WO2015001785A1 - 発光素子、表示装置及び発光素子の製造方法 - Google Patents
発光素子、表示装置及び発光素子の製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015001785A1 WO2015001785A1 PCT/JP2014/003468 JP2014003468W WO2015001785A1 WO 2015001785 A1 WO2015001785 A1 WO 2015001785A1 JP 2014003468 W JP2014003468 W JP 2014003468W WO 2015001785 A1 WO2015001785 A1 WO 2015001785A1
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- H10K—ORGANIC ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES
- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/80—Constructional details
- H10K59/805—Electrodes
- H10K59/8051—Anodes
- H10K59/80518—Reflective anodes, e.g. ITO combined with thick metallic layers
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/17—Carrier injection layers
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- H10K50/00—Organic light-emitting devices
- H10K50/10—OLEDs or polymer light-emitting diodes [PLED]
- H10K50/18—Carrier blocking layers
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- H10K50/805—Electrodes
- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/816—Multilayers, e.g. transparent multilayers
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- H10K50/80—Constructional details
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- H10K50/81—Anodes
- H10K50/818—Reflective anodes, e.g. ITO combined with thick metallic layers
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- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/10—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene
- H10K2102/101—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO]
- H10K2102/103—Transparent electrodes, e.g. using graphene comprising transparent conductive oxides [TCO] comprising indium oxides, e.g. ITO
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- H10K2102/00—Constructional details relating to the organic devices covered by this subclass
- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
- H10K2102/302—Details of OLEDs of OLED structures
- H10K2102/3023—Direction of light emission
- H10K2102/3026—Top emission
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- H10K2102/301—Details of OLEDs
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- H10K59/00—Integrated devices, or assemblies of multiple devices, comprising at least one organic light-emitting element covered by group H10K50/00
- H10K59/10—OLED displays
- H10K59/12—Active-matrix OLED [AMOLED] displays
Definitions
- the technology of the present disclosure relates to a light emitting element, a display device using the light emitting element, and a method for manufacturing the light emitting element.
- the conventional technique has a problem that it is difficult to realize a light emitting element having desired characteristics.
- One embodiment of a light-emitting element for solving the above problem is a light-emitting element in which a metal layer, a transparent conductive layer containing indium zinc oxide, and a light-emitting layer are stacked,
- the ratio of zinc to indium in the vicinity of the interface is 0.25 or less.
- One embodiment of a method for manufacturing a light-emitting element for solving the above problems includes a step of forming a metal layer containing aluminum, a step of forming a transparent conductive layer containing indium zinc oxide above the metal layer, Including the step of oxidizing the metal layer and the step of forming the light emitting layer above the transparent conductive layer, the ratio of zinc to indium in the vicinity of the light emitting layer side interface of the transparent conductive layer is 0.25 or less.
- a light emitting element and a display device having desired characteristics can be realized.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL element according to an embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the organic EL display device according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a manufacturing flow diagram of the organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 4 is a process cross-sectional view in the method for manufacturing an organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 5 is a process cross-sectional view in the method for manufacturing an organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a process cross-sectional view in the method for manufacturing an organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 7 is a process cross-sectional view in the method of manufacturing an organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- FIG. 8 is a manufacturing flow diagram of an organic EL element according to another embodiment.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram showing an optical path when the organic EL element emits light.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram schematically illustrating a state where Zn is segregated on the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer in the organic EL element.
- FIG. 11 is a diagram showing conditions for six samples of the organic EL element.
- FIG. 12 is a diagram showing the relationship between the driving voltage and the Zn ratio of the transparent conductive layer in the organic EL element produced under the conditions of the six samples in FIG.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view showing a part of the configuration of an organic EL element manufactured under different conditions.
- an organic EL element will be described as an example of a light emitting element.
- An organic EL display device will be described as an example of the display device.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view of an organic EL element according to an embodiment.
- the organic EL element 1 includes a substrate 10 and a first electrode (metal layer) 11, a transparent conductive layer 12, a hole injection layer 14, and an electron block layer that are sequentially formed on the substrate 10. 15, a light emitting layer 16, an electron injection layer 17, a second electrode 18, and a sealing layer 19.
- the organic EL element 1 in the present embodiment is a top emission type EL element, and emits light by EL emission to the side opposite to the substrate 10 (above the paper surface).
- a light-transmitting substrate such as a glass substrate may be provided on the sealing layer 19.
- the substrate 10 is, for example, a translucent substrate.
- a transparent substrate made of glass or transparent resin can be used as the substrate 10.
- a flexible flexible substrate made of a resin can be used as the substrate 10.
