WO2015049762A1 - 蓄電装置 - Google Patents
蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- WO2015049762A1 WO2015049762A1 PCT/JP2013/076963 JP2013076963W WO2015049762A1 WO 2015049762 A1 WO2015049762 A1 WO 2015049762A1 JP 2013076963 W JP2013076963 W JP 2013076963W WO 2015049762 A1 WO2015049762 A1 WO 2015049762A1
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- WIPO (PCT)
- Prior art keywords
- power storage
- refrigerant
- storage device
- control mechanism
- case
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6567—Liquids
- H01M10/6568—Liquids characterised by flow circuits, e.g. loops, located externally to the cells or cell casings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/61—Types of temperature control
- H01M10/613—Cooling or keeping cold
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/62—Heating or cooling; Temperature control specially adapted for specific applications
- H01M10/625—Vehicles
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/63—Control systems
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/64—Heating or cooling; Temperature control characterised by the shape of the cells
- H01M10/643—Cylindrical cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/655—Solid structures for heat exchange or heat conduction
- H01M10/6556—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange
- H01M10/6557—Solid parts with flow channel passages or pipes for heat exchange arranged between the cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6563—Gases with forced flow, e.g. by blowers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/60—Heating or cooling; Temperature control
- H01M10/65—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells
- H01M10/656—Means for temperature control structurally associated with the cells characterised by the type of heat-exchange fluid
- H01M10/6561—Gases
- H01M10/6566—Means within the gas flow to guide the flow around one or more cells, e.g. manifolds, baffles or other barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/204—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells
- H01M50/207—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape
- H01M50/213—Racks, modules or packs for multiple batteries or multiple cells characterised by their shape adapted for cells having curved cross-section, e.g. round or elliptic
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/233—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions
- H01M50/24—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders characterised by physical properties of casings or racks, e.g. dimensions adapted for protecting batteries from their environment, e.g. from corrosion
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M50/00—Constructional details or processes of manufacture of the non-active parts of electrochemical cells other than fuel cells, e.g. hybrid cells
- H01M50/20—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders
- H01M50/249—Mountings; Secondary casings or frames; Racks, modules or packs; Suspension devices; Shock absorbers; Transport or carrying devices; Holders specially adapted for aircraft or vehicles, e.g. cars or trains
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M2220/00—Batteries for particular applications
- H01M2220/20—Batteries in motive systems, e.g. vehicle, ship, plane
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power storage device in which a power storage module is accommodated, and more particularly to a power storage device having a cooling function for a power storage module.
- Electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and the like are equipped with a power storage device as a power source.
- the power storage device accommodates a power storage module including a plurality of secondary battery cells such as lithium ion secondary battery cells.
- the power storage device generates heat during charging or discharging, but has a large number of secondary battery cells, so that a temperature difference occurs between the secondary battery cells. Since the temperature difference between the secondary battery cells affects the performance and damage of the battery, it is necessary to employ a cooling structure that does not cause the temperature difference as much as possible.
- the power storage case has a cooling air inlet at one side and a cooling air outlet at the opposite side, and a plurality of power storage modules are housed inside the power storage case.
- a cooling air control plate having a plurality of slits is provided between the cooling air inlet of the electricity storage case and the electricity storage module on the most upstream side.
- vortex lines are generated in the cooling air at the peripheral edge of the plurality of slits of the cooling air control plate, thereby generating a dense and sparse irregular cooling air flow, and the strength and speed of the flow. Changes over time. For this reason, it is described that average cooling is performed globally as time elapses (see, for example, Patent Document 1).
- the cooling air that has passed through the cooling air control plate cools the outer peripheral surface of the power storage module, is discharged from the cooling air outlet, and directly cools the secondary battery cells in the power storage module. Absent. For this reason, in the case where the secondary battery cells are arranged in a plurality of stages inside the power storage module, there is a large temperature between the secondary battery cell on the inner side and the secondary battery cell on the outer surface side. There will be a difference.
- a power storage module case includes: a power storage module case; and a plurality of power storage elements arranged in a plurality of stages in the power storage module case, and a plurality of power storage elements arranged in each stage.
- An electricity storage case having an outlet communicating with the inlet and the refrigerant outlet, and one outer side of the pair of side portions formed with the refrigerant inlet in the power storage module case or the other of the pair of side portions formed with the refrigerant outlet
- the refrigerant circulation control mechanism is arranged outside the refrigerant outlet.
- the number of circulation openings is larger than the number of refrigerant outlets, and the area of each circulation opening is smaller than the area of the refrigerant outlets.
- the refrigerant flow control mechanism can be a plate-like member disposed between the power storage module case and the power storage case.
- the refrigerant flow control mechanism can be a plate-like member disposed outside the electricity storage case.
- the flow opening of the refrigerant flow control mechanism is configured such that (i) when the refrigerant flow control mechanism is disposed outside the refrigerant inlet, More than the number of inlets, and the area of each flow opening is smaller than the area of the flow inlet. (Ii) When the refrigerant flow control mechanism is arranged outside the refrigerant outlet, it is larger than the number of flow outlets.
- the area of each flow opening is preferably smaller than the area of the outlet and satisfies the above (i) or (ii).
- the refrigerant flow control mechanism can be formed in the electricity storage case.
- the power storage element can be a cylindrical secondary battery cell.
- at least one distribution opening is formed so as to correspond to each of the plurality of power storage elements arranged in one stage. It is preferable to make it.
- each flow opening can be formed across a plurality of power storage elements arranged in one stage.
- a plurality of the power storage modules are provided in a power storage case, a refrigerant flow control mechanism is provided for each of the plurality of power storage modules, and at least one refrigerant flow is provided.
- the flow opening of the control mechanism may be different from the flow openings of other refrigerant flow control mechanisms in at least one of shape, area, and arrangement.
- the electricity storage case has a refrigerant inlet or outlet, and is stored in a position close to the inlet or outlet side of the refrigerant flow control mechanism.
- the total area of the flow openings is preferably smaller than the total area of the flow openings of the refrigerant flow control mechanism housed at a position far from the inlet side or the outlet side.
- the refrigerant is introduced into the power storage module from the refrigerant introduction section, and is led out of the power storage module from the refrigerant outlet section through the gaps between the secondary battery cells arranged in multiple stages in the power storage module.
- a refrigerant flow control mechanism having a flow opening is disposed outside the refrigerant introduction part or the refrigerant discharge part, and the refrigerant is almost evenly distributed by the refrigerant flow control mechanism.
- the power storage elements can be cooled on average, so that the temperature difference between the power storage elements can be reduced.
- FIG. 1 is an external perspective view of an embodiment of a power storage device according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage device illustrated in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of a part of the power storage device illustrated in FIG. 2 as viewed from the back side.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage device illustrated in FIG. 2 with a power storage module removed.
- FIG. 3 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage module and attachment (refrigerant distribution control mechanism) illustrated in FIG. 2.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic external perspective view of the power storage module illustrated in FIG. 5.
