WO2014041622A1 - 非水系二次電池及び電池制御システム - Google Patents
非水系二次電池及び電池制御システム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2014041622A1 WO2014041622A1 PCT/JP2012/073276 JP2012073276W WO2014041622A1 WO 2014041622 A1 WO2014041622 A1 WO 2014041622A1 JP 2012073276 W JP2012073276 W JP 2012073276W WO 2014041622 A1 WO2014041622 A1 WO 2014041622A1
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- positive electrode
- secondary battery
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- ion supply
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/13—Electrodes for accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte, e.g. for lithium-accumulators; Processes of manufacture thereof
- H01M4/136—Electrodes based on inorganic compounds other than oxides or hydroxides, e.g. sulfides, selenides, tellurides, halogenides or LiCoFy
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
- H01M10/0525—Rocking-chair batteries, i.e. batteries with lithium insertion or intercalation in both electrodes; Lithium-ion batteries
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/4242—Regeneration of electrolyte or reactants
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/42—Methods or arrangements for servicing or maintenance of secondary cells or secondary half-cells
- H01M10/48—Accumulators combined with arrangements for measuring, testing or indicating the condition of cells, e.g. the level or density of the electrolyte
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M10/00—Secondary cells; Manufacture thereof
- H01M10/05—Accumulators with non-aqueous electrolyte
- H01M10/052—Li-accumulators
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P70/00—Climate change mitigation technologies in the production process for final industrial or consumer products
- Y02P70/50—Manufacturing or production processes characterised by the final manufactured product
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
- Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries
Definitions
- the present invention relates to non-aqueous secondary batteries, for example, non-aqueous secondary batteries such as high energy density lithium ion secondary batteries suitable for use in portable equipment, electric vehicles, power storage, etc., and battery control systems About.
- non-aqueous secondary batteries such as high energy density lithium ion secondary batteries suitable for use in portable equipment, electric vehicles, power storage, etc., and battery control systems About.
- a lithium ion secondary battery using a carbon material as a negative electrode active material can form a film on the negative electrode surface by a side reaction accompanied by a negative electrode charging reaction at the time of initial charge after producing the battery.
- silicon, alloy negative electrode active materials containing tin, etc. which are actively studied as high capacity negative electrode active materials, are known to have a larger amount of side reactions as compared with the above-mentioned carbon materials. .
- Patent Document 1 discloses that “at least one of the positive electrode, the negative electrode, and the separator has an alkaline metal powder layer formed on the surface”, and the alkaline metal powder layer is It is characterized in that it is formed by coating an alkali metal composition on a current collector having a polymer film or an active material layer formed thereon and drying the coated polymer film or current collector.
- a lithium secondary battery is disclosed.
- Patent Document 1 aims to “provide a lithium secondary battery exhibiting excellent energy density by reducing initial irreversible capacity during charge and discharge of the battery”.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a technology “having lithium powder on the surface of a separator”, and aims to “obtain a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery with high initial efficiency and cycle retention rate”.
- lithium powder a substance whose surface is environmentally stable, for example, an organic rubber such as NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) and SBR (styrene butadiene rubber), an organic resin such as EVA (ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin) or Li 2 A technology is disclosed that uses a “stabilized lithium powder” coated with an inorganic compound such as metal carbonate such as CO 3 . Furthermore, “determining the initial efficiency of the negative electrode and then determining it later” does not cause "deterioration of lithium powder to progress even in a dry room at a dew point of about -40 ° C", and the amount of lithium added is too large. It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-aqueous electrolyte secondary battery in which lithium is not deposited on the negative electrode and the capacity of the battery is reduced.
- an organic rubber such as NBR (nitrile butadiene rubber) and SBR (styrene butadiene rubber)
- EVA ethylene vinyl alcohol copolymer resin
- the lithium supply approach as in the prior art aims to eliminate the initial irreversible capacity of the positive and / or negative electrode active material.
