WO2014208520A1 - 薄膜トランジスタおよびその製造方法 - Google Patents
薄膜トランジスタおよびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a thin film transistor used in a display device such as a liquid crystal display or an organic EL display, and a method for manufacturing the same.
- the thin film transistor may be referred to as “TFT”.
- Amorphous (amorphous) oxide semiconductors have higher carrier mobility than general-purpose amorphous silicon (a-Si), a large optical band gap, and can be deposited at low temperatures, resulting in large size, high resolution, and high speed. It is expected to be applied to next-generation displays that require driving and resin substrates with low heat resistance.
- the carrier mobility is also called “field effect mobility”. Hereinafter, the carrier mobility may be simply referred to as “mobility”.
- an amorphous oxide semiconductor composed of indium, gallium, zinc, and oxygen and an amorphous oxide semiconductor composed of indium, zinc, tin, and oxygen are used because of high mobility.
- the amorphous oxide semiconductor composed of indium, gallium, zinc, and oxygen may be referred to as “In—Ga—Zn—O” or “IGZO”.
- the bottom gate TFT using the oxide semiconductor has an etch stop type having an etch stopper layer 9 shown in FIG. 1A and a back channel etch type having no etch stopper layer shown in FIG. 1B.
- etch stop type is referred to as an “ESL (Etch Stop Layer) type”
- BCE Back Channel Etch
- the BCE type TFT having no etch stopper layer shown in FIG. 2 having two layers of the protective film 6 shown in FIG. 1B and FIG. 1B does not require an etch stopper layer forming step in the manufacturing process, and thus has excellent productivity. Yes.
- this BCE type TFT has the following problems. That is, a thin film for a source / drain electrode is formed on an oxide semiconductor layer, and when this thin film for a source / drain electrode is patterned, an acid-based etching solution containing, for example, phosphoric acid, nitric acid, acetic acid, etc. Used. A portion of the oxide semiconductor layer exposed to the acid-based etching solution may have a problem that the surface thereof is scraped or damaged, resulting in degradation of TFT characteristics.
- the above-described oxide semiconductor made of IGZO is highly soluble in an inorganic acid-based etching solution used as a wet etching solution when forming the source / drain electrodes, and is etched very easily by the inorganic acid-based etching solution. For this reason, there are problems that the IGZO film disappears, making it difficult to manufacture TFTs, and that TFT characteristics deteriorate.
- etching with an acid-based etchant may be referred to as “acid etching” or “wet etching”.
- patent documents 1 to 3 have been proposed as techniques for suppressing damage to the oxide semiconductor layer in the BCE TFT. These techniques suppress damage to the oxide semiconductor layer by forming a sacrificial layer or a recessed portion between the oxide semiconductor layer and the source / drain electrodes. However, it is necessary to increase the number of steps in order to form the sacrificial layer or the recessed portion.
- Non-Patent Document 1 shows that the damaged layer on the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer is removed, but it is difficult to remove the damaged layer uniformly.
- Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2012-146156 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2011-54812 Japanese Unexamined Patent Publication No. 2009-4787
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is a BCE type TFT having no etch stopper layer, which has excellent switching characteristics, in particular, low S while maintaining high field effect mobility.
- the stress resistance is sometimes referred to as “light stress resistance”.
- the thin film transistor of the present invention capable of solving the above problems is a thin film transistor having at least a gate electrode, a gate insulating film, an oxide semiconductor layer, a source / drain electrode, and a protective film of two or more layers on a substrate,
- the oxide semiconductor layer is composed of Sn, one or more elements selected from the group consisting of In, Ga, and Zn; and O, and the two or more protective films are at least the oxide semiconductor
- the first protective film is a SiOx film and has a hydrogen concentration of 3.5 atomic% or less.
- it has characteristics.
- the second protective film is preferably an insulating compound film or a laminated film of a resin film and the insulating compound film.
- the insulating compound film is an oxide or nitride containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Ta, Ce, Ga, Hf, Nb, V, W, Y, and Zr Or a film made of oxynitride.
- the insulating compound film includes an SiNx film and an oxide containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Ta, Ce, Ga, Hf, Nb, V, W, Y, and Zr. It is preferable that it is any one or more films made of a material.
- the specific resistance value of the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably in the range of 2.1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm to 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm.
- the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably formed so that a ratio of Sn to all metal elements contained in the oxide semiconductor layer satisfies 9 atomic% or more and 50 atomic% or less.
- the metal element is an oxide composed of In, Ga, Zn, and Sn, and the ratio of each metal element to the total of In, Ga, Zn, and Sn is In: 15-25 atomic%, Ga: 5 to 20 atomic%, Zn: 40-60 atomic%, and Sn: 9-25 atomic% It is preferable to form a film satisfying the above.
- the thickness of the SiOx film is preferably 30 nm or more.
- one or more of a pure Mo film and a Mo alloy film can be formed.
- the source / drain electrodes include at least one selected from the group consisting of one or more of a pure Mo film and a Mo alloy film, and a pure Al film, a pure Cu film, an Al alloy film, and a Cu alloy film.
- a laminated film with the film can be formed such that one or more of the pure Mo film and the Mo alloy film are directly bonded to the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the thin film transistor manufacturing method of the present invention that has solved the above-described problems is the above-described thin film transistor manufacturing method, wherein the patterning of the source / drain electrodes formed on the oxide semiconductor layer is performed using an acid-based etching solution. Performing an oxidation treatment after forming a SiOx film as the first protective film, and then forming the second protective film on the first protective film. It has the characteristics.
- the oxidation treatment it is preferable to perform heat treatment at a heating temperature of 130 ° C. or higher and 400 ° C. or lower.
- the oxide semiconductor layer exposed to the acid-based etching solution used at the time of forming the source / drain electrodes contains Sn, so that the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer is uniform. TFT can be obtained.
- a Mo-based film that is, a source film including one or more of a pure Mo film and a Mo alloy film
- patterning of the source / drain electrode is performed using an acid-based etching solution. Even so, the oxidation of the ends of the source and drain electrodes made of the Mo-based film is suppressed, and the surface condition of the oxide semiconductor layer is excellent while suppressing deterioration of static characteristics, particularly switching characteristics, and more particularly S value.
- a BCE type TFT excellent in light stress resistance can be provided.
- the source / drain electrodes can be formed by wet etching, a display device with high characteristics can be obtained easily and at low cost.
- the TFT obtained by the manufacturing method of the present invention does not have an etch stopper layer as described above, the number of mask forming steps in the TFT manufacturing step is small, and the cost can be sufficiently reduced.
- the BCE type TFT does not have an overlap portion between the etch stopper layer and the source / drain electrodes, so that the TFT can be made smaller than the ESL type TFT.
- FIG. 1A is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a conventional ESL thin film transistor.
- FIG. 1B is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining the BCE type thin film transistor of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a schematic cross-sectional view for explaining a thin film transistor according to the present invention.
- FIG. 3A is an FE-SEM (Field-Emission-Scanning-Electron-Microscope) observation photograph of a TFT in which the oxide semiconductor layer contains Sn.
- FIG. 3B is an enlarged photograph of the dotted frame in FIG. 3A.
- FIG. 4A is an FE-SEM observation photograph of a TFT in which the oxide semiconductor layer does not contain Sn.
- FIG. 4B is an enlarged photograph of the broken line frame in FIG.
- FIG. 5 is an explanatory view showing a part of a conventional TFT manufacturing process.
- FIG. 6 is an explanatory view showing a part of another conventional TFT manufacturing process.
- FIG. 7 is an explanatory view showing a part of the TFT manufacturing process of the present invention.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram schematically showing a part of a cross section in the stacking direction of the TFT, and is a diagram showing an oxide semiconductor layer portion immediately below the oxidized end portion of the Mo-based film as an electrode by a broken line frame.