- (A) is an exploded perspective view for demonstrating the structure of the electrical storage module shown in FIG. 5
- (b) is a typical external appearance perspective view of an electrical storage module.
- FIG. 6 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage module illustrated in FIG. 5.
- 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a power storage device of the present invention.
- (A) is a figure which shows the modification of an attachment, respectively.
- the principal part disassembled perspective view which shows Embodiment 2 of the electrical storage apparatus of this invention.
- the principal part disassembled perspective view which shows Embodiment 3 of the electrical storage apparatus of this invention.
- FIG. 6 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing Embodiment 4 of the power storage device of the present invention.
- FIGS. 1 is an external perspective view of an embodiment of a power storage device according to the present invention, FIG.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage device illustrated in FIG. 1, and FIG. 3 is a power storage illustrated in FIG.
- FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of a part of the device viewed from the back side, and FIG. 4 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage device illustrated in FIG. 2 with the power storage module removed.
- the power storage device 1 is, for example, a lithium ion battery device, and a plurality of power storage modules 40 including a plurality of secondary battery cells 101 (see FIG. 8: power storage elements) such as lithium ions are accommodated in a power storage case 2.
- the electricity storage case 2 has a shape in which a small rectangular parallelepiped is connected to the left side of a large rectangular parallelepiped.
- the front-rear direction, the left-right direction, and the up-down direction will be described as directions shown in FIGS.
- the electricity storage case 2 includes a main case 11, a side cover 12, an under cover 13, and a top cover 14.
- the main case 11 has a side wall 31 (see FIG. 3) at the rear, and has a frame shape with upper, lower, and front portions opened.
- the main case 11, the side cover 12, the under cover 13, and the top cover 14 are each formed, for example, by pressing a thin metal plate.
- the side cover 12 is disposed to face the side wall 31 of the main case 11 and closes the opening on the front side of the main case 11.
- the side wall 31 constitutes a rear wall, and the side cover 12 constitutes a front wall.
- the under cover 13 closes the lower opening of the main case 11, and the top cover 14 closes the upper opening of the main case 11.
- Each of the side cover 12, the under cover 13, and the top cover 14 is fixed to the main case 11 with a fastening member such as a bolt, and forms a space for accommodating an electronic component therein.
- a power storage module storage area 2A in which the power storage module 40 is stored and a control unit storage area in which the control unit 4 is stored. 2B is formed.
- a plurality (three in this embodiment) of power storage modules 40A to 40C are arranged in the power storage module accommodation area 2A.
- Each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C has a rectangular parallelepiped block shape, and in the present embodiment, the longitudinal direction extends in the vertical direction within the main case 11, and is arranged adjacent to each other and accommodated in parallel.
- the power storage modules 40A, 40B, and 40C are arranged in the order away from the control unit accommodation area 2B, that is, in the right direction in FIG.
- a refrigerant inlet 116 is provided at the front of each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C.
- a refrigerant outlet 118 (see FIG. 3) is provided at the rear of each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C.
- the side cover 12 is provided with an intake port (inflow port) 22 facing the refrigerant introduction port 116 of each power storage module 40.
- an exhaust port (outlet) 32 is provided on the side wall 31 of the main case 11 so as to face the refrigerant outlet 118 of each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C.
- a refrigerant control mechanism that controls the flow of a refrigerant such as air, that is, An attachment 150 (see FIG. 5) is arranged.
- FIG. 5 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage module and the attachment shown in FIG. 2, and FIG. 6 is a schematic external perspective view of the power storage module shown in FIG.
- FIG. 7A is an exploded perspective view for explaining the structure of the power storage module shown in FIG. 5, and
- FIG. 7B is a schematic external perspective view of the power storage module.
- the power storage modules 40A to 40C are provided with positive terminals 41A to 41C and negative terminals 42A to 42C at portions separated on both sides in the longitudinal (vertical) direction.
- an SD (service disconnect) switch 53 can be used to electrically connect or disconnect between the two.
- the SD switch 53 is a safety device provided to ensure safety during maintenance and inspection of the power storage device 1 and is composed of an electric circuit in which a switch and a fuse are electrically connected in series. It is operated during maintenance and inspection.
- the six external terminals from the positive terminal 41A of the power storage module 40A to the negative terminal 42C of the power storage module 40C are connected by a harness so that the power storage modules 40A to 40C are in series, and the external terminal (not shown) of the control unit 4 Connected to.
- the power storage modules 40A to 40C have two voltage detection boards 201 and 202 (see FIG. 2) and a temperature detection sensor 45 (see FIG. 2) arranged along the side surfaces in the longitudinal (vertical) direction. These are connected to a control device (not shown) of the control unit 4 by a voltage detection line and a sensor line, not shown.
- the power storage modules 40A to 40C have the same structure.
- the power storage modules 40A to 40C will be described as the power storage module 40 as appropriate.
- the power storage module 40 has a configuration in which a plurality of secondary battery cells 101 are held in a power storage module case, that is, a holding case 111, which will be described later in the present embodiment.
- secondary battery cells 101 are arranged in three stages.
- the holding case 111 has a hexahedral shape.
- the holding case 111 includes a pair of vertical wall surfaces 114 that are spaced apart from each other in the vertical direction and face each other between the upper surface 112 and the lower surface 113, and are spaced apart from each other in the left-right direction.
- the holding case 111 is made of, for example, resin, and is opposed to the front-rear direction so as to face each other, and a pair of front end surface portions extending between the long side portions of the upper surface portion 112, the lower surface portion 113, and the pair of vertical wall surface portions 114.
- 115a and a rear end surface portion 115b see FIG. 9).
- FIG. 7B is a schematic diagram for illustrating the positional relationship between the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118.
- a refrigerant such as air flows into the holding case 111 from the refrigerant inlet 116, flows through the holding case 111 in the front-rear direction, and flows out from the refrigerant outlet 118 on the rear side.
- the front end surface portion 115 a of the holding case 111 is arranged to face the side cover 12, and the refrigerant inlet 116 of the front end surface portion 115 a is the intake port 22 of the side cover 12.
- the rear end surface portion 115 b of the holding case 111 of the power storage module 40 is disposed to face the side wall 31, and the refrigerant outlet port 118 of the rear end surface portion 115 b faces the exhaust port 32 of the side wall 31.
- an attachment 150 described later is interposed between the side cover 12 and the front end surface portion 115 a of the holding case 111 in the electricity storage case 2. Further, the side wall 31 of the main case 11 and the rear end surface portion 115b of the holding case 111 are fixed in close contact via an insertion member (not shown).
- the refrigerant introduction port 116 of the front end surface portion 115 a of the holding case 111 and the intake port 22 of the side cover 12 are brought into communication with each other, and the refrigerant outlet port 118 of the rear end surface portion 115 b of the holding case 111 and the side wall of the main case 11.
