WO2015129188A1 - 非水電解質二次電池 - Google Patents
非水電解質二次電池 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015129188A1 WO2015129188A1 PCT/JP2015/000657 JP2015000657W WO2015129188A1 WO 2015129188 A1 WO2015129188 A1 WO 2015129188A1 JP 2015000657 W JP2015000657 W JP 2015000657W WO 2015129188 A1 WO2015129188 A1 WO 2015129188A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/056—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes
- H01M10/0564—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte characterised by the materials used as electrolytes, e.g. mixed inorganic/organic electrolytes the electrolyte being constituted of organic materials only
- H01M10/0566—Liquid materials
- H01M10/0567—Liquid materials characterised by the additives
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/131—Electrodes based on mixed oxides or hydroxides, or on mixtures of oxides or hydroxides, e.g. LiCoOx
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/133—Electrodes based on carbonaceous material, e.g. graphite-intercalation compounds or CFx
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/362—Composites
- H01M4/366—Composites as layered products
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/485—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of mixed oxides or hydroxides for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiTi2O4 or LiTi2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/50—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese
- H01M4/505—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of manganese of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing manganese for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiMn2O4 or LiMn2OxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/36—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids
- H01M4/48—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides
- H01M4/52—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron
- H01M4/525—Selection of substances as active materials, active masses, active liquids of inorganic oxides or hydroxides of nickel, cobalt or iron of mixed oxides or hydroxides containing iron, cobalt or nickel for inserting or intercalating light metals, e.g. LiNiO2, LiCoO2 or LiCoOxFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M2004/026—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material characterised by the polarity
- H01M2004/027—Negative electrodes
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- H—ELECTRICITY
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- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/134—Electrodes based on metals, Si or alloys
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery that performs charging / discharging by moving lithium ions between the positive and negative electrodes along with charging / discharging has a high energy density and high capacity. Widely used as a power source.
- non-aqueous electrolyte secondary batteries are also attracting attention as power sources for power tools, electric vehicles, and the like, and further expansion of applications is expected.
- Such a power source is required to have both high capacity that can be used for a long time and high output characteristics.
- Patent Document 1 listed below is obtained by impregnating and coating a mixture of pitch and carbon black on natural graphite and firing the graphite particles and a mixture of pitch and carbon black. It has been suggested to use a mixture with carbonaceous particles as the negative electrode active material.
- Patent Document 2 the use of a negative electrode material containing a carbon material capable of occluding and releasing lithium ions and a compound containing a Group 13 element in the periodic table may improve the output characteristics at low temperatures. It is disclosed.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery includes a positive electrode including a lithium-containing transition metal oxide and a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and removing lithium ions.
- the negative electrode active material includes a carbon material as a main material, and the negative electrode includes a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with improved output characteristics in large current charge / discharge due to improved lithium ion diffusibility on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic plan view of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view taken along the line II-II in FIG. 1.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing a negative electrode that is an example of an embodiment of the present invention.
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery which is an example of the present embodiment includes a positive electrode including a lithium-containing transition metal oxide, a negative electrode including a negative electrode active material capable of inserting and removing lithium ions, and a nonaqueous electrolyte.
- the negative electrode active material contains a carbon material as a main material, and the negative electrode contains a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound.
- a high-quality film having excellent lithium ion diffusibility is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material by including a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound in the negative electrode.
- the present invention provides a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery capable of obtaining excellent output characteristics during large current charge / discharge.
- a reductive decomposition reaction such as a non-aqueous electrolyte occurs on the negative electrode active material at the time of initial charge, and a protective film called a solid electrolyte membrane is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material. Then, exchange of lithium ions is performed between the negative electrode active material and the electrolytic solution through this protective film.
- the protective coating formed in this way has a poor lithium ion diffusibility, and the surface of the negative electrode active material is excessive due to a protective coating inferior in lithium ion diffusibility during the initial charge. As a result, the resistance increases and the output characteristics when charging / discharging with a large current value are reduced.
- the negative electrode contains a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound as in the above configuration
- a reductive decomposition reaction such as a water electrolyte occurs, and the decomposition compound generated by this reaction forms a high-quality film excellent in lithium ion diffusibility on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the negative electrode active material since a good-quality film is first formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material, the negative electrode active material is protected by a protective film that is inferior in lithium ion diffusibility generated by a reductive decomposition reaction such as non-aqueous electrolyte on the negative electrode active material. The surface is prevented from being excessively coated. As a result, it is considered that resistance increase can be suppressed and excellent output characteristics can be obtained.
- nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery there is a structure in which an electrode body in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are wound via a separator and a nonaqueous electrolyte are housed in an exterior body. A specific configuration of the nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery will be described in detail with reference to FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 includes a laminate outer body 11 that covers the outer periphery, a flat wound electrode body 12, and a non-aqueous electrolyte as a non-aqueous electrolyte.
- the wound electrode body 12 has a structure in which the positive electrode 13 and the negative electrode 14 are wound in a flat shape with the separator 15 being insulated from each other.
- a positive electrode current collecting tab 16 is connected to the positive electrode 13 of the wound electrode body 12, and a negative electrode current collecting tab 17 is connected to the negative electrode 14.
- the wound electrode body 12 is enclosed with a nonaqueous electrolyte inside a laminate outer body 11 covering the outer periphery, and the outer peripheral edge of the laminate outer body 11 is sealed by a heat seal portion 18.
- the extension 19 is a spare chamber for minimizing the influence of gas generated by decomposition of the electrolyte solution or the like on the charge / discharge at the time of battery precharge.
- the laminate outer package 11 is sealed by heat sealing with an AA line, and then the extending portion 19 is cut.
- the structure of an electrode body and an exterior body are not limited to this.
- the structure of the electrode body may be, for example, a stacked type in which positive electrodes and negative electrodes are alternately stacked via separators.
- the exterior body may be, for example, a metal square battery can.
- the negative electrode 14 includes a negative electrode current collector 14a and a negative electrode mixture layer 14b formed on the negative electrode current collector 14a.
- the negative electrode current collector 14a for example, a conductive thin film, particularly a metal foil or alloy foil that is stable in the potential range of the negative electrode such as copper, or a film having a metal surface layer such as copper is used.
- the negative electrode mixture layer preferably contains a thickener and a binder in addition to the negative electrode active material.
- the thickener carboxymethyl cellulose, carboxyalkyl cellulose, hydroxyalkyl cellulose, alkoxy cellulose, or the like is preferably used.
- the binder styrene-butadiene rubber (SBR), polyimide, or the like is preferably used.
- the negative electrode active material 14c which is a carbon material is used as a main material.
- the carbon material is a particle containing graphite.
- the negative electrode active material preferably includes a negative electrode active material 14c that is a carbon material and a negative electrode active material 14d that is a silicon compound.
- the silicon compound is preferably silicon oxide particles represented by SiO x (preferably 0.5 ⁇ x ⁇ 1.5).
- the surface of the negative electrode active material 14d is preferably coated with a material containing carbon, and a carbon film is preferably formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material 14d.
- the carbon coating is mainly composed of amorphous carbon.
- amorphous carbon it is possible to form a good and uniform film on the surface of the silicon compound, and it is possible to further promote the diffusion of lithium ions into the silicon compound.
- the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material 14c and the negative electrode active material 14d is preferably 99: 1 to 70:30, and more preferably 97: 3 to 90:10. This is because if the mass ratio is within the range, the effect of improving the output characteristics is increased. This is because when the mass ratio of the negative electrode active material 14d becomes too large, the discharge voltage of the battery is lowered and the output characteristics are also lowered.
- the negative electrode 14 contains a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound.
- the tungsten compound and / or molybdenum compound is preferably contained in the negative electrode mixture layer 14b.
- the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound may be present near the surface of the negative electrode active material 14c or the negative electrode active material 14d. If a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound is present in the vicinity of the surface of the negative electrode active material 14c or the negative electrode active material 14d, a decomposition product generated by a reductive decomposition reaction such as a non-aqueous electrolyte on the tungsten compound or the molybdenum compound. This is because a good quality film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material 14c or the negative electrode active material 14d by the material. Thereby, the effect which suppresses covering the surface of the negative electrode active material mentioned above excessively, and the improvement effect of lithium ion diffusivity are exhibited.
- the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound is preferably attached to the surface of the negative electrode active material 14c or the negative electrode active material 14d.
- the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound is preferably attached to a part of the surface of the negative electrode active material 14c or the negative electrode active material 14d. That is, it is preferable that the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound do not cover the entire surface of the negative electrode active material 14c or the negative electrode active material 14d, and a part of the surface is exposed.
- the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound can also permeate lithium ions, but the lithium compound is more in comparison with a film formed by a decomposition product generated by a reductive decomposition reaction such as a nonaqueous electrolytic solution on the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound. This is because the ion diffusibility is low, resulting in a decrease in performance.
