WO2015040671A1 - 車載用前照灯 - Google Patents
車載用前照灯 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2015040671A1 WO2015040671A1 PCT/JP2013/075023 JP2013075023W WO2015040671A1 WO 2015040671 A1 WO2015040671 A1 WO 2015040671A1 JP 2013075023 W JP2013075023 W JP 2013075023W WO 2015040671 A1 WO2015040671 A1 WO 2015040671A1
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- Prior art keywords
- led
- light
- projection lens
- optical axis
- light distribution
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/20—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by refractors, transparent cover plates, light guides or filters
- F21S41/25—Projection lenses
- F21S41/255—Lenses with a front view of circular or truncated circular outline
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/10—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source
- F21S41/14—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by the light source characterised by the type of light source
- F21S41/141—Light emitting diodes [LED]
- F21S41/143—Light emitting diodes [LED] the main emission direction of the LED being parallel to the optical axis of the illuminating device
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/30—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by reflectors
- F21S41/32—Optical layout thereof
- F21S41/322—Optical layout thereof the reflector using total internal reflection
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F21—LIGHTING
- F21S—NON-PORTABLE LIGHTING DEVICES; SYSTEMS THEREOF; VEHICLE LIGHTING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR VEHICLE EXTERIORS
- F21S41/00—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps
- F21S41/40—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades
- F21S41/43—Illuminating devices specially adapted for vehicle exteriors, e.g. headlamps characterised by screens, non-reflecting members, light-shielding members or fixed shades characterised by the shape thereof
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an in-vehicle headlamp including an LED as a light source and a projection lens that projects light emitted from the LED in front of the vehicle.
- the light source for in-vehicle lamps and the conventional tungsten filament light bulb instead, low power LEDs (light emitting diodes, semiconductor light sources) are beginning to become popular.
- This LED is suitable as a light source for in-vehicle lamps because it has a long life and can emit stable brightness with simple control that supplies a constant current.
- the output has been increased (intensity). As a result, it is becoming popular as a light source for in-vehicle headlamps.
- the optical system of the in-vehicle headlamp uses a concave reflecting mirror, uses a parabolic type that reflects the light emitted from the light source by the reflecting mirror and emits it to the front of the vehicle, and a convex projection lens.
- the light emitted from the light source is classified into a projector type that refracts light by the projection lens and emits the light to the front of the vehicle.
- a conducting wire is connected to both ends of a filament having a length of about 4 mm that emits light in all directions, and there is a glass bulb on the outside of the filament.
- the shape of the portion that emits light or the direction of emitting light cannot be arbitrarily processed.
- a filament as a light source is placed at one focal point of the spheroid reflector, and the light emitted by the filament is collected at the other focal point to obtain a real image of the filament.
- a real image of the filament Form an image. Since there is no light source structure in the vicinity of the real image of the filament, any optical member can be used, and a necessary portion of the light passing through the real image of the filament is projected in front of the vehicle. Thus, a light distribution for an in-vehicle passing lamp that illuminates the front of the vehicle was formed.
- a light-shielding plate is arranged near the real image of the filament, and unnecessary light is shielded by the light-shielding plate to form a dark portion that does not illuminate the driver of the oncoming vehicle that is essential for passing light.
- the light source is a filament covered with a glass sphere, it cannot be used as a light source that emits a light distribution for passing, so the spheroid reflector has no structure around it. This real image was formed, the shape of the filament was processed, and the shape was guided to the projection lens.
- the light emitting portion that is, the light emitting surface of the LED can be formed into an arbitrary shape, and there is no outer glass bulb. It is also possible to arrange a light adjusting member in the vicinity of the LED. In other words, it is not necessary to follow a conventional optical system and light distribution technology using a tungsten filament for a projector-type in-vehicle headlamp using an LED as a light source.
- the following is a vehicle-mounted configuration in which the light emitted from the LED is directly incident on the projection lens with the light emitting surface of the LED facing the front of the vehicle without using a conventional spheroid reflector, although it is a projector type.
- An example of a headlight for a vehicle is shown.
- the direct projection illumination lamp according to Patent Document 1 has a configuration in which light that spreads over a wide area and does not enter a projection lens among light emitted from an LED is collected by an auxiliary lens arranged around the LED.
- this auxiliary lens By using this auxiliary lens, the luminous flux utilization factor can be improved.
- light that does not enter the projection lens bypasses the projection lens and is guided to the front of the vehicle.Because an auxiliary lens that is larger than the projection lens opening is used, the opening of the lamp becomes large and small. It is not suitable as a headlight or optical member.
- the vehicular lamp unit according to Patent Document 2 includes an optical surface that scatters light at the rear focal point of the projection lens in order to alleviate light spots (illuminance unevenness) emitted by an LED light source composed of a plurality of LEDs.
- the light emitted from each LED is transmitted through the optical surface, mixed, and guided to the projection lens.
- the light of the irradiation light projected by the scattering of the lens surface becomes uniform.
- the projection lens (20) is constituted by a plurality of lenses (21, 22), and the surface (S1) of the lens (21) closest to the light source unit (30) Is described so that the lens surface (S1) coincides with the rear focal point of the projection lens (20).
- a cylindrical light guide member (32) whose inside is a reflective surface (31a) is provided between the projection lens (20) and the light source unit (30).
- the lens surface (S1) of the lens (21) closest to the light source unit (30) has a shape that scatters light, and the exit port (31c) of the light guide member (32) and the lens surface that scatters light.
- a configuration in which (S1) and the rear focal point of the projection lens (20) coincide with each other is described.
- the reference numerals in parentheses are those of Patent Document 2.
- Patent Document 2 is used for an in-vehicle passing lamp, For example, the boundary between the upper dark part and the lower bright part for the passing lamp is blurred by the presence of the scattering surface, so that it is not suitable for a passing lamp that requires clear upper and lower brightness.