- FIG. 9A shows the result of calculation of the current path using the simulation when the conduction band bottom level is arranged below the edge of the source / drain electrode.
- FIG. 9A shows the result of calculation of the current path using the simulation when the conduction band bottom level is arranged below the edge of the source / drain electrode.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram illustrating an increase in the S value in the Id-Vg characteristic when the simulation of FIG. 9A is performed.
- FIG. 10 is a diagram illustrating the influence of wet etching or oxidation treatment on XPS (X-rayraphotoelectron spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) on the surface of an oxide semiconductor layer.
- FIG. 11A shows No. 1 in Table 1.
- 2 is an FE-SEM (Field-Emission-Scanning-Electron-Microscope) observation photograph of TFT 2; 11B shows No. 1 in Table 1.
- 7 is an FE-SEM observation photograph of No. 7 TFT. 12 shows No. 1 in Table 1.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of TFT No. 5.
- FIG. 13 shows No. 1 in Table 1.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram showing Id-Vg characteristics of 6 TFTs.
- FIG. It is a figure which shows the Id-Vg characteristic of 25 TFT.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the heating temperature, the S value, and the specific resistance value of the heat treatment in the example.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the heating temperature, ⁇ V th , and specific resistance value of the heat treatment in the example.
- FIG. 17 is a diagram illustrating a hydrogen secondary ion relative intensity analysis result in the depth direction from the second protective film to the gate insulating film in the example.
- the inventors of the present invention have intensively studied in order to solve the above-mentioned problems in the BCE type TFT.
- the oxide semiconductor layer that is exposed to the acid-based etchant during the formation of the source / drain electrodes includes Sn; and
- an SiOx film is formed as a first protective film, and then an oxidation treatment is performed to perform the first protective film, that is, the SiOx film.
- the concentration of hydrogen is 3.5 atomic% or less, and then an insulating compound film or a laminated film of a resin film and an insulating compound film is formed as the second protective film;
- the oxide semiconductor layer in the TFT of the present invention is characterized in that it contains Sn as an essential component.
- Sn an essential component.
- the metal element is an oxide including In, Ga, Zn, and Sn, and the metal element other than Sn with respect to the total of In, Ga, Zn, and Sn
- a TFT having an oxide semiconductor layer satisfying the recommended range described later was manufactured.
- the patterning of the source / drain electrodes during the production process was performed using a PAN-based acid-based etching solution as shown in Examples described later. In this evaluation, only the influence of the presence or absence of Sn on the resistance is confirmed, so that the oxidation treatment described later is not performed.
- the protective film was also a single layer.
- FIGS. 3A and 3B for TFTs having an oxide semiconductor layer containing Sn
- FIGS. 4A and 4B for TFTs having an oxide semiconductor layer not containing Sn.
- the TFT used in this evaluation is formed on the Si substrate 12 with the oxide semiconductor layer 4, the source / drain electrode 5, the carbon vapor deposition film 13, and the protective film. It has the structure laminated in order of 6.
- the carbon vapor deposition film 13 is a protective film provided for observation with an electron microscope, and does not constitute the TFT of the present invention.
- the film thickness reduction of the oxide semiconductor layer 4 due to the overetching does not occur.
- the difference between the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer 4 immediately below the ends of the source / drain electrodes 5 and the thickness of the central portion of the oxide semiconductor layer 4 obtained from the following formula (1) is 0%. It was. Therefore, a TFT with a uniform in-plane of the oxide semiconductor layer 4 could be manufactured.
- the central portion of the oxide semiconductor layer is an intermediate point of the shortest line connecting the end of the source electrode and the end of the drain electrode, and indicates a portion exposed to the acid-based etching solution.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 when the oxide semiconductor layer 4 does not contain Sn, the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is thinned by the over-etching. That is, the difference between the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer 4 immediately below the end of the source / drain electrode 5 and the thickness of the central portion of the oxide semiconductor layer 4 obtained from the above formula (1) was more than 50%. .
- the Sn content in the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably 9 atomic% or more.
- the amount of Sn is more preferably 15 atomic% or more, still more preferably 19 atomic% or more.
- the amount of Sn refers to a ratio with respect to all metal elements contained in the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the oxide semiconductor layer is made of an oxide composed of metal elements: In, Ga, Zn, and Sn, the amount of Sn is obtained from 100 ⁇ Sn / (In + Ga + Zn + Sn).
- the Sn content is preferably 50 atomic% or less, more preferably 30 atomic% or less, still more preferably 28 atomic% or less, and still more preferably 25 atomic% or less.
- the oxide semiconductor layer is exposed to an acid-based etching solution.
- the oxide semiconductor layer contains Sn, so that the oxide semiconductor layer is etched. It can be suppressed. More specifically, the etching rate of the oxide semiconductor layer by the acid-based etching solution is suppressed to 1 kg / sec or less.
- the difference between the film thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer immediately below the source / drain electrode ends obtained from the above formula (1) and the film thickness of the central part of the oxide semiconductor layer is 5% or less. It can be suppressed.
- the difference in film thickness is greater than 5% and etching is not performed uniformly, a film thickness distribution occurs in the same plane of the oxide semiconductor layer. Such an in-plane film thickness distribution tends to cause deterioration of S value and light stress resistance.
- the difference in film thickness is preferably 3% or less, and most preferably no difference, that is, 0%.
- the amount of film reduction obtained from the film thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer immediately below the ends of the source / drain electrodes ⁇ the film thickness of the central portion of the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably 10 nm or less, more preferably 5 nm. It is as follows.
- the oxide semiconductor layer contains one or more elements selected from the group consisting of In, Ga, and Zn in addition to Sn as a metal element.
- the metal element is an oxide composed of In, Ga, Zn, and Sn, and the ratio of each metal element to the total of In, Ga, Zn, and Sn satisfies the above range for Sn, and In Ga, Zn should satisfy the following ranges.
- the amount of In is an element effective for reducing the resistance of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the amount of In calculated from 100 ⁇ In / (In + Ga + Zn + Sn) is preferably 15 atomic% or more, more preferably 16 atomic% or more, and further preferably 17 atoms. % Or more.
- the amount of In is preferably 25 atomic percent or less, more preferably 23 atomic percent or less, and even more preferably 20 atomic percent or less.
- Ga is an element that suppresses the occurrence of oxygen deficiency and is effective in improving stress tolerance.
- the Ga amount obtained from 100 ⁇ Ga / (In + Ga + Zn + Sn) is preferably 5 atomic% or more, more preferably 10 atomic% or more, and further preferably 15 atoms. % Or better.
- the Ga content is preferably 20 atomic% or less, more preferably 19 atomic% or less, and still more preferably 18 atomic% or less.
- Zn is an element that affects the wet etching rate and contributes to improving wet etching properties during processing of the oxide semiconductor layer.
- Zn is also an element effective for obtaining a stable amorphous oxide semiconductor layer and ensuring a stable and good switching operation of the TFT.
- the Zn amount obtained from 100 ⁇ Zn / (In + Ga + Zn + Sn) is preferably 40 atomic% or more, more preferably 43 atomic% or more, and further preferably 45 atomic%. It is good to be the above.
- the oxide semiconductor layer may be crystallized, or the content of In, Sn, or the like may be relatively reduced to deteriorate stress resistance. Therefore, the Zn content is preferably 60 atomic% or less, more preferably 50 atomic% or less.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer is not particularly limited.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably 20 nm or more, more preferably 30 nm or more.
- the thickness of the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably 200 nm or less, more preferably 100 nm or less.
- the oxide semiconductor layer particularly includes Sn in order to ensure resistance to the acid-based etching solution used when forming the source / drain electrodes.
- this alone alone does not provide good stress resistance as compared to an ESL TFT having an etch stopper layer.
