WO2014054350A1 - 太陽電池セルの製造方法 - Google Patents
太陽電池セルの製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014054350A1 WO2014054350A1 PCT/JP2013/072490 JP2013072490W WO2014054350A1 WO 2014054350 A1 WO2014054350 A1 WO 2014054350A1 JP 2013072490 W JP2013072490 W JP 2013072490W WO 2014054350 A1 WO2014054350 A1 WO 2014054350A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F10/00—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells
- H10F10/10—Individual photovoltaic cells, e.g. solar cells having potential barriers
- H10F10/14—Photovoltaic cells having only PN homojunction potential barriers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F71/00—Manufacture or treatment of devices covered by this subclass
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/10—Semiconductor bodies
- H10F77/12—Active materials
- H10F77/122—Active materials comprising only Group IV materials
- H10F77/1226—Active materials comprising only Group IV materials comprising multiple Group IV elements, e.g. SiC
- H10F77/1227—Active materials comprising only Group IV materials comprising multiple Group IV elements, e.g. SiC characterised by the dopants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/20—Electrodes
- H10F77/206—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/211—Electrodes for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/215—Geometries of grid contacts
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H10—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES; ELECTRIC SOLID-STATE DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- H10F—INORGANIC SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES SENSITIVE TO INFRARED RADIATION, LIGHT, ELECTROMAGNETIC RADIATION OF SHORTER WAVELENGTH OR CORPUSCULAR RADIATION
- H10F77/00—Constructional details of devices covered by this subclass
- H10F77/30—Coatings
- H10F77/306—Coatings for devices having potential barriers
- H10F77/311—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells
- H10F77/315—Coatings for devices having potential barriers for photovoltaic cells the coatings being antireflective or having enhancing optical properties
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy
- Y02E10/547—Monocrystalline silicon PV cells
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method for manufacturing a solar battery cell.
- a p-type silicon substrate obtained by slicing a monocrystalline silicon ingot pulled up by the Czochralski (cz) method or a polycrystalline silicon ingot produced by a casting method by a multi-wire method is prepared ( Step (1)).
- fine irregularities (texture) having a maximum height of about 10 ⁇ m are formed on the surface (step (2)), and an n-type diffusion layer is formed on the substrate surface by a thermal diffusion method.
- a silicon nitride film or the like is deposited on the light receiving surface with a film thickness of, for example, about 70 nm to form an antireflection film / passivation film.
- an antireflection film is formed on the light receiving surface side of the substrate (step (5)).
- an electrode paste mainly composed of aluminum is printed over the entire back surface, which is the non-light-receiving surface of the substrate, using a screen printing method, and dried to form a back electrode (step (6)).
- an electrode paste (electrode agent) containing metal particles such as silver and other additives such as glass frit is screen-printed in a comb-teeth shape having a width of about 100 to 200 ⁇ m, for example. Dry (step (7)).
- step (99) the entire substrate is subjected to heat treatment (step (99)) in order to fire the electrode paste application portion to form a surface electrode.
- heat treatment the metal particles in the electrode paste are baked to suppress wiring resistance, and the silicon nitride film is penetrated by a glass frit (referred to as fire-through), and the light-receiving surface electrode and the diffusion layer are formed. Conduction is performed, and an Al—Si electric field layer is formed at the interface between the non-light-receiving surface electrode and the silicon substrate.
- the temperature of the heating portion of the electrode firing heat treatment is usually 500 to 950 ° C., particularly 600 to 850 ° C., and the heating time Is preferably 5 to 30 seconds, the temperature of the cooling section is 25 to 500 ° C., and the cooling time is preferably 5 to 30 seconds, and the heating temperature includes a relatively high temperature range.
- the peak temperature of the electrode firing heat treatment must be 800 ° C. or higher for the purpose of promoting the firing of silver particles. Due to exposure to high temperatures, there is a problem that the bulk lifetime of the substrate is reduced and the surface recombination rate is increased, so that high conversion efficiency cannot be maintained.
- Patent Document 2 JP-T-2012-514342
- the present invention has been made in view of the above circumstances, and an object of the present invention is to provide a method for producing a highly efficient solar cell excellent in long-term reliability.
- the present invention provides the following solar cell manufacturing method.
