulose acylate films (for example, cellulose triacetate film (refractive index 1.48), cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, cellulose acetate propionate film).
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyester resin films such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, polyethersulfone films, polyacrylic resin films such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane resin films, polyester films, polycarbonate films, polysulfone films , Polyether film, polymethylpentene film, polyetherketone film, (meth)
- examples thereof include acrylonitrile film, polyolefin, and polymer having an alicyclic structure (norbornene resin (Arton: trade name, manufactured by JSR Corporation, amorphous polyolefin (ZEONEX: trade name, manufactured by ZEON Corporation)), and the like.
- triacetyl cellulose polyethylene
- the thickness of the transparent support may be about 5 ⁇ m to 150 ⁇ m, preferably 5 ⁇ m to 80 ⁇ m, and more preferably 20 ⁇ m to 60 ⁇ m.
- the transparent support may be composed of a plurality of laminated layers. A thinner one is preferable for suppressing external light reflection, but if it is thinner than 5 ⁇ m, the strength of the film tends to be low, which tends to be undesirable.
- surface treatment eg, glow discharge treatment, corona discharge treatment, ultraviolet light (UV) Treatment, flame treatment.
- An adhesive layer undercoat layer may be provided on the transparent support.
- the average particle diameter of the transparent support or the long transparent support is 10 to 100 nm in order to provide slippage in the transport process or to prevent the back surface and the surface from sticking after winding. It is preferable to use a polymer layer in which 5% to 40% of a solid content of inorganic particles is mixed and formed on one side of the support by coating or co-casting with the support.
- the support is a temporary support
- a glass plate may be used, for example, Corning glass 7059 may be used.
- the temporary support any of the plastic films exemplified as the support can be used, but it is preferable that the light reflecting layer can be peeled off and transferred.
- the optical film is a brightness enhancement film
- the ⁇ / 4 plate may function as a support.
- the optical film of the present invention may contain an alignment layer. It is preferable that an alignment layer is provided on the surface of the support used in the formation of the chiral smectic C phase.
- the support may be a temporary support that is peeled off after the formation of the light reflecting layer or after the formation of the liquid crystal layer for one pitch. At this time, the alignment film may or may not be peeled off together with the temporary support.
- an alignment film that gives a high tilt angle to liquid crystal molecules such as an alignment film containing a liquid crystal aligning agent described in JP-A-2008-026891 or an alignment film described in JP-A-10-096931 is used. Can do.
- the thickness of the alignment layer is preferably in the range of 0.1 to 20 ⁇ m, and more preferably in the range of 0.5 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the alignment film is preferably rubbed.
- the surface of the alignment layer, temporary support, ⁇ / 4 plate, or light reflection layer to which the polymerizable liquid crystal composition is applied may be rubbed as necessary.
- the rubbing treatment can be generally performed by rubbing the surface of a film containing a polymer as a main component with paper or cloth in a certain direction.
- a general method of rubbing is described in, for example, “Liquid Crystal Handbook” (issued by Maruzen, October 30, 2000).
- the rubbing density (L) is quantified by the following formula (A).
- Formula (A) L Nl (1 + 2 ⁇ rn / 60v)
- N is the number of rubbing
- l is the contact length of the rubbing roller
- r is the radius of the roller
- n is the number of rotations (rpm) of the roller
- v is the stage moving speed (second speed).
- the rubbing frequency should be increased, the contact length of the rubbing roller should be increased, the radius of the roller should be increased, the rotation speed of the roller should be increased, and the stage moving speed should be decreased, while the rubbing density should be decreased.
- the description in Japanese Patent No. 4052558 can also be referred to as conditions for the rubbing process.
- the optical film may include an adhesive layer for adhesion of each layer.
- “adhesion” is used in a concept including “adhesion”.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive that can be used in the present invention include, but are not limited to, acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesives and polyvinyl alcohol-based adhesives.
- Examples of the adhesive include a boron compound aqueous solution, an epoxy compound curable adhesive that does not contain an aromatic ring in the molecule, as disclosed in JP-A-2004-245925, and 360 described in JP-A-2008-174667.
- An active energy ray-curable adhesive comprising, as essential components, a photopolymerization initiator having a molar extinction coefficient of 400 or more at a wavelength of 450 nm and an ultraviolet curable compound, a (meth) acrylic adhesive described in JP-A-2008-174667 (A) (meth) acrylic compound having 2 or more (meth) acryloyl groups in the molecule in 100 parts by mass of the total amount of the compound, and (b) having a hydroxyl group in the molecule, and only having a polymerizable double bond (Meth) acrylic compound having one and (c) phenol ethylene oxide modified acrylate or nonylphenol ethylene oxide The active energy ray-curable adhesive containing a modified acrylate, and
- Such a method for adjusting the refractive index of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but for example, a method described in JP-A-11-223712 can be used. Among the methods described in JP-A-11-223712, the following embodiments are particularly preferable.
- the pressure-sensitive adhesive used for the above-mentioned adhesive layer examples include resins such as polyester resins, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, silicone resins, and acrylic resins. You may use these individually or in mixture of 2 or more types.
- an acrylic resin is preferable because it is excellent in reliability such as water resistance, heat resistance, and light resistance, has good adhesion and transparency, and can easily adjust the refractive index to be compatible with a liquid crystal display.
- the acrylic pressure-sensitive adhesive includes acrylic acid and its esters, methacrylic acid and its esters, homopolymers of acrylic monomers such as acrylamide and acrylonitrile, or copolymers thereof, and at least one of the above acrylic monomers and acetic acid.
- Examples thereof include copolymers with aromatic vinyl monomers such as vinyl, maleic anhydride, and styrene.
- main monomers such as ethylene acrylate, butyl acrylate, 2-ethylhexyl acrylate, etc.
- monomers such as vinyl acetate, acrylonitrile, acrylamide, styrene, methacrylate, methyl acrylate, which are cohesive components, Functional group-containing monomers such as methacrylic acid, acrylic acid, itaconic acid, hydroxyethyl methacrylate, hydroxypropyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate, acrylamide, methylol acrylamide, glycidyl methacrylate, and maleic anhydride
- a Tg (glass transition point) in the range of ⁇ 60 ° C. to ⁇ 15 ° C. and a weight average molecular weight in the range of 200,000 to 1 million. Shall is preferable.
- a sheet-like photo-curing type adhesive (Toho Gosei Group Research Annual Report, TREND No. 14, published on January 1, 2011) can also be used for the adhesive layer. Like an adhesive, it is easy to bond between optical films, is crosslinked and cured with ultraviolet rays (UV), and improves storage elastic modulus, adhesive strength and heat resistance, which is preferable.
- UV ultraviolet rays
- An adhesive layer similar to the above may be included between the members constituting the brightness enhancement film described later and the optical sheet member described later.
- an adhesive layer is included between the ⁇ / 4 plate and the reflective polarizer, between the light reflecting layers in the reflective polarizer, between the polarizing plate or the polarizer and the ⁇ / 4 plate, and the like.
- the optical sheet member described later preferably has a refractive index difference of 0.15 or less, more preferably 0.10 or less, between the reflective polarizer and the layer adjacent to the polarizing plate side of the reflective polarizer. Is particularly preferably 0.05 or less. Examples of the layer adjacent to the polarizing plate side of the above-described reflective polarizer include the above-described adhesive layer.
- the optical film of the present invention can be used as a brightness enhancement film in combination with a ⁇ / 4 plate.
- An example of the layer structure of the brightness enhancement film is shown in FIG.
- the light reflecting layer formed by fixing the cholesteric liquid crystal phase contained in the reflective polarizer in the brightness enhancement film has at least one of right circularly polarized light and left circularly polarized light (circularly polarized light in the first polarization state) having a reflection center wavelength. Reflects in the nearby wavelength band and transmits the other (circularly polarized light in the second polarization state).
- the reflected circularly polarized light in the second polarization state is randomized in its direction and polarization state by a reflection member (also referred to as a light guide or an optical resonator), which will be described later, and is recycled. Again, part of the light is reflected as circularly polarized light in the first polarization state and the remaining part is transmitted as circularly polarized light in the second polarization state, thereby increasing the light utilization rate on the backlight side and increasing the brightness of the liquid crystal display device. Can be improved.
- the light emitted from the reflective polarizer that is, the polarization state of the transmitted light and the reflected light of the reflective polarizer can be measured, for example, by measuring the polarization with an AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics.
- the light reflection layer functions as a reflective polarizer in the brightness enhancement film.
- the reflective polarizer preferably includes at least one light reflecting layer, and preferably includes at least two light reflecting layers, and the reflective polarizer preferably includes 2 to 4 light reflecting layers. It is more preferable that three layers are included.
- the light reflecting layer closest to the ⁇ / 4 plate side is referred to as the first light reflecting layer, and the light reflecting layer is in order from the ⁇ / 4 plate side.
- the first light reflection layer, the second light reflection layer, the third light reflection layer, and the like are called.
- the reflective polarizer preferably includes a blue light reflecting layer that reflects blue light, a green light reflecting layer that reflects green light, and a red light reflecting layer that reflects red light.
- the absolute value of the oblique retardation at a wavelength of 450 nm of the blue light reflecting layer is 0 to 75 nm
- the absolute value of the oblique retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm of the green light reflecting layer is 0 to 90 nm
- the wavelength of the red light reflecting layer The absolute value of the oblique retardation at 650 nm is preferably 0 to 100 nm
- the absolute value of the oblique retardation at the wavelength 450 nm of the blue light reflecting layer is 0 to 50 nm
- the oblique letter at the wavelength 550 nm of the green light reflecting layer is preferably a blue light reflecting layer that reflects blue light, a green light reflecting layer that reflects green light, and a red light reflecting layer that reflects red light.
- the absolute value of the retardation is 0 to 60 nm and the absolute value of the oblique retardation at a wavelength of 650 nm of the red light reflecting layer is 0 to 70 nm.
- the absolute value of the oblique retardation of the blue light reflecting layer at a wavelength of 450 nm is more preferable.
- the value of 0 to 30 nm and the absolute value of the oblique retardation at a wavelength of 550 nm of the green light reflecting layer is 0 to 35. m, and it is more preferable absolute value of the oblique retardation at the wavelength 650nm of the red light reflective layer is 0 ⁇ 40 nm.
- the oblique retardation of the light reflecting layer is a retardation value in a wavelength region outside the oblique reflection band.
- a reflective layer having selective reflection in a region centered at 550 nm in the front the central wavelength of selective reflection shifts to the short wave side in an oblique direction, and when the polar angle reaches 60 °, the selective reflection region shifts to around 450 nm.
- retardation occurs, which is defined as oblique retardation.
- the reflective polarizer preferably has a function of reflecting blue light, green light and red light.
- the reflective polarizer includes a blue light reflecting layer, a green light reflecting layer, and a red light reflecting layer, or a layer that reflects blue light and green light in one layer, and a layer that reflects green light and red light in one layer. At least one layer that reflects blue light, green light, and red light in one layer may be included.
- the optical film of the present invention may further include a ⁇ / 4 plate and function as a brightness enhancement film.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate functions as a layer for converting circularly polarized light obtained by passing through the reflective polarizer into linearly polarized light.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate preferably satisfies at least one of the following formulas (A) to (C), and more preferably satisfies all of the following formulas (A) to (C).
- Formula (C) 630 nm / 4-35 nm ⁇ Re (630) ⁇ 630 nm / 4 + 35 nm Rth (550) of the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably ⁇ 70 to 70 nm, more preferably ⁇ 40 to 40 nm, and particularly preferably ⁇ 20 to 20 nm.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate may be a single layer or a laminate of two or more layers, and is preferably a laminate of two or more layers.
- the ⁇ / 4 layer is a liquid crystal compound (discotic liquid crystal, formed by polymerizing a liquid crystal monomer that expresses a retardation film (optically approximately uniaxial or approximately biaxial), a nematic liquid crystal layer, or a smectic liquid crystal layer. More preferably, the retardation film has one or more layers containing at least one of a rod-like liquid crystal and a cholesteric liquid crystal.
- the retardation film it is possible to select a retardation film stretched in the direction perpendicular to the conveyance direction or the conveyance direction during production of the support, and a retardation film stretched by 45 degrees with respect to the conveyance direction.
- a phase difference film obtained by stretching a cyclic polyolefin resin (norbornene-based resin) or the like capable of producing an optical sheet member by so-called roll-to-roll, or a transparent film is subjected to orientation treatment, and the treated surface is conveyed in the direction of production.
- a film having a layer in which a liquid crystal compound is oriented in a 45-degree direction is preferable.
- ⁇ / 4 plate of the brightness enhancement film There are no particular restrictions on the material used for the ⁇ / 4 plate of the brightness enhancement film.
- Various polymer films such as cellulose acylate, polycarbonate polymer, polyester polymer such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate, acrylic polymer such as polymethyl methacrylate, polystyrene, acrylonitrile / styrene copolymer (AS resin), etc. Styrene polymers and the like can be used.
- Polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene, polyolefin polymers such as ethylene / propylene copolymers, vinyl chloride polymers, amide polymers such as nylon and aromatic polyamide, imide polymers, sulfone polymers, polyethersulfone polymers , Polyetheretherketone polymers, polyphenylene sulfide polymers, vinylidene chloride polymers, vinyl alcohol polymers, vinyl butyral polymers, arylate polymers, polyoxymethylene polymers, epoxy polymers, or polymers obtained by mixing the aforementioned polymers
- One or two or more polymers are selected from the above, and a polymer film is produced using the polymer as a main component, and can be used for producing an optical film in a combination that satisfies the above characteristics. Kill.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate may be an optically anisotropic support having the desired ⁇ / 4 function by itself, or having an optically anisotropic layer on a support made of a polymer film. May be.
