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WO2014104002A1 - 摺動部材 - Google Patents

摺動部材 Download PDF

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Publication number
WO2014104002A1
WO2014104002A1 PCT/JP2013/084458 JP2013084458W WO2014104002A1 WO 2014104002 A1 WO2014104002 A1 WO 2014104002A1 JP 2013084458 W JP2013084458 W JP 2013084458W WO 2014104002 A1 WO2014104002 A1 WO 2014104002A1
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
resin
sliding member
overlay layer
member according
layer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/JP2013/084458
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
周 神谷
俊之 千年
貴志 冨川
壁谷　泰典
太一 吉見
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
Original Assignee
Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=51021083&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=WO2014104002(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd filed Critical Taiho Kogyo Co Ltd
Priority to CN201380072839.XA priority Critical patent/CN105247229A/zh
Priority to JP2014554446A priority patent/JP6473621B2/ja
Priority to US14/758,167 priority patent/US9759258B2/en
Priority to EP13868501.1A priority patent/EP2940327B1/en
Publication of WO2014104002A1 publication Critical patent/WO2014104002A1/ja
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/201—Composition of the plastic
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
    • C08G73/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon in the main chain of the macromolecule, not provided for in groups C08G12/00 - C08G71/00
    • C08G73/06—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain of the macromolecule
    • C08G73/10—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C08G73/14—Polyamide-imides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D159/00—Coating compositions based on polyacetals; Coating compositions based on derivatives of polyacetals
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D161/00—Coating compositions based on condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D161/04—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only
    • C09D161/06—Condensation polymers of aldehydes or ketones with phenols only of aldehydes with phenols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D179/00—Coating compositions based on macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen, with or without oxygen, or carbon only, not provided for in groups C09D161/00 - C09D177/00
    • C09D179/04—Polycondensates having nitrogen-containing heterocyclic rings in the main chain; Polyhydrazides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C09D179/08—Polyimides; Polyester-imides; Polyamide-imides; Polyamide acids or similar polyimide precursors
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M125/00—Lubricating compositions characterised by the additive being an inorganic material
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
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    • F16C17/00—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement
    • F16C17/02—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only
    • F16C17/022—Sliding-contact bearings for exclusively rotary movement for radial load only with a pair of essentially semicircular bearing sleeves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/103—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant retained in or near the bearing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/06—Sliding surface mainly made of metal
    • F16C33/10—Construction relative to lubrication
    • F16C33/1025—Construction relative to lubrication with liquid, e.g. oil, as lubricant
    • F16C33/106—Details of distribution or circulation inside the bearings, e.g. details of the bearing surfaces to affect flow or pressure of the liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/203—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining
    • F16C33/206—Multilayer structures, e.g. sleeves comprising a plastic lining with three layers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C33/00—Parts of bearings; Special methods for making bearings or parts thereof
    • F16C33/02—Parts of sliding-contact bearings
    • F16C33/04—Brasses; Bushes; Linings
    • F16C33/20—Sliding surface consisting mainly of plastics
    • F16C33/208—Methods of manufacture, e.g. shaping, applying coatings
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
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    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
    • F16C—SHAFTS; FLEXIBLE SHAFTS; ELEMENTS OR CRANKSHAFT MECHANISMS; ROTARY BODIES OTHER THAN GEARING ELEMENTS; BEARINGS
    • F16C9/00—Bearings for crankshafts or connecting-rods; Attachment of connecting-rods
    • F16C9/02—Crankshaft bearings
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/50—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular mechanical properties
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
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    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/70—Other properties
    • B32B2307/746—Slipping, anti-blocking, low friction
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/30—Sulfur-, selenium- or tellurium-containing compounds
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2201/04—Elements
    • C10M2201/041—Carbon; Graphite; Carbon black
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10M2201/06—Metal compounds
    • C10M2201/061—Carbides; Hydrides; Nitrides
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
    • C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
    • C10M2209/003—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions used as base material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
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    • F16C2223/30—Coating surfaces
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    • F16C2360/00—Engines or pumps
    • F16C2360/22—Internal combustion engines

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a sliding member used for a sliding bearing or the like.
  • Patent Document 1 the inner periphery is processed into a tapered shape from one end to the other end in the axial direction, and a recess (oil sump portion) is provided on the inner peripheral surface. Disclosure of enhancing retention.
  • the main bearing 501 has half bearings 503 and 505.
  • the half bearings 503 and 505 are joined to form a cylindrical bearing.
  • the half bearings 503 and 505 have a back metal 507, a lining (bearing alloy) layer 509, and an overlay layer 511, respectively.
  • an oil groove 513 is formed near the center of the inner peripheral surface.
  • an oil hole 515 is formed in the half bearing 503. The oil hole 515 communicates with the oil groove 513, and the oil groove 513 is opened to the outside through the oil hole 515.
