WO2015137391A1 - アニリン誘導体およびその利用 - Google Patents
アニリン誘導体およびその利用 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015137391A1 WO2015137391A1 PCT/JP2015/057135 JP2015057135W WO2015137391A1 WO 2015137391 A1 WO2015137391 A1 WO 2015137391A1 JP 2015057135 W JP2015057135 W JP 2015057135W WO 2015137391 A1 WO2015137391 A1 WO 2015137391A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C209/00—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C209/04—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups
- C07C209/06—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms
- C07C209/10—Preparation of compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton by substitution of functional groups by amino groups by substitution of halogen atoms with formation of amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings or from amines having nitrogen atoms bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings
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- C07—ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C07C—ACYCLIC OR CARBOCYCLIC COMPOUNDS
- C07C211/00—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton
- C07C211/43—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton
- C07C211/54—Compounds containing amino groups bound to a carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to carbon atoms of six-membered aromatic rings of the carbon skeleton having amino groups bound to two or three six-membered aromatic rings
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- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K11/00—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials
- C09K11/06—Luminescent, e.g. electroluminescent, chemiluminescent materials containing organic luminescent materials
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/14—Carrier transporting layers
- H10K50/15—Hole transporting layers
- H10K50/155—Hole transporting layers comprising dopants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/321—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3]
- H10K85/324—Metal complexes comprising a group IIIA element, e.g. Tris (8-hydroxyquinoline) gallium [Gaq3] comprising aluminium, e.g. Alq3
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/30—Coordination compounds
- H10K85/341—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes
- H10K85/342—Transition metal complexes, e.g. Ru(II)polypyridine complexes comprising iridium
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K85/00—Organic materials used in the body or electrodes of devices covered by this subclass
- H10K85/60—Organic compounds having low molecular weight
- H10K85/631—Amine compounds having at least two aryl rest on at least one amine-nitrogen atom, e.g. triphenylamine
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K71/00—Manufacture or treatment specially adapted for the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K71/10—Deposition of organic active material
- H10K71/12—Deposition of organic active material using liquid deposition, e.g. spin coating
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an aniline derivative and use thereof.
- organic electroluminescence element In an organic electroluminescence (hereinafter referred to as organic EL) element, a charge transporting thin film made of an organic compound is used as a light emitting layer or a charge injection layer.
- the hole injection layer is responsible for charge transfer between the anode and the hole transport layer or the light emitting layer, and plays an important function to achieve low voltage driving and high luminance of the organic EL element.
- the method of forming the hole injection layer is roughly divided into a dry process typified by vapor deposition and a wet process typified by spin coating. Compared with these processes, the wet process is flatter in a larger area. A highly efficient thin film can be produced efficiently.
- An object of the present invention is to provide an aniline derivative capable of realizing an EL element.
- the present inventors have found that a predetermined aniline derivative that cannot adopt a quinonedimine structure has excellent solubility in an organic solvent, and dissolves it in an organic solvent. It was found that a thin film exhibiting high charge transportability can be obtained from the varnish prepared in the above, and that a high-luminance device can be obtained when the thin film is applied to a hole injection layer of an organic EL device. Completed.
- R 1 to R 5 independently of each other represent a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, Represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and Ph 1 is independently of the formula (P1) Represents a group represented by (Wherein R 6 to R 9 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, Represents an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having
- a charge transport material comprising any one of aniline derivatives 1 to 5; 7).
- a charge transporting material comprising 6 charge transporting substances, 8).
- a charge transporting varnish comprising 6 charge transporting substances and an organic solvent; 9.
- charge transporting varnishes further comprising a dopant material, 10. 9 charge transporting varnishes wherein the dopant material comprises a halotetracyanoquinodimethane compound; 11. 10 charge transporting varnishes, wherein the dopant material further comprises a heteropolyacid, 12 A charge transporting thin film produced using any of the charge transporting varnishes of 8 to 11, 13. An electronic device having 12 charge transporting thin films; 14 An organic electroluminescence device having 12 charge transporting thin films; 15. A method for producing a charge-transporting thin film, comprising applying a charge-transporting varnish of any one of 8 to 11 onto a substrate and evaporating the solvent; 16.
- the aniline derivative of the present invention is easily soluble in an organic solvent, and the charge transporting varnish can be easily prepared by dissolving it in an organic solvent together with a dopant. Since the thin film produced from the charge transport varnish of the present invention exhibits high charge transport properties, it can be suitably used as a thin film for electronic devices including organic EL elements. In particular, by applying this thin film to a hole injection layer of an organic EL element, an organic EL element having excellent luminance characteristics can be obtained.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention can produce a thin film excellent in charge transporting properties with good reproducibility even when using various wet processes capable of forming a large area such as a spin coating method and a slit coating method, It can sufficiently cope with recent progress in the field of organic EL elements.
- the aniline derivative according to the present invention is represented by the formula (1).
- Ph 1 independently represents a group represented by the formula (P1).
- R 1 to R 9 are independently of each other a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, a nitro group, a cyano group, or an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or 2 to 20 carbon atoms. And an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, or a heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms.
- halogen atom examples include a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom, a bromine atom, and an iodine atom.
- the alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms may be linear, branched, or cyclic.
- alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms include ethenyl group, n-1-propenyl group, n-2-propenyl group, 1-methylethenyl group, n-1-butenyl group, n-2-butenyl group, n-3-butenyl group, 2-methyl-1-propenyl group, 2-methyl-2-propenyl group, 1-ethylethenyl group, 1-methyl-1-propenyl group, 1-methyl-2-propenyl group, n- Examples thereof include a 1-pentenyl group, an n-1-decenyl group, and an n-1-eicosenyl group.
- alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include ethynyl group, n-1-propynyl group, n-2-propynyl group, n-1-butynyl group, n-2-butynyl group, and n-3-butynyl.
- aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms include phenyl group, 1-naphthyl group, 2-naphthyl group, 1-anthryl group, 2-anthryl group, 9-anthryl group, 1-phenanthryl group, 2-phenanthryl group. Group, 3-phenanthryl group, 4-phenanthryl group, 9-phenanthryl group and the like.
- heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms examples include 2-thienyl group, 3-thienyl group, 2-furanyl group, 3-furanyl group, 2-oxazolyl group, 4-oxazolyl group, 5-oxazolyl group, 3-isoxazolyl group, 4-isoxazolyl group, 5-isoxazolyl group, 2-thiazolyl group, 4-thiazolyl group, 5-thiazolyl group, 3-isothiazolyl group, 4-isothiazolyl group, 5-isothiazolyl group, 2-imidazolyl group, Examples include 4-imidazolyl group, 2-pyridyl group, 3-pyridyl group, 4-pyridyl group, and the like.
- R 1 to R 9 are each a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group, an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom, or a carbon atom having 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom.
- An aryl group of ⁇ 20 and a heteroaryl group of 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with a halogen atom are preferred, and a carbon number of 1 to 10 which may be substituted with a hydrogen atom, a fluorine atom, a cyano group or a halogen atom
- a phenyl group which may be substituted with an alkyl group or a halogen atom is more preferred
- a hydrogen atom or a fluorine atom is still more preferred
- a hydrogen atom is most preferred.
- Ar 1 in the above formula (1) independently represents any group represented by the formulas (A1) to (A14).
- any group represented by the formulas (A1) to (A12) is preferable from the viewpoint of improving the solubility of the compound in an organic solvent and the charge transportability of the obtained thin film, and the formula (A1)
- Any of the groups represented by (A3), (A5) to (A7), and (A10) to (A12) is more preferred, and the groups represented by formulas (A1), (A5), and (A10) to (A12) Is more preferable, and any one of the groups represented by formulas (A1) and (A5) is more preferable.