- the exhaust port 32 of 31 is directly in communication.
- a refrigerant such as air taken in by a duct (not shown) is introduced into the electricity storage module 40 through the intake port 22 and the refrigerant introduction port 116 of the electricity storage case 2, and passes through the refrigerant outlet 118 and passes through the refrigerant outlet port 118. It is discharged out of the electricity storage module 40 through the exhaust port 32. That is, the refrigerant directly contacts the plurality of secondary battery cells 101 arranged inside the power storage module 40 to cool them.
- the space region formed in the upper part of the battery is used as a wiring path, and wiring for connecting the power storage modules 40A to 40C and the control unit 4 is passed.
- the wiring that passes through this portion includes a harness that connects the negative terminal 42C of the power storage module 40C and the control unit 4, and a voltage detection line that transmits detection signals of the voltages of the power storage modules 40A to 40C to the control unit 4.
- a sensor line or the like that transmits a detection signal of the temperature detection sensor 45 to the control unit 4 is included.
- the power storage module 40A and the power storage module 40B have a configuration including 14 secondary battery cells 101
- the power storage module 40C has a configuration including 12 battery cells.
- Fourteen secondary battery cells 101 are arranged inside the power storage module 40A and the power storage module 40B.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode of each secondary battery cell 101 are connected to the negative electrode and the positive electrode of opposite polarity of the adjacent secondary battery cell 101 by the conductive member 191 (see FIG. 7A), and all 14 are connected in series.
- the power storage module 40C is similarly connected in series with all twelve arranged inside.
- External lead terminals are connected to the first secondary battery cell 101 and the last secondary battery cell 101 of each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C, respectively, so that the positive terminals 41A to 41C and the negative terminals 42A to 42C shown in FIGS. It is connected to the.
- the secondary battery cell 101 is a cylindrical lithium ion secondary battery, and is configured by housing components such as a battery element and a safety valve inside a battery container into which an electrolytic solution is injected.
- the safety valve on the positive electrode side is a cleavage valve that cleaves when the internal pressure of the battery container reaches a predetermined pressure due to an abnormality such as overcharging.
- the safety valve functions as a fuse mechanism that cuts off the electrical connection between the battery lid and the positive electrode side of the battery element by being cleaved, and the gas generated inside the battery container, that is, a mist-like carbon dioxide gas containing an electrolytic solution ( It functions as a decompression mechanism that ejects the ejected matter) to the outside of the battery container.
- a cleavage groove is also provided on the negative electrode side of the battery container, and it breaks when the internal pressure of the battery container reaches a predetermined pressure due to an abnormality such as overcharge. Thereby, the gas generated inside the battery container can be ejected also from the negative electrode terminal side.
- the nominal output voltage of the secondary battery cell 101 is 3.0 to 4.2 volts, and the average nominal output voltage is 3.6 volts.
- FIG. 8 is an exploded perspective view of the power storage module shown in FIG.
- the plurality of secondary battery cells 101 juxtaposed in the vertical direction in the holding case 111 are arranged in the case 111 such that the central axis extends to the left and right of the holding case 111.
- the secondary battery cells 101 are arranged in a plurality of multiple stages (in this embodiment, 5 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 5 three stages). That is, each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C has a configuration in which secondary battery cell arrays 103 each configured by arranging a plurality of secondary battery cells 101 are stacked in a plurality of stages in the holding case 111.
- the case of the power storage module 40A or 40B is illustrated, but in the case of the power storage module 40C, for example, 4 ⁇ 3 stages or 5 ⁇ 4 ⁇ 3 three stages.
- the front side secondary battery cell array 103F, the rear side secondary battery cell array 103R, and the intermediate layer secondary battery cell array 103M are held.
- the secondary battery cell array 103F on the front side and the secondary battery cell array 103R on the rear side are held in the same array, and the secondary battery cell array 103M on the intermediate layer is held on the front side.
- the secondary battery cell array 103 ⁇ / b> F and the rear-side secondary battery cell array 103 ⁇ / b> R are held in a state where they are shifted by half of the secondary battery cells 101 in the longitudinal (vertical) direction of the holding case 111.
- the arrangement pitch of the secondary battery cell array 103F on the front side and the arrangement pitch of the secondary battery cell array 103R on the rear side and the secondary battery cell array 103M on the intermediate layer are set to be the same.
- the secondary battery cell arrays at adjacent stages can be brought close to each other and orthogonal to the column direction.
- the direction dimension can be shortened. Therefore, the length in the front-rear direction of the power storage modules 40A to 40C, that is, the height can be reduced.
- the holding case 111 includes four members: a rear holding frame member 121, an intermediate holding frame member 131, an intermediate holding frame member 132, and a front holding frame member 141.
- the middle holding frame member 131 has a middle holding frame 131R on the side facing the rear holding frame member 121, and has a middle holding frame 131F on the side facing the middle holding frame member 132.
- the middle holding frame member 132 has a middle holding frame 132R on the side facing the middle holding frame member 131, and has a middle holding frame 132F on the side facing the front holding frame member 141.
- the cylindrical portion of the secondary battery cell 101 is fitted to the rear holding frame member 121, the middle holding frames 131R and 131F of the middle holding frame member 131, the middle holding frames 132R and 132F of the middle holding frame member 132, and the front holding frame 141.
- a mating semicircular recess 137 is provided.
- the secondary battery cell 101 of the secondary battery cell array 103R is sandwiched and held by the rear holding frame member 121 and the middle holding frame 131R of the middle holding frame member 131.
- the secondary battery cells 101 of the secondary battery cell array 103M are sandwiched and held by the middle holding frame 131F and the middle holding frame 132R of the middle holding frame member 132.
- the secondary battery cells 101 of the secondary battery cell array 103F are sandwiched and held by the middle holding frame 132F and the front holding frame member 141 by the middle holding frame member 132.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode of the secondary battery cell 101 held by each holding frame member are exposed to the outside from the recess 137.
- the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 formed in the front end surface portion 115a and the rear end surface portion 115b of the holding case 111 are formed in a rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction. That is, the line segment which projected the upper side of the refrigerant
- the line segments projected on the secondary battery cell arrays 103F, 103M, and 103R on the lower sides of the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are projected onto the peripheral surface of the lowermost secondary battery cell 101.
- the secondary battery cells 101 constituting each of the secondary battery cell arrays 103F, 103M, and 103R are arranged with a gap from the adjacent secondary battery cells 101 in each array. Further, it is held by the holding frame member with a gap between the arrays. That is, each secondary battery cell 101 arranged in the holding case 111 is held with a gap from the adjacent secondary battery cell 101 and the adjacent secondary battery cell 101 in each array.
- the refrigerant such as air introduced from the refrigerant introduction port 116 passes through the gap between the secondary battery cells 101 while being in contact with each secondary battery cell 101 and cooled, and is cooled from the refrigerant outlet port 118.
- the structure is structured.
