WO2016017825A1 - 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス - Google Patents
合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016017825A1 WO2016017825A1 PCT/JP2015/072004 JP2015072004W WO2016017825A1 WO 2016017825 A1 WO2016017825 A1 WO 2016017825A1 JP 2015072004 W JP2015072004 W JP 2015072004W WO 2016017825 A1 WO2016017825 A1 WO 2016017825A1
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- Prior art keywords
- laminated glass
- interlayer film
- light emitting
- emitting layer
- weight
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C03—GLASS; MINERAL OR SLAG WOOL
- C03C—CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF GLASSES, GLAZES OR VITREOUS ENAMELS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF GLASS; SURFACE TREATMENT OF FIBRES OR FILAMENTS MADE FROM GLASS, MINERALS OR SLAGS; JOINING GLASS TO GLASS OR OTHER MATERIALS
- C03C27/00—Joining pieces of glass to pieces of other inorganic material; Joining glass to glass other than by fusing
- C03C27/06—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing
- C03C27/10—Joining glass to glass by processes other than fusing with the aid of adhesive specially adapted for that purpose
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10541—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing comprising a light source or a light guide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10559—Shape of the cross-section
- B32B17/10568—Shape of the cross-section varying in thickness
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10651—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer comprising colorants, e.g. dyes or pigments
- B32B17/10669—Luminescent agents
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10688—Adjustment of the adherence to the glass layers
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
- B32B27/18—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin characterised by the use of special additives
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60J—WINDOWS, WINDSCREENS, NON-FIXED ROOFS, DOORS, OR SIMILAR DEVICES FOR VEHICLES; REMOVABLE EXTERNAL PROTECTIVE COVERINGS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLES
- B60J1/00—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor
- B60J1/02—Windows; Windscreens; Accessories therefor arranged at the vehicle front, e.g. structure of the glazing, mounting of the glazing
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/56—Organo-metallic compounds, i.e. organic compounds containing a metal-to-carbon bond
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/02—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor
- C09K11/025—Use of particular materials as binders, particle coatings or suspension media therefor non-luminescent particle coatings or suspension media
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2264/00—Composition or properties of particles which form a particulate layer or are present as additives
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
- B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
- B32B2307/422—Luminescent, fluorescent, phosphorescent
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B2605/00—Vehicles
- B32B2605/08—Cars
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1003—Carbocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1007—Non-condensed systems
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/10—Non-macromolecular compounds
- C09K2211/1018—Heterocyclic compounds
- C09K2211/1025—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands
- C09K2211/1044—Heterocyclic compounds characterised by ligands containing two nitrogen atoms as heteroatoms
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K2211/00—Chemical nature of organic luminescent or tenebrescent compounds
- C09K2211/18—Metal complexes
- C09K2211/188—Metal complexes of other metals not provided for in one of the previous groups
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of displaying an image with high emission intensity by irradiating light rays, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- Laminated glass is safe because it does not scatter glass fragments even if it is damaged by an external impact, so it can be used as a windshield, side glass, rear glass for vehicles such as automobiles, and window glass for aircraft, buildings, etc. Widely used.
- the laminated glass include a laminated glass obtained by integrating an interlayer film for laminated glass including a liquid plasticizer and a polyvinyl acetal resin between at least a pair of glasses.
- HUD head-up display
- Patent Document 2 the applicant of the present application is for a laminated glass having a light emitting layer containing a binder resin and at least one light emitting material selected from the group consisting of a light emitting particle, a light emitting pigment, and a light emitting dye.
- An interlayer film has been disclosed.
- Luminescent materials such as luminescent particles, luminescent pigments, and luminescent dyes have the property of emitting light when irradiated with light of a specific wavelength.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of displaying an image with high light emission intensity by irradiating light, and a laminated glass including the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the present invention 1 is an interlayer film for laminated glass having a light emitting layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom, wherein potassium, sodium and
- the interlayer film for laminated glass has a total magnesium content of 50 ppm or less.
- Invention 2 includes a light emitting layer containing a thermoplastic resin, a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom, a thermoplastic resin, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, and a magnesium salt.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass is less than the total content of alkaline earth metal and magnesium.
- the present inventors examined the cause of the decrease in emission intensity when an interlayer film for laminated glass was produced using a lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom. As a result, it was found that the cause is potassium, sodium, magnesium, especially magnesium contained in the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass contains potassium, sodium, and magnesium derived from raw materials such as a neutralizing agent used during the production of the plastic resin.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 has a light emitting layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom.
- the light emitting layer contains a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom as a light emitting material, an image with high contrast can be displayed by irradiating the light emitting layer with light.
- thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited.
- polyvinyl acetal resin ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, polyurethane resin containing sulfur element, polyvinyl alcohol resin, vinyl chloride.
- resins and polyethylene terephthalate resins include resins and polyethylene terephthalate resins.
- a polyvinyl acetal resin is preferable.
- the polyvinyl acetal is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyvinyl acetal obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde, but polyvinyl butyral is preferable. Moreover, you may use together 2 or more types of polyvinyl acetal as needed.
- the preferable lower limit of the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal is 40 mol%, the preferable upper limit is 85 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 60 mol%, and the more preferable upper limit is 75 mol%.
- the polyvinyl acetal has a preferred lower limit of the hydroxyl group content of 15 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 35 mol%.
- the hydroxyl group amount is 15 mol% or more, the interlayer film for laminated glass can be easily molded.
- the amount of hydroxyl group is 35 mol% or less, handling of the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass becomes easy.
- the degree of acetalization and the amount of hydroxyl groups can be measured in accordance with, for example, JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the polyvinyl acetal can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70 to 99.8 mol% is generally used.
- the preferable lower limit of the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500 or more, the penetration resistance of the obtained laminated glass is increased.
- the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 4000 or less, the interlayer film for laminated glass can be easily molded.
- the minimum with a more preferable polymerization degree of the said polyvinyl alcohol is 1000, and a more preferable upper limit is 3600.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited, but generally an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited.
- n-butyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde are preferable, and n-butyraldehyde is more preferable.
- These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom emits light with high emission intensity when irradiated with light.
- a lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atom or a lanthanoid complex having a tridentate ligand containing a halogen atom is preferable because it emits light with an even higher emission intensity when irradiated with light. .
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom includes a lanthanoid complex having a tetradentate ligand containing a halogen atom, a lanthanoid complex having a pentadentate ligand containing a halogen atom, and a halogen atom. And a lanthanoid complex having a hexadentate ligand containing.
- the inventors of the present invention 1 show that, among lanthanoid complexes, a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom is irradiated with light having a wavelength of 300 to 410 nm, whereby light having a wavelength of 580 to 780 nm is emitted. It was found that an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of displaying a high-contrast image can be obtained by using this.
- the lanthanoid includes lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium or lutetium. Since higher emission intensity can be obtained, the lanthanoid is preferably neodymium, europium or terbium, more preferably europium or terbium, and still more preferably europium.
- Examples of the lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atom include tris (trifluoroacetylacetone) phenanthroline europium, tris (trifluoroacetylacetone) diphenylphenanthroline europium, tris (hexafluoroacetylacetone) diphenylphenanthroline europium, and tris (hexa). Fluoroacetylacetone) bis (triphenylphosphine) europium, tris (trifluoroacetylacetone) 2,2′-bipyridine europium, tris (hexafluoroacetylacetone) 2,2′-bipyridine europium, and the like.
- Examples of the lanthanoid complex having a tridentate ligand containing a halogen atom include terpyridine trifluoroacetylacetone europium, terpyridine hexafluoroacetylacetone europium, and the like.
- halogen atom of the lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom can be used.
- a fluorine atom is preferable because the structure of the ligand is stabilized.
- a lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand having an acetylacetone skeleton containing a halogen atom is preferable because of particularly excellent initial light-emitting properties.
- Examples of the lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand having an acetylacetone skeleton containing a halogen atom include Eu (TFA) 3 phen, Eu (TFA) 3 dpphen, Eu (HFA) 3 phen, and [Eu (FOD) 3 ].
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is preferably in the form of particles. By being in the form of particles, it becomes easier to finely disperse the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom in the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the preferred lower limit of the average particle size of the lanthanoid complex is 0.01 ⁇ m
- the preferred upper limit is 10 ⁇ m
- the more preferred lower limit is 0.03 ⁇ m
- a more preferred upper limit is 1 ⁇ m.
- the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom in the light emitting layer is preferably 0.001 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin, and 10 parts by weight with respect to the preferred upper limit.
- the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 0.001 part by weight or more, an image with higher contrast can be displayed.
- the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 10 parts by weight or less, the transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass is further enhanced.
- the more preferred lower limit of the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 0.01 parts by weight, the more preferred upper limit is 5 parts by weight, the still more preferred lower limit is 0.05 parts by weight, and the still more preferred upper limit is 1 part by weight, and a particularly preferred lower limit is 0.2 part by weight.
- the light emitting layer may contain potassium, sodium, and magnesium derived from raw materials such as a neutralizing agent used at the time of producing the thermoplastic resin.
- the total content of potassium, sodium and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is 50 ppm or less.
- the total content of potassium, sodium and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is preferably 40 ppm or less, more preferably 35 ppm or less, and further preferably 10 ppm or less.
- the content of magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is preferably 40 ppm or less.
- the content of magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is more preferably 35 ppm or less, still more preferably 30 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 20 ppm or less.
- the magnesium content in the light emitting layer may be 0 ppm.
- thermoplastic resin In order to make the total content of potassium, sodium and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer 50 ppm or less, it is preferable to wash the thermoplastic resin with an excess amount of ion-exchanged water a plurality of times. In particular, washing with ion exchange water multiple times before the neutralization step during the production of thermoplastic resin, washing multiple times with ion exchange water after the neutralization step, 10 times more ion exchange water in these washing steps
- the total content of potassium, sodium and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer can be adjusted to 50 ppm or less by combining methods such as using
- the light emitting layer preferably further contains a dispersant.
- a dispersant By containing a dispersant, aggregation of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom can be suppressed, and more uniform light emission can be obtained.
- the dispersant is, for example, a compound having a sulfonic acid structure such as a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, or an ester structure such as a diester compound, a ricinoleic acid alkyl ester, a phthalic acid ester, an adipic acid ester, a sebacic acid ester, or a phosphoric acid ester.
- Compounds having an ether structure such as polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol and alkylphenyl-polyoxyethylene-ether, compounds having a carboxylic acid structure such as polycarboxylic acid, laurylamine, dimethyllauryl
- Compounds having an amine structure such as amines, oleylpropylenediamine, secondary amines of polyoxyethylene, tertiary amines of polyoxyethylene, and diamines of polyoxyethylene
- polyalkylenepolyaminealkyleneoxy Dispersants such as compounds having a polyamine structure such as amides, compounds having an amide structure such as oleic acid diethanolamide and alkanol fatty acid amide, and compounds having a high molecular weight amide structure such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyester acid amide amine salts Can be used.
- high molecular weight dispersing agents such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid (salt), high molecular polycarboxylic acid, and condensed ricinoleic acid ester.
- the high molecular weight dispersant is defined as a dispersant having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more.
- the preferred lower limit of the content of the dispersant with respect to 100 parts by weight of the lanthanoid complex having the multidentate ligand containing the halogen atom in the light emitting layer is 1 part by weight, and the preferred upper limit is 50. Parts by weight.
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom can be uniformly dispersed in the light emitting layer.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of the dispersant is 3 parts by weight, the more preferable upper limit is 30 parts by weight, the still more preferable lower limit is 5 parts by weight, and the still more preferable upper limit is 25 parts by weight.
- the light emitting layer may further contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- the light emitting layer contains an ultraviolet absorber, the light resistance of the light emitting layer is increased.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the light emitting layer is preferably 1 part by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
- a preferred upper limit is 0.5 parts by weight, a more preferred upper limit is 0.2 parts by weight, and a particularly preferred upper limit is 0.1 parts by weight.
- Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include a compound having a malonic ester structure, a compound having an oxalic acid anilide structure, a compound having a benzotriazole structure, a compound having a benzophenone structure, a compound having a triazine structure, a compound having a benzoate structure, and a hindered amine
- Examples include ultraviolet absorbers such as compounds having a structure.
- the light emitting layer may further contain a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers, and the like. Is mentioned.
- the plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.
- the monobasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-octyl
- glycol esters obtained by reaction with monobasic organic acids such as acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonyl acid), and decyl acid.
- triethylene glycol dicaproate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-n-octylate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexylate and the like are preferable.
- the polybasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- an ester compound of a polybasic organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid or azelaic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- dibutyl sebacic acid ester, dioctyl azelaic acid ester, dibutyl carbitol adipic acid ester and the like are preferable.
- the organic ester plasticizer is not particularly limited, and triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, Triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethyl Butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di- -Ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
- the organophosphate plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate, and the like.
- dihexyl adipate DHA
- triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate 3GO
- tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate 4GO
- content of the said plasticizer in the said light emitting layer is not specifically limited,
- the preferable minimum with respect to 100 weight part of the said thermoplastic resins is 30 weight part, and a preferable upper limit is 100 weight part.
- the content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by weight or more, the melt viscosity of the laminated glass interlayer film becomes low, so that the laminated glass interlayer film can be easily formed.
- the content of the plasticizer is 100 parts by weight or less, the transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass increases.
- a more preferred lower limit of the plasticizer content is 35 parts by weight, a more preferred upper limit is 80 parts by weight, a still more preferred lower limit is 45 parts by weight, a still more preferred upper limit is 70 parts by weight, a particularly preferred lower limit is 50 parts by weight, and a particularly preferred upper limit. Is 63 parts by weight.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an antioxidant having a fail structure, an antioxidant containing sulfur, and an antioxidant containing phosphorus.
- the antioxidant having the phenol structure is an antioxidant having a phenol skeleton.
- antioxidant having a phenol structure examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4- Ethylphenol, stearyl- ⁇ - (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2,2′-methylenebis- (4-methyl-6-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis- ( 4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis- (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 1,1,3-tris- (2-methyl-hydroxy-5-t -Butylphenyl) butane, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3 ', 5'-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, 1,3,3-tris- (2-methyl) 4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenol) butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2
- the light emitting layer may contain additives such as a light stabilizer, an antistatic agent, a blue pigment, a blue dye, a green pigment, and a green dye as necessary.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass according to the first aspect of the present invention may have a single-layer structure composed only of the light emitting layer or a multilayer structure in which other layers are laminated.
- the light emitting layer may be disposed on the entire surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass, or may be disposed only on a part thereof. It may be disposed on the entire surface in a plane direction perpendicular to the thickness direction of the film, or may be disposed only on a part thereof.
- the light emitting layer is arranged only in part, information can be displayed only in the light emitting area, with the part as a light emitting area and the other part as a non-light emitting area.
- the plasticizer content (hereinafter also referred to as content X) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the light emitting layer is changed to other.
- the content of the plasticizer relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the layer (hereinafter also referred to as content Y) can be increased.
- the content X is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, and still more preferably 15 parts by weight or more than the content Y.
- the difference between the content X and the content Y is preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less. Preferably, it is 35 parts by weight or less.
- the preferred lower limit of the content X is 45 parts by weight, the more preferred lower limit is 50 parts by weight, the still more preferred lower limit is 55 parts by weight, the preferred upper limit is 80 parts by weight, the more preferred upper limit is 75 parts by weight, and the more preferred upper limit is 70 parts by weight. Parts by weight.