- the vehicle headlamp according to Patent Document 3 includes a flat first reflecting surface on the lower side and an curved second reflecting surface on the upper side across the optical axis of the LED, and the first reflecting surface of the first reflecting surface.
- the short side is matched with the focus group of the projection lens.
- FIG. 8 of Patent Document 3 describes an optical member (16B) in which a portion surrounded by a first reflecting surface (22) and a second reflecting surface (26) is filled with a resin 36. .
- the utilization rate of the LED light source (12) can be increased by guiding the light emitted from the LED light source (12) to the projection lens (14) while being reflected by the first and second reflecting surfaces (22, 26).
- a thin lamp with a short depth can be constructed (the reference numerals in parentheses are those of Patent Document 3).
- the reflecting surface to be used needs to be a mirror surface, and in order to form the reflecting mirror, for example, a plurality of processes such as vapor deposition of a reflective metal and an antioxidant treatment of the vapor deposition surface are required. Therefore, the unit price as a part increases. In addition, since a plurality of parts are used, the configuration becomes complicated, and the number of assembly steps may increase.
- JP 2009-104933 A JP 2013-73811 A JP 2010-49886 A
- Patent Documents 1 to 3 have advantages and disadvantages as described above, and further improvements are desired.
- the present invention has been made from such a viewpoint, and an object thereof is to realize a simple and inexpensive on-vehicle headlamp while being small in size and capable of emitting sufficient brightness.
- the in-vehicle headlamp according to the present invention is an LED that constitutes a light source, in which one end side of a light emitting surface is formed in a straight line and arranged on the optical axis side, and the center of the light emitting surface is shifted from the optical axis.
- the two convex lenses that are arranged in the optical axis direction and that constitute the projection lens, and are arranged between the LED and the projection lens, are formed using a transparent material, and reflect the light emitted from the LED on the inner surface.
- a light distribution member that has a reflecting surface and forms a cut-off line at the projection lens side end of the reflecting surface.
- the projection lens is composed of two convex lenses, the light emitted from the LED can be used effectively even if each convex lens has a small diameter.
- a vehicle-mounted headlamp that can be used is realized.
- the light distribution member using a transparent material and using the inner surface as a reflecting surface, it is not necessary to perform mirror finishing, and an inexpensive vehicle headlamp can be realized with a simple configuration.
- FIG. 1 It is sectional drawing which shows the structural example of the vehicle-mounted headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 1 of this invention. It is a figure which shows the mode of the irradiation light for passing lamps irradiated to the vehicle front from the vehicle-mounted headlamp. It is a perspective view which shows the structure of LED of the vehicle-mounted headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 1, a light distribution member, and a LED side convex lens. 5 is a diagram for explaining an arrangement example of focal points F of a set of projection lenses 2 in the in-vehicle headlamp according to Embodiment 1. FIG. It is a perspective view which shows the example of the light distribution member used for the vehicle-mounted headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 1. FIG. FIG. FIG.
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing a modification of the optical system of the in-vehicle headlamp according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 3 is a three-view diagram illustrating an example of a projection lens used for the in-vehicle headlamp according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing a modification of the optical system of the in-vehicle headlamp according to the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a side view showing a modification of the optical system of the in-vehicle headlamp according to the first embodiment. It is a side view which shows the structural example of the optical system of the vehicle-mounted headlamp which concerns on Embodiment 2 of this invention.
- FIG. 10 is a side view showing a modification of the optical system of the vehicle headlamp according to the second embodiment.
- the in-vehicle headlamp according to the first embodiment is an example of a projector-type headlamp for a passing lamp, and includes a straight portion 1b in which one end side of the light emitting surface 1a is linear. Projection composed of the LED 1 for a passing lamp arranged on the optical axis side, the center of the light emitting surface 1a being shifted from the optical axis, and the irradiation side convex lens 2a and the LED side convex lens 2b arranged side by side in the optical axis direction.
- the lens 2 is disposed between the LED 1 and the projection lens 2, is formed using a transparent material, and has a reflection surface 3 a that reflects light emitted from the LED 1 on its inner surface, and the projection lens side end of the reflection surface 3 a
- a light distribution member 3 having a side 3b arranged on the optical axis, a heat sink of the LED 1 and a heat radiating and fixing member 4 which also serves as a fixing member of the LED 1, the projection lens 2 and the light distribution member 3, and a case 5 for housing these members And front lens 6 .
- the set of projection lenses 2 mainly has a function that the LED-side convex lens 2b condenses the light emitted from the LED 1 and the irradiation-side convex lens 2a projects it in front of the vehicle.
- the light L1a traveling upward from the LED 1 leaks obliquely above the irradiation-side convex lens 2a without the LED-side convex lens 2b and is not used as irradiation light for the headlamp.
- the LED side convex lens 2b when the LED side convex lens 2b is provided, the light L1 traveling upward from the LED 1 is refracted by the LED side convex lens 2b, enters the irradiation side convex lens 2a, and is irradiated forward of the vehicle. Therefore, the light emitted from the LED 1 is effectively utilized.
- the projection lens which has been one in the past is composed of two projection side convex lens 2a and LED side convex lens 2b as shown in FIG. 1, the focal length is shortened, so that the LED side convex lens 2b faces the LED 1 side. And the focal point F on the LED 1 side of the set of projection lenses 2 can be brought close to each other, and the LED side convex lens 2 b can be arranged in the vicinity of the LED 1 and the light distribution member 3. Therefore, even if a lens having a small aperture diameter is used as the projection lens 2, it is possible to reduce the leakage of the light of the LED 1 that is emitted over a wide range and efficiently enter the projection lens 2.