- An attachment 150 shown in FIG. 5 is arranged in front of each of the power storage modules 40A to 40C.
- the attachment 150 is a plate member made of metal, resin, or rubber.
- the attachment 150 has a plurality of flow openings 151 at positions corresponding to the refrigerant inlet 116. More specifically, the attachment 150 has a plurality of refrigerant introduction ports 116 that are smaller than the area of the refrigerant introduction port 116 disposed in the vertical direction of the refrigerant introduction port 116.
- FIG. 9 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing an embodiment of a power storage device of the present invention.
- a power storage module 40 is housed in the power storage case 2 of the power storage device 1, and a plurality of secondary battery cell arrays 103 configured by a plurality of secondary battery cells 101 are stored in the holding case 111 of the power storage module 40. It is housed in a tier.
- Each secondary battery cell 101 is disposed with a gap from the adjacent secondary battery cell 101 in the same stage and the secondary battery cell 101 of the secondary battery cell array 103 in the adjacent stage.
- An intake port 22 is formed in the side cover 12 of the electricity storage case 2, and an exhaust port 32 is formed in the side wall 31 of the electricity storage case 2.
- a refrigerant introduction port 116 having substantially the same area as the intake port 22 is formed at a position corresponding to the intake port 22.
- a refrigerant outlet port 118 having substantially the same area as the exhaust port 32 is formed at a position corresponding to the exhaust port 32.
- An attachment 150 is interposed between the side cover 12 and the front end surface portion 115 a of the holding case 111 of the power storage module 40.
- the attachment 150 has a plurality of flow openings 151 arranged at approximately equal intervals in the region of the intake port 22 and the refrigerant introduction port 116, and the respective flow openings 151 are connected to the intake port 22 and the refrigerant introduction port 116. Communicate.
- Each flow opening 151 has an area smaller than that of the air inlet 22 and the refrigerant inlet 116.
- Five distribution openings 151 are formed corresponding to the five secondary battery cells 101 arranged in the secondary battery cell 103F. That is, one distribution opening 151 is arranged for one secondary battery cell 101.
- the attachment 150 can be fixed to one or both of the holding case 111 and the side cover 12 by being fitted into the holding case 111 and bonding.
- the flow opening 151 of the attachment 150 has a function of controlling the flow state such as the flow rate, direction, and flow rate of the refrigerant, and the refrigerant such as air that has passed through the intake port 22 is introduced with the flow state controlled. It flows into the holding case 111 from the opening 116.
- the refrigerant that has passed through the intake port 22 is distributed almost evenly at the flow opening 151 of the attachment 150, and the distributed refrigerant cools the secondary battery cells 101 so that the temperatures are equal.
- the refrigerant is guided to the refrigerant outlet 118 through the gap between the secondary battery cells 101 arranged in the holding case 111, and the flow of the refrigerant is good. For this reason, high cooling efficiency can be obtained.
- the cooling structure if the number of stages of the secondary battery cell array 103 is less than the number of secondary battery cells 101 constituting the secondary battery cell array 103, the refrigerant flow from the refrigerant inlet 116 to the refrigerant outlet 118 Since the path length is shortened, the cooling effect can be increased, which is preferable.
- the attachment 150 is illustrated as being disposed on the refrigerant inlet 116 side, but the attachment 150 may be disposed on the refrigerant outlet 118 side. Further, the attachment 150 may be disposed on both sides of the refrigerant inlet 116 side and the refrigerant outlet 118 side.
- a seal member may be provided on one or both of the space between the front end surface portion 115a of the holding case 111 and 150.
- the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are illustrated as having the same shape and the same area, but the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are different in one or both of shape and area. Also good. Moreover, although the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are illustrated as one opening, one or both may be separated into a plurality of openings.
- FIG.10 (a) and FIG.10 (b) are figures which show the modification of an attachment, respectively.
- An attachment 150A illustrated in FIG. 10A has a circulation opening 151A having a rectangular shape that is long in the vertical direction.
- each circulation opening 151A is disposed across all of the five secondary battery cells 101 constituting the secondary battery cell array 103F.
- the attachment 150B illustrated in FIG. 10B has a large number of elliptical flow openings 151B.
- two and one circulation opening 151B are alternately arranged in the vertical direction. However, all may be the same number.
- the shape, arrangement, and area of the flow openings 151A and 151B of the attachments 150A and 150B illustrated in FIGS. 10A and 10B are merely examples.
- the shape of the flow opening 151 can be a circle, a hexagon, an octagon, or a combination of different shapes.
- the arrangement, pitch, area, and the like can be selected as appropriate.
- the distribution opening 151 is (I) When the attachment 150 is disposed on the refrigerant inlet 116 side, the attachment 150 has a larger number than the number of the refrigerant inlets 116, and the area of each circulation opening 151 is smaller than the area of the refrigerant inlet 116.
- the attachment 150 When the attachment 150 is disposed on the refrigerant outlet 118 side, the attachment 150 has a larger number than the refrigerant outlet 118, and the area of each flow opening 151 is smaller than the area of the refrigerant outlet 118. Any of the above should be satisfied.
- the power storage device has the following effects.
- the attachment 150 having a plurality of flow openings 151 having a smaller area than the refrigerant inlet 116 or the refrigerant outlet 118 is disposed outside the refrigerant inlet 116 or the refrigerant outlet 118 of the power storage module 40.
- Refrigerant such as air is distributed almost evenly at the distribution opening 151 of the attachment 150, and the temperature of the secondary battery cells 101 constituting each of the secondary battery cell arrays 103 arranged in multiple stages is evenly distributed. Cool to Therefore, the temperature difference between the secondary battery cells 101 becomes small, and it becomes easy to maintain the battery performance.
- the attachment 150 is disposed outside the refrigerant inlet 116 or the refrigerant outlet 118 of the power storage module 40.
- the attachment 150 is disposed inside the power storage module 40 or formed integrally with the power storage module 40, the internal structure of the power storage module 40, the number of secondary battery cells 101 to be accommodated, and the installation location of the power storage module 40 are different.
- the attachment 150 needs to be changed accordingly.
- the attachment 150 is disposed outside the refrigerant inlet 116 or the refrigerant outlet 118 of the power storage module 40, the attachment 150 is fitted into the holding case 111, and the holding case 111 or the side cover 12 is attached. It can be attached to one or both by a simple assembling work such as adhesion, and the assembling workability is good.
- FIG. 11 is an exploded perspective view of main parts showing a second embodiment of the power storage device of the present invention.
- the power storage device 1 of the second embodiment is characterized in that the attachment 150 of the first embodiment is omitted and an opening 150C that functions as a refrigerant flow control mechanism is provided in the side wall 31 of the power storage case 2.
- the side wall 31 of the power storage case 2 is provided with three refrigerant distribution control mechanisms 150C.
- Each refrigerant flow control mechanism 150 ⁇ / b> C is configured by a plurality of flow openings 151 ⁇ / b> C having a smaller area than the refrigerant outlet 118.