- the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound adhering to the surface of the negative electrode active material may be partly dissolved in the negative electrode active material, or not physically dissolved in the negative electrode active material, but physically on the surface of the negative electrode active material. May adhere.
- the tungsten compound or the molybdenum compound is not active in the negative electrode. It is particularly preferred that it is physically attached to the surface of the substance.
- the tungsten compound may be any compound containing tungsten, but is preferably at least one selected from tungsten oxide and tungsten lithium composite oxide. Specifically, WO 3, Li 2 WO 4 , WO 2 , and the like.
- the molybdenum compound may be any compound containing molybdenum, but is preferably at least one selected from molybdenum oxide and molybdenum lithium composite oxide. Specifically, Li 2 MoO 4, MoO 3 and the like.
- tungsten compound On the surface of the negative electrode active material, only the tungsten compound may be present, only the molybdenum compound may be present, or both of the compounds may be present.
- a compound containing both tungsten and molybdenum that is, a tungsten molybdenum-containing compound may be present on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- the content of the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound is 0.001 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less with respect to the total molar amount of the negative electrode active material in terms of elements of tungsten and molybdenum contained in the negative electrode active material. It is preferable that it is 0.1 mol% or more and 1.0 mol% or less. This is because if the content is less than 0.001 mol%, the amount of product produced by reductive decomposition of the nonaqueous electrolyte on the tungsten compound or molybdenum compound decreases, and the effects of the present invention cannot be sufficiently obtained.
- the upper limit when the content exceeds 1.0 mol%, the surface of the negative electrode active material particle surface coated with a tungsten compound or molybdenum compound having low ion diffusibility increases, and the effect of the present invention is obtained. It is because it becomes difficult to be done.
- Examples of the method of adding a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound to the negative electrode include, for example, a method of adding and mixing a tungsten compound and a molybdenum compound together with the negative electrode active material at the time of preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry, A method of drying after impregnating a solution in which a molybdenum compound is dispersed can be exemplified.
- the positive electrode includes a positive electrode current collector and a positive electrode active material layer formed on the positive electrode current collector.
- a positive electrode current collector for example, a conductive thin film, particularly a metal foil or alloy foil that is stable in the potential range of the positive electrode such as aluminum, or a film having a metal surface layer such as aluminum is used.
- the positive electrode active material layer preferably contains a conductive material and a binder in addition to the positive electrode active material.
- the positive electrode active material includes an oxide including lithium and a metal element M, and the metal element M includes at least one selected from the group including cobalt, nickel, manganese, and the like.
- the metal element M includes at least one selected from the group including cobalt, nickel, manganese, and the like.
- it is a lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide may contain non-transition metal elements such as Mg and Al. Specific examples include lithium-containing transition metal oxides such as lithium cobaltate, Ni—Co—Mn, Ni—Mn—Al, and Ni—Co—Al.
- a lithium-containing transition metal oxide of Ni—Co—Al is preferable.
- These positive electrode active materials may be used alone or in combination of two or more.
- the main component of the metal element is preferably Ni.
- the main component being Ni means that the ratio (number of moles) of Ni is the largest among the metal elements contained in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide has a general formula Li a Ni x M 1-x O 2 (0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2, 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1, M is selected from Co, Mn and Al It is preferably an oxide represented by at least one element.
- composition ratio a of Li satisfying the condition of 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2 is that when the condition of 0.95 ⁇ a ⁇ 1.2 is satisfied, the cation mixing of Ni ions entering the Li site occurs. This is because it is less likely to occur and the output characteristics are improved.
- the Ni composition ratio x satisfying the condition of 0.8 ⁇ x ⁇ 1 satisfies the condition of 0.8 ⁇ x, and among the metal elements contained in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, Ni This is because when the ratio is 80% or more, Ni that can contribute to the charge / discharge reaction increases and the capacity increases.
- Co having a composition ratio y satisfying the condition of 0 ⁇ y ⁇ 0.2 is used when the condition of y ⁇ 0.2 is satisfied. This is because the phase transition can be suppressed.
- the reason why the Al composition ratio z satisfies the condition of 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.05 is that the thermal stability of the positive electrode is improved when the condition of 0 ⁇ z ⁇ 0.05 is satisfied. On the other hand, when 0.05 ⁇ z, the output characteristics deteriorate.
- the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is preferably composed of secondary particles formed by aggregation of primary particles. It is preferable that a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound is present on at least one surface of the primary particle of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide or the secondary particle of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. And preferably present on the surface of both the secondary particles.