- the optical anisotropic support is achieved by a method of stretching a polymer film uniaxially or biaxially. You can get a body.
- the type of the polymer there is no particular limitation on the type of the polymer, and those having excellent transparency are preferably used. Examples thereof include materials used for the above-mentioned ⁇ / 4 plate, cellulose acylate films (for example, cellulose triacetate film (refractive index 1.48), cellulose diacetate film, cellulose acetate butyrate film, cellulose acetate propio).
- polyolefins such as polyethylene and polypropylene
- polyester resin films such as polyethylene terephthalate and polyethylene naphthalate
- polyether sulfone films polyacrylic resin films such as polymethyl methacrylate, polyurethane resin films, polyester films, polycarbonate films , Polysulfone film, polyether film, polymethylpentene film, polyetherketone film, (meth) acrylic Nitrile film, polyolefin, a polymer having an alicyclic structure (norbornene resin (ARTON, trade name, manufactured by JSR Corp.), amorphous polyolefin (ZEONEX, trade name, produced by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.)), and the like.
- ARTON trade name, manufactured by JSR Corp.
- ZEONEX trade name, produced by Nippon Zeon Co., Ltd.
- triacetyl cellulose, polyethylene terephthalate, and polymers having an alicyclic structure are preferable, and triace
- the angle formed by the slow axis direction of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the absorption axis direction of the polarizing plate is 30 to 60 °, preferably 35 to 55 °, and preferably 40 to 50 °. Is more preferable, and 45 ° is particularly preferable.
- the angle between the slow axis direction of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the longitudinal direction is 30 to 60 °. Preferably there is.
- the polymer orientation axis is continuously stretched in the direction of 30 to 60 ° with respect to the longitudinal direction.
- Any known method can be adopted as long as it is inclined to a desired angle.
- the stretching machine used for the oblique stretching is not particularly limited, and a conventionally known tenter stretching machine that can add feed force, pulling force, or take-up force at different speeds in the horizontal or vertical direction can be used.
- the tenter type stretching machine includes a horizontal uniaxial stretching machine, a simultaneous biaxial stretching machine, and the like, but is not particularly limited as long as a long film can be continuously obliquely stretched. These types of stretching machines can be used.
- Examples of the oblique stretching method include, for example, JP-A-50-83482, JP-A-2-113920, JP-A-3-182701, JP-A-2000-9912, JP-A-2002-86554, The methods described in JP 2002-22944 A and International Publication No. 2007/111313 can be used.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate has an optically anisotropic layer or the like on a support made of a polymer film
- a desired ⁇ / 4 function is given by laminating another layer on the support.
- the constituent material of the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited, and may be a polymer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound and exhibiting optical anisotropy expressed by molecular orientation of the liquid crystal compound. It may be a layer having optical anisotropy expressed by stretching a film and orienting a polymer in the film, or may have both layers.
- it can be constituted by one or two or more biaxial films, or can be constituted by combining two or more uniaxial films such as a combination of a C plate and an A plate.
- it can also be configured by combining one or more biaxial films and one or more uniaxial films.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate includes at least one layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound. That is, the ⁇ / 4 plate is preferably a laminate of a polymer film (support) and an optically anisotropic layer formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound.
- the type of liquid crystal compound used for forming the optically anisotropic layer is not particularly limited.
- the optically anisotropic layer is a layer formed by fixing the liquid crystal compound by polymerization or the like, and thus becomes a layer. After that, it is no longer necessary to show liquid crystallinity.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal compound may be a polyfunctional polymerizable liquid crystal or a monofunctional polymerizable liquid crystal compound.
- the liquid crystal compound may be a discotic liquid crystal compound or a rod-shaped liquid crystal compound. In the present invention, a discotic liquid crystal compound is more preferable.
- a material for producing a ⁇ / 4 plate formed from a composition containing a liquid crystal compound a polymerizable liquid crystal composition for producing a light reflecting layer described later can be used.
- the polymerizable liquid crystal composition for producing the ⁇ / 4 plate does not contain a chiral agent.
- the molecules of the liquid crystal compound are fixed in any alignment state of vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, hybrid alignment, and tilt alignment.
- the disk surface of the disk-like liquid crystal compound is substantially perpendicular to the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface), or a rod-like liquid crystal It is preferable that the long axis of the compound is substantially horizontal with respect to the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface).
- substantially perpendicular to the discotic liquid crystal compound means that the average angle between the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface) and the disc surface of the discotic liquid crystal compound is in the range of 70 ° to 90 °. To do. 80 ° to 90 ° is more preferable, and 85 ° to 90 ° is still more preferable.
- the fact that the rod-like liquid crystal compound is substantially horizontal means that the angle formed between the film surface (optically anisotropic layer surface) and the director of the rod-like liquid crystal molecules is in the range of 0 ° to 20 °. 0 ° to 10 ° is more preferable, and 0 ° to 5 ° is still more preferable.
- the optically anisotropic layer described above comprises a coating liquid containing a liquid crystal compound such as a rod-like liquid crystal compound or a disk-like liquid crystal compound, and, if desired, a polymerization initiator, an alignment control agent and other additives, which are described later, on a support. It can be formed by coating. It is preferable to form an alignment layer on the support and apply the above-described coating solution to the surface of the alignment layer.
- ⁇ Method for producing brightness enhancement film As a method for producing the brightness enhancement film, a separately produced ⁇ / 4 plate and a light reflecting layer may be bonded together with an adhesive, and at least one light reflecting layer is placed on the surface of the ⁇ / 4 plate or another light reflecting layer. It may be formed by direct application.
- the optical sheet member has a brightness enhancement film and a polarizing plate.
- An example of the layer structure of the optical sheet member is shown in FIG.
- the angle formed between the slow axis of the ⁇ / 4 plate and the absorption axis of the polarizer is 30 to 60 °, and the polarizing plate, the ⁇ / 4 plate, and the reflective polarizer are in direct contact in this order, or an adhesive layer It is preferable to laminate via.
- the slow axis means a direction in which the refractive index is maximized.
- the optical sheet member may have a polarizing plate protective film.
- the reflective polarizer may be provided directly on the polarizer or via an adhesive.
- the ⁇ / 4 plate may also serve as a polarizing plate protective film, and the polarizing plate protective film may also serve as a part of the ⁇ / 4 plate realized by lamination.
- these protective films as the protective film disposed on the side opposite to the liquid crystal cell, a thermoplastic resin excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy and the like is used.
- thermoplastic resins include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resins, polyethersulfone resins, polysulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth) acrylic resins, cyclic Examples thereof include polyolefin resins (norbornene resins), polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and mixtures thereof.
- cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resins, polyethersulfone resins, polysulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth) acrylic resins, cyclic Examples thereof include polyolefin resins (norbornene resins), polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and mixtures thereof.
- a polarizing plate may consist only of a polarizer, it is preferable that a polarizing plate is comprised with the polarizing plate and the polarizing plate protective film which protects the at least single side
- the polarizer it is preferable to use a polymer film in which iodine is adsorbed and oriented.
- the polymer film is not particularly limited, and various types can be used.
- polyvinyl alcohol-based films, polyethylene terephthalate-based films, ethylene / vinyl acetate copolymer-based films, partially saponified films of these, hydrophilic polymer films such as cellulose-based films, polyvinyl alcohol dehydrated products and polychlorinated Examples include polyene-based oriented films such as vinyl dehydrochlorinated products.
- Polyvinyl alcohol or a derivative thereof is used as the material for the polyvinyl alcohol film.
- Derivatives of polyvinyl alcohol include polyvinyl formal, polyvinyl acetal and the like, olefins such as ethylene and propylene, unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic acid, methacrylic acid and crotonic acid, alkyl esters thereof, acrylamide and the like. Can be mentioned.
- the polymerization degree of the polymer that is the material of the polymer film is generally 500 to 10,000, preferably in the range of 1000 to 6000, and more preferably in the range of 1400 to 4000. Furthermore, in the case of a saponified film, the degree of saponification is preferably 75 mol% or more, more preferably 98 mol% or more, for example, from the viewpoint of solubility in water, and more preferably 98.3 to 99.8 mol. % Is more preferable.
- the aforementioned polymer film (unstretched film) is at least subjected to uniaxial stretching treatment and iodine dyeing treatment according to a conventional method. Furthermore, a boric acid treatment or a washing treatment can be performed. Further, the polymer film (stretched film) subjected to the above-described treatment is dried according to a conventional method to become a polarizer.
- the thickness of the polarizer is usually 5 to 80 ⁇ m, preferably 5 to 50 ⁇ m, more preferably 5 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the single transmittance when measured with a single polarizer is preferably 43% or more, and more preferably in the range of 43.3 to 45.0%.
- the orthogonal transmittance measured by superposing two polarizers described above so that the absorption axes of the two polarizers are 90 ° to each other is smaller, and practically 0.00 % Or more and 0.050% or less is preferable, and 0.030% or less is more preferable.
- the degree of polarization is preferably 99.90% or more and 100% or less for practical use, and particularly preferably 99.93% or more and 100% or less. Even when measured as a polarizing plate, it is preferable to obtain optical characteristics substantially equivalent to this.
- This polarizer can be obtained by the methods described in JP-A-2006-293275, JP-A-2009-98653, JP-A-2001-350021, and JP-A-2001-141926.
- thermoplastic resin excellent in transparency, mechanical strength, thermal stability, moisture barrier property, isotropy and the like is used.
- thermoplastic resins include cellulose resins such as triacetyl cellulose, polyester resins, polyethersulfone resins, polysulfone resins, polycarbonate resins, polyamide resins, polyimide resins, polyolefin resins, (meth) acrylic resins, cyclic Examples thereof include polyolefin resins (norbornene resins), polyarylate resins, polystyrene resins, polyvinyl alcohol resins, and mixtures thereof.
- Cellulose resin is an ester of cellulose and fatty acid.
- Specific examples of the cellulose ester resin include triacetyl cellulose, diacetyl cellulose, tripropyl cellulose, dipropyl cellulose, and the like. Among these, triacetyl cellulose is particularly preferable.
- Many products of triacetylcellulose are commercially available, which is advantageous in terms of availability and cost. Examples of commercially available products of triacetylcellulose include trade names “UV-50”, “UV-80”, “SH-80”, “TD-80U”, “TD-TAC”, “ UZ-TAC ”and“ KC Series ”manufactured by Konica.
- cyclic polyolefin resin examples are preferably norbornene resins.
- the cyclic olefin-based resin is a general term for resins that are polymerized using a cyclic olefin as a polymerization unit, and is described in, for example, JP-A-1-240517, JP-A-3-14882, JP-A-3-122137, and the like. Resin.
- cyclic olefin ring-opening (co) polymers examples include cyclic olefin addition polymers, cyclic olefins and ⁇ -olefins such as ethylene and propylene (typically random copolymers), And the graft polymer which modified these with unsaturated carboxylic acid or its derivative (s), and those hydrides, etc. are mentioned.
- Specific examples of the cyclic olefin include norbornene monomers.
- cyclic polyolefin resins Various products are commercially available as cyclic polyolefin resins. Specific examples include the product names “ZEONEX” and “ZEONOR” manufactured by ZEON CORPORATION, the product name “ARTON” manufactured by JSR Corporation, the product name “TOPAS” manufactured by TICONA, and the product rules manufactured by Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. “APEL” may be mentioned.
- any appropriate (meth) acrylic resin can be adopted as the (meth) acrylic resin.
- poly (meth) acrylate such as polymethyl methacrylate, methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylic acid copolymer, methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylic acid ester copolymer, methyl methacrylate-acrylic acid ester- (Meth) acrylic acid copolymers, (meth) methyl acrylate-styrene copolymers (MS resin, etc.), polymers having an alicyclic hydrocarbon group (for example, methyl methacrylate-cyclohexyl methacrylate copolymer, And methyl methacrylate- (meth) acrylate norbornyl copolymer).
- Preferable examples include C1-6 alkyl poly (meth) acrylates such as poly (meth) acrylate methyl. More preferred is a methyl methacrylate resin containing methyl methacrylate as a main component (50 to 100% by mass, preferably 70 to 100% by mass).
- the (meth) acrylic resin examples include, for example, (Meth) acrylic resin having a ring structure in the molecule described in Acrypet VH and Acrypet VRL20A manufactured by Mitsubishi Rayon Co., Ltd., and JP-A-2004-70296. And a high Tg (meth) acrylic resin system obtained by intramolecular crosslinking or intramolecular cyclization reaction.
- (Meth) acrylic resin having a lactone ring structure can also be used as the (meth) acrylic resin. It is because it has high mechanical strength by high heat resistance, high transparency, and biaxial stretching.
- the thickness of the protective film can be appropriately set, but is generally about 1 to 80 ⁇ m from the viewpoints of workability such as strength and handling, and thin layer properties. 1 to 60 ⁇ m is particularly preferable, 5 to 40 ⁇ m is more preferable, and 5 to 25 ⁇ m is still more preferable.
- the optical film of this invention can be made into the structural member of a liquid crystal display device as a brightness improvement film or an optical sheet member, for example.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a display side polarizing plate, a liquid crystal cell, a backlight side polarizing plate, and a backlight unit in this order.
- the brightness enhancement film should just be arrange
- One embodiment of a liquid crystal display device has a liquid crystal cell in which a driving liquid crystal layer is sandwiched between substrates on which electrodes are provided on at least one opposite side, and this liquid crystal cell is arranged between two polarizing plates. It is a configuration.