- the side reaction proceeds not only in the initial stage but also in the subsequent storage condition and use condition, and proceeds, for example, during storage under a relatively high temperature environment or with a large number of charge / discharge cycles. Therefore, the phenomenon that lithium ions are fixed in the negative electrode is newly generated. As a result, the problem is that the capacity of the battery is deteriorated due to the potential of the positive electrode or the negative electrode being shifted to the high potential side to reduce the charge / discharge range.
- the positive electrode and metal lithium react with each other before the initial charge, which may cause the positive electrode to fall into an overdischarged state, resulting in deterioration of the battery characteristics. .
- the present invention has been made in view of the above problems, and the object of the present invention is to store the positive electrode in a relatively high temperature environment without causing excessive discharge before the first charge, It is an object of the present invention to provide a non-aqueous secondary battery and a battery control system capable of eliminating the capacity deterioration due to the side reaction progressed with the use of the battery such as charge and discharge cycles of a number of times.
- the present application includes a plurality of means for solving the above problems, and one example thereof includes a positive electrode, a negative electrode, and an electrolyte, and releases or inserts ions from the positive electrode or the negative electrode into the electrolyte.
- Non-aqueous secondary battery that repeatedly charges and discharges the reaction, and has an ion supply unit that supplies ions of the same type as the ions in the electrolyte at a reaction potential higher than the uncharged potential of the positive electrode. I assume.
- the timing of the reaction between the ion source and the positive electrode is controlled, and not only the initial irreversible capacity is eliminated, but also storage during relatively high temperature environment and many times of charge and discharge cycles.
- a non-aqueous secondary battery capable of eliminating the capacity deterioration due to the side reaction progressed with the use of such a battery.
- FIG. 2 is an exploded perspective view showing the lithium ion secondary battery in Example 1 by a partial cross section.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a positive electrode and an ion supply unit in Example 1.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a positive electrode and an ion supply unit in Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration example of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in Example 2.
- FIG. 7 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration example of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in Example 2.
- FIG. 13 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing a configuration example of a positive electrode and an ion supply unit in Example 3.
- FIG. 18 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration example of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in Example 3.
- BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS The block diagram of the battery control system which enforces the charging / discharging control method of this embodiment. 3 is a flowchart showing a charge / discharge control method of the present embodiment.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of a cylindrical wound lithium ion secondary battery in which one ion supply unit is installed. Sectional drawing of the cylindrical type
- FIG. 1 is an exploded perspective view partially showing the configuration of the lithium ion secondary battery in the present embodiment.
- the lithium ion secondary battery C1 is, for example, a cylindrical wound type mounted on a hybrid car, an electric car or the like, and as shown in FIG. 1, it is housed in a bottomed cylindrical battery can 1 having conductivity. , And has a configuration in which a wound-type electrode group 8 is accommodated.
- the electrode group 8 is formed by laminating a strip-shaped positive electrode 11 and a negative electrode 21 in layers with a porous insulating separator 10 interposed therebetween, and winding around the resin core 7 to form the outermost periphery. It comprises by fixing the separator 10 with a tape.
- the positive electrode 11 has a positive electrode foil 12 made of aluminum foil and a positive electrode mixture layer 13 coated on both sides of the positive electrode foil 12.
- a plurality of positive electrode tabs 12 a are provided on the long side portion of the positive electrode foil 12 in the upper part of the figure.
- the negative electrode 21 has a negative electrode foil 22 made of copper foil and a negative electrode mixture layer 23 coated on both sides of the copper foil 22.
- a plurality of negative electrode tabs 22 a are provided on the long side portion of the negative electrode foil 22 in the lower part of the figure.
- the positive electrode current collector plate 5 and the negative electrode current collector plate 6 are fixed by being fitted to both ends of the tubular shaft core 7.
- the positive electrode tab 12 a is welded to the positive electrode current collector plate 5 by, for example, ultrasonic welding.
- a negative electrode tab 22a is welded to the negative electrode current collector plate 6 by, for example, ultrasonic welding.