- the refrigerant flow control mechanism 150C is provided on the side wall 31 of the power storage case 2, the same effects as in (1) of the first embodiment are obtained.
- the refrigerant flow control mechanism 150C is formed integrally with the power storage case 2, it is possible to further improve the efficiency of the assembling work as compared with the first embodiment.
- the intake port 22 of the side cover 12 may be replaced with the refrigerant flow control mechanism 150C.
- the refrigerant flow control mechanism 150C may also be provided on the side wall 31 of the main case 11.
- the shape and area of the flow opening 151C formed in the refrigerant flow control mechanism 150C can be changed as appropriate, as in the first embodiment.
- FIG. 12 is an exploded perspective view of the main part showing Embodiment 3 of the power storage device of the present invention, showing the correspondence between the power storage modules 40A to 40C and the attachments 150D to 150F fixed to the power storage modules 40A to 40C. ing. Attachments 150D to 150F are attached corresponding to the refrigerant inlets 116 and / or the refrigerant outlets 118 of the respective power storage modules 40A to 40C. A flow opening 151D is formed in each of the attachments 150D to 150F. The number of flow openings 151D formed in the attachments 150D to 150F is the largest for the attachment 150D, the second most for the attachment 150E, and the smallest for the attachment 150F.
- the total area of the flow openings 151D formed in the attachments 150D to 150F decreases in the order of the attachments 150D, 150E, and 150F. That is, the flow rate of the refrigerant passing through the flow openings 151D of the attachments 150D to 150F decreases in the order of the attachments 150D, 150E, and 150F.
- the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing around the attachments 150D to 150F is higher on the upstream side. For this reason, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing in from the attachments 150D to 150F is averaged. That is, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing into the power storage modules 40A to 40C becomes substantially the same, and the cooling capacity of the power storage modules 40A to 40C is made uniform.
- the attachments 150D to 150F having the flow openings 151D are arranged corresponding to the respective power storage modules 40A to 40C, the same effects as (1) to (3) of the first embodiment are obtained. . In addition, the following effects are achieved. (4)
- the total areas of the flow openings 151D of the attachments 150D to 150F attached to the power storage modules 40A to 40C are different. Therefore, the flow rate of the refrigerant flowing into the power storage modules 40A to 40C via the attachments 150D to 150F is adjusted according to the ambient temperature where the power storage modules 40A to 40C are arranged, the position of the duct, and the like, and the power storage module 40A
- the temperature difference between the secondary battery cells 101 within 40C can be reduced. That is, the temperature difference between the secondary battery cells 101 can be reduced with respect to the secondary battery cells 101 in different power storage modules 40.
- the shape and area of the flow opening 151D can be appropriately changed as in the first and second embodiments. Further, the shapes of the flow openings 151D formed in the attachments 150D to 150F may be different from each other.
- FIG. 13 is a schematic cross-sectional view showing Embodiment 4 of the power storage device of the present invention.
- the fourth embodiment is characterized in that the attachment 150 is disposed outside the side cover 12 of the electricity storage case 2.
- a power storage module 40 is housed in the power storage case 2 of the power storage device 1, and a plurality of secondary battery cell arrays 103 configured by a plurality of secondary battery cells 101 are stored in the holding case 111 of the power storage module 40. It is housed in a tier.
- Each secondary battery cell 101 is disposed with a gap from the adjacent secondary battery cell 101 in the same stage and the secondary battery cell 101 of the secondary battery cell array 103 in the adjacent stage.
- An intake port 22 is formed in the side cover 12 of the electricity storage case 2, and an exhaust port 32 is formed in the side wall 31 of the electricity storage case 2.
- a refrigerant introduction port 116 having substantially the same area as the intake port 22 is formed at a position corresponding to the intake port 22.
- a refrigerant outlet port 118 having substantially the same area as the exhaust port 32 is formed at a position corresponding to the exhaust port 32.
- the attachment 150 is attached to the outside of the side cover 12 of the electricity storage case 2.
- the attachment 150 has a plurality of flow openings 151 formed in the region of the intake port 22 and the refrigerant introduction port 116, and each flow opening 151 communicates with the intake port 22 and the refrigerant introduction port 116.
- Each flow opening 151 has an area smaller than that of the air inlet 22 and the refrigerant inlet 116.
- the attachment 150 can be fixed by fitting into the side cover 12 or bonding.
- the refrigerant taken in from a duct flows into the power storage module 40 from the distribution opening 151, the intake port 22 and the refrigerant introduction port 116 of the attachment 150.
- the flow state such as the flow rate, the direction, and the flow velocity is controlled and distributed almost evenly, and the secondary battery cells 101 arranged in the power storage module 40 are distributed. Cool evenly. Then, it is led out to the refrigerant outlet 118 through a gap between the secondary battery cells 101 arranged in the holding case 111. For this reason, high cooling efficiency can be obtained.
- the attachment 150 is attached to the outside of the electricity storage case 2, the same effects as (1) and (2) of the first embodiment are obtained.
- the attachment of the attachment 150 to the power storage case 2 is a simple operation such as fitting and bonding, the assembly workability is good.
- the cooling structure if the number of stages of the secondary battery cell array 103 is smaller than the number of secondary battery cells 101 constituting the secondary battery cell array 103, the refrigerant flow from the refrigerant inlet 116 to the refrigerant outlet 118 Since the path length is shortened, the cooling effect can be increased, which is preferable.
- the attachment 150 is illustrated as being disposed on the refrigerant inlet 116 side, but the attachment 150 may be disposed on the refrigerant outlet 118 side. Further, the attachment 150 may be disposed on both sides of the refrigerant inlet 116 side and the refrigerant outlet 118 side.
- the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are illustrated as having the same shape and the same area. However, the medium inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are different in one or both of the shape and area. Also good. Moreover, although the refrigerant inlet 116 and the refrigerant outlet 118 are illustrated as one opening, one or both may be separated into a plurality of openings.
- a sealing member may be disposed between the attachment 150 and the side cover 12.
- the present invention is not limited to a power storage device including a lithium ion secondary battery, and is also applicable to a power storage device including a secondary battery using a water-soluble electrolyte solution, such as a nickel metal hydride battery, a nickel cadmium battery, or a lead storage battery. Is possible.
- the present invention is also applicable to a power storage device including a power storage element such as a lithium ion capacitor or an electrolytic double layer capacitor.
- air is exemplified as the refrigerant, but a gas other than air may be used. Further, instead of gas, liquid may be used as the refrigerant.
- a plurality of secondary battery cells are arranged in multiple stages in a power storage module case, Refrigerant flow control is provided by providing a refrigerant introduction port and a refrigerant discharge port facing each other in the longitudinal direction of each secondary battery cell of the module case, and arranging a refrigerant flow control mechanism outside at least one of the refrigerant introduction port and the refrigerant discharge port. Any mechanism may be used as long as it has a plurality of flow openings having a smaller area and a larger number than the refrigerant inlet and the refrigerant outlet.