- FIG. 2 shows the state of the passing light irradiation light emitted from the in-vehicle headlamp to the front of the vehicle.
- the bright light portion is dark and the dark portion is thin.
- the boundary line between the upper dark part and the lower bright part of the irradiation light is a cut-off line.
- a light distribution member 3 is interposed between the LED 1 and the projection lens 2.
- the light emitted downward from the LED 1 and directed upward of the cutoff line via the projection lens 2 is reflected by the reflecting surface 3a of the light distribution member 3, so that it is guided directly below the cutoff line (for example, FIG. 1). L2).
- the upper side of the irradiated light is darkened, and at the same time, the lower part of the lower cut-off line is brightened to form a light distribution for the passing lamp.
- the optical axis side edge of the light emitting surface 1a of the LED 1 corresponding to the straight cut-off line is formed in a straight line to form a straight part 1b. It is desirable.
- a LED having a rectangular light emitting surface 1a may be used, or a plurality of LEDs may be used side by side so that one side is linear. Absent. Further, a semiconductor light source such as a laser LED or an organic LED may be used as the LED 1.
- FIG. 3 shows a positional relationship between the LED 1, the projection lens 2, and the light distribution member 3, and a shape example of the light distribution member 3.
- the LED 1 is arranged with the light emitting surface 1a orthogonal to the optical axis, the linear portion 1b of the light emitting surface 1a facing the optical axis, and the center of the light emitting surface 1a being shifted from the optical axis.
- the light distribution member 3 is formed of a transparent resin, glass, or the like.
- a planar reflection surface 3a is formed on the optical axis side of the light distribution member 3, and the projection lens side end 3b of the reflection surface 3a is disposed on the optical axis. Place on top.
- the incident surface 3c on which the light emitted from the LED 1 is incident and the exit surface 3d that emits the incident light to the LED-side convex lens 2b are orthogonal to the optical axis.
- the light L3 incident at a shallow angle on the reflection surface 3 a inside the light distribution member 3 is totally reflected. That is, a suitable reflecting surface 3 a can be configured without applying a mirror finish to the light distribution member 3.
- the horizontal plane 3b-1 is formed with the left side (the sidewalk side) of the reflecting surface 3a side 3b of the reflecting surface 3a facing the front of the vehicle is horizontal.
- the right side (opposite lane side) is inclined downward to form the inclined portion 3b-2.
- the right-hand side (opposite lane side) light / dark boundary line is leveled and the left-hand side (sidewalk side) can be illuminated to a high position. Can form light.
- the shape of the projection lens side end 3b of the light distribution member 3 is reversed left and right, and the right side (sidewalk side) toward the front of the vehicle is set to the horizontal plane 3b-1.
- the left side (opposite lane side) is an inclined portion 3b-2.
- the shape of the projection lens side edge 3b of the reflecting surface 3a is projected to the front of the vehicle by the projection lens 2 and irradiated, whereby a light distribution for a passing lamp is formed.
- the light distribution member 3 is disposed near the focal point F of the set of projection lenses 2 (within a predetermined distance).
- the projection lens side end side 3b is arranged.
- an example of arrangement of the focal points F of the set of projection lenses 2 will be described with reference to FIG.
- the distance from the LED 1 side surface of the LED side convex lens 2b to the focal point F of the set of projection lenses 2 is A, and the distance from the focal point F of the set of projection lenses 2 to the projection lens side edge 3b of the light distribution member 3 is B. To do.
- the “near (within a predetermined distance)” indicating the positional relationship between the focal point F of the projection lens 2 and the projection lens side edge 3 b of the light distribution member 3 is the side closer to the projection lens 2 than the focal point F of the projection lens 2.
- the end side 3b is disposed within 1/5 of the distance A (that is, B ⁇ A / 5) on the projection lens 2 side or the LED 1 side.
- the projection lens side edge 3b is arranged within 1/10 of the distance A (that is, B ⁇ A / 10) with respect to the focal point F of the projection lens 2 on the projection lens 2 side or the LED 1 side. It is to be.
- the projection lens side edge 3b is arranged within 1/50 of the distance A (that is, B ⁇ A / 50) with respect to the focal point F of the projection lens 2 on the projection lens 2 side or the LED 1 side. It is to be.
- FIG. 4 shows only the distance B when the projection lens side edge 3b is arranged on the LED 1 side with respect to the focal point F of the projection lens 2, and the projection lens side edge 3b is arranged on the projection lens 2 side. The distance is not shown.
- the installation distance of the projection lens side edge 3b with respect to the focal point F may be determined according to the demand for the light distribution of the irradiation light.
- the projection lens side end 3b of the light distribution member 3 forming the cut-off line for the passing lamp is placed close to the focal point F of the set of projection lenses 2, the cut-off line of the irradiation light is far away in front of the vehicle. While it becomes clear, the cut-off line of the irradiated light is blurred near the vehicle.
- the cut-off line of the irradiated light becomes clear near the front of the vehicle, while The cut-off line of the irradiated light is blurred at a distance.
- the light distribution member 3 may have a shape other than that shown in FIG. 3 as long as the light distribution member 3 has a shape capable of forming a plane serving as the reflection surface 3a on the optical axis side.
- FIG. 5 (a) to FIG. 5 (f) are shown.
- the light distribution member 3-1 in FIG. 5A has a rectangular parallelepiped shape, and a lower rectangular plane is defined as a reflection surface 3a.
- a cut-off line for a passing lamp is formed by the projection lens side edge 3b of the lower reflecting surface 3a.
- the cut-off line formed by the projection lens side edge 3b of the light distribution member 3-1 is a straight line having the same height on the sidewalk side and the opposite lane side.