- the preferred lower limit of the content Y is 20 parts by weight, the more preferred lower limit is 30 parts by weight, the still more preferred lower limit is 35 parts by weight, the preferred upper limit is 45 parts by weight, the more preferred upper limit is 43 parts by weight, and the more preferred upper limit is 41 parts. Parts by weight.
- the thermoplastic resin in the light emitting layer is preferably polyvinyl acetal X.
- the polyvinyl acetal X can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- a preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and a preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol By setting the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol to 200 or more, the penetration resistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass obtained can be improved, and by setting it to 5000 or less, the moldability of the light emitting layer can be ensured. it can.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method based on JIS K6726 “Testing method for polyvinyl alcohol”.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the aldehyde for acetalizing the polyvinyl alcohol is 4, and the preferable upper limit is 6.
- the aldehyde having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde and n-valeraldehyde. .
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 30 mol%.
- the more preferable upper limit of the hydroxyl group amount of the polyvinyl acetal X is 28 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 26 mol%, the particularly preferable upper limit is 24 mol%, the preferable lower limit is 10 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 15 mol%, and the more preferable lower limit. Is 20 mol%.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal X is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, as a percentage (mol%).
- the amount of the ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded can be determined, for example, by measuring the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal X is bonded by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”. it can.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of acetal groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 60 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- the lower limit of the amount of acetal group of the polyvinyl acetal X is more preferably 65 mol%, still more preferably 68 mol% or more.
- the amount of the acetal group can be determined by measuring the amount of ethylene group to which the acetal group of the polyvinyl acetal X is bonded by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of acetyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 0.1 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 30 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 30 mol%.
- the more preferable lower limit of the acetyl group amount is 1 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 5 mol%, the particularly preferable lower limit is 8 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 25 mol%, and the still more preferable upper limit is 20 mol%.
- the amount of acetyl groups is the value obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which acetal groups are bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. This is a value expressed as a percentage (mol%) of the mole fraction obtained by dividing by.
- the polyvinyl acetal X is a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group content of 8 mol% or more, or Polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of less than 8 mol% and an acetal group amount of 65 mol% or more is preferred.
- the polyvinyl acetal X is a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of 8 mol% or more, or a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of less than 8 mol% and an acetal group amount of 68 mol% or more. More preferable.
- the thermoplastic resin in the other layer is preferably polyvinyl acetal Y.
- the polyvinyl acetal Y preferably has a larger amount of hydroxyl groups than the polyvinyl acetal X.
- the polyvinyl acetal Y can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the preferable minimum of the average degree of polymerization of the said polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and a preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the aldehyde for acetalizing the polyvinyl alcohol Y is 3, and the preferable upper limit is 4.
- the aldehyde having 3 to 4 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal Y is 33 mol%, and a preferable minimum is 28 mol%.
- the preferable lower limit of the amount of acetal group is 60 mol%, and the preferable upper limit is 80 mol%.
- the amount of the acetal group is 60 mol% or more, an amount of plasticizer necessary for exhibiting sufficient penetration resistance can be contained.
- the amount of the acetal group 80 mol% or less it is possible to ensure the adhesive force between the other layer and the glass.
- a more preferable lower limit of the amount of the acetal group is 65 mol%, and a more preferable upper limit is 69 mol%.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of acetyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal Y is 7 mol%.
- the amount of acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal Y 7 mol% or less the hydrophobicity of other layers can be increased and whitening can be prevented.
- a more preferable upper limit of the amount of the acetyl group is 2 mol%, and a preferable lower limit is 0.1 mol%.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups, the amount of acetal groups, and the amount of acetyl groups of polyvinyl acetal Y can be measured by the same method as for polyvinyl acetal X.
- any one of the light emitting layer and other layers, any two layers, or all layers may be a heat ray absorbent.
- the heat ray absorber is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to shield infrared rays, but is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) particles, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) particles, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) particles, indium-doped oxide.
- ITO indium oxide
- ATO antimony-doped tin oxide
- AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
- At least one selected from the group consisting of zinc (IZO) particles, tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum hexaboride particles and cerium hexaboride particles is preferred.
- the said light emitting layer contains a heat ray absorber
- content of the heat ray absorber contained in the said light emitting layer is 0.00001 weight% or more and 1 weight% or less in 100 weight% of the said light emitting layers.
- the content of the heat ray absorbent contained in the other layer is 0.00001% by weight or more and 1% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the other layer. Is preferred.
- the content of the heat ray absorbent contained in the light emitting layer or the other layer is within the above preferable range, sufficient heat shielding performance can be exhibited.
- the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m, a preferable upper limit is 2200 ⁇ m, a more preferable lower limit is 100 ⁇ m, a more preferable upper limit is 1700 ⁇ m, and a further preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m. There is a particularly preferred upper limit of 900 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass means the thickness of the minimum thickness portion of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass, and the upper limit of the thickness of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass is the middle for laminated glass It means the thickness of the maximum thickness portion of the entire film.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the light emitting layer is within this range, light emission with sufficiently high contrast can be obtained when a light beam having a specific wavelength is irradiated.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer is 80 ⁇ m, the more preferable upper limit is 760 ⁇ m, the still more preferable lower limit is 90 ⁇ m, the still more preferable upper limit is 500 ⁇ m, and the particularly preferable upper limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 may have a wedge shape in cross section. If the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass is wedge-shaped, it is possible to display an image with the occurrence of double images prevented by adjusting the wedge-shaped wedge angle ⁇ according to the attachment angle of the laminated glass. From the viewpoint of further suppressing double images, the preferable lower limit of the wedge angle ⁇ is 0.1 mrad, the preferable lower limit is 0.2 mrad, the more preferable lower limit is 0.3 mrad, the preferable upper limit is 1 mrad, and the more preferable upper limit is 0. .9 mrad.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass having a wedge-shaped cross section is manufactured by a method of extruding a resin composition using an extruder, a slightly inner region (specifically, from one end on the thin side) , Where X is the distance between one end and the other end, and has a minimum thickness in the range from 0X to 0.2X inward from one end on the thin side, and one end on the thick side
- the maximum thickness in the region slightly inside specifically, when the distance between one end and the other end is X, the region from 0X to 0.2X inward from one end on the thick side
- It may become the shape which has. In the present specification, such a shape is also included in the wedge shape.
- the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 is wedge-shaped, it preferably has a multilayer structure including a light emitting layer and other layers (hereinafter sometimes referred to as “shape auxiliary layer”). While the thickness of the light emitting layer is kept within a certain range, by laminating the shape auxiliary layer, the cross-sectional shape of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass can be adjusted to a wedge shape with a constant wedge angle.
- the shape auxiliary layer may be laminated only on one surface of the light emitting layer, or may be laminated on both surfaces. Further, a plurality of shape auxiliary layers may be laminated.
- the light emitting layer may have a wedge-shaped cross section or a rectangular shape.
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the light emitting layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. Thereby, an image can be displayed with a certain range of luminance.
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the light emitting layer is more preferably 95 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 90 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 700 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the light emitting layer is within this range, a sufficiently high contrast image can be displayed.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer is 70 ⁇ m
- the more preferable upper limit is 400 ⁇ m
- the still more preferable lower limit is 80 ⁇ m
- the still more preferable upper limit is 150 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer means the thickness of the minimum thickness portion of the light emitting layer
- the upper limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer means the thickness of the maximum thickness portion of the light emitting layer.
- the shape auxiliary layer has a role of being laminated on the light emitting layer and adjusting the cross sectional shape of the laminated glass intermediate film as a wedge shape having a constant wedge angle.
- the shape auxiliary layer preferably has a wedge-shaped, triangular, trapezoidal or rectangular cross-sectional shape.
- the thickness of the shape auxiliary layer is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of practical use and from the viewpoint of sufficiently increasing the adhesive strength and penetration resistance, the preferred lower limit is 10 ⁇ m, the preferred upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m, and the more preferred lower limit is 200 ⁇ m, A more preferable upper limit is 800 ⁇ m, and a further preferable lower limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the shape auxiliary layer means the thickness of the minimum thickness portion of the shape auxiliary layer, and the upper limit of the thickness of the shape auxiliary layer means the thickness of the maximum thickness portion of the shape auxiliary layer. To do. Further, when a plurality of shape auxiliary layers are used in combination, the total thickness is meant.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 are schematic views for explaining an example of the case where the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 is a wedge shape.
- FIGS. 1 to 3 for convenience of illustration, the thickness and wedge angle ⁇ of the interlayer film for laminated glass and each layer constituting the interlayer film for laminated glass are shown to be different from the actual thickness and wedge angle. Yes.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 1 for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 1 for laminated glass has a two-layer structure in which a shape auxiliary layer 12 is laminated on one surface of a light emitting layer 11 containing a light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer 11 has a rectangular shape
- the shape auxiliary layer 12 has a wedge shape, a triangular shape, or a trapezoidal shape, so that the laminated film intermediate film 1 has a wedge angle ⁇ of 0.1 to 1 mrad as a whole. It has a wedge shape.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 2 for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 2 for laminated glass has a three-layer structure in which a shape auxiliary layer 22 and a shape auxiliary layer 23 are laminated on both surfaces of a light emitting layer 21 containing a light emitting material.
- the shape auxiliary layer 22 is wedge-shaped, triangular, or trapezoidal so that the interlayer film 2 for laminated glass as a whole is wedged.
- the wedge shape has an angle ⁇ of 0.1 to 1 mrad.
- FIG. 3 shows a cross section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 3 for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 3 for laminated glass has a three-layer structure in which a shape auxiliary layer 32 and a shape auxiliary layer 33 are laminated on both surfaces of a light emitting layer 31 containing a light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer 31 has a gentle wedge shape with a difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the wedge angle ⁇ of the laminated glass intermediate film 3 as a whole is increased. It has a wedge shape of 0.1 to 1 mrad.
- the method for producing the interlayer film for laminated glass of the first invention is not particularly limited.
- a plasticizer solution containing a plasticizer and a lanthanoid complex and a thermoplastic resin are sufficiently mixed to produce a resin composition for forming a light emitting layer.
- the resin composition for forming the light emitting layer can be extruded using an extruder to produce an interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 has the light emitting layer, it emits light when irradiated with a light beam having a specific wavelength. By utilizing this property, information can be displayed with high contrast.
- a spot light source manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, LC-8
- a xenon flash lamp manufactured by Heraeus, CW lamp
- a black light manufactured by Inoue Seieido
- Carry hand and the like.
- the laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 1 is laminated between a pair of glass plates is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the said glass plate can use the transparent plate glass generally used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, netted glass, wire-containing plate glass, colored plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, and green glass.
- the ultraviolet shielding glass in which the ultraviolet shielding coating layer was formed in the glass surface can be used, it is preferable to use as a glass plate opposite to the side irradiated with the light ray of a specific wavelength.
- organic plastics plates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyacrylate can be used as the glass plate.
- Two or more types of glass plates may be used as the glass plate.
- stacked the intermediate film for laminated glasses of this invention 1 between transparent float plate glass and colored glass plates like green glass is mentioned.
- the present inventors examined the cause of the decrease in emission intensity when an interlayer film for laminated glass was produced using a lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom. As a result, it discovered that the alkali metal contained in the intermediate film for laminated glasses, alkaline-earth metal, and magnesium were the cause.
- an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, or a magnesium salt is blended as an adhesive strength adjusting agent for adjusting the adhesive strength with the glass plate.
- the lanthanoid complex When a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom is blended in such an interlayer film for laminated glass, the lanthanoid complex emits light by interaction of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal or magnesium with the lanthanoid complex. Was thought to decline. However, in order to maintain the penetration resistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass, it is essential to add an adhesive strength modifier.
- the present inventors have made a light-emitting layer containing a thermoplastic resin, a lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom, a thermoplastic resin, an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal, and the like.
- Laminating an adhesive layer containing a salt or a magnesium salt, and suppressing the blending amount of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and magnesium in the light emitting layer, while maintaining the penetration resistance of the interlayer film for laminated glass It has been found that an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of displaying an image with high contrast can be obtained by irradiating light rays, and the present invention 2 has been completed.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 has a light emitting layer containing a thermoplastic resin and a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom.
- the light-emitting layer contains a lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom as a light-emitting agent, so that the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 displays an image with high contrast when irradiated with light. Have a role to play.
- thermoplastic resin is not particularly limited.
- polyvinyl acetal resin ethylene-vinyl acetate copolymer resin, ethylene-acrylic copolymer resin, polyurethane resin, polyurethane resin containing sulfur element, polyvinyl alcohol resin, vinyl chloride.
- resins and polyethylene terephthalate resins include resins and polyethylene terephthalate resins.
- a polyvinyl acetal resin is preferable.
- the polyvinyl acetal is not particularly limited as long as it is a polyvinyl acetal obtained by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde, but polyvinyl butyral is preferable. Moreover, you may use together 2 or more types of polyvinyl acetal as needed.
- the preferable lower limit of the degree of acetalization of the polyvinyl acetal is 40 mol%, the preferable upper limit is 85 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 60 mol%, and the more preferable upper limit is 75 mol%.
- the polyvinyl acetal has a preferred lower limit of the hydroxyl group content of 15 mol% and a preferred upper limit of 35 mol%.
- the hydroxyl group amount is 15 mol% or more, the interlayer film for laminated glass can be easily molded.
- the amount of hydroxyl group is 35 mol% or less, handling of the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass becomes easy.
- the degree of acetalization and the amount of hydroxyl groups can be measured in accordance with, for example, JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the polyvinyl acetal can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate, and polyvinyl alcohol having a saponification degree of 70 to 99.8 mol% is generally used.
- the preferable lower limit of the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500 or more, the penetration resistance of the obtained laminated glass is increased.
- the polymerization degree of the polyvinyl alcohol is 4000 or less, the interlayer film for laminated glass can be easily molded.
- the minimum with a more preferable polymerization degree of the said polyvinyl alcohol is 1000, and a more preferable upper limit is 3600.
- the aldehyde is not particularly limited, but generally an aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is preferably used.
- the aldehyde having 1 to 10 carbon atoms is not particularly limited.
- n-butyraldehyde, n-hexylaldehyde, and n-valeraldehyde are preferable, and n-butyraldehyde is more preferable.
- These aldehydes may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom emits light with high emission intensity when irradiated with light.
- the inventors of the present invention 2 show that lanthanoid complexes having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom among lanthanoid complexes emit light having a wavelength of 580 to 780 nm by irradiating light having a wavelength of 300 to 410 nm. It was found that an interlayer film for laminated glass capable of displaying a high-contrast image can be obtained by using this.
- a lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atom or a lanthanoid complex having a tridentate ligand containing a halogen atom is preferable.
- the lanthanoid includes lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, promethium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, thulium, ytterbium or lutetium. Since higher emission intensity can be obtained, the lanthanoid is preferably neodymium, europium or terbium, more preferably europium or terbium, and still more preferably europium.
- Examples of the lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atom include tris (trifluoroacetylacetone) phenanthroline europium, tris (trifluoroacetylacetone) diphenylphenanthroline europium, tris (hexafluoroacetylacetone) diphenylphenanthroline europium, and tris (hexa). Fluoroacetylacetone) bis (triphenylphosphine) europium, tris (trifluoroacetylacetone) 2 ′, 2′-bipyridine europium, tris (hexafluoroacetylacetone) 2,2′-bipyridine europium.