- the liquid crystal display device includes a liquid crystal cell in which liquid crystal is sealed between upper and lower substrates, and can display an image by changing the alignment state of the liquid crystal by applying a voltage. Furthermore, you may have a polarizing plate protective film and the retardation film for viewing angle compensation as needed. A retardation film for viewing angle compensation may be included between each of the polarizers and the liquid crystal cell.
- the liquid crystal display device includes, for example, a color filter substrate, a thin layer transistor substrate, a lens film, a diffusion sheet, a hard coat layer, an antireflection layer, a low reflection layer, an antiglare layer, etc. Other members such as a primer layer, an antistatic layer, and an undercoat layer may be included.
- FIG. 3 shows an example of the configuration of the liquid crystal display device.
- the liquid crystal display device 51 includes a backlight unit 31, an optical sheet member 21 (a laminated body of the reflective polarizer 11 and the backlight side polarizing plate 1), a thin layer transistor substrate 41, a liquid crystal cell 42, and a color filter substrate. 43 and the display side polarizing plate 44 are laminated in this order.
- the structure of a brightness improvement film is an example, for example, the brightness improvement film applied to a liquid crystal display device is not limited to the example as described in FIG.
- the configuration of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited, and a liquid crystal cell having a general configuration can be adopted.
- the liquid crystal cell includes, for example, a pair of substrates arranged opposite to each other and a driving liquid crystal layer sandwiched between the pair of substrates, and may include a color filter layer as necessary.
- the driving mode of the liquid crystal cell is not particularly limited, and is twisted nematic (TN), super twisted nematic (STN), vertical alignment (VA), in-plane switching (IPS), optically compensated bend cell (OCB). Various modes such as can be used.
- the optical film (brightness enhancement film or optical sheet member) can be used in combination with a backlight unit in a liquid crystal display device.
- the backlight unit includes at least a blue light having an emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 430 to 500 nm, a green light having an emission center wavelength in a wavelength band of 500 to 600 nm, and a peak of emission intensity in a wavelength band of 600 to 700 nm. What is necessary is just to provide the light source which light-emits red light which has one part.
- the above-described backlight unit includes a reflecting member that converts and reflects the polarization state of light emitted from the above-described light source and reflected by the above-described brightness enhancement film or the above-described optical sheet member at the rear of the above-described light source. It is also preferable.
- the backlight may be of an edge light type or a direct type using a light guide plate or a reflection plate as a constituent member, but the backlight unit emits light from the light source at the rear of the light source. It is preferable to provide a reflecting member that converts and reflects the polarization state of the light reflected by the optical sheet member.
- a reflecting member that converts and reflects the polarization state of the light reflected by the optical sheet member.
- the light source of the backlight includes a blue light emitting diode that emits the blue light described above, and a wavelength that includes the fluorescent material that emits the green light and the red light when the blue light of the blue light emitting diode is incident. It is preferable to have a conversion member.
- the blue light emitting diode that emits the blue light described above, the green light emitting diode that emits the green light described above, and the red light emitting diode that emits the red light described above may be used.
- the light source of the backlight may be a white light source such as a white LED (Light Emitting Diode).
- the liquid crystal display device includes: a blue light emitting diode that emits the blue light; and a fluorescent material that emits the green light and the red light when the blue light of the blue light emitting diode is incident.
- a quantum dot sheet or a bar-shaped quantum dot bar the quantum dot member is preferably disposed between the optical sheet member and the blue light source.
- a quantum dot member is not particularly limited, and a known member can be used.
- QDEF Quantum Dot Enhancement Film, manufactured by Nanosys
- the preferred emission center wavelengths of the light of each color emitted from the backlight unit are as follows.
- Blue light preferably has an emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 440 to 470 nm.
- the green light preferably has an emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 520 to 570 nm.
- Red light preferably has an emission center wavelength in the wavelength band of 600 to 640 nm.
- the full widths at half maximum of the blue light, the green light, and the red light are 100 nm or less.
- the blue light emitted from the backlight unit preferably has an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 80 nm or less, more preferably an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 70 nm or less, and a half-value width of 30 nm or less. It is particularly preferable to have a peak of emission intensity as follows.
- the green light emitted from the backlight unit preferably has an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 80 nm or less, more preferably an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 70 nm or less, and a half-value width of 60 nm or less.
- the red light emitted from the backlight unit preferably has an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 80 nm or less, more preferably an emission intensity peak with a half-value width of 70 nm or less, and a half-value width of 60 nm or less. It is particularly preferable to have a peak of emission intensity as follows.
- the center wavelength-emission center wavelength is preferably within ⁇ 50 nm and more preferably within ⁇ 25 nm for blue and green light.
- 0 to 75 nm is preferable from the viewpoint of suppressing oblique color change, more preferably 0 to 50 nm, and still more preferably 10 to 30 nm.
- the backlight unit preferably further includes a known diffusion plate, diffusion sheet, prism sheet (for example, BEF), and a light guide.
- a known diffusion plate for example, BEF
- prism sheet for example, BEF
- a light guide for example, a known diffusion plate, diffusion sheet, prism sheet (for example, BEF), and a light guide.
- Other members are also described in Japanese Patent No. 3416302, Japanese Patent No. 3363565, Japanese Patent No. 4091978, Japanese Patent No. 3448626, and the like.
- the backlight unit includes two prism sheets whose prism directions are substantially parallel to each other. This is because the front luminance of the liquid crystal display device can be further improved.
- the direction in which the prisms of the two prism sheets are substantially parallel means that the angle formed by the prisms of the two prism sheets is within ⁇ 5 °.
- the prism sheet has a plurality of protrusions (in the present specification, these protrusions are also referred to as prisms) extending in one direction within the surface of the prism sheet.
- the directions in which the plurality of prisms arranged in are extended are parallel.
- the direction of the prism refers to the extending direction of a plurality of prisms arranged in a row.
- the front luminance can be increased by using two prism sheets whose prism directions are substantially parallel to each other, rather than two prism sheets whose prism directions are substantially perpendicular to each other.
- the same effect can be acquired also when combining any of the above-mentioned light sources.
- a method for bonding the brightness enhancement film or the optical sheet member to the liquid crystal display device As a method for bonding the brightness enhancement film or the optical sheet member to the liquid crystal display device, a known method can be used. In addition, a roll-to-panel manufacturing method can be used, which is preferable for improving productivity and yield.
- the roll-to-panel manufacturing method is described in JP-A-2011-48381, JP-A-2009-175653, JP-A-4628488, JP-B-4729647, WO2012 / 014602, WO2012 / 014571, and the like. It is not limited.
- the layer that changes the polarization state of light functions as a layer that changes the polarization state of the light reflected from the light reflection layer, can improve the brightness, reduce the color change, and reduce coating unevenness. is there.
- Examples of the layer that changes the polarization state of light include a polymer layer having a refractive index higher than that of the air layer.
- the polymer layer having a refractive index higher than that of the air layer examples include a hard coat (HC) treatment layer, an antiglare ( Various low reflection layers such as AG) treatment layer and low reflection (AR) treatment layer, triacetyl cellulose (TAC) film, acrylic resin film, cycloolefin polymer (COP) resin film, stretched PET film and the like.
- HC hard coat
- AR low reflection
- TAC triacetyl cellulose
- acrylic resin film acrylic resin film
- COP cycloolefin polymer
- stretched PET film stretched PET film and the like.
- the layer that changes the polarization state of light may also serve as a support.
- the relationship between the average refractive index of the layer that changes the polarization state of the light reflected from the light reflecting layer and the average refractive index of the outermost light reflecting layer is as follows:
- ⁇ 0.4 is more preferable 0 ⁇
- the layer that changes the polarization state of light may be integrated with the brightness enhancement film, or may be provided separately from the brightness enhancement film.
- the optical properties of the liquid crystal film were measured using a polarimeter AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics.
- the tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules is Jpn. J. et al. Appl. Phys. 48 (2009) Referring to the method described in 03B021, the value was measured using a measurement value of Polarometer AxoScan manufactured by Axometrics.
- Example 1 [Preparation of alignment film]
- a glass substrate (support) provided with an alignment film was prepared.
- the alignment film was produced by the following method with reference to Example 7 of JP-A-10-096931.
- a BCB solution (manufactured by Dow Chemical Co., Ltd.) is printed as an alignment film on the surface of a glass substrate (Corning EAGLE), and baked at 80 ° C. for 1 minute using a hot plate and further at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes in an N 2 oven. Polymerized. The thickness of the BCB polymer was 50 nm.
- the two glass substrates on which the BCB polymer alignment film was formed were rubbed.
- a rubbing cloth made of rayon and having a hair tip diameter of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m was used.
- the rubbing conditions are a roller rotation speed of 500 rpm, a substrate moving speed of 50 mm / s, and an indentation amount of 0.5 mm, and the number of rubbing is one.
- Two rubbing-treated glass substrates were placed in a plasma chamber, and the alignment film surface was hydrophobized. More specifically, these substrates are placed in a chamber that is evacuated to 1.3 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 4 Pa (10 ⁇ 6 Torr), NF 3 gas is introduced to 26.6 Pa (0.2 Torr), and the electrodes Plasma treatment was performed at 900 cm 2 parallel plate electrodes, electrode distance: 3.5 cm, applied voltage: 13.56 MHz, 15 W for 3 minutes.
- cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture R1
- a light reflecting layer was formed by using a production method in which a glass substrate was further overlapped on the coating film.
- the cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture R1 was applied by spin coating to the alignment film surface of the glass substrate provided with the alignment film. Then, it heated at 70 degreeC for 1 minute, and removed the solvent. The glass substrate provided with the alignment film on the coating surface was overlapped so that the surface of the alignment film was on the coating surface side.
- preparation of the coating amount of the cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture R1 and superposition of the substrates were performed so that the thickness of the layer formed from the cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was 290 nm. Also, the rubbing directions of the alignment films of the two glass substrates were made parallel. The overlapping was performed while heating to 70 ° C.
- the alignment was fixed by irradiating with an ultraviolet ray of 500 mJ / cm 2 using a high pressure mercury lamp to obtain a liquid crystal film.
- this liquid crystal film was peeled off from the glass substrate and the cross section was observed with an electron microscope (S5000 Series manufactured by Hitachi High-Technology Corporation), a structure corresponding to one pitch twist was observed. Further, the optical characteristics of the liquid crystal film were measured. In the front direction, selective reflection was observed in a region centered at 450 nm. In the oblique direction, the central wavelength of selective reflection shifted to the short wave side, and when the polar angle reached 60 °, the selective reflection region shifted to a short wave region than visible light.
- the retardation was removed from the selective reflection region at a polar angle of 60 °, specifically 450 nm, and the retardation was substantially zero.
- the retardation of the liquid crystal film was calculated using an optical simulator manufactured by Shintech Co., and the tilt angle was calculated. The tilt angle was 35 degrees.
- the 2nd liquid crystalline mixture for light reflection layer formation was prepared. It was produced by the same method as the coating solution for forming the first light reflecting layer except that the concentration of the chiral agent was changed from 4.4% by mass to 3.6% by mass. Further, a liquid crystal film was produced in the same manner as in the formation of the first light reflecting layer except that the thickness of the layer formed from the cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed from 290 nm to 350 nm. The obtained liquid crystal film was also observed and measured by the same method as described above. When the cross section was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to one pitch twist was observed.
- a coating solution for forming a third light reflecting layer was prepared. It was produced by the same method as the coating solution for forming the first light reflecting layer except that the concentration of the chiral agent was changed from 4.4% by mass to 3.0% by mass. Further, a liquid crystal film was produced in the same manner as in the formation of the first light reflecting layer except that the thickness of the layer formed from the cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed from 290 nm to 420 nm. The obtained cholesteric monolayer was also observed and measured by the same method as described above. When the cross section was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to one pitch twist was observed.
- the first tilt angle is set so that the pretilt angle (tilt angle of the liquid crystal molecules in the light reflection layer on the alignment film surface) is 5 ° (comparative example) 15 °, 25 °, 45 °, and 55 °.
- a light reflection layer, a second light reflection layer, and a third light reflection layer were produced.
- the pretilt angle of the alignment film was adjusted by changing the plasma treatment time in the formation of the alignment film with Example 1. Specifically, the plasma treatment was not performed at 5 °, and the plasma treatment was performed at 15 ° for 0.5 minutes, 25 ° for 1.5 minutes, 45 ° for 5 minutes, and 55 ° for 8 minutes. .
- the adjustment of the liquid crystal mixture and the formation of the light reflecting layer were produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the oblique retardation of each layer measured by the above method is as shown in Table 1.
- ⁇ Preparation of polarizing plate> A commercially available cellulose acylate film “Z-tack” (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation) was used as a front-side polarizing plate protective film for the backlight-side polarizing plate.
- a commercially available cellulose acylate film “Z-tack” (manufactured by FUJIFILM Corporation) was used as a rear-side polarizing plate protective film for the backlight-side polarizing plate.
- a polarizer was produced in the same manner as [0219] of JP-A-2006-293275, and the above-mentioned two polarizing plate protective films were bonded to both sides of the polarizer to produce a polarizing plate.
- the produced optical sheet member was evaluated according to the following criteria.
- (Oblique color) The oblique color change ⁇ u′v ′ of the liquid crystal display device was evaluated by the following method.
- the hue color difference ⁇ u′v ′ obtained by calculating the difference between the hue coordinates u ′ and v ′ in the front direction (polar angle 0 degree) and the polar angle direction 60 degrees is measured in the azimuth angle 0 to 360 degrees direction, and the average The value was used as an evaluation index of the diagonal color change ⁇ u′v ′.