- the incident surface 3c and the emission surface 3d of the light distribution member 3-1 shown in FIG. 5A are inclined with respect to the plane orthogonal to the optical axis. Shape.
- the entrance surface 3c and the exit surface 3d are inclined toward the projection lens 2 (not shown) as the distance from the optical axis increases.
- the light emitted from the LED 1 can be refracted by the incident surface 3c and the output surface 3d and guided to the optical axis side.
- the linear portion 1b of the light emitting surface 1a of the LED 1 can be arranged away from the optical axis.
- the light distribution member 3-3 in FIG. 5C has the right side (opposite lane side) end of the reflection surface 3a of the light distribution member 3-2 shown in FIG. In the same manner as in FIG. 3, the inclined portion 3b-2 is formed by inclining downward.
- a light distribution member 3-4 in FIG. 5 (d) is obtained by making the emission surface 3d of the light distribution member 3-1 shown in FIG. 5 (a) into a curved surface and the projection lens side end 3b in an arc shape. is there.
- the same circle A light distribution member 3-4 having an arcuate projection lens side edge 3b is used.
- a wide range of cut-off lines in the horizontal direction from the center of the vehicle can be sharpened to form upper and lower light and dark portions.
- the light distribution member 3-5 shown in FIG. 5 (e) has the incident surface 3c and the emission surface 3d of the light distribution member 3-4 shown in FIG. 5 (d) arranged on the optical axis as in FIG. 5 (b).
- the shape is inclined with respect to the orthogonal plane.
- the light distribution member 3-6 in FIG. 5 (f) has the right side (opposite lane side) end of the reflection surface 3a of the light distribution member 3-5 shown in FIG.
- the inclined portion 3b-2 is formed by inclining downward.
- both the incident surface 3c and the exit surface 3d are inclined toward the projection lens 2, but either one of them is inclined. It may be inclined only.
- FIG. 6 shows a configuration example of an optical system using the light distribution member 3-3 in FIG. Since the light distribution member 3-3 refracts the light emitted from the LED 1 and guides it to the optical axis side, the linear portion 1b of the light emitting surface 1a of the LED 1 can be arranged away from the optical axis.
- the inclination angle ⁇ of the light distribution member 3-3 is increased or the thickness t of the light distribution member 3-3 is increased.
- the light emitted from the LED 1 is largely refracted toward the optical axis, and the apparent straight portion 1b of the LED 1 is brought close to the optical axis.
- the heat radiation and fixing member 4 is provided with heat radiation fins 4 a for radiating the heat generated by the LED 1.
- the heat dissipating fins 4a may be exposed outside the case 5 to improve heat dissipation.
- the irradiation side convex lens 2a, the LED side convex lens 2b, and the light distribution member 3-3 are made of the same material (for example, acrylic resin), and the LED side convex lens 2b and the light distribution member 3-3 are formed. Are molded together. If the LED side convex lens 2b and the light distribution member 3-3 are molded integrally, they are fixed to each other. In addition, since the LED-side convex lens 2b and the light distribution member 3-3 can be manufactured in the same process using the same material, a member with high mutual positional accuracy and low cost can be realized.
- the configuration in which the incident surface 3c and the exit surface 3d of the light distribution member 3-3 are inclined is convenient for securing a draft angle of a mold for integrally molding the LED side convex lens 2b and the light distribution member 3-3. It is.
- FIG. 7 shows an example of a convex lens that can be used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a or the LED side convex lens 2b.
- the convex lens shown in the trihedral view of FIG. 7A is a standard convex lens having one convex surface and the other flat surface.
- this convex lens as the irradiation-side convex lens 2a or the LED-side convex lens 2b
- the vertical refraction of the convex lens generates the upper and lower brightness of the cut-off line
- the left-right refraction of the convex lens shifts the irradiation light of the headlamp.
- an oblique cut-off line formed by the inclined portion 3b-2 is generated.
- the standard convex lens in FIG. 7A is particularly suitable for use as the LED-side convex lens 2b in order to concentrate the light emitted from the LED 1 at the center (optical axis side).
- the convex lens of FIG. 7B deletes the portions C1 and C2 (that is, a part below the optical axis) where the light does not reach as described in FIG. 6 from the standard convex lens shown in FIG. 7A.
- the lower side D2 of the optical axis is smaller than the upper side D1.
- the convex lens can be used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a-1 and the LED side convex lens 2b-1, as shown in FIG. Thereby, a vehicle-mounted headlamp can be reduced in size in the up-down direction.
- the upper and lower and left and right refractive amounts of the convex lens used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a or the LED side convex lens 2b are not necessarily equal as shown in FIG.
- an elliptical convex lens having a curvature in the vertical direction larger than the curvature in the horizontal direction is used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a-2.
- FIG. 7 (c) shows an elliptical convex lens
- this elliptical shape is shown to explain that the curvature of the lens surface in the vertical direction is different from the curvature in the horizontal direction, and FIG. If there is a lens surface with different vertical and horizontal curvatures, there is no need to stick to the outer shape.
- the standard convex lens in FIG. 7A there is no problem even if the outer shape is, for example, a quadrangle, and it does not have to be a circle.
- the elliptical convex lens in FIG. 7C and the semi-cylindrical convex lens in FIG. 7D have the short direction curved in an arc shape, but the long direction is curved in an arc shape. It may be a different shape. Furthermore, it is also possible to form small irregularities on the surface and blur the irradiation light.
- the convex lens includes a spherical surface type and an aspheric type convex surface, and either type of convex lens can be used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a and the LED side convex lens 2b.
- a convex lens there is a type in which both front and back surfaces are convex, one is convex and the other is flat (for example, FIG. 7A), one is convex and the other is concave. It can be used as the convex lens 2a and the LED side convex lens 2b.
- a Fresnel lens can also be used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a or the LED side convex lens 2b.