- the positive electrode current collector plate 5 and the negative electrode current collector plate 6 are attached to and housed in the electrode group 8 wound around the resin core 7 in the inside of the battery can 1 which doubles as a terminal of the negative electrode 21. There is. At this time, an electrolytic solution, which is an electrolyte, is also injected into the battery can 1.
- the electrolytic solution is an organic electrolytic solution in which a lithium-containing salt is dissolved.
- a gasket 2 is provided between the battery can 1 and the upper lid case, and the gasket 2 seals the opening of the battery can 1 and electrically insulates the opening.
- the upper lid 3 is composed of an upper lid and an upper lid case.
- One of the positive electrode leads 9 is welded to the upper lid case, and the other is welded to the positive electrode current collector plate 5, whereby the upper lid 3 and the positive electrode of the electrode group 8 are electrically connected.
- the positive electrode mixture layer 13 is made of a positive electrode mixture containing a positive electrode active material, a conductive agent, and a binder, and the negative electrode mixture layer 23 includes a negative electrode active material, a negative electrode binder resin, and a thickener. And a negative electrode mixture containing The positive electrode mixture layer 13 and the negative electrode mixture layer 23 prepare a dispersion solution of the material constituting the mixture to form a slurry, apply the mixture slurry on a metal foil, dry it, and press it after drying. It is formed by
- a slit die coating method, a roll coating method, etc. can be mentioned.
- a solvent of the dispersion solution N-methyl pyrrolidone (NMP), water or the like can be used.
- the drying method include hot air circulation, infrared heating, and a method of mixing them.
- a method of pressing, pressing and compressing from both sides of the electrode with a cylindrical metal roller may be mentioned.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in the present embodiment.
- the positive electrode 11 is provided with an ion supply unit 31.
- the ion supply unit 31 is configured to supply ions of the same type as the ions in the electrolytic solution at a reaction potential higher than the uncharged potential of the positive electrode 11.
- the ion supply unit 31 includes, for example, an ion supply source 32 such as a metal ion, and a soluble cover (first cover) 33 that covers the ion supply 32 and dissolves at a predetermined oxidation reaction potential. ing.
- the positive electrode 11 uses LiCoO 2 as a positive electrode active material. Then, 7 wt% of acetylene black as a conductive agent and 5 wt% of polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a binder are added to the positive electrode active material, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added to this, and mixed to obtain a positive electrode mixture The slurry of was prepared. The positive electrode mixture slurry is applied to both surfaces of the positive electrode foil 12 which is an aluminum foil having a thickness of 25 ⁇ m (only one side is shown in FIG. 2), dried and then pressed and cut. The agent was bound to form the positive electrode mixture layer 13, and the positive electrode 11 was obtained.
- PVDF polyvinylidene fluoride
- the negative electrode 21 uses non-graphitizable carbon as a negative electrode active material. Then, 8 wt% of PVDF as a binder was added to the negative electrode active material, and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone was added thereto and mixed to prepare a slurry of the negative electrode mixture. The negative electrode mixture slurry is applied to both surfaces of the negative electrode foil 22 which is a copper foil having a thickness of 10 ⁇ m, dried, and then pressed and cut to bind the negative electrode mixture to both surfaces of the negative electrode foil 22. The layer 23 was formed and used as the negative electrode 21.
- FIG. 3 is a graph showing charge and discharge curves of the positive electrode and the negative electrode before capacity deterioration occurs in the lithium ion secondary battery
- FIG. 4 is a graph showing charging of the positive electrode and the negative electrode after capacity deterioration occurs depending on storage conditions and use conditions. It is a graph which shows a discharge curve.
- the positive electrode 11 in the present embodiment exhibits 3.0 to 3.1 V in the uncharged state on the basis of metallic lithium.
- the potential is raised to about 4.1 to 4.3 V and used at the time of charging.
- the ion source 32 metal lithium of about 1 mm square was used.
- a copper foil used as the negative electrode foil 22 of the electrode group 8 was used.