- M in the above formula (1) represents an integer of 1 to 5, from the viewpoint of increasing the solubility of the compound in an organic solvent, preferably 4 or less, more preferably 3 or less, from the viewpoint of increasing charge transportability. Two or more are preferable, and three or more are more preferable.
- the carbon number of the alkyl group, alkenyl group, and alkynyl group is preferably 10 or less, more preferably 6 or less, and even more preferably 4 or less.
- the carbon number of the aryl group and heteroaryl group is preferably 14 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less.
- the aniline derivative represented by the formula (1) of the present invention can be produced by reacting an amine compound represented by the formula (2) and an aryl compound represented by the formula (3) in the presence of a catalyst.
- Z represents a halogen atom or a pseudohalogen group
- R 1 to R 5 , Ar 1 , Ph 1 , and m have the same meaning as described above.
- Examples of the halogen atom are the same as described above.
- Examples of pseudohalogen groups include (fluoro) alkylsulfonyloxy groups such as methanesulfonyloxy group, trifluoromethanesulfonyloxy group, and nonafluorobutanesulfonyloxy group; aromatic sulfonyloxy groups such as benzenesulfonyloxy group and toluenesulfonyloxy group Is mentioned.
- the charging ratio of the amine compound represented by the formula (2) and the aryl compound represented by the formula (3) can make the aryl compound equal to or greater than the amount of all NH groups in the amine compound. Is preferably about 1 to 1.2 equivalents.
- Examples of the catalyst used in the above reaction include copper catalysts such as copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide; Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 (tetrakis (triphenylphosphine) palladium), Pd (PPh 3 ) 2 Cl 2. (Bis (triphenylphosphine) dichloropalladium), Pd (dba) 2 (bis (benzylideneacetone) palladium), Pd 2 (dba) 3 (tris (benzylideneacetone) dipalladium), Pd (Pt-Bu 3 ) 2 Palladium catalyst such as (bis (tri-t-butylphosphine) palladium). These catalysts may be used alone or in combination of two or more. These catalysts may be used together with a known appropriate ligand.
- copper catalysts such as copper chloride, copper bromide, copper iodide
- Pd (PPh 3 ) 4 tetrakis (triphenylphosphin
- the amount of the catalyst used can be about 0.2 mol with respect to 1 mol of the aryl compound represented by the formula (3), but about 0.15 mol is preferable.
- the amount used can be 0.1 to 5 equivalents relative to the metal complex to be used, but 1 to 2 equivalents is preferred.
- the above reactions may be performed in a solvent.
- a solvent the type is not particularly limited as long as it does not adversely affect the reaction.
- Specific examples include aliphatic hydrocarbons (pentane, n-hexane, n-octane, n-decane, decalin, etc.), halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons (chloroform, dichloromethane, dichloroethane, carbon tetrachloride, etc.), aromatic Group hydrocarbons (benzene, nitrobenzene, toluene, o-xylene, m-xylene, p-xylene, mesitylene, etc.), halogenated aromatic hydrocarbons (chlorobenzene, bromobenzene, o-dichlorobenzene, m-dichlorobenzene, p-dichlorobenzene, etc.), ethers (diethyl ether, diisopropyl ether
- the reaction temperature may be appropriately set within the range from the melting point to the boiling point of the solvent to be used, but is preferably about 0 to 200 ° C, more preferably 20 to 150 ° C.
- the desired aniline derivative can be obtained by post-treatment according to a conventional method.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention includes a charge transporting substance composed of the aniline derivative represented by the formula (1) and an organic solvent. Depending on the use of the obtained thin film, the charge transporting ability is improved. It may contain a dopant substance for the purpose.
- the dopant substance is not particularly limited as long as it dissolves in at least one solvent used for the varnish, and any of an inorganic dopant substance and an organic dopant substance can be used.
- a heteropolyacid is preferable as an inorganic dopant substance.
- the heteropolyacid has a structure in which a hetero atom is located at the center of a molecule, which is typically represented by a Keggin type represented by the formula (D1) or a Dawson type chemical structure represented by the formula (D2), and vanadium ( V), molybdenum (Mo), tungsten (W), and other polyacids such as isopolyacids that are oxygen acids and oxygenates of different elements are condensed.
- the oxygen acid of such a different element mainly include silicon (Si), phosphorus (P), and arsenic (As) oxygen acids.
- heteropolyacids include phosphomolybdic acid, silicomolybdic acid, phosphotungstic acid, silicotungstic acid, and lintongue molybdic acid. These may be used alone or in combination of two or more. Good.
- the heteropolyacid used by this invention is available as a commercial item, and can also be synthesize
- the one kind of heteropolyacid is preferably phosphotungstic acid or phosphomolybdic acid, and phosphotungstic acid is most suitable.
- one of the two or more types of heteropolyacids is preferably phosphotungstic acid or phosphomolybdic acid, and more preferably phosphotungstic acid.
- Heteropolyacids are those obtained as commercially available products or known syntheses even if the number of elements in the quantitative analysis such as elemental analysis is large or small from the structure represented by the general formula As long as it is appropriately synthesized according to the method, it can be used in the present invention.
- phosphotungstic acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 (PW 12 O 40 ) ⁇ nH 2 O
- phosphomolybdic acid is represented by the chemical formula H 3 (PMo 12 O 40 ) ⁇ nH 2 O, respectively.
- P (phosphorus), O (oxygen), W (tungsten) or Mo (molybdenum) in this formula is large or small, it is obtained as a commercial product.
- W (tungsten) or Mo (molybdenum) in this formula is large or small, it is obtained as a commercial product.
- it can be used in the present invention.
- the mass of the heteropolyacid defined in the present invention is not the mass of pure phosphotungstic acid (phosphotungstic acid content) in the synthesized product or commercially available product, but a commercially available form and a known synthesis. In a form that can be isolated by the method, it means the total mass in a state containing hydration water and other impurities.
- the heteropolyacid contained in the charge transporting varnish of the present invention can be about 0.01 to 50 in terms of mass ratio with respect to the charge transporting material 1 comprising the aniline derivative of the present invention, but is preferably about 0.00. It is about 1 to 10, more preferably about 1.0 to 5.0.
- the organic dopant substance is particularly preferably a tetracyanoquinodimethane derivative or a benzoquinone derivative.
- tetracyanoquinodimethane derivative include 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (TCNQ) and halotetracyanoquinodimethane represented by the formula (4).
- benzoquinone derivative examples include tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone (F4BQ), tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone (chloranil), tetrabromo-1,4-benzoquinone, 2,3-dichloro-5, And 6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone (DDQ).
- F4BQ tetrafluoro-1,4-benzoquinone
- chloranil tetrachloro-1,4-benzoquinone
- DDQ 6-dicyano-1,4-benzoquinone
- R 10 to R 13 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or a halogen atom, but at least one is a halogen atom, preferably at least two are halogen atoms, and at least three are halogen atoms. More preferably, all are most preferably halogen atoms.
- a halogen atom A fluorine atom or a chlorine atom is preferable and a fluorine atom is more preferable.
- halotetracyanoquinodimethane compound examples include 2-fluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2-chloro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2 , 5-Difluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,5-dichloro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,3,5,6-tetrachloro- 7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane, 2,3,5,6-tetrafluoro-7,7,8,8-tetracyanoquinodimethane (F4TCNQ) and the like.
- F4TCNQ is optimal.
- the content of the tetracyanoquinodimethane derivative and the benzoquinone derivative in the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is preferably 0.0001 to 50 equivalents, more preferably 0.001 to 20 equivalents, relative to the aniline derivative of the present invention. More preferably, it is 0.01 to 10 equivalents.