- FIG. 9 shows a configuration example of an optical system using a Fresnel lens as the LED side convex lens 2b-4.
- this Fresnel lens When this Fresnel lens is used as the irradiation side convex lens 2a, the concentric ring of the Fresnel lens can be seen through the front lens 6 when the in-vehicle headlamp is viewed from the front, and the design may not match. However, when the LED side convex lens 2b-4 is used, the ring does not show through the front lens 6, so that the appearance design of the vehicle is not affected.
- the in-vehicle headlamp has one end side of the light emitting surface 1a formed as the straight portion 1b and is disposed on the optical axis side, and the center of the light emitting surface 1a from the optical axis.
- a transparent material that is disposed between the LED 1 that is shifted, the irradiation-side convex lens 2a and the LED-side convex lens 2b that are arranged side by side in the optical axis direction and constitute the projection lens 2, and the LED 1 and the projection lens 2.
- the light distribution member 3 is formed and has a reflection surface 3a for reflecting light emitted from the LED 1 on its inner surface, and forms a cutoff line at the projection lens side end 3b of the reflection surface 3a.
- the projection lens 2 includes the irradiation-side convex lens 2a and the LED-side convex lens 2b, so that the focal length is shortened, and the projection lens 2 and the LED 1 can be disposed close to each other. Even if a convex lens having a small aperture diameter is used, the light emitted from the LED 1 can be efficiently incident on the projection lens 2. Therefore, it is possible to realize a vehicle headlamp that is small and can emit sufficient brightness.
- the low power LED 1 can be used and the heat dissipation member of the heat radiation and fixing member 4 can be reduced in size due to low power consumption, it leads to a reduction in the size of the vehicle headlamp. Further, by forming the light distribution member 3 using a transparent material and using the inner surface thereof as the reflecting surface 3a, the mirror surface treatment as described in Patent Document 3 described above becomes unnecessary, and it is inexpensive with a simple configuration. Car headlights can be realized.
- the focal point F of the set of projection lens 2 formed by the irradiation side convex lens 2a and the LED side convex lens 2b is disposed within a predetermined distance from the projection lens side end 3b of the light distribution member 3.
- the light distribution members 3-2, 3-3, 3-5 and 3-6 are directed toward the LED 1 side where the light emitted from the LED 1 is incident.
- the incident surface 3c and the exit surface 3d facing the projection lens 2 that emits the incident light to the projection lens 2, and one or both of the entrance surface 3c and the exit surface 3d are The structure is inclined with respect to the plane orthogonal to the optical axis. More specifically, at least the incident surface 3d is inclined toward the projection lens 2 as the distance from the optical axis increases.
- the light emitted from the LED 1 disposed at a position away from the optical axis can be refracted on one or both of the incident surface 3c and the emitting surface 3d and guided to the optical axis side. Therefore, the light emitting direction in which the LED 1 emits light brightly can be directed in the vicinity immediately below the cut-off line, and an in-vehicle headlamp that emits bright passing lamp irradiation light immediately below the cut-off line can be realized.
- the light distribution member 3-3 is fixed to the LED side convex lens 2b. Further, the light distribution member 3-3 and the LED side convex lens 2b are formed using the same type of resin. For this reason, the LED-side convex lens 2b and the light distribution member 3-3 can be manufactured by using the same material in the same process, and a member with high mutual positional accuracy and low cost can be realized. Not only the light distribution member 3-3 but also other shape light distribution members can be fixed to the LED-side convex lens 2b in the same manner.
- the part C1 where the light emitted from the LED 1 does not reach either or both of the irradiation side convex lens 2a-1 and the LED side convex lens 2b-1.
- C2 (FIG. 6) was deleted, and the upper and lower sizes of the optical axis were different. For this reason, a small in-vehicle headlamp can be realized.
- either one of the irradiation side convex lenses 2a-2, 2a-3 and the LED side convex lenses 2b-2, 2b-3, or both lens surfaces are The vertical curvature and the horizontal curvature are different.
- a vehicle-mounted headlamp with a more preferable light distribution can be realized.
- an aspherical lens may be used for either one or both of the irradiation side convex lens 2a and the LED side convex lens 2b.
- an in-vehicle headlamp with an appropriate light distribution can be realized.
- a Fresnel lens may be used for either one or both of the irradiation side convex lens 2a and the LED side convex lens 2b.
- a convex lens can be reduced in thickness and weight, and a component unit price can be reduced.
- the light distribution members 3, 3-3, 3-6 are connected to the traveling lane on the projection lens side end 3b of the reflecting surface 3a.
- the side was configured to be inclined downward. For this reason, the light emitted in front of the vehicle illuminates the driver driving the oncoming vehicle while illuminating the sidewalk side to a high position, and does not dazzle the driver (not illuminating the driver's eyes).
- a headlamp can be realized.
- FIG. FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating a configuration example of an optical system of the in-vehicle headlamp according to the second embodiment.
- the low-light LED 1 is disposed on the upper side of the optical axis
- the second LED 11 for upper irradiation is disposed on the lower side of the optical axis. More specifically, the lower linear portion 1b of the light emitting surface 1a of the low-light LED 1 is arranged at a distance d from the optical axis, and the upper linear portion 11b of the upper emitting LED 11 is irradiated with light. Aligned with the axis.
- LEDs 1, 11, irradiation side convex lens 2 a, LED side convex lens 2 b, and light distribution member 3-3 are fixed to the heat radiation and fixing member 4 shown in FIG. 1 and accommodated inside the case 5 and the front lens 6.
- Car headlights In FIG. 10, the same or corresponding parts as in FIGS. 1 to 9 are denoted by the same reference numerals and description thereof is omitted.