- Examples of the lanthanoid complex having a tridentate ligand containing a halogen atom include terpyridine trifluoroacetylacetone europium and terpyridine hexafluoroacetylacetone europium.
- halogen atom of the lanthanoid complex having a multidentate ligand containing a halogen atom a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, or an iodine atom can be used.
- a fluorine atom is preferable because the structure of the ligand is stabilized.
- a lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atom and having an acetylacetone skeleton is particularly preferable because of excellent initial light-emitting properties.
- Examples of the lanthanoid complex having a bidentate ligand containing a halogen atom and having an acetylacetone skeleton include Eu (TFA) 3 phen, Eu (TFA) 3 dpphen, Eu (HFA) 3 phen, and [Eu (FOD) 3 ].
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is preferably in the form of particles. By being in the form of particles, it becomes easier to finely disperse the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom in the interlayer film for laminated glass.
- the preferable lower limit of the average particle diameter of the particles composed of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 0.01 ⁇ m
- the preferable upper limit is 10 ⁇ m
- the more preferable lower limit is 0.03 ⁇ m
- the more preferable upper limit is 1 ⁇ m. is there.
- the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom in the light emitting layer is preferably 0.001 part by weight with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin, and 10 parts by weight with respect to the preferred upper limit.
- the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 0.001 part by weight or more, an image with higher contrast can be displayed.
- the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 10 parts by weight or less, the transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass is further enhanced.
- the more preferred lower limit of the content of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom is 0.01 parts by weight, the more preferred upper limit is 5 parts by weight, the still more preferred lower limit is 0.05 parts by weight, and the still more preferred upper limit is 1 part by weight, and a particularly preferred lower limit is 0.2 part by weight.
- the light emitting layer may contain a metal such as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or magnesium derived from a neutralizing agent used when synthesizing the thermoplastic resin of the thermoplastic resin.
- a metal such as an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, or magnesium derived from a neutralizing agent used when synthesizing the thermoplastic resin of the thermoplastic resin.
- the total content of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is the sum of alkali metal, alkaline earth metal and magnesium contained in the adhesive layer. Less than the content of. More specifically, the total content of sodium, potassium and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is less than the total content of sodium, potassium and magnesium contained in the adhesive layer.
- the content of magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is preferably 40 ppm or less.
- the content of magnesium contained in the light emitting layer is more preferably 35 ppm or less, still more preferably 30 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 20 ppm or less.
- the magnesium content in the light emitting layer may be 0 ppm.
- thermoplastic resin In order to reduce the total content of metals such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer, it is preferable to wash the thermoplastic resin multiple times with an excessive amount of ion-exchanged water. In particular, washing with ion exchange water multiple times before the neutralization step during the production of thermoplastic resin, washing multiple times with ion exchange water after the neutralization step, 10 times more ion exchange water in these washing steps.
- the total content of metals such as alkali metals, alkaline earth metals, and magnesium contained in the light emitting layer can be reduced by combining methods such as
- the light emitting layer preferably further contains a dispersant.
- a dispersant By containing a dispersant, aggregation of the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom can be suppressed, and more uniform light emission can be obtained.
- the dispersant is, for example, a compound having a sulfonic acid structure such as a linear alkylbenzene sulfonate, or an ester structure such as a diester compound, a ricinoleic acid alkyl ester, a phthalic acid ester, an adipic acid ester, a sebacic acid ester, or a phosphoric acid ester.
- Compounds having an ether structure such as polyoxyethylene glycol, polyoxypropylene glycol and alkylphenyl-polyoxyethylene-ether, compounds having a carboxylic acid structure such as polycarboxylic acid, laurylamine, dimethyllauryl
- Compounds having an amine structure such as amines, oleylpropylenediamine, secondary amines of polyoxyethylene, tertiary amines of polyoxyethylene, and diamines of polyoxyethylene
- polyalkylenepolyaminealkyleneoxy Dispersants such as compounds having a polyamine structure such as amides, compounds having an amide structure such as oleic acid diethanolamide and alkanol fatty acid amide, and compounds having a high molecular weight amide structure such as polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyester acid amide amine salts Can be used.
- high molecular weight dispersing agents such as polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphoric acid (salt), high molecular polycarboxylic acid, and condensed ricinoleic acid ester.
- the high molecular weight dispersant is defined as a dispersant having a molecular weight of 10,000 or more.
- the preferred lower limit of the content of the dispersant with respect to 100 parts by weight of the lanthanoid complex having the multidentate ligand containing the halogen atom in the light emitting layer is 1 part by weight, and the preferred upper limit is 50. Parts by weight.
- the lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom can be uniformly dispersed in the light emitting layer.
- the more preferable lower limit of the content of the dispersant is 3 parts by weight, the more preferable upper limit is 30 parts by weight, the still more preferable lower limit is 5 parts by weight, and the still more preferable upper limit is 25 parts by weight.
- the light emitting layer may further contain an ultraviolet absorber.
- the light emitting layer contains an ultraviolet absorber, the light resistance of the light emitting layer is increased.
- the content of the ultraviolet absorber in the light emitting layer is preferably 1 part by weight, more preferably 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin.
- a preferred upper limit is 0.5 parts by weight, a more preferred upper limit is 0.2 parts by weight, and a particularly preferred upper limit is 0.1 parts by weight.
- Examples of the ultraviolet absorber include a compound having a malonic ester structure, a compound having an oxalic acid anilide structure, a compound having a benzotriazole structure, a compound having a benzophenone structure, a compound having a triazine structure, a compound having a benzoate structure, and a hindered amine
- Examples include ultraviolet absorbers such as compounds having a structure.
- the light emitting layer may further contain a plasticizer.
- the plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include organic ester plasticizers such as monobasic organic acid esters and polybasic organic acid esters, phosphoric acid plasticizers such as organic phosphoric acid plasticizers and organic phosphorous acid plasticizers, and the like. Is mentioned.
- the plasticizer is preferably a liquid plasticizer.
- the monobasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- glycol such as triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, butyric acid, isobutyric acid, caproic acid, 2-ethylbutyric acid, heptylic acid, n-octyl
- glycol esters obtained by reaction with monobasic organic acids such as acid, 2-ethylhexyl acid, pelargonic acid (n-nonyl acid), and decyl acid.
- triethylene glycol dicaproate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-n-octylate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexylate and the like are preferable.
- the polybasic organic acid ester is not particularly limited.
- an ester compound of a polybasic organic acid such as adipic acid, sebacic acid or azelaic acid and an alcohol having a linear or branched structure having 4 to 8 carbon atoms.
- dibutyl sebacic acid ester, dioctyl azelaic acid ester, dibutyl carbitol adipic acid ester and the like are preferable.
- the organic ester plasticizer is not particularly limited, and triethylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate, triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, triethylene glycol dicaprylate, triethylene glycol di-n-octanoate, Triethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-n-heptanoate, tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate, dibutyl sebacate, dioctyl azelate, dibutyl carbitol adipate, ethylene glycol di-2-ethyl Butyrate, 1,3-propylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, 1,4-butylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di-2-ethyl butyrate, diethylene glycol di- -Ethylhexanoate, dipropylene glycol di-2-ethylbutyrate,
- the organophosphate plasticizer is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include tributoxyethyl phosphate, isodecylphenyl phosphate, triisopropyl phosphate, and the like.
- dihexyl adipate DHA
- triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate 3GO
- tetraethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate 4GO
- content of the said plasticizer in the said light emitting layer is not specifically limited,
- the preferable minimum with respect to 100 weight part of the said thermoplastic resins is 30 weight part, and a preferable upper limit is 100 weight part.
- the content of the plasticizer is 30 parts by weight or more, the melt viscosity of the laminated glass interlayer film becomes low, so that the laminated glass interlayer film can be easily formed.
- the content of the plasticizer is 100 parts by weight or less, the transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass increases.
- a more preferred lower limit of the plasticizer content is 35 parts by weight, a more preferred upper limit is 80 parts by weight, a still more preferred lower limit is 45 parts by weight, a still more preferred upper limit is 70 parts by weight, a particularly preferred lower limit is 50 parts by weight, and a particularly preferred upper limit. Is 63 parts by weight.
- the antioxidant is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an antioxidant having a fail structure, an antioxidant containing sulfur, and an antioxidant containing phosphorus.
- the antioxidant having the phenol structure is an antioxidant having a phenol skeleton.
- antioxidant having a phenol structure examples include 2,6-di-t-butyl-p-cresol (BHT), butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA), 2,6-di-t-butyl-4- Ethylphenol, stearyl- ⁇ - (3,5-di-t-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate, 2,2′-methylenebis- (4-methyl-6-butylphenol), 2,2′-methylenebis- ( 4-ethyl-6-t-butylphenol), 4,4'-butylidene-bis- (3-methyl-6-t-butylphenol), 1,1,3-tris- (2-methyl-hydroxy-5-t -Butylphenyl) butane, tetrakis [methylene-3- (3 ', 5'-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionate] methane, 1,3,3-tris- (2-methyl) 4-hydroxy-5-tert-butylphenol) butane, 1,3,5-trimethyl-2
- the light emitting layer may contain additives such as a light stabilizer, an antistatic agent, a blue pigment, a blue dye, a green pigment, and a green dye as necessary.
- the thickness of the said light emitting layer is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 50 micrometers and a preferable upper limit is 1000 micrometers. When the thickness of the light emitting layer is within this range, light emission with sufficiently high contrast can be obtained when a light beam having a specific wavelength is irradiated.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer is 80 ⁇ m, the more preferable upper limit is 500 ⁇ m, the still more preferable lower limit is 90 ⁇ m, and the still more preferable upper limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the light emitting layer may be disposed on the entire surface of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2, or may be disposed only on a part thereof, and is perpendicular to the thickness direction of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2. It may be arranged on the entire surface in the surface direction, or may be arranged only in part. In the case where the light emitting layer is arranged only in part, information can be displayed only in the light emitting area, with the part as a light emitting area and the other part as a non-light emitting area.
- the adhesive layer includes a thermoplastic resin and at least one metal salt selected from the group consisting of alkali metal salts, alkaline earth metal salts, and magnesium salts.
- the said adhesive layer has a role which adjusts the adhesive force of the intermediate film for laminated glasses easily, and maintains the penetration resistance of the intermediate film for laminated glasses.
- thermoplastic resin contained in the adhesive layer the same thermoplastic resin as the thermoplastic resin contained in the light emitting layer can be used.
- the adhesive layer may also contain an additive such as a plasticizer like the light emitting layer.
- At least one metal salt selected from the group consisting of an alkali metal salt, an alkaline earth metal salt, and a magnesium salt has a role as an adhesion adjusting agent.
- the metal salt is more preferably an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 1 to 16 carbon atoms, or a magnesium salt of an organic acid having 1 to 16 carbon atoms. More preferably, an alkali metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, an alkaline earth metal salt of an organic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms, or a magnesium salt having 2 to 16 carbon atoms.
- a magnesium salt of carboxylic acid or a potassium salt of carboxylic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms is particularly preferable.
- the magnesium salt of the carboxylic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms and the potassium salt of the carboxylic acid having 2 to 16 carbon atoms are not particularly limited, and examples thereof include magnesium acetate, potassium acetate, magnesium propionate, potassium propionate, 2- Examples thereof include magnesium ethyl butanoate, potassium 2-ethylbutanoate, magnesium 2-ethylhexanoate, potassium 2-ethylhexanoate and the like.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the organic acid is 1, the preferable upper limit is 10, the more preferable lower limit is 2, and the more preferable upper limit is 8.
- content of the said metal salt in the said contact bonding layer is not specifically limited,
- the preferable minimum with respect to 100 weight part of the said thermoplastic resins is 0.0005 weight part, and a preferable upper limit is 0.05 weight part.
- the content of the metal salt is 0.0005 parts by weight or more, the penetration resistance of the laminated glass is further enhanced.
- the content of the metal salt is 0.05 parts by weight or less, the transparency of the interlayer film for laminated glass increases.
- the minimum with more preferable content of the said metal salt is 0.002 weight part, and a more preferable upper limit is 0.02 weight part.
- the total content of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the adhesive layer is preferably 300 ppm or less, more preferably 200 ppm or less, further preferably 150 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 100 ppm or less.
- the magnesium content in the adhesive layer is preferably 150 ppm or less, more preferably 100 ppm or less, still more preferably 50 ppm or less, and particularly preferably 30 ppm or less.
- the adhesive layer includes sodium, potassium, and magnesium derived from the neutralizing agent used when synthesizing the thermoplastic resin, in addition to the metal salt blended as the adhesive strength modifier. .
- the thickness of the said contact bonding layer is not specifically limited, A preferable minimum is 50 micrometers and a preferable upper limit is 1000 micrometers. When the thickness of the adhesive layer is within this range, a laminated glass having much higher penetration resistance can be obtained.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the adhesive layer is 100 ⁇ m, the more preferable upper limit is 900 ⁇ m, the still more preferable lower limit is 200 ⁇ m, and the still more preferable upper limit is 800 ⁇ m.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 may have a two-layer structure in which the light emitting layer and the adhesive layer are laminated, but the first adhesive layer, the light emitting layer, and the second adhesive layer are A three-layer structure arranged in this order is preferable. Further, it may have a multilayer structure in which another layer is laminated between the first adhesive layer and the light emitting layer or between the second adhesive layer and the light emitting layer.
- the content of the plasticizer (hereinafter also referred to as content X) with respect to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the light emitting layer is the first.
- the content of the plasticizer relative to 100 parts by weight of the thermoplastic resin in the two adhesive layers (hereinafter also referred to as “content Y”) can be increased.
- the content X is preferably 5 parts by weight or more, more preferably 10 parts by weight or more, and still more preferably 15 parts by weight or more than the content Y.
- the difference between the content X and the content Y is preferably 50 parts by weight or less, more preferably 40 parts by weight or less. Preferably, it is 35 parts by weight or less.
- the preferred lower limit of the content X is 45 parts by weight, the more preferred lower limit is 50 parts by weight, the still more preferred lower limit is 55 parts by weight, the preferred upper limit is 80 parts by weight, the more preferred upper limit is 75 parts by weight, and the more preferred upper limit is 70 parts by weight. Parts by weight.
- the preferred lower limit of the content Y is 20 parts by weight, the more preferred lower limit is 30 parts by weight, the still more preferred lower limit is 35 parts by weight, the preferred upper limit is 45 parts by weight, the more preferred upper limit is 43 parts by weight, and the more preferred upper limit is 41 parts. Parts by weight.
- the thermoplastic resin in the light emitting layer is preferably polyvinyl acetal X.
- the polyvinyl acetal X can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and the preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is determined by a method based on JIS K6726 “Testing method for polyvinyl alcohol”.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the aldehyde for acetalizing the polyvinyl alcohol is 4, and the preferable upper limit is 6.
- the aldehyde having 4 to 6 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde and n-valeraldehyde. .
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 30 mol%.