- the dopant substance in consideration of obtaining a highly charge transporting thin film with good reproducibility and availability of a dopant substance, includes at least one of halotetracyanoquinodimethane and a benzoquinone derivative. And at least one of F4TCNQ and DDQ is more preferably included.
- halotetracyanoquinodimethane is used as a dopant substance in consideration of obtaining a long-life element with good reproducibility and availability of the dopant substance.
- At least one of benzoquinone derivatives and a heteropolyacid are preferably included, and at least one of halotetracyanoquinodimethane and benzoquinone derivatives and at least one of phosphotungstic acid and phosphomolybdic acid are more preferably included.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention contains an organosilane compound in consideration of obtaining a long-life device with good reproducibility.
- organosilane compound include dialkoxysilane compounds, trialkoxysilane compounds, and tetraalkoxysilane compounds, which may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the organic silane compound a dialkoxysilane compound or a trialkoxysilane compound is preferable, and a trialkoxysilane compound is more preferable.
- alkoxysilane compounds include those represented by the formulas (5) to (7).
- an alkyl group of Z 1 is 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 substituted with an alkenyl group are optionally 2-20 carbon atoms substituted with Z 1
- an optionally substituted alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is also hetero Z 2 carbon atoms which may be substituted with 6-20 aryl or carbon atoms and optionally substituted by Z 2 2-20
- an alkenyl group of Z 3 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with, Z 3-substituted-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 alkynyl group, Z 4 with an aryl group which have 6 to carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted or Z 4 2 carbon atoms which may be substituted with ⁇
- Z 1 represents a heteroaryl group halogen atom, Z 5-substituted of not having 6 to carbon atoms which may be 20 aryl group, or Z 5 is optionally 2-20 carbon atoms substituted with,
- Z 2 is , halogen atom, optionally substituted by Z 5 in alkyl group having 1 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted
- alkenyl group Z 5 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted by or Z 5
- An alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms is represented.
- Z 3 is a heteroaryl group of a halogen atom, Z 5 aryl groups which do carbon atoms 6 to be 20 substituted, Z 5 is 1-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 substituted with an epoxy cyclohexyl group, glycidoxy group Methacryloxy group, acryloxy group, ureido group (—NHCONH 2 ), thiol group, isocyanate group (—NCO), amino group, —NHY 1 group, or —NY 2 Y 3 group, and Z 4 represents a halogen atom, Z 5 in the optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, Z 5-substituted-2 carbon atoms which may be 20 alkenyl group, Z 5 1-2 carbon atoms which may be substituted with 20 alkynyl group, an epoxycyclohexyl group, a glycidoxy group, a methacryloxy group, an acryloxy group, a ureido group (-NHCONH
- a halogen atom an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an alkynyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms, and Examples of the heteroaryl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms are the same as those described above.
- the alkyl group, alkenyl group and alkynyl group preferably have 10 or less carbon atoms, more preferably 6 or less, and still more preferably 4 or less.
- the carbon number of the aryl group and heteroaryl group is preferably 14 or less, more preferably 10 or less, and even more preferably 6 or less.
- R represents an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms or an alkenyl group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 1 , or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 2. It is preferred, optionally substituted with Z 1, alkyl group or alkenyl group having 2 to 6 carbon atoms having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, or more preferably a phenyl group which may be substituted with Z 2, with Z 2 An optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or a phenyl group optionally substituted with Z 2 is more preferred, and a methyl group or ethyl group optionally substituted with Z 1 is further preferred.
- an aryl group which may having 6 to 20 carbon atoms substituted with an alkyl group or Z 4 of is 1 carbon atoms which may be ⁇ 20 substituted by Z 3, substituted by Z 3 More preferably an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted or an aryl group having 6 to 14 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 4 , and an alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 3 group, or more preferably more aryl group Z 4 are carbon atoms 6 also be ⁇ 10 substituted with, be substituted with an alkyl group or Z 4 of Z 3 - 1 carbon atoms which may be substituted with 4 More preferred is a phenyl group.
- a plurality of R may be all the same or different, and a plurality of R ′ may all be the same or different.
- Z 1 is preferably a halogen atom or an aryl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 5 , more preferably a fluorine atom or a phenyl group which may be substituted with Z 5 , and not present ( That is, it is optimal to be unsubstituted.
- Z 2 is preferably a halogen atom or an alkyl group having 6 to 20 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 5 , more preferably a fluorine atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted with Z 5.
- a halogen atom, Z 5 carbon atoms which may be substituted with 1 to 20 alkyl group, Z 5 in an optionally substituted furanyl group, an epoxycyclohexyl group, a glycidoxy group, a methacryloxy group, acryloxy group, ureido group, a thiol group, an isocyanate group, an amino group, an optionally substituted phenylamino group Z 5 or Z 5 may diphenylamino group are preferable optionally substituted with,, more preferably a halogen atom, It is even more preferable that the fluorine atom or not exist (that is, unsubstituted).
- Z 5 is preferably a halogen atom, more preferably a fluorine atom or not (that is, unsubstituted).
- dialkoxysilane compounds include dimethyldimethoxysilane, dimethyldiethoxysilane, methylethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldimethoxysilane, diethyldiethoxysilane, methylpropyldimethoxysilane, methylpropyldiethoxysilane, diisopropyldimethoxysilane, and phenylmethyl.
- Dimethoxysilane vinylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-glycidoxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3- (3,4-epoxycyclohexyl) ethylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxy Propylmethyldimethoxysilane, 3-methacryloxypropylmethyldiethoxysilane, 3-mercaptopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyl Chill diethoxy silane, N- (2- aminoethyl) aminopropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, 3,3,3-trifluoropropyl methyl dimethoxy silane, and the like.
- trialkoxysilane compounds include methyltrimethoxysilane, methyltriethoxysilane, ethyltrimethoxysilane, ethyltriethoxysilane, propyltrimethoxysilane, propyltriethoxysilane, butyltrimethoxysilane, butyltriethoxysilane, Pentyltrimethoxysilane, pentyltriethoxysilane, heptyltrimethoxysilane, heptyltriethoxysilane, octyltrimethoxysilane, octyltriethoxysilane, dodecyltrimethoxysilane, dodecyltriethoxysilane, hexadecyltrimethoxysilane, hexadecyltriethoxy Silane, octadecyltrimethoxysilane, o
- tetraalkoxysilane compound examples include tetraethoxysilane, tetramethoxysilane, tetrapropoxysilane and the like.
- the content is usually relative to the total mass of the charge transporting material (the charge transporting material and the dopant material when a dopant material is included). Although it is about 0.1 to 50% by mass, the ability to inject holes into a layer that is laminated so as to be in contact with the hole injection layer on the cathode side described above is suppressed while the charge transportability of the obtained thin film is suppressed. In consideration of increasing the amount, it is preferably about 0.5 to 40% by mass, more preferably about 0.8 to 30% by mass, and still more preferably about 1 to 20% by mass.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention may use other known charge transporting materials in addition to the above-described charge transporting material comprising an aniline derivative.
- the organic solvent used in preparing the charge transporting varnish a highly soluble solvent that can dissolve the charge transporting substance and the dopant substance satisfactorily can be used.
- highly soluble solvents include cyclohexanone, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylisobutyramide, N-methylpyrrolidone, 1,3-dimethyl-2-imidazo
- the organic solvent include, but are not limited to, lydinone and diethylene glycol monomethyl ether. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more, and the amount used can be 5 to 100% by mass with respect to the total solvent used in the varnish.