- FIG. 11 shows the state of the illuminating light for traveling light that is radiated to the front of the vehicle when the low-light LED 1 and the upper-illuminating LED 11 are turned on at the same time. Is expressed thinly.
- Light distribution for running lights by illuminating the lower part of the cut-off line with the LED 1 for the passing lamp arranged above the optical axis and illuminating the upper part of the cut-off line with the LED 11 for upper irradiation arranged on the lower side of the optical axis Can be formed. If the LED 11 for upper irradiation is turned off and only the LED 1 is turned on, it can be switched to the passing lamp shown in FIG.
- the separation interval d is such that there are electrodes for connection on the end sides of these LEDs 1 and 11 and the light emission surface 1a of the LED 1 and the light emission of the LED 11 Since the surface 11a cannot be connected, the gap is unavoidably provided. Even if there is a separation distance d, the light emitted from the LED 1 can be reduced by using the light distribution members 3-1, 3-3, 3-5, 3-6 of FIG. 5 as described in the first embodiment. Since it can be refracted and guided to the optical axis side, it is equivalent to optically canceling the separation distance d and arranging the linear portion 1b on the optical axis. Therefore, preferable irradiation light can be obtained without generating a dark portion corresponding to the separation distance d of the LEDs 1 and 11 in the irradiation light for the traveling lamp.
- the light distribution member 3-3 is disposed on the upper side of the optical axis, but may be disposed on the lower side of the optical axis.
- FIG. 12 shows a modification of the optical system.
- the lower straight portion 1 b of the light emitting surface 1 a of the LED 1 for passing lamp is arranged to be aligned with the optical axis, and the upper straight portion 11 b of the light emitting surface 11 a of the upper irradiation LED 11 is spaced from the optical axis. They are separated by d.
- a light distribution member 3-7 having a shape inclined toward the projection lens 2 as it moves away from the optical axis is disposed below the optical axis, so that the separation distance d is optically offset, and the upper illumination LED 11
- the straight line portion 11b is equivalently arranged on the optical axis.
- the configuration shown in FIGS. 10 and 12 may be selected according to the demand for the light distribution of the irradiation light.
- the in-vehicle headlamp is a cut-off line by installing the second upper irradiation LED 11 different from the low-light LED 1 on the opposite side across the optical axis. It was configured to illuminate the upper side. For this reason, it is possible to emit a light distribution for a passing lamp by lighting only the LED 1, and to emit a light distribution for a traveling lamp by simultaneously lighting both the upper and lower LEDs 1 and 11, and it is possible to switch the lighting between the passing lamp and the traveling lamp.
- An in-vehicle headlamp (which can be used as both a passing light and a traveling light) can be realized.
- the in-vehicle headlamp according to the present invention efficiently projects the light emitted from the LED to the front of the vehicle using the two convex lenses and the transparent light distribution member forming the cut-off line. Therefore, it is suitable for use as a headlight for a passing light.
- Light distribution member 3a reflecting surface, 3b projection lens side edge, 3b-1 horizontal portion, 3b-2 inclined portion, 3c entrance surface, 3d exit surface, 4 heat dissipation and fixing member, 4a heat dissipation fin 5, Case, 6 Front lens.
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Abstract
Description
従来のタングステンフィラメントを光源とする構成においては、四方に光を放つ長さ4mmほどのフィラメントの両端には導線が接続され、その上、当フィラメントの外郭にはガラス球が存在するために、光を発する部分の形状、あるいは、光を放射する方向を任意に加工することができない。
ただし、投影レンズに入射しない光を、当投影レンズを迂回して車両の前方に導く構成であり、投影レンズの開口部より大きな補助レンズを使用するために、灯具の開口部が大きくなり、小形の前照灯あるいは光学部材としては適さない。
また例えば、特許文献2の図5および図6等には、投影レンズ(20)と光源ユニット(30)の間に、内側が反射面(31a)となる筒状の導光部材(32)を備え、光源ユニット(30)に最も近いレンズ(21)のレンズ面(S1)を光を散乱させる形状にして、当導光部材(32)の出射口(31c)と、光を散乱させるレンズ面(S1)と、投影レンズ(20)の後方焦点を同一位置に一致させる構成が記載されている。
以上、括弧内の符号は特許文献2のものを援用した。
実施の形態1.