- the more preferable upper limit of the hydroxyl group amount of the polyvinyl acetal X is 28 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 26 mol%, the particularly preferable upper limit is 24 mol%, the preferable lower limit is 10 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 15 mol%, and the more preferable lower limit. Is 20 mol%.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups in the polyvinyl acetal X is a value obtained by dividing the amount of ethylene groups to which the hydroxyl groups are bonded by the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain, as a percentage (mol%).
- the amount of the ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group is bonded can be determined, for example, by measuring the amount of ethylene group to which the hydroxyl group of the polyvinyl acetal X is bonded by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”. it can.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of acetal groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 60 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 85 mol%.
- the lower limit of the amount of acetal group of the polyvinyl acetal X is more preferably 65 mol%, still more preferably 68 mol% or more.
- the amount of the acetal group can be determined by measuring the amount of ethylene group to which the acetal group of the polyvinyl acetal X is bonded by a method based on JIS K6728 “Testing method for polyvinyl butyral”.
- the minimum with the preferable amount of acetyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal X is 0.1 mol%, and a preferable upper limit is 30 mol%.
- a preferable upper limit is 30 mol%.
- the more preferable lower limit of the acetyl group amount is 1 mol%, the more preferable lower limit is 5 mol%, the particularly preferable lower limit is 8 mol%, the more preferable upper limit is 25 mol%, and the still more preferable upper limit is 20 mol%.
- the amount of acetyl groups is the value obtained by subtracting the amount of ethylene groups to which acetal groups are bonded and the amount of ethylene groups to which hydroxyl groups are bonded from the total amount of ethylene groups in the main chain. This is a value expressed as a percentage (mol%) of the mole fraction obtained by dividing by.
- the polyvinyl acetal X is a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group content of 8 mol% or more, or Polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of less than 8 mol% and an acetal group amount of 65 mol% or more is preferred.
- the polyvinyl acetal X is a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of 8 mol% or more, or a polyvinyl acetal having an acetyl group amount of less than 8 mol% and an acetal group amount of 68 mol% or more. More preferable.
- the thermoplastic resin in the first and second adhesive layers is preferably polyvinyl acetal Y.
- the polyvinyl acetal Y preferably has a larger amount of hydroxyl groups than the polyvinyl acetal X.
- the polyvinyl acetal Y can be prepared by acetalizing polyvinyl alcohol with an aldehyde.
- the polyvinyl alcohol is usually obtained by saponifying polyvinyl acetate.
- the preferable minimum of the average degree of polymerization of the said polyvinyl alcohol is 200, and a preferable upper limit is 5000.
- the more preferable lower limit of the average degree of polymerization of the polyvinyl alcohol is 500, and the more preferable upper limit is 4000.
- the preferable lower limit of the carbon number of the aldehyde for acetalizing the polyvinyl alcohol Y is 3, and the preferable upper limit is 4.
- the aldehyde having 3 to 4 carbon atoms may be a linear aldehyde or a branched aldehyde, and examples thereof include n-butyraldehyde.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of hydroxyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal Y is 33 mol%, and a preferable minimum is 28 mol%.
- the preferable lower limit of the amount of acetal group is 60 mol%, and the preferable upper limit is 80 mol%.
- the amount of the acetal group is 60 mol% or more, an amount of plasticizer necessary for exhibiting sufficient penetration resistance can be contained.
- the amount of the acetal group 80 mol% or less it is possible to ensure the adhesive force between the other layer and the glass.
- a more preferable lower limit of the amount of the acetal group is 65 mol%, and a more preferable upper limit is 69 mol%.
- the upper limit with the preferable amount of acetyl groups of the said polyvinyl acetal Y is 7 mol%.
- the amount of acetyl groups of the polyvinyl acetal Y 7 mol% or less the hydrophobicity of other layers can be increased and whitening can be prevented.
- a more preferable upper limit of the amount of the acetyl group is 2 mol%, and a preferable lower limit is 0.1 mol%.
- the amount of hydroxyl groups, the amount of acetal groups, and the amount of acetyl groups of polyvinyl acetal Y can be measured by the same method as for polyvinyl acetal X.
- any one of the light emitting layer, the adhesive layer, and other layers, any two layers, or all the layers A heat ray absorbent can be contained.
- the heat ray absorber is not particularly limited as long as it has the ability to shield infrared rays, but is tin-doped indium oxide (ITO) particles, antimony-doped tin oxide (ATO) particles, aluminum-doped zinc oxide (AZO) particles, indium-doped oxide.
- ITO indium oxide
- ATO antimony-doped tin oxide
- AZO aluminum-doped zinc oxide
- At least one selected from the group consisting of zinc (IZO) particles, tin-doped zinc oxide particles, silicon-doped zinc oxide particles, lanthanum hexaboride particles and cerium hexaboride particles is preferred.
- the said light emitting layer contains a heat ray absorber
- content of the heat ray absorber contained in the said light emitting layer is 0.00001 weight% or more and 1 weight% or less in 100 weight% of the said light emitting layers.
- the content of the heat ray absorbent contained in the other layer is 0.00001% by weight or more and 1% by weight or less in 100% by weight of the other layer. Is preferred.
- the content of the heat ray absorbent contained in the light emitting layer or the other layer is within the above preferable range, sufficient heat shielding performance can be exhibited.
- the thickness of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m, a preferable upper limit is 2200 ⁇ m, a more preferable lower limit is 100 ⁇ m, a more preferable upper limit is 1700 ⁇ m, and a further preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m. There is a particularly preferred upper limit of 900 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass means the thickness of the minimum thickness portion of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass, and the upper limit of the thickness of the entire interlayer film for laminated glass is the middle for laminated glass It means the thickness of the maximum thickness portion of the entire film.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m.
- a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer is 80 ⁇ m
- the more preferable upper limit is 760 ⁇ m
- the still more preferable lower limit is 90 ⁇ m
- the still more preferable upper limit is 500 ⁇ m
- the particularly preferable upper limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 may have a wedge shape in cross section. If the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass is wedge-shaped, it is possible to display an image with the occurrence of double images prevented by adjusting the wedge-shaped wedge angle ⁇ according to the attachment angle of the laminated glass. From the viewpoint of further suppressing double images, the preferable lower limit of the wedge angle ⁇ is 0.1 mrad, the more preferable lower limit is 0.2 mrad, the still more preferable lower limit is 0.3 mrad, the preferable upper limit is 1 mrad, and the more preferable upper limit is 0.9 mrad.
- an interlayer film for laminated glass having a wedge-shaped cross section is manufactured by a method of extruding a resin composition using an extruder, a slightly inner region (specifically, from one end on the thin side) , Where X is the distance between one end and the other end, and has a minimum thickness in the range from 0X to 0.2X inward from one end on the thin side, and one end on the thick side
- the maximum thickness in the region slightly inside specifically, when the distance between one end and the other end is X, the region from 0X to 0.2X inward from one end on the thick side
- It may become the shape which has. In the present specification, such a shape is also included in the wedge shape.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is set within a certain range, and the entire interlayer film for laminated glass is adjusted by adjusting the cross-sectional shape of the adhesive layer.
- the cross-sectional shape can be adjusted to a wedge shape with a constant wedge angle.
- the entire cross sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass has a constant wedge angle. You may adjust so that it may become a wedge shape.
- the shape auxiliary layer may be laminated only on one surface of the light emitting layer, or may be laminated on both surfaces. Further, a plurality of shape auxiliary layers may be laminated.
- the light emitting layer may have a wedge-shaped cross section or a rectangular shape.
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the light emitting layer is preferably 100 ⁇ m or less. Thereby, an image can be displayed with a certain range of luminance.
- the difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of the light emitting layer is more preferably 95 ⁇ m or less, and still more preferably 90 ⁇ m or less.
- the thickness of the light emitting layer is not particularly limited, but a preferable lower limit is 50 ⁇ m and a preferable upper limit is 700 ⁇ m. When the thickness of the light emitting layer is within this range, a sufficiently high contrast image can be displayed.
- the more preferable lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer is 70 ⁇ m
- the more preferable upper limit is 400 ⁇ m
- the still more preferable lower limit is 80 ⁇ m
- the still more preferable upper limit is 150 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer means the thickness of the minimum thickness portion of the light emitting layer
- the upper limit of the thickness of the light emitting layer means the thickness of the maximum thickness portion of the light emitting layer.
- the adhesive layer When adjusting the cross-sectional shape of the adhesive layer so that the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass as a whole is a wedge shape having a constant wedge angle, the adhesive layer has a wedge-shaped, triangular, trapezoidal cross-sectional shape. Or it is preferable that it is a rectangle.
- the cross sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass as a whole can be adjusted to a wedge shape having a constant wedge angle.
- the thickness of the adhesive layer is not particularly limited, but practical aspects
- the preferable lower limit is 10 ⁇ m
- the preferable upper limit is 1000 ⁇ m
- the more preferable lower limit is 200 ⁇ m
- the more preferable upper limit is 800 ⁇ m
- the further preferable lower limit is 300 ⁇ m.
- the lower limit of the thickness of the adhesive layer means the thickness of the minimum thickness portion of the adhesive layer
- the upper limit of the thickness of the adhesive layer means the thickness of the maximum thickness portion of the adhesive layer. Further, when a plurality of adhesive layers are used in combination, the total thickness is meant.
- FIGS. 4 to 6 are schematic views for explaining an example when the cross-sectional shape of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 is a wedge shape. 4 to 6, for convenience of illustration, the thickness and wedge angle ⁇ of the interlayer film for laminated glass and each layer constituting the interlayer film for laminated glass are shown to be different from the actual thickness and wedge angle. Yes.
- FIG. 4 shows a cross section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 4 for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 4 for laminated glass has a two-layer structure in which an adhesive layer 42 is laminated on one surface of a light emitting layer 41 containing a light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer 41 has a rectangular shape, but the wedge layer ⁇ has a wedge angle ⁇ of 0.1 to 1 mrad as a whole of the interlayer film 4 for laminated glass by making the shape of the adhesive layer 42 a wedge shape, a triangle or a trapezoid. It has become.
- FIG. 5 shows a cross section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 5 for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 5 for laminated glass has a three-layer structure in which an adhesive layer 52 and an adhesive layer 53 are laminated on both surfaces of a light emitting layer 51 containing a light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer 51 and the adhesive layer 53 have a rectangular shape with a constant thickness, whereas the shape of the adhesive layer 52 is wedge-shaped, triangular, or trapezoidal so that the interlayer film 5 for laminated glass has a wedge angle ⁇ as a whole.
- FIG. 6 shows a cross section in the thickness direction of the interlayer film 6 for laminated glass.
- the interlayer film 6 for laminated glass has a three-layer structure in which an adhesive layer 62 and an adhesive layer 63 are laminated on both surfaces of a light emitting layer 61 containing a light emitting material.
- the light emitting layer 61 has a gentle wedge shape with a difference between the maximum thickness and the minimum thickness of 100 ⁇ m or less.
- the wedge angle ⁇ of the laminated glass intermediate film 6 as a whole is 0. .It has a wedge shape of 1 to 1 mrad.
- the manufacturing method of the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 is not particularly limited.
- a plasticizer solution containing a plasticizer and a lanthanoid complex having a polydentate ligand containing a halogen atom and a thermoplastic resin are sufficiently mixed to produce a resin composition for forming a light emitting layer.
- a plasticizer solution containing the metal salt and the plasticizer and a thermoplastic resin are sufficiently mixed to prepare a resin composition for forming the first and second adhesive layers.
- the resin composition for forming the light emitting layer and the resin composition for forming the first and second adhesive layers are coextruded using a coextrusion machine, and the first adhesive layer, the light emitting layer, and the second adhesive An interlayer film for laminated glass in which layers are laminated in this order can be produced.
- the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 has the light emitting layer, it emits light when irradiated with a light beam having a specific wavelength. By utilizing this property, information can be displayed with high contrast.
- a spot light source manufactured by Hamamatsu Photonics, LC-8
- a xenon flash lamp manufactured by Heraeus, CW lamp
- a black light manufactured by Inoue Seieido
- Carry hand and the like.
- the laminated glass in which the interlayer film for laminated glass of the present invention 2 is laminated between a pair of glass plates is also one aspect of the present invention.
- the said glass plate can use the transparent plate glass generally used. Examples thereof include inorganic glass such as float plate glass, polished plate glass, template glass, netted glass, wire-containing plate glass, colored plate glass, heat ray absorbing glass, heat ray reflecting glass, and green glass.
- the ultraviolet shielding glass in which the ultraviolet shielding coating layer was formed in the glass surface can be used, it is preferable to use as a glass plate opposite to the side irradiated with the light ray of a specific wavelength.
- organic plastics plates such as polyethylene terephthalate, polycarbonate, and polyacrylate can be used as the glass plate.
- Two or more types of glass plates may be used as the glass plate.
- stacked the intermediate film for laminated glasses of this invention 2 between transparent float plate glass and the colored glass plate like green glass is mentioned.
- the laminated glass containing the intermediate film for laminated glasses which can display an image with high light emission intensity by irradiating a light ray, and this intermediate film for laminated glasses can be provided.
- Example 1 (1) Preparation of Eu (TFA) 3 phen Europium acetate (Eu (CH 3 COO) 3 ) 5 g (12.5 mmol) was dissolved in 50 mL of distilled water, and trifluoroacetylacetone (TFA, CH 3 COCH 2 COCF 3 ) 7 g (33.6 mmol) was added and stirred at room temperature for 3 hours. The precipitated solid was filtered, washed with water, and recrystallized with methanol and distilled water to obtain Eu (TFA) 3 (H 2 O) 2 ).
- Polyvinyl butyral 1 (hereinafter also referred to as “PVB1”) was obtained.
- the amount of acetyl groups of polyvinyl butyral 1 was 0.9 mol%, the degree of butyralization was 68.5 mol%, and the amount of hydroxyl groups was 30.6 mol%.
- the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness 2.5 mm) having a length of 5 cm and a width of 5 cm to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was vacuum-pressed while being held at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes with a vacuum laminator to be pressure-bonded. After the pressure bonding, pressure bonding was performed for 20 minutes using an autoclave under conditions of 140 ° C. and 14 MPa to obtain a laminated glass.
- Example 2 (1) instead of Eu (TFA) 3 dpphen
- Example 3 (1) instead of Eu (HFA) 3 phen
- Tb (TFA) 3phen was obtained in the same manner as in Example 1 except that terbium acetate was used instead of europium acetate.
- Example 5 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that magnesium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 30 ppm.
- Example 6 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that magnesium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 30 ppm.
- Example 7 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that magnesium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 30 ppm.
- Example 8 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that potassium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the content of potassium in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 30 ppm.
- Example 9 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that sodium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the sodium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 30 ppm.
- Example 10 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the resin composition was mixed with magnesium chloride so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 40 ppm.
- Example 11 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 4 except that magnesium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 40 ppm.
- Example 1 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that magnesium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 70 ppm.
- Comparative Example 2 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 2 except that sodium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the sodium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 100 ppm.
- Example 3 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that the resin composition was blended with magnesium chloride so that the magnesium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 70 ppm.
- Example 4 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 3 except that sodium chloride was added to the resin composition so that the sodium content in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was 100 ppm.
- Example 12 to 17, Comparative Examples 7 to 8 Sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and magnesium chloride in the luminescent plasticizer solution so that the resin composition contains sodium, potassium, and magnesium in the resulting interlayer film for laminated glass as shown in Table 3.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the blending amount was changed and the type and content of the luminescent particles were changed as shown in Table 3.