- the charge transporting substance and the dopant substance are preferably either completely dissolved or uniformly dispersed in the solvent, and more preferably completely dissolved.
- the varnish has a viscosity of 10 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 35 to 150 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C., and a boiling point of 50 to 300 ° C., particularly 150 to 250 ° C. at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- a viscosity 10 to 200 mPa ⁇ s, particularly 35 to 150 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C., and a boiling point of 50 to 300 ° C., particularly 150 to 250 ° C. at normal pressure (atmospheric pressure).
- the high viscosity organic solvent examples include cyclohexanol, ethylene glycol, ethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, 1,3-octylene glycol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tripropylene glycol, 1,3-butanediol, Examples include, but are not limited to, 2,3-butanediol, 1,4-butanediol, propylene glycol, hexylene glycol, and the like. These solvents may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the addition ratio of the high-viscosity organic solvent to the entire solvent used in the varnish of the present invention is preferably in the range where no solid precipitates, and the addition ratio is preferably 5 to 80% by mass as long as no solid precipitates.
- solvents are used in an amount of 1 to 90% by mass, preferably It is also possible to mix at a ratio of 1 to 50% by mass.
- solvents include propylene glycol monomethyl ether, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, diethylene glycol diethyl ether, diethylene glycol dimethyl ether, diethylene glycol monoethyl ether acetate, diethylene glycol monobutyl ether acetate, dipropylene glycol monomethyl ether, propylene glycol monomethyl ether acetate, and diethylene glycol.
- Examples include, but are not limited to, monoethyl ether, diacetone alcohol, ⁇ -butyrolactone, ethyl lactate, and n-hexyl acetate. These solvents can be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the viscosity of the varnish of the present invention is appropriately set according to the thickness of the thin film to be produced and the solid content concentration, but is usually 1 to 50 mPa ⁇ s at 25 ° C.
- the solid content concentration of the charge transporting varnish in the present invention is appropriately set in consideration of the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish, the thickness of the thin film to be produced, etc. In consideration of improving the coatability of the varnish, it is preferably about 0.5 to 5.0% by mass, more preferably about 1.0 to 3.0% by mass.
- the method for preparing the charge transporting varnish is not particularly limited. For example, a method of dissolving the aniline derivative of the present invention in a highly soluble solvent and adding a high viscosity organic solvent thereto, or a highly soluble solvent And a high-viscosity organic solvent are mixed and the aniline derivative of the present invention is dissolved therein.
- the charge transport varnish is obtained by dissolving a charge transport material, a dopant material, etc. in an organic solvent, and then using a sub-micron order filter, etc. It is desirable to filter.
- a charge transporting thin film can be formed on a base material by applying the charge transporting varnish described above onto the base material and baking it.
- the coating method of the varnish is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include a dipping method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, a brush coating, an ink jet method, a spray method, and a slit coating method. Accordingly, it is preferable to adjust the viscosity and surface tension of the varnish.
- the firing atmosphere is not particularly limited, and a thin film having a uniform film formation surface and a charge transport property is obtained not only in the air atmosphere but also in an inert gas such as nitrogen or in a vacuum.
- an air atmosphere is preferable.
- the firing temperature is appropriately set within a range of about 100 to 260 ° C. in consideration of the intended use of the obtained thin film, the degree of charge transportability imparted to the obtained thin film, the type and boiling point of the solvent, and the like.
- the obtained thin film is used as a hole injection layer of an organic EL device, it is preferably about 140 to 250 ° C., more preferably about 145 to 240 ° C.
- a temperature change of two or more steps may be applied for the purpose of developing a higher uniform film forming property or causing the reaction to proceed on the substrate. What is necessary is just to perform using suitable apparatuses, such as oven.
- the thickness of the charge transporting thin film is not particularly limited, but is preferably 5 to 200 nm when used as a hole injection layer in an organic EL device.
- a method of changing the film thickness there are methods such as changing the solid content concentration in the varnish and changing the amount of the solution on the substrate during coating.
- the charge transporting thin film of the present invention can be suitably used as a hole injection layer in an organic EL device, but can also be used as a charge transporting functional layer such as a hole injection transport layer.
- Examples of materials used and methods for producing an OLED element using the charge transporting varnish of the present invention include the following, but are not limited thereto.
- the electrode substrate to be used is preferably cleaned in advance by liquid cleaning with a detergent, alcohol, pure water or the like.
- the anode substrate is subjected to surface treatment such as UV ozone treatment or oxygen-plasma treatment immediately before use. It is preferable.
- the anode material is mainly composed of an organic material, the surface treatment may not be performed.
- the example of the manufacturing method of the OLED element which has a positive hole injection layer which consists of a thin film obtained from the charge transportable varnish of this invention is as follows.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied onto the anode substrate and baked to produce a hole injection layer on the electrode.
- This is introduced into a vacuum deposition apparatus, and a hole transport layer, a light emitting layer, an electron transport layer, an electron transport layer / hole block layer, and a cathode metal are sequentially deposited to form an OLED element.
- an electron blocking layer may be provided between the light emitting layer and the hole transport layer.
- anode material examples include a transparent electrode typified by indium tin oxide (ITO) and indium zinc oxide (IZO), a metal anode typified by aluminum, an alloy thereof, and the like. What performed the chemical conversion process is preferable. Polythiophene derivatives and polyaniline derivatives having high charge transporting properties can also be used. Other metals constituting the metal anode include scandium, titanium, vanadium, chromium, manganese, iron, cobalt, nickel, copper, zinc, gallium, yttrium, zirconium, niobium, molybdenum, ruthenium, rhodium, palladium, cadmium.
- Materials for forming the hole transport layer include (triphenylamine) dimer derivative, [(triphenylamine) dimer] spirodimer, N, N′-bis (naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-bis (Phenyl) -benzidine ( ⁇ -NPD), N, N′-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl)- N, N′-bis (phenyl) -benzidine, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-bis ( Naphthalen-1-yl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spirobifluorene, N, N′-bis (3-methylphenyl) -N, N′-bis (phenyl) -9,9-spir
- Materials for forming the light emitting layer include tris (8-quinolinolato) aluminum (III) (Alq 3 ), bis (8-quinolinolato) zinc (II) (Znq 2 ), bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolato) ( p-phenylphenolato) aluminum (III) (BAlq), 4,4′-bis (2,2-diphenylvinyl) biphenyl, 9,10-di (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2-t-butyl- 9,10-di (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2,7-bis [9,9-di (4-methylphenyl) -fluoren-2-yl] -9,9-di (4-methylphenyl) Fluorene, 2-methyl-9,10-bis (naphthalen-2-yl) anthracene, 2- (9,9-spirobifluoren-2-yl) -9,9-spirobifluoren
- luminescent dopants examples include 3- (2-benzothiazolyl) -7- (diethylamino) coumarin, 2,3,6,7-tetrahydro-1,1,7,7-tetramethyl-1H, 5H, 11H-10-.
- Materials for forming the electron transport layer / hole block layer include 8-hydroxyquinolinolate-lithium, 2,2 ′, 2 ′′-(1,3,5-benztolyl) -tris (1-phenyl-1- H-benzimidazole), 2- (4-biphenyl) 5- (4-t-butylphenyl) -1,3,4-oxadiazole, 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10- Phenanthroline, 4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline, bis (2-methyl-8-quinolinolate) -4- (phenylphenolato) aluminum, 1,3-bis [2- (2,2′-bipyridine- 6-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazo-5-yl] benzene, 6,6′-bis [5- (biphenyl-4-yl) -1,3,4-oxadiazo-2-yl] -2 , 2'-bipyri Gin, 3- (4-
- Materials for forming the electron injection layer include lithium oxide (Li 2 O), magnesium oxide (MgO), alumina (Al 2 O 3 ), lithium fluoride (LiF), sodium fluoride (NaF), magnesium fluoride ( MgF 2 ), cesium fluoride (CsF), strontium fluoride (SrF 2 ), molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ), aluminum, Li (acac), lithium acetate, lithium benzoate and the like.