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Abstract
Description
蓄電装置は、充電または放電の際に熱が発生するが、多数の二次電池セルを備えているため、二次電池セル間に温度差が生じる。二次電池セル間の温度差は、電池の性能や損傷に影響するため、できるだけ温度差が生じないような冷却構造を採用する必要がある。
蓄電ケースには、一側部に冷却風導入口が、反対側の側部に冷却風導出口が形成され、蓄電ケース内部に、複数の蓄電モジュールが収容されている。蓄電ケースの冷却風導入口と最上流側の蓄電モジュールとの間に、複数本のスリットが設けられた冷却風制御板が設けられている。
この冷却構造では、冷却風制御板の複数のスリットの周縁部で冷却風に渦線が生じることにより、密・疎の不規則な冷却風の流れが発生し、流れの強さ、速さ等が時間に伴って変化する。このため、時間経過と共に、大局的に、平均的な冷却が行われると記載されている(例えば、特許文献1参照)。
このため、蓄電モジュール内部に、二次電池セルが複数段に亘って配列されているような場合には、内部側の二次電池セルと外面側の二次電池セルとの間には大きな温度差が生じてしまう。
本発明の第2の態様によると、第1の態様において、蓄電モジュールケース内に配列された蓄電素子の段数は、各段に配列された蓄電素子の個数よりも小さいことが好ましい。
本発明の第3の態様によると、第2の態様において、冷媒流通制御機構は、蓄電モジュールケースと蓄電ケースとの間に配置されている板状部材とすることができる。
本発明の第4の態様によると、第2の記載の態様において、冷媒流通制御機構は、蓄電ケースの外側に配置されている板状部材とすることができる。
本発明の第5の態様によると、第3または4の態様において、冷媒流通制御機構の流通開口部は、(i)冷媒流通制御機構が冷媒導入口の外側に配置されている場合は、流入口の数よりも多く、各流通開口部の面積は、流入口の面積より小さい、(ii)冷媒流通制御機構が冷媒導出口の外側に配置されている場合は、流出口の数よりも多く、各流通開口部の面積は、流出口の面積より小さい、上記(i)または(ii)を満足することが好ましい。
本発明の第6の態様によると、第2の態様において、冷媒流通制御機構は、蓄電ケースに形成することができる。
本発明の第7の態様によると、第1の態様において、蓄電素子は、円筒形二次電池セルとすることができる。
本発明の第8の態様によると、第7の態様において、流通開口部は、1つの段に配列された複数の前記蓄電素子のそれぞれに対応して、少なくとも1つ配置されるように形成されているようにすることが好ましい。
本発明の第9の態様によると、第7の態様において、各流通開口部は、1つの段に配列された複数個の蓄電素子に跨って形成することができる。
本発明の第10の態様によると、第1の態様において、蓄電ケース内に前記蓄電モジュールが複数設けられ、冷媒流通制御機構は複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれに対して設けられ、少なくとも1つの冷媒流通制御機構の流通開口部は、形状、面積、配置の少なくとも1つが、他の冷媒流通制御機構の流通開口部とは異なるようにしてもよい。
本発明の第11の態様によると、第10の態様において、蓄電ケースは、冷媒の取入口または取出口を有し、取入口側または取出し口側に近い位置に収容された冷媒流通制御機構の流通開口部の合計面積が、取入口側または取出し口側から遠い位置に収容された冷媒流通制御機構の流通開口部の合計面積よりも小さくすることが好ましい。
[蓄電装置全体構成]
以下、この発明の蓄電装置の一実施形態を図面と共に説明する。
本実施の形態に係る蓄電装置は、電動車両、例えば電気自動車の電動機駆動システムにおける車載電源装置に適用されるものである。この電気自動車の概念には、内燃機関であるエンジンと電動機とを車両の駆動源として備えたハイブリッド電気自動車、および電動機を車両の唯一の駆動源とする純正電気自動車等が含まれる。
先ず、図1~4を用いて蓄電装置の全体構成について説明する。
図1は、本発明に係る蓄電装置の一実施の形態の外観斜視図であり、図2は図1に図示された蓄電装置の分解斜視図であり、図3は図2に図示された蓄電装置の一部を背面側から観た分解斜視図であり、図4は図2に図示された蓄電装置において、蓄電モジュールを取り外した状態の分解斜視図である。
蓄電装置1は、例えば、リチウムイオンバッテリ装置であり、蓄電ケース2内に、リチウムイオン等の複数の二次電池セル101(図8参照:蓄電素子)を備えた複数の蓄電モジュール40が収容されている。
蓄電ケース2は、大きな直方体の左側に小さな直方体が連結された形状を有している。
なお、以下の説明において、前後方向、左右方向、上下方向を図1、図2に図示する方向として説明する。
サイドカバー12は、メインケース11の側壁31に対向して配置され、メインケース11の前部側の開口を閉じる。側壁31は、後部壁を構成し、サイドカバー12は前部壁を構成する。アンダーカバー13はメインケース11の下部開口を閉じ、トップカバー14はメインケース11の上部開口を閉じる。サイドカバー12、アンダーカバー13、トップカバー14のそれぞれは、メインケース11にボルト等の締結部材により固定され、内部に電子部品を収容するための空間を形成する。
蓄電モジュール収容エリア2Aには、複数個(本実施形態では3個)の蓄電モジュール40A~40Cが配置される。各蓄電モジュール40A~40Cは、直方体のブロック形状を有しており、本実施の形態では、メインケース11内で長手方向が上下方向に延在し、互いに隣接して並列に配置されて収容され、制御ユニット収容エリア2Bから離反する方向、すなわち図2の右方向に向かって蓄電モジュール40A、40B、40Cの順番に並べて配置されている。
サイドカバー12には、各蓄電モジュール40の冷媒導入口116に対向して吸気口(流入口)22が設けられている。また、メインケース11の側壁31には、各蓄電モジュール40A~40Cの冷媒導出口118に対向して排気口(流出口)32が設けられている。
図2、図4には図示されてはいないが、サイドカバー12と各蓄電モジュール40A~40Cとの間には、後述するように、空気等の冷媒の流通を制御する冷媒制御機構、すなわち、アタッチメント150(図5参照)が配置されている。
各蓄電モジュール40A~40Cには、長手(上下)方向両側に分かれた部位に、図6の模式図に示すように、正極端子41A~41Cと負極端子42A~42Cが設けられている。
蓄電モジュール40Aと蓄電モジュール40Bとの間、もしくは蓄電モジュール40Bと蓄電モジュール40との間は、SD(サービスディスコネクト)スイッチ53によって両者間を電気的に接続または遮断できるようなっている。SDスイッチ53は、蓄電装置1の保守、点検の時の安全性を確保するために設けられた安全装置であり、スイッチとヒューズとを電気的に直列に接続した電気回路から構成され、サービスマンによって保守、点検時に操作される。
蓄電モジュール40は、図7(a)に示すように、蓄電モジュールケース、すなわち、保持ケース111内に複数の二次電池セル101を保持した構成を有しており、本実施の形態では、後述するように、前後3段に二次電池セル101が配列されている。保持ケース111は、図7(b)に示すように、六面体形状を有している。保持ケース111は、上下方向に離間して対向する上面部112と下面部113、左右方向に離間して対向し上面部112と下面部113の各短部間に亘る一対の縦壁面部114を有する。また、保持ケース111は、例えば、樹脂により形成されており、前後方向に離反して対向し上面部112、下面部113、一対の縦壁面部114の各長辺部間に亘る一対の前端面部115aと後端面部115b(図9参照)を有する。