- a measuring machine (EZ-Contrast 160D, manufactured by ELDIM) was used for measuring the color coordinates u′v ′.
- A 40% or less less than the oblique color change of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1, which is good.
- B 25% or more and less than 40% less than the oblique color change of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1,
- Good C 10% or more and less than 25% less than the oblique color change of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1
- Good D It is equal to or less than the oblique color change of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1.
- the oblique luminance of the liquid crystal display device was evaluated by the following method. The luminance value was measured in the direction of the polar angle of 60 degrees and the azimuth angle of 0 to 360 degrees, and the average value was used as the evaluation index of the oblique luminance. A measuring machine (EZ-Contrast 160D, manufactured by ELDIM) was used for measuring the luminance. Based on the results, evaluation was made according to the following criteria. A: 30% or more higher than the oblique luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1, which is favorable. B: 20% or more and less than 30% higher than the oblique luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1, which is favorable. C: 10% or more and less than 20% higher than the oblique luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1, which is favorable. D: It is equal to or less than the oblique luminance of the liquid crystal display device of Comparative Example 1.
- ⁇ Example 11> [Preparation of alignment film]
- a glass substrate provided with an alignment film was prepared.
- SE-4811 manufactured by Nissan Chemical Co., Ltd. was printed as an alignment film, and baked using a hot plate at 80 ° C. for 1 minute and further in an N 2 oven at 200 ° C. for 30 minutes. .
- the thickness of the alignment film was 50 nm.
- a first light reflecting layer was formed.
- the cells were opposed so that the surface of the alignment film was on the inside.
- the thickness of the layer formed from the chiral smectic C liquid crystalline mixture was adjusted to 2.3 ⁇ m.
- the chiral smectic C liquid crystalline mixture R11 was injected into a cell produced by facing the glass substrate provided with the alignment film in the gap between the opposed cells. The cell was then raised to a temperature of 120 degrees and then cooled at 0.1 degrees / minute to lower the temperature to room temperature.
- the alignment was fixed by irradiating with an ultraviolet ray of 500 mJ / cm 2 using a high pressure mercury lamp to obtain a liquid crystal film.
- this liquid crystal film was peeled off from the glass substrate and the cross section was observed with an electron microscope (S5000 Series manufactured by Hitachi High-Technologies Corporation), a structure corresponding to 8-pitch twist was observed. This was made into the 1st light reflection layer.
- the optical characteristics of the first light reflecting layer were measured. In the front direction, selective reflection was observed in a region centered at 450 nm, and the reflectance at 450 nm was approximately 50%.
- the central wavelength of selective reflection shifted to the short wave side, and when the polar angle reached 60 °, the selective reflection region shifted to a short wave region than visible light.
- the tilt angle was calculated to be 45 degrees by using the retardation measurement value of the first light reflection layer and calculating the tilt angle using an optical simulator manufactured by Shintech.
- the 2nd liquid crystalline mixture for light reflection layer formation was prepared. It was produced by the same method as the coating solution for forming the first light reflecting layer except that the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 2.3% by mass. Further, a second light reflecting layer was produced in the same manner as in the formation of the first light reflecting layer except that the layer thickness was 2.8 ⁇ m. The obtained second light reflection layer was also observed and measured by the same method as described above. When the cross section was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to 8-pitch torsion was observed.
- a third liquid crystalline mixture for forming a light reflecting layer was prepared. It was produced by the same method as the coating solution for forming the first light reflecting layer except that the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 1.9% by mass. In addition, a third light reflection layer was produced in the same manner as in the formation of the first light reflection layer except that the layer thickness was 3.4 ⁇ m. The obtained third light reflecting layer was also observed and measured in the same manner as described above. When the cross section was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to 8-pitch torsion was observed.
- the obtained first, second, and third light reflecting layers were laminated and bonded to form a reflective polarizer and an optical sheet member in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the optical sheet member was evaluated for oblique color and oblique luminance. As a result, the diagonal color ⁇ u′v ′ was B, and the diagonal luminance was B.
- Example 12 [Formation of light reflection layer] A liquid crystal film was produced in the same manner as in Example 11 except that the concentration of the chiral agent in the liquid crystal mixture for forming a first light reflecting layer in Example 11 was changed to 2.5 mass% and the layer thickness was changed to 2.6 ⁇ m. . The liquid crystal film was peeled from the glass substrate, and the liquid crystal film was further stretched by 20% in the in-plane x-axis and y-axis directions using a biaxial stretching machine to form a new first light reflecting layer. When a cross section of the obtained first light reflection layer was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to 8-pitch torsion was observed.
- a liquid crystal film was prepared in the same manner except that the concentration of the chiral agent for forming the first light reflecting layer was changed to 2.1% by mass and the layer thickness was changed to 3.1 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal film was peeled from the glass substrate, and the liquid crystal film was further stretched by 15% in the in-plane x-axis and y-axis directions using a biaxial stretching machine to form a new second light reflecting layer.
- the cross section of the obtained liquid crystal film was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to 8-pitch twist was observed.
- a liquid crystal film was prepared in the same manner except that the concentration of the chiral agent for forming the first light reflecting layer was changed to 1.8% by mass and the layer thickness was changed to 3.6 ⁇ m.
- the liquid crystal film was peeled from the glass substrate, and the liquid crystal film was further stretched by 15% in the in-plane x-axis and y-axis directions using a biaxial stretching machine to form a new third light reflecting layer.
- the cross section of the obtained liquid crystal film was observed with an electron microscope, a structure corresponding to 8-pitch twist was observed.
- tilt cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture (R21) Each component was then mixed to prepare a coating solution having the following composition, and a tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture (R21) was obtained.
- a cell was fabricated such that this tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture (R21) was sandwiched between two glass substrates with ITO electrodes. After the alignment film was applied to the surface of the glass substrate on the ITO electrode side and rubbed as in Example 1, a liquid crystal cell was prepared so that the film thickness of the cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was 4 ⁇ m. It was observed from the front that when the voltage was applied at room temperature, the selective reflection wavelength changed to a shorter wavelength as the applied voltage was increased.
- the retardation was removed from the selective reflection region at a polar angle of 60 °, specifically 450 nm, and the retardation was substantially zero.
- the retardation of the first light reflection layer was calculated using an optical simulator of Shintech Co., and the tilt angle was calculated. The tilt angle was 35 degrees.
- a light reflecting layer was prepared in the same manner except that the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 5.5% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed to 4.9 ⁇ m. .
- the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 5.5% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed to 4.9 ⁇ m.
- selective reflection was observed in a region centered at 550 nm in the front direction, and the central wavelength of selective reflection was shifted to the short wave side in the oblique direction.
- the optical characteristics were measured, selective reflection was observed around 550 nm in the front direction, and the reflectance at 550 nm was about 50%.
- the retardation at 550 nm at a polar angle of 60 ° was substantially 0, and the calculated tilt angle was 35 degrees.