- Examples of the cathode material include aluminum, magnesium-silver alloy, aluminum-lithium alloy, lithium, sodium, potassium, cesium and the like.
- Examples of the material for forming the electron blocking layer include tris (phenylpyrazole) iridium.
- the manufacturing method of the PLED element using the charge transportable varnish of the present invention is not particularly limited, the following method is exemplified.
- the preparation of the OLED element instead of performing the vacuum deposition operation of the hole transport layer, the light emitting layer, the electron transport layer, and the electron injection layer, the hole transport polymer layer and the light emitting polymer layer are sequentially formed.
- a PLED element having a charge transporting thin film formed by the charge transporting varnish of the invention can be produced.
- the charge transporting varnish of the present invention is applied on the anode substrate to prepare a hole injection layer by the above method, and a hole transporting polymer layer and a light emitting polymer layer are sequentially formed thereon. Then, a cathode is vapor-deposited to obtain a PLED element.
- the hole transporting polymer layer and the light emitting polymer layer can be formed by adding a solvent to a hole transporting polymer material or a light emitting polymer material, or a material obtained by adding a dopant substance to the hole transporting polymer material. And a method of forming a film by uniformly dispersing and coating the film on a hole injection layer or a hole transporting polymer layer and then firing the respective layers.
- Examples of the light-emitting polymer material include polyfluorene derivatives such as poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene) (PDAF), poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH). And polyphenylene vinylene derivatives such as -PPV), polythiophene derivatives such as poly (3-alkylthiophene) (PAT), and polyvinylcarbazole (PVCz).
- polyfluorene derivatives such as poly (9,9-dialkylfluorene) (PDAF), poly (2-methoxy-5- (2′-ethylhexoxy) -1,4-phenylenevinylene) (MEH).
- polyphenylene vinylene derivatives such as -PPV
- polythiophene derivatives such as poly (3-alkylthiophene) (PAT)
- PVCz polyvinylcarbazole
- Examples of the solvent include toluene, xylene, chloroform, and the like.
- Examples of the dissolution or uniform dispersion method include methods such as stirring, heating and stirring, and ultrasonic dispersion.
- the application method is not particularly limited, and examples thereof include an inkjet method, a spray method, a dipping method, a spin coating method, a transfer printing method, a roll coating method, and a brush coating method.
- the application is preferably performed under an inert gas such as nitrogen or argon.
- Examples of the firing method include a method of heating in an oven or a hot plate under an inert gas or in a vacuum.
- the vapor-deposited film obtained from the aniline derivative of the present invention is also excellent in charge-transporting properties.
- a conductive thin film may be used.
- Example 2 Manufacture and characteristic evaluation of organic EL element
- the varnish obtained in Example 1 was applied to an ITO substrate using a spin coater, dried at 80 ° C. for 1 minute, and further baked at 150 ° C. for 5 minutes in an air atmosphere to form a 30 nm film on the ITO substrate. A uniform thin film was formed.
- As the ITO substrate a glass substrate of 25 mm ⁇ 25 mm ⁇ 0.7 t in which indium tin oxide (ITO) is patterned on the surface with a film thickness of 150 nm is used, and an O 2 plasma cleaning apparatus (150 W, 30 seconds) before use. To remove impurities on the surface.
- ITO indium tin oxide
- the deposition rate was 0.2 nm / second for BAlq and aluminum, and 0.02 nm / second for lithium fluoride, and the film thicknesses were 20 nm, 0.5 nm, and 120 nm, respectively.
- the characteristic was evaluated. Sealing was performed according to the following procedure. In a nitrogen atmosphere with an oxygen concentration of 2 ppm or less and a dew point of ⁇ 85 ° C.
- the organic EL element is placed between the sealing substrates, and the sealing substrate is adhesive (MORESCO Co., Ltd., Mores Moisture Cut WB90US (P)) Was pasted together.
- a water catching agent manufactured by Dynic Co., Ltd., HD-071010W-40 was placed in the sealing substrate together with the organic EL element.
- the bonded sealing substrate was irradiated with UV light (wavelength: 365 nm, irradiation amount: 6,000 mJ / cm 2 ), and then annealed at 80 ° C. for 1 hour to cure the adhesive.
- the driving voltage, luminance, and luminous efficiency at a driving current of 0.7 mA were measured for the fabricated elements. The results are shown in Table 1.
- the area of the light emitting surface size of each element is 2 mm ⁇ 2 mm.