- the covering portion 33 was formed by processing a copper foil into a bag shape in advance, and the ion supply source 32 was housed and sealed in an inert gas atmosphere. It is known that the copper constituting the covering portion 33 dissolves at an oxidation reaction potential of 3.3 to 3.5 V with respect to metallic lithium.
- the covering portion 33 covers the entire surface of the ion supply source 32 to electrically connect the ion supply source 32 and the positive electrode 11, and makes the ion supply source 32 and the electrolytic solution in a non-contact state. Hold.
- the ion supply unit 31 was fixed to the exposed portion of the positive electrode foil 12 with a non-illustrated electrolytic solution resistant tape or the like. Since the ion supply source 32 is sealed by the covering portion 33 in the uncharged state, it does not react with the positive electrode 11 and lithium ions are not supplied from the ion supply unit 31 to the positive electrode 11. Therefore, the covering portion 33 functions as a barrier film of potential resistance, prevents the reaction between metallic lithium and the positive electrode from occurring in the uncharged state, and unlike the case where metallic lithium is simply added to the positive electrode, before the initial charging. The positive electrode 11 does not lead to overdischarge.
- the potential is raised higher than the oxidation reaction potential (3.3 to 3.5 V) of copper to dissolve the coated portion 33 of the ion supply unit 31, and the ion supply source 32 is used as the positive electrode 11.
- the reaction between the positive electrode 11 and the ion supply source 32 (metal lithium) is started by bringing the positive electrode 11 into contact with the electrolytic solution in a state of being connected, and lithium ions are supplied from the ion supply source 32 to the positive electrode 11.
- the irreversible capacity due to the side reaction could be eliminated.
- the initial charge up to 3.6 V which is lower than the oxidation reaction potential of silver (3.8 V)
- the coating layer is dissolved by charging up to 4.1 V, which is an oxidation reaction potential, and the ion supply source 32 is brought into contact with the electrolytic solution in a state of being electrically connected to the positive electrode 11 to obtain an ion supply portion. 31 was activated. As a result, it does not reach the state with the capacity deterioration shown in FIG. 4 and can be made into the state without the capacity deterioration shown in FIG. 3 and the capacity deterioration due to side reaction progressing by storage under relatively high temperature environment It was possible to eliminate it.
- any material having a desired oxidation reaction potential may be used, and it can be selected from known materials according to the battery design. Among pure metals, for example, silver (3.8 V), palladium (4.0 V), gold (4.5 V) and the like are known.
- stainless steel or an alloy having a desired oxidation reaction potential may be used as the covering portion 33. Since stainless steel has high oxidation resistance, it is possible to prevent an unintended operation of the ion source, for example, by instantaneous increase of the positive electrode potential at the start of charging, and so is more preferable.
- a method of forming the covering portion 33 bag-like processing of a foil, vacuum evaporation, electrolytic plating, electroless plating, or the like can be used.
- a negative electrode material containing lithium can be used, and it is desirable to have a high capacity. Therefore, it is preferable to use metallic lithium, silicon or an alloy-based negative electrode containing tin and lithium.
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in this example.
- the detailed description is abbreviate
- FIG. 5 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in this example.
- the detailed description is abbreviate
- the ion supply unit 31 provides a non-dissolving conductive portion 34 in a portion interposed between the ion supply portion 31 and the positive electrode foil 12 so as to establish an electrical connection with the positive electrode foil 12. It is a configuration to ensure stable.
- the coating portion 33 partially covers the ion source 32 to maintain the contact between the ion source 32 and the electrolytic solution in a non-contact state, and dissolves at a reaction potential.
- the covering portion 33 covers the remaining exposed portion of the outer surface of the ion source 32 which is exposed without being covered by the conduction portion 34.
- Conductor 34 is interposed between ion source 32 and positive electrode foil 12 to electrically connect ion source 32 and positive electrode foil 12, and has a reaction potential higher than the reaction potential of coating portion 33.
- Conducting portion 34 stably secures an electrical connection between ion supply source 32 and positive electrode foil 12 without dissolving even when the potential is raised to reach the reaction potential of covering portion 33.