- the present inventors have found that the deterioration of the stress resistance is performed by patterning the source / drain electrodes, that is, by performing acid-based etching.
- the damage to the system material specifically due to oxygen deficiency, and it was found that the oxidation treatment as described in detail below is very effective in recovering this damage.
- the oxidation treatment when the oxidation treatment is performed, depending on the type of the source / drain electrode, the surface of the electrode or the etched end may be oxidized, resulting in deterioration of the static characteristics of the TFT, particularly an increase in S value. In some cases, it was found that the oxidation is likely to occur particularly when a Mo-based film is used as the source / drain electrode.
- the present invention has found the following. That is, in the manufacturing process of the BCE type TFT, conventionally, after the patterning of the source / drain electrodes as shown in FIG. 5A, the first protection as a protective film (PV, passage) is shown as shown in FIG. In general, an SiOx film as the film 6A and an SiNx film as the second protective film 6B are formed, and then heat treatment is performed. However, in the present invention, after patterning the source / drain electrodes as shown in FIG. 7A, first, as shown in FIG. 7B, first, as a protective film, the SiOx film as the first protective film 6A is formed. It was found that an oxidation treatment (heat treatment in FIG.
- a protective film including an insulating compound film is formed as the second protective film, as shown in FIG. 7C.
- the “protective film including an insulating compound film” may be simply referred to as a “second protective film”.
- the oxidation treatment such as heat treatment is performed after the formation of the SiOx film, so that the oxidation of the end of the source / drain electrode is suppressed.
- the deterioration of the switching characteristics, particularly the deterioration of the S value is suppressed.
- damage recovery of the surface of an oxide semiconductor layer such as an In—Ga—Zn—Sn—O film for example, recovery of oxygen deficiency by an acid-based etchant, particularly recovery of oxygen deficiency, specifically, a solid phase by heat treatment with a SiOx film Oxygen diffusion can occur to improve light stress tolerance.
- the shift amount ( ⁇ V th (V)) of the V th threshold due to a plurality of sweeps can be preferably reduced by further performing a heat treatment after the formation of the second protective film.
- regulated by this invention are explained in full detail.
- the combination of the protective film formation step after patterning of the source / drain electrodes and the oxidation treatment step includes the step of FIG. 6 in addition to FIG. In FIGS. 5 to 7, heat treatment is performed as the oxidation treatment.
- heat treatment is performed as the oxidation treatment.
- the source / drain electrodes are subjected to heat treatment, and as described above, the surfaces of the electrodes and etched edges may be oxidized.
- the electrode is a Mo-based film, oxidation is likely to occur.
- the end portion of the electrode material is oxidized in this way, it is considered that an acceptor level is formed in the oxide semiconductor layer portion directly under the Mo oxide generated by the oxidation, thereby degrading the switching characteristics.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the oxide semiconductor layer 4 portion immediately below the Mo oxide 14 when the Mo oxide 14 is formed on the surface of the source / drain electrode 5 made of the Mo-based film. is there.
- FIG. 9A and FIG. 9B are diagrams showing the results of confirming that “the acceptor level is formed in the oxide semiconductor layer portion immediately below the Mo oxide, thereby degrading the switching characteristics”.
- FIG. 9A shows a result of calculation of a current path using a simulation when a conduction band skirt level (acceptor level) is arranged under the source / drain electrode end 5 made of a Mo-based film.
- FIG. 9B is a diagram for explaining an increase in the S value in the Id-Vg characteristic in this case.
- the rectangular portion A shows the current density distribution of the oxide semiconductor layer, and the light and shaded portion of the portion surrounded by the ellipse indicates that it is difficult for current to flow.
- FIG. 9A and 9B show the following. That is, as shown in FIG. 9A, when the conduction band skirt level (acceptor level) is arranged below the source / drain electrode end 5, the acceptor level in the same region acts to move the conduction band away from the Fermi level. As a result, electrons in the high defect region are ejected and increase on the semiconductor side having a low conduction band. As a result, the current density distribution is considered to change. Thus, it is considered that the acceptor level in the above region changes the current path during switching and increases the S value as shown in FIG. 9B. Note that W ta shown in the order of the series 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1 from the upper right side in FIG. 9B is the energy width of the skirt-like level at the conductor end.
- the level increases.
- the energy width of the skirt level increases in the order of series 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 1, that is, the steepness decreases as indicated by the downward arrow in FIG. Indicates an increase. That is, the result of FIG. 9B has an influence on the tendency that the oxidation of the source / drain electrode end, particularly the oxidation when the source / drain electrode is a Mo-based film increases the acceptor level and consequently the S value. It can be said that it has an effect.
- the oxidation of the source / drain electrodes, particularly the electrode ends, particularly the oxidation of the Mo-based film is suppressed, and the increase of the S value is suppressed. Deterioration can be prevented. Furthermore, as will be described in detail below, the stress resistance can be improved by oxidation treatment.
- the SiNx film that can be used as the second protective film generally has a high hydrogen content, as described above, by forming the SiNx film after the oxidation treatment, hydrogen diffusion from the SiNx film to the oxide semiconductor layer can be achieved. It is possible to prevent the transistor from becoming a conductor, an increase in off-state current, or a change in V th to the negative side.
- the contamination is replaced with oxygen or a hydroxyl group (OH), that is, the surface of the oxide semiconductor is oxidized or C is removed to recover the surface state before wet etching (recovery). Therefore, even a BCE TFT can provide excellent stress characteristics, particularly excellent light stress resistance.
- OH hydroxyl group
- the present inventors have confirmed that the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer at each stage immediately after the formation of the oxide semiconductor layer (as-deposited), after the acid etching, and after the oxidation treatment is subjected to X-ray photoelectrons. This was confirmed by observing by spectroscopic analysis (XPS, X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy).
- 530.8 eV which is indicated by vertical broken lines, respectively, is the O1s spectral peak value without oxygen deficiency
- 532.3 eV is the O1s spectral peak value with oxygen deficiency
- 533.2 eV is the OH group. The spectral peak value of is shown.
- (1) as-deposited state indicated by a solid line that is, an O1s spectral peak immediately after formation of an oxide semiconductor layer
- (2) an O1s spectral peak after wet etching and a broken line (3)
- the following can be said by comparing the positions of the O1s spectral peaks after the oxidation treatment. That is, the (1) O1s spectral peak in the as-deposited state is approximately 530.8 eV, whereas the (2) O1s spectral peak after wet etching, that is, the oxide semiconductor layer in the as-deposited state.
- the O1s spectral peak corresponding to the case of the conventional TFT manufacturing method that has been subjected to the acid etching but not oxidized is close to 532.3 eV (with oxygen deficiency), and the (1) as-deposited state. It is shifted to the left side (approximately 530.8 eV).
- the O1s spectral peak is approximately 530.8 eV (within 530.8 ⁇ 0.5 eV) as shown in FIG. It is at almost the same position as the peak in the deposited state.
- the following can be understood about the influence of the presence or absence of the oxidation treatment on the surface state.
- the O1s spectral peak Due to the wet etching, the O1s spectral peak is shifted to the left from the as-deposited state. This is because contaminants such as C adhere to the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer by wet etching, and oxygen of the metal oxide constituting the oxide semiconductor layer is combined with these contaminants, so that oxygen constituting the oxide semiconductor layer is reduced. It means a missing state.
- oxidation treatment such as heat treatment after the wet etching, contamination such as C is replaced with oxygen, and C that can be an electron trap is removed.
- the O1s spectrum peak is in an as-deposited state, that is, It is thought that the surface state before wet etching has returned. Such a phenomenon can also be confirmed when N 2 O plasma treatment is performed as the oxidation treatment.
- the oxide semiconductor layer after the oxidation treatment has a specific resistance value measured by a method described in Examples described later in a range of 2.1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more and 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. It is preferable to be within.