- a step of applying a paste-like electrode agent containing a conductive material on an antireflection film formed on the light-receiving surface side of a semiconductor substrate having at least a pn junction, and irradiating only the electrode agent application portion with laser light A solar cell comprising: a local heat treatment for heating so that at least a part of the conductive material is fired; and an electrode firing step having an overall heat treatment for heating the entire semiconductor substrate to a temperature of less than 800 ° C. Manufacturing method.
- the firing of the electrode is promoted more than before, the wiring resistance and the contact resistance can be suppressed, the long-term reliability is improved, and the decrease in the bulk lifetime of the substrate and the increase in the surface recombination rate are suppressed. It is possible to obtain a highly efficient crystalline solar cell excellent in long-term reliability.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing an example of a manufacturing process in the method for manufacturing a solar battery cell according to the present invention. The manufacturing process will be described with reference to the configuration of the solar battery cell shown in FIG.
- the conductivity type may be either n-type or p-type, but here, a single crystal or polycrystalline ingot doped with a group III element such as B or Ga on a high-purity silicon substrate is cut using a multi-wire saw or the like, A p-type silicon substrate (hereinafter referred to as substrate) 1 is obtained (step (1)).
- the specific resistance of the substrate is preferably, for example, 0.1 to 20 ⁇ ⁇ cm, and in particular, 0.5 to 2.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm is suitable for producing a high-performance solar cell.
- damage caused by slicing in the substrate 1 is removed by etching using a high concentration alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide having a concentration of 5 to 60% by mass or a mixed acid of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
- a high concentration alkaline aqueous solution such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide having a concentration of 5 to 60% by mass or a mixed acid of hydrofluoric acid and nitric acid.
- a random texture having a minute uneven structure is formed on the front and back surfaces of the substrate 1 subjected to damage etching (step (2)).
- Texture formation is an effective method for reducing the reflectance of solar cells.
- the texture is formed by anisotropic etching with an alkaline solution in a single crystal silicon substrate, the crystal plane orientation is preferably (100), but other crystal plane orientations may be used when physical polishing is performed using a grinding machine or the like. .
- hydrochloric acid After texture formation, wash in an acidic aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrofluoric acid, etc., or a mixture of these. From an economical and characteristic point of view, washing in hydrochloric acid is preferred. In order to improve the cleanliness, the hydrochloric acid solution may be mixed with 0.5 to 5% by mass of hydrogen peroxide and heated to 60 to 90 ° C. for washing.
- an emitter layer (n-type diffusion layer) 2 is formed on the light receiving surface of the substrate 1 by vapor phase diffusion using, for example, phosphorus oxychloride (POCl 3 ) (step (3)). Thereby, a pn junction is formed.
- the P concentration and depth of the emitter layer 2 are determined by the balance between the resistance to the current flowing through the emitter layer 2 and the surface passivation effect.
- the sheet resistance of the emitter layer 2 measured by the four-probe method is preferably about 30 to 100 ⁇ / ⁇ .
- the glass component formed on the surface of the substrate 1 by the vapor phase diffusion method is removed by etching with hydrofluoric acid or the like, and then a general solution using a hydrochloric acid / hydrogen peroxide mixed solution or an ammonia / hydrogen peroxide mixed solution is used.
- the substrate is cleaned (step (4)).
- an antireflection film 3 which is also a passivation film is formed on the emitter layer 2 on the light receiving surface side of the substrate 1 (step (5)).
- a silicon nitride film having a thickness of about 100 nm is formed as the antireflection film 3 using a chemical vapor deposition apparatus such as a plasma CVD apparatus.
- a reaction gas for film formation monosilane (SiH 4 ) and ammonia (NH 3 ) are often mixed and used, but nitrogen can also be used instead of ammonia.
- a desired reflectance is realized as the antireflection film 3 by diluting the film (film formation type) with H 2 gas, adjusting the process pressure, and diluting the reaction gas.
- the film formation type of the antireflection film 3 is not limited to silicon nitride, but includes chemical vapor deposition, as well as silicon oxide, silicon carbide, aluminum oxide, amorphous silicon, microcrystalline silicon, heat treatment, atomic layer deposition, and the like. Titanium oxide or the like may be used instead.
- an Al paste electrode agent in which Al powder and an organic binder are mixed is screen-printed, heated at about 150 to 250 ° C. for about 5 to 15 minutes and dried.
- the back electrode 4 is formed (step (6)).