  • the half bearing 505 is formed with a notch groove 517 that continues to the oil groove 513.
  • both end portions in the axial direction of the main bearing 501 are formed in a tapered shape in which the inner diameter gradually increases toward the end (FIG. 4).
  • a plurality of grooves 521 extending in the circumferential direction as oil sump portions are formed in the tapered portion 519.
  • the groove 521 is formed in the overlay layer 511 of the upper and lower half bearings 503 and 505.
  • the present invention provides a sliding member that improves oil retention when rotation is stopped and reduces friction torque at startup.
  • the present invention is a lining layer formed of an alloy having a predetermined shape, and an overlay layer formed of resin on an inner peripheral surface of the lining layer that slides with a counterpart shaft, the axial direction of the counterpart shaft
  • a sliding member having an overlay layer having a raised portion in which a height in a predetermined range from both end portions is higher than a height in a portion other than the predetermined range.
  • the raised portion is defined as the inclination start position with a position where the distance from the axial endmost portion becomes smaller than K / 2 with respect to the width K of the sliding member in the extending direction of the counterpart shaft. You may have a top part between the said axial endmost parts.
  • the difference in film thickness of the overlay layer between the portion outside the predetermined range and the top may be 6 ⁇ m or less.
  • the overlay layer may include at least one of a solid lubricant and a hard material, and a binder resin.
  • the binder resin may include at least one of polyamide imide (PAI) resin, polyimide resin, phenol resin, polyacetal resin, polyether ether ketone resin, and polyphenylene sulfide resin.
  • PAI polyamide imide
  • the solid lubricant may include at least one of MoS 2 , PTFE, graphite, WS 2 , h-BN, and SB 2 0 3 .
  • the hard material may include at least one of SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiN, AIN, CrO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , Zr0 2 , and Fe 3 P.
  • FIG. 3 is a schematic sectional view of a main bearing 11.
  • FIG. 1 is a diagram showing a structure of a main bearing 11 according to an embodiment.
  • the main bearing 11 is an example of a sliding member, and is used, for example, as a bearing between a crankshaft and a connecting rod of an internal combustion engine or a crankshaft and an engine block.
  • the main bearing 11 is composed of two half bearings 13. When the two half bearings 13 are joined, a cylindrical bearing is obtained. In FIG. 1, only a single half bearing 13 is shown.
  • the half bearing 13 has a back metal 15, a lining (bearing alloy) layer 17, and an overlay layer 19.
  • the backing metal 15 is a layer for reinforcing the mechanical strength of the lining layer 17.
  • the back metal 15 is made of steel, for example.
  • the lining layer 17 is provided along the sliding surface of the bearing (surface in contact with the shaft), and characteristics as a bearing, for example, friction characteristics (sliding characteristics), seizure resistance, wear resistance, conformability, and foreign matter. This is a layer for providing properties such as embedding (foreign material robustness) and corrosion resistance.
  • the lining layer 17 is made of a bearing alloy.
  • the bearing alloy avoids becoming a so-called “toggle” with the shaft, and a material system different from the shaft is used.
  • an aluminum alloy is used as a bearing alloy because it is used as a shaft bearing made of steel.
  • the overlay layer 19 is a layer for improving the characteristics of the lining layer 17 such as the coefficient of friction, conformability, corrosion resistance, and foreign material embedding property (foreign material robustness).
  • the overlay layer 19 includes a binder resin and at least one of a solid lubricant and a hard material dispersed in the binder resin.
  • the components of the overlay layer 19 are preferably solid lubricant: 30 to 70% by volume, hard material: 0 to 5%, and binder resin: residue.
  • the binder resin for example, a thermosetting resin is used.
  • the binder resin includes at least one of a polyamideimide (PAI) resin, a polyimide (PI) resin, a polyamide resin, a phenol resin, a polyacetal resin, a polyether catalyst ketone resin, and a polyphenylene sulfide resin.
  • Solid lubricant is added to improve the friction properties.
  • the solid lubricant includes, for example, at least one of MoS 2 , WS 2 , polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE), graphite, h-BN, and SB 2 O 3 .
  • MoS 2 gives good lubricity.
  • PTFE has an effect of reducing the friction coefficient because of its low intermolecular cohesion.
  • graphite improves wettability and improves initial conformability.
  • the initial conformability is a property that improves the slidability when the sliding surface wears and becomes smooth when slidably contacting with the counterpart material after the start of sliding. When the slidability is improved by the expression of the initial conformability, the wear amount of the entire sliding layer is reduced.
  • Hard materials are added to improve wear resistance.
  • the hard material includes, for example, at least one of SiC, Al 2 O 3 , TiN, AlN, CrO 2 , Si 3 N 4 , ZrO 2 , and Fe 3 P.