- the organic EL device having a charge transporting thin film obtained from the charge transporting varnish of the present invention as a hole injection layer has excellent luminance characteristics.
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Abstract
Description
正孔注入層の形成方法は、蒸着法に代表されるドライプロセスと、スピンコート法に代表されるウェットプロセスとに大別され、これら各プロセスを比べると、ウェットプロセスの方が大面積に平坦性の高い薄膜を効率的に製造できる。それゆえ、有機ELディスプレイの大面積化が進められている現在、ウェットプロセスで形成可能な正孔注入層が望まれている。
このような事情に鑑み、本発明者らは、各種ウェットプロセスに適用可能であるとともに、有機EL素子の正孔注入層に適用した場合に優れたEL素子特性を実現できる薄膜を与える電荷輸送性材料や、それに用いる有機溶媒に対する溶解性の良好な化合物を開発してきている(例えば特許文献1~4参照)。
1. 式(1)で表されることを特徴とするアニリン誘導体、
Ar1は、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A14)で表されるいずれかの基を表し、
2. 前記R1~R9が、すべて水素原子である1のアニリン誘導体、
3. 前記Ar1が、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基である1または2のアニリン誘導体、
4. 前記Ar1が、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A3)、(A5)~(A7)、および(A10)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基である3のアニリン誘導体、
5. 前記Ar1が、全て同一の基である1~4のいずれかのアニリン誘導体、
6. 1~5のいずれかのアニリン誘導体からなる電荷輸送性物質、
7. 6の電荷輸送性物質を含む電荷輸送性材料、
8. 6の電荷輸送性物質と、有機溶媒とを含む電荷輸送性ワニス、
9. さらにドーパント物質を含む8の電荷輸送性ワニス、
10. 前記ドーパント物質が、ハロテトラシアノキノジメタン化合物を含む9の電荷輸送性ワニス、
11. 前記ドーパント物質が、さらにヘテロポリ酸を含む10の電荷輸送性ワニス、
12. 8~11のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜、
13. 12の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する電子デバイス、
14. 12の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子、
15. 8~11のいずれかの電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜の製造方法、
16. 式(2)
で表されるアミン化合物を、触媒存在下で、式(3)
で表されるアリール化合物と反応させることを特徴とする1のアニリン誘導体の製造方法
を提供する。
本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスから作製した薄膜は高い電荷輸送性を示すため、有機EL素子をはじめとした電子デバイス用薄膜として好適に用いることができる。特に、この薄膜を有機EL素子の正孔注入層に適用することで、輝度特性に優れた有機EL素子を得ることができる。
また、本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスは、スピンコート法やスリットコート法等、大面積に成膜可能な各種ウェットプロセスを用いた場合でも電荷輸送性に優れた薄膜を再現性よく製造できるため、近年の有機EL素子の分野における進展にも十分対応できる。
本発明に係るアニリン誘導体は、式(1)で表される。
炭素数1~20のアルキル基としては、直鎖状、分岐鎖状、環状のいずれでもよく、例えば、メチル基、エチル基、n-プロピル基、イソプロピル基、n-ブチル基、イソブチル基、s-ブチル基、t-ブチル基、n-ペンチル基、n-ヘキシル基、n-ヘプチル基、n-オクチル基、n-ノニル基、n-デシル基等の炭素数1~20の直鎖または分岐鎖状アルキル基;シクロプロピル基、シクロブチル基、シクロペンチル基、シクロヘキシル基、シクロヘプチル基、シクロオクチル基、シクロノニル基、シクロデシル基、ビシクロブチル基、ビシクロペンチル基、ビシクロヘキシル基、ビシクロヘプチル基、ビシクロオクチル基、ビシクロノニル基、ビシクロデシル基等の炭素数3~20の環状アルキル基などが挙げられる。
これらの中でも、化合物の有機溶媒に対する溶解性や、得られる薄膜の電荷輸送性を向上させるという点から、式(A1)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基が好ましく、式(A1)~(A3)、(A5)~(A7)、および(A10)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基がより好ましく、式(A1)、(A5)、および(A10)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基がより一層好ましく、式(A1)および(A5)で表されるいずれかの基がさらに好ましい。
また、アリール基およびヘテロアリール基の炭素数は、好ましくは14以下であり、より好ましくは10以下であり、より一層好ましくは6以下である。
擬ハロゲン基としては、メタンスルホニルオキシ基、トリフルオロメタンスルホニルオキシ基、ノナフルオロブタンスルホニルオキシ基等の(フルオロ)アルキルスルホニルオキシ基;ベンゼンスルホニルオキシ基、トルエンスルホニルオキシ基等の芳香族スルホニルオキシ基などが挙げられる。
また、配位子を用いる場合、その使用量は、使用する金属錯体に対し0.1~5当量とすることができるが、1~2当量が好適である。
反応終了後は、常法にしたがって後処理をし、目的とするアニリン誘導体を得ることができる。
ドーパント物質としては、ワニスに使用する少なくとも1種の溶媒に溶解するものであれば特に限定されず、無機系のドーパント物質、有機系のドーパント物質のいずれも使用できる。
ヘテロポリ酸とは、代表的に式(D1)で示されるKeggin型あるいは式(D2)で示されるDawson型の化学構造で示される、ヘテロ原子が分子の中心に位置する構造を有し、バナジウム(V)、モリブデン(Mo)、タングステン(W)等の酸素酸であるイソポリ酸と、異種元素の酸素酸とが縮合してなるポリ酸である。このような異種元素の酸素酸としては、主にケイ素(Si)、リン(P)、ヒ素(As)の酸素酸が挙げられる。
特に、1種類のヘテロポリ酸を用いる場合、その1種類のヘテロポリ酸は、リンタングステン酸またはリンモリブデン酸が好ましく、リンタングステン酸が最適である。また、2種類以上のヘテロポリ酸を用いる場合、その2種類以上のヘテロポリ酸の1つは、リンタングステン酸またはリンモリブデン酸が好ましく、リンタングステン酸がより好ましい。
なお、ヘテロポリ酸は、元素分析等の定量分析において、一般式で示される構造から元素の数が多いもの、または少ないものであっても、それが市販品として入手したもの、あるいは、公知の合成方法にしたがって適切に合成したものである限り、本発明において用いることができる。
すなわち、例えば、一般的には、リンタングステン酸は化学式H3(PW12O40)・nH2Oで、リンモリブデン酸は化学式H3(PMo12O40)・nH2Oでそれぞれ示されるが、定量分析において、この式中のP(リン)、O(酸素)またはW(タングステン)もしくはMo(モリブデン)の数が多いもの、または少ないものであっても、それが市販品として入手したもの、あるいは、公知の合成方法にしたがって適切に合成したものである限り、本発明において用いることができる。この場合、本発明に規定されるヘテロポリ酸の質量とは、合成物や市販品中における純粋なリンタングステン酸の質量(リンタングステン酸含量)ではなく、市販品として入手可能な形態および公知の合成法にて単離可能な形態において、水和水やその他の不純物等を含んだ状態での全質量を意味する。
テトラシアノキノジメタン誘導体の具体例としては、7,7,8,8-テトラシアノキノジメタン(TCNQ)や、式(4)で表されるハロテトラシアノキノジメタンなどが挙げられる。
また、ベンゾキノン誘導体の具体例としては、テトラフルオロ-1,4-ベンゾキノン(F4BQ)、テトラクロロ-1,4-ベンゾキノン(クロラニル)、テトラブロモ-1,4-ベンゾキノン、2,3-ジクロロ-5,6-ジシアノ-1,4-ベンゾキノン(DDQ)などが挙げられる。
ハロゲン原子としては上記と同じものが挙げられるが、フッ素原子または塩素原子が好ましく、フッ素原子がより好ましい。
また、得られる薄膜を有機EL素子の正孔注入層として用いる場合、高寿命の素子を再現性よく得ること、ドーパント物質の入手容易性などを考慮すると、ドーパント物質として、ハロテトラシアノキノジメタンおよびベンゾキノン誘導体の少なくとも1種とヘテロポリ酸とが含まれることが好ましく、ハロテトラシアノキノジメタンおよびベンゾキノン誘導体の少なくとも1種とリンタングステン酸およびリンモリブデン酸の少なくとも1種とが含まれることがより好ましく、F4TCNQおよびDDQの少なくとも1種とリンタングステン酸とが含まれることがより一層好ましい。
有機シラン化合物としては、ジアルコキシシラン化合物、トリアルコキシシラン化合物またはテトラアルコキシシラン化合物が挙げられ、これらは単独で用いても、2種以上組み合わせて用いてもよい。
とりわけ、有機シラン化合物としては、ジアルコキシシラン化合物またはトリアルコキシシラン化合物が好ましく、トリアルコキシシラン化合物がより好ましい。
Si(OR)4 (5)
SiR′(OR)3 (6)
Si(R′)2(OR)2 (7)
Z5は、ハロゲン原子、アミノ基、ニトロ基、シアノ基またはチオール基を表す。
RおよびR′において、アルキル基、アルケニル基およびアルキニル基の炭素数は、好ましくは10以下であり、より好ましくは6以下であり、より一層好ましくは4以下である。
また、アリール基およびヘテロアリール基の炭素数は、好ましくは14以下であり、より好ましくは10以下であり、より一層好ましくは6以下である。
また、R′としては、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基またはZ4で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアリール基が好ましく、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10のアルキル基またはZ4で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~14のアリール基がより好ましく、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~6のアルキル基、またはZ4で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~10のアリール基がより一層好ましく、Z3で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~4のアルキル基またはZ4で置換されていてもよいフェニル基がさらに好ましい。