- the back surface electric field layer may be formed on the non-light-receiving surface side of the substrate 1 by, for example, vapor phase diffusion of boron bromide. In that case, from the viewpoint of suppressing wiring resistance, an electrode agent of Ag paste is used. It is preferable to form the back electrode 4 by screen printing.
- an electrode material of Ag paste in which Ag powder and glass frit are mixed with an organic binder is applied in a predetermined pattern on the antireflection film 3 on the light receiving surface side of the substrate 1, and is applied at 150 to 250 ° C. at 5 ° C. It is dried by heating for about 15 minutes to form an electrode agent application portion (step (7)).
- the Ag paste is screen-printed in a comb electrode pattern shape, that is, a finger electrode and bus bar electrode shape pattern, and dried.
- the glass frit is a Pb glass frit (for example, PbO—BO 3 —SiO 2 system or the like) or a Pb free glass frit (for example, Bi 2 O 3 —B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —CeO 2). -LiO 2 -NaO 2 system etc.) can be used, but is not limited thereto.
- the shape of the glass frit is not particularly limited, and for example, a spherical shape, an indefinite shape, or the like can be used.
- the particle size of the glass frit is not particularly limited, but from the viewpoint of workability and the like, the average particle size (weight average particle size) is preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m, and in the range of 0.05 to 1 ⁇ m. More preferred.
- the organic binder may be a cellulose resin (for example, ethyl cellulose, nitrocellulose, etc.) or a (meth) acrylic resin (for example, polymethyl acrylate, polymethyl methacrylate, etc.), but is not limited thereto. It is not a thing.
- the addition amount of the organic binder is usually 1 to 10 parts by mass, preferably 1 to 4 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the conductive particles (Ag particles).
- a local heat treatment is performed in which only the portion where the electrode agent is applied is irradiated with laser light and heated so that at least a part of the conductive material is fired (step (9a)).
- the laser beam to be used is preferably a pulse laser, and the wavelength range may be determined by the components used for the electrode agent, particularly the type of the conductive material, and generally used silver (Ag).
- the silver absorption coefficient is 300 to 500 nm, which has a high absorption coefficient.
- the laser beam scanning is controlled so that only the electrode agent application part is irradiated with the laser beam, but the laser output, frequency, pulse width, laser beam diameter (spot diameter), scan speed, etc. are adjusted, It is preferable to adjust the heating conditions (including the heat history pattern) in the electrode agent application portion so that at least a part of the conductive material is fired. Specifically, local heating is performed so that only the electrode agent application portion of the shape pattern (see FIG. 5) corresponding to the bus bar electrode 5a and finger electrode 5b constituting the surface electrode 5 is heated evenly. Is preferred.
- junction isolation means that the positive electrode and the negative electrode of a solar battery cell are short-circuited by being connected by a high-concentration dopant diffusion layer of the same conductivity type, and this diffusion layer is partially removed in order to prevent deterioration of characteristics.
- the positive electrode and the negative electrode are structured not to be connected by the dopant diffusion layer of the same conductivity type.
- the bonding separation method depends on the point in time of the manufacturing process, but a method of etching a substrate surface layer such as dry etching or wet etching, a physical grinding method using a grinding machine, or laser light is used. Any method such as an ablation method may be used.
- bonding and separation can be performed by processing the outer periphery of the substrate on the light receiving surface side or the back surface side with a laser.
- the junction separation is not necessarily performed after the local heat treatment, and may be performed after the pn junction is formed, after the antireflection film 3 is formed, or after the electrode firing step.
- an overall heat treatment for heating the entire substrate 1 to a temperature of less than 800 ° C. is performed (step (9b)).
- the substrate 1 that has been subjected to the local heat treatment is put into a conventionally used baking furnace, and the peak heating temperature in the overall heat treatment is preferably 600 to 780 ° C., more preferably 650 to 760 ° C.
- substrate 1 is heated so that it may become.
- the heating time may be 5 to 30 seconds.
- the heating temperature here is not the set temperature of the firing furnace but the substantial heating temperature of the substrate 1.
- the peak heating temperature in the whole heat treatment By setting the peak heating temperature in the whole heat treatment to 600 to 780 ° C., the bulk lifetime of the substrate 1 can be maintained high, and the surface recombination rate can be maintained small.