  • An oil groove (not shown) is formed on the inner peripheral surface of the other half bearing (not shown) joined to the half bearing 13 of FIG.
  • the oil groove is provided near the center in the axial direction (direction in which the shaft extends).
  • the oil groove extends in the circumferential direction (sliding direction; perpendicular to the axial direction).
  • the oil groove is opened to the outside through an oil hole (not shown) formed in the upper part of the half bearing.
  • the half bearing 13 shown in FIG. 1 has a notch groove 21 on the inner peripheral surface. Moreover, the notch groove 21 is formed in the position which continues to the oil groove formed in the other half bearing in the edge part of the circumferential direction.
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram showing a cross section of the main bearing 11 parallel to the axial direction of the counterpart shaft 23 (and perpendicular to the sliding direction).
  • FIG. 2 also shows a mating shaft 23 that slides on the inner peripheral surface of the main bearing 11.
  • each layer is laminated in the order of the overlay layer 19, the lining layer 17, and the back metal 15 in order from the side closer to the counterpart shaft 23.
  • the overlay layer 19 has two raised portions 33.
  • the raised portion refers to a portion whose height is higher (thickness of the layer) than other portions in a cross section parallel to the axial direction and perpendicular to the sliding direction.
  • the central portion (region 31) of the overlay layer 19 has a uniform height (thickness), while the end portion (region 29) rises higher (thicker) than the central portion.
  • the raised portion 33 extends in the sliding direction.
  • the height (thickness) of the overlay layer 19 is uniform in the region 31.
  • the overlay layer swells outward from the point P.
  • the point P is referred to as a tilt start position.
  • the raised portion 33 has a top portion 37.
  • the top portion 37 is located outside the inclination start position P (that is, between the inclination start position P and the end portion 35).
  • the tilt start position P is at a position where the distance from the end portion 35 is less than K / 2.
  • the inclination start position P is preferably at a position where the distance from the (closest) end portion 35 is K / 3 or less.
  • the shape of the ridgeline of the raised portion 33 is preferably a smooth curve. That is, it is preferable that the ridge line from the inclination start position P to the end portion 35 through the top portion 37 is a smooth curve.
  • the height (height from other portions, film thickness difference) d of the raised portion 33 is preferably 6 ⁇ m or less.
  • the overlay layer 19 is formed using, for example, spray coating. Specifically, first, a resin, a solid lubricant, and a hard material are dissolved in a diluent to prepare a coating solution.
  • the diluent is for adjusting the viscosity to facilitate mixing, and any diluent may be used as long as the resin can be dissolved.
  • an organic solvent such as xylene, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone or toluene is used as a diluent.
  • this coating solution is applied to the lining layer 17 as the base layer by spraying. At this time, the coating solution is applied thickly (for example, 3 ⁇ m or more).
  • the diluent is dried at 150 to 300 ° C. to form an overlay layer 19.
  • the raised portion 33 is formed by the surface tension of the coating solution.
  • the height d of the raised portion 33 is controlled by, for example, the concentration of the coating liquid, the thickness at which the coating liquid is applied, the drying temperature, or the drying time.
  • a raised shape can be formed using surface tension regardless of the shape of the coating source such as the lining layer or the back metal, so that the raised portion can be formed without using a large-scale facility (for example, electrolytic plating). Can be formed.
  • the overlay layer 19 may be formed by roll coating (roll transfer). Specifically, the coating liquid is applied onto the lining layer 17 with a middle convex roll.
  • the middle convex roll is a roll having a thick central portion in the direction in which the rotation axis extends, and a smaller diameter as it goes to both ends in the axial direction. After application, the diluent is dried. The height d of the raised portion 33 is controlled by, for example, the shape of the middle convex roll.
  • the overlay layer 19 may be formed by a tumbling method, a dipping method, a brush coating method, a printing method, or the like.
  • the main bearing 11 holds the lubricating oil in the oil holding portion 40 formed by the raised portion 33 and can easily draw the lubricating oil between the counterpart shaft 23 and the main bearing 11 at the time of start-up. Thereby, the contact between the mating shaft 23 and the main bearing 11 at the time of start-up is eased.
  • Example 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4 Samples (Examples 1 to 7 and Comparative Examples 1 to 4) in which the film thickness difference (height difference) d and the tilt start position P of the overlay layer 19 were changed were prepared, and the starting torque was measured in these samples. .
  • the starting torque is an index indicating the thickness of the oil film formed between the counterpart shaft 23 and the main bearing 11. Since it is difficult to directly measure the thickness of the oil film, the starting torque was measured as an index indicating the thickness of the oil film. A smaller starting torque indicates a thicker oil film.