- the substrate 10 is, for example, soda glass, non-fluorescent glass, phosphate glass, borate glass, quartz, acrylic resin, styrene resin, polycarbonate resin, epoxy resin, polyethylene, polyester, silicone resin, or alumina. It can be made of an insulating material such as.
- the substrate 10 does not necessarily have translucency, and in the case of the top emission type organic EL element 1 as in the present embodiment, a non-translucent substrate such as a silicon substrate may be used.
- a non-translucent substrate such as a silicon substrate
- the substrate 10 is configured as a TFT substrate provided with a plurality of TFTs (Thin Film Transistors).
- the first electrode 11 is formed on the substrate 10 in a predetermined shape.
- the first electrode (lower electrode) 11 is a reflective electrode having light reflectivity, and has a function of reflecting light generated in the light emitting layer 16.
- the first electrode 11 is a metal layer containing aluminum, for example, and is an aluminum alloy as an example.
- the first electrode 11 is mainly composed of aluminum and may contain lanthanum, cobalt, and the like.
- the metal element constituting the first electrode 11 is not limited to aluminum, but may be any metal element having an ionization potential lower than that of the metal element constituting the metal oxide of the transparent conductive layer 12. Since the transparent conductive layer 12 in this embodiment is indium zinc oxide (IZO: Indium Zinc Oxide), the metal element constituting the first electrode 11 is a metal element having a lower ionization potential than zinc (Zn). I just need it.
- IZO Indium Zinc Oxide
- the first electrode 11 in the present embodiment is an anode (anode)
- the first electrode 11 when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 18, the first electrode 11 to the hole injection layer 14. Holes are injected into the hole.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 is laminated on the first electrode 11.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 is interposed between the first electrode 11 and the hole injection layer 14 and has a function of improving the bonding property between the respective layers, and from damage during patterning of the first electrode 11 by photolithography. Has a function to protect. Since the transparent conductive layer 12 is patterned simultaneously with the first electrode 11, the planar view shape is substantially the same as the first electrode 11.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 is a transparent conductive film containing IZO.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 is an IZO single film layer (IZO film) as an example.
- first electrode 11 may be referred to as an anode, or a laminated film of the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 may be referred to as an anode.
- first electrode 11 is a lower layer anode
- transparent conductive layer 12 is an upper layer anode.
- a plurality of first electrodes 11 and transparent conductive layers 12 are formed in a matrix as a whole in an island shape in an active matrix drive type display device, and in a row direction and a column direction in a passive matrix drive type display device, respectively.
- a plurality of lines are formed in a line shape.
- the bank 13 is a partition wall for partitioning the light emitting layer 16 and has an opening for forming the light emitting layer 16.
- each of the plurality of light emitting layers 16 is provided in a region partitioned by the bank 13.
- the bank 13 defines a unit pixel (sub pixel).
- the bank 13 is formed of, for example, an organic material such as resin or an inorganic material such as glass.
- the organic material include acrylic resin, polyimide resin, and novolac type phenol resin.
- inorganic materials include SiO 2 (silicon oxide), Si 3 N 4 (silicon nitride), and the like.
- the bank 13 is preferably formed of a material having resistance to organic solvents and insulation, and further, an etching process or a baking process may be performed, so that the bank 13 is formed of a material having high resistance to those processes. It is preferable that
- the first electrode 11, the transparent conductive layer 12, the hole injection layer 14, and the light emitting layer 16 are laminated in this order.
- the first electrode 11, the transparent conductive layer 12, the hole injection layer 14, and the light emitting layer 16 are separated into a plurality of regions by the bank 13.
- the bank 13 may not be provided.
- the hole injection layer (HIL) 14 is formed on the first electrode 11 so as to be surrounded by the bank 13.
- the hole injection layer 14 is interposed between the first electrode 11 (transparent conductive layer 12) and the light emitting layer 16 and has a function of injecting holes into the light emitting layer 16.
- the ionization energy of the hole injection layer 14 is selected to be between the work function of the first electrode 11 and the ionization energy of the light emitting layer 16.
- hole injection layer 14 for example, an organic material made of phthalocyanine, oligoamine, dendrimer amine, polythiophene, or the like, or an inorganic material made of metal oxide such as a tungsten oxide film is used.
- the hole injection layer 14 in the present embodiment is made of an organic amine material.
- the electron block layer (IL) 15 is formed on the hole injection layer 14.
- the electron blocking layer 15 suppresses the electrons injected from the electron injection layer 17 from reaching the hole injection layer 14.
- the ionization energy of the electron block layer 15 is larger than the ionization energy of the light emitting layer 16.
- a polymer organic material is used for the electron block layer 15.
- the light emitting layer 16 is a layer interposed between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 18 and is injected when a predetermined voltage is applied to the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 18.
- the light emitting material is excited by the energy generated by recombination of the electrons and holes and emits light.