- the peak heating temperature is higher than 780 ° C., the bulk lifetime is reduced due to metal contamination, while the hydrogen bonded to the dangling bonds in the silicon nitride film of the antireflection film 3 formed on the surface of the substrate 1 is reduced. Since desorption occurs and the surface recombination rate increases, high conversion efficiency may not be obtained.
- the peak temperature is lower than 600 ° C.
- the influence of the metal contamination is reduced and a high bulk lifetime can be maintained, but dangling bonds and hydrogen bonds in the antireflection film 3 become insufficient, resulting in surface restructuring. Since the coupling speed does not decrease sufficiently, high conversion efficiency may not be obtained.
- the electrode agent-coated portion that has been locally heated is completely baked, and the glass frit component contained in the electrode agent-coated portion reacts with the antireflection film 3 that is a silicon nitride film and decomposes.
- the Ag particles penetrate the antireflection film 3 and become the surface electrode 5 in contact with the emitter layer 2 with low resistance (fire-through method).
- the resistivity of the surface electrode 5 to be formed is preferably as low as possible, but is 5 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less, preferably 3 ⁇ ⁇ cm or less at the highest.
- the electrical contact resistance between the silicon (substrate 1) and the surface electrode 5 is related to the carrier concentration on the silicon surface, that is, the dopant concentration and the electrode material.
- the dopant concentration on the silicon surface is at least 1. ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or more is required, and preferably 5 ⁇ 10 19 cm ⁇ 3 or more is required. Further, by this overall heat treatment, a BSF (Back Surface Field) layer 6 serving as an Al—Si electric field layer is formed at the interface between the back electrode 4 and the substrate 1.
- BSF Back Surface Field
- the local heat treatment (step (9a)) and the whole heat treatment (step (9b)) are collectively referred to as electrode firing (step (9)).
- electrode firing step (9)
- the heat treatment is performed in the order of local heat treatment (step (9a)) and then overall heat treatment (step (9b)) is shown, but the whole heat treatment (step (9b)) and then local heat treatment are shown.
- the above-mentioned local heat treatment is performed so that the electrode agent-coated portion is completely fired.
- This also provides the same effect as when the heat treatment is performed in the order of the local heat treatment (step (9a)) and then the overall heat treatment (step (9b)).
- the light-receiving surface-side electrode agent printing / drying (step (7)) of the substrate 1 may be performed first, and then the non-light-receiving surface-side back electrode formation (step (6)) may be performed.
- the firing of the electrode is promoted more than before, the wiring resistance and the contact resistance can be suppressed, the long-term reliability is improved, and the bulk lifetime of the substrate and the surface recombination rate are increased.
- a highly efficient crystalline solar cell excellent in long-term reliability can be obtained.
- the local heat treatment (step (9a)) and the bonding separation treatment (step (8)) are performed separately.
- the same laser processing machine may be used, and the local heating process and the joining / separating process may be performed as one step (9a ′).
- the substrate 1 fixed to the stage of the laser processing machine may be first subjected to the local heating process, and then the substrate 1 may be irradiated with a laser beam changed to a processing wavelength to perform the bonding separation process.
- the light receiving surface is only on one side, that is, the case where the electrode agent is applied on the antireflection film on only the surface and firing and fire-through are shown, but the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention can also be applied to a double-sided light receiving solar cell in which an antireflection film is formed on each of the diffusion layers on the front and back surfaces, and an electrode agent is further applied thereon to perform firing and fire-through.
- Example 1 A solar cell sample was prepared by the following procedure. First, a boron-doped p-type single crystal whose crystal is manufactured by the CZ method, an as-slicing specific resistance of 0.5 to 3.0 ⁇ ⁇ cm, a plane orientation (100), a thickness of 200 ⁇ m, a square 156 ⁇ 156 mm silicon substrate (hereinafter, 1,000 substrates were prepared. Next, the substrate is immersed in a 40% by mass sodium hydroxide solution, the damaged layer is removed by etching, the substrate is immersed in an aqueous solution containing sodium hydroxide and isopropyl alcohol at a concentration of 3% by mass, and wet etching is performed. Random texture was formed on both sides.
- a pair of substrates is heat-treated in a state where the non-light-receiving surfaces overlap each other, and the light-receiving surface is highly doped with phosphorus to form an emitter layer having a sheet resistance of 50 ⁇ / ⁇ . Formed.
