WO2016017534A1 - X線撮像装置および画像再構成方法 - Google Patents
X線撮像装置および画像再構成方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2016017534A1 WO2016017534A1 PCT/JP2015/071025 JP2015071025W WO2016017534A1 WO 2016017534 A1 WO2016017534 A1 WO 2016017534A1 JP 2015071025 W JP2015071025 W JP 2015071025W WO 2016017534 A1 WO2016017534 A1 WO 2016017534A1
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01T—MEASUREMENT OF NUCLEAR OR X-RADIATION
- G01T1/00—Measuring X-radiation, gamma radiation, corpuscular radiation, or cosmic radiation
- G01T1/29—Measurement performed on radiation beams, e.g. position or section of the beam; Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2914—Measurement of spatial distribution of radiation
- G01T1/2985—In depth localisation, e.g. using positron emitters; Tomographic imaging (longitudinal and transverse section imaging; apparatus for radiation diagnosis sequentially in different planes, steroscopic radiation diagnosis)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/02—Arrangements for diagnosis sequentially in different planes; Stereoscopic radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/03—Computed tomography [CT]
- A61B6/032—Transmission computed tomography [CT]
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B6/00—Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis; Apparatus or devices for radiation diagnosis combined with radiation therapy equipment
- A61B6/42—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis
- A61B6/4208—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector
- A61B6/4233—Arrangements for detecting radiation specially adapted for radiation diagnosis characterised by using a particular type of detector using matrix detectors
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N23/00—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00
- G01N23/02—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material
- G01N23/04—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material
- G01N23/046—Investigating or analysing materials by the use of wave or particle radiation, e.g. X-rays or neutrons, not covered by groups G01N3/00 – G01N17/00, G01N21/00 or G01N22/00 by transmitting the radiation through the material and forming images of the material using tomography, e.g. computed tomography [CT]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an image reconstruction technique in an X-ray imaging apparatus.
- An X-ray CT (Computed Tomography) apparatus has an X-ray source that irradiates an object with X-rays, and an X-ray detector that detects X-rays transmitted through the object at a position facing the X-ray source.
- This is an apparatus for reconstructing the difference in the X-ray attenuation rate inside the subject as an image using a data processing system, based on projection data in a plurality of directions obtained by rotating and imaging around the subject.
- the X-ray source an X-ray tube is generally used that irradiates an electrode accelerated with a high voltage to an electrode and generates X-rays using a bremsstrahlung process.
- X-ray detectors are often used in which X-ray detector elements, which are a combination of a scintillator and a photodiode, are arranged in a two-dimensional array in order to capture a wide area at a high speed at a time.
- the spatial resolution of the image obtained by the X-ray CT apparatus depends on the focal spot size, the number of projection data obtained per rotation, that is, the number of views, and the arrangement density of the X-ray detection elements of the X-ray detector. However, it takes a lot of development cost to improve.
- Patent Document 1 discloses an FFS (Flying Focal Spot) technique as a technique for improving the spatial resolution of an X-ray CT apparatus.
- the FFS technique is a technique for doubling the sampling density at the center of an irradiation field (Scan field of view) by oscillating the focal position at high speed during rotational imaging.
- the sampling density can be increased in the arrangement direction of the X-ray detection elements (for example, the channel direction), which is the moving direction of the focal position.
- the CT apparatus performs continuous rotation imaging, the same is applied. It is not possible to obtain the data of two focal positions of FFS at the same time at the projection angle. Accordingly, in order to obtain data for each projection angle in the view direction, it is necessary to interpolate the missing data.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technique for interpolating in the direction along the locus drawn on the sinogram by the center of the image field (Display field of view) as a fan-para conversion technique.
- the position on the sinogram where this pixel position is projected moves along the view direction.
- the trajectory of the position on the sinogram that is, the trajectory drawn on the sinogram (hereinafter referred to as a point response trajectory) differs depending on the pixel position.
- the interpolation method disclosed in Patent Document 2 interpolates along the point response locus at the center of the image field, and is ideal for the center of the image field, but is optimal only at the center of the image field. Interpolation is not performed.
- the point response trajectories of a plurality of pixel positions are taken into consideration, the point response trajectories are different for each pixel position, and therefore the sinogram cannot be interpolated in a single line.