- the light emitting layer 16 is sandwiched between an electron block layer 15 and an electron injection layer 17.
- the light emitting layer 16 can emit light of a predetermined color (wavelength) by selecting a material.
- the light emitting layer 16 can be any one of a red light emitting layer that emits red light, a green light emitting layer that emits green light, and a blue light emitting layer that emits blue light.
- the light emitting layer 16 may be a light emitting layer that emits white light.
- the light emitting layer 16 is an organic light emitting layer using, for example, an organic material, and any of a low molecular organic material and a high molecular organic material may be used.
- F8BT poly (9,9-di-n-octylfluorene-alt-benzodiazole)
- the light emitting layer 16 is not limited to this material, It can comprise so that another well-known organic material may be included.
- oxinoid compounds perylene compounds, coumarin compounds, azacoumarin compounds, oxazole compounds, oxadiazole compounds, perinone compounds, pyrrolopyrrole compounds, naphthalene compounds, anthracene compounds, fluorene compounds, fluoranthene compounds, tetracene compounds, pyrene compounds, coronene compounds, Quinolone compounds, azaquinolone compounds, pyrazoline derivatives, pyrazolone derivatives, rhodamine compounds, chrysene compounds, phenanthrene compounds, cyclopentadiene compounds, stilbene compounds, diphenylquinone compounds, styryl compounds, butadiene compounds, dicyanomethylenepyran compounds, dicyanomethylenethiopyran compounds, fluorescein Compounds, pyrylium compounds, thiapyrylium compounds, serenapyrylium compounds Telluropyrylium compounds, aromatic ardad
- the electron injection layer (EIL) 17 is formed on the light emitting layer 16.
- the electron injection layer 17 in the present embodiment is formed so as to cover the light emitting layer 16 and the bank 13. That is, the electron injection layer 17 is formed so as to be continuous with the adjacent subpixel beyond the region defined by the bank 13. For example, the electron injection layer 17 may be formed so as to cover all the subpixels.
- the electron injection layer 17 is interposed between the second electrode 18 and the light emitting layer 16 and has a function of injecting electrons into the light emitting layer 16.
- the electron affinity of the electron injection layer 17 is selected to be between the work function of the second electrode 18 and the electron affinity of the light emitting layer 16.
- an organic material such as a metal chelate, a phenanthroline, an oxadiazole, or a triazole, or an inorganic material such as an alkali metal compound or an alkaline earth metal compound is used.
- the inorganic material for example, barium, phthalocyanine, lithium fluoride, or a mixture thereof can be used.
- the second electrode 18 (upper electrode) is formed on the electron injection layer 17 so as to face the first electrode 11. Similar to the electron injection layer 17, the second electrode 18 in the present embodiment is formed so as to cover the light emitting layer 16 and the bank 13, for example, so as to cover all the subpixels.
- the second electrode 18 is formed of a material having optical transparency.
- the 2nd electrode 18 is a transparent conductive layer (transparent electrode) comprised by transparent metal oxides, such as indium tin oxide (ITO: Indium Tin Oxide) or IZO, for example.
- the second electrode 18 may be configured to transmit light by thinning a metal film such as Ag (silver) or Al (aluminum) even if the material itself is not transparent. Further, the second electrode 18 may be a laminated film of a plurality of films selected from these transparent metal oxides and metal films.
- the second electrode 18 in the present embodiment is a cathode (cathode)
- the second electrode 18 when a voltage is applied between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 18, the second electrode 18 to the electron injection layer 17. Electrons are injected.
- the sealing layer 19 is formed so as to cover the second electrode 18.
- the sealing layer 19 has a function of preventing the organic layer such as the light emitting layer 16 from being exposed to moisture or air. Therefore, the sealing layer 19 is not necessarily required, but is preferably provided.
- the sealing layer 19 can use an organic or inorganic insulating material.
- an organic material such as a fluororesin, or an oxide material such as SiO 2 (silicon oxide), GeO (germanium oxide), Al 2 O 3 (aluminum oxide), or SiON (acid)
- An inorganic material such as a nitride material such as silicon nitride or SiN (silicon nitride) can be used.
- the sealing layer 19 may have a configuration in which a plurality of types of materials are stacked. In the case of a top emission type organic EL element, a material having optical transparency is used for the sealing layer 19.
- the ratio of zinc to indium in the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12 is 0.25 or less.
- the hole injection layer, the electron blocking layer, and the electron injection layer are provided as the functional layer between the first electrode 11 and the second electrode 18, but these layers are not necessarily required.
- the functional layer may be configured by appropriately combining these layers with a hole transport layer, a hole block layer, an electron transport layer, and the like.
- a light-transmitting substrate such as a glass substrate may be disposed on the sealing layer 19 via an adhesive layer.