- a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound is present on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, it is considered that the output resistance is improved as a result of suppressing the reaction resistance at the positive electrode interface in contact with the non-aqueous electrolyte.
- Examples of the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound that are present on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide include the tungsten compound and the molybdenum compound described in the above negative electrode.
- the amount of the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound present on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 0.1 mol% or more and 1 with respect to the total molar amount of the metal elements excluding Li in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. It is preferable that it is 5 mol% or less.
- the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound may be partly dissolved in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, or not physically dissolved in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, but physically on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. It may be attached to. From the standpoint that the effect of the output characteristics is further exerted, the tungsten compound and / or the molybdenum compound does not dissolve in the lithium-containing transition metal oxide but physically adheres to the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. It is preferable.
- Examples of a method for allowing a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound to be present on the surface of a lithium-containing transition metal oxide include, for example, a method of mixing a lithium-containing transition metal oxide with a tungsten compound or a molybdenum compound when preparing a positive electrode mixture slurry.
- a method in which a tungsten compound or a molybdenum compound is mixed with the fired lithium-containing transition metal oxide and then heat-treated can be exemplified.
- a tungsten compound and / or a molybdenum compound can be present on the surfaces of both the primary and secondary particles of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide, which is more preferable.
- the non-aqueous electrolyte includes a non-aqueous solvent and an electrolyte salt dissolved in the non-aqueous solvent.
- the nonaqueous electrolyte is not limited to a liquid electrolyte (nonaqueous electrolyte solution), and may be a solid electrolyte using a gel polymer or the like.
- non-aqueous solvent for example, a cyclic carbonate, a chain carbonate, a cyclic carboxylic ester or the like is used.
- the cyclic carbonate include propylene carbonate (PC), ethylene carbonate (EC), and vinylene carbonate (VC).
- the chain carbonate include diethyl carbonate (DEC), methyl ethyl carbonate (MEC), and dimethyl carbonate (DMC).
- Examples of the cyclic carboxylic acid ester include ⁇ -butyrolactone (GBL) and ⁇ -valerolactone (GVL).
- examples of the chain carboxylic acid ester include methyl propionate (MP) fluoromethyl propionate (FMP).
- a non-aqueous solvent may be used individually by 1 type, and may be used in combination of 2 or more type.
- the non-aqueous solvent preferably contains fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) which is a cyclic carbonate. This is because when the non-aqueous electrolyte contains FEC, FEC decomposes on the tungsten compound and the molybdenum compound during the initial charge, and a film having high lithium ion diffusibility can be formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a lithium salt for example, a lithium salt can be used, and as the lithium salt, a lithium salt containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of P, B, F, O, S, N, and Cl is used. be able to. Specific examples include LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAlCl 4 , LiSbF 6 , LiSCN, LiCF 3 SO 3 , LiCF 3 CO 2 , LiAsF 6 , LiB 10 Cl 10 , lower aliphatic lithium carboxylate, LiCl, LiBr Lii, chloroborane lithium, borates, imide salts and the like can be used.
- LiPF 6 is preferably used from the viewpoint of ion conductivity and electrochemical stability.
- One electrolyte salt may be used alone, or two or more electrolyte salts may be used in combination. These electrolyte salts are preferably contained at a ratio of 0.8 to 1.5 mol with respect to 1 L of the nonaqueous electrolyte.
- a porous sheet having ion permeability and insulating properties is used.
- the porous sheet include a microporous thin film, a woven fabric, and a nonwoven fabric.
- polyolefin such as polyethylene and polypropylene is suitable.
- the negative electrode mixture slurry was applied to both surfaces of a negative electrode current collector made of a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m and dried. This was cut into a predetermined electrode size and rolled using a roller. Then, the negative electrode current collection tab was attached to the negative electrode current collector, and the negative electrode by which the negative electrode mixture layer was formed on the negative electrode current collector was produced.
- the flat wound electrode body For the production of the flat wound electrode body, one positive electrode, one negative electrode, and one separator made of a polyethylene microporous film were used. First, the positive electrode and the negative electrode were opposed to each other with a separator interposed therebetween. Next, it was wound in a spiral shape using a cylindrical winding core. At this time, the positive electrode current collecting tab and the negative electrode current collecting tab were both arranged so as to be located on the outermost peripheral side in the electrode. Thereafter, the wound core was pulled out to produce a wound electrode body, and then crushed to obtain a flat wound electrode body.
- This flat wound electrode body has a structure in which a positive electrode and a negative electrode are laminated via a separator.