なお、複数のRは、すべて同一でも異なっていてもよく、複数のR′も、すべて同一でも異なっていてもよい。
また、Z2としては、ハロゲン原子またはZ5で置換されていてもよい炭素数6~20のアルキル基が好ましく、フッ素原子またはZ5で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~10アルキルがより好ましく、存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)が最適である。
また、Z4としては、ハロゲン原子、Z5で置換されていてもよい炭素数1~20のアルキル基、Z5で置換されていてもよいフラニル基、エポキシシクロヘキシル基、グリシドキシ基、メタクリロキシ基、アクリロキシ基、ウレイド基、チオール基、イソシアネート基、アミノ基、Z5で置換されていてもよいフェニルアミノ基、またはZ5で置換されていてもよいジフェニルアミノ基が好ましく、ハロゲン原子がより好ましく、フッ素原子、または存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)がより一層好ましい。
そして、Z5としては、ハロゲン原子が好ましく、フッ素原子または存在しないこと(すなわち、非置換であること)がより好ましい。
ジアルコキシシラン化合物の具体例としては、ジメチルジメトキシシラン、ジメチルジエトキシシラン、メチルエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジメトキシシラン、ジエチルジエトキシシラン、メチルプロピルジメトキシシラン、メチルプロピルジエトキシシラン、ジイソプロピルジメトキシシラン、フェニルメチルジメトキシシラン、ビニルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシシラン、3-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシシラン、3-(3,4-エポキシシクロヘキシル)エチルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3-メタクリロキシプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、3-メルカプトプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルメチルジエトキシシラン、N-(2-アミノエチル)アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン等が挙げられる。
このような高溶解性溶媒としては、例えば、シクロヘキサノン、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルイソブチルアミド、N-メチルピロリドン、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、ジエチレングリコールモノメチルエーテル等の有機溶媒が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができ、その使用量は、ワニスに使用する溶媒全体に対して5~100質量%とすることができる。
なお、電荷輸送性物質およびドーパント物質は、いずれも上記溶媒に完全に溶解しているか、均一に分散している状態となっていることが好ましく、完全に溶解していることがより好ましい。
高粘度有機溶媒としては、例えば、シクロヘキサノール、エチレングリコール、エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、1,3-オクチレングリコール、ジエチレングリコール、ジプロピレングリコール、トリエチレングリコール、トリプロピレングリコール、1,3-ブタンジオール、2,3-ブタンジオール、1,4-ブタンジオール、プロピレングリコール、へキシレングリコール等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は単独で用いてもよく、2種以上混合して用いてもよい。
本発明のワニスに用いられる溶媒全体に対する高粘度有機溶媒の添加割合は、固体が析出しない範囲内であることが好ましく、固体が析出しない限りにおいて、添加割合は、5~80質量%が好ましい。
このような溶媒としては、例えば、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、エチレングリコールモノブチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジエチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールジメチルエーテル、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノブチルエーテルアセテート、ジプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル、プロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテルアセテート、ジエチレングリコールモノエチルエーテル、ジアセトンアルコール、γ-ブチロラクトン、エチルラクテート、n-ヘキシルアセテート等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるものではない。これらの溶媒は1種単独で、または2種以上混合して用いることができる。
また、本発明における電荷輸送性ワニスの固形分濃度は、ワニスの粘度および表面張力等や、作製する薄膜の厚み等を勘案して適宜設定されるものではあるが、通常、0.1~10.0質量%程度であり、ワニスの塗布性を向上させることを考慮すると、好ましくは0.5~5.0質量%程度、より好ましくは1.0~3.0質量%程度である。
ワニスの塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、ディップ法、スピンコート法、転写印刷法、ロールコート法、刷毛塗り、インクジェット法、スプレー法、スリットコート法等が挙げられ、塗布方法に応じてワニスの粘度および表面張力を調節することが好ましい。
なお、焼成の際、より高い均一成膜性を発現させたり、基材上で反応を進行させたりする目的で、2段階以上の温度変化をつけてもよく、加熱は、例えば、ホットプレートやオーブン等、適当な機器を用いて行えばよい。
使用する電極基板は、洗剤、アルコール、純水等による液体洗浄を予め行って浄化しておくことが好ましく、例えば、陽極基板では使用直前にUVオゾン処理、酸素-プラズマ処理等の表面処理を行うことが好ましい。ただし陽極材料が有機物を主成分とする場合、表面処理を行わなくともよい。
上記の方法により、陽極基板上に本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを塗布して焼成し、電極上に正孔注入層を作製する。これを真空蒸着装置内に導入し、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子輸送層/ホールブロック層、陰極金属を順次蒸着してOLED素子とする。なお、必要に応じて、発光層と正孔輸送層との間に電子ブロック層を設けてよい。
陽極材料としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)、インジウム亜鉛酸化物(IZO)に代表される透明電極や、アルミニウムに代表される金属やこれらの合金等から構成される金属陽極が挙げられ、平坦化処理を行ったものが好ましい。高電荷輸送性を有するポリチオフェン誘導体やポリアニリン誘導体を用いることもできる。
なお、金属陽極を構成するその他の金属としては、スカンジウム、チタン、バナジウム、クロム、マンガン、鉄、コバルト、ニッケル、銅、亜鉛、ガリウム、イットリウム、ジルコニウム、ニオブ、モリブデン、ルテニウム、ロジウム、パラジウム、カドミウム、インジウム、スカンジウム、ランタン、セリウム、プラセオジム、ネオジム、プロメチウム、サマリウム、ユウロピウム、ガドリニウム、テルビウム、ジスプロシウム、ホルミウム、エルビウム、ツリウム、イッテルビウム、ハフニウム、タリウム、タングステン、レニウム、オスミウム、イリジウム、プラチナ、金、チタン、鉛、ビスマスやこれらの合金等が挙げられるが、これらに限定されるわけではない。
陰極材料としては、アルミニウム、マグネシウム-銀合金、アルミニウム-リチウム合金、リチウム、ナトリウム、カリウム、セシウム等が挙げられる。
電子ブロック層を形成する材料としては、トリス(フェニルピラゾール)イリジウム等が挙げられる。
上記OLED素子作製において、正孔輸送層、発光層、電子輸送層、電子注入層の真空蒸着操作を行う代わりに、正孔輸送性高分子層、発光性高分子層を順次形成することによって本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスによって形成される電荷輸送性薄膜を有するPLED素子を作製することができる。
具体的には、陽極基板上に本発明の電荷輸送性ワニスを塗布して上記の方法により正孔注入層を作製し、その上に正孔輸送性高分子層、発光性高分子層を順次形成し、さらに陰極を蒸着してPLED素子とする。
正孔輸送性高分子層および発光性高分子層の形成法としては、正孔輸送性高分子材料もしくは発光性高分子材料、またはこれらにドーパント物質を加えた材料に溶媒を加えて溶解するか、均一に分散し、正孔注入層または正孔輸送性高分子層の上に塗布した後、それぞれ焼成することで成膜する方法が挙げられる。
塗布方法としては、特に限定されるものではなく、インクジェット法、スプレー法、ディップ法、スピンコート法、転写印刷法、ロールコート法、刷毛塗り等が挙げられる。なお、塗布は、窒素、アルゴン等の不活性ガス下で行うことが好ましい。
焼成する方法としては、不活性ガス下または真空中、オーブンまたはホットプレートで加熱する方法が挙げられる。
(1)1H-NMR:日本電子(株)製 JNM-ECP300 FT NMR SYSTEM
(2)MALDI-TOF-MS:ブルカー社製、autoflex III smartbeam
(3)基板洗浄:長州産業(株)製 基板洗浄装置(減圧プラズマ方式)
(4)ワニスの塗布:ミカサ(株)製 スピンコーターMS-A100
(5)膜厚測定:(株)小坂研究所製 微細形状測定機サーフコーダET-4000
(6)EL素子の作製:長州産業(株)製 多機能蒸着装置システムC-E2L1G1-N
(7)EL素子の輝度等の測定:(有)テック・ワールド製 I-V-L測定システム
MALDI-TOF-MS m/Z found:1582.47([M]+calcd:1581.71).