- a light reflecting layer was prepared in the same manner except that the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 4.6% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed to 6 ⁇ m, and a third light reflecting layer was obtained.
- the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 4.6% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed to 6 ⁇ m, and a third light reflecting layer was obtained.
- the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 4.6% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed to 6 ⁇ m, and a third light reflecting layer was obtained.
- the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 4.6% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilted cholesteric liquid crystalline mixture was changed to 6 ⁇ m, and a third light reflecting layer was obtained.
- the concentration of the chiral agent was changed to 4.6% by mass and the thickness of the film of the tilte
- the obtained first, second, and third light reflecting layers were laminated and bonded to form a reflective polarizer and an optical sheet member in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the optical sheet member was evaluated for oblique color and oblique luminance. As a result, the diagonal hue ⁇ u′v ′ was A and the diagonal luminance was A.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Nonlinear Science (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Optics & Photonics (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Mathematical Physics (AREA)
- Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Liquid Crystal (AREA)
- Polarising Elements (AREA)
- Laminated Bodies (AREA)
Abstract
Description
特許文献2では、コレステリック液晶相の螺旋のピッチを光の入射側を短ピッチにする方法、及び面内の屈折率よりも垂直方向の屈折率の大きい補償層を設けて、斜め方向から見た際の色味変化を解消することが提案されている。しかし、特許文献2のほか、いずれの従来技術も、色味変化を、他の層を用いて解消しようとするものであり、コレステリック液晶相を固定してなる層自体の色味変化を生じさせる要因を本質的に解消するものではなかった。
[1]光反射層を含む光学フィルムであって、
上記光反射層は液晶分子の配向を固定した層であり、
上記液晶分子は上記光反射層の膜厚方向に螺旋構造を形成しており、
上記液晶分子のチルト角が15度~55度である光学フィルム。
[2]上記チルト角が25度~45度である[1]に記載の光学フィルム。
[3]上記チルト角が30度~40度である[1]に記載の光学フィルム。
[4]上記チルト角が35度である[1]に記載の光学フィルム。
[5]上記光反射層が、液晶化合物およびキラル剤を含む重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層である[1]~[4]のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
[7]上記光反射層がコレステリック液晶相をチルトさせた相を固定した層である[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
[8]上記光反射層はキラルスメクチックC相を固定した層である[1]~[6]のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
[9]λ/4板を含む[1]~[8]のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
[10]偏光板、λ/4板を含み、上記偏光板、上記λ/4板および上記光反射層がこの順で積層している[1]~[9]のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
[11][1]~[10]のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムを含む液晶表示装置。
支持体および別の支持体で挟まれている液晶化合物およびキラル剤を含む重合性液晶組成物を硬化することを含む方法により上記光反射層を形成することを含む製造方法。
[13]上記支持体が配向膜を有し、上記配向膜が上記重合性液晶組成物に接している[12]に記載の製造方法。
[14]上記別の支持体が配向膜を有し、上記配向膜が上記重合性液晶組成物に接している[12]または[13]に記載の製造方法。
[15]上記硬化により得られる重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層を2~20層積層することを含む[12]~[14]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[16]上記積層が、互いに接触させ、加熱圧着することにより行われる[15]に記載の製造方法。
[17]上記硬化により得られる重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層を延伸することを含む[12]~[16]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
[18]電圧印加されている上記重合性液晶組成物に上記硬化を行う[12]~[17]のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
以下に記載する構成要件の説明は、本発明の代表的な実施態様に基づいてなされることがあるが、本発明はそのような実施態様に限定されるものではない。なお、本明細書において「~」を用いて表される数値範囲は、「~」の前後に記載される数値を下限値および上限値として含む範囲を意味する。
本明細書中、ピークの「半値幅」とは、ピーク高さ1/2でのピークの幅のことを言う。光反射層の反射中心波長と半値幅は下記のように求めることができる。
分光光度計UV3150(島津製作所)を用いて光反射層の透過スペクトルを測定すると、選択反射領域に透過率の低下ピークがみられる。この最も大きいピーク高さの1/2の高さの透過率となる2つの波長のうち、短波側の波長の値をλ1(nm)、長波側の波長の値をλ2(nm)とすると、反射中心波長と半値幅は下記式で表すことができる。
反射中心波長=(λ1+λ2)/2
半値幅=(λ2-λ1)
Rth=((nx+ny)/2-nz)×d・・・・・・・・・式(B)
例えば、M. Kimura et al. Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48 (2009) 03B021に記載されているようにエリプソ測定法を用いれば、コレステリック液晶層の厚さ、ピッチ、捩れ角等が得られ、そこからRthの値を得ることができる。捩れ角とは、コレステリック液晶層が上面から下面までどのくらい捩れているかの角度のことである。たとえば、1回転捩れた場合は捩れ角360度である。また、エリプソ測定法の代わりに、ポラリメーター(分光偏光計:例えばAxometrics社のAxoScan)を用いても、コレステリック液晶層の厚さ、ピッチ、捩れ角等が得られ、そこからRthの値を得ることができる。また、Axometrics社のポラリメーターAxoScanを用いて面内のレターデーション(正面レターデーション)や斜めレターデーションも測定することができる。
本明細書において、青色光とは380~499nmの波長の光であり、緑色光とは500~599nmの波長の光であり、赤色光とは600~780nmの光である。また、赤外光とは、780~850nmの光である。
本明細書において、スメクチック配向とは液晶分子が一定方向に揃って並び、層状構造になっている液晶分子の配向状態をいう。この層状構造はX線回折で検出することができる。
本明細書において、「チルト角」とは、液晶分子のダイレクタ方向が層平面(具体的には光学フィルム平面)となす角度を意味し、液晶化合物の屈折率楕円体において最大の屈折率の方向が層平面となす角度のうち、最大の角度を意味する。従って、正の光学的異方性を持つ棒状液晶化合物では、チルト角は棒状液晶化合物の長軸方向すなわちダイレクタ方向と層平面とのなす角度を意味する。本明細書において、液晶分子というとき、重合性液晶組成物においては液晶化合物の分子を意味し、液晶化合物が重合性液晶化合物であって重合により高分子化している場合は、上記重合性液晶化合物のメソゲン(液晶性を発現する剛直な主鎖部分)に該当する部分構造を意味する。
例えば、ポラリメーター(分光偏光計:例えばAxometrics社のAxoScan)でレターデーションの角度依存性を測定し、チルト角などの光学パラメータでフィッティングすることで求められる。
同様に、エリプソメーターを用いて求めることができる。測定法の原理の詳細は Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48 (2009) 03B021 に記載がある。
チルト角の誤差範囲は、±5度である。
本明細書において、重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層であって、液晶分子の配向が固定されている層を「液晶層」または「液晶膜」ということがある。液晶分子の配向が固定されていない、駆動される液晶分子を含む層を上記との区別のために「駆動液晶層」という。
本明細書において、位相差フィルム等の「遅相軸」は、屈折率が最大となる方向を意味する。
また、本明細書において、位相差領域、位相差フィルム、及び液晶層等の各部材の光学特性を示す数値、数値範囲、及び定性的な表現(例えば、「同等」、「等しい」等の表現)については、液晶表示装置やそれに用いられる部材について一般的に許容される誤差を含む数値、数値範囲及び性質を示していると解釈されるものとする。
また、本明細書で「正面」とは、液晶表示装置の画像表示面に対する法線方向を意味する。
本明細書において反射偏光子と偏光子とは区別して用いられる。
光学フィルムは、光反射フィルムなどの光学的機能を有するフィルムである。本発明の光学フィルムは、液晶分子を含む光反射層を含む。本発明の光学フィルムは、光反射層を1層含んでいても、2層、3層または4層以上含んでいてもよい。光学フィルムはさらに、支持体、配向膜などの他の層を含んでいてもよく、用途に応じて他の光学機能性層を含んでいてもよい。例えば、さらにλ/4板を含む光学フィルムは、輝度向上フィルムとして利用することができる。
本発明の光学フィルムの光反射層は液晶分子の配向を固定した層、すなわち、液晶分子の配向を固定して得られる層である。本発明の光学フィルムの光反射層において、液晶分子は、光反射層の膜厚方向に螺旋構造を形成している。本明細書において、光反射層の膜厚方向に螺旋構造を形成しているとは、螺旋構造の螺旋軸が光反射層の法線方向であることを意味する。また、液晶分子は、15度~55度のチルト角を有する。
本発明の光学フィルムの光反射層は、具体的には、コレステリック液晶相における液晶分子が15度~55度のチルト角を有する構造が固定されて形成された層(コレステリック液晶相をチルトさせた相を固定した層)であればよい。または、本発明の光学フィルムの光反射層は、液晶分子が15度~55度のチルト角でキラルスメクチックC相を形成したものが固定された層であればよい。
光反射層の波長550nmでの斜めレターデーションの絶対値は0~100nmであることが好ましく、0~50nmであることがより好ましく、0~40nmであることがさらに好ましい。
本発明の光学フィルムの光反射層において液晶分子はチルト角が15度~55度の範囲である。本発明の光学フィルムが2層以上の光反射層を含む場合も、それぞれの光反射層において液晶分子はチルト角が15度~55度の範囲であればよい。本発明者らは、このチルト角で液晶分子が捩れた配向で層を形成すると、斜めレターデーションの絶対値がより小さい光反射層を与えることを見出した。上記チルト角は25度~45度の範囲が好ましく、30度~40度がより好ましく、35度が最も好ましい。また、光反射層が2層以上含まれる光学フィルムにおいてはそれぞれの層のチルト角が互いにプラスマイナス5度の範囲内であることが好ましい。この角度は、たとえばそれぞれの光反射層毎にチルト角を測定することで得られる。なお、上記の好ましいチルト角であれば斜めリタデーションの絶対値が波長によらず小さい値をとるため、光反射層の青、緑、赤の積層順が変わっても、斜めレターデーションの絶対値がより小さい光学フィルムを得ることができる。また、厚さ方向で捩れピッチが変化するピッチグラジエント層の場合でも、チルト角が上記の範囲内であれば、斜めレターデーションの絶対値がより小さい光学フィルムを得ることができる。
また、コレステリック液晶相に電圧印加させると螺旋軸に対して液晶分子のチルト角(ダイレクタの角度)が傾いた層状態を取る現象が知られている(チルトコレステリックあるいは斜めヘリコイダルコレステリック。R. B. Meyer , Appl. Phys. Lett. (1968) , 12 , 281 .、V. Borshch, et al, Nat. Commun. (2013) , 4 , 2635 .)。しかしチルト角を上記の所望の角度で配向を固定化する構造は従来公知の構造では発明者の知る限り知られていない。
本発明の光学フィルムの光反射層は螺旋構造の螺旋周期に応じた反射中心波長λを有する選択反射を示す。螺旋構造を形成した液晶分子を固定してなる光反射層は選択反射を示す波長域において、右円偏光または左円偏光のいずれか一方を選択的に反射させ、他方の円偏光を透過させる。反射中心波長λは、螺旋構造のピッチP(螺旋の周期)に依存し、光反射層の平均屈折率nとλ=n×Pの関係に従う。選択反射の半値幅ΔλはΔλが液晶化合物の複屈折Δnと上記ピッチPに依存し、Δλ=Δn×Pの関係に従う。そのため、この螺旋構造のピッチを調節することによって、円偏光選択反射を示す波長を調整できる。螺旋構造のピッチは重合性液晶化合物とともに用いるキラル剤の種類、またはその添加濃度に依存するため、これらを調整することによって所望のピッチを得ることができる。1つの光反射層内において、周期Pを膜厚方向に対して緩やかに変化させることで反射の帯域を広げてもよい。
光反射層は重合性液晶組成物を材料として作製することができる。重合性液晶組成物を基板等の表面に塗布等した後、乾燥や加熱により重合性液晶組成物中の液晶分子を配向させ、配向した液晶分子を硬化反応により固定して光反射層を作製することができる。
重合性液晶組成物は液晶化合物を含む、光反射層を形成するための重合性液晶組成物は、キラル剤、重合開始剤、配向助剤などのその他の成分を含有していてもよい。以下、重合性液晶組成物中の各成分について説明する。
なお、重合性液晶組成物の作製については、特開2013-203827号公報([0016]-[0148]記載)及び富士フイルム研究報告No.50(2005年)pp.60-63を参考することができる。
液晶化合物としては、棒状液晶化合物および円盤状液晶化合物が挙げられる。
棒状液晶化合物としては、アゾメチン類、アゾキシ類、シアノビフェニル類、シアノフェニルエステル類、安息香酸エステル類、シクロヘキサンカルボン酸フェニルエステル類、シアノフェニルシクロヘキサン類、シアノ置換フェニルピリミジン類、アルコキシ置換フェニルピリミジン類、フェニルジオキサン類、トラン類およびアルケニルシクロヘキシルベンゾニトリル類が好ましく用いられる。以上のような低分子液晶性分子だけではなく、高分子液晶性分子も用いることができる。
以下に、円盤状液晶化合物の好ましい例を示すが、本発明はこれらに限定されるものではない。
キラル剤は、螺旋周期を調整するための化合物であり、カイラル剤とも言う。本発明においては、公知の種々のキラル剤(例えば、液晶デバイスハンドブック、第3章4-3項、TN、STN用カイラル剤、199頁、日本学術振興会第一42委員会編、1989に記載)を用いることができる。キラル剤は、一般に不斉炭素原子を含むが、不斉炭素原子を含まない軸性不斉化合物あるいは面性不斉化合物もキラル剤として用いることができる。軸性不斉化合物または面性不斉化合物の例には、ビナフチル、ヘリセン、パラシクロファンおよびこれらの誘導体が含まれる。キラル剤は、重合性基を有していてもよい。キラル剤が重合性基を有するとともに、併用する棒状液晶化合物も重合性基を有する場合は、重合性基を有するキラル剤と重合性棒状液晶合物との重合反応により、棒状液晶化合物から誘導される繰り返し単位と、キラル剤から誘導される繰り返し単位とを有するポリマーを形成することができる。この態様では、重合性基を有するキラル剤が有する重合性基は、重合性棒状液晶化合物が有する重合性基と、同種の基であることが好ましい。従って、キラル剤の重合性基も、不飽和重合性基、エポキシ基又はアジリジニル基であることが好ましく、不飽和重合性基であることがさらに好ましく、エチレン性不飽和重合性基であることが特に好ましい。
強い捩れ力を示すキラル剤としては、例えば、特開2010-181852号公報、特開2003-287623号公報、特開2002-80851号公報、特開2002-80478号公報、特開2002-302487号公報に記載のキラル剤などが挙げられ、本発明に好ましく用いることができる。さらに、これらの公開公報に記載されているイソソルビド化合物類については対応する構造のイソマンニド化合物類を用いることもでき、これらの公報に記載されているイソマンニド化合物類については対応する構造のイソソルビド化合物類を用いることもできる。
重合開始剤の例には、α-カルボニル化合物(米国特許第2367661号、同2367670号の各明細書記載)、アシロインエーテル(米国特許第2448828号明細書記載)、α-炭化水素置換芳香族アシロイン化合物(米国特許第2722512号明細書記載)、多核キノン化合物(米国特許第3046127号、同2951758号の各明細書記載)、トリアリールイミダゾールダイマーとp-アミノフェニルケトンとの組み合わせ(米国特許第3549367号明細書記載)、アクリジンおよびフェナジン化合物(特開昭60-105667号公報、米国特許第4239850号明細書記載)およびオキサジアゾール化合物(米国特許第4212970号明細書記載)、アシルフォスフィンオキシド化合物(特公昭63-40799号公報、特公平5-29234号公報、特開平10-95788号公報、特開平10-29997号公報記載)等が挙げられる。
重合性液晶組成物は、溶媒を含んでいてもよい。各光反射層を形成するための組成物の溶媒としては、有機溶媒が好ましく用いられる。有機溶媒の例には、アミド(例、N、N-ジメチルホルムアミド)、スルホキシド(例、ジメチルスルホキシド)、ヘテロ環化合物(例、ピリジン)、炭化水素(例、ベンゼン、ヘキサン)、アルキルハライド(例、クロロホルム、ジクロロメタン)、エステル(例、酢酸メチル、酢酸ブチル)、ケトン(例、アセトン、メチルエチルケトン、シクロヘキサノン)、エーテル(例、テトラヒドロフラン、1、2-ジメトキシエタン)が含まれる。アルキルハライドおよびケトンが好ましい。二種類以上の有機溶媒を併用してもよい。
重合性液晶組成物の塗布は、重合性液晶組成物を溶媒により溶液状態としたり、加熱による溶融液等の液状物としたものを、ロールコーティング方式やグラビア印刷方式、スピンコート方式などの適宜な方式で展開する方法などにより行うことができる。さらにワイヤーバーコーティング法、押し出しコーティング法、ダイレクトグラビアコーティング法、リバースグラビアコーティング法、ダイコーティング法、等の種々の方法によって行うことができる。また、インクジェット装置を用いて、重合性液晶組成物をノズルから吐出して、塗布膜を形成することもできる。