- Example 18 0.2 parts by weight of Eu (HFA) 3 phen obtained in Example 3 was added to 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and further tin-doped indium oxide particles as a heat ray absorbent An amount of 0.15% by weight in 100% by weight of the intermediate film from which (ITO particles) can be obtained was added to prepare a luminescent plasticizer solution.
- a resin composition was prepared by sufficiently kneading the total amount of the obtained plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl butyral 1 with a mixing roll. The obtained resin composition was extruded using an extruder to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 ⁇ m).
- the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness 2.5 mm) having a length of 5 cm and a width of 5 cm to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was vacuum-pressed while being held at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes with a vacuum laminator to be pressure-bonded. After the pressure bonding, pressure bonding was performed for 20 minutes using an autoclave under conditions of 140 ° C. and 14 MPa to obtain a laminated glass.
- Example 19 0.2 parts by weight of Eu (HFA) 3 phen obtained in Example 3 was added to 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), and cesium-doped tungsten oxide ( An amount of 0.05% by weight in 100% by weight of the intermediate film from which Cs0.33WO3) particles (CWO particles) can be obtained was added to prepare a luminescent plasticizer solution.
- a resin composition was prepared by sufficiently kneading the total amount of the obtained plasticizer solution and 100 parts by weight of the obtained polyvinyl butyral 1 with a mixing roll. The obtained resin composition was extruded using an extruder to obtain an interlayer film for laminated glass (thickness: 760 ⁇ m).
- the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness 2.5 mm) having a length of 5 cm and a width of 5 cm to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was vacuum-pressed while being held at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes with a vacuum laminator to be pressure-bonded. After the pressure bonding, pressure bonding was performed for 20 minutes using an autoclave under conditions of 140 ° C. and 14 MPa to obtain a laminated glass.
- Example 20 An interlayer film for laminated glass and a laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 18 except that the type of the luminescent particles and the content of the heat ray absorbent were changed as shown in Table 4.
- the test solution was obtained by making a constant volume with 18.2 M ⁇ ⁇ cm of ultrapure water.
- quantitative analysis of the metal in the test solution was performed in a closed system using an ICP emission spectrometer (ICPE-9000) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation, and the content of the obtained metal in the interlayer film for laminated glass was measured. The metal content was calculated.
- PVB2 polyvinyl butyral 2
- the amount of acetyl groups in PVB2 was 13 mol%, the amount of butyral groups was 65 mol%, and the amount of hydroxyl groups was 22 mol%.
- the resin composition forming the light emitting layer and the resin composition forming the first and second adhesive layers are coextruded using a coextrusion machine, and the first adhesive layer An interlayer film for laminated glass in which the light emitting layer and the second adhesive layer were laminated in this order was obtained.
- the light emitting layer had a thickness of 100 ⁇ m
- the first and second resin layers each had a thickness of 350 ⁇ m
- the laminated glass intermediate film had a thickness of 800 ⁇ m.
- the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass was laminated between a pair of clear glass (thickness 2.5 mm) 30 cm long and 30 cm wide to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminate was vacuum-pressed while being held at 90 ° C. for 30 minutes with a vacuum laminator to be pressure-bonded. After the pressure bonding, pressure bonding was performed for 20 minutes using an autoclave under conditions of 140 ° C. and 14 MPa, and the intermediate film portion protruding from the glass was cut off to obtain a laminated glass for penetration resistance evaluation.
- Example 23 (1) instead of Eu (TFA) 3 dpphen Preparation 1,10-phenanthroline, except for using 4,7-diphenyl-phenanthroline in the same manner as in Example 22 to give the Eu (TFA) 3 dpphen.
- Examples 25 to 34 Comparative Examples 9 to 13, Reference Example 1
- the contents of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the light emitting layer and the adhesive layer obtained are as shown in Tables 5, 6 and 7.
- Tables 5, 6 and 7. By changing the blending amount of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride, and the blending amount of magnesium acetate in the plasticizer solution in the resin composition forming the first and second adhesive layers, the kind of the europium complex used and the plasticizer An intermediate film for laminated glass, a laminated glass, and a laminated glass for evaluation of penetration resistance were produced in the same manner as in Example 22 except that the blending amounts of were set as shown in Tables 5, 6, and 7.
- a container for dissolution was prepared, ultrapure water (6 mg) and hydrogen peroxide (1 mg) were placed in the container, an insert container was placed in the container for dissolution, and the lid was closed.
- a microwave sample pretreatment device (“ETHOS One” manufactured by Milestone General Co., Ltd.)
- the dissolution vessel was heated at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then the contents in the insert vessel were subjected to specific resistance at 25 ° C.
- the test solution was obtained by making a constant volume with 18.2 M ⁇ ⁇ cm of ultrapure water.
- quantitative analysis of the metal in the test solution was performed in a closed system using an ICP emission analyzer (ICPE-9000) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. From the obtained metal content, The metal content was calculated.
- the entire surface of the laminated glass is irradiated with light, and the shortest distance from the surface of the laminated glass is 35 cm at an angle of 45 degrees from the surface of the laminated glass irradiated with light,
- the luminance was measured with a luminance meter (“SR-3AR” manufactured by Topcon Technohouse Co., Ltd.) arranged on the side irradiated with light.
- Example 35 (Preparation of resin composition for light emitting layer) To 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), 0.5 part by weight of Eu (HFA) 3 phen obtained in Example 3 was added to prepare a luminescent plasticizer solution.
- the resin composition for light emitting layers was prepared by fully knead
- the resin composition for the light emitting layer and the resin composition for the shape auxiliary layer were coextruded using a coextrusion machine, and the shape auxiliary layer, the light emitting layer, and the shape auxiliary layer were laminated in this order.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass having a three-layer structure was obtained.
- the extrusion direction of the obtained interlayer film was 1 m when the shortest distance between one end and the other end in the vertical direction was measured.
- the light emitting layer in the obtained interlayer film for laminated glass has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape having a minimum thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a maximum thickness of 200 ⁇ m.
- the entire interlayer film for laminated glass has a minimum thickness of 800 ⁇ m, a maximum thickness of 1250 ⁇ m, and a wedge angle ⁇ 0.45 mrad. It had a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape.
- One end of the interlayer film for laminated glass has a minimum thickness and the other end has a maximum thickness, and the minimum thickness and the maximum thickness were measured by observation with an optical microscope.
- the obtained interlayer film was sandwiched between two transparent float glasses (length 1000 mm ⁇ width 300 mm ⁇ thickness 2.5 mm) to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminated body was temporarily press-bonded using a 230 ° C. heating roll. Then, the laminated body temporarily crimped
- An intermediate film (thin portion) 10 cm long ⁇ 10 cm wide was cut out so that a point 10 cm from the one end on the shortest distance between the one end and the other end was the center.
- the obtained intermediate film (thin portion) was sandwiched between two transparent float glasses (5 cm long ⁇ 5 cm wide ⁇ 2.5 mm thick) to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminated body was temporarily press-bonded using a 230 ° C. heating roll. Then, the laminated body temporarily crimped
- Examples 37 to 38, Comparative Examples 14 to 15 The blending amount of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride in the resin composition for the light emitting layer is changed and used so that the contents of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the light emitting layer to be the amounts shown in Table 9 are used.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass, a laminated glass, and a laminated glass for luminance measurement were produced in the same manner as in Example 35 except that the types of europium complexes were as shown in Table 9.
- Example 39 (Preparation of resin composition for light emitting layer) To 40 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO), 0.2 part by weight of Eu (HFA) obtained in Example 3 was added to prepare a luminescent plasticizer solution.
- the resin composition for light emitting layers was prepared by fully knead
- a sound insulation layer resin composition was prepared by sufficiently kneading 60 parts by weight of triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate (3GO) and 100 parts by weight of polyvinyl butyral 2 with a mixing roll.
- 3GO triethylene glycol di-2-ethylhexanoate
- the resin composition for the light emitting layer was extruded as a single layer using an extruder to obtain a light emitting layer (thickness: 760 ⁇ m).
- the first resin layer, the sound insulation layer, and the second resin layer resin composition and the sound insulation layer resin composition are coextruded using a coextrusion machine.
- a laminate having a three-layer structure illustrated in FIG. 3 was obtained in which the resin layers were laminated in this order.
- the light emitting layer was laminated
- the shortest distance between one end and the other end in the direction perpendicular to the direction of extrusion of the intermediate film was 1 m.
- the sound insulating layer in the interlayer film for laminated glass thus obtained has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape with a minimum thickness of 100 ⁇ m and a maximum thickness of 200 ⁇ m, and the first resin layer has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape with a minimum thickness of 350 ⁇ m and a maximum thickness of 525 ⁇ m.
- the second resin layer has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape with a minimum thickness of 350 ⁇ m and a maximum thickness of 525 ⁇ m
- the entire interlayer film for laminated glass has a wedge-shaped cross-sectional shape with a minimum thickness of 1560 ⁇ m, a maximum thickness of 2010 ⁇ m, and a wedge angle ⁇ 0.45 mrad.
- One end of the interlayer film for laminated glass has a minimum thickness and the other end has a maximum thickness, and the minimum thickness and the maximum thickness were measured by observation with an optical microscope.
- the obtained interlayer film was sandwiched between two transparent float glasses (length 1000 mm ⁇ width 300 mm ⁇ thickness 2.5 mm) to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminated body was temporarily press-bonded using a 230 ° C. heating roll. Then, the laminated body temporarily crimped
- An intermediate film (thin portion) 10 cm long ⁇ 10 cm wide was cut out so that a point 10 cm from the one end on the shortest distance between the one end and the other end was the center.
- the obtained intermediate film (thin portion) was sandwiched between two transparent float glasses (5 cm long ⁇ 5 cm wide ⁇ 2.5 mm thick) to obtain a laminate.
- the obtained laminated body was temporarily press-bonded using a 230 ° C. heating roll. Then, the laminated body temporarily crimped
- Examples 40 to 44, Comparative Examples 16 to 17 Polyvinyl butyral resin type, luminescent particle type, luminescent particle content, plasticizer content, first resin layer minimum thickness, first resin layer maximum thickness, sound insulating layer minimum thickness, sound insulating layer Maximum thickness, minimum thickness of the second resin layer, maximum thickness of the second resin layer, minimum thickness of the light emitting layer, maximum thickness of the light emitting layer, minimum thickness of the entire intermediate film, maximum thickness of the entire intermediate film, and wedge angle ⁇
- Tables 10 and 11 Were changed as shown in Tables 10 and 11, and an interlayer film for laminated glass and laminated glass were produced in the same manner as in Example 39.
- the blending amounts of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and magnesium chloride in the resin composition for the light emitting layer are adjusted so that the contents of sodium, potassium and magnesium in the obtained light emitting layer are as shown in Tables 10 and 11.
- An interlayer film for laminated glass, a laminated glass, and a laminated glass for luminance measurement were produced in the same manner as in Example 39 except that the types of europium complexes used were changed as shown in Tables 10 and 11.
- a container for dissolution was prepared, ultrapure water (6 mg) and hydrogen peroxide (1 mg) were placed in the container, an insert container was placed in the container for dissolution, and the lid was closed.
- a microwave sample pretreatment device (“ETHOS One” manufactured by Milestone General Co., Ltd.)
- the dissolution vessel was heated at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes, and then the contents in the insert vessel were subjected to specific resistance at 25 ° C.
- the test solution was obtained by making a constant volume with 18.2 M ⁇ ⁇ cm of ultrapure water.
- quantitative analysis of the metal in the test solution was performed in a closed system using an ICP emission analyzer (ICPE-9000) manufactured by Shimadzu Corporation. From the obtained metal content, The metal content was calculated.
- a high power xenon light source manufactured by Asahi Spectroscopic Co., Ltd., “REX-”
- a laminated glass for measuring luminance is placed in a dark room at a position 10 cm away from the surface of the laminated glass. 250 ”, irradiation wavelength 405 nm), the entire surface of the laminated glass is irradiated with light, and the shortest distance from the surface of the laminated glass is 35 cm at an angle of 45 degrees from the surface of the laminated glass irradiated with light, and
- the luminance was measured by a luminance meter (“SR-3AR”, manufactured by Topcon Technohouse Co., Ltd.) arranged on the side irradiated with light.
- SR-3AR manufactured by Topcon Technohouse Co., Ltd.
- the laminated glass (length 1000 mm ⁇ width 300 mm) obtained in the examples and comparative examples was placed at the position of the windshield. Display information was reflected on the laminated glass from the display unit installed below the laminated glass, and the presence or absence of a double image was visually confirmed at a predetermined position. The case where a double image was not confirmed was evaluated as “ ⁇ ”, and the case where a double image was confirmed was evaluated as “x”.
- the laminated glass containing the intermediate film for laminated glasses which can display an image with high light emission intensity by irradiating a light ray, and this intermediate film for laminated glasses can be provided.