- An optical substrate color filter substrate may be disposed.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional perspective view of the organic EL display device according to the embodiment.
- the organic EL display device 2 includes a first electrode 11, a transparent conductive layer 12, a hole injection layer 14, and an electron block layer 15 on a planarization layer formed on a substrate (TFT substrate) 10.
- the light emitting layer 16, the electron injection layer 17, and the second electrode 18 are sequentially formed.
- the sealing layer 19 is omitted.
- a unit pixel is defined by a bank 13, and each unit pixel is composed of sub-pixels 3R, 3G, and 3B of three colors (red, green, and blue). These subpixels 3R, 3G, and 3B are arranged in a matrix, and the subpixels 3R, 3G, and 3B are separated from each other by a bank 13.
- Each of the subpixels 3R, 3G, and 3B includes a light emitting layer 16 that emits red light (red light emitting layer), a light emitting layer 16 that emits green light (green light emitting layer), and a light emitting layer 16 that emits blue light (blue light emitting layer). Is provided.
- the bank 13 shown in FIG. 2 is a pixel bank, and is formed so as to surround the entire circumference of the light emitting layer 16 for each subpixel.
- the bank 13 may be a line bank instead of a pixel bank.
- the bank 13 is formed so as to divide a plurality of pixels into columns or rows, and the bank 13 exists on both sides of the light emitting layer 16 in the row direction or both sides in the column direction. The thing of the bank becomes a continuous composition.
- the organic EL display device 2 when the organic EL display device 2 is of an active matrix drive system, a plurality of gate wirings (scanning lines) arranged along the row direction and the gate wiring intersect the substrate 10 which is a TFT substrate.
- a plurality of source wirings (signal wirings) arranged along the column direction and a plurality of power supply wirings arranged in parallel with the source wirings are formed, and each unit pixel has, for example, an orthogonal gate wiring And the source wiring.
- the bank 13 is formed in a lattice shape so that the protrusions extending in parallel to the gate wiring and the protrusions extending in parallel to the source wiring intersect each other.
- a switching transistor (TFT) that operates as a switching element and a driving transistor that operates as a driving element are formed.
- the gate wiring is connected to each of the gate electrodes of the switching transistors in the unit pixels in each row, and the source wiring is connected to each of the source electrodes of the switching transistors in the unit pixels in each column. Further, the power supply wiring is connected to the drain electrode of the driving transistor for each column.
- FIG. 3 is a manufacturing flow diagram of the organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- 4 to 7 are process cross-sectional views in the method for manufacturing the organic EL element according to the embodiment.
- the method for manufacturing the organic EL element 1 includes, as an example, a step of forming the first electrode 11 (Step 1), a step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12 (Step 2), and the first electrode.
- 11 step 3
- a process of processing the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 step 4
- a step of forming the bank 13 step 5
- a hole injection layer 14 are formed.
- a process of forming the two electrodes 18 (step 10) and a process of forming the sealing layer 19 step 11
- a process of forming the two electrodes 18 step 10
- a process of forming the sealing layer 19 step 11
- the organic EL element 1 is manufactured by the processes from Step 1 to Step 11. Hereinafter, each step will be described in detail.
- a metal containing aluminum as the first electrode 11 is formed on the substrate 10 such as a glass substrate by sputtering, for example. Form a layer.
- the first electrode 11 may be formed by vacuum deposition or the like.
- an IZO film is laminated as the transparent conductive layer 12 on the first electrode 11 by, for example, sputtering. To do.
- the first electrode 11 is moved at a predetermined temperature and time in order to reduce the sheet resistance of the first electrode 11. Bake. In this way, oxidation / reduction reaction with the transparent conductive layer 12 can be suppressed by oxidizing the first electrode 11 in advance. In this embodiment, since the transparent conductive layer 12 is formed on the first electrode 11 and then fired, the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are fired together.
- a laminated film of the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 is formed by photo
- the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 having a predetermined shape are formed by patterning using a lithography method.
- a plurality of patterns of the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are formed in an island shape.
- Step 5 in the step of forming the bank 13 (Step 5), as shown in FIG. 5A, for example, regions (each subpixel region) where the patterns of the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are formed are formed. Banks 13 are formed so as to surround them.
- the bank 13 can be formed by a photolithography method.
- a resist film for example, a photosensitive resin
- a photoresist material is formed on the transparent conductive layer 12 by coating or the like, the resist film is exposed through a mask, and then developed with a developer. Then, a desired part of the resist film is removed and opened, and then a pattern of the bank 13 is formed by performing a heat treatment (for example, a baking process).
- a heat treatment for example, a baking process
- the bank 13 when forming the bank 13 with an inorganic material, it can be formed using, for example, a CVD method or the like. Further, a liquid repellent treatment may be applied to the surface of the bank 13 as necessary.