- a representative sinogram is generated by performing interpolation only in a plurality of representative angular directions, and the representative sinogram is weighted and averaged with different weights depending on the reconstructed pixel position at the time of back projection calculation. Use the method.
- an X-ray source that generates X-rays from an X-ray focal point and a plurality of X-ray detection elements are two-dimensionally arranged, irradiated from the X-ray source, and transmitted through a subject.
- An X-ray detector for detecting a line, a rotation mechanism for rotating the X-ray source and the X-ray detector facing each other, and an X-ray from the X-ray source while rotating the irradiation direction of the X-ray
- An X-ray imaging apparatus comprising: a calculation unit that reconstructs a tomographic image of the subject using a plurality of projection data detected by the X-ray detector by irradiation, wherein the plurality of projection data are Including a first sinogram in which acquired data is arranged with a detection element number in the rotation direction of the X-ray detector as a first axis and a projection number corresponding to the rotation angle of the X-ray source as a second axis, Is a data interpolation unit for interpolating the first sinogram
- An image reconstructing unit that reconstructs an image using the second sinogram created by the data interpolating unit, and the data interpolating unit compensates for data loss included in the first sinogram, or When re
- an image reconstruction process including a process of weighted averaging a plurality of the second sinograms with a weight according to an angle difference between the inclination of the locus drawn by the virtual point on the second sinogram and the angle ⁇ . It is characterized by.
- the detection element numbers arranged in the rotation direction of the X-ray detector obtained by an X-ray imaging apparatus having an X-ray source, an X-ray detector, and a rotation mechanism are set to the first.
- a plurality of the second sinograms are weighted and averaged with a weight according to an angle difference between the inclination of the locus drawn on the second sinogram by the virtual point placed at the pixel position to be reconstructed and the angle ⁇ . Characterized by including processing to To do.
- sequence of a detector module Functional block diagram of the arithmetic unit of the X-ray CT apparatus of FIG.
- the figure explaining FFS imaging in the X-ray CT apparatus of FIG. The figure explaining the data (first sinogram) and missing data obtained by FFS imaging Diagram showing the locus of a given pixel on the sinogram Flow showing the operation procedure of the calculation unit of the first embodiment Diagram explaining missing data interpolation Diagram showing the concept of image reconstruction using multiple representative sinograms (second sinogram)
- the figure explaining the example 3 of a change of a first embodiment The figure which shows an example of GUI of 2nd embodiment.
- an X-ray source that generates X-rays from an X-ray focal point and a plurality of X-ray detection elements are arranged two-dimensionally, and is irradiated from the X-ray source and transmitted through a subject.
- An X-ray detector for detecting a line, a rotating mechanism for rotating the X-ray source and the X-ray detector in a state of facing each other, and the X-ray detector by rotating and irradiating X-rays from the X-ray source
- a calculation unit that reconstructs a tomographic image of the subject using a plurality of projection data detected by the computer.
- the plurality of projection data is obtained by arranging acquired data with a detection element number in the rotation direction of the X-ray detector as a first axis and a projection number corresponding to the rotation angle of the X-ray source as a second axis. Includes sinograms.
- the calculation unit includes a data interpolation unit that interpolates the first sinogram, and an image reconstruction unit that reconstructs an image using the second sinogram created by the data interpolation unit, and the data interpolation unit includes: To compensate for missing data in the first sinogram, or to re-arrange the data into a format suitable for reconstruction processing, interpolating along multiple different angles ⁇ to create multiple second sinograms Then, the image reconstruction unit has a plurality of the first weights with a weight according to an angle difference between the inclination of the locus drawn on the second sinogram by the virtual point placed at the pixel position to be reconstructed and the angle ⁇ . An image reconstruction process including a process of weighted averaging the two sinograms is performed.
- interpolation direction assumes a straight line with a predetermined angle passing through the missing data in the data space (sinogram), and a plurality of data (not missing) located around the missing data.
- Data is the angle (direction) of the straight line when the data existing on the straight line or the data close to the straight line is used for interpolation.
- this does not exclude the use of data that does not exist on a straight line or data that is relatively far from the straight line for interpolation processing.