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Abstract
Description
HUDとしては、これまでに数々の形態が開発されている。最も一般的なHUDとしてコントロールユニットから送信される速度情報等をインストゥルメンタル・パネルの表示ユニットからフロントガラスに反射させることにより、運転者がフロントガラスと同じ位置、すなわち、同一視野内で速度情報等を視認できるHUDがある。
HUD用の合わせガラス用中間膜として、例えば、特許文献1には、所定の楔角を有する楔形合わせガラス用中間膜等が提案されており、合わせガラスにおいて計器表示が二重に見えるというHUDの欠点を解決することが提案されている。
本発明は、上記現状に鑑み、光線を照射することにより高い発光強度で画像を表示することができる合わせガラス用中間膜、及び、該合わせガラス用中間膜を含む合わせガラスを提供することを目的とする。
以下に本発明を詳述する。
本発明者らは、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を用いて合わせガラス用中間膜を製造したときに発光強度が低下する原因を検討した。その結果、合わせガラス用中間膜中に含まれるカリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウム、とりわけマグネシウムが原因であることを見出した。
合わせガラス用中間膜中には、可塑性樹脂製造時に用いた中和剤等の原料に由来するカリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウムが含まれる。このような合わせガラス用中間膜にハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を配合すると、カリウム、ナトリウム、マグネシウムとランタノイド錯体とが相互作用して、ランタノイド錯体の発光性能が低下するものと考えられた。
本発明者らは、更に鋭意検討の結果、合わせガラス用中間膜中に含まれるカリウム、ナトリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量を一定以下とすることにより、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を用いた場合にでも、発光性が低下するのを防止できることを見出し、本発明1を完成させるに至った。
上記ポリビニルアセタールのアセタール化度の好ましい下限は40モル%、好ましい上限は85モル%であり、より好ましい下限は60モル%、より好ましい上限は75モル%である。
なお、上記アセタール化度及び水酸基量は、例えば、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠して測定できる。
上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度の好ましい下限は500、好ましい上限は4000である。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が500以上であると、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性が高くなる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が4000以下であると、合わせガラス用中間膜の成形が容易になる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度のより好ましい下限は1000、より好ましい上限は3600である。
本発明1の発明者らは、ランタノイド錯体のなかでも、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、300~410nmの波長の光を照射することにより、580~780nmの波長の光を極めて高い発光強度で発光することから、これを用いることにより高コントラストの画像を表示できる合わせガラス用中間膜が得られることを見出した。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、例えば、ターピリジントリフルオロアセチルアセトンユーロピウム、ターピリジンヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトンユーロピウム等が挙げられる。
上記ハロゲン原子を含むアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、例えば、Eu(TFA)3phen、Eu(TFA)3dpphen、Eu(HFA)3phen、[Eu(FOD)3]bpy、[Eu(TFA)3]tmphen、[Eu(FOD)3]phen等が挙げられる。これらのハロゲン原子を含むアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体の構造を示す。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体が粒子状である場合、ランタノイド錯体の平均粒子径の好ましい下限は0.01μm、好ましい上限は10μmであり、より好ましい下限は0.03μm、より好ましい上限は1μmである。
カリウム、ナトリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量を50ppm以下とすることにより、併用する上記ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体の発光性が低下するのを防止することができる。上記発光層に含まれるカリウム、ナトリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量は40ppm以下であることが好ましく、35ppm以下であることより好ましく、10ppm以下であることが更に好ましい。
上記分散剤は、例えば、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩等のスルホン酸構造を有する化合物や、ジエステル化合物、リシノール酸アルキルエステル、フタル酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、セバシン酸エステル、リン酸エステル等のエステル構造を有する化合物や、ポリオキシエチレングリコール、ポリオキシプロピレングリコールやアルキルフェニル-ポリオキシエチレン-エーテル等のエーテル構造を有する化合物や、ポリカルボン酸等のカルボン酸構造を有する化合物や、ラウリルアミン、ジメチルラウリルアミン、オレイルプロピレンジアミン、ポリオキシエチレンの2級アミン、ポリオキシエチレンの3級アミン、ポリオキシエチレンのジアミン等のアミン構造を有する化合物や、ポリアルキレンポリアミンアルキレンオキシド等のポリアミン構造を有する化合物や、オレイン酸ジエタノールアミド、アルカノール脂肪酸アミド等のアミド構造を有する化合物や、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエステル酸アマイドアミン塩等の高分子量型アミド構造を有する化合物等の分散剤を用いることができる。また、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸(塩)や高分子ポリカルボン酸、縮合リシノール酸エステル等の高分子量分散剤を用いてもよい。なお、高分子量分散剤とは、その分子量が1万以上である分散剤と定義される。
コントラストがより一層高い画像を表示できる合わせガラス用中間膜が得られることから、上記発光層中における上記紫外線吸収剤の含有量は、上記熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する好ましい上限は1重量部、より好ましい上限は0.5重量部、更に好ましい上限は0.2重量部、特に好ましい上限は0.1重量部である。
上記可塑剤は特に限定されず、例えば、一塩基性有機酸エステル、多塩基性有機酸エステル等の有機エステル可塑剤、有機リン酸可塑剤、有機亜リン酸可塑剤等のリン酸可塑剤等が挙げられる。上記可塑剤は液状可塑剤であることが好ましい。
上記酸化防止剤は特に限定されず、フェール構造を有する酸化防止剤、硫黄を含む酸化防止剤、リンを含む酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
上記フェノール構造を有する酸化防止剤はフェノール骨格を有する酸化防止剤である。上記フェノール構造を有する酸化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、ステアリル-β-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、2,2’-メチレンビス-(4-メチル-6-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス-(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデン-ビス-(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、1,1,3-トリス-(2-メチル-ヒドロキシ-5-t-ブチルフェニル)ブタン、テトラキス[メチレン-3-(3’,5’-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン、1,3,3-トリス-(2-メチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-t-ブチルフェノール)ブタン、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン、ビス(3,3’-t-ブチルフェノール)ブチリックアッシドグリコールエステル、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオナート]等が挙げられる。上記酸化防止剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
本発明1の合わせガラス用中間膜が多層構造である場合、上記発光層は合わせガラス用中間膜の全面に配置されていてもよく、一部にのみ配置されていてもよく、合わせガラス用中間膜の厚み方向とは垂直の面方向の全面に配置されていてもよく、一部にのみ配置されていてもよい。上記発光層が一部にのみ配置されている場合には、該一部を発光エリア、他の部分を非発光エリアとして、発光エリアにおいてのみ情報を表示できるようにすることができる。
例えば、本発明1の合わせガラス用中間膜に遮音性能を付与するために、上記発光層における熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する可塑剤の含有量(以下、含有量Xともいう。)を、他の層における熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する可塑剤の含有量(以下、含有量Yともいう。)よりも多くすることができる。この場合、上記含有量Xは上記含有量Yよりも5重量部以上多いことが好ましく、10重量部以上多いことがより好ましく、15重量部以上多いことが更に好ましい。合わせガラス用中間膜の耐貫通性がより一層高くなることから、上記含有量Xと上記含有量Yとの差は、50重量部以下であることが好ましく、40重量部以下であることがより好ましく、35重量部以下であることが更に好ましい。なお、上記含有量Xと上記含有量Yとの差は、(上記含有量Xと上記含有量Yとの差)=(上記含有量X-上記含有量Y)により算出される。
また、上記含有量Xの好ましい下限が45重量部、より好ましい下限が50重量部、更に好ましい下限が55重量部、好ましい上限が80重量部、より好ましい上限が75重量部、さらに好ましい上限が70重量部である。上記含有量Xを上記好ましい下限以上とすることにより、高い遮音性を発揮することができる。上記含有量Xを上記好ましい上限以下とすることにより、可塑剤のブリードアウトの発生を抑止し、合わせガラス用中間膜の透明性や接着性の低下を防止することができる。
また、上記含有量Yの好ましい下限が20重量部、より好ましい下限が30重量部、更に好ましい下限が35重量部、好ましい上限が45重量部、より好ましい上限が43重量部、さらに好ましい上限が41重量部である。上記含有量Yを上記好ましい下限以上とすることにより、高い耐貫通性を発揮することができる。上記含有量Yを上記好ましい上限以下とすることにより、可塑剤のブリードアウトの発生を抑止し、合わせガラス用中間膜の透明性や接着性の低下を防止することができる。
上記熱線吸収剤は、赤外線を遮蔽する性能を有すれば特に限定されないが、錫ドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)粒子、アンチモンドープ酸化錫(ATO)粒子、アルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛(AZO)粒子、インジウムドープ酸化亜鉛(IZO)粒子、錫ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、珪素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、6ホウ化ランタン粒子及び6ホウ化セリウム粒子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好適である。
本発明1の合わせガラス用中間膜が多層構造である場合、上記発光層の厚さは特に限定されないが、好ましい下限は50μm、好ましい上限は1000μmである。上記発光層の厚さがこの範囲内であると、特定の波長の光線を照射したときに充分にコントラストの高い発光が得られる。上記発光層の厚さのより好ましい下限は80μm、より好ましい上限は760μm、更に好ましい下限は90μm、更に好ましい上限は500μm、特に好ましい上限は300μmである。
上記特定の波長の光線を照射するための装置として、例えば、スポット光源(浜松ホトニクス社製、LC-8)、キセノン・フラッシュランプ(ヘレウス社製、CWランプ)、ブラックライト(井内盛栄堂社製、キャリーハンド)等が挙げられる。
上記ガラス板は、一般に使用されている透明板ガラスを使用することができる。例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入りガラス、線入り板ガラス、着色された板ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、グリーンガラス等の無機ガラスが挙げられる。また、ガラスの表面に紫外線遮蔽コート層が形成された紫外線遮蔽ガラスも用いることができるが、特定の波長の光線を照射する側とは反対のガラス板として用いることが好ましい。更に、上記ガラス板としてポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート等の有機プラスチックス板を用いることもできる。
上記ガラス板として、2種類以上のガラス板を用いてもよい。例えば、透明フロート板ガラスと、グリーンガラスのような着色されたガラス板との間に、本発明1の合わせガラス用中間膜を積層した合わせガラスが挙げられる。また、上記ガラス板として、2種以上の厚さの異なるガラス板を用いてもよい。
本発明者らは、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を用いて合わせガラス用中間膜を製造したときに発光強度が低下する原因を検討した。その結果、合わせガラス用中間膜中に含まれるアルカリ金属やアルカリ土類金属やマグネシウムが原因であることを見出した。
合わせガラス用中間膜中には、ガラス板との接着力を調整する接着力調整剤としてアルカリ金属塩やアルカリ土類金属塩やマグネシウム塩が配合される。このような合わせガラス用中間膜にハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を配合すると、アルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属やマグネシウムとランタノイド錯体とが相互作用して、ランタノイド錯体の発光性能が低下すると考えられた。しかしながら、合わせガラス用中間膜の耐貫通性を維持するためには、接着力調整剤の配合は必須である。
上記ポリビニルアセタールのアセタール化度の好ましい下限は40モル%、好ましい上限は85モル%であり、より好ましい下限は60モル%、より好ましい上限は75モル%である。
なお、上記アセタール化度及び水酸基量は、例えば、JIS K6728「ポリビニルブチラール試験方法」に準拠して測定できる。
上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度の好ましい下限は500、好ましい上限は4000である。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が500以上であると、得られる合わせガラスの耐貫通性が高くなる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度が4000以下であると、合わせガラス用中間膜の成形が容易になる。上記ポリビニルアルコールの重合度のより好ましい下限は1000、より好ましい上限は3600である。
本発明2の発明者らは、ランタノイド錯体のなかでも、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、300~410nmの波長の光を照射することにより、580~780nmの波長の光を極めて高い発光強度で発光することから、これを用いることにより高コントラストの画像を表示できる合わせガラス用中間膜が得られることを見出した。なかでも、ハロゲン原子を含む二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体又はハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体が好適である。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、例えば、ターピリジントリフルオロアセチルアセトンユーロピウム、ターピリジンヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトンユーロピウムが挙げられる。
上記ハロゲン原子を含みアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、例えば、Eu(TFA)3phen、Eu(TFA)3dpphen、Eu(HFA)3phen、[Eu(FOD)3]bpy、[Eu(TFA)3]tmphen、[Eu(FOD)3]phen等が挙げられる。これらのハロゲン原子を含みアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体の構造を示す。
上記ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体からなる粒子の平均粒子径の好ましい下限は0.01μm、好ましい上限は10μmであり、より好ましい下限は0.03μm、より好ましい上限は1μmである。
上記分散剤は、例えば、直鎖アルキルベンゼンスルホン酸塩等のスルホン酸構造を有する化合物や、ジエステル化合物、リシノール酸アルキルエステル、フタル酸エステル、アジピン酸エステル、セバシン酸エステル、リン酸エステル等のエステル構造を有する化合物や、ポリオキシエチレングリコール、ポリオキシプロピレングリコールやアルキルフェニル-ポリオキシエチレン-エーテル等のエーテル構造を有する化合物や、ポリカルボン酸等のカルボン酸構造を有する化合物や、ラウリルアミン、ジメチルラウリルアミン、オレイルプロピレンジアミン、ポリオキシエチレンの2級アミン、ポリオキシエチレンの3級アミン、ポリオキシエチレンのジアミン等のアミン構造を有する化合物や、ポリアルキレンポリアミンアルキレンオキシド等のポリアミン構造を有する化合物や、オレイン酸ジエタノールアミド、アルカノール脂肪酸アミド等のアミド構造を有する化合物や、ポリビニルピロリドン、ポリエステル酸アマイドアミン塩等の高分子量型アミド構造を有する化合物等の分散剤を用いることができる。また、ポリオキシエチレンアルキルエーテルリン酸(塩)や高分子ポリカルボン酸、縮合リシノール酸エステル等の高分子量分散剤を用いてもよい。なお、高分子量分散剤とは、その分子量が1万以上である分散剤と定義される。
コントラストがより一層高い画像を表示できる合わせガラス用中間膜が得られることから、上記発光層中における上記紫外線吸収剤の含有量は、上記熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する好ましい上限は1重量部、より好ましい上限は0.5重量部、更に好ましい上限は0.2重量部、特に好ましい上限は0.1重量部である。
上記可塑剤は特に限定されず、例えば、一塩基性有機酸エステル、多塩基性有機酸エステル等の有機エステル可塑剤、有機リン酸可塑剤、有機亜リン酸可塑剤等のリン酸可塑剤等が挙げられる。上記可塑剤は液状可塑剤であることが好ましい。
上記酸化防止剤は特に限定されず、フェール構造を有する酸化防止剤、硫黄を含む酸化防止剤、リンを含む酸化防止剤等が挙げられる。
上記フェノール構造を有する酸化防止剤はフェノール骨格を有する酸化防止剤である。上記フェノール構造を有する酸化防止剤としては、例えば、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-p-クレゾール(BHT)、ブチル化ヒドロキシアニソール(BHA)、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-エチルフェノール、ステアリル-β-(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート、2,2’-メチレンビス-(4-メチル-6-ブチルフェノール)、2,2’-メチレンビス-(4-エチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、4,4’-ブチリデン-ビス-(3-メチル-6-t-ブチルフェノール)、1,1,3-トリス-(2-メチル-ヒドロキシ-5-t-ブチルフェニル)ブタン、テトラキス[メチレン-3-(3’,5’-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオネート]メタン、1,3,3-トリス-(2-メチル-4-ヒドロキシ-5-t-ブチルフェノール)ブタン、1,3,5-トリメチル-2,4,6-トリス(3,5-ジ-t-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシベンジル)ベンゼン、ビス(3,3’-t-ブチルフェノール)ブチリックアッシドグリコールエステル、ペンタエリスリトールテトラキス[3-(3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシフェニル)プロピオナート]等が挙げられる。上記酸化防止剤は、単独で用いてもよいし、2種以上を併用してもよい。
上記接着層は、合わせガラス用中間膜の接着力を容易に調整し、合わせガラス用中間膜の耐貫通性を維持させる役割を有する。
上記接着層は、また、上記発光層と同様に可塑剤等の添加剤を含有してもよい。
上記金属塩は、炭素数1~16の有機酸のアルカリ金属塩、炭素数1~16の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩又は炭素数1~16の有機酸のマグネシウム塩であることがより好ましく、炭素数2~16の有機酸のアルカリ金属塩、炭素数2~16の有機酸のアルカリ土類金属塩又は炭素数2~16のマグネシウム塩であることが更に好ましく、炭素数2~16のカルボン酸のマグネシウム塩又は炭素数2~16のカルボン酸のカリウム塩であることが特に好ましい。
上記炭素数2~16のカルボン酸のマグネシウム塩及び上記炭素数2~16のカルボン酸のカリウム塩としては特に限定されないが、例えば、酢酸マグネシウム、酢酸カリウム、プロピオン酸マグネシウム、プロピオン酸カリウム、2-エチルブタン酸マグネシウム、2-エチルブタン酸カリウム、2-エチルヘキサン酸マグネシウム、2-エチルヘキサン酸カリウム等が挙げられる。上記有機酸の炭素数の好ましい下限は1、好ましい上限は10、より好ましい下限は2、より好ましい上限は8である。