- ком ⁇ онент 2% by mass of vinylene carbonate (VC) is dissolved in a mixed solvent in which ethylene carbonate (EC), dimethyl carbonate (DMC), and ethyl methyl carbonate (EMC) are mixed at a volume ratio of 20:60:20. I let you. Furthermore, lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF 6 ) as an electrolyte was dissolved in the mixed solvent so as to have a concentration of 1.3 mol / liter, thereby preparing a nonaqueous electrolytic solution.
- EC ethylene carbonate
- DMC dimethyl carbonate
- EMC ethyl methyl carbonate
- the non-aqueous electrolyte prepared in this way and the flat wound electrode body are inserted into an aluminum laminate outer body in a glove box under an argon atmosphere, and shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- a laminated nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery 10 having a structure was produced.
- the design capacity of the battery was 950 mAh.
- the battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery A1.
- Example 2 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that tungsten oxide was not added in Experimental Example 1 when preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery Z1.
- Example 4 When preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry, the amount of tungsten oxide added was changed to 0.5 mol% instead of 0.05 mol% in Experimental Example 1, and the same as in Experimental Example 1 above. A water electrolyte secondary battery was produced. The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery A3.
- Example 6 When preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry, lithium tungstate (Li 2 WO 4 ) was used instead of tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) in Experimental Example 1, and the tungsten atoms in the lithium tungstate were replaced by tungsten atoms in the lithium tungstate.
- a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was fabricated in the same manner as in Experimental Example 1 except that the mixing was performed so that the amount was 0.01 mol% with respect to the carbon atoms of the graphite powder. The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery A5.
- Example 7 When preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry, the amount of lithium tungstate was changed to 0.05 mol% instead of 0.01 mol% in Experimental Example 6, and the same as in Experimental Example 6 above. A non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced. The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery A6.
- Example 8 When preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry, 96 parts by mass of graphite powder as the negative electrode active material, 4 parts by mass of SiO having a carbon coating layer as the negative electrode active material, and carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) as the thickener 1 part by mass, 1 part by mass of styrene butadiene rubber (SBR) as a binder, and tungsten oxide (WO 3 ) as an anode additive, the tungsten atoms in the tungsten oxide with respect to the carbon atoms of the graphite powder
- CMC carboxymethyl cellulose
- SBR styrene butadiene rubber
- WO 3 tungsten oxide
- the batteries A1 to A7 in which the negative electrode contains a tungsten compound and the tungsten compound of WO 3 or Li 2 WO 4 is present near the surface of the negative electrode active material, It can be seen that the 1 It / 0.2 It capacity ratio is increased as compared with the battery Z1 containing no odor, and the output characteristics are improved. Although the reason why such a result was obtained is not clear, it is presumed to be due to the following explanation.
- a good-quality film is first formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material, a protective film that is inferior in lithium ion diffusibility produced by a reductive decomposition reaction on the negative electrode active material is then formed on the negative electrode active material. It is considered that excessive formation on the surface was suppressed, and this also suppressed the increase in resistance. As a result, the output characteristics are considered improved.
- the added amount of the tungsten compound is larger than that in the battery A3, but the 1It / 0.2It capacity ratio is decreased. This is because if the amount of the tungsten compound contained in the negative electrode is too large, the proportion of the tungsten compound that covers the surface of the negative electrode active material also increases, which becomes a resistance and a good quality film is formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material. This is thought to be due to the fact that the effect of suppressing the increase in resistance due to is increased.
- the lithium ion diffusibility of a good-quality film formed on the surface of the negative electrode active material by the decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte on the tungsten compound is due to the decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte on the negative electrode active material.
- the lithium ion diffusibility of the protective film formed on the surface of the material the lithium ion diffusibility of the tungsten compound itself present on the negative electrode active material is poor, so it is considered that there is an optimum amount of added tungsten compound. It is done.
- the battery A7 using the carbon material and the silicon compound as the negative electrode active material is compared with the battery A2 using only the carbon material as the negative electrode active material. It can be seen that the 1 It / 0.2 It capacity ratio is increased. From this, it is preferable to use both a carbon material and a silicon compound as a negative electrode active material, rather than using only a carbon material, and when both are used, the above-described effect of improving output characteristics is further exhibited. Conceivable.
- tungsten and molybdenum which is an element belonging to the periodic table
- a reductive decomposition reaction of the non-aqueous electrolyte first occurs on the molybdenum compound. It is considered that a high-quality film excellent in lithium ion diffusibility is formed on the active material surface. As a result, an increase in resistance is suppressed and output characteristics in large current charge / discharge are improved.