  • the sample preparation method is as follows. An aluminum alloy was pressed as a lining layer 17 to the steel back metal 15. This material was processed into a half-cylindrical shape. The material of the overlay layer 19 was diluted with a solvent (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) to prepare a coating solution. This coating solution was coated by an air spray method. Next, after drying at 120 ° C. for 20 minutes, baking was performed at 250 ° C. for 60 minutes.
  • the starting torque was measured for these samples.
  • the starting torque (Nm) was measured in a state in which the main bearing produced from the sample produced as described above was incorporated in the connecting rod of the actual engine.
  • Table 1 shows the measurement results for each sample.
  • the starting torque of the samples (Examples 1 to 7) in which the film thickness difference d is 1 to 6 ⁇ m and the tilt start position P is K / 3 to K / 6 is as follows. It was lower than the starting torque of the sample (Comparative Examples 1 to 4) that was not in the range of 1 to 6 ⁇ m or the tilt start position was K / 2 (that is, the oil film thickness is estimated to be thick).
  • Example 4 when Example 4 is compared with Comparative Example 4, the sample having the film thickness difference d of 10 ⁇ m (Comparative Example 4) has a larger starting torque than the other sample (Example 4) (that is, the oil film thickness is small). Estimated thin).
  • the main bearing according to the present embodiment it is possible to improve the oil retention when the engine is stopped (when the rotation is stopped) and reduce the friction torque at the time of starting.
  • the fuel efficiency is improved by reducing the starting torque.
  • the surrounding oil can be drawn in and solid contact with the counterpart shaft can be avoided, so that seizure can be made difficult.
  • the present invention is not limited to the embodiment described above, and can be appropriately modified, improved, and the like.
  • the material, shape, dimensions, number, arrangement location, and the like of each component in the above-described embodiment are merely examples, and the present invention is not limited thereto.
  • a single part instead of joining two semi-cylindrical parts to obtain a cylindrical bearing, a single part may be formed into a cylindrical shape as a bearing.
  • the shape of the bearing may not be cylindrical but may be an elliptical cylinder.
  • the present invention may be used for sliding members other than bearings.
  • the component of the overlay layer 19 is not limited to the PAI + MoS 2 + SiC exemplified in the embodiment.
  • the component of the overlay layer 19 may be PAI + PTFE or PAI + Gr + SiC.
  • a plurality of solid lubricants may be combined, and a plurality of hard materials may be combined.
  • FIG. 5 is a diagram showing another example of the cross-sectional structure of the main bearing 11.
  • the example in which the film thickness of the overlay layer 19 is uniform in a portion (region 31) other than the raised portion 33 has been described.
  • the thickness of the overlay layer 19 may not be uniform.
  • FIG. 5A shows an example in which a plurality of grooves are formed in the overlay layer 19 in the region 31.
  • the film thickness difference d is defined as, for example, the difference between the average film thickness in the region 31 and the top portion 37.
  • the difference between the thinnest part and the top part 37 in the region 31 may be defined as the film thickness difference d.
  • the difference between the average film thickness (or the thinnest film thickness) of the region 31 and the top 37 is defined as the film thickness difference d.
  • the difference between the representative value of the film thickness of the region 31 and the top 37 is defined as the film thickness difference d.
  • the representative value of the film thickness for example, an average value, a minimum value, or a maximum value is used.
  • the tilt start position P is defined as a position where the difference from the average film thickness (or film thickness at the thinnest portion) of the overlay layer 19 exceeds a predetermined threshold value, for example. May be.
  • a predetermined region including the top portion 37 is defined as the raised portion 33, and the boundary of the raised portion 33 is defined.
  • the tilt start position P may be defined.