- the specific resistance value is more preferably 4 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the specific resistance value is more preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, still more preferably 9.0 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, still more preferably 7.0 ⁇ 10 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. It is.
- the present inventors have confirmed the SiOx film before and after the oxidation treatment and found that the amount of hydrogen in the SiOx film is reduced after the oxidation treatment and is 3.5 atomic% or less.
- the amount of hydrogen is preferably 3.4 atomic percent or less, more preferably 3.2 atomic percent or less. The smaller the amount of hydrogen, the better.
- the lower limit is approximately 1.0 atomic% in consideration of the conditions of the oxidation treatment described later.
- a general method can be adopted for forming the SiOx film itself.
- a CVD method such as a plasma CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) method or a sputtering method can be used.
- the film formation power, the film formation temperature, and the gas ratio of SiH 4 and N 2 O may be controlled as generally performed.
- plasma treatment may be performed by N 2 O gas as pretreatment as shown in the examples described later.
- the thickness of the SiOx film is preferably 30 to 200 nm.
- the thickness of the SiOx film is preferably 30 nm or more, more preferably 50 nm or more, although it depends on the heating temperature during the heat treatment described later. From the viewpoint of productivity, the upper limit of the thickness of the SiOx film is about 300 nm, more preferably 200 nm or less.
- the hydrogen concentration in the SiOx film before the oxidation treatment described later is preferably 5.0 atomic% or less. By setting it as the said hydrogen concentration, hydrogen concentration: 3.5 atomic% or less can be easily achieved by oxidation treatment. As described above, it is considered that the smaller the amount of hydrogen in the SiOx film, the smaller the amount of hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor layer in contact with the SiOx film, and the better the light stress resistance.
- the hydrogen concentration in the SiOx film is more preferably 4.5 atomic% or less. In addition, it is difficult to make it 0 atom%.
- the reduction of the hydrogen concentration in the SiOx film can be realized by reducing the ratio of SiH 4 used for forming the SiOx film.
- Oxidation treatment examples include one or more of heat treatment and N 2 O plasma treatment. Preferably, both heat treatment and N 2 O plasma treatment are performed.
- the heat treatment may be performed under the following conditions. That is, the heating atmosphere may be, for example, a water vapor atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere. An oxygen atmosphere is preferable, and an air atmosphere is more preferable. Incidentally, the nitrogen atmosphere is not preferable because the oxide semiconductor surface may be reduced through the SiOx film and the improvement in resistance to light stress may be hindered.
- the heating atmosphere may be, for example, a water vapor atmosphere or an oxygen atmosphere.
- An oxygen atmosphere is preferable, and an air atmosphere is more preferable.
- the nitrogen atmosphere is not preferable because the oxide semiconductor surface may be reduced through the SiOx film and the improvement in resistance to light stress may be hindered.
- the heating temperature (heat treatment temperature) of the heat treatment is preferably 130 ° C. or higher, more preferably 200 ° C. or higher, and further preferably 250 ° C. or higher.
- the heating temperature increases, recovery of oxygen vacancies, specifically, oxidation of the oxide surface is promoted, and light stress resistance is improved.
- the heating temperature is too high, the material constituting the source / drain electrodes is likely to be altered. Specifically, since the oxidation of the Mo end of the source / drain electrode is promoted, the switching characteristics are likely to deteriorate. Therefore, the heating temperature is preferably 400 ° C. or lower, more preferably 380 ° C. or lower, and further preferably 350 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time (heating time) at the heating temperature is preferably 5 minutes or more. More preferably, it is 60 minutes or more. Even if the heating time is too long, the throughput is poor, and a certain effect cannot be expected. Therefore, the heating time is preferably 120 minutes or less, more preferably 90 minutes or less.
- the N 2 O plasma treatment that is, plasma treatment with N 2 O gas, may be performed under conditions of, for example, power: 100 W, gas pressure: 133 Pa, treatment temperature: 200 ° C., treatment time: 10 seconds to 20 minutes. Can be mentioned.
- the second protective film is one or more protective films on the first protective film, and is formed of an insulating compound film or a laminated film of a resin film and the insulating compound film.
- the resin film may be located between the first protective film and the insulating compound film. These films function as an insulating film and have a water vapor barrier function that suppresses water vapor from entering the TFT.
- a film made of oxynitride; or a laminated film of a resin film and the insulating compound film, that is, a film made of the oxide, nitride, or oxynitride can be used.
- it is a film made of the SiNx film and the oxide, that is, one or more of the insulating oxide films, and more preferably an insulating oxide film.
- the insulating oxide film has a lower hydrogen concentration than the SiNx film, hydrogen diffusion into the oxide semiconductor layer can be reduced.
- the insulating oxide film exhibits a water vapor barrier property like the SiNx film, it is effective for ensuring good light stress resistance.
- one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Ta, Ce, Ga, Hf, Nb, V, W, Y, and Zr may be referred to as a metal element X.
- the insulating oxide film a film made of an oxide containing one or more elements selected from the group consisting of Si, Al, Ti, Ta, Ga, Hf, Nb, V, W, Y, and Zr. Can be mentioned.
- a film made of SiOx, Al 2 O 3 , Ga 2 O 3 , HfO 2 , Nb 2 O 5 , TiO 2 , Ta 2 O 5 , V 2 O 5 , WO 3 , Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2, etc. Can be mentioned.
- a general method can be adopted as a method of forming the insulating compound film constituting the second protective film.
- it can be performed by a CVD method such as a plasma CVD method or a sputtering method.
- the film forming power, film forming temperature, and gas ratio may be controlled as generally performed.
- the gas ratio of SiH 4 , N 2, and NH 3 may be controlled as generally performed.
- said sputtering method it can form into a film by the magnetron sputtering method, for example.
- a sputtering target made of an oxide, nitride, or oxynitride containing the metal element X can be used as a sputtering target, and film formation can be performed by performing DC sputtering or RF sputtering.
- a film can be formed by performing sputtering in an atmosphere containing oxygen or nitrogen using a pure metal sputtering target or alloy sputtering target containing the metal element X. Conditions such as film forming power in the sputtering method may be controlled as is generally performed.
- the resin film examples include a silicone resin film, a polyimide resin, and an acrylic resin.
- the silicone resin film is generally used as a protective material for a liquid crystal display or a light emitting diode element. Since the silicone-based resin film itself may have a low barrier property, it is preferable to use it in combination with the insulating compound film as described above.
- the silicone resin film is applied by spray coating, spin coating, slit coating, roll coating, or the like, and further subjected to heat treatment (about 200 ° C.) to evaporate the solvent contained in the coating liquid and improve the film quality. Can be formed.
- the film thickness of the resin film can be several hundred nm to several ⁇ m, for example, and is preferably 500 nm or more in the present invention.
- the second protective film As a form of the second protective film, a single layer film of an insulating compound film, a laminated film of two or more insulating compound films, a laminated film of a resin film and one insulating compound film, a resin film and two or more layers And a laminated film of insulating compound films.
- the total thickness of the second protective film is preferably 10 to 500 nm when the resin film is not used. If the thickness of the second protective film is thin, the film thickness distribution becomes non-uniform, the water vapor barrier property is lowered, hydrogen may enter the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer, and the TFT characteristics may fluctuate. Therefore, the thickness of the second protective film is preferably 10 nm or more in total, and more preferably 20 nm or more in total. From the viewpoint of productivity, the upper limit of the thickness of the second protective film is preferably about 500 nm or less in total, and more preferably 400 nm or less in total.
- the total thickness of the second protective film is preferably 300 nm to 5.0 ⁇ m when a resin film is used.
- the total thickness of the second protective film is preferably 300 nm or more, and more preferably 500 nm or more in total.
- the upper limit of the thickness of the second protective film is preferably about 5.0 ⁇ m or less in total, and more preferably 4.5 ⁇ m or less in total.