- Example 10 A nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 9 except that tungsten oxide was not added in Experimental Example 9 when preparing the negative electrode mixture slurry.
- the battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery Z2.
- the negative electrode contains a tungsten compound, and the negative electrode active material Battery A8 in which a tungsten compound of WO 3 is present in the vicinity of the surface has an increased 1It / 0.2It capacity ratio and improved output characteristics compared to battery Z2 that does not contain a tungsten compound in the negative electrode. I understand.
- NMP N— A positive electrode mixture slurry was prepared by adding an appropriate amount of (methyl-2-pyrrolidone).
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as in Experimental Example 2 except that the positive electrode mixture slurry prepared above was used.
- the battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery A9.
- the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide particles which are lithium-containing transition metal oxides, had an average particle diameter of 11.8 ⁇ m. It confirmed that it was the next particle. Further, it was confirmed that particles of lithium tungstate oxide were attached to the surfaces of both primary particles and secondary particles of the lithium nickel cobalt aluminum composite oxide.
- the battery A9 in which the tungsten compound is present on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide is 1 It compared to the battery A2 in which the tungsten compound is not present on the surface of the lithium-containing transition metal oxide. It can be seen that the /0.2 It capacity ratio is improved and the output characteristics are excellent.
- Example 4 (Experimental example 12) When preparing the non-aqueous electrolyte, Experimental Example 4 except that 0.5% by mass of fluoroethylene carbonate (FEC) was further dissolved in the mixed solvent in the non-aqueous electrolyte of Experimental Example 1.
- FEC fluoroethylene carbonate
- a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery was produced in the same manner as described above. The battery thus produced is hereinafter referred to as battery A10.
- the battery A10 containing FEC in the non-aqueous electrolyte has an improved 1 It / 0.2 It capacity ratio compared to the battery A3 not containing FEC in the non-aqueous electrolyte. It can be seen that the output characteristics are excellent.
- the positive electrode for a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery is a driving power source such as an electric vehicle (EV), a hybrid electric vehicle (HEV, PHEV), and an electric tool, and particularly requires a long life. It can be applied for use. Furthermore, expansion to mobile information terminals such as mobile phones, notebook computers, smartphones, and tablet terminals can also be expected.
- EV electric vehicle
- HEV hybrid electric vehicle
- PHEV PHEV
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Abstract
Description
本実施形態の一例である非水電解質二次電池は、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を含む正極と、リチウムイオンを挿入・脱離可能な負極活物質を含む負極と、非水電解質とを備え、上記負極活物質は炭素材料を主材として含み、上記負極はタングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物を含有しているものである。本実施形態に係る非水電解質二次電池では、負極にタングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物を含有させることにより、負極活物質の表面にリチウムイオン拡散性に優れた良質な被膜を形成し、これにより大電流充放電時に優れた出力特性が得られる非水電解質二次電池を提供するものである。