- the conductive portion 34 uses an aluminum foil constituting the positive electrode foil 12.
- the ion supply unit 31 presses and adheres the ion supply source 32 to the conduction unit 34, and then vacuum deposits silver on the exposed portion of the ion supply source 32 to form a covering layer which is the covering unit 33. can get.
- the ion supply unit 31 fixes the conductive unit 34 in close contact with the positive electrode foil 12 and electrically contacts it. Then, the initial charge up to about 3.6 V, which is lower than the oxidation reaction potential of silver (3.8 V), is performed at 60 ° C. for 2 days for storage in a high temperature environment so that the coating layer does not dissolve at the time of initial charge Storage was done.
- the coating layer was dissolved by charging to 4.1 V higher than the oxidation reaction potential of silver to expose the ion supply source 32, and the ion supply unit 31 was operated. As a result, it does not reach the state with the capacity deterioration shown in FIG. 4 and can be made into the state without the capacity deterioration shown in FIG. 3 and the capacity deterioration due to side reaction progressing by storage under relatively high temperature environment It was possible to eliminate it.
- the aluminum foil which is stable in the environment in which the positive electrode 11 is located is formed as a conducting portion 34 in a portion in contact with the positive electrode 11, and current conduction with the positive electrode 11 is favorably performed.
- the amount of the covering portion 33 in the battery C1 can be reduced as compared with the first embodiment.
- FIG. 6 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing another configuration example of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in the present embodiment.
- the ion supply part 31 can also be created by performing two-stage electrolytic plating or electroless plating using the conducting part 34 and the covering part 33.
- an aluminum layer which is the conductive portion 34, is formed in advance on the outer surface of the ion supply source 32 by first-stage electrolysis or electroless plating, and pits communicated with the ion supply source 32 at that time.
- pin holes are formed in the aluminum layer.
- the ion supply unit 31 can be formed by forming the covering layer 33 by the second-stage electrolysis or electroless plating so that the pits or pinholes formed in the aluminum layer are closed by the covering portion 33. it can. According to this, the amount of the covering portion 33 in the battery C1 can be further reduced, which is more preferable.
- FIG. 7 is a view showing still another specific example in the present embodiment.
- a part of the surface of the ion supply source 32 is covered with the soluble covering unit 33, and the surface on the positive electrode foil 12 side is a conductive unit having conductivity such as aluminum. Covered with 34 The other exposed portion is covered with a non-dissolvable covering portion (second covering portion) 35 such as a resin sheet or adhesive resin tape.
- a part of the surface of the ion source 32 is coated with the soluble coating 33, and the remaining portion is coated with the conducting portion 34 and the non-soluble coating 35.
- the coating portion 35 partially covers the ion source 32 to maintain the contact between the ion source 32 and the electrolytic solution in a non-contact state, and of the soluble coating portion (first coating portion) 33. It has a reaction potential higher than the reaction potential.
- the covering portion 35 is made of resin.
- the amount of the covering portion 33 in the battery C1 can be reduced, which is more preferable. Moreover, compared with the specific example shown in FIG. 7, the large installation of a plating apparatus etc. is made unnecessary, and it can manufacture easily.
- the surface of the ion supply source 32 such as metal lithium is covered with the covering portion 33, the conducting portion 34 and the like, and is protected from the outside. Therefore, the reactivity with, for example, oxygen and moisture is lower than in a state where the surface of the ion supply source 32 such as metal lithium is exposed, and it is preferable because it is easy to handle.
- Example 3 will be described using FIG. 8. This Example is the same as Example 1 except for the configuration of the ion supply unit.
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in the present example.
- the detailed description is abbreviate
- FIG. 8 is a cross-sectional view schematically showing the configuration of the positive electrode and the ion supply unit in the present example.
- the detailed description is abbreviate
- a characteristic feature of this embodiment is that the ion source 32 and the positive electrode foil 12 are interposed between the ion source 32 and the positive electrode foil 12 to electrically connect the ion source 32 and the positive electrode foil 12 with each other during overcharge. It is that the electrolytic covering portion (first covering portion) 36 which decomposes and disappears is provided.