図1に示すように、本実施の形態1に係る車載用前照灯は、すれ違い灯用プロジェクタ式前照灯の一例であり、発光面1aの一端辺が直線状になった直線部1bを光軸側に配置し、当発光面1aの中心を光軸からずらして設置したすれ違い灯用のLED1と、光軸方向に並べて配置された照射側凸レンズ2aとLED側凸レンズ2bで構成される投影レンズ2と、LED1と投影レンズ2の間に配置され、透明な材料を用いて形成され、その内面にLED1の発する光を反射する反射面3aを有し、当反射面3aの投影レンズ側端辺3bが光軸上に配置された配光部材3と、LED1のヒートシンクおよびLED1と投影レンズ2と配光部材3の固定部材を兼用する放熱兼固定部材4と、これらを収容するケース5と、前面レンズ6とを備える。
そのため、投影レンズ2として開口径の小さなレンズを使用しても、広範囲に発するLED1の光の漏洩を減らして、投影レンズ2に効率よく入射させることができる。
すれ違い灯用の配光には、対向車の運転者を照らさないために、照射光の上側に暗部を設けることが必須であり、上側を暗く、下側(路面側)を明るくする必要がある。照射光の上側暗部と下側明部の境界線がカットオフラインである。
また、カットオフラインの直下、即ち車両の遠方を照らす部位を明るくする必要もある。
LED1の発光面1aの端辺を直線状にするために、発光面1aが長方形状のLEDを使用してもよいし、一辺が直線状になるように複数のLEDを並べて使用しても構わない。さらに、LED1として、レーザLED、有機LED等の半導体光源を使用しても構わない。
配光部材3は、透明な樹脂またはガラス等によって形成され、配光部材3の光軸側には平面状の反射面3aを形成し、当反射面3aの投影レンズ側端辺3bを光軸上に配置する。LED1の発する光が入射する入射面3cと、入射した光をLED側凸レンズ2bへ出射する出射面3dは、光軸に直交する。この構成において、LED1から下方へ発する光のうち、配光部材3の内部の反射面3aに浅い角度で入射する光L3は、全反射される。つまり、配光部材3に鏡面加工を施すことなく、好適な反射面3aを構成することができる。
当然のことながら、右側通行用の前照灯においては、配光部材3の投影レンズ側端辺3bの形状を左右反転させ、車両の前方に向かって右側(歩道側)を水平面3b-1、同左側(対向車線側)を傾斜部3b-2にする。
ここで、図4を参照しながら、一式の投影レンズ2の焦点Fの配置例を説明する。LED側凸レンズ2bのLED1側の面から一式の投影レンズ2の焦点Fまでの距離をA、一式の投影レンズ2の焦点Fから配光部材3の投影レンズ側端辺3bまでの距離をBとする。
また、好ましくは、投影レンズ2の焦点Fに対して、投影レンズ側端辺3bを、投影レンズ2側あるいはLED1側に、距離Aの1/10以内(即ち、B≦A/10)に配置することである。
さらに、好ましくは、投影レンズ2の焦点Fに対して、投影レンズ側端辺3bを、投影レンズ2側あるいはLED1側に、距離Aの1/50以内(即ち、B≦A/50)に配置することである。
ただし、図4では投影レンズ2の焦点Fに対して、投影レンズ側端辺3bをLED1側に配置する場合の距離Bのみ示し、投影レンズ側端辺3bを投影レンズ2側に配置する場合の距離は図示していない。
図5(a)の配光部材3-1は、直方体状であって、下部の長方形平面を反射面3aとする。下部の反射面3aの投影レンズ側端辺3bによって、すれ違い灯用のカットオフラインを形成する。当配光部材3-1の投影レンズ側端辺3bにより形成されるカットオフラインは、歩道側と対向車線側で同じ高さの直線状になる。
換言すれば、LED1の発光面1aの直線部1bを光軸から離して配置することができる。
当LED1の直線部1bと光軸の離間間隔dを大きく取る必要があるときは、配光部材3-3の傾斜角度θを大きくするか、配光部材3-3の厚さtを厚くして、LED1が発する光を光軸側に大きく屈折させて、見かけ上のLED1の直線部1bを光軸に近付ける。
LED側凸レンズ2bと配光部材3-3を一体にして成型すれば、両者は互いに固定される。また、LED側凸レンズ2bと配光部材3-3を、同じ材料を用いて同一工程で作製できるため、相互の位置精度が高く、かつ、低コストの部材が実現できる。さらに、配光部材3-3の入射面3cと出射面3dを傾斜させる構成は、LED側凸レンズ2bと配光部材3-3を一体に成型する金型の抜き勾配を確保するのにも好都合である。
なお、図7(a)の標準的な凸レンズは、LED1の発した光を中央(光軸側)に集中させるために、特に、LED側凸レンズ2bとして使用するのに適している。
レンズ面の曲率が大きければ、通過光が当レンズ面で大きく屈折して、焦点距離の短い凸レンズが形成される。逆に、レンズ面の曲率が小さければ、通過光の屈折量が小さいため、焦点距離の長い凸レンズが形成される。
同様に、図7(a)の標準的な凸レンズについても、外形が例えば四角形でも問題はなく、円形である必要はない。
図9に、LED側凸レンズ2b-4としてフレネルレンズを使用した光学系の構成例を示す。LED側凸レンズ2b-4をフレネルレンズにすることで、凸レンズの中央の厚肉部を薄くすることができ、軽量化および部品単価を下げることができる。
当フレネルレンズを照射側凸レンズ2aとして使用した場合には、車載用前照灯を正面から見たときに当フレネルレンズの同心円状のリングが前面レンズ6から透けて見えてデザイン的にそぐわないこともあるが、LED側凸レンズ2b-4として使用した場合には当リングが前面レンズ6から透けて見えないため、車両外観デザインに影響を及ぼすことはない。
このように、投影レンズ2を照射側凸レンズ2aとLED側凸レンズ2bで構成することで焦点距離が短くなり、投影レンズ2とLED1を接近させて配置することができるようになり、投影レンズ2に開口径の小さな凸レンズを使用してもLED1の発する光を効率よく投影レンズ2へ入射させることができる。従って、小形ながら充分な明るさを発することのできる車載用前照灯を実現できる。さらには、低電力のLED1を使用することができ、消費電力が少ないことで放熱兼固定部材4の放熱部材を小形にできるので、車載用前照灯の小形化につながる。
また、配光部材3を透明な材料を用いて形成し、その内面を反射面3aとして使用することで、先立って説明した特許文献3のような鏡面処理が不要となり、簡素な構成で安価な車載用前照灯を実現できる。
このため、光軸から離れた位置に配置されたLED1が発する光を、入射面3cおよび出射面3dのいずれか一方、または双方の面で屈折させて光軸側に導くことができる。よって、カットオフラインの直下近傍に、LED1が光りを明るく発する発光方向を向けることができ、当カットオフラインの直下が明るいすれ違い灯用照射光を発する車載用前照灯が実現できる。
なお、配光部材3-3に限らず、他の形状の配光部材についても同様にLED側凸レンズ2bに固定可能である。
図10は、本実施の形態2に係る車載用前照灯の光学系の構成例を示す図である。本実施の形態2では、光軸の上側にすれ違い灯用のLED1を配置すると共に、当光軸の下側に上部照射用の第2のLED11を配置する。より詳しくは、すれ違い灯用のLED1の発光面1aの下側の直線部1bを光軸から離間間隔dだけ離して配置し、上部照射用のLED11の発光面11aの上側の直線部11bを光軸に揃えて配置している。
これらLED1,11、照射側凸レンズ2a、LED側凸レンズ2b、および配光部材3-3は、図1に示した放熱兼固定部材4に固定され、ケース5および前面レンズ6の内部に収容されて車載用前照灯を成す。
なお、図10において、図1~図9と同一または相当の部分については同一の符号を付し説明を省略する。
光軸の上側に配置したすれ違い灯用のLED1によってカットオフラインの下部を照らし、光軸の下側に配置した上部照射用のLED11によって当カットオフラインの上部を照らすことで、走行灯用の配光を形成できる。上部照射用のLED11を消灯し、LED1のみ点灯すれば図2に示したすれ違い灯に切り換えることができる。