- Heating treatment after forming the second protective film After the second protective film is formed, further heat treatment can be performed to reduce the shift amount ( ⁇ V th (V)) of the V th threshold due to multiple sweeps.
- this heat treatment may be referred to as “post-annealing”.
- the recommended conditions for this post-annealing are as follows.
- the heating atmosphere include a nitrogen atmosphere, an air atmosphere, and a vacuum atmosphere.
- the heating temperature is preferably 200 ° C. or higher in order to obtain the above effect. More preferably, it is 230 degreeC or more.
- the temperature is preferably 320 ° C. or lower.
- the holding time (heating time) at the heating temperature is preferably 5 minutes or more. More preferably, it is 60 minutes or more. Even if the heating time is too long, the throughput is poor, and a certain effect cannot be expected. Therefore, the heating time is preferably 120 minutes or less, more preferably 90 minutes or less. For example, heat treatment can be performed at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes in a nitrogen atmosphere.
- two or more protective films for protecting the source / drain electrodes and the oxide semiconductor layer satisfy the above-mentioned requirements, and after patterning the source / drain electrodes in the TFT manufacturing process, It is only necessary to include the steps of formation of the first protective film ⁇ oxidation treatment ⁇ formation of the second protective film, and the TFT and other structures in the manufacturing process are not particularly limited.
- FIG. 2 shows an example of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, and the present invention is not limited to this. That is, FIG. 2 shows the case where the second protective film is a single layer film, but the present invention is not limited to this, and the case where the second protective film is a laminated film is also included in the present invention.
- the gate electrode 2 and the gate insulating film 3 are formed on the substrate 1, and the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is formed thereon. Furthermore, a source / drain electrode 5 is formed thereon, a first protective film 6A and a second protective film 6B are formed thereon as protective films (insulating films), and a transparent conductive film 8 is formed through the contact hole 7. The drain electrode 5 is electrically connected.
- the method for forming the gate electrode 2 and the gate insulating film 3 on the substrate 1 is not particularly limited, and a commonly used method can be employed. Further, the types of the gate electrode 2 and the gate insulating film 3 are not particularly limited, and those commonly used can be used.
- the gate electrode 2 Al or Cu metal having a low electrical resistivity, refractory metal such as Mo, Cr, or Ti having high heat resistance, or an alloy thereof can be preferably used.
- a silicon nitride film (SiN), a silicon oxide film (SiO 2 ), a silicon oxynitride film (SiON) and the like are typically exemplified.
- oxides such as Al 2 O 3 and Y 2 O 3 and those obtained by stacking these can also be used.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is formed.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is preferably formed using a sputtering target by a sputtering method such as a DC sputtering method or an RF sputtering method.
- the sputtering target may be simply referred to as “target”.
- the oxide may be formed by a chemical film formation method such as a coating method.
- a target used for the sputtering method it is preferable to use a sputtering target containing the above-described elements and having the same composition as the desired oxide. Thereby, there is little composition shift and the thin film of a desired component composition can be formed.
- the target used for forming the oxide semiconductor layer is made of an oxide of one or more metal elements selected from the group consisting of Sn and In, Ga, and Zn, and a desired oxide
- An oxide target having the same composition as the above may be used.
- a film may be formed by a combinatorial sputtering method in which two targets having different compositions are discharged simultaneously.
- the target can be manufactured by, for example, a powder sintering method.
- the sputtering can be performed under the following conditions.
- the substrate temperature may be about room temperature to 200 ° C.
- the amount of oxygen added may be appropriately controlled in accordance with the configuration of the sputtering apparatus, the target composition, and the like so as to operate as a semiconductor.
- the amount of oxygen added is preferably controlled so that the semiconductor carrier concentration is approximately 10 15 to 10 16 cm ⁇ 3 .
- the gas pressure during the sputtering film formation is preferably in the range of about 1 to 3 mTorr. It is recommended that the input power to the sputtering target is set to approximately 200 W or more.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 is subjected to wet etching and patterned.
- heat treatment is preferably performed to improve the film quality of the oxide semiconductor layer 4. This heat treatment increases the on-state current and field-effect mobility of the transistor characteristics, thereby improving the transistor performance.
- the pre-annealing conditions include, for example, heating temperature: about 250 to 400 ° C., heating time: about 10 minutes to 1 hour in an air atmosphere or a water vapor atmosphere.
- source / drain electrodes 5 are formed.
- the metal thin film constituting the source / drain electrodes is one of a pure Mo film and an Mo alloy film as a Mo-based film.
- a laminated film of the Mo film or one or more films selected from the group consisting of a pure Al film, a pure Cu film, an Al alloy film, and a Cu alloy film is preferable.
- the Mo alloy film is a film containing 50 atomic% or more of Mo
- the Al alloy film is a film containing 50 atomic% or more of Al
- the Cu alloy film contains 50 atomic% or more of Cu.
- the laminated film it is preferable that at least one of the pure Mo film and the Mo alloy film is directly bonded to the oxide semiconductor layer.
- the film directly bonded to the oxide semiconductor layer is a film other than a Mo-based film such as a pure Cu film, Cu diffuses on the surface of the oxide semiconductor, or a residue is generated. Compared with the case where the oxide semiconductor layer and the Mo-based film are directly bonded, the switching characteristics tend to deteriorate.
- the source / drain electrode 5 is at least one selected from the group consisting of a Mo-based film, a pure Al film, a pure Cu film, an Al alloy film, and a Cu alloy film, as compared with the case where the source / drain electrode 5 is composed of only the Mo-based film.
- a laminated film with a film is preferred because the degree of Mo end oxidation when subjected to oxidation treatment is reduced. More preferably, the laminated film is a laminated film of a Mo-based film and at least one film selected from the group consisting of a pure Al film and an Al alloy film.
- the source / drain electrodes 5 can be formed by, for example, forming a metal thin film by a magnetron sputtering method and then patterning by photolithography and wet etching using an acid-based etching solution.
- the film thickness of the source / drain electrode 5 may be in the range of 50 to 300 nm, for example. If the film thickness of the source / drain electrode is too thin below 50 nm, the film is likely to disappear by contact hole etching performed by, for example, an RIE apparatus in a later step. On the other hand, when the film thickness exceeds 300 nm, the coverage of the protective film is deteriorated and defects such as oxidation of the source / drain electrodes are likely to occur.
- the patterning of the source / drain electrodes is performed using an acid-based etching solution containing at least 50% by volume selected from the group consisting of phosphoric acid, nitric acid, and acetic acid, As described above, the surface of the oxide semiconductor layer exposed to the acid-based etching solution can be recovered by the oxidation treatment, and a TFT having excellent stress resistance can be obtained.
- the PV process is performed in the order of formation of the first protective film (SiOx film) 6A ⁇ oxidation process ⁇ formation of the second protective film 6B.
- the transparent conductive film 8 is electrically connected to the drain electrode 5 through the contact hole 7.
- the kind of the said transparent conductive film 8 is not specifically limited, What is used normally can be used.
- the TFT manufacturing method of the present invention does not include an etch stopper layer, the number of masks formed in the TFT manufacturing process is reduced. Therefore, the cost can be reduced sufficiently.
- Example 1 [Production of TFT of Example of the Invention] Based on the method described above, a thin film transistor shown in FIG. 2 was first prepared.
- a Mo thin film of 100 nm as the gate electrode 2 and a SiO 2 film (thickness 250 nm) as the gate insulating film 3 are sequentially formed.
- the gate electrode 2 was formed using a pure Mo sputtering target by DC sputtering under the conditions of film formation temperature: room temperature, film formation power: 300 W, carrier gas: Ar, and gas pressure: 2 mTorr.
- the gate insulating film 3 was formed using a plasma CVD method under the conditions of carrier gas: mixed gas of SiH 4 and N 2 O, film forming power: 300 W, film forming temperature: 350 ° C.