- FIG. 1 the outline
- the structure of the image pickup unit is shown as a view as seen from the body axis direction of the subject 3 to be inspected, and a portion for performing control / calculation (referred to as a control system) is shown in a block diagram.
- the imaging unit includes a gantry (not shown), an opening 2 through which the subject 3 can enter is provided at the center thereof, and a scanner device (rotation mechanism) having a rotating plate and a driving mechanism therein is accommodated.
- the rotating plate is supported by the gantry so as to be rotatable about the center of the opening 2 as a rotation center axis, and includes an X-ray tube 1 as an X-ray source and an X-ray detector 4.
- a bed 5 is provided so as to be movable in the opening 2, and the subject 3 is moved into the opening 2 while being placed on the bed 5. With such a configuration, the subject 3 in the opening 2 can be rotated and imaged.
- the X-ray source includes an X-ray tube 1 and a magnetic field (or electric field) generating device that drives the X-ray tube 1, and the X-ray focal point 9 within the X-ray tube 1 has an X-ray from the X-ray focal point 9. Is generated.
- An X-ray detector 4 is disposed at a position facing the X-ray tube 1 across the subject 3.
- the X-ray detector 4 is divided into a plurality of modules 8, and each detector module 8 is arranged in an arc shape or a flat panel shape with the X-ray focal point 9 as the center.
- the detector module 8 has a plurality of X-ray detection elements 41 arranged in a two-dimensional array.
- the arrangement direction along the arc of the X-ray detection element is referred to as a channel direction
- the arrangement direction along the body axis direction of the subject 3 is referred to as a slice direction.
- the control system mainly includes a recording device 101 such as a memory and a hard disk drive, an arithmetic device (arithmetic unit) 102 such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit), a control device (control unit) 103, an input device 104 such as a mouse and a keyboard, and It comprises an output device 105 such as a monitor or a printer.
- the output device 105 can also form a GUI (Graphical User Interface) together with the input device 104.
- the storage device 101 stores data obtained by imaging, data being calculated by the arithmetic device 102, parameters and numerical values necessary for the arithmetic device 102, and programs for operating the arithmetic device 102 and the control device 103. Has been.
- the calculation device 102 performs calculations such as data correction and interpolation in addition to calculations for image reconstruction such as projection and backprojection.
- the control device 103 controls the operation of the entire device, such as control of the scanner device, control of the operation of the X-ray tube 1 and the X-ray detector 4, and control of the bed 5 on which the subject 3 is laid.
- control of the X-ray source has a function to vibrate the focal position of the X-ray tube 1
- control to vibrate the focal position is performed with rotational imaging.
- the imaging control of the X-ray CT apparatus 100 is performed under the control of the control device 103 based on the scan conditions set by the user through the input device 104.
- a large number of projection data (data detected by the X-ray detector 4) obtained by rotational imaging is recorded in the recording device 101, image processing calculation is executed by the calculation device 102, and monitored as information such as a tomographic image of the subject 3. Displayed on the output device 105.
- the X-ray CT apparatus of the present embodiment is characterized by the function of the arithmetic unit 102, specifically, the data interpolation process when the detected data is defective.
- An example of a functional block diagram of the arithmetic unit 102 having a data interpolation processing function is shown in FIG.
- the arithmetic unit 102 includes a correction unit 1021 that performs correction such as offset correction, sensitivity correction, scattered ray correction, and beam hardening correction on the measured data, and the measured data is fan beam data.
- a fan-para conversion unit 1022 for converting into virtual parallel beam data
- a data interpolation unit 1023 for performing processing for interpolating a missing part of measured data (referred to as missing data)
- An image reconstruction unit 1024 for reconstructing the image.
- Some or all of the functions of these units are realized by loading a program stored in advance in the storage device 101 into the CPU and executing it. Some of the functions may be realized by ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit) or FPGA (Field-Programmable Gate Array).
- FFS imaging which is a typical example, will be described as an example for data having a defect.
- FIG. 4 shows a conceptual diagram of double density sampling by FFS.
- the focus displacement direction can be a gantry rotation direction (channel direction) or a body axis direction (slice direction).
- FIG. 4 shows a case where the focal point 9 is displaced between the two locations F1 and F2 in the channel direction for the sake of simplicity. In the following, the case where the focal point 9 is displaced in the channel direction will be described. It is not limited to this focal displacement method.