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Abstract

摺動部材は、所定の形状を有する合金で形成されたライニング層と、前記ライニング層のうち相手軸と摺動する内周面において樹脂で形成されたオーバレイ層であって、当該相手軸の軸方向の両端部から所定の範囲における高さが、当該所定の範囲以外の部分における高さよりも高い盛上部を有するオーバレイ層とを有する。

Description

摺動部材
　本発明は、すべり軸受等に用いられる摺動部材に関する。
　すべり軸受において、摩耗の防止、焼付きの防止は古くから認識されている課題である。この課題に対処するため、例えば特許文献１は、軸方向の一端から他端に向けて内周をテーパ形状に加工すること、さらに、内周面に凹部（油溜め部）を設けて油の保持性を高めることを開示している。
　図３および図４は、従来技術に係る主軸受５０１を示している。主軸受５０１は、半割軸受５０３および５０５を有する。半割軸受５０３および５０５は接合され、円筒状の軸受となる。半割軸受５０３および５０５は、それぞれ、裏金５０７、ライニング（軸受合金）層５０９、およびオーバレイ層５１１を有する。半割軸受５０３には、内周面の中央部付近に油溝５１３が形成されている。さらに、半割軸受５０３には油穴５１５が形成されている。油穴５１５は、油溝５１３まで連通しており、油溝５１３は油穴５１５を介して外部に開放されている。また、半割軸受５０５には、油溝５１３に連なる切欠溝５１７が形成されている。
　また、主軸受５０１の軸方向両端部は、端に向って次第に内径が大きくなるテーパ状に形成されている（図４）。テーパ状部分５１９には、油溜め部として周方向に延びる溝５２１が複数本形成されている。溝５２１は、上下の半割軸受５０３，５０５のオーバレイ層５１１に形成されている。
特開２００１－３２８３７号公報
　しかし、特許文献１に記載された技術においては、軸受面の軸方向端部が端に向かって内径が大きくなっているため、エンジン停止時（回転停止時）に軸受端部方向に潤滑油が流れてしまう。このため、テーパ状部分５１９の油溜め部（溝５２１）以外の部分では、油膜がほとんど残らず、起動時のトルクが増大してしまうという問題があった。
　本発明は、回転停止時の油保持性を向上させ、起動時の摩擦トルクを低減させる摺動部材を提供する。
　本発明は、所定の形状を有する合金で形成されたライニング層と、前記ライニング層のうち相手軸と摺動する内周面において樹脂で形成されたオーバレイ層であって、当該相手軸の軸方向の両端部から所定の範囲における高さが、当該所定の範囲以外の部分における高さよりも高い盛上部を有するオーバレイ層とを有する摺動部材を提供する。
　前記盛上部は、前記相手軸の延びる方向における前記摺動部材の幅Ｋに対し、軸方向最端部からの距離がＫ／２よりも小さくなる位置を傾斜開始位置として、前記傾斜開始位置と前記軸方向最端部との間に頂部を有してもよい。
　前記所定の範囲以外の部分と前記頂部とにおける前記オーバレイ層の膜厚の差が６μｍ以下であってもよい。
　前記オーバレイ層は、固体潤滑材および硬質物の少なくとも一方、並びにバインダー樹脂を含んでもよい。
　前記バインダー樹脂は、ポリアミドイミド（ＰＡＩ）樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂、およびポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂のうち少なくとも１つを含んでもよい。
　前記固体潤滑材は、ＭｏＳ２、ＰＴＦＥ、グラファイト、ＷＳ２、ｈ－ＢＮ、ＳＢ２０３のうち少なくとも１つを含んでもよい。
　前記硬質物は、ＳｉＣ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＮ、ＡＩＮ、ＣｒＯ２、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、Ｚｒ０２、Ｆｅ３Ｐの少なくとも１つを含んでもよい。
　本発明によれば、回転停止時の油保持性を向上させ、起動時の摩擦トルクを低減させることができる。
一実施形態に係る主軸受１１の構成を示す斜視図。 主軸受１１の断面模式図。 従来技術に係る主軸受の構成を示す図。 従来技術に係る主軸受の断面模式図。 主軸受１１の断面構造の別の例を示す図。
　図１は、一実施形態に係る主軸受１１の構造を示す図である。主軸受１１は摺動部材の一例であり、例えば、内燃機関のクランクシャフトとコネクティングロッド、またはクランクシャフトとエンジンブロックの間の軸受として用いられる。主軸受１１は、２つの半割軸受１３により構成される。２つの半割軸受１３を接合すると円筒状の軸受が得られる。なお、図１においては、単一の半割軸受１３のみを示している。