- the hole injection layer 14 can be formed as shown in FIG. 5B.
- an organic amine material is used as the material of the hole injection layer 14.
- the organic material (ink) constituting the hole injection layer 14 may be applied by a coating method such as a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing, or relief printing.
- a coating method such as a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing, or relief printing.
- the step of forming the hole injection layer 14 may be performed between the step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12 and the step of forming the bank 13. . In this case, the hole injection layer 14 may not be surrounded by the bank 13.
- an organic material (ink) constituting the electron block layer 15 is removed from the hole injection layer 14 in a region defined by the bank 13 by an ink jet method. By applying and drying on top, the electron block layer 15 can be formed as shown in FIG.
- an amine polymer is used as the material of the electron block layer 15.
- the amine polymer becomes a printing ink by being dispersed in a solvent.
- the organic material (ink) constituting the electronic block layer 15 may be applied by a coating method such as a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing or letterpress printing.
- a coating method such as a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing or letterpress printing.
- step 8 an organic material (ink) constituting the light emitting layer 16 is applied onto the electronic block layer 15 in the region defined by the bank 13 by an inkjet method, By making it dry, the light emitting layer 16 can be formed as shown to Fig.6 (a).
- the organic material (ink) constituting the light emitting layer 16 may be applied by a coating method such as a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing or letterpress printing.
- a coating method such as a dispenser method, a nozzle coating method, a spin coating method, intaglio printing or letterpress printing.
- the organic material constituting the light emitting layer 16 is applied separately for each of the red light emitting layer, the green light emitting layer, and the blue light emitting layer.
- a red light emitting layer, a green light emitting layer, and a blue light emitting layer can also be apply
- a barium thin film is formed as the electron injection layer 17 on the light emitting layer 16 by, for example, vacuum deposition. .
- an ITO film is formed as the second electrode 18 on the electron injection layer 17 by, for example, sputtering. To do.
- a SiN film is formed as the sealing layer 19 on the second electrode 18, for example, by plasma CVD.
- the ratio of zinc to indium in the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12 is set to 0.25 or less.
- the process of oxidizing (baking) the 1st electrode (metal layer) 11 was performed after the process of forming the transparent conductive layer 12, as shown in FIG. You may perform before the process of forming. That is, the step of oxidizing (baking) the first electrode (metal layer) 11 (step 2 ′), the step of forming the first electrode 11 (step 1), and the step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12 (step 3 ′). You may go between. In this case, only the first electrode 11 can be baked and oxidized.
- a step of irradiating the first electrode 11 with ultraviolet rays may be used as the step of oxidizing the first electrode 11.
- the first electrode 11 can also be oxidized by irradiating the first electrode 11 with ultraviolet rays, whereby the sheet resistance of the first electrode 11 can be reduced.
- the user receives the blue light in which the direct light and the reflected light interfere with each other.
- the y value in the xy chromaticity diagram of the CIE XYZ color system is lowered, that is, the By value (blue y value) is lowered (low By value), and deep blue It is desirable to make it deeper (deep blue).
- the By value blue y value
- deep blue It is desirable to make it deeper (deep blue).
- a color filter is not used, deep blue tends to achieve a wide color gamut desirable in a display device such as a TV. Even when a color filter is used, a color filter that allows easy passage of a low By value is required to widen the color gamut.
- the interference between the direct light and the reflected light can be suppressed to some extent by suppressing the interference between the direct light and the reflected light by making the transparent conductive layer 12 thinner.
- the reflected light is compared with the direct light by the electron block layer 15, the hole injection layer 14, and the transparent conductive layer 12. It will pass extra for 3 round trips. Therefore, it is conceivable to reduce the wavelength light in the long wavelength region of blue light (for example, the center wavelength is 460 nm) to reduce the By wavelength to deep blue by reducing the thickness of these three layers.
- the hole injection layer 14 and the electron blocking layer 15 are formed of an organic material
- the hole injection layer 14 and the electron block layer 15 are formed by a coating method (printing). Is 15 nm, and the process limit of the electron blocking layer 15 is 10 nm.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 can be made thinner than the hole injection layer 14 and the electron blocking layer 15 and can be made thinner to 5 nm or less.
- the oxidation process includes a step of firing the first electrode 11 after laminating the transparent conductive layer 12 on the first electrode 11. At this time, the aluminum constituting the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer are baked. It was found that this was caused by the oxidation-reduction reaction with IZO constituting the layer 12 to separate Zn atoms, and the Zn atoms were released to the vicinity of the interface with the first electrode 11 in the transparent conductive layer 12. That is, it was found that O (oxygen) in IZO was consumed in the oxidation reaction of aluminum (Al).