- the density of the line segment connecting the X-ray and the center of the detection element can be doubled near the center of the irradiation field (a plane indicated by the alternate long and short dash line) by the focal displacement.
- Equation (1) The amount of movement ⁇ f of the focal center position (assumed as an average position during one projection) for increasing the double density follows equation (1).
- p det is the detection element pitch in the focal displacement direction
- SOD is the distance between the X-ray focal point 9 and the gantry rotation center
- SID is the distance between the X-ray focal point 9 and the detector module 8 (hereinafter the same).
- the simplest method for interpolating missing data is linear interpolation in the channel direction (channel interpolation) or linear interpolation in the view direction (view interpolation).
- channel interpolation linear interpolation in the channel direction
- view interpolation view interpolation
- the spatial resolution of the irradiation field (SFOV) center is view interpolation
- the spatial resolution around the irradiation field is channel interpolation.
- the optimum interpolation method is considered to be interpolation in the direction along the point response locus drawn by each pixel on the sinogram (hereinafter, locus interpolation).
- locus interpolation The concept of trajectory interpolation is shown in FIG. FIG. 6 shows point response loci LO, LA, and LB on the lower sinogram for the three positions O, A, and B of the irradiation visual field SFOV shown on the upper side.
- the point response locus at the center position O of the irradiation field is a straight line LO parallel to the view direction passing through the center of the channel direction, but at other positions, the amplitude corresponding to the deviation from the center position is obtained.
- a plurality of sinograms (second sinograms, hereinafter referred to as representative sinograms) interpolated in different interpolation directions are created, and image reconstruction (back projection) is performed by weighting the plurality of representative sinograms with different weights for each pixel position.
- image reconstruction back projection
- An image with excellent image quality as a whole is obtained without reducing the spatial resolution depending on the pixel position while reducing the calculation load.
- the representative sinogram several different methods can be taken from the viewpoint of reducing the calculation load and improving the image quality (particularly, improving the spatial resolution).
- an embodiment of the operation of the arithmetic unit 102 will be described.
- the correction unit 1021 performs known corrections such as logarithmic transformation, detection element offset correction and sensitivity correction, X-ray intensity correction, scattered ray correction, and beam hardening correction. (S710).
- the data interpolation unit 1023 determines a representative angle ⁇ i (plurality) with respect to the axis with the view direction as an axis on the sinogram, and performs interpolation in that direction for each representative angle (S720).
- the representative angle ⁇ i is set in predetermined angular increments, for example, with a maximum value of 90 degrees (absolute value).
- the subscript i of ⁇ is a serial number assigned to the representative angle in ascending order of angle.
- the representative angles need not be equally spaced.
- Interpolation in a specific angular direction is interpolation using data (data that is not missing) arranged along the angular direction.
- the defect position is indicated by a square and the surrounding data d1 to d4 are indicated by a circle.
- the sinogram data d is expressed as a function of the detection element number ch in the channel direction, the detection element number sl in the slice direction, and the projection number view.
- w (xx ′) is a weight determined based on the relationship between the missing position x ′ and the vector x that is a variable of the data d (x) for interpolating it.
- the equation (2) is the data closest to the missing position x ′ (FIG. 8). In this case, interpolation is performed by increasing the weight of d1), and the angle direction is not taken into consideration.
- the interpolation is performed in consideration of the distance from the straight line L of the representative angle (angle with respect to the axis in the view direction) through the defect position.
- the data interpolation unit 1023 performs the above interpolation process with the angle direction uniform, and obtains a representative sinogram in the angle direction for all missing positions. This process is performed for all the set angular directions, and the same number of representative sinograms (sinograms after interpolation) as the set angular directions (representative angles) are obtained.
- the fan-para conversion unit 1022 and the image reconstruction unit 1024 perform fan-para conversion (S730) and reconstruction filter processing (S740) for each representative sinogram, respectively.
- the fan-para conversion is a process of converting data obtained as a fan beam into data obtained on the assumption that a parallel beam is irradiated, and is a kind of interpolation process. Weighted interpolation can be performed.
- the reconstruction filter process is a process of convolving a reconstruction function with data.