- the phosphorous glass on the substrate surface was removed with hydrofluoric acid, washed with an ammonia / peroxide aqueous solution, rinsed and dried.
- a silicon nitride film as an antireflection film / passivation film was formed on the entire surface of the light-receiving surface with a film thickness of 90 nm on the substrate after the cleaning.
- Pb-free glass frit containing silver as a main component is used.
- An electrode paste containing (Bi 2 O 3 —B 2 O 3 —SiO 2 —CeO 2 —LiO 2 —NaO 2 system) as an additive was screen-printed and dried at a heating temperature of 200 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the number of patterns for the finger electrode 5b in the pattern of FIG. 5 is 78, the length is 154 mm, the interval is 2.0 mm, the opening width is 100 ⁇ m, the number of the patterns for the bus bar electrode 5a is 3, and the length is 154 mm.
- the interval was 38.5 mm, and the opening width was 1500 ⁇ m.
- an electrode paste containing silver was screen-printed on the bus bar portion on the non-light-receiving surface side of the substrate, and an electrode paste containing aluminum was screen-printed on the entire other portion, and dried at 200 ° C. for 15 minutes.
- the substrate on which the electrode paste was printed and dried was subjected to local heating treatment by irradiating the light receiving surface finger electrode pattern portion and the bus bar electrode pattern portion with laser light.
- laser light having an output of 12.5 W, a wavelength of 355 nm, a frequency of 150 kHz, a pulse width of 13 nm, and a spot diameter of 50 ⁇ m was used and processed at a scan speed of 1000 mm / sec.
- a laser beam was made to make one round along the outer periphery of the substrate at a distance of 0.5 mm from the outer periphery of the substrate, and a bonding separation process was performed by a laser ablation method.
- laser light having an output of 12.5 W, a wavelength of 532 nm, a frequency of 150 kHz, a pulse width of 13 nm, and a spot diameter of 25 ⁇ m was used and processed at a scanning speed of 1000 mm / sec.
- the light receiving surface and the non-light receiving surface electrode were simultaneously formed by heating the entire substrate with a heating profile having a heating temperature of 760 ° C. and a peak portion of 10 seconds.
- Example 2 In Example 1, a local heating process using a laser beam and a bonding separation process are successively performed (each laser condition is the same as that in Example 1). Otherwise, a solar cell sample is prepared in the same manner as in Example 1. Produced.
- Example 1 In Example 1, the local heating process is not performed, and after the bonding separation process, the entire substrate is heated with a heating profile having a heating temperature of 800 ° C. and a peak portion of 10 seconds, so that the light receiving surface and the non-light receiving surface electrode are simultaneously formed. Otherwise, a solar cell sample was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