[実施例1]
電荷輸送性物質であるアニリン誘導体1 0.108g、ドーパント物質であるリンタングステン酸(PTA)0.202gおよびテトラフルオロテトラシアノキノジメタン(F4TCNQ)0.094gを、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン(DMI)14.0gに溶解させた。そこへ2,3-ブタンジオール4.0gおよびプロピレングリコールモノメチルエーテル(PGME)2.0gを加えて撹拌し、さらにそこへ3,3,3-トリフルオロプロピルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業(株)製)0.007gおよびフェニルトリメトキシシラン(信越化学工業(株)製)0.013gを加えて撹拌し、電荷輸送性ワニスを調製した。
[実施例2]
実施例1で得られたワニスを、スピンコーターを用いてITO基板に塗布した後、80℃で1分間乾燥し、さらに、大気雰囲気下、150℃で5分間焼成し、ITO基板上に30nmの均一な薄膜を形成した。ITO基板としては、インジウム錫酸化物(ITO)が表面上に膜厚150nmでパターニングされた25mm×25mm×0.7tのガラス基板を用い、使用前にO2プラズマ洗浄装置(150W、30秒間)によって表面上の不純物を除却した。
次いで、薄膜を形成したITO基板に対し、蒸着装置(真空度1.0×10-5Pa)を用いてα-NPDを0.2nm/秒にて30nm成膜した。次に、CBPとIr(PPy)3を共蒸着した。共蒸着はIr(PPy)3の濃度が6%になるように蒸着レートをコントロールし、40nm積層させた。次いで、BAlq、フッ化リチウムおよびアルミニウムの薄膜を順次積層して有機EL素子を得た。この際、蒸着レートは、BAlqおよびアルミニウムについては0.2nm/秒、フッ化リチウムについては0.02nm/秒の条件でそれぞれ行い、膜厚は、それぞれ20nm、0.5nmおよび120nmとした。
なお、空気中の酸素、水等の影響による特性劣化を防止するため、有機EL素子は封止基板により封止した後、その特性を評価した。封止は、以下の手順で行った。酸素濃度2ppm以下、露点-85℃以下の窒素雰囲気中で、有機EL素子を封止基板の間に収め、封止基板を接着材((株)MORESCO製、モレスコモイスチャーカット WB90US(P))により貼り合わせた。この際、捕水剤(ダイニック(株)製,HD-071010W-40)を有機EL素子と共に封止基板内に収めた。貼り合わせた封止基板に対し、UV光を照射(波長:365nm、照射量:6,000mJ/cm2)した後、80℃で1時間、アニーリング処理して接着材を硬化させた。
Claims (16)
- 式(1)で表されることを特徴とするアニリン誘導体。
〔式中、R1~R5は、互いに独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基もしくは炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表し、
Ph1は、互いに独立して、式(P1)で表される基を表し、
(式中、R6~R9は、互いに独立して、水素原子、ハロゲン原子、ニトロ基、シアノ基、またはハロゲン原子で置換されていてもよい、炭素数1~20のアルキル基、炭素数2~20のアルケニル基、炭素数2~20のアルキニル基、炭素数6~20のアリール基もしくは炭素数2~20のヘテロアリール基を表す。)
Ar1は、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A14)で表されるいずれかの基を表し、
mは、1~5の整数を表す。〕 - 前記R1~R9が、すべて水素原子である請求項1記載のアニリン誘導体。
- 前記Ar1が、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基である請求項1または2記載のアニリン誘導体。
- 前記Ar1が、互いに独立して、式(A1)~(A3)、(A5)~(A7)、および(A10)~(A12)で表されるいずれかの基である請求項3記載のアニリン誘導体。
- 前記Ar1が、全て同一の基である請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載のアニリン誘導体。
- 請求項1~5のいずれか1項記載のアニリン誘導体からなる電荷輸送性物質。
- 請求項6記載の電荷輸送性物質を含む電荷輸送性材料。
- 請求項6記載の電荷輸送性物質と、有機溶媒とを含む電荷輸送性ワニス。
- さらにドーパント物質を含む請求項8記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 前記ドーパント物質が、ハロテトラシアノキノジメタン化合物を含む請求項9記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 前記ドーパント物質が、さらにヘテロポリ酸を含む請求項10記載の電荷輸送性ワニス。
- 請求項8~11のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを用いて作製される電荷輸送性薄膜。
- 請求項12記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する電子デバイス。
- 請求項12記載の電荷輸送性薄膜を有する有機エレクトロルミネッセンス素子。
- 請求項8~11のいずれか1項記載の電荷輸送性ワニスを基材上に塗布し、溶媒を蒸発させることを特徴とする電荷輸送性薄膜の製造方法。
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| KR102892881B1 (ko) * | 2020-05-29 | 2025-11-28 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 정공 수송성 잉크 조성물, 발광 소자 및 이의 제조 방법 |
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| US7862747B2 (en) | 2004-08-31 | 2011-01-04 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | Arylsulfonic acid compound and use thereof as electron-acceptor material |
| JP5401791B2 (ja) | 2005-10-28 | 2014-01-29 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | スプレー又はインクジェット塗布用電荷輸送性ワニス |
| KR101493435B1 (ko) | 2006-09-13 | 2015-02-13 | 닛산 가가쿠 고교 가부시키 가이샤 | 올리고아닐린 화합물 |
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2015
- 2015-03-11 US US15/125,835 patent/US10193075B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2015-03-11 KR KR1020167028134A patent/KR102320598B1/ko active Active
- 2015-03-11 CN CN201580013956.8A patent/CN106103406B/zh active Active
- 2015-03-11 WO PCT/JP2015/057135 patent/WO2015137391A1/ja not_active Ceased
- 2015-03-11 JP JP2016507789A patent/JP6551395B2/ja active Active
- 2015-03-11 EP EP15761044.5A patent/EP3118187A4/en not_active Withdrawn
- 2015-03-13 TW TW104108132A patent/TWI672284B/zh active
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| JPH10284252A (ja) * | 1997-04-03 | 1998-10-23 | Yasuhiko Shirota | 有機el素子 |
| JP2005531915A (ja) * | 2002-06-26 | 2005-10-20 | スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー | 有機エレクトロルミネセンス・デバイス用のバッファ層、並びに製造および使用方法 |
| JP2007182401A (ja) * | 2006-01-06 | 2007-07-19 | Bando Chem Ind Ltd | 新規な芳香族第3級アミン類とその利用 |
| JP2008127290A (ja) * | 2006-11-16 | 2008-06-05 | Bando Chem Ind Ltd | 新規なカルバゾール誘導体とその利用 |
| WO2008129947A1 (ja) * | 2007-04-12 | 2008-10-30 | Nissan Chemical Industries, Ltd. | オリゴアニリン化合物 |
| WO2010058777A1 (ja) * | 2008-11-19 | 2010-05-27 | 日産化学工業株式会社 | 電荷輸送性材料および電荷輸送性ワニス |
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Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2020067288A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2020-04-02 | 日産化学株式会社 | ポリマー及びその利用 |
| JPWO2020067288A1 (ja) * | 2018-09-28 | 2021-09-24 | 日産化学株式会社 | ポリマー及びその利用 |
| JP7375765B2 (ja) | 2018-09-28 | 2023-11-08 | 日産化学株式会社 | ポリマー及びその利用 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP3118187A1 (en) | 2017-01-18 |
| KR102320598B1 (ko) | 2021-11-02 |
| TW201600494A (zh) | 2016-01-01 |
| JPWO2015137391A1 (ja) | 2017-04-06 |
| US10193075B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
| TWI672284B (zh) | 2019-09-21 |
| KR20160133495A (ko) | 2016-11-22 |
| CN106103406B (zh) | 2019-08-02 |
| EP3118187A4 (en) | 2017-11-01 |
| JP6551395B2 (ja) | 2019-07-31 |
| CN106103406A (zh) | 2016-11-09 |
| US20170005271A1 (en) | 2017-01-05 |
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