なお、上記接着層中には、接着力調整剤として配合する上記金属塩に由来するほかにも、熱可塑性樹脂を合成する際に用いる中和剤等に由来するナトリウム、カリウム、マグネシウムも含まれる。
例えば、本発明2の合わせガラス用中間膜に遮音性能を付与するために、上記発光層における熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する可塑剤の含有量(以下、含有量Xともいう。)を、第1、2の接着層における熱可塑性樹脂100重量部に対する可塑剤の含有量(以下、含有量Yともいう。)よりも多くすることができる。この場合、上記含有量Xは上記含有量Yよりも5重量部以上多いことが好ましく、10重量部以上多いことがより好ましく、15重量部以上多いことが更に好ましい。合わせガラス用中間膜の耐貫通性がより一層高くなることから、上記含有量Xと上記含有量Yとの差は、50重量部以下であることが好ましく、40重量部以下であることがより好ましく、35重量部以下であることが更に好ましい。なお、上記含有量Xと上記含有量Yとの差は、(上記含有量Xと上記含有量Yとの差)=(上記含有量X-上記含有量Y)により算出される。
また、上記含有量Xの好ましい下限が45重量部、より好ましい下限が50重量部、更に好ましい下限が55重量部、好ましい上限が80重量部、より好ましい上限が75重量部、さらに好ましい上限が70重量部である。上記含有量Xを上記好ましい下限以上とすることにより、高い遮音性を発揮することができる。上記含有量Xを上記好ましい上限以下とすることにより、可塑剤のブリードアウトの発生を抑止し、合わせガラス用中間膜の透明性や接着性の低下を防止することができる。
また、上記含有量Yの好ましい下限が20重量部、より好ましい下限が30重量部、更に好ましい下限が35重量部、好ましい上限が45重量部、より好ましい上限が43重量部、さらに好ましい上限が41重量部である。上記含有量Yを上記好ましい下限以上とすることにより、高い耐貫通性を発揮することができる。上記含有量Yを上記好ましい上限以下とすることにより、可塑剤のブリードアウトの発生を抑止し、合わせガラス用中間膜の透明性や接着性の低下を防止することができる。
上記熱線吸収剤は、赤外線を遮蔽する性能を有すれば特に限定されないが、錫ドープ酸化インジウム(ITO)粒子、アンチモンドープ酸化錫(ATO)粒子、アルミニウムドープ酸化亜鉛(AZO)粒子、インジウムドープ酸化亜鉛(IZO)粒子、錫ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、珪素ドープ酸化亜鉛粒子、6ホウ化ランタン粒子及び6ホウ化セリウム粒子からなる群より選択される少なくとも1種が好適である。
本発明2の合わせガラス用中間膜において上記発光層の厚さは特に限定されないが、好ましい下限は50μm、好ましい上限は1000μmである。上記発光層の厚さがこの範囲内であると、特定の波長の光線を照射したときに充分にコントラストの高い発光が得られる。上記発光層の厚さのより好ましい下限は80μm、より好ましい上限は760μm、更に好ましい下限は90μm、更に好ましい上限は500μm、特に好ましい上限は300μmである。
また、上記発光層及び上記接着層に、更に形状補助層を積層して、該形状補助層の断面形状を調整することにより、合わせガラス用中間膜全体としての断面形状が一定の楔角である楔形となるように調整してもよい。上記形状補助層は、上記発光層の一方の面にのみ積層されていてもよく、両方の面に積層されていてもよい。更に、複数の形状補助層を積層してもよい。
上記特定の波長の光線を照射するための装置として、例えば、スポット光源(浜松ホトニクス社製、LC-8)、キセノン・フラッシュランプ(ヘレウス社製、CWランプ)、ブラックライト(井内盛栄堂社製、キャリーハンド)等が挙げられる。
上記ガラス板は、一般に使用されている透明板ガラスを使用することができる。例えば、フロート板ガラス、磨き板ガラス、型板ガラス、網入りガラス、線入り板ガラス、着色された板ガラス、熱線吸収ガラス、熱線反射ガラス、グリーンガラス等の無機ガラスが挙げられる。また、ガラスの表面に紫外線遮蔽コート層が形成された紫外線遮蔽ガラスも用いることができるが、特定の波長の光線を照射する側とは反対のガラス板として用いることが好ましい。更に、上記ガラス板としてポリエチレンテレフタレート、ポリカーボネート、ポリアクリレート等の有機プラスチックス板を用いることもできる。
上記ガラス板として、2種類以上のガラス板を用いてもよい。例えば、透明フロート板ガラスと、グリーンガラスのような着色されたガラス板との間に、本発明2の合わせガラス用中間膜を積層した合わせガラスが挙げられる。また、上記ガラス板として、2種以上の厚さの異なるガラス板を用いてもよい。
(1)Eu(TFA)3phenの調製
酢酸ユーロピウム(Eu(CH3COO)3)5g(12.5mmol)を50mLの蒸留水へ溶かし、トリフルオロアセチルアセトン(TFA、CH3COCH2COCF3)7g(33.6mmol)を加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。沈殿した固体を濾過、水洗後、メタノールと蒸留水で再結晶を行なってEu(TFA)3(H2O)2)を得た。得られた錯体(Eu(TFA)3(H2O)25.77gと1,10-フェナントロリン(phen)2.5gを100mLのメタノールに溶かし、12時間加熱還流を行なった。12時間後、メタノールを減圧留去により取り除き、白色生成物を得た。この粉末をトルエンで洗浄し、未反応の原料を吸引濾過により取り除いた後、トルエンを減圧留去し、紛体を得た。トルエン、ヘキサンの混合溶媒により再結晶を行なうことにより、Eu(TFA)3phenを得た。
攪拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA(重合度1700、けん化度99モル%)の7.5質量%水溶液1700kgとn-ブチルアルデヒド74.6kg、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール0.13kgを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。これに、濃度30質量%の硝酸99.44Lを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、更に120分反応を行なった。その後、室温まで冷却して析出した固形分を濾過後、固形分に対して質量で10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄した。その後、0.3質量%の炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を用いて十分に中和を行ない、更に固形分に対して質量で10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し、脱水した後、乾燥させ、ポリビニルブチラール1(以下、「PVB1」ともいう。)を得た。なお、ポリビニルブチラール1のアセチル基量は0.9モル%、ブチラール化度は68.5モル%、水酸基量は30.6モル%であった。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、得られたEu(TFA)3phen0.2重量部を加え、発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、得られたPVB1の100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより樹脂組成物を調製した。
得られた樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出し、合わせガラス用中間膜(厚み760μm)を得た。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、縦5cm×横5cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、合わせガラスを得た。
(1)Eu(TFA)3dpphenの調製
1,10-フェナントロリンの代わりに、4,7-ジフェニルフェナントロリンを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、Eu(TFA)3dpphenを得た。
得られたEu(TFA)3dpphenを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
(1)Eu(HFA)3phenの調製
トリフルオロアセチルアセトンの代わりに、ヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトンを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、Eu(HFA)3phenを得た。
得られたEu(HFA)3phenを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
(1)Tb(TFA)3phenの調製
酢酸ユーロピウムの代わりに、酢酸テルビウムを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、Tb(TFA)3phenを得た。
発光粒子として得られたTb(TFA)3phenを用いた以外は実施例1と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が30ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例2と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が30ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例3と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が30ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例4と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のカリウムの含有量が30ppmとなるように塩化カリウムを配合した以外は実施例2と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のナトリウムの含有量が30ppmとなるように塩化ナトリウムを配合した以外は実施例2と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が40ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例3と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が40ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例4と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が70ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例2と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のナトリウムの含有量が100ppmとなるように塩化ナトリウムを配合した以外は実施例2と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が70ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例3と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のナトリウムの含有量が100ppmとなるように塩化ナトリウムを配合した以外は実施例3と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のマグネシウムの含有量が70ppmとなるように塩化マグネシウムを配合した以外は実施例4と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のナトリウムの含有量が100ppmとなるように塩化ナトリウムを配合した以外は実施例4と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
樹脂組成物に、得られる合わせガラス用中間膜中のナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの含有量が、表3に示す量になるように、発光性の可塑剤溶液中の塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化マグネシウムの配合量を変更し、更に、発光粒子の種類及び含有量を表3に示すように変更した以外は、実施例1と同様にして合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスについて、以下の方法で評価を行った。結果を表1~3に示した。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜について、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)によりナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの含有量を測定した。
縦5cm×横5cmの合わせガラスを、暗室下にて、合わせガラスの面に対して垂直方向に10cm離れた位置に配置したHigh Powerキセノン光源(朝日分光社製、「REX-250」、照射波長405nm)から合わせガラスの全面へ光を照射し、光を照射した合わせガラスの面から45度の角度で、合わせガラスの面からの最短距離が35cmとなる位置であり、かつ光を照射した側に配置した輝度計(トプコンテクノハウス社製、「SR-3AR」)によって輝度を測定した。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、実施例3で得られたEu(HFA)3phen0.2重量部を加え、更に、熱線吸収剤として錫ドープ酸化インジウム粒子(ITO粒子)を得られる中間膜100重量%中0.15重量%となる量を添加し、発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、得られたポリビニルブチラール1 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより樹脂組成物を調製した。
得られた樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出し、合わせガラス用中間膜(厚み760μm)を得た。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、縦5cm×横5cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、合わせガラスを得た。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、実施例3で得られたEu(HFA)3phen0.2重量部を加え、更に、熱線吸収剤としてセシウムドープ酸化タングステン(Cs0.33WO3)粒子(CWO粒子)を得られる中間膜100重量%中0.05重量%となる量を添加し、発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、得られたポリビニルブチラール1 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより樹脂組成物を調製した。
得られた樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出し、合わせガラス用中間膜(厚み760μm)を得た。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、縦5cm×横5cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、合わせガラスを得た。
発光粒子の種類、熱線吸収剤の含有量を表4に示すように変更した以外は、実施例18と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスについて、以下の方法で評価を行った。結果を表4に示した。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜について、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)によりナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの含有量を測定した。測定手順の詳細を下記に記す。合わせガラス用中間幕から試料を0.3g採取し、硝酸6mgと共に、インサート容器に入れた。溶解用の容器を準備し、該容器に超純水(6mg)、過酸化水素(1mg)を入れ、溶解用の容器内にインサート容器を入れてふたをした。
マイクロ波試料前処理装置(マイルストーンゼネラル社製「ETHOS One」)を用いて、溶解用の容器を200℃で15分間加熱させた後、インサート容器内の内容物を25℃条件下で比抵抗18.2MΩ・cmの超純水を用いて定容し試験液を得た。次に、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)を用いて密閉系で、試験液中の金属の定量分析を行い、得られた金属の含有量から合わせガラス用中間膜中の金属の含有量を算出した。
縦5cm×横5cmの合わせガラスを、暗室下にて、合わせガラスの面に対して垂直方向に10cm離れた位置に配置したHigh Powerキセノン光源(朝日分光社製、「REX-250」、照射波長405nm)から合わせガラスの全面へ光を照射し、光を照射した合わせガラスの面から45度の角度で、合わせガラスの面からの最短距離が35cmとなる位置であり、かつ光を照射した側に配置した輝度計(トプコンテクノハウス社製、「SR-3AR」)によって輝度を測定した。
ISO 13837に準拠して、分光光度計(日立ハイテク社製「U-4100」)を用いて、実施例18~21で得られた合わせガラスの波長300~2500nmの透過率/反射率を測定して、Ttsを算出した。
(1)Eu(TFA)3phenの調製
酢酸ユーロピウム(Eu(CH3COO)3)5g(12.5mmol)を50mLの蒸留水へ溶かし、トリフルオロアセチルアセトン(TFA)(CH3COCH2COCF3:7g、33.6mol)を加え、室温で3時間撹拌した。沈殿した固体を濾過、水洗後、メタノールと蒸留水で再結晶を行なってEu(TFA)3(H2O)2を得た。得られたEu(TFA)3(H2O)25.77gと1,10-フェナントロリン(phen)2.5gを100mLのメタノールに溶かし、12時間加熱還流を行なった。12時間後、メタノールを減圧留去により取り除き、白色生成物を得た。この粉末をトルエンで洗浄し、未反応の原料を吸引濾過により取り除いた後、トルエンを減圧留去し、紛体を得た。トルエン、ヘキサンの混合溶媒により再結晶を行なうことにより、Eu(TFA)3phenを得た。
攪拌機を取り付けた2m3反応器に、PVA(重合度2400、けん化度88モル%)の7.5質量%水溶液1700kgとn-ブチルアルデヒド119.4kg、2,6-ジ-t-ブチル-4-メチルフェノール0.13kgを仕込み、全体を14℃に冷却した。これに、濃度30質量%の硝酸99.44Lを添加して、PVAのブチラール化を開始した。添加終了後から10分後に昇温を開始し、90分かけて65℃まで昇温し、更に120分反応を行なった。その後、室温まで冷却して析出した固形分を濾過後、固形分に対して質量で10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄した(中和前の洗浄)。その後、0.3質量%の炭酸水素ナトリウム水溶液を用いて十分に中和を行ない、更に固形分に対して質量で10倍量のイオン交換水で10回洗浄し(中和後の洗浄)、脱水した後、乾燥させ、ポリビニルブチラール2(以下、「PVB2」ともいう。)を得た。なお、PVB2のアセチル基量は13モル%、ブチラール基量は65モル%、水酸基量は22モル%であった。トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、得られたEu(TFA)3phenからなる粒子0.2重量部を加え、発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、ポリビニルブチラール2 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより、発光層を形成する樹脂組成物を調製した。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)100重量部に、接着力調整剤として酢酸マグネシウムを加え、可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、実施例1で得られたPVB1の100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより、第1、2の接着層を形成する樹脂組成物を調製した。なお、第1、2の接着層のマグネシウムの含有量が40ppmとなるように、酢酸マグネシウムをトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)に添加した。
発光層を形成する樹脂組成物、及び、第1、2の接着層を形成する樹脂組成物を、共押出機を用いて共押出し、第1の接着層と発光層と第2の接着層とがこの順に積層された合わせガラス用中間膜を得た。なお、発光層の厚みは100μm、第1、2の樹脂層の厚みはそれぞれ350μmであり、合わせガラス用中間膜の厚みは800μmであった。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、縦5cm×横5cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、合わせガラスを得た。
得られた合わせガラス用中間膜を、縦30cm×横30cmの一対のクリアガラス(厚み2.5mm)の間に積層し、積層体を得た。得られた積層体を、真空ラミネーターにて90℃下、30分保持しつつ真空プレスを行い圧着した。圧着後140℃、14MPaの条件でオートクレーブを用いて20分間圧着を行い、ガラスからはみ出た中間膜部分を切り落とし、耐貫通性評価用合わせガラスを得た。
(1)Eu(TFA)3dpphenの調製
1,10-フェナントロリンの代わりに、4,7-ジフェニルフェナントロリンを用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして、Eu(TFA)3dpphenを得た。
得られたEu(TFA)3dpphenからなる粒子を用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び耐貫通性評価用合わせガラスを製造した。
(1)Eu(HFA)3phenの調製
トリフルオロアセチルアセトンの代わりに、ヘキサフルオロアセチルアセトンを用いた以外は実施22と同様にして、Eu(HFA)3phenを得た。
得られたEu(HFA)3phenからなる粒子を用いた以外は実施例22と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び耐貫通性評価用合わせガラスを製造した。
得られる発光層及び接着層中のナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの含有量が、表5、6、7に示す量になるように、発光層を形成する樹脂組成物における発光性の可塑剤溶液中の塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化マグネシウムの配合量、及び、第1、2の接着層を形成する樹脂組成物における可塑剤溶液中の酢酸マグネシウムの配合量を変更し、用いるユーロピウム錯体の種類や可塑剤の配合量を表5、6、7に示したようにした以外は実施例22と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び耐貫通性評価用合わせガラスを製造した。