- an oxide semiconductor layer 4 (film thickness: 40 nm) was formed as follows.
- An Sn—O film was formed.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 For the formation of the oxide semiconductor layer 4, a Ga—In—Zn—Sn—O sputtering target having a metal element in the above ratio was used.
- the oxide semiconductor layer 4 was formed using a DC sputtering method.
- pre-annealing treatment was performed in order to improve the film quality of the oxide semiconductor layer 4.
- the pre-annealing process was performed at 350 ° C. for 60 minutes in an air atmosphere.
- source / drain electrodes 5 were formed. Specifically, as shown in Tables 1 and 2, a pure Mo film or a laminated film of the pure Mo film and a pure Al film or a pure Cu film was formed. In the laminated film shown in Table 1, the metal films shown in order from the left shown in Table 1 were laminated on the oxide semiconductor layer 4. These single layer films or laminated films were formed by DC sputtering similarly to the gate electrode described above. The total thickness of the single layer film or the laminated film was 100 nm. Thereafter, patterning was performed by photolithography and wet etching.
- the TFT channel length was set to 10 ⁇ m and the channel width was set to 200 ⁇ m by patterning.
- the film was further immersed (overetched) in the acid-based etching solution for a time corresponding to 50% of the film thickness of the source / drain electrodes 5.
- a SiO 2 film was first formed as the first protective film 6A as the protective film.
- the SiO 2 film was formed by a plasma CVD method using “PD-220NL” manufactured by Samco.
- the SiO 2 film was formed after plasma treatment with N 2 O gas for 60 seconds as pretreatment.
- the plasma conditions with N 2 O gas at this time were: power: 100 W, gas pressure: 133 Pa, processing temperature: 200 ° C., processing time: 1 minute.
- a mixed gas of SiH 4 and N 2 O was used for forming the SiO 2 film.
- the film formation power was 100 W and the film formation temperature was 230 ° C.
- the amount of hydrogen in the SiO 2 film was 4.3 atomic%.
- the film thickness of the SiO 2 film was 200 nm as a standard, and the film thickness was 100 nm or 20 nm.
- heat treatment was performed in an air atmosphere at a heating temperature of 120 ° C., 200 ° C., 250 ° C., 300 ° C., 350 ° C., 400 ° C., or 500 ° C. for 60 minutes.
- a SiNx film (thickness 150 nm) was formed as the second protective film 6B.
- the SiNx film was formed using “PD-220NL” manufactured by Samco and using the plasma CVD method. A gas mixture of SiH 4 , N 2 and NH 3 was used for forming this SiNx film.
- the film formation power was 100 W and the film formation temperature was 150 ° C.
- the second protective film 6B No. 1 in Table 2 was used. 25 an Al oxide film, 26, a Ta oxide film, 27, a Ti oxide film, In 28, a laminated film of a silicone resin film and a SiNx film was formed. For the formation of the Al oxide film, the Ta oxide film, and the Ti oxide film, a sputtering target made of Al oxide, a sputtering target made of Ta oxide, and a sputtering target made of Ti oxide, respectively, An RF sputtering method was formed on the first protective film.
- the silicone resin film was formed by spin coating a photocurable silicone resin on the first protective film.
- the film thickness of the silicone resin film was 1000 nm.
- a SiNx film was formed by plasma CVD as described above.
- contact holes 7 for probing for transistor characteristic evaluation were formed in the protective films 6A and 6B by photolithography and dry etching to obtain TFTs.
- the oxidation process is performed before the formation of the SiOx film as the first protective film, that is, the formation of the source / drain electrodes ⁇ the oxidation process ⁇ the formation of the first protective film ⁇ the formation of the second protective film.
- a TFT produced in the same manner as in the above-described example of the present invention was prepared except that it was implemented.
- Id-Vg characteristics were measured using the TFT.
- the Id-Vg characteristics were measured using a prober and a semiconductor parameter analyzer (Keithley 4200SCS) with the gate voltage and source / drain electrode voltages set as follows. Gate voltage: -30 to 30V (step 0.25V) Source voltage: 0V Drain voltage: 10V Measurement temperature: room temperature
- the field effect mobility (mobility) and S value were calculated from the measured Id-Vg characteristics. And the said mobility set 7.00 cm ⁇ 2 > / Vs or more as the pass.
- the S value was evaluated as follows. ⁇ : S value is 0.45 V / dec or less ⁇ : S value is more than 0.45 V / dec and 1.00 V / dec or less ⁇ : S value is more than 1.00 V / dec
- Stress tolerance was evaluated by conducting a stress application test in which light was irradiated while applying a negative bias to the gate electrode.
- the stress application conditions are as follows. ⁇ Gate voltage: -20V ⁇ Source / drain voltage: 10V -Substrate temperature: 60 ° C -Light stress conditions Stress application time: 2 hours Light intensity: 25000 NIT Light source: White LED
- FIG. 11 is a microscopic observation photograph (FE-SEM observation photograph) of the cross section of the obtained TFT, and FIG. 2 and FIG. 7 photos.
- the thickness of the Mo oxide film at the end of the source / drain electrode was 20 to 30 nm as indicated by the arrow.
- the thickness of the Mo oxide film at the end of the source / drain electrode was 5 nm or less as indicated by the arrow. From these comparisons, it can be seen that the Mo oxide is formed thick in the conventional method, but the formation of the Mo oxide is sufficiently suppressed according to the method of the present invention.
- Examples 3 to 9 are examples in which the heat treatment temperature is changed between 120 and 500 ° C. Of these, No. As shown in FIG. 3, the heat treatment is performed after the formation of the SiOx film. Although not as high as 1, stress tolerance was slightly inferior. No. When the heat treatment temperature was too high as in 9, the S value was high. Furthermore, no. 4 and no. From the comparison of 5, it can be seen that if the heat treatment temperature is raised to 250 ° C. or higher, the resistance to light stress is further improved. In Table 1, No. The Id-Vg characteristics of TFTs 5 and 6 are shown in FIGS. 12 and 13, respectively. No. 5 and 6 are examples of the present invention. No. In FIG. 12 showing the result of FIG.
- the PV process was performed in the order of formation of the SiOx film ⁇ heat treatment heated in the atmosphere at 250 ° C. for 60 minutes ⁇ formation of the SiNx film.
- the No. In FIG. 13 showing the result of FIG. 6, the PV process was performed in the order of formation of the SiOx film ⁇ heat treatment heated in the atmosphere at 300 ° C. for 60 minutes ⁇ formation of the SiNx film. From these contrasts, it can be seen that the stress tolerance is further improved by further increasing the heat treatment temperature.
- No. Nos. 10 and 11 indicate that the hydrogen content in the SiOx film before the oxidation treatment is No. 10. This is an example less than 6. This No. The stress tolerance of 10 and 11 is It is better than 6. This is presumably because the smaller the hydrogen content in the SiOx film before the oxidation treatment, the smaller the amount of hydrogen in the oxide semiconductor layer, resulting in excellent light stress resistance.
- the film thickness of the SiOx film was No. 5 or No. This is an example thinner than 6, Reference numeral 23 is an example in which the thickness of the SiOx film is particularly thin. No. 5 and No. No. 19, 21 and 23, and 6 and no. From the comparison with 20 and 22, it can be seen that the S value increases as the thickness of the SiOx film decreases. This can be explained as follows. That is, no. When the film thickness is as thin as 23, the coverage with respect to the S / D electrode is deteriorated, and a region where the S / D electrode is not sufficiently covered with the SiOx film is generated. In this case, when the heat treatment after the formation of the SiOx film, particularly the atmospheric heat treatment, the oxidation of the S / D electrode is promoted, and the S value increases.
- No. Reference numerals 25 to 28 are examples in which a film other than the SiNx film is used as the second protective film.