- the junction level at the interface between the transparent conductive layer 12 and the hole injection layer 14 is reduced. Getting worse. That is, many trap levels derived from Zn segregation are generated. As a result, the drive voltage of the organic EL element increases.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 which is an IZO film cannot be deeply colored (lower y value) due to cavity displacement when the film is thickened, and the drive voltage increases when the film is thinned.
- the technology of the present disclosure has been made based on such knowledge, and even if the transparent conductive layer 12 made of an IZO film is thinned, zinc (Zn) with respect to In (indium) in the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12 is obtained. It was found that an increase in the driving voltage of the organic EL element can be suppressed by defining an upper limit value of the ratio of
- the problem has been described for the organic EL element that emits blue light.
- the organic EL element that emits red light and green light similarly has a problem that the drive voltage increases when the film is thinned.
- the technology is also effective for organic EL elements that emit red light and green light.
- the design is based on the blue light having the lowest light emission efficiency, and therefore, the blue light will be mainly described below.
- the inventors of the present application produced six samples having the configuration shown in FIG. 11, and measured and calculated the Zn ratio to In in the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12 for each sample.
- An experiment was conducted to examine the dependency on the driving voltage of the organic EL element.
- FIG. 12 shows the experimental results.
- the organic EL element in this experiment is the same as the organic EL element having the structure shown in FIG.
- the film thicknesses of the aluminum alloys in the samples No. 1 to No. 6 were all 400 nm.
- the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are formed using an aluminum alloy as the first electrode 11 and an IZO film having a thickness of 16 nm as the transparent conductive layer 12. Then, the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 were baked at 230 ° C. for 1 hour. Other manufacturing methods were performed in accordance with the methods shown in FIGS.
- an aluminum alloy is used as the first electrode 11
- an IZO film having a thickness of 5 nm is used as the transparent conductive layer 12
- the first electrode 11 is formed as a single film, and then the first electrode 11 is formed at 230 ° C. Then, the transparent conductive layer 12 was formed on the first electrode 11.
- Other manufacturing methods were carried out in accordance with the methods shown in FIGS.
- the first electrode 11 was formed after the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 were formed using an aluminum alloy as the first electrode 11 and an IZO film having a thickness of 5 nm as the transparent conductive layer 12.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 was baked at 230 ° C. for 15 minutes. Other manufacturing methods were performed in accordance with the methods shown in FIGS.
- an aluminum alloy is used as the first electrode 11
- an IZO film having a thickness of 5 nm is used as the transparent conductive layer 12
- the first electrode 11 is formed as a single film and is then formed with respect to the first electrode 11.
- Ultraviolet irradiation was performed, and then a transparent conductive layer 12 was formed on the first electrode 11.
- Other manufacturing methods were carried out in accordance with the methods shown in FIGS.
- the aluminum electrode is used as the first electrode 11
- the IZO film having a film thickness of 5 nm is used as the transparent conductive layer 12
- the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are formed, and then the first electrode 11 is formed.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 was baked at 230 ° C. for 45 minutes. Other manufacturing methods were performed in accordance with the methods shown in FIGS.
- the first electrode 11 was formed after the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 were formed using an aluminum alloy as the first electrode 11 and an IZO film having a thickness of 5 nm as the transparent conductive layer 12.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 was baked at 230 ° C. for 60 minutes. Other manufacturing methods were performed in accordance with the methods shown in FIGS.
- the composition ratio of In, Zn, and O in the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12 was measured and calculated by XPS. As shown in FIG. The composition ratio of O and O was normalized with In, and the relationship between the Zn ratio and the drive voltage was plotted. That is, the horizontal axis in FIG. 12 indicates the zinc detection intensity with respect to the indium detection intensity by XPS, and indicates the ratio of Zn when indium is 1. In addition, the vertical axis in FIG. 12 indicates the driving voltage of the organic EL element (voltage for applying a current density of 10 mA / cm 2 ).
- the Zn ratio with respect to In of the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12 that is, the Zn ratio with respect to In near the interface on the hole injection layer 14 side (light emitting layer 16 side) is 0.25 or less. It turns out to be good. Thereby, an increase in drive voltage can be suppressed.
- the step of firing the first electrode (metal layer) 11 is preferably performed before the step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12.
- the Zn ratio with respect to In of the surface layer of the IZO film (transparent conductive layer 12) is preferably 0.17 or more.
- the redox reaction between the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 occurs by firing, and thereby the surface of the transparent conductive layer 12 (IZO film). It is thought that Zn segregated in the layer (near the interface with the hole injection layer 14). That is, the segregation of Zn is due to oxygen consumption of the transparent conductive layer 12 (IZO film) by the first electrode 11 (aluminum alloy). As described above, it is considered that as a result of segregation of Zn, the junction level at the interface between the transparent conductive layer 12 and the hole injection layer 14 is deteriorated, and the driving voltage of the organic EL element is increased.