実施例、比較例及び参考例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスについて、以下の方法で評価を行った。結果を表5、6、7に示した。
各層中の金属量を測定するためのサンプルとして、合わせガラス用中間膜を製造する際に調製した樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出して単層の発光層及び接着層を製造した。
得られた発光層及び接着層について、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)により含有される金属量を測定した。測定手順の詳細を下記に記す。発光層から試料を0.3g採取し、硝酸6mgと共に、インサート容器に入れた。溶解用の容器を準備し、該容器に超純水(6mg)、過酸化水素(1mg)を入れ、溶解用の容器内にインサート容器を入れてふたをした。
マイクロ波試料前処理装置(マイルストーンゼネラル社製「ETHOS One」)を用いて、溶解用の容器を200℃で15分間加熱させた後、インサート容器内の内容物を25℃条件下で比抵抗18.2MΩ・cmの超純水を用いて定容し試験液を得た。次に、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)を用いて密閉系で、試験液中の金属の定量分析を行い、得られた金属の含有量から発光層及び接着層中の金属の含有量を算出した。
5cm×5cmの合わせガラスを、暗室下にて、合わせガラスの面に対して垂直方向に10cm離れた位置に配置したHigh Powerキセノン光源(朝日分光社製、「REX-250」、照射波長405nm)から合わせガラスの全面へ光を照射し、光を照射した合わせガラスの面から45度の角度で、合わせガラスの面からの最短距離が35cmとなる位置であり、かつ光を照射した側に配置した輝度計(トプコンテクノハウス社製、「SR-3AR」)によって輝度を測定した。
得られた耐貫通性評価用合わせガラスを-18℃±0.6℃の温度に16時間調整し、この合わせガラスの中央部(縦150mm×横150mmの部分)を頭部が0.45kgのハンマーで打って、ガラスの粒径が6mm以下になるまで粉砕し、ガラスが部分剥離した後の膜の露出度を測定し、表8によりパンメル値を求めた。パンメル値が1~7の場合を「○」、0又は8である場合を「×」と評価した。
(発光層用樹脂組成物の調製)
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、実施例3で得られたEu(HFA)3phen0.5重量部を加え、発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、ポリビニルブチラール1 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより発光層用樹脂組成物を調製した。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、接着力調整剤として酢酸マグネシウムを加え、可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、実施例1で得られたポリビニルブチラール1 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより、形状補助層用樹脂組成物を調製した。なお、形状補助層のマグネシウムの含有量が40ppmとなるように、酢酸マグネシウムをトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)に添加した。
発光層用樹脂組成物及び形状補助層用樹脂組成物を、共押出機を用いて共押出することにより、形状補助層、発光層及び形状補助層がこの順に積層した、図3に記載された3層構造の合わせガラス用中間膜を得た。なお、得られた中間膜の押出方向とは垂直方向における一端と他端の最短距離を測定すると1mであった。
また得られた合わせガラス用中間膜における発光層は最小厚み100μm、最大厚み200μmの楔形の断面形状を有し、合わせガラス用中間膜全体では最小厚み800μm、最大厚み1250μm、楔角θ0.45mradの楔形の断面形状を有していた。なお、合わせガラス用中間膜の一端が最小厚みを有し、他端が最大厚みを有しており、光学顕微鏡で観察し、最小厚み及び最大厚みを測定した。
得られた中間膜を、2枚の透明なフロートガラス(縦1000mm×横300mm×厚さ2.5mm)で挟み込んで、積層体を得た。230℃の加熱ロールを用いて、得られた積層体を仮圧着した。その後、加熱ロール法により、オートクレーブを用いて、135℃、圧力1.2MPaの条件で、仮圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラス(縦1000mm×横300mm)を作製した。
一端と他端の最短距離上における、一端から10cmの点を中心となるように、縦10cm×横10cmの中間膜(薄い部分)を切り抜いた。得られた中間膜(薄い部分)を、2枚の透明なフロートガラス(縦5cm×横5cm×厚さ2.5mm)で挟み込んで、積層体を得た。230℃の加熱ロールを用いて、得られた積層体を仮圧着した。その後、加熱ロール法により、オートクレーブを用いて、135℃、圧力1.2MPaの条件で、仮圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、輝度測定用合わせガラス(縦5cm×横5cm)を作製した。
得られる発光層中のナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの含有量が、表9に示す量になるように、発光層用樹脂組成物中の塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化マグネシウムの配合量を変更し、用いるユーロピウム錯体の種類を表9に示したようにした以外は実施例35と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び輝度測定用合わせガラスを製造した。
(発光層用樹脂組成物の調製)
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、実施例3で得られたEu(HFA)3phen0.2重量部を加え、発光性の可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、ポリビニルブチラール1 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより発光層用樹脂組成物を調製した。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)40重量部に、接着力調整剤として酢酸マグネシウムを加え、可塑剤溶液を調製した。得られた可塑剤溶液の全量と、実施例1で得られたポリビニルブチラール1 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより、第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層用樹脂組成物を調製した。なお、第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層のマグネシウムの含有量が40ppmとなるように、酢酸マグネシウムをトリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)に添加した。
トリエチレングリコールジ-2-エチルヘキサノエート(3GO)60重量部と、ポリビニルブチラール2 100重量部とをミキシングロールで充分に混練することにより遮音層用樹脂組成物を調製した。
発光層用樹脂組成物を押出機を用いて単層で押出し、発光層(厚み760μm)を得た。
第1の樹脂層及び第2の樹脂層用樹脂組成物と、遮音層用樹脂組成物とを、共押出機を用いて共押出することにより、第1の樹脂層、遮音層及び第2の樹脂層がこの順に積層した、図3に記載された3層構造の積層体を得た。更に、得られた積層体の第2の樹脂層の外側の表面に、発光層を積層し、合わせガラス用中間膜を得た。中間膜の押出方向とは垂直方向における一端と他端の最短距離を測定すると1mであった。
また得られた合わせガラス用中間膜における遮音層は最小厚み100μm、最大厚み200μmの楔形の断面形状を有し、第1の樹脂層は最小厚み350μm、最大厚み525μmの楔形の断面形状を有し、第2の樹脂層は最小厚み350μm、最大厚み525μmの楔形の断面形状を有し、合わせガラス用中間膜全体では最小厚み1560μm、最大厚み2010μm、楔角θ0.45mradの楔形の断面形状を有していた。なお、合わせガラス用中間膜の一端が最小厚みを有し、他端が最大厚みを有しており、光学顕微鏡で観察し、最小厚み及び最大厚みを測定した。
得られた中間膜を、2枚の透明なフロートガラス(縦1000mm×横300mm×厚さ2.5mm)で挟み込んで、積層体を得た。230℃の加熱ロールを用いて、得られた積層体を仮圧着した。その後、加熱ロール法により、オートクレーブを用いて、135℃、圧力1.2MPaの条件で、仮圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、合わせガラス(縦1000mm×横300mm)を作製した。
一端と他端の最短距離上における、一端から10cmの点を中心となるように、縦10cm×横10cmの中間膜(薄い部分)を切り抜いた。得られた中間膜(薄い部分)を、2枚の透明なフロートガラス(縦5cm×横5cm×厚さ2.5mm)で挟み込んで、積層体を得た。230℃の加熱ロールを用いて、得られた積層体を仮圧着した。その後、加熱ロール法により、オートクレーブを用いて、135℃、圧力1.2MPaの条件で、仮圧着された積層体を20分間圧着し、輝度測定用合わせガラス(縦5cm×横5cm)を作製した。
ポリビニルブチラール樹脂の種類、発光粒子の種類、発光粒子の含有量、可塑剤の含有量、第1の樹脂層の最小厚み、第1の樹脂層の最大厚み、遮音層の最小厚み、遮音層の最大厚み、第2の樹脂層の最小厚み、第2の樹脂層の最大厚み、発光層の最小厚み、発光層の最大厚み、中間膜全体の最小厚み、中間膜全体の最大厚み及び楔角θを表10、11に示すように変更した以外は、実施例39と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスを製造した。
また、得られる発光層中のナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの含有量が、表10、11に示す量になるように、発光層用樹脂組成物中の塩化ナトリウム、塩化カリウム及び塩化マグネシウムの配合量を変更し、用いるユーロピウム錯体の種類を表10、11に示したようにした以外は実施例39と同様にして、合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び輝度測定用合わせガラスを製造した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラスについて、以下の方法で評価を行った。結果を表9、10、11に示した。
各層中の金属量を測定するためのサンプルとして、合わせガラス用中間膜を製造する際に調製した樹脂組成物を、押出機を用いて押出して単層の発光層及び接着層を製造した。
得られた発光層及び接着層について、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)により含有される金属量を測定した。測定手順の詳細を下記に記す。発光層から試料を0.3g採取し、硝酸6mgと共に、インサート容器に入れた。溶解用の容器を準備し、該容器に超純水(6mg)、過酸化水素(1mg)を入れ、溶解用の容器内にインサート容器を入れてふたをした。
マイクロ波試料前処理装置(マイルストーンゼネラル社製「ETHOS One」)を用いて、溶解用の容器を200℃で15分間加熱させた後、インサート容器内の内容物を25℃条件下で比抵抗18.2MΩ・cmの超純水を用いて定容し試験液を得た。次に、島津製作所社製のICP発光分析装置(ICPE-9000)を用いて密閉系で、試験液中の金属の定量分析を行い、得られた金属の含有量から発光層及び接着層中の金属の含有量を算出した。
輝度測定用合わせガラスを、暗室下にて、合わせガラスの面に対して垂直方向に10cm離れた位置に配置したHigh Powerキセノン光源(朝日分光社製、「REX-250」、照射波長405nm)から合わせガラスの全面へ光を照射し、光を照射した合わせガラスの面から45度の角度で、合わせガラスの面からの最短距離が35cmとなる位置であり、かつ光を照射した側に配置した輝度計(トプコンテクノハウス社製、「SR-3AR」)によって輝度を測定した。
実施例及び比較例で得られた合わせガラス(縦1000mm×横300mm)をフロントガラスの位置に設置した。合わせガラスの下方に設置した表示ユニットから表示情報を合わせガラスに反射させ、所定の位置で二重像の有無を目視で確認した。二重像が確認されない場合を「○」、二重像が確認される場合を「×」として評価した。
11 発光層
12 形状補助層
2 合わせガラス用中間膜
21 発光層
22 形状補助層
23 形状補助層
3 合わせガラス用中間膜
31 発光層
32 形状補助層
33 形状補助層
4 合わせガラス用中間膜
41 発光層
42 接着層
5 合わせガラス用中間膜
51 発光層
52 接着層
53 接着層
6 合わせガラス用中間膜
61 発光層
62 接着層
63 接着層
Claims (13)
- 熱可塑性樹脂と、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体とを含有する発光層を有する合わせガラス用中間膜であって、
前記発光層に含まれるカリウム、ナトリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量が50ppm以下である
ことを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。 - ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、ハロゲン原子を含む二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体又はハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 発光層に含まれるマグネシウムの合計の含有量が40ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- ハロゲン原子は、フッ素原子であることを特徴とする請求項1、2又は3記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 発光層は、ハロゲン原子を含むアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を含むことを特徴とする請求項1、2、3又は4記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 請求項1、2、3、4又は5記載の合わせガラス用中間膜が、2枚の透明板の間に積層されていることを特徴とする合わせガラス。
- 熱可塑性樹脂と、ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体とを含む発光層と、
熱可塑性樹脂と、アルカリ金属塩、アルカリ土類金属塩及びマグネシウム塩からなる群から選択された少なくとも1種の金属塩とを含む接着層とを有し、
前記発光層に含まれるアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量が、前記接着層に含まれるアルカリ金属、アルカリ土類金属及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量よりも少ない
ことを特徴とする合わせガラス用中間膜。 - ハロゲン原子を含む多座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体は、ハロゲン原子を含む二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体又はハロゲン原子を含む三座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体であることを特徴とする請求項7記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 発光層に含まれるナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量が、接着層に含まれるナトリウム、カリウム及びマグネシウムの合計の含有量よりも少ないことを特徴とする請求項8記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 発光層に含まれるマグネシウムの含有量が40ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項8又は9記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- ハロゲン原子は、フッ素原子であることを特徴とする請求項8、9又は10記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 発光層は、ハロゲン原子を含みアセチルアセトン骨格を有する二座配位子を有するランタノイド錯体を含むことを特徴とする請求項8、9、10又は11記載の合わせガラス用中間膜。
- 請求項8、9、10、11又は12記載の合わせガラス用中間膜が、2枚の透明板の間に積層されていることを特徴とする合わせガラス。
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| BR112017001868A BR112017001868A2 (pt) | 2014-08-01 | 2015-08-03 | filme intermediário para vidro laminado e vidro laminado |
| KR1020167026034A KR20170038755A (ko) | 2014-08-01 | 2015-08-03 | 합판 유리용 중간막 및 합판 유리 |
| CN201580031928.9A CN106458746B (zh) | 2014-08-01 | 2015-08-03 | 夹层玻璃用中间膜及夹层玻璃 |
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| JP2015542090A JP5973082B2 (ja) | 2014-08-01 | 2015-08-03 | 合わせガラス用中間膜及び合わせガラス |
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| JP2017141131A (ja) * | 2016-02-09 | 2017-08-17 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 発光性シート、合わせガラス用中間膜、及び、合わせガラス |
| WO2017150555A1 (ja) * | 2016-02-29 | 2017-09-08 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | グラデーション模様を表示できるディスプレイ装置、自動車ルーフ用ガラス及び建築物用窓ガラス |
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| WO2019189737A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2019-10-03 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス、ヘッドアップディスプレイシステム及びヘッドアップディスプレイシステムの製造方法 |
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| JPWO2019189734A1 (ja) * | 2018-03-29 | 2021-02-12 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス用中間膜、合わせガラス及び合わせガラスの取り付け方法 |
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- 2015-08-03 JP JP2015542090A patent/JP5973082B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
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- 2015-08-03 CN CN201580031928.9A patent/CN106458746B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-08-03 AU AU2015297377A patent/AU2015297377B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-08-03 US US15/316,293 patent/US20170197386A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| JP7569151B2 (ja) | 2018-03-29 | 2024-10-17 | 積水化学工業株式会社 | 合わせガラス及び合わせガラスの取り付け方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3176136A4 (en) | 2018-03-07 |
| JPWO2016017825A1 (ja) | 2017-04-27 |
| JP2016216356A (ja) | 2016-12-22 |
| RU2017106169A (ru) | 2018-09-03 |
| EP3711946A1 (en) | 2020-09-23 |
| RU2017106169A3 (ja) | 2019-01-17 |
| CN106458746A (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| AU2015297377B2 (en) | 2018-09-27 |
| CA2951233A1 (en) | 2016-02-04 |
| US20170197386A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
| AU2015297377A1 (en) | 2016-12-15 |
| ZA201608605B (en) | 2018-05-30 |
| KR20170038755A (ko) | 2017-04-07 |
| MX2017000889A (es) | 2017-05-01 |
| BR112017001868A2 (pt) | 2017-11-28 |
| US20200061976A1 (en) | 2020-02-27 |
| EP3176136B1 (en) | 2020-07-08 |
| CN106458746B (zh) | 2020-07-24 |
| JP5973082B2 (ja) | 2016-08-23 |
| EP3176136A1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
| RU2681156C2 (ru) | 2019-03-04 |
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