　半割軸受１３は、裏金１５、ライニング（軸受合金）層１７、およびオーバレイ層１９を有する。裏金１５は、ライニング層１７の機械的強度を補強するための層である。裏金１５は、例えば鋼で形成される。ライニング層１７は、軸受の摺動面（軸と接触する面）に沿って設けられ、軸受としての特性、例えば、摩擦特性（摺動特性）、耐焼付性、耐摩耗性、なじみ性、異物埋収性（異物ロバスト性）、および耐腐食性等の特性を与えるための層である。ライニング層１７は、軸受合金で形成されている。軸との凝着を防ぐため、軸受合金は軸といわゆる「ともがね（ともざい）」となることを避け、軸とは別の材料系が用いられる。この例では、鋼で形成された軸の軸受として用いるため、軸受合金としてアルミニウム合金が用いられる。
　オーバレイ層１９は、ライニング層１７の摩擦係数、なじみ性、耐腐食性、および異物埋収性（異物ロバスト性）等の特性を改善するための層である。オーバレイ層１９は、バインダー樹脂と、バインダー樹脂中に分散された固体潤滑剤および硬質物の少なくとも一方を含む。なお、オーバレイ層１９の成分は、固体潤滑材：３０～７０体積％、硬質物：０～５％、バインダー樹脂：残余、であることが好ましい。
　バインダー樹脂としては、例えば熱硬化性樹脂が用いられる。具体的には、バインダー樹脂は、ポリアミドイミド（ＰＡＩ）樹脂、ポリイミド（ＰＩ）樹脂、ポリアミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリエーテルケーテルケトン樹脂、およびポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂のうち少なくとも一種を含む。
　固体潤滑材は、摩擦特性を改善するために添加される。固体潤滑剤は、例えば、ＭｏＳ２、ＷＳ２、ポリテトラフルオロエチレン（ＰＴＦＥ）、グラファイト、ｈ－ＢＮ、およびＳＢ２Ｏ３のうち少なくとも一種を含む。例えばＭｏＳ２は、良好な潤滑性を与える。また、ＰＴＦＥは分子間凝集力が小さいので、摩擦係数を低減する効果がある。さらに、グラファイトは濡れ性を向上させ、初期なじみ性を向上させる。初期なじみ性とは、摺動開始後に相手材と摺接する際、摺動面が摩耗して平滑になり、摺動性を向上させる性質である。初期なじみ性の発現により摺動性が向上すると、摺動層全体としての摩耗量が低減される。
　硬質物は、耐摩耗性を改善するために添加される。硬質物は、例えば、ＳｉＣ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＮ、ＡｌＮ、ＣｒＯ２、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＺｒＯ２、Ｆｅ３Ｐのうち少なくとも一種を含む。
　図１の半割軸受１３と接合されるもう一方の半割軸受（図示略）には、内周面において油溝（図示略）が形成されている。この油溝は、軸方向（軸が延びる方向）において中央部付近に設けられている。またこの油溝は、周方向（摺動方向。軸方向と垂直）に延びている。この油溝は半割軸受の上部に形成された油穴（不図示）を介して外部に開放されている。
　図１に示す半割軸受１３は、内周面に切欠溝２１を有する。また、切欠溝２１は周方向の端部において、もう一方の半割軸受に形成された油溝に連なる位置に形成されている。
　図２は、主軸受１１の、相手軸２３の軸方向に平行（かつ摺動方向に垂直）な断面を示す模式図である。図２には、主軸受１１の内周面を摺動する相手軸２３も図示されている。主軸受１１において、各層は、相手軸２３に近い方から順に、オーバレイ層１９、ライニング層１７、および裏金１５の順に積層されている。オーバレイ層１９は、２つの盛上部３３を有する。盛上部とは、軸方向に平行かつ摺動方向に垂直な断面において、他の部分よりも高さが高い（層の厚さが厚い）部分をいう。図２の例では、オーバレイ層１９の中央部分（領域３１）は高さ（厚さ）が均一であるのに対し、端部（領域２９）は中央部分よりも高く（厚く）盛り上がっている。盛上部３３は、摺動方向に延びている。
　図２の例で、領域３１においてオーバレイ層１９の高さ（厚さ）は均一である。この断面で見ると点Ｐから外側に向かうとオーバレイ層が盛り上がっており、その意味で点Ｐを傾斜開始位置という。盛上部３３は頂部３７を有している。頂部３７は、傾斜開始位置Ｐより外側（すなわち傾斜開始位置Ｐと端部３５との間）に位置している。主軸受１１の軸方向の幅Ｋに対し、傾斜開始位置Ｐは、端部３５からの距離がＫ／２未満の位置にある。なお、傾斜開始位置Ｐは、（最も近い）端部３５からの距離がＫ／３以下の位置にあることが好ましい。盛上部３３の稜線の形状は、滑らかな曲線であることが好ましい。すなわち、傾斜開始位置Ｐから頂部３７を介して端部３５に至る稜線は滑らかな曲線であることが好ましい。