図7(b)は、冷媒導入口116と冷媒導出口118との位置関係を示すための模式図である。空気等の冷媒が冷媒導入口116から保持ケース111内に流入し、保持ケース111内を前後方向に亘って流通し、後部側の冷媒導出口118から流出される。
本一実施の形態において、蓄電モジュール40Aと蓄電モジュール40Bは、14個の二次電池セル101を有する構成であり、蓄電モジュール40Cは12個の電池セル有する構成となっている。
蓄電モジュール40Aと蓄電モジュール40Bの内部には、14個の二次電池セル101が配列されている。各二次電池セル101の正極および負極は、隣接する二次電池セル101の反対極性の負極および正極に導電部材191(図7(a)参照)により接続され、14個すべてが直列に接続されている。蓄電モジュール40Cは、図示はしないが、同様に、内部に配列された12個すべてが直列に接続されている。蓄電モジュール40A~40Cそれぞれの最初の二次電池セル101と最後の二次電池セル101にそれぞれ外部引出し端子が接続されて、図5および図6に示す正極端子41A~41Cと負極端子42A~42Cに接続されている。
保持ケース111内で上下方向に並置された複数の二次電池セル101は、その中心軸が保持ケース111の左右に延在するようにケース111内に配置されている。
二次電池セル101は、複数個×複数段(本実施形態では5個×4個×5個の3段)に配列されている。すなわち、蓄電モジュール40A~40Cは、保持ケース111内に、それぞれ、複数の二次電池セル101が配列されて構成される二次電池セル配列体103が、複数段に積層配置されている構成を有している。図8では、蓄電モジュール40Aまたは40Bの場合で図示されているが、蓄電モジュール40Cの場合には、例えば、4個×3段または5個×4個×3個の3段とされる。
後部保持枠部材121、中保持枠部材131の中保持枠131Rおよび131F、中保持枠部材132の中保持枠132Rおよび132F、前部保持枠141には、二次電池セル101の円筒部を嵌合する半円形の凹部137が設けられている。
アタッチメント150は、金属製、樹脂製、またはゴム製の板状部材である。図9に示すように、アタッチメント150には、冷媒導入口116に対応する位置に、複数の流通開口部151が形成されている。より詳細には、アタッチメント150は、冷媒導入口116の上下方向に配置した冷媒導入口116の面積より小さい複数の冷媒導入口116を有する。
上述したアタッチメント、すなわち、冷媒流通制御機構について詳細に説明する。
図9は、本発明の蓄電装置の一実施の形態を示す模式的断面図である。
蓄電装置1の蓄電ケース2内には、蓄電モジュール40が収容され、蓄電モジュール40の保持ケース111内には、複数個の二次電池セル101により構成された二次電池セル配列体103が複数段に収容されている。各二次電池セル101は、同じ段の隣接する二次電池セル101および隣接する段の二次電池セル配列体103の二次電池セル101と隙間を存して配置されている。
流通開口部151は、二次電池セル103Fに配列された5個の二次電池セル101に対応して5個、形成されている。すなわち、1個の二次電池セル101に対して1個の流通開口部151が配置されている。アタッチメント150は、保持ケース111への嵌めこみ、保持ケース111またはサイドカバー12の一方または両方に接着などにより固定することができる。
図10(a)、図10(b)は、それぞれ、アタッチメントの変形例を示す図である。
図10(a)に図示されたアタッチメント150Aは、流通開口部151Aを、上下方向に長い矩形形状としたものである。この変形例においては、各流通開口部151Aは、二次電池セル配列体103Fを構成する5個の二次電池セル101のすべて跨って配置されている。
また、図10(b)に図示されたアタッチメント150Bは、楕円形の流通開口部151Bを多数有するものである。図示の例では、流通開口部151Bは、2個と1個とを、上下方向に交互に配置されている。しかし、すべて同数としてもよい。
図10(a)、図10(b)に図示されたアタッチメント150A、150Bの流通開口部151A、151Bの形状、配列、面積は、単なる一例に過ぎない。流通開口部151の形状は、円形、六角形、八角形としたり、異なる形状の組み合わせとしたりすることができる。また、その配列や、ピッチ、面積なども適宜、選択することができる。
要は、流通開口部151は、
(i)アタッチメント150が冷媒導入口116側に配置されている場合は、冷媒導入口116の数よりも多い数を有し、各流通開口部151の面積が冷媒導入口116の面積より小さい、
(ii)アタッチメント150が冷媒導出口118側に配置されている場合は、冷媒導出口118の数よりも多い数を有し、各流通開口部151の面積が冷媒導出口118の面積より小さい、
のいずれかを満足すればよい。
(1)蓄電モジュール40の冷媒導入口116または冷媒導出口118の外側に、冷媒導入口116または冷媒導出口118より小さい面積を有する複数の流通開口部151を有するアタッチメント150を配設した。
空気等の冷媒は、アタッチメント150の流通開口部151でほぼ均等に配分され、多段に配列された各二次電池セル配列体103を構成する二次電池セル101のそれぞれを、それら温度が均等になるように冷却する。よって、二次電池セル101間の温度差が小さくなり、電池の性能を維持することが容易となる。
図11は、本発明の蓄電装置の実施形態2を示す要部分解斜視図である。
実施形態2の蓄電装置1は、実施形態1のアタッチメント150を省略し、蓄電ケース2の側壁31に冷媒流通制御機構として機能する開口150Cを設ける点に特徴を有する。
蓄電モジュール40A~40Cの冷媒導出口118のそれぞれに対応して、蓄電ケース2の側壁31には、3箇所に冷媒流通制御機構150Cが設けられている。
各冷媒流通制御機構150Cは、冷媒導出口118より面積が小さい、複数の流通開口部151Cにより構成されている。
また、実施形態1と同様、冷媒流通制御機構150Cに形成される流通開口部151Cの形状、面積は、実施形態1と同様、適宜、変更することができる。
図12は、本発明の蓄電装置の実施形態3を示す要部分解斜視図であり、蓄電モジュール40A~40Cと、蓄電モジュール40A~40Cに固定される各アタッチメント150D~150Fとの対応関係を示している。
各蓄電モジュール40A~40Cの冷媒導入口116および/または冷媒導出口118に対応して、アタッチメント150D~150Fが取り付けられる。アタッチメント150D~150Fのそれぞれには、流通開口部151Dが形成されている。アタッチメント150D~150Fに形成された流通開口部151Dの数は、アタッチメント150Dが最も番多く、アタッチメント150Eが次に多く、アタッチメント150Fが最も少ない。換言すれば、アタッチメント150D~150Fに形成された流通開口部151Dの合計面積は、アタッチメント150D、150E、150Fの順に少なくなっている。すなわち、アタッチメント150D~150Fの流通開口部151Dを通過する冷媒の流量は、アタッチメント150D、150E、150Fの順に小さくなる。
(4)蓄電モジュール40A~40Cに取り付けられるアタッチメント150D~150Fの流通開口部151Dの合計面積を異なるものとした。このため、蓄電モジュール40A~40Cが配置される周囲の温度やダクトの位置等に応じて、アタッチメント150D~150Fを介して蓄電モジュール40A~40C内に流入する冷媒の流量を調整し、蓄電モジュール40A~40C内の二次電池セル101の温度差を小さくすることができる。すなわち、異なる蓄電モジュール40内の二次電池セル101に対しても二次電池セル101の温度差を小さくすることが可能となる。