例えば、重合性液晶組成物が、溶媒を含む塗布液として調製されている態様では、塗布膜を乾燥し、溶媒を除去することで、15度~55度のチルト角を有する液晶分子が螺旋構造を形成した状態にすることができる場合がある。また、コレステリック液晶相またはキラルスメクチックC相への転移温度での加熱を行ってもよい。例えば、一旦等方性相の温度まで加熱し、その後、コレステリック液晶相またはキラルスメクチックC相への転移温度まで冷却する等によって、安定的にコレステリック液晶相またはキラルスメクチックC相の状態にすることができる。前述の重合性液晶組成物の液晶相転移温度は、製造適性等の面から10~250℃の範囲内であることが好ましく、10~150℃の範囲内であることがより好ましい。10℃以上であると液晶相を呈する温度範囲にまで温度を下げるための冷却工程等が必要となりにくい。また200℃以下であると、一旦液晶相を呈する温度範囲よりもさらに高温の等方性液体状態にするための高温が不要であり、熱エネルギーの浪費、支持体の変形、変質等を防止することができる。
その後重合性液晶組成物の硬化により、液晶化合物の分子の、配向状態を維持して固定する。硬化は、液晶性分子に導入した重合性基の重合反応により実施することが好ましい。
重合反応には、熱重合開始剤を用いる熱重合反応と光重合開始剤を用いる光重合反応とが含まれる。光重合反応が好ましい。液晶性分子の重合のための光照射は、紫外線を用いることが好ましい。照射エネルギーは、20mJ/cm2~50J/cm2であることが好ましく、100~800mJ/cm2であることがさらに好ましい。光重合反応を促進するため、加熱条件下で光照射を実施してもよい。
また、雰囲気の酸素濃度は重合度に関与するため、空気中で所望の重合度に達せず、膜強度が不十分の場合には、窒素置換等の方法により、雰囲気中の酸素濃度を低下させることが好ましい。好ましい酸素濃度としては、10%以下が好ましく、7%以下がさらに好ましく、3%以下が最も好ましい。紫外線照射によって進行される硬化反応(例えば重合反応)の反応率は、層の機械的強度の保持等や未反応物が層から流出するのを抑える等の観点から、70%以上であることが好ましく、80%以上であることがより好ましく、90%以上であることがよりさらに好ましい。反応率を向上させるためには照射する紫外線の照射量を増大する方法や窒素雰囲気下あるいは加熱条件下での重合が効果的である。また、一旦重合させた後に、重合温度よりも高温状態で保持して熱重合反応によって反応をさらに推し進める方法や、再度紫外線を照射する方法を用いることもできる。反応率の測定は反応性基(例えば重合性基)の赤外振動スペクトルの吸収強度を、反応進行の前後で比較することによって行うことができる。
また、硬化後の液晶膜は延伸してもよい。
なお、光反射層の形成においては、上述のように、固定した液晶分子で構成される1ピッチ分の液晶層が積層されていてもよい。
光学フィルムは、支持体を含んでいてもよい。支持体は重合性組成物から形成された層を支持する層として機能できる。光学フィルムは、光反射層を製膜する際の支持体を含んでいなくてもよく、例えばガラスや透明フィルムを光反射層を製膜する際の支持体として用いて光反射層を形成した後、光反射層のみを製膜時の支持体から剥離してもよい。本明細書において、このように光反射層と剥離される支持体を仮支持体ということがある。上記のように、重合性液晶組成物を挟むために用いられる2つ目の支持体も仮支持体であってもよい。
また、支持体の厚さ方向のレターデーション(Rth)は-20~20nmが好ましく、-10~10nmがより好ましい。
光学フィルムが輝度向上フィルムである場合は、λ/4板が支持体として機能していてもよい。
本発明の光学フィルムには配向層が含まれていてもよい。
キラルスメクチックC相形成の際に用いられる支持体の表面には配向層が設けられていることが好ましい。支持体は光反射層の形成後、または1ピッチ分の液晶層の形成後などに剥離される仮支持体であってもよい。このとき、配向膜は仮支持体と一緒に剥離されてもよく、剥離されなくてもよい。
配向膜は、例えば特開2008-026891号公報に記載の液晶配向剤を含む配向膜や特開平10-096931号公報に記載の配向膜など、液晶分子に高チルト角を与える配向膜を用いることができる。
配向層の膜厚は、0.1~20μmの範囲にあることが好ましく、0.5~10μmの範囲にあることがより好ましい。
配向膜はラビング処理されていることが好ましい。
重合性液晶組成物が塗布される配向層、仮支持体、λ/4板、または光反射層の表面は、必要に応じてラビング処理をしてもよい。ラビング処理は、一般にはポリマーを主成分とする膜の表面を、紙や布で一定方向に擦ることにより実施することができる。ラビング処理の一般的な方法については、例えば、「液晶便覧」(丸善社発行、平成12年10月30日)に記載されている。
式(A) L=Nl(1+2πrn/60v)
式(A)中、Nはラビング回数、lはラビングローラーの接触長、rはローラーの半径、nはローラーの回転数(rpm)、vはステージ移動速度(秒速)である。
重合性液晶組成物を配向層が設けられた支持体(ガラス基板など)2枚で挟む際は、配向膜が重合性液晶組成物側になるように配置される。配向膜がラビング処理されている場合は、ラビング方向は平行になるようにすることが好ましい
光学フィルムは、各層の接着のために接着層を含んでいてもよい。
本明細書において、「接着」は「粘着」も含む概念で用いられる。
接着層に用いられる粘着剤としては、例えば、動的粘弾性測定装置で測定した貯蔵弾性率G’と損失弾性率G”との比(tanδ=G”/G’)が0.001~1.5である物質のことを表し、いわゆる、粘着剤やクリープしやすい物質等が含まれる。本発明に用いることのできる粘着剤としては、例えば、アクリル系粘着剤や、ポリビニルアルコール系接着剤が挙げられるが、これに限定されない。
後述の光学シート部材は、反射偏光子と、反射偏光子の偏光板側に隣接する層との屈折率の差が0.15以下であることが好ましく、0.10以下であることがより好ましく、0.05以下であることが特に好ましい。上述の反射偏光子の偏光板側に隣接する層としては、上述の接着層を挙げることができる。
本発明の光学フィルムは、λ/4板と組み合わせて輝度向上フィルムとして用いることができる。輝度向上フィルムの層構成の例を図1に示す。
輝度向上フィルムを液晶表示装置に組み込んだとき、輝度向上フィルムは、以下のメカニズムで液晶表示装置の輝度を向上させる。
輝度向上フィルム中の反射偏光子に含まれるコレステリック液晶相を固定してなる光反射層は、右円偏光または左円偏光の少なくとも一方(第一の偏光状態の円偏光)をその反射中心波長の近傍の波長帯域において反射し、他方(第二の偏光状態の円偏光)を透過させる。反射された第二の偏光状態の円偏光は、後述の反射部材(導光器、光共振器と言われることもある)によってその方向および偏光状態をランダム化され再循環され、反射偏光子によって再度第一の偏光状態の円偏光として一部が反射され、第二の偏光状態の円偏光として残りの一部が透過することによりバックライト側での光利用率を高め、液晶表示装置の明るさを向上させることができる。
反射偏光子から出射される光、すなわち反射偏光子の透過光および反射光の偏光状態は、例えばAxometrics社のAxoScanで偏光測定することで計測することができる。
光反射層は、輝度向上フィルムにおいて反射偏光子として機能する。反射偏光子は光反射層を少なくとも1層含み、光反射層を2層位以上含んでいることも好ましく、反射偏光子は光反射層を2~4層含んでいることがより好ましく、2~3層含んでいることがより好ましい。
本明細書において、反射偏光子の2層以上の光反射層について言及される場合、λ/4板側に最も近い光反射層を第一の光反射層と呼び、λ/4板側から順番に第一の光反射層、第二の光反射層、第三の光反射層等と呼ぶ。
なお、光反射層の斜めレターデーションとは、斜めにおける反射帯域の外側の波長域でのレターデーションの値のことである。例えば、正面で550nmを中心とした領域で選択反射がある反射層は、斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていき、極角60°になると選択反射領域は450nm付近にずれる。このとき、極角60°で、550nmで選択反射はないがレターデーションが発生し、これを斜めレターデーションとしている。
本発明の光学フィルムは、さらにλ/4板を含み輝度向上フィルムとして機能するものであってもよい。λ/4板は特定の波長λnmにおける面内レターデーションRe(λ)が、Re(λ)=λ/4を満たす光学異方性層のことをいう。λ/4板は輝度向上フィルムにおいて、反射偏光子を透過して得られる円偏光を直線偏光に変換するための層として機能する。
λ/4板は、下記式(A)~(C)を少なくともひとつ満たすことが好ましく、下記式(A)~(C)を全て満たすことがさらに好ましい。
式(A) 450nm/4-35nm<Re(450)<450nm/4+35nm
式(B) 550nm/4-35nm<Re(550)<550nm/4+35nm
式(C) 630nm/4-35nm<Re(630)<630nm/4+35nm
λ/4板のRth(550)は-70~70nmであることが好ましく、-40~40nmであることがより好ましく、-20~20nmであることが特に好ましい。
以下、λ/4板の材料、製造方法について詳細に説明する。
液晶化合物を含有する組成物から形成されたλ/4板の作製のための材料としては、後述の光反射層の作製のための重合性液晶組成物を用いることができる。ただし、λ/4板の作製のための重合性液晶組成物は、キラル剤を含まないことが好ましい。
輝度向上フィルムの作製方法としては、別途作製したλ/4板および光反射層を接着剤により貼り合わせてもよく、少なくとも1つの光反射層がλ/4板表面または他の光反射層表面に直接塗布されて形成されていてもよい。
光学シート部材は、輝度向上フィルムと偏光板とを有している。光学シート部材の層構成の一例を図2に示す。λ/4板の遅相軸と偏光子の吸収軸とのなす角が30~60°であり、偏光板、λ/4板および反射偏光子がこの順で直接接触して、または、接着層を介して積層することが好ましい。遅相軸とは、屈折率が最大となる方向を意味する。
光学シート部材は、偏光板保護フィルムを有していてもよい。偏光子と反射偏光子との間に偏光板保護フィルムを有さない場合は、偏光子に直接または接着剤を介して、反射偏光子が設けられていてもよい。λ/4板が偏光板保護膜を兼ねていてもよく、また、偏光板保護膜が積層で実現するλ/4板の一部を兼ねてもいてもよい。
この保護フィルムのうち、液晶セルと反対側に配置される保護フィルムとしては、透明性、機械的強度、熱安定性、水分遮断性、等方性等に優れる熱可塑性樹脂が用いられる。この様な熱可塑性樹脂の具体例としては、トリアセチルセルロース等のセルロース樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、環状ポリオレフィン樹脂(ノルボルネン系樹脂)、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
偏光板は、偏光子のみからなるものであってもよいが、偏光板は偏光子及びその少なくとも片面を保護する偏光板保護フィルムで構成されていることが好ましい。偏光子およびその両側に配置された二枚の偏光板保護フィルム(以下、保護フィルムとも言う)からなることも好ましい
偏光子としては、ポリマーフィルムにヨウ素が吸着配向されたものを用いることが好ましい。ポリマーフィルムとしては、特に限定されず各種のものを使用できる。例えば、ポリビニルアルコール系フィルム、ポリエチレンテレフタレート系フィルム、エチレン・酢酸ビニル共重合体系フィルムや、これらの部分ケン化フィルム、セルロース系フィルム等の親水性高分子フィルムに、ポリビニルアルコールの脱水処理物やポリ塩化ビニルの脱塩酸処理物等ポリエン系配向フィルム等が挙げられる。これらの中でも、偏光子としてのヨウ素による染色性に優れたポリビニルアルコール系フィルムを用いることが好ましい。
偏光子の厚さとしては、通常は5~80μm、好ましくは5~50μm、より好ましくは、5~25μmである。
偏光板保護フィルムとしては、透明性、機械的強度、熱安定性、水分遮断性、等方性等に優れる熱可塑性樹脂が用いられる。この様な熱可塑性樹脂の具体例としては、トリアセチルセルロース等のセルロース樹脂、ポリエステル樹脂、ポリエーテルスルホン樹脂、ポリスルホン樹脂、ポリカーボネート樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、ポリオレフィン樹脂、(メタ)アクリル樹脂、環状ポリオレフィン樹脂(ノルボルネン系樹脂)、ポリアリレート樹脂、ポリスチレン樹脂、ポリビニルアルコール樹脂、及びこれらの混合物が挙げられる。
本発明の光学フィルムは、例えば、輝度向上フィルムまたは光学シート部材として液晶表示装置の構成部材とすることができる。
液晶表示装置は、表示側偏光板と液晶セルとバックライト側偏光板とバックライトユニットとをこの順で有する。輝度向上フィルムは、バックライト側偏光板とバックライトユニットとの間に配置されていればよい。
液晶表示装置の一実施形態は、対向する少なくとも一方に電極を設けた基板間に駆動液晶層を挟持した液晶セルを有し、この液晶セルは2枚の偏光板の間に配置して構成されている構成である。液晶表示装置は、上下基板間に液晶が封入された液晶セルを備え、電圧印加により液晶の配向状態を変化させて画像の表示を行うことができる。さらに必要に応じて、偏光板保護フィルムや、視野角補償のための位相差フィルムを有していてもよい。視野角補償のための位相差フィルムは偏光子のそれぞれと液晶セルとの間に含まれていればよい。また、液晶表示装置は、例えば、カラーフィルター基板、薄層トランジスタ基板、レンズフィルム、拡散シート、ハードコート層、反射防止層、低反射層、アンチグレア層等とともに(又はそれに替えて)、前方散乱層、プライマー層、帯電防止層、下塗り層等の他の部材を含んでいてもよい。
なお、図3において、輝度向上フィルムの構成は一例であり、例えば、液晶表示装置に適用する輝度向上フィルムは図3に記載の例に限定されない。
光学フィルム(輝度向上フィルムまたは光学シート部材)は、液晶表示装置において、バックライトユニットと組み合わせて用いることができる。バックライトユニットは、430~500nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する青色光と、500~600nmの波長帯域に発光中心波長を有する緑色光と、600~700nmの波長帯域に発光強度のピークの少なくとも一部を有する赤色光とを発光する光源を備えていればよい。
上述のバックライトユニットは、上述の光源の後部に、上述の光源から発光されて上述の輝度向上フィルムまたは上述の光学シート部材で反射された光の偏光状態の変換および反射をする反射部材を備えることも好ましい。
バックライトの光源は、上述の青色光を発光する青色発光ダイオードと、上述の青色発光ダイオードの上述の青色光が入射したときに上述の緑色光と上述の赤色光を発光する蛍光材料を含む波長変換部材を有することが好ましい。
なお、バックライトの光源としては、上述の青色光を発光する青色発光ダイオードと、上述の緑色光を発光する緑色発光ダイオードと、上述の赤色光を発光する赤色発光ダイオードとを用いてもよい。
バックライトの光源は、白色LED(Light Emitting Diode:発光ダイオード)などの白色光源であってもよい。
液晶表示装置は、上述の青色光を発光する青色発光ダイオードと、上述の青色発光ダイオードの上述の青色光が入射したときに上述の緑色光と上述の赤色光を発光する蛍光材料が量子ドット部材(例えば、量子ドットシートやバー形状の量子ドットバー)であり、量子ドット部材が光学シート部材と青色光源の間に配置されたことが好ましい。このような量子ドット部材としては特に制限は無く、公知のものを用いることができるが、例えば特開2012-169271号公報、SID’12 DIGEST p.895、などに記載されており、これらの文献の内容は本発明に組み込まれる。また、このような量子ドットシートとしては、QDEF(Quantum Dot Enhancement Film、ナノシス社製)を用いることができる。
バックライトユニットが発光する青色光が、半値幅が80nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましく、半値幅が70nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することがより好ましく、半値幅が30nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが特に好ましい。
バックライトユニットが発光する緑色光が、半値幅が80nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましく、半値幅が70nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することがより好ましく、半値幅が60nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが特に好ましい。
バックライトユニットが発光する赤色光が、半値幅が80nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが好ましく、半値幅が70nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することがより好ましく、半値幅が60nm以下である発光強度のピークを有することが特に好ましい。
一方、赤色光に関しては0~75nmであることが斜め色味変化を抑制する観点で好ましく、0~50nmであることがより好ましく、10~30nmであることが更に好ましい。
輝度向上フィルムの最外層の光反射層とバックライトユニットとの間には、光の偏光状態を変化させる層を配置することが、好ましい。光の偏光状態を変化させる層が光反射層から反射された光の偏光状態を変化させる層として機能し、輝度を向上させ、色味変化を小さくし、塗布ムラを緩和することができるからである。光の偏光状態を変化させる層の例としては、空気層より屈折率が高いポリマー層が挙げられ、空気層より屈折率が高いポリマー層の例としては、ハードコート(HC)処理層、アンチグレア(AG)処理層、低反射(AR)処理層などの各種低反射層、トリアセチルセルロース(TAC)フィルム、アクリル樹脂フィルム、シクロオレフィンポリマー(COP)樹脂フィルム、延伸PETフィルム等が挙げられる。光の偏光状態を変化させる層は支持体を兼ねていてもよい。光反射層から反射された光の偏光状態を変化させる層の平均屈折率と、最外層の光反射層の平均屈折率の関係は、
0<|光の偏光状態を変化させる層の平均屈折率-最外層の光反射層の平均屈折率|<0.4であることがさらに好ましく
0<|光の偏光状態を変化させる層の平均屈折率-最外層の光反射層の平均屈折率|<0.2がより好ましい。
光の偏光状態を変化させる層は輝度向上フィルムと一体化していてもよく、輝度向上フィルムとは別に設けられていてもよい。
なお、本実施例での、液晶膜の光学特性の測定はAxometrics社のポラリメーターAxoScanを用いて行った。また、液晶分子のチルト角はJpn. J. Appl. Phys. 48 (2009) 03B021 に記載の方法を参考に、Axometrics社のポラリメーターAxoScanの測定値を用いて求めた。
[配向膜の調製]
光反射層に用いるコレステリック液晶を一様に配向させるために、配向膜を設けたガラス基板(支持体)を作製した。配向膜は、特開平10-096931号公報の実施例7を参照して以下の方法で作製した。
以下各成分を混合し、下記組成の塗布液を調製し、コレステリック液晶性混合物(R1)とした。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
コレステリック液晶性混合物R1の組成
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
・下記化合物11 80質量部
・下記化合物12 20質量部
・下記右旋回性キラル剤LC756(BASF社製) 4.4質量部
・重合開始剤IRGACURE819(BASF社製) 3質量部
・重合禁止剤 4-メトキシフェノール 0.1質量部
・溶媒(メチルエチルケトン) 溶質濃度が30質量%となる量
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
特開2000-310780号公報に記載の方法を参考に、塗布膜にさらにガラス基板を重ねる作製方法を用いて光反射層を形成した。コレステリック液晶性混合物R1を、上記配向膜を設けたガラス基板の配向膜表面にスピンコート法で塗布した。その後、70℃で1分加熱し溶媒を除去した。この塗布面に上記配向膜を設けたガラス基板を配向膜の面が塗布面側になるように重ねあわせた。このとき、コレステリック液晶性混合物R1塗布量の調製および基板の重ねあわせは、コレステリック液晶性混合物から形成される層の膜厚が290nmになるように行った。また、2枚のガラス基板の配向膜のラビング方向は平行になる様にした。重ねあわせは70℃に加熱しながら行った。