　また、盛上部３３の高さ（他の部分からの高さ、膜厚差）ｄは、６μｍ以下であることが好ましい。
　オーバレイ層１９は、例えば、スプレーコーティングを用いて形成される。具体的には、まず、樹脂、固体潤滑材および硬質物を希釈剤に溶かし、塗布液を調整する。希釈剤は、粘度を調整して、混合を容易とするためのものであり、樹脂が溶解可能なものであればどのようなものが用いられてもよい。例えばポリアミドイミド樹脂を用いる場合には、キシレン、Ｎ－メチル－２－ピロリドン、トルエンなどの有機溶剤が希釈剤として用いられる。次に、ベース層であるライニング層１７に対しこの塗布液をスプレーで塗布する。このとき、塗布液を厚く（例えば３μｍ以上）塗布する。塗布後、１５０～３００℃で希釈剤を乾燥させ、オーバレイ層１９を形成する。このとき、塗布液の表面張力により盛上部３３が形成される。盛上部３３の高さｄは、例えば、塗布液の濃度、塗布液を塗布する厚さ、乾燥温度、または乾燥時間により制御される。この製造方法によれば、ライニング層や裏金等のコーティング元の形状に関係なく、表面張力を利用して盛り上がり形状を形成できるため、大掛かりな設備（例えば電解めっき）を用いなくても盛上部を形成することができる。
　別の例で、オーバレイ層１９は、ロールコーティング（ロール転写）により形成されてもよい。具体的には、上記の塗布液を、中凸形状のロールによってライニング層１７上に塗布する。中凸ロールとは、回転軸の延びる方向において中央部分の径が太く、軸方向の両端にいくにつれ径が細くなるロールである。塗布後、希釈剤を乾燥させる。盛上部３３の高さｄは、例えば、中凸ロールの形状により制御される。オーバレイ層１９は、この外、タンブリング法、浸漬法、はけ塗り法、印刷法などにより形成されてもよい。
　主軸受１１は、盛上部３３により形成される油保持部４０において潤滑油を保持し、起動時に相手軸２３と主軸受１１との間に潤滑油を引き込み易くできる。これにより、起動時の相手軸２３と主軸受１１との接触が緩和される。
　オーバレイ層１９の膜厚差（高さの差）ｄおよび傾斜開始位置Ｐを変化させた試料（実施例１～７および比較例１～４）を作製し、これらの試料において起動トルクを測定した。なお起動トルクは、相手軸２３と主軸受１１との間に形成される油膜の厚さを示す指標である。油膜の厚さを直接測定することは困難であるので、油膜の厚さを示す指標として起動トルクを測定した。起動トルクがより小さいと油膜がより厚いことが示される。
　まず、試料の作製方法は以下のとおりである。鋼製の裏金１５に、アルミニウム合金をライニング層１７として圧接した。この材料を半割り円筒形状に加工した。オーバレイ層１９の材料を溶剤（Ｎ－メチル－２－ピロリドン）で希釈して塗布液を調整した。この塗布液をエアースプレー方法でコーティングした。次に、１２０℃、２０ｍｉｎで乾燥した後、２５０℃、６０ｍｉｎで焼成を行った。
　実施例１～７および比較例１～４に共通する特性は以下のとおりである。
　軸受幅Ｋ：１５ｍｍ
　オーバレイ層の中央膜厚：６μｍ
　オーバレイ層の成分：バインダー樹脂（ＰＡＩ）　４９体積％
　　　　　　　　　　　固体潤滑剤（ＭｏＳ２）　５０体積％
　　　　　　　　　　　硬質物（ＳｉＣ）　１体積％
各試料におけるオーバレイ層１９の膜厚差ｄおよび傾斜開始位置Ｐは表１に記載されている。
　これらの試料に対し、起動トルクを測定した。起動トルク（Ｎｍ）は、上記のとおり作製した試料で作製した主軸受を実機エンジンのコネクティングロッドに組み込んだ状態で測定した。
　表１は、各試料における測定結果を示している。
Figure JPOXMLDOC01-appb-T000001
　表１から分かるように、膜厚差ｄが１～６μｍで、かつ傾斜開始位置ＰがＫ／３～Ｋ／６である試料（実施例１～７）の起動トルクは、膜厚差ｄが１～６μｍの範囲に無いかまたは傾斜開始位置がＫ／２である試料（比較例１～４）の起動トルクより低くなった（すなわち、油膜厚さが厚いと推定される）。
　膜厚差ｄが１～６μｍの範囲に入っていても、傾斜開始位置ＰがＫ／２であると起動トルクが大きい傾向が見られた。例えば、実施例６、実施例７、および比較例３を比べると、傾斜開始位置ＰがＫ／２の試料（比較例３）は他の試料（実施例６および７）よりも起動トルクが大きかった（すなわち、この中では比較例３の油膜厚さが薄いと推定される）。また、傾斜開始位置Ｐが＜Ｋ／２の範囲に入っていても、膜厚差ｄが１～６μｍの範囲に入っていないと起動トルクが大きい傾向が見られた。例えば、実施例４と比較例４とを比べると、膜厚差ｄが１０μｍの試料（比較例４）は他の試料（実施例４）よりも起動トルクが大きかった（すなわち、油膜厚さが薄いと推定される）。