- No. 25, 26, and 27 are examples using an Al oxide film, a Ta oxide film, and a Ti oxide film, respectively.
- When these films are used as the second protective film good static characteristics and light stress resistance are obtained as in the case of using the SiNx film.
- No. No. 28 is an example using a laminated film of a silicone resin film and a SiNx film, and good characteristics are also obtained in this example.
- No. The amount of hydrogen in the SiOx film after the oxidation treatment of 25 to 28 is sufficiently reduced. From this result, it is understood that good characteristics can be obtained even when a film made of a material having a high water vapor barrier property is used as the second protective film instead of the SiNx film or together with the SiNx film.
- Example 2 The oxidation treatment after the formation of the SiO film is as shown in Table 3, and the heat treatment, more specifically, the post-annealing that is held at 250 ° C. for 30 minutes in the nitrogen atmosphere is performed, and then the same as in Example 1. Thus, a TFT was produced.
- the sweep is repeated three times, specifically, the voltage is swept from ⁇ 30V to + 30V, and then ⁇ V th is obtained when the sweep from ⁇ 30V to + 30V is repeated again. It was.
- Table 3 shows the following. It can be seen that by performing heat treatment (post-annealing) after the formation of the second protective film, the variation in V th , that is, ⁇ V th becomes sufficiently small. This is presumably because hydrogen was diffused from the second protective film into the oxide semiconductor layer by the post-annealing, and variation in V th was reduced by an appropriate hydrogen termination effect. It can also be seen that the lower the heating temperature of the heat treatment performed as the oxidation treatment, the greater the effect of reducing ⁇ V th by this post-annealing.
- Example 3 The oxidation treatment after the formation of the SiOx film is performed in an air atmosphere except that heat treatment is performed at a heating temperature of 250 ° C., 300 ° C., 350 ° C., 400 ° C., or 500 ° C. for 60 minutes, or no heat treatment is performed.
- a TFT was manufactured in the same manner as in Example 1 in which the drain electrode was a single Mo layer and the second protective film was a single SiNx layer.
- FIG. 15 is a graph showing the relationship between the heating temperature of the heat treatment, the S value, and the specific resistance value.
- FIG. 16 is a graph showing the relationship between the heating temperature of heat treatment, ⁇ V th , and the specific resistance value.
- the heating temperature of the heat treatment is indicated as “oxidation treatment temperature”. 15 and 16, for example, “1.00E + 06” on the vertical axis indicates 1.00 ⁇ 10 6 . Further, in FIG. 16, ⁇ V th indicates an absolute value.
- the S value ( ⁇ ) can be 0.45 V / dec or less when the heating temperature is 250 ° C. and 300 ° C. 15, in order to achieve this S value: 0.45 V or less, the specific resistance value ( ⁇ ) of the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably 2.1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. It is preferably 0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. The broken line and the vertical arrow in FIG. 15 show this preferable range. The specific resistance value is more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the S value is high when the heating temperature is 350 ° C. or higher. However, if the type of the source / drain electrode is changed, a low S value can be realized even at about 400 ° C. .
- the specific resistance value ( ⁇ ) in FIG. 15 increases as the heating temperature rises, but tends to decrease when the heating temperature exceeds 400 ° C.
- ⁇ the specific resistance value above 400 ° C.
- the oxidation of the oxide semiconductor layer is promoted and the specific resistance value increases, but the heating temperature exceeds 400 ° C.
- FIG. 15 for example, at 500 ° C., it is considered that phenomena other than oxidation such as formation of microcrystals become dominant in the oxide semiconductor layer.
- ⁇ V th ( ⁇ ) can be 4.50 V or less when the heating temperature is 250 ° C., 300 ° C., and 350 ° C.
- the specific resistance value ( ⁇ ) of the oxide semiconductor layer is preferably 2.1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more. It is preferably 6 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less. The broken line and the vertical arrow in FIG. 16 show this preferable range.
- the specific resistance value is more preferably 1.2 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, and still more preferably 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the specific resistance value of the oxide semiconductor film is 2.1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more, 1.0 ⁇ 10 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less is preferable.
- an S value of 0.45 V / dec or less can be achieved by setting the specific resistance value to 2.1 ⁇ 10 2 ⁇ ⁇ cm or more.
- the upper limit of the specific resistance value is more preferably 4.0 ⁇ 10 4 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less.
- the heating temperature of the heat treatment is preferably 250 ° C. or higher and 300 ° C. or lower.
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Abstract
Description
前記酸化物半導体層が、Snと;In、Ga、およびZnよりなる群から選択される1以上の元素と;Oとから構成され、かつ
前記2層以上の保護膜は、少なくとも前記酸化物半導体層と接する第1保護膜と、該第1保護膜以外の1層以上の第2保護膜からなり、前記第1保護膜は、SiOx膜でありかつ水素濃度が3.5原子%以下であるところに特徴を有する。