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Description
なお、本発明に関連した先行技術として、特表2012-514342号公報(特許文献2)がある。
〔1〕 少なくともpn接合を有する半導体基板の受光面側に形成した反射防止膜上に導電材を含むペースト状の電極剤を塗布する工程と、上記電極剤塗布部分のみにレーザー光を照射して上記導電材の少なくとも一部が焼成するように加熱する局所加熱処理及び上記半導体基板全体を800℃未満の温度に加熱する全体加熱処理を有する電極焼成工程とを含むことを特徴とする太陽電池セルの製造方法。
〔2〕 上記電極焼成工程は、上記局所加熱処理、次いで全体加熱処理の順、又は上記全体加熱処理、次いで局所加熱処理の順で加熱処理を行うことを特徴とする〔1〕記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
〔3〕 上記全体加熱処理におけるピーク加熱温度が600~780℃であることを特徴とする〔1〕又は〔2〕記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
〔4〕 上記局所加熱処理のレーザー光の波長が300~500nmであることを特徴とする〔1〕~〔3〕のいずれかに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
〔5〕 上記局所加熱処理と、レーザー光を用いてpn接合を分離する処理とを連続的に行うことを特徴とする〔1〕~〔4〕のいずれかに記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
図2は、本発明に係る太陽電池セルの製造方法における製造工程の一例を示すフロー図である。図3に示す太陽電池セルの構成を参照しながら、その製造工程を説明する。
なお、接合分離は、必ずしも局所加熱処理の後に実施する必要はなく、pn接合を形成した後や、反射防止膜3形成後、もしくは電極焼成工程後であってもよい。
また、この全体加熱処理により、裏面電極4と基板1との界面にAl-Siの電界層となるBSF(Back Surface Field)層6が形成される。
また、基板1の受光面側電極剤印刷・乾燥(工程(7))を先に行い、次いで非受光面側裏面電極形成(工程(6))を行うようにしてもよい。
以下の手順で太陽電池セルのサンプルを作製した。
まず、結晶がCZ法で製造されたボロンドープp型単結晶、アズスライス比抵抗0.5~3.0Ω・cm、面方位(100)、厚さ200μm、正方形156×156mmのシリコン基板(以下、基板)を1000枚用意した。
次に、この基板を40質量%水酸化ナトリウム溶液に浸し、ダメージ層をエッチングで取り除き、該基板を3質量%濃度で水酸化ナトリウムとイソプロピルアルコールを加えた水溶液に浸し、ウェットエッチングすることにより、両面にランダムテクスチャを形成させた。
次に、オキシ塩化リン雰囲気下、870℃で基板を2枚一組で非受光面同士を重ねた状態で熱処理し、受光面にリンを高濃度ドーピングしてシート抵抗50Ω/□のエミッタ層を形成した。
次に、フッ酸にて基板表面のリンガラスを除去し、アンモニア/過酸化水溶混合溶液で洗浄後、リンス洗浄し乾燥させた。
次に、上記洗浄後の基板に反射防止膜兼パッシベーション膜として窒化珪素膜をプラズマCVD装置を用いて、受光面側全面に膜厚90nmで形成した。
次に、基板1の受光面側に図5に示したような、バスバー電極5a用、フィンガー電極5b用のパターンを持つスクリーン製版を用いて、銀を主成分として含み、かつPbフリー系ガラスフリット(Bi2O3-B2O3-SiO2-CeO2-LiO2-NaO2系)を添加物として含む電極ペーストをスクリーン印刷し、加熱温度200℃で15分間乾燥した。なお、図5のパターンにおけるフィンガー電極5b用のパターンの本数は78本、長さが154mm、間隔は2.0mm、開口幅は100μm、バスバー電極5a用のパターンの本数は3本、長さ154mm、間隔は38.5mm、開口幅は1500μmとした。
次に、基板の非受光面側に、銀を含む電極ペーストをバスバー部にスクリーン印刷し、それ以外の部分全面にアルミニウムを含む電極ペーストをスクリーン印刷し、200℃で15分間乾燥した。
次に、上記電極ペーストを印刷・乾燥させた基板に対し、上記受光面フィンガー電極用パターン部分及びバスバー電極用パターン部分に、レーザー光を照射し局所加熱処理を行った。このときの局所加熱処理のレーザー条件として、出力12.5W、波長355nm、周波数150kHz、パルス幅13nm、スポット径50μmのレーザー光を用い、1000mm/secのスキャンスピードで加工した。
次に、上記基板外周から0.5mmの距離を基板外周に沿ってレーザー光を一周させ、レーザーアブレーション法により接合分離処理を行った。このときの接合分離処理のレーザー条件としては、出力12.5W、波長532nm、周波数150kHz、パルス幅13nm、スポット径25μmのレーザー光を用い、1000mm/secのスキャンスピードで加工した。
次に、加熱温度760℃、10秒間のピーク部を持つ加熱プロファイルで基板を全体加熱することで、受光面及び非受光面電極を同時に形成した。
実施例1において、レーザー光による局所加熱処理と接合分離処理を連続して行い(それぞれのレーザー条件は実施例1と同じ)、それ以外は実施例1と同様にして、太陽電池セルのサンプルを作製した。
実施例1において、局所加熱処理を行わず、接合分離処理の後に、加熱温度800℃、10秒間のピーク部を持つ加熱プロファイルで基板を全体加熱することで、受光面及び非受光面電極を同時に形成し、それ以外は実施例1と同様にして、太陽電池セルのサンプルを作製した。
高温で全体加熱により電極焼成処理を行った比較例1に対し、レーザー光の局所加熱処理と低温の全体加熱処理による電極焼成処理を行った実施例1及び2はどちらも開放電圧及び短絡電流が顕著に上昇し、曲線因子は同等以上の値を示した。
2 エミッタ層(n型拡散層)
3 反射防止膜
4 裏面電極
5 表面電極
5a バスバー電極
5b フィンガー電極
6 BSF層
Claims (5)
- 少なくともpn接合を有する半導体基板の受光面側に形成した反射防止膜上に導電材を含むペースト状の電極剤を塗布する工程と、上記電極剤塗布部分のみにレーザー光を照射して上記導電材の少なくとも一部が焼成するように加熱する局所加熱処理及び上記半導体基板全体を800℃未満の温度に加熱する全体加熱処理を有する電極焼成工程とを含むことを特徴とする太陽電池セルの製造方法。