- the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 undergo oxidation-reduction reaction due to firing, and segregation of Zn occurs. Since the film thickness is large, the segregation of Zn occurs only in the transparent conductive layer 12, and no segregation of Zn occurs in the surface layer of the transparent conductive layer 12. As a result, it is considered that the junction level at the interface between the transparent conductive layer 12 and the hole injection layer 14 did not deteriorate, and no increase in the driving voltage of the organic EL element was observed.
- the anode is composed of only the transparent conductive layer 12 (IZO film) having a film thickness of 50 nm, for example, Zn segregation does not occur in the surface layer. This is because the oxidation-reduction reaction between the aluminum alloy of the first electrode 11 and the IZO of the transparent conductive layer 12 does not occur.
- the first electrode (metal layer) 11, the transparent conductive layer 12 containing indium zinc oxide (IZO), and the light emitting layer. 16 is laminated, the ratio of Zn to In in the vicinity of the interface of the transparent conductive layer 12 on the light emitting layer 16 side is 0.25 or less.
- the thickness of the transparent conductive layer 12 is preferably about 5 nm or less.
- first electrode (metal layer) 11 may contain aluminum.
- the aluminum of the first electrode 11 and the IZO of the transparent conductive layer 12 may undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction, and segregation of Zn may occur in the transparent conductive layer 12. Since the ratio of Zn to In in the vicinity of the interface on the layer 16 side is 0.25 or less, an increase in the driving voltage of the organic EL element 1 can be suppressed.
- a hole injection layer 14 may be provided between the transparent conductive layer 12 and the light emitting layer 16.
- the hole injection layer 14 may be made of an organic amine material.
- the junction level between the transparent conductive layer 12 and the hole injection layer 14 can be deteriorated by segregation of Zn in the transparent conductive layer 12 (IZO), but in the vicinity of the interface of the transparent conductive layer 12 on the light emitting layer 16 side. Since the ratio of Zn to In is 0.25 or less, an increase in driving voltage of the organic EL element 1 can be suppressed.
- an electron blocking layer 15 may be provided between the hole injection layer 14 and the light emitting layer 16.
- the step of forming the first electrode (metal layer) 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 containing indium zinc oxide above the first electrode 11 are formed.
- the ratio is 0.25 or less.
- the step of oxidizing the first electrode 11 is, for example, a step of firing the first electrode 11 or a step of irradiating the first electrode 11 with ultraviolet rays.
- the step of oxidizing the first electrode 11 may be performed after the step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12.
- the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are collectively oxidized.
- the first electrode 11 and the underlying transparent conductive layer 12 are collectively fired.
- the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 may undergo an oxidation-reduction reaction and segregation of Zn may occur in the transparent conductive layer 12, but Zn in the vicinity of the interface of the transparent conductive layer 12 on the light emitting layer 16 side. Since the ratio is 0.25 or less, an organic EL element that can suppress an increase in drive voltage can be manufactured.
- the step of oxidizing the first electrode 11 may be performed between the step of forming the first electrode 11 and the step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12.
- the first electrode 11 can be oxidized before the transparent conductive layer 12 is formed. Thereby, for example, the first electrode 11 can be fired as a single film and previously oxidized, so that the diffusion of Zn in the transparent conductive layer 12 can be suppressed. Therefore, it is possible to manufacture an organic EL element that can further suppress an increase in driving voltage as compared with the case where the first electrode 11 and the transparent conductive layer 12 are collectively oxidized.
- the transparent conductive layer 12 may be formed so that the thickness is about 5 nm or less.
- first electrode (metal layer) 11 may be formed so as to contain aluminum.
- a step of forming the hole injection layer 14 may be included between the step of forming the transparent conductive layer 12 and the step of forming the light emitting layer 16.
- the hole injection layer 14 may be made of an organic amine material.
- a step of forming the electron blocking layer 15 may be included between the step of forming the hole injection layer 14 and the step of forming the light emitting layer 16.
- This configuration can suppress the electrons injected from the electron injection layer 17 from reaching the hole injection layer 14 by the electron block layer 15. Therefore, an organic EL element with more excellent characteristics can be manufactured.
- the organic EL element is described as an example of the light emitting element, but the present invention can be applied to light emitting elements other than the organic EL element.
- the organic EL display device is described as an example of the display device.
- the present invention can be applied to display devices other than the organic EL display device.
- the organic EL display device may be either a passive matrix driving method or an active matrix driving method.
- the organic EL element 1 can also be used for a light emitting device other than a display device such as a lighting device.