- the coating portion 36 was configured using a mixture of lithium carbonate and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) as a positive electrode binder.
- Lithium carbonate is generally used as a battery internal pressure raising agent that generates carbon dioxide gas by electrolyzing during overcharge in a lithium ion secondary battery.
- the ion supply source 32 and the positive electrode foil 12 are separated by the highly resistant lithium carbonate coating layer 36, and the side reaction of the negative electrode 21 proceeds to cause the positive electrode potential to react.
- the covering layer 36 is electrolyzed and disappears, whereby the positive electrode foil 12 and the ion supply source 32 can be brought into contact to operate the ion supply unit 31. Therefore, the capacity deterioration due to the side reaction of the negative electrode 21 can be eliminated.
- an unnecessary increase in internal pressure of the battery C1 can be achieved without making the amount of lithium carbonate electrolyzed excessive. It can prevent.
- the coating layer 36 is not limited to the configuration provided over the entire surface between the positive electrode foil 12 and the ion supply source 32, and the adhesion between the positive electrode foil 12 and the ion supply source 32 is For example, as shown in FIG. 9, it may be provided in an island shape with a preset interval, as long as it is secured. Thus, by providing the covering layer 36 in an island shape, the amount of lithium carbonate in the battery C1 can be reduced, which is more preferable.
- the coating layer 36 having a high resistance and an oxidation reaction potential higher than the potential shown by the positive electrode 11 in the uncharged state electrically separates the positive electrode 11 from the ion supply source 32. It is preferable because it is not generated and the surface of the ion source 32 does not have to be densely covered.
- oxides such as lithium carbonate, lithium oxide, lithium peroxide, manganese dioxide and the like, and carbonates can be used.
- lithium carbonate is known as an additive which, in combination with the current blocking means, ensures current blocking in response to an increase in internal pressure
- lithium oxide or lithium peroxide is a product in a lithium air battery, It is preferable because it can stably exist in the battery.
- the present example is the same as Example 1 except for the configuration of the positive electrode mixture layer 13.
- LiFePO 4 is used as the positive electrode active material of the battery C1
- 10 wt% of acetylene black is added as a conductive agent
- 7.5 wt% of modified polyacrylonitrile is added as a binder
- N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone is added thereto, and mixed
- the slurry of the positive electrode mixture was prepared.
- the positive electrode 11 in the present embodiment exhibits 3.0 to 3.1 V in the uncharged state on the basis of metallic lithium.
- the potential is raised to about 4.1 to 4.3 V and used at the time of charging.
- the ion source having the configuration shown in FIG. 2 was adhered to the exposed portion of the positive electrode foil 12 with an electrolytic tape. Thereby, unlike the case where metal lithium is simply added to the positive electrode, the positive electrode does not overdischarge before the initial charge, and the initial irreversible capacity of the negative electrode is obtained by causing the reaction between the positive electrode and metal lithium during the initial charge. It was possible to eliminate it.
- LiFePO 4 is represented by the general formula LiMPO 4 (M includes at least one of Fe, Mn, Co, and Ni), is a positive electrode active material called olivine-type lithium phosphate, and has high overcharge resistance Are known.
- the battery C1 is intentionally overcharged. This is preferable because deterioration of the battery C1 and abnormal heat generation when the ion supply unit 31 is operated can be suppressed.
- FIG. 10 is a system configuration diagram of a control system of a lithium ion secondary battery
- FIG. 11 is a flowchart showing a control algorithm.
- the control system of the lithium ion secondary battery C1 has a controller 106 and a charge / discharge control device 100, as shown in FIG.
- the charge and discharge control device 100 includes a battery information acquisition unit 102, a deterioration state determination unit 103, an overcharge control unit 104, a control signal transmission unit 105, and a display unit 107.
- the battery information acquisition unit 102 acquires charge / discharge information of the lithium ion secondary battery C1, and the deterioration state determination unit 103 