In:15~25原子%、
Ga:5~20原子%、
Zn:40~60原子%、および
Sn:9~25原子%
を満たすものを形成することが好ましい。
・ソース・ドレイン電極形成時に酸系エッチング液にさらされる酸化物半導体層を、Snを含むものとすること;および、
・TFT製造工程において、ソース・ドレイン電極形成後、即ち、酸エッチングを行った後に、第1保護膜としてSiOx膜を形成してから、酸化処理を行って前記第1保護膜、即ち、SiOx膜中の水素濃度を3.5原子%以下とし、次いで第2保護膜として絶縁性化合物膜、または樹脂膜と絶縁性化合物膜の積層膜を形成すること;
によって、ソース・ドレイン電極にMo系膜を使用した場合であっても、TFTの静特性を劣化させることなく、上記酸エッチングによるコンタミやダメージを除去でき、結果として、酸化物半導体層の膜厚が均一でかつ静特性とストレス耐性の良好なTFTが得られることを見出し、本発明を完成した。
酸化物半導体層におけるSnの有無が、ソース・ドレイン電極形成時に使用の酸系エッチング液に対する耐性に及ぼす影響について検討した。
ソース・ドレイン電極端直下の酸化物半導体層の膜厚と、酸化物半導体層中央部の膜厚との差=100×[ソース・ドレイン電極端直下の酸化物半導体層の膜厚-酸化物半導体層中央部の膜厚]/ソース・ドレイン電極端直下の酸化物半導体層の膜厚・・・(1)
下記表面分析では、上記酸系エッチング液にさらされる酸化物半導体層の表面分析を行った。該表面分析には、酸化処理として、350℃で60分間、大気雰囲気の条件で熱処理を行ったTFTを用いた。尚、前記TFTの酸化物半導体層は、本発明で規定の要件を満たすものである。また、評価に供したTFTは、酸化物半導体層の表面性状に対する酸化処理の影響のみを確認するため、保護膜の形成を行っていない。
(1)酸化物半導体層形成直後(as-deposited)の酸化物半導体層表面;
(2)酸化物半導体層の表面を、ウェットエッチング、具体的にはPAN系エッチング液を用いて酸エッチングした直後の酸化物半導体層の表面;および、
(3)前記(2)のウェットエッチング後に、前記酸化処理を施した後の酸化物半導体層の表面;
のそれぞれの状態を確認するため、XPSでO1sスペクトルピークの観察を行った。
SiOx膜の形成自体は一般的な方法を採用することができる。例えば、プラズマCVD(Chemical Vapor Deposition)法等のCVD法やスパッタリング法で行うことができる。前記CVD法の場合、成膜パワー、成膜温度、SiH4とN2Oのガス比は一般的に行われている通り制御すればよい。前記SiOx膜の形成前には、後述する実施例に示す通り、前処理としてN2Oガスによってプラズマ処理を行ってもよい。
前記酸化処理としては、熱処理とN2Oプラズマ処理のうちの1以上の処理が挙げられる。好ましくは熱処理およびN2Oプラズマ処理の両方を行うことである。
前記第2保護膜は、前記第1保護膜上の1層以上の保護膜であり、絶縁性化合物膜からなるか、樹脂膜と該絶縁性化合物膜との積層膜である。前記樹脂膜は、第1保護膜と前記絶縁性化合物膜の間に位置するのがよい。これらの膜は、絶縁膜として作用すると共に、水蒸気がTFT内部に侵入するのを抑制する水蒸気バリアの機能を有する。
前記第2保護膜の形成後、更に熱処理を行うことによって、複数回スイープによるVthしきい値のシフト量(ΔVth(V))を低減することができる。以下、この熱処理を「ポストアニール」ということがある。このポストアニールの推奨される条件は次の通りである。加熱雰囲気として、窒素雰囲気、大気雰囲気、真空雰囲気とすることが挙げられる。加熱温度は上記効果を得るべく200℃以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは230℃以上である。一方、温度が高すぎても、前記第1保護膜や第2保護膜からの水素の脱離がさらに促進されることから、320℃以下とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは300℃以下である。上記加熱温度での保持時間(加熱時間)は、5分以上とすることが好ましい。より好ましくは60分以上である。上記加熱時間が長すぎてもスループットが悪く、一定以上の効果は期待できないので、上記加熱時間は、120分以下とすることが好ましく、より好ましくは90分以下である。例えば、窒素雰囲気にて250℃で30分間の熱処理を行うことが挙げられる。
[本発明例のTFTの作製]
前述した方法に基づき、まず図2に示す薄膜トランジスタを作製した。
(スパッタリング条件)
基板温度:室温
成膜パワー:DC 200W
ガス圧:1mTorr
酸素分圧:100×O2/(Ar+O2)=10%
[静特性(電界効果移動度(移動度)、S値)の評価]
前記TFTを用いてId-Vg特性を測定した。Id-Vg特性は、ゲート電圧、ソース・ドレイン電極の電圧を以下のように設定し、プローバーおよび半導体パラメータアナライザ(Keithley4200SCS)を用いて測定を行った。
ゲート電圧:-30~30V(ステップ0.25V)
ソース電圧:0V
ドレイン電圧:10V
測定温度:室温
○:S値が0.45V/dec以下
△:S値が0.45V/dec超1.00V/dec以下
×:S値が1.00V/dec超
次に、前記TFTを用い、以下のようにしてストレス耐性の評価を行った。
・ゲート電圧:-20V
・ソース/ドレイン電圧:10V
・基板温度:60℃
・光ストレス条件
ストレス印加時間:2時間
光強度:25000NIT
光源:白色LED
(判定基準)
○:ΔVth(絶対値)が4.50V以下
△:ΔVth(絶対値)が4.50V超6.50以下
×:ΔVth(絶対値)が6.50V超
SiO膜形成後の酸化処理を表3に記載の通りとし、更にSiNx膜形成後に熱処理、具体的には窒素雰囲気下250℃で30分保持するポストアニールを行った以外は、実施例1と同様にしてTFTを作製した。
SiOx膜形成後の酸化処理を、大気雰囲気にて、加熱温度:250℃、300℃、350℃、400℃、または500℃で60分間の熱処理を行うか、熱処理を行わないことを除き、ソース・ドレイン電極がMo単層、かつ第2保護膜がSiNxの単層である実施例1と同様にしてTFTを作製した。
なお、本出願は、2013年6月28日付けで出願された日本特許出願(特願2013-137294)及び2014年4月11日付けで出願された日本特許出願(特願2014-082143)に基づいており、その全体が引用により援用される。
2 ゲート電極
3 ゲート絶縁膜
4 酸化物半導体層
5 ソース・ドレイン電極(S/D)
6 保護膜(絶縁膜)
6A 第1保護膜(SiOx膜)
6B 第2保護膜
7 コンタクトホール
8 透明導電膜
9 エッチストッパー層
12 Si基板
13 カーボン蒸着膜
14 Mo酸化物
Claims (13)
- 基板上に少なくともゲート電極、ゲート絶縁膜、酸化物半導体層、ソース・ドレイン電極、および2層以上の保護膜を有する薄膜トランジスタであって、
前記酸化物半導体層が、Snと;In、Ga、およびZnよりなる群から選択される1以上の元素と;Oとから構成され、かつ
前記2層以上の保護膜は、少なくとも前記酸化物半導体層と接する第1保護膜と、前記第1保護膜以外の1層以上の第2保護膜からなり、前記第1保護膜は、SiOx膜でありかつ水素濃度が3.5原子%以下である薄膜トランジスタ。 - 前記第2保護膜は、絶縁性化合物膜であるか、樹脂膜と該絶縁性化合物膜との積層膜である請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記絶縁性化合物膜は、Si、Al、Ti、Ta、Ce、Ga、Hf、Nb、V、W、Y、およびZrよりなる群から選択される1種以上の元素を含む酸化物、窒化物、または酸窒化物よりなる膜である請求項2に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記絶縁性化合物膜は、SiNx膜と、Si、Al、Ti、Ta、Ce、Ga、Hf、Nb、V、W、Y、およびZrよりなる群から選択される1種以上の元素を含む酸化物よりなる膜の、いずれか1以上の膜である請求項3に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記酸化物半導体層の比抵抗値は、2.1×102Ω・cm以上、1.0×105Ω・cm以下の範囲内にある請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記酸化物半導体層は、前記酸化物半導体層中に含まれる全金属元素に対するSnの割合が9原子%以上50原子%以下を満たす請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記酸化物半導体層は、金属元素がIn、Ga、Zn、およびSnからなる酸化物であって、In、Ga、ZnおよびSnの合計に対する各金属元素の割合が、
In:15~25原子%、
Ga:5~20原子%、
Zn:40~60原子%、および
Sn:9~25原子%
を満たす請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。 - 前記第1保護膜の膜厚は30nm以上である請求項1または2に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記ソース・ドレイン電極は、純Mo膜とMo合金膜のうちの1以上の膜である請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 前記ソース・ドレイン電極は、純Mo膜とMo合金膜のうちの1以上の膜と、純Al膜、純Cu膜、Al合金膜およびCu合金膜よりなる群から選択される1種以上の膜との積層膜であり、かつ前記純Mo膜とMo合金膜のうちの1以上の膜が、前記酸化物半導体層と直接接合している請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタ。
- 請求項1に記載の薄膜トランジスタの製造方法であって、
前記酸化物半導体層上に形成された前記ソース・ドレイン電極のパターニングを、酸系エッチング液を用いて行うことと、その後、前記第1保護膜としてSiOx膜を形成してから酸化処理を行うことと、次いで前記第1保護膜上に前記第2保護膜を形成することとを含む薄膜トランジスタの製造方法。 - 前記酸化処理は、130℃以上400℃以下の加熱温度で行う熱処理である請求項11に記載の製造方法。
- 前記第2保護膜の形成後、更に熱処理を行うことを含む請求項11または12に記載の製造方法。
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| WO2016194795A1 (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-08 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 酸化物半導体層を含む薄膜トランジスタ |
| JP2016225587A (ja) * | 2015-05-29 | 2016-12-28 | 株式会社神戸製鋼所 | 酸化物半導体層を含む薄膜トランジスタ |
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Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20160079437A1 (en) | 2016-03-17 |
| US9660103B2 (en) | 2017-05-23 |
| TWI566414B (zh) | 2017-01-11 |
| KR20170128632A (ko) | 2017-11-22 |
| CN105324835A (zh) | 2016-02-10 |
| CN105324835B (zh) | 2018-04-03 |
| JP2015029051A (ja) | 2015-02-12 |
| TW201513370A (zh) | 2015-04-01 |
| KR20160013167A (ko) | 2016-02-03 |
| JP6326270B2 (ja) | 2018-05-16 |
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