ここで、図12に光学系の変形例を示す。図12では、すれ違い灯用のLED1の発光面1aの下側の直線部1bを光軸に揃えて配置し、上部照射用のLED11の発光面11aの上側の直線部11bを光軸から離間間隔dだけ離して配置している。そして、光軸の下側に、光軸から離れるにつれて投影レンズ2側に傾斜した形状の配光部材3-7を配置して、離間間隔dを光学的に相殺し、上部照射用のLED11の直線部11bを等価的に光軸上に配置する。これにより、すれ違い灯用のLED1と上部照射用のLED11を同時に点灯した際、走行灯用の照射光に離間間隔dに対応する暗部が発生することなく、好ましい照射光を得ることができる。なお、配光部材3-7の反射面3aの内部側は上部照射用のLED11が発する光を反射する一方、反射面3aの外部側はすれ違い灯用のLED1が発する光を反射する。
Claims (12)
- 光源の発する光を投影レンズによって車両の前方に照射するプロジェクタ式の車載用前照灯であって、
発光面の1端辺が直線状に形成されて光軸側に配置され、当発光面の中心を前記光軸からずらして配置された、前記光源を構成するLED(Light Emitting Diode)と、
前記光軸方向に並べて配置され、前記投影レンズを構成する2枚の凸レンズと、
前記LEDと前記投影レンズの間に配置され、透明な材料を用いて形成され、その内面に前記LEDの発する光を反射する反射面を有し、当反射面の前記投影レンズ側の端辺でカットオフラインを形成する配光部材とを備えることを特徴とする車載用前照灯。 - 前記2枚の凸レンズが形成する一式の前記投影レンズの前記LED側の焦点は、前記配光部材の前記投影レンズ側の端辺から所定距離内に位置することを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記配光部材は、
前記LEDの発する光を入射する、前記LED側を向いた入射面と、
当入射した光を前記投影レンズに出射する、前記投影レンズ側を向いた出射面とを有し、
前記入射面および前記出射面のいずれか一方、または双方の面は、前記光軸に直交する面に対して傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。 - 前記配光部材の前記入射面は、前記光軸から離れるにつれて前記投影レンズ側へ傾斜していることを特徴とする請求項3記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記配光部材は、前記投影レンズを構成する前記2枚の凸レンズのうち、前記LED側の凸レンズに固定されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記投影レンズを構成する前記2枚の凸レンズのいずれか一方、または双方は、前記光軸の上側と下側の大きさが異なることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記投影レンズを構成する前記2枚の凸レンズのいずれか一方、または双方のレンズ面は、上下方向の曲率と左右方向の曲率が異なることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記LEDとは異なる第2のLEDが、前記光軸を挟んだ反対側に設置されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記投影レンズを構成する前記2枚の凸レンズのいずれか一方、または双方は、非球面レンズであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記投影レンズを構成する前記2枚の凸レンズのいずれか一方、または双方は、フレネルレンズであることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記配光部材は、前記反射面の前記投影レンズ側の端辺のうちの走行車線側が下方に傾斜した形状であることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
- 前記投影レンズと前記配光部材は、同じ種類の樹脂を用いて形成されていることを特徴とする請求項1記載の車載用前照灯。
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| PCT/JP2013/075023 WO2015040671A1 (ja) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-09-17 | 車載用前照灯 |
| US14/901,643 US9587795B2 (en) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-09-17 | Headlight for in-vehicle use |
| JP2015537444A JP5837269B2 (ja) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-09-17 | 車載用前照灯 |
| DE112013007443.5T DE112013007443B4 (de) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-09-17 | Scheinwerfer zur Verwendung in einem Fahrzeug |
| CN201380079631.0A CN105556200B (zh) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-09-17 | 车载用前照灯 |
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| PCT/JP2013/075023 WO2015040671A1 (ja) | 2013-09-17 | 2013-09-17 | 車載用前照灯 |
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Cited By (27)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2016190165A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-22 | 2016-12-01 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 前照灯モジュール及び前照灯装置 |
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| JP6114485B1 (ja) * | 2015-05-22 | 2017-04-12 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 前照灯モジュール及び前照灯装置 |
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| JP2017033798A (ja) * | 2015-08-03 | 2017-02-09 | スタンレー電気株式会社 | 灯具 |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE112013007443B4 (de) | 2018-08-16 |
| US9587795B2 (en) | 2017-03-07 |
| JP5837269B2 (ja) | 2015-12-24 |
| US20160146417A1 (en) | 2016-05-26 |
| CN105556200A (zh) | 2016-05-04 |
| DE112013007443T5 (de) | 2016-06-09 |
| JPWO2015040671A1 (ja) | 2017-03-02 |
| CN105556200B (zh) | 2016-12-21 |
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