- a known reconstruction filter such as a Ramachandran filter, a Shepp filter, or a Chesler filter is appropriately selected in consideration of a desired spatial resolution and contrast resolution. Can be applied.
- These reconstruction filters are selected by, for example, the user directly selecting a filter type or a desired resolution via the input device 104.
- FIG. 7 shows an example in which fan-para conversion (S730) is performed after creation of a representative sinogram (S720), these processes may be reversed. That is, after the corrected data is subjected to fan-para conversion, a plurality of representative sinograms having different interpolation directions may be created. However, in order not to reduce the resolution, the procedure shown in FIG. 7 is preferable. In addition, representative sinogram creation (S720) and fan-para conversion (S730) may be performed simultaneously.
- trajectory-interpolated projection data used for backprojection processing is calculated from the representative sinogram (S750).
- D [ ⁇ i ] ( ⁇ i is a representative angle).
- D [ ⁇ i ] is a function of the detection element number CH in the channel direction after fan-para conversion, the detection element number SL in the slice direction after fan-para conversion, and the projection number VIEW after fan-para conversion.
- the point response locus drawn on the sinogram is determined accordingly.
- this trajectory is expressed as f (VIEW)
- the angle ⁇ in the trajectory direction is expressed as arctan [f ′ (VIEW)].
- the sinogram data D [ ⁇ ] used for backprojection is obtained by Expression (6) using a plurality of representative sinograms having a representative angle close to ⁇ .
- Equation (6) g is a weight that is a function of the angle difference between ⁇ and ⁇ i . That is, the smaller the angle difference between ⁇ i and the angle ⁇ of sinogram data D [ ⁇ ], the greater the weight.
- the representative sinogram data used for the calculation of Expression (6) may be only two representative angle data satisfying ⁇ j ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ j + 1 .
- the weight at this time can be expressed by, for example, Equation (7) using the Kronecker delta symbol ⁇ .
- the angle ⁇ in the trajectory direction changes along the point response trajectory f (VIEW) in pixels other than the rotation center position, so the calculation of the above equation (6) is performed by calculating the projection number (view number after fan-para conversion). ) every time.
- FIG. The combination of representative sinograms used differs according to the change in the angle of the point response locus on the sinogram shown on the right side of FIG.
- the representative sinogram interpolated with the interpolation method of ⁇ 30 degrees and the representative sinogram interpolated with the interpolation method of ⁇ 60 degrees are used. Applying the weight of equation (7) to obtain data.
- the region 3 since the point response trajectory is substantially parallel to the view direction, a representative sinogram interpolated by the 0 degree interpolation method is used.
- D [ ⁇ ] obtained by Expression (6) is back-projected onto a certain pixel (S760).
- the calculation method of back projection is generally known, and can be performed by the following method as an example.
- the position where the coordinates of the pixel center are projected onto the parallelized virtual detector plane (the position of the virtual point placed at the pixel position to be reconstructed) is defined as (CH ′, SL ′).
- the above D [ ⁇ ] is data depending on (CH, SL), but CH and SL are discrete, and it is necessary to estimate the data of (CH ′, SL ′) by interpolation.
- the interpolation is performed as shown in Expression (8) using an appropriate weight h according to the distance between the data position to be interpolated and the data position used for the interpolation.
- a tomographic image of the subject can be obtained by performing the processing using the above formulas (6) and (8) or formula (9) for all pixels and all views.
- the tomographic image is displayed on the output device 105 such as a monitor (S770).
- a plurality of representative sinograms having different interpolation directions are prepared, and the data of these representative sinograms are weighted and used for each pixel in consideration of the point response trajectory of the pixel at the time of back projection.
- FFS a technique that can perform approximate point response trajectory interpolation and requires interpolation of missing data
- this embodiment can be applied not only to FFS but also to all measurements when data is lost.
- the present embodiment can also be applied to a case where any X-ray detection element of the X-ray detector 4 is defective and data of the detection element portion is missing.
- the maximum value and the minimum value of the representative angle are set to an angle corresponding to the scan condition.
- the maximum value ⁇ max of the point response trajectory does not exceed 90 degrees
- the maximum value of the representative angle is set to a value smaller than 90 degrees according to the scanning condition.