得られた液晶膜も上記と同様の方法で観察および測定した。電子顕微鏡で断面を観察すると1ピッチ捩れに対応した構造が観測された。AxoScan測定で正面方向では550nmを中心とした領域で選択反射が認められ、また斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていき、極角60°になると選択反射領域は450nm付近にずれていった。極角60°で選択反射領域を外した領域の550nmでのレターデーションは略0になっており、算出したチルト角は35度であった。同一の液晶膜を8枚形成し、これらをそれぞれガラス基板から(配向膜と液晶膜との間で)剥離して8枚積層し、8ピッチ分のコレステリック液晶層である第二の光反射層を作製した。光学特性を測定したところ、正面方向では550nmを中心に選択反射が認められ550nmにおける反射率は略50%であった。また。極角60°での550nmのレターデーションは略0であり、算出したチルト角は35度であった。
得られたコレステリック単膜も上記と同様の方法で観察および測定した。電子顕微鏡で断面を観察すると1ピッチ捩れに対応した構造が観測された。AxoScan測定で正面方向では650nmを中心とした領域で選択反射が認められ、また斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていき、極角60°になると選択反射領域は550nm付近にずれていった。極角60°で選択反射領域を外した領域の650nmでのレターデーションは略0になっており、算出したチルト角は35度であった。同一の液晶膜を8枚形成し、これらをそれぞれガラス基板から(配向膜と液晶膜との間で)剥離して8枚積層し、8ピッチ分のコレステリック液晶層である第三の光反射層を作製した。光学特性を測定したところ、正面方向では650nmを中心に選択反射が認められ650nmにおける反射率は略50%であった。また。極角60°での650nmのレターデーションは略0であり、算出したチルト角は35度であった。
実施例1と同様に、プレチルト角(配向膜表面の光反射層中の液晶分子のチルト角)が5°(比較例)15°、25°、45°、55°になる様に第一の光反射層、第二の光反射層および第三の光反射層を作製した。
配向膜のプレチルト角は、実施例1との配向膜の形成において、プラズマ処理時間を変化させることで、調整した。具体的には、5°はプラズマ処理を行わず、15°は0.5分、25°は1.5分、45°は5分、55°は8分のプラズマ処理を行うことで作製した。
液晶性混合物の調整および光反射層の形成は実施例1と同様に作製した。上記方法で測定した各層の斜めレターデーションは表1に示すとおりである。
実施例1~5および比較例1の光反射層を用いて、輝度向上フィルムを作製した。λ/4板に富士フイルム株式会社製の“QLフィルム”を用いた。フィルムのRe(550)=125nm、Rth(550)=1nmであった。
これに上記の第一、第二、第三の光反射層を積層貼合し、反射偏光子を形成した。貼合の際は粘着剤として総研化学社製SK2057を用いた。
<偏光板の作製>
バックライト側偏光板のフロント側偏光板保護フィルムとして市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「Zタック」(富士フイルム株式会社製)を用いた。
バックライト側偏光板のリア側偏光板保護フィルムとして市販のセルロースアシレート系フィルム「Zタック」(富士フイルム株式会社製)を用いた。
特開2006-293275号公報の[0219]と同様にして、偏光子を製造し、上記2枚の偏光板保護フィルムを偏光子の両面にそれぞれ貼り合わせて、偏光板を製造した。
また、得られた偏光板と反射偏光子を上記粘着剤で貼りあわせて光学シート部材とした。貼りあわせる際には、反射偏光子のQLフィルム側と偏光板が向き合うように貼りあわせた。
<液晶表示装置の製造>
市販の液晶表示装置(パナソニック社製、商品名TH-L42D2)を分解し、バックライト側偏光板を比較例および実施例の光学シート部材に変更し、比較例および実施例の液晶表示装置を製造した。
作製した光学シート部材(液晶表示装置)を以下の基準で評価した。
(斜め色味)
液晶表示装置の斜め色味変化Δu’v’を以下の方法で評価した。色味座標u’、v’の値を正面(極角0度)と極角60度方向で差分をとった色味色差Δu’v’を方位角0~360度方向で測定し、その平均値を斜め色味変化Δu’v’の評価指標とした。色味座標u’v’の測定には測定機(EZ-Contrast160D、ELDIM社製)を用いた。その結果をもとに、以下の基準で評価した。
A:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め色味変化よりも40%以上少なく、良好である。
B:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め色味変化よりも25%以上、40%未満少なく、良好
C:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め色味変化よりも10%以上、25%未満少なく、良好
D:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め色味変化と同等以下である。
液晶表示装置の斜め輝度を以下の方法で評価した。輝度の値を極角60度方向で方位角0~360度方向で測定し、その平均値を斜め輝度の評価指標とした。輝度の測定には測定機(EZ-Contrast160D、ELDIM社製)を用いた。その結果をもとに、以下の基準で評価した。
A:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め輝度よりも30%以上高く、良好である。
B:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め輝度よりも20%以上、30%未満高く、良好である。
C:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め輝度よりも10%以上、20%未満高く、良好である。
D:比較例1の液晶表示装置の斜め輝度と同等以下である。
[配向膜の調製]
光反射層に用いるキラルスメクチックC液晶を一様に配向させるために、配向膜を設けたガラス基板を作製した。ガラス基板(コーニング社 EAGLE)表面に、配向膜として日産化学株式会社製のSE-4811を印刷し、ホットプレートを用いて80℃で1分間、さらにN2オーブン中で200℃、30分間焼成した。配向膜の厚さは50nmであった。
以下各成分を混合し、下記組成の塗布液を調製し、コレステリック液晶性混合物(R11)とした。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
キラルスメクチックC液晶性混合物R11
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
・化合物21 67質量部
・化合物22 33質量部
・右旋回性キラル剤23 2.8質量部
・重合開始剤IRGACURE819(BASF社製) 3質量部
・重合禁止剤 4-メトキシフェノール 0.1質量部
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
まず、第一の光反射層を形成した。セルは配向膜の面が内側になるように対向させた。このとき、キラルスメクチックC液晶性混合物から形成される層の膜厚が2.3μmになるようにした。対向させたセルの隙間にキラルスメクチックC液晶性混合物R11を、上記配向膜を設けたガラス基板を対向させて作製したセルに注入した。次にセルを120度の温度に上げた後、0.1度/分で冷却して室温まで温度を下げた。
次に、第一の光反射層の光学特性を測定した。正面方向では450nmを中心とした領域で選択反射が認められ、450nmにおける反射率は略50%であった。また斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていき、極角60°になると選択反射領域は可視光よりも短波の領域にずれていった。第一の光反射層のレターデーション測定値を用いシンテック社の光学シミュレータを用いてチルト角を算出したところ、チルト角は45度であった。
得られた第二の光反射層も上記と同様の方法で観察および測定した。電子顕微鏡で断面を観察すると8ピッチ捩れに対応した構造が観測された。AxoScan測定で正面方向では550nmを中心とした領域で選択反射が認められ、また斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていき、極角60°になると選択反射領域は450nm付近にずれていった。光学特性を測定したところ、正面方向では550nmを中心に選択反射が認められ550nmにおける反射率は略50%であった。また、算出したチルト角は45度であった。
得られた第三の光反射層も上記と同様の方法で観察および測定した。電子顕微鏡で断面を観察すると8ピッチ捩れに対応した構造が観測された。AxoScan測定で正面方向では650nmを中心とした領域で選択反射が認められ、また斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていき、極角60°になると選択反射領域は550nm付近にずれていった。光学特性を測定したところ、正面方向では650nmを中心に選択反射が認められ550nmにおける反射率は略50%であった。また、算出したチルト角は45度であった。
[光反射層の形成]
実施例11の第一の光反射層形成用液晶性混合物のカイラル剤の濃度を2.5質量%に、層厚を2.6μmに変更した以外は実施例11と同様に液晶膜を作製した。この液晶膜をガラス基板から剥離し、更にこの液晶膜を二軸延伸機を用いて面内のx軸およびy軸方向にそれぞれ20%ずつ延伸し、新たに第一の光反射層とした。得られた第一の光反射層を電子顕微鏡で断面を観察すると8ピッチ捩れに対応した構造が観測された。AxoScan測定で正面方向では450nmを中心とした領域で選択反射が認められ、また斜め方向では選択反射の中心波長が短波側にずれていった。光学特性を測定したところ、正面方向では450nmを中心に選択反射が認められ450nmにおける反射率は略50%であった。また。極角60°での50nmのレターデーションは略0であり、また、算出したチルト角は35度であった。
[チルトコレステリック液晶性混合物(R21)の調製]
以下各成分を混合し、下記組成の塗布液を調製し、チルトコレステリック液晶性混合物(R21)とした。
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
チルトコレステリック液晶性混合物R21の組成
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
・下記化合物31 30質量部
・下記化合物32 20質量部
・下記化合物33 46質量部
・下記右旋回性キラル剤S811(Merck社製) 6.7質量部
・下記化合物11 5質量部
・重合開始剤IRGACURE819(BASF社製) 0.2質量部
――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――――
10 支持体
11 輝度向上フィルム
12 λ/4板
13 反射偏光子
14a 第一の光反射層
14b 第二の光反射層
14c 第三の光反射層
15 偏光子
16 偏光板保護フィルム
20 接着層(粘着剤)
21 光学シート部材
31 バックライトユニット
41 薄層トランジスタ基板
42 液晶セル
43 カラーフィルター基板
44 表示側偏光板
51 液晶表示装置
Claims (18)
- 光反射層を含む光学フィルムであって、
前記光反射層は液晶分子の配向を固定した層であり、
前記液晶分子は前記光反射層の膜厚方向に螺旋構造を形成しており、
前記液晶分子のチルト角が15度~55度である光学フィルム。 - 前記チルト角が25度~45度である請求項1に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記チルト角が30度~40度である請求項1に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記チルト角が35度である請求項1に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光反射層が、液晶化合物およびキラル剤を含む重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光反射層として、青色光を反射する光反射層、緑色光を反射する光反射層および赤色光を反射する光反射層を含む請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光反射層がコレステリック液晶相をチルトさせた相を固定した層である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 前記光反射層はキラルスメクチックC相を固定した層である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
- λ/4板を含む請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。
- 偏光板、λ/4板を含み、
前記偏光板、前記λ/4板および前記光反射層がこの順で積層している請求項1~9のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルム。 - 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムを含む液晶表示装置。
- 請求項1~10のいずれか一項に記載の光学フィルムの製造方法であって、
支持体および別の支持体で挟まれている液晶化合物およびキラル剤を含む重合性液晶組成物を硬化することを含む方法により前記光反射層を形成することを含む製造方法。 - 前記支持体が配向膜を有し、前記配向膜が前記重合性液晶組成物に接している請求項12に記載の製造方法。
- 前記別の支持体が配向膜を有し、前記配向膜が前記重合性液晶組成物に接している請求項12または13に記載の製造方法。
- 前記硬化により得られる重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層を2~20層積層することを含む請求項12~14のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 前記積層が、互いに接触させ、加熱圧着することにより行われる請求項15に記載の製造方法。
- 前記硬化により得られる重合性液晶組成物を硬化した層を延伸することを含む請求項12~16のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
- 電圧印加されている前記重合性液晶組成物に前記硬化を行う請求項12~17のいずれか一項に記載の製造方法。
Priority Applications (4)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| CN201680004990.3A CN107111042B (zh) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-01-08 | 光学膜及液晶显示装置以及光学膜的制造方法 |
| JP2016568749A JPWO2016111341A1 (ja) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-01-08 | 光学フィルムおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに光学フィルムの製造方法 |
| KR1020177017755A KR101882636B1 (ko) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-01-08 | 광학 필름 및 액정 표시 장치, 그리고 광학 필름의 제조 방법 |
| US15/639,809 US10495791B2 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2017-06-30 | Optical film, liquid crystal display device, and manufacturing method of optical film |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| JP2015003129 | 2015-01-09 | ||
| JP2015-003129 | 2015-01-09 |
Related Child Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US15/639,809 Continuation US10495791B2 (en) | 2015-01-09 | 2017-06-30 | Optical film, liquid crystal display device, and manufacturing method of optical film |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| WO2016111341A1 true WO2016111341A1 (ja) | 2016-07-14 |
Family
ID=56356026
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2016/050426 Ceased WO2016111341A1 (ja) | 2015-01-09 | 2016-01-08 | 光学フィルムおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに光学フィルムの製造方法 |
Country Status (5)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US10495791B2 (ja) |
| JP (2) | JPWO2016111341A1 (ja) |
| KR (1) | KR101882636B1 (ja) |
| CN (1) | CN107111042B (ja) |
| WO (1) | WO2016111341A1 (ja) |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2018062424A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学素子、光学素子の製造方法および液晶表示装置 |
| WO2018159757A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 反射層の製造方法 |
| JPWO2019182052A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-03-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | コレステリック液晶層の製造方法、コレステリック液晶層、液晶組成物、硬化物、光学異方体、反射層 |
| JP2022099613A (ja) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学異方性層、光学フィルム、円偏光板および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置 |
| US11634638B2 (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2023-04-25 | Fujifilm Corporation | Liquid crystal composition, reflective layer, method for producing reflective layer, and copolymer |
| JP2023521536A (ja) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-05-25 | メタ プラットフォームズ テクノロジーズ, リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 中間プレチルト角を有する光学異方性分子を含む光デバイス |
Families Citing this family (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102439084B1 (ko) * | 2017-08-29 | 2022-09-02 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 표시 장치의 제조 방법 |