図3に示すように、負極14は、負極集電体14aと、負極集電体14a上に形成された負極合剤層14bとを備える。負極集電体14aには、例えば、導電性を有する薄膜体、特に銅などの負極の電位範囲で安定な金属箔や合金箔、銅などの金属表層を有するフィルムが用いられる。負極合剤層は、負極活物質の他に、増粘剤及び結着剤を含むことが好適である。増粘剤としては、カルボキシメチルセルロース、カルボキシアルキルセルロース、ヒドロキシアルキルセルロース又はアルコキシセルロース等を用いることが好ましい。結着剤としてはスチレン-ブタジエンゴム(SBR)やポリイミド等を用いることが好ましい。
正極は、正極集電体と、正極集電体上に形成された正極活物質層とで構成される。正極集電体には、例えば、導電性を有する薄膜体、特にアルミニウムなどの正極の電位範囲で安定な金属箔や合金箔、アルミニウムなどの金属表層を有するフィルムが用いられる。正極活物質層は、正極活物質の他に、導電材及び結着剤を含むことが好ましい。
非水電解質は、非水系溶媒と、非水系溶媒に溶解した電解質塩とを含む。非水電解質は、液体電解質(非水電解液)に限定されず、ゲル状ポリマー等を用いた固体電解質であってもよい。
セパレータには、例えば、イオン透過性及び絶縁性を有する多孔性シートが用いられる。多孔性シートの具体例としては、微多孔薄膜、織布、不織布等が挙げられる。セパレータの材質としては、ポリエチレン、ポリプロピレン等のポリオレフィンが好適である。
(実験例1)
[負極の作製]
負極活物質としての黒鉛粉末100質量部と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)1質量部と、結着剤としてのスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)1質量部と、負極添加物としての酸化タングステン(WO3)とを、酸化タングステン中のタングステン原子が上記黒鉛粉末の炭素原子に対して0.05モル%となるように混合し、さらに水を適宜加えた後、負極合剤スラリーを調製した。
リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物としてのLiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物100質量部に、炭素導電剤としてのカーボンブラック1質量部と、結着剤としてのポリフッ化ビニリデン0.9質量部とを混合し、さらに、NMP(N-メチル-2-ピロリドン)を適量加えることにより正極合剤スラリーを調製した。次に、該正極合剤スラリーを、厚みが15μmのアルミニウム箔からなる正極集電体の両面に塗布し、乾燥した。これを所定の電極サイズに切り取り、ローラーを用いて圧延した。その後、正極集電体に正極集電タブを取り付け、正極集電体上に正極合剤層が形成された正極を作製した。
偏平状の巻回電極体の作製には、上記正極を1枚、上記負極を1枚、ポリエチレン製微多孔膜からなるセパレータを1枚用いた。まず、正極と負極とをセパレータを介して互いに絶縁した状態で対向させた。次に、円柱型の巻き芯を用いて、渦巻き状に巻回した。この際、正極集電タブ及び負極集電タブは、共に電極内においてそれぞれ最外周側に位置するように配置した。その後、巻き芯を引き抜いて巻回電極体を作製した後、押し潰して、偏平状の巻回電極体を得た。この偏平状の巻回電極体は、正極と負極とがセパレータを介して積層された構造を有している。
エチレンカーボネート(EC)と、ジメチルカーボネート(DMC)と、エチルメチルカーボネート(EMC)とを、20:60:20の体積比で混合した混合溶媒に対して、ビニレンカーボネート(VC)を2質量%溶解させた。さらに、電解質としての六フッ化リン酸リチウム(LiPF6)を、上記混合溶媒に対して1.3モル/リットルの濃度になるように溶解させて、非水電解液を調製した。
このようにして調製した非水電解液と上記偏平状の巻回電極体とを、アルゴン雰囲気下のグローブボックス中にて、アルミニウム製のラミネート外装体内に挿入し、図1及び図2に示される構造を有する、ラミネート形非水電解質二次電池10を作製した。また、当該非水電解質二次電池を、電池電圧が4.2Vとなるまで充電したときの電池の設計容量は、950mAhであった。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A1と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、実験例1において酸化タングステンを添加しなかったこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池Z1と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、酸化タングステンの添加量を、実験例1の0.05モル%に代えて、0.1モル%としたこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A2と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、酸化タングステンの添加量を、実験例1の0.05モル%に代えて、0.5モル%としたこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A3と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、酸化タングステンの添加量を、実験例1の0.05モル%に代えて、1.0モル%としたこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A4と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、実験例1の酸化タングステン(WO3)に代えて、タングステン酸リチウム(Li2WO4)を用い、このタングステン酸リチウムを、タングステン酸リチウム中のタングステン原子が上記黒鉛粉末の炭素原子に対して0.01モル%となるように混合したこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A5と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、タングステン酸リチウムの添加量を、実験例6の0.01モル%に代えて、0.05モル%としたこと以外は、上記実験例6と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A6と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、負極活物質としての黒鉛粉末96質量部と、負極活物質としての炭素の被覆層を有するSiOを4質量部と、増粘剤としてのカルボキシメチルセルロース(CMC)1質量部と、結着剤としてのスチレンブタジエンゴム(SBR)1質量部と、負極添加物としての酸化タングステン(WO3)とを、酸化タングステン中のタングステン原子が上記黒鉛粉末の炭素原子に対して0.1モル%となるように混合したこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A7と称する。
<出力特性試験>
[容量の算出]
上記のようにして作製された電池A1~A7及び電池Z1の各電池について、25℃の温度条件下で、以下の条件で充放電し、下記式(1)により1It/0.2It容量比を求めた。その結果を表1に示す。
・初期の充放電条件
充電条件一定で、放電条件を変えて充放電を繰り返した。
・1サイクル目の充放電条件
0.5It(475mA)の電流で電池電圧が4.2Vとなるまで、定電流充電を行った。さらに、4.2Vの電圧で電流値が0.02It(19mA)となるまで定電圧充電を行った。そして、0.2It(190mA)の電流で電池電圧が2.5Vとなるまで定電流放電を行った。
・2サイクル目の充放電条件
1サイクル目と同様の条件で充電した後、1It(950mA)の電流で電池電圧が2.5Vとなるまで定電流放電を行った。
(出力特性の算出式)