- the maximum value ⁇ max of the representative angle corresponding to the scanning condition is obtained by the following equation (10).
- the minimum value is given by - ⁇ max .
- VIEW max is the number of views per rotation
- R DFOV is the maximum radius of the pixel position included in the image field when measured in cylindrical coordinates with the gantry rotation center as an axis.
- the R DFOV may be the maximum radius R ROI of pixel positions included in an arbitrary region of interest (ROI, Region Of Interest) designated by the user.
- ROI region of interest
- the calculation load can be further reduced by not creating unnecessary representative sinograms. If the number of representative sinograms is the same, the degree of approximation with trajectory interpolation can be further increased by reducing the step angle, and the accuracy of interpolation can be increased.
- the user selects the reconstruction filter considering the spatial resolution of the image.
- the step angle may be increased to reduce the number of representative sinograms. If a high-resolution reconstruction filter is selected, the step angle may be reduced to improve the accuracy of trajectory interpolation.
- equation (11) gives the same result for + ⁇ and ⁇ , the representative sinogram need only be created for positive angles (0 ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ ⁇ max ).
- This modified example 3 is effective under the restriction that only the data of four adjacent points are used as shown in FIG. That is, when considering only the four neighboring points (d1 to d4) surrounding the missing data, the data to be used and its weight are equal regardless of whether the interpolation direction (angle) is + ⁇ or - ⁇ . In this case, if only a representative sinogram having a positive representative angle is prepared, it is possible to deal with any case where the angle of the point response locus is positive or negative.
- the second embodiment is characterized in that a function for setting a representative sinogram by direct setting by a user is added.
- FIG. 11 shows an example of a GUI displayed on the input device 104.
- This example is a GUI that designates the degree of interpolation as “weak”, “medium”, or “strong”, and is displayed as, for example, a part of a selection menu of image quality by the user.
- the degree of interpolation is selected by the user, the number of representative sinograms is changed according to the selected degree of interpolation. Since the number of representative sinograms is large, that is, when the representative sinogram is created in fine angular increments, the accuracy of interpolation is higher, so the number of representative sinograms is higher than ⁇ weak '', ⁇ medium '', and ⁇ strong '' than ⁇ medium '' The degree of interpolation is changed so that
- a standard interpolation method such as channel interpolation may be set as a default, and locus interpolation may be performed when the degree of interpolation is selected.
- sinograms can be interpolated in a single way, so that the user can select a more accurate interpolation after confirming the image obtained by the standard interpolation method.
- the user may be able to directly input the number of representative sinograms, interpolation angle increments, and maximum interpolation angle.
- the X-ray imaging apparatus of the present invention has been described mainly based on the embodiment applied to the FFS.
- the present invention can be applied not only to the FFS but also to projection data in which missing data is generated and needs interpolation. is there.
- a two-dimensional sinogram having the horizontal axis as the channel direction and the vertical axis as the view direction is shown, but a two-dimensional sinogram having the horizontal axis as the slice direction and the vertical axis as the view direction may be used.