- 上記電極焼成工程は、上記局所加熱処理、次いで全体加熱処理の順、又は上記全体加熱処理、次いで局所加熱処理の順で加熱処理を行うことを特徴とする請求項1記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
- 上記全体加熱処理におけるピーク加熱温度が600~780℃であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
- 上記局所加熱処理のレーザー光の波長が300~500nmであることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか1項記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
- 上記局所加熱処理と、レーザー光を用いてpn接合を分離する処理とを連続的に行うことを特徴とする請求項1~4のいずれか1項記載の太陽電池セルの製造方法。
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| CN201380051963.8A CN104704639B (zh) | 2012-10-04 | 2013-08-23 | 太阳能电池单元的制造方法 |
| JP2014539637A JP6107830B2 (ja) | 2012-10-04 | 2013-08-23 | 太陽電池セルの製造方法 |
| KR1020157011128A KR101873563B1 (ko) | 2012-10-04 | 2013-08-23 | 태양 전지 셀의 제조 방법 |
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| JP2021527942A (ja) * | 2019-04-10 | 2021-10-14 | グーグル エルエルシーGoogle LLC | 携帯型急速大面積薄膜光焼結装置 |
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| EP3333901B1 (en) | 2016-10-05 | 2020-12-30 | Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd. | Method for manufacturing a high photoelectric conversion efficiency solar cell |
| TWI580058B (zh) * | 2016-10-26 | 2017-04-21 | 財團法人工業技術研究院 | 太陽能電池 |
| DE102017000528A1 (de) * | 2017-01-20 | 2018-07-26 | Berliner Glas Kgaa Herbert Kubatz Gmbh & Co. | Verfahren zur Bearbeitung einer Halteplatte, insbesondere für einen Clamp zur Waferhalterung |
| CN108039375A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-05-15 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | 指状交叉背接触太阳电池的制备方法 |
| CN107768484A (zh) * | 2017-10-31 | 2018-03-06 | 泰州隆基乐叶光伏科技有限公司 | 太阳能电池的电极局部接触结构的制备方法 |
| CN109004043B (zh) * | 2018-07-16 | 2021-03-16 | 南通天盛新能源股份有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池背面电极的制备方法与应用 |
| CN114005908A (zh) * | 2021-11-23 | 2022-02-01 | 晶澳(扬州)太阳能科技有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池以及太阳能电池的制备方法 |
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| CN114927599B (zh) * | 2022-05-18 | 2025-04-25 | 东方日升(常州)新能源有限公司 | 一种太阳能电池及其制备方法以及激光退火装置 |
| CN116864548A (zh) * | 2023-06-26 | 2023-10-10 | 滁州捷泰新能源科技有限公司 | 一种p型背结TOPCon电池及其制备方法 |
| CN119364924A (zh) * | 2024-12-25 | 2025-01-24 | 宁波欧达光电有限公司 | 一种TOPCon太阳能电池背面电极金属化方法 |
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| TWI585991B (zh) | 2017-06-01 |
| EP2905812B1 (en) | 2021-07-21 |
| CN104704639A (zh) | 2015-06-10 |
| US20150228841A1 (en) | 2015-08-13 |
| RU2015116526A (ru) | 2016-11-20 |
| JP6107830B2 (ja) | 2017-04-05 |
| US9614117B2 (en) | 2017-04-04 |
| EP2905812A1 (en) | 2015-08-12 |
| TW201421724A (zh) | 2014-06-01 |
| RU2636405C2 (ru) | 2017-11-23 |
| KR101873563B1 (ko) | 2018-07-03 |
| CN104704639B (zh) | 2017-02-22 |
| EP2905812A4 (en) | 2016-05-04 |
| MY170332A (en) | 2019-07-17 |
| JPWO2014054350A1 (ja) | 2016-08-25 |
| KR20150068415A (ko) | 2015-06-19 |
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