1It/0.2It容量比(%)=(2サイクル目の放電容量/1サイクル目の放電容量)×100・・・(1)
(実験例9)
正極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物として、実験例1のLiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物に代えて、LiNi0.91Co0.06Al0.03O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物を用いたこと以外は、上記実験例1と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A8と称する。
負極合剤スラリーを調製する際に、実験例9において酸化タングステンを添加しなかったこと以外は、上記実験例9と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池Z2と称する。
(実験例11)
[正極合剤スラリーの調製]
リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物としてのLiNi0.82Co0.15Al0.03O2で表されるリチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物に、酸化タングステン(WO3)を混合した後、200℃で熱処理することにより、リチウムニッケルコバルトアルミニウム複合酸化物の表面にタングステン化合物が存在する正極活物質を得た。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下、電池A9と称する。
(実験例12)
非水電解液を調製する際、実験例1の非水電解液に、さらにフルオロエチレンカーボネート(FEC)を、上記混合溶媒に対して0.5質量%溶解させたこと以外は、上記実験例4と同様にして非水電解質二次電池を作製した。
このようにして作製した電池を、以下電池A10称する。
11 ラミネート外装体
12 巻回電極体
13 正極
14 負極
14a 負極集電体
14b 負極合剤層
14c 負極活物質
14d 負極活物質
15 セパレータ
16 正極集電タブ
17 負極集電タブ
18 ヒートシール部
19 延在部
Claims (13)
- リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物を含む正極と、リチウムイオンを挿入・脱離可能な負極活物質を含む負極と、非水電解質と、を備えた非水電解質二次電池において、
前記負極活物質は、炭素材料を主材として含み、
前記負極は、タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物を含有している、非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物が、前記炭素材料の表面に付着している、請求項1に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物が、酸化物及びリチウム複合酸化物から選択される少なくとも1種である、請求項1又は2に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物の含有量が、前記負極活物質の総モル量に対して0.001モル%以上1モル%以下である、請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記負極は、負極活物質としてさらにケイ素化合物を含んでいる、請求項1~4のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物が、前記ケイ素化合物の表面に付着している、請求項5に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記ケイ素化合物が、SiOx(0.5≦x≦1.5)で表されるケイ素酸化物である、請求項5又は6に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物が、一般式LiaNixM1-xO2(0.95≦a≦1.2、0.8≦x<1、MはCo、Mn及びAlから選択される少なくとも1種類以上の元素)で表される酸化物である、請求項1~7のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物が、一般式LiaNixCoyAlzO2(0.95≦a≦1.2、0.8≦x<1、0<y<0.2、0<z≦0.05、x+y+z=1)で表される酸化物である、請求項8に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物は、一次粒子が凝集して形成された二次粒子からなり、
前記一次粒子又は前記二次粒子の少なくとも一方の表面に、タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物が存在している、請求項1~9のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。 - 前記タングステン化合物及び/又はモリブデン化合物の量が、前記リチウム含有遷移金属酸化物に対して0.1モル%以上1.5モル%以下である、請求項10に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記非水電解質が、フルオロエチレンカーボネートを含有している、請求項1~11のいずれか1項に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
- 前記フルオロエチレンカーボネートの含有量が、前記非水電解質に対して0.5質量%以上5質量%以下である、請求項12に記載の非水電解質二次電池。
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| US15/119,936 US10193183B2 (en) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-02-13 | Nonaqueous electrolyte secondary batteries |
| CN201580011032.4A CN106063001B (zh) | 2014-02-28 | 2015-02-13 | 非水电解质二次电池 |
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Cited By (18)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016017092A1 (ja) * | 2014-07-30 | 2016-02-04 | 三洋電機株式会社 | 非水電解質二次電池 |
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| CN117438545A (zh) * | 2022-07-12 | 2024-01-23 | 通用汽车环球科技运作有限责任公司 | 用于全固态电池组的正电活性材料 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN106063001B (zh) | 2019-05-17 |
| US20170062871A1 (en) | 2017-03-02 |
| US10193183B2 (en) | 2019-01-29 |
| JP6589856B2 (ja) | 2019-10-16 |
| CN106063001A (zh) | 2016-10-26 |
| JPWO2015129188A1 (ja) | 2017-03-30 |
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