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Abstract
Description
図1に、本実施形態のX線CT装置100の概要を示す。この図では、撮像部の構造を検査対象である被写体3の体軸方向から見た図として示し、制御・演算等を行う部分(制御系という)をブロック図で示す。
FFS撮影では、X線管球1に備わった磁場(もしくは電場)発生装置を用いて、電子ビームの軌道を曲げることによって、X線焦点9の位置を投影(ビュー)毎に変位させる。焦点の変位方向は、ガントリ回転方向(チャネル方向)や、体軸方向(スライス方向)があり得る。図4では、説明を簡単にするために、チャネル方向の二ヵ所F1、F2の間で焦点9を変位させる場合を示しており、以下でもチャネル方向に変位させる場合を説明するが、本発明はこの焦点変位方法に限定されるものではない。
第一実施形態は、予め決められた代表角度について、データ補間を行う。本実施形態による演算装置102の処理の流れを図7に示す。なお、ここでは再構成法はフィルタ補正逆投影法として説明する。
変更例1では、代表角度の最大値及び最小値をスキャン条件に応じた角度に設定する。図6を参照するとわかるように、点応答軌跡の傾きの最大値Θmaxは90度を超えることはないので、代表角度の最大値をスキャン条件に応じて90度より小さい値に設定する。スキャン条件に応じた代表角度の最大値Θmaxは、次式(10)で求められる。なお最小値は-Θmaxで与えられる。
変更例1は、スキャン条件に応じて代表角度の最大値や最小値を変更した例であるが、変更例2では、再構成フィルタの設定に応じて、代表角度の刻み角度を変更する。
変更例3では、補間方法を補間角度の絶対値にのみ依存する形に簡易化する。即ち、代表サイノグラムとして正負の一方(例えば正)のみを採用する。この場合には、式(2)の代わりに式(11)を用いる。
第二実施形態は、ユーザーの直接設定により代表サイノグラムを設定する機能を追加したことが特徴である。
Claims (8)
- X線焦点からX線を発生するX線源と、複数のX線検出素子が二次元的に配列され、前記X線源から照射され被写体を透過したX線を検出するX線検出器と、前記X線源と前記X線検出器を対向配置した状態で回転させる回転機構と、前記X線の照射方向を回転させながら前記X線源からX線を照射することによって前記X線検出器が検出した複数の投影データを用いて前記被写体の断層画像を再構成する演算部とを備えたX線撮像装置であって、
前記複数の投影データは、前記X線検出器の回転方向の検出素子番号を第一の軸、前記X線源の回転角度に対応する投影番号を第二の軸として取得データを並べた第一のサイノグラムを含み、
前記演算部は、前記第一のサイノグラムを補間するデータ補間部と、前記データ補間部で作成された第二のサイノグラムを用いて画像再構成する画像再構成部とを備え、
前記データ補間部は、前記第一のサイノグラムに含まれるデータ欠損を補う、もしくはデータを再構成処理に適した形式に再配置する際に、複数の異なる角度θに沿って補間することで、複数の第二のサイノグラムを作成し、
前記画像再構成部は、再構成したい画素位置に置いた仮想点が前記第二のサイノグラム上に描く軌跡の傾きと、前記角度θとの角度差に応じた重みで、複数の前記第二のサイノグラムを加重平均する処理を含む画像再構成処理を行うことを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線撮像装置であって、
さらに、前記X線源の回転に伴い、前記X線源の焦点位置を複数の位置に切り替えて撮像を制御する制御部を備えることを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線撮像装置であって、
前記データ補間部は、
前記第一のサイノグラムの第二の軸から測った角度をθとし、
補間対象位置を通る角度θの直線と補間に使用するデータとの距離に応じた重みで補間することを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線撮像装置であって、
前記角度θに沿った補間が、角度θの符号に依存しないことを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線撮像装置であって、
前記データ補間部は、1回転当たりのデータサンプリング数(投影ビュー数)及び画像視野もしくは関心領域の位置と大きさに応じて、前記角度θの最大値及び最小値に制限を設けることを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線撮像装置であって、
前記データ補間部は、ユーザーが選択した再構成フィルタ、焦点サイズ、回転速度、ヘリカルピッチ、または逐次近似応用再構成法の平滑化強度の選択に応じて、前記第二のサイノグラムの数を決定することを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - 請求項1に記載のX線撮像装置であって、
さらに、前記演算部による処理の条件を入力する入力部を備え、
前記データ補間部は、前記入力部を介して入力された処理の条件に応じて、作成する第二のサイノグラムの数や、前記角度θの範囲を決定することを特徴とするX線撮像装置。 - X線源とX線検出器と回転機構を備えたX線撮像装置で得た、前記X線検出器の回転方向に並んだ検出素子番号を第一の軸、前記X線源の回転角度に対応する投影番号を第二の軸として取得データを並べた第一のサイノグラムを用いて被写体の断層画像を再構成する方法であって、
前記第一のサイノグラムに含まれるデータ欠損を補う、もしくはデータを再構成処理に適した形式に再配置する際に、複数の異なる角度θに沿って補間し、複数の第二のサイノグラムを作成する処理を含み、
当該処理において、再構成したい画素位置に置いた仮想点が前記第二のサイノグラム上に描く軌跡の傾きと、前記角度θとの角度差に応じた重みで、複数の前記第二のサイノグラムを加重平均する処理を含むことを特徴とする画像再構成方法。
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