| CN111344610B (zh) * | 2017-10-11 | 2021-12-07 | 富士胶片株式会社 | 反射片、装饰片及反射片的制造方法 |
| CN109825309B (zh) | 2017-11-23 | 2022-03-11 | 江苏集萃智能液晶科技有限公司 | 一种液晶组合物及其调光器件 |
| US10598982B2 (en) * | 2017-12-27 | 2020-03-24 | Huizhou China Star Optoelectronics Technology Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal display screen |
| JP7398868B2 (ja) * | 2018-02-14 | 2023-12-15 | 住友化学株式会社 | 組成物 |
| CN108646335A (zh) * | 2018-05-07 | 2018-10-12 | 深圳市唯酷光电有限公司 | 多层胆甾醇型液晶薄膜及其制备方法 |
| JPWO2020203574A1 (ja) * | 2019-03-29 | 2020-10-08 | ||
| CN110231731B (zh) * | 2019-05-16 | 2021-07-23 | 武汉华星光电技术有限公司 | 薄膜晶体管液晶显示器及其制造方法 |
| CN115119432B (zh) * | 2021-03-18 | 2025-07-11 | Oppo广东移动通信有限公司 | 壳体及其制作方法、电子设备 |
| WO2025239242A1 (ja) * | 2024-05-14 | 2025-11-20 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 積層体、成形体の製造方法 |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003248119A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光選択膜、ならびにそれを用いた偏光選択性光学フィルム、偏光形成方法、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2004020943A (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光選択膜、偏光形成方法、偏光形成装置、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2004020944A (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光選択膜、偏光選択性光学フィルム、偏光形成方法、偏光形成装置、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2013200441A (ja) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光走査装置及び画像形成装置 |
| JP2014174468A (ja) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-22 | Fujifilm Corp | 円偏光層、円偏光層の積層体、メガネおよび3d画像鑑賞システム |
Family Cites Families (20)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS518660A (ja) | 1974-07-12 | 1976-01-23 | Ryozo Kumagai | Denshijaa |
| JPH01133003A (ja) | 1987-11-18 | 1989-05-25 | Sumitomo Chem Co Ltd | 偏光板 |
| US6061108A (en) | 1997-01-24 | 2000-05-09 | Sharp Kabushiki Kaisha | Broadband cholesteric polarizer and an optical device employing the same |
| JP2000310780A (ja) | 1999-04-27 | 2000-11-07 | Nippon Mitsubishi Oil Corp | 液晶フィルムの製造方法、液晶フィルム及び光学素子 |
| JP2001100036A (ja) * | 1999-09-29 | 2001-04-13 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 位相差板、楕円偏光板、円偏光分離素子および液晶表示装置 |
| EP1170353B1 (en) * | 2000-07-06 | 2005-11-02 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal composition comprising liquid crystal molecules and aligment promoter |
| US6952252B2 (en) * | 2001-10-02 | 2005-10-04 | Fujitsu Display Technologies Corporation | Substrate for liquid crystal display and liquid crystal display utilizing the same |
| DE60205942T2 (de) * | 2001-12-12 | 2006-05-18 | Merck Patent Gmbh | Biaxial film |
| JP3852342B2 (ja) * | 2002-01-28 | 2006-11-29 | セイコーエプソン株式会社 | 反射板、反射板の製造方法、液晶装置、電子機器 |
| US6911238B2 (en) * | 2002-02-27 | 2005-06-28 | Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. | Liquid crystal compositions, polarization selective membranes and liquid crystal displays |
| JP2004302388A (ja) * | 2003-04-01 | 2004-10-28 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | 光学素子 |
| JP2008181111A (ja) * | 2006-12-27 | 2008-08-07 | Fujifilm Corp | 偏光板及びその製造方法 |
| JP5156894B2 (ja) * | 2007-09-13 | 2013-03-06 | 独立行政法人物質・材料研究機構 | 液晶配向剤、液晶配向膜及びその製造方法、並びに液晶表示素子 |
| JP5259501B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-11 | 2013-08-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 赤外光反射板、赤外光反射性合わせガラス、並びにコレステリック液晶層を有する積層体及び合わせガラス |
| JP5565411B2 (ja) * | 2009-06-25 | 2014-08-06 | Jnc株式会社 | 光配向した液晶性ポリイミドによる位相差膜及び光学素子 |
| US8730435B2 (en) * | 2009-07-17 | 2014-05-20 | Jnc Corporation | Liquid crystal display device having retardation film formed of liquid crystalline polyimide having photoreactive group |
| JP2011075927A (ja) * | 2009-09-30 | 2011-04-14 | Fujifilm Corp | 光学フィルムとその製造方法、偏光板、光学補償フィルムおよび液晶表示装置 |
| JP2011128584A (ja) * | 2009-10-16 | 2011-06-30 | Fujifilm Corp | 位相差フィルム、偏光板及び液晶表示装置 |
| JP5427595B2 (ja) * | 2009-12-25 | 2014-02-26 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 捩れ配向モード液晶表示装置 |
| JP5876801B2 (ja) * | 2011-09-30 | 2016-03-02 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学フィルム、液晶表示装置、転写材、及び光学フィルムの製造方法 |
-
2016
- 2016-01-08 KR KR1020177017755A patent/KR101882636B1/ko active Active
- 2016-01-08 WO PCT/JP2016/050426 patent/WO2016111341A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2016-01-08 CN CN201680004990.3A patent/CN107111042B/zh active Active
- 2016-01-08 JP JP2016568749A patent/JPWO2016111341A1/ja active Pending
-
2017
- 2017-06-30 US US15/639,809 patent/US10495791B2/en active Active
-
2018
- 2018-12-27 JP JP2018243911A patent/JP6730416B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JP2003248119A (ja) * | 2002-02-27 | 2003-09-05 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光選択膜、ならびにそれを用いた偏光選択性光学フィルム、偏光形成方法、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2004020943A (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光選択膜、偏光形成方法、偏光形成装置、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2004020944A (ja) * | 2002-06-17 | 2004-01-22 | Fuji Photo Film Co Ltd | 偏光選択膜、偏光選択性光学フィルム、偏光形成方法、偏光形成装置、偏光板および液晶表示装置 |
| JP2013200441A (ja) * | 2012-03-26 | 2013-10-03 | Ricoh Co Ltd | 光走査装置及び画像形成装置 |
| JP2014174468A (ja) * | 2013-03-12 | 2014-09-22 | Fujifilm Corp | 円偏光層、円偏光層の積層体、メガネおよび3d画像鑑賞システム |
Cited By (15)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| KR102140552B1 (ko) * | 2016-09-30 | 2020-08-04 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 광학 소자, 광학 소자의 제조 방법 및 액정 표시 장치 |
| WO2018062424A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2018-04-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学素子、光学素子の製造方法および液晶表示装置 |
| JPWO2018062424A1 (ja) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-02-28 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学素子、光学素子の製造方法および液晶表示装置 |
| KR20190040330A (ko) * | 2016-09-30 | 2019-04-17 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 광학 소자, 광학 소자의 제조 방법 및 액정 표시 장치 |
| KR102183403B1 (ko) * | 2017-03-02 | 2020-11-26 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 반사층의 제조 방법 |
| JPWO2018159757A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-02 | 2019-11-14 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 反射層の製造方法 |
| WO2018159757A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-02 | 2018-09-07 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 反射層の製造方法 |
| KR20190088533A (ko) * | 2017-03-02 | 2019-07-26 | 후지필름 가부시키가이샤 | 반사층의 제조 방법 |
| US11634638B2 (en) * | 2017-10-02 | 2023-04-25 | Fujifilm Corporation | Liquid crystal composition, reflective layer, method for producing reflective layer, and copolymer |
| JP7034257B2 (ja) | 2018-03-23 | 2022-03-11 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | コレステリック液晶層の製造方法、コレステリック液晶層、液晶組成物、硬化物、光学異方体、反射層 |
| JPWO2019182052A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-23 | 2021-03-25 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | コレステリック液晶層の製造方法、コレステリック液晶層、液晶組成物、硬化物、光学異方体、反射層 |
| US11579507B2 (en) | 2018-03-23 | 2023-02-14 | Fujifilm Corporation | Method for producing cholesteric liquid crystal layer, cholesteric liquid crystal layer, liquid crystal composition, cured product, optically anisotropic body, and reflective layer |
| JP2023521536A (ja) * | 2020-04-15 | 2023-05-25 | メタ プラットフォームズ テクノロジーズ, リミテッド ライアビリティ カンパニー | 中間プレチルト角を有する光学異方性分子を含む光デバイス |
| JP2022099613A (ja) * | 2020-12-23 | 2022-07-05 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学異方性層、光学フィルム、円偏光板および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置 |
| JP7602367B2 (ja) | 2020-12-23 | 2024-12-18 | 富士フイルム株式会社 | 光学異方性層、光学フィルム、円偏光板および有機エレクトロルミネッセンス表示装置 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP2019079064A (ja) | 2019-05-23 |
| US20170299785A1 (en) | 2017-10-19 |
| JPWO2016111341A1 (ja) | 2017-10-19 |
| US10495791B2 (en) | 2019-12-03 |
| CN107111042B (zh) | 2020-11-10 |
| KR101882636B1 (ko) | 2018-07-26 |
| JP6730416B2 (ja) | 2020-07-29 |
| KR20170086648A (ko) | 2017-07-26 |
| CN107111042A (zh) | 2017-08-29 |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| JP6730416B2 (ja) | 光学フィルムおよび液晶表示装置、ならびに光学フィルムの製造方法 | |
| US10663800B2 (en) | Optical sheet member and image display device using same | |
| JP6277088B2 (ja) | 輝度向上フィルム、光学シート部材および液晶表示装置 | |
| JP6321052B2 (ja) | 輝度向上フィルム、光学シート部材および液晶表示装置 | |
| JP6441899B2 (ja) | 組成物、光反射膜、輝度向上フィルム、バックライトユニット及び液晶表示装置 | |
| US10605971B2 (en) | Optical element, method of manufacturing optical element, and liquid crystal display device | |
| JP6262351B2 (ja) | フィルム、フィルムの製造方法、輝度向上フィルム、光学シート部材および液晶表示装置 | |
| JP6303006B2 (ja) | 輝度向上フィルムの転写材料、転写材料の作製方法、輝度向上フィルム、転写材料を用いた光学シート部材の製造方法、および光学シート部材 | |
| JP2017068111A (ja) | 偏光板および液晶表示装置 | |
| WO2017057316A1 (ja) | 光学フィルム、輝度向上フィルム、輝度向上フィルム付きバックライトユニット及び液晶表示装置 | |
| JP6321210B2 (ja) | 液晶表示装置 |
Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 121 | Ep: the epo has been informed by wipo that ep was designated in this application |
Ref document number: 16735080 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 20177017755 Country of ref document: KR Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| ENP | Entry into the national phase |
Ref document number: 2016568749 Country of ref document: JP Kind code of ref document: A |
|
| NENP | Non-entry into the national phase |
Ref country code: DE |
|
| 122 | Ep: pct application non-entry in european phase |
Ref document number: 16735080 Country of ref document: EP Kind code of ref document: A1 |