図13は、本発明の蓄電装置の実施形態4を示す模式的断面図である。
実施形態4は、アタッチメント150が蓄電ケース2のサイドカバー12の外側に配置されている点に特徴を有する。
蓄電装置1の蓄電ケース2内には、蓄電モジュール40が収容され、蓄電モジュール40の保持ケース111内には、複数個の二次電池セル101により構成された二次電池セル配列体103が複数段に収容されている。各二次電池セル101は、同じ段の隣接する二次電池セル101および隣接する段の二次電池セル配列体103の二次電池セル101と隙間を存して配置されている。
2 蓄電ケース
22 吸気口(流入口)
32 排気口(流出口)
40、40A、40B、40C 蓄電モジュール
101 二次電池セル(蓄電素子)
111 保持ケース(蓄電モジュールケース)
116 冷媒導入口
118 冷媒導出口
150、150A~150F アタッチメント(冷媒流通制御機構)
151、151A~151D 流通開口部
Claims (11)
- 蓄電モジュールケースと、前記蓄電モジュールケース内に複数段に配列され、且つ、各段に複数個が配列された複数の蓄電素子とを備え、前記蓄電モジュールケースにおける前記蓄電素子の長手方向に沿う一対の側部の一方に冷媒導入口が形成され、前記一対の側部の他方に冷媒導出口が形成された蓄電モジュールと、
前記蓄電モジュールを収容し、前記冷媒導入口に連通する流入口および前記冷媒導出口に連通する流出口を有する蓄電ケースと、
前記蓄電モジュールケースにおける前記冷媒導入口が形成された前記一対の側部の一方の外側または前記冷媒導出口が形成された前記一対の側部の他方の外側の少なくとも一方に配置された冷媒流通制御機構と、を備え、
前記冷媒流通制御機構は、
(i)前記冷媒流通制御機構が前記冷媒導入口の外側に配置されている場合は、前記冷媒導入口の数よりも多い数の流通開口部を有し、前記各流通開口部の面積は、前記冷媒導入口の面積より小さい、
(ii)前記冷媒流通制御機構が前記冷媒導出口の外側に配置されている場合は、前記冷媒導出口の数よりも多い数の流通開口部を有し、前記各流通開口部の面積は、前記冷媒導出口の面積より小さい、
上記(i)または(ii)を満足する、蓄電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記蓄電モジュールケース内に配列された蓄電素子の段数は、各段に配列された蓄電素子の個数よりも小さい、蓄電装置。 - 請求項2に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記冷媒流通制御機構は、前記蓄電モジュールケースと前記蓄電ケースとの間に配置されている板状部材である、蓄電装置。 - 請求項2に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記冷媒流通制御機構は、前記蓄電ケースの外側に配置されている板状部材である、蓄電装置。 - 請求項3または4に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記冷媒流通制御機構の前記流通開口部は、
(i)前記冷媒流通制御機構が前記冷媒導入口の外側に配置されている場合は、前記流入口の数よりも多く、前記各流通開口部の面積は、前記流入口の面積より小さい、
(ii)前記冷媒流通制御機構が前記冷媒導出口の外側に配置されている場合は、前記流出口の数よりも多く、前記各流通開口部の面積は、前記流出口の面積より小さい、
上記(i)または(ii)を満足する、蓄電装置。 - 請求項2に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記冷媒流通制御機構は、前記蓄電ケースに形成されている、蓄電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記蓄電素子は、円筒形二次電池セルである、蓄電装置。 - 請求項7に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記流通開口部は、前記1つの段に配列された複数の前記蓄電素子のそれぞれに対応して、少なくとも1つ配置されるように形成されている、蓄電装置。 - 請求項7に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記各流通開口部は、1つの段に配列された複数個の前記蓄電素子に跨って形成されている、蓄電装置。 - 請求項1に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記蓄電ケース内に前記蓄電モジュールが複数設けられ、前記冷媒流通制御機構は前記複数の蓄電モジュールのそれぞれに対して設けられ、
少なくとも1つの前記冷媒流通制御機構の前記流通開口部は、形状、面積、配置の少なくとも1つが、他の前記冷媒流通制御機構の前記流通開口部とは異なる、蓄電装置。 - 請求項10に記載の蓄電装置において、
前記蓄電ケースは、冷媒の取入口または取出口を有し、
前記取入口側または前記取出し口側に近い位置に収容された前記冷媒流通制御機構の前記流通開口部の合計面積は、前記取入口側または前記取出し口側から遠い位置に収容された前記冷媒流通制御機構の前記流通開口部の合計面積よりも小さい、蓄電装置。
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| PCT/JP2013/076963 WO2015049762A1 (ja) | 2013-10-03 | 2013-10-03 | 蓄電装置 |
| EP13894948.2A EP3054524A4 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2013-10-03 | Electricity storage device |
| CN201380080049.6A CN105594057A (zh) | 2013-10-03 | 2013-10-03 | 蓄电装置 |
| JP2015540320A JP6129329B2 (ja) | 2013-10-03 | 2013-10-03 | 蓄電装置 |
| US15/026,651 US20160240902A1 (en) | 2013-10-03 | 2013-10-03 | Electricity storage device |
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| EP (1) | EP3054524A4 (ja) |
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| US11271259B2 (en) * | 2019-09-04 | 2022-03-08 | Baidu Usa Llc | Airflow management for battery module cooling |
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| EP3054524A1 (en) | 2016-08-10 |
| JPWO2015049762A1 (ja) | 2017-03-09 |
| EP3054524A4 (en) | 2017-04-12 |
| US20160240902A1 (en) | 2016-08-18 |
| CN105594057A (zh) | 2016-05-18 |
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