- the technique of the present disclosure can be applied to various electronic devices such as a light emitting element such as an organic EL element and a manufacturing method thereof, and a display device and a lighting device using the light emitting element.
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Abstract
Description
まず、本実施の形態に係る有機EL素子1の構成について、図1を用いて説明する。図1は、実施の形態に係る有機EL素子の断面図である。
次に、有機EL素子1を用いた有機EL表示装置2の構成について、図2を用いて説明する。図2は、実施の形態に係る有機EL表示装置の断面斜視図である。
次に、有機EL素子1の製造方法について、図3~図7を用いて説明する。図3は、実施の形態に係る有機EL素子の製造フロー図である。図4~図7は、実施の形態に係る有機EL素子の製造方法における工程断面図である。
以下、有機EL素子1の作用効果について、本開示の技術を得るに至った経緯も含めて説明する。
以上説明したように、本実施の形態における有機EL素子1及び有機EL表示装置2によれば、第1電極(金属層)11とインジウム亜鉛酸化物(IZO)を含む透明導電層12と発光層16とが積層された構成において、透明導電層12の発光層16側の界面付近におけるInに対するZnの比率が0.25以下となっている。
2 有機EL表示装置
3R、3G、3B サブピクセル
10 基板
11 第1電極
12 透明導電層
13 バンク
14 正孔注入層
15 電子ブロック層
16 発光層
17 電子注入層
18 第2電極
19 封止層
Claims (16)
- 金属層と、インジウム亜鉛酸化物を含む透明導電層と、発光層とが積層された発光素子であって、
前記透明導電層の前記発光層側の界面付近における、インジウムに対する亜鉛の比率が0.25以下である
発光素子。 - 前記透明導電層の厚さは、略5nm以下である
請求項1に記載の発光素子。 - 前記金属層は、アルミニウムを含む
請求項1又は2に記載の発光素子。 - さらに、前記透明導電層と前記発光層との間に正孔注入層が設けられている
請求項1~3のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子。 - 前記正孔注入層は、有機アミン系材料によって構成されている
請求項4に記載の発光素子。 - さらに、前記正孔注入層と前記発光層との間に電子ブロック層が設けられている
請求項4又は5に記載の発光素子。 - 請求項1~6のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子を備える
表示装置。 - 金属層を形成する工程と、
前記金属層の上方にインジウム亜鉛酸化物を含む透明導電層を形成する工程と、
前記金属層を酸化する工程と、
前記透明導電層の上方に発光層を形成する工程とを含み、
前記透明導電層の前記発光層側の界面付近における、インジウムに対する亜鉛の比率が0.25以下である
発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属層を酸化する工程は、前記金属層を焼成又は紫外線照射する工程である
請求項8に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属層を酸化する工程は、前記透明導電層を形成する工程の後に行う
請求項8又は9に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属層を酸化する工程は、前記金属層を形成する工程と前記透明導電層を形成する工程との間に行う
請求項8又は9に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記透明導電層を形成する工程では、厚さが略5nm以下となるように前記透明導電層を形成する
請求項8~11のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記金属層は、アルミニウムを含む
請求項8~12のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - さらに、前記透明導電層を形成する工程と前記発光層を形成する工程との間に、正孔注入層を形成する工程を含む
請求項8~13のいずれか1項に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - 前記正孔注入層は、有機アミン系材料によって構成されている
請求項14に記載の発光素子の製造方法。 - さらに、前記正孔注入層を形成する工程と前記発光層を形成する工程との間に、電子ブロック層を形成する工程を含む
請求項14又は15に記載の発光素子の製造方法。
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| US14/897,021 US9825250B2 (en) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-30 | Light-emitting element, display device, and method for manufacturing light-emitting element |
| JP2015525043A JP6159981B2 (ja) | 2013-07-04 | 2014-06-30 | 発光素子、表示装置及び発光素子の製造方法 |
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| KR20180014895A (ko) * | 2016-08-01 | 2018-02-12 | 삼성디스플레이 주식회사 | 유기 발광 표시 장치 및 유기 발광 표시 장치의 제조 방법 |
| US11251407B2 (en) | 2017-08-25 | 2022-02-15 | Boe Technology Group Co., Ltd. | Display panel having an optical coupling layer and manufacturing method thereof electroluminescent device and display device |
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| US10804436B2 (en) * | 2017-10-06 | 2020-10-13 | Glo Ab | Light emitting diode containing oxidized metal contacts |
| US11362238B2 (en) | 2017-10-06 | 2022-06-14 | Nanosys, Inc. | Light emitting diode containing oxidized metal contacts |
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| US9825250B2 (en) | 2017-11-21 |
| JPWO2015001785A1 (ja) | 2017-02-23 |
| JP6159981B2 (ja) | 2017-07-12 |
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