　このように、本実施形態に係る主軸受によれば、エンジン停止時（回転停止時）の油保持性を向上させ、起動時の摩擦トルクを低減させることができる。起動トルクを低減することにより燃費性能が向上する。更に、片当たりが発生しやすい形状であっても周囲の油を引き込み相手軸との固体接触を避けることができるため、焼き付き難くすることができる。
　本発明は、上述した実施形態に限定されるものではなく、適宜、変形、改良、等が可能である。その他、上述した実施形態における各構成要素の材質、形状、寸法、数、配置箇所、等は単なる例示であり、本発明本発明はこれに限定されない。例えば、半円筒の部品を２つ接合して円筒状の軸受を得るのではなく、単一の部品を円筒状に成形して軸受としてもよい。また、軸受の形状は円筒状でなく、楕円筒状であってもよい。さらに、本発明は、軸受以外の摺動部材に用いられてもよい。
　例えば、オーバレイ層１９の成分、実施形態で例示したＰＡＩ＋ＭｏＳ２＋ＳｉＣに限定されない。例えば、オーバレイ層１９の成分は、ＰＡＩ＋ＰＴＦＥまたはＰＡＩ＋Ｇｒ＋ＳｉＣでもよい。その他、固体潤滑材は複数組み合わせてもよく、硬質物も複数組み合わせてもよい。
　図５は、主軸受１１の断面構造の別の例を示す図である。実施形態においては、盛上部３３以外の部分（領域３１）においてオーバレイ層１９の膜厚が均一である例を説明した。しかし、領域３１において、オーバレイ層１９の膜厚は均一でなくてもよい。図５（ａ）は、領域３１において、オーバレイ層１９に複数の溝が形成されている例を示している。この場合、膜厚差ｄは、例えば領域３１における平均膜厚と頂部３７との差として定義される。あるいは、領域３１における最薄部と頂部３７との差が膜厚差ｄとして定義されてもよい。図５（ｂ）は、領域３１において、オーバレイ層１９に凸部が形成されている例を示している。この場合も、図５（ａ）の場合と同様に、領域３１の平均膜厚（または最薄部の膜厚）と頂部３７との差が膜厚差ｄとして定義される。要は、領域３１の膜厚の代表値と、頂部３７との差が膜厚差ｄとして定義される。膜厚の代表値としては、例えば、平均値、最小値、または最大値が用いられる。
　領域３１の膜厚が均一でない場合において、傾斜開始位置Ｐは、例えば、オーバレイ層１９の平均膜厚（または最薄部における膜厚）との差が所定のしきい値を超えた位置として定義されてもよい。あるいは、頂部３７を含む所定の領域（例えば、頂部３７を含み、頂部３７との膜厚の差が所定のしきい値以内である領域）を盛上部３３と定義し、盛上部３３の境界を傾斜開始位置Ｐと定義してもよい。
１１…主軸受（摺動部材）
１７…ライニング（ベース層）
１９…オーバレイ層
２３…相手軸
２９…軸方向端部
３１…軸方向中央部（軸方向端部を除く部分）
３３…盛上部
３５…軸方向最端部
３７…頂部
ｄ…膜厚差
Ｐ・・・傾斜開始位置

Claims (7)

  1. 　所定の形状を有する合金で形成されたライニング層と、
    　前記ライニング層のうち相手軸と摺動する内周面において樹脂で形成されたオーバレイ層であって、当該相手軸の軸方向の両端部から所定の範囲における高さが、当該所定の範囲以外の部分における高さよりも高い盛上部を有するオーバレイ層と
    　を有する摺動部材。
  2. 　前記盛上部は、前記相手軸の延びる方向における前記摺動部材の幅Ｋに対し、軸方向最端部からの距離がＫ／２よりも小さくなる位置を傾斜開始位置として、前記傾斜開始位置と前記軸方向最端部との間に頂部を有する
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１に記載の摺動部材。
  3. 　前記所定の範囲以外の部分と前記頂部とにおける前記オーバレイ層の膜厚の差が６μｍ以下である
    　ことを特徴とする請求項２に記載の摺勤部材。
  4. 　前記オーバレイ層は、固体潤滑材および硬質物の少なくとも一方、並びにバインダー樹脂を含む
    　ことを特徴とする請求項１ないし３のいずれか１項に記載の摺勤部材。
  5. 　前記バインダー樹脂は、ポリアミドイミド（ＰＡＩ）樹脂、ポリイミド樹脂、フェノール樹脂、ポリアセタール樹脂、ポリエーテルエーテルケトン樹脂、およびポリフェニレンサルファイド樹脂のうち少なくとも１つを含む
    　ことを特徴とする請求項４に記載の摺動部材。
  6. 　前記固体潤滑材は、ＭｏＳ２、ＰＴＦＥ、グラファイト、ＷＳ２、ｈ－ＢＮ、ＳＢ２Ｏ３のうち少なくとも１つを含む
    　ことを特徴とする請求項４または５に記載の摺動部材。
  7. 　前記硬質物は、ＳｉＣ、Ａｌ２Ｏ３、ＴｉＮ、ＡＩＮ、ＣｒＯ２、Ｓｉ３Ｎ４、ＺｒＯ２、Ｆｅ３Ｐの少なくとも１つを含む
    　ことを特徴とする請求項４ないし６のいずれか一項に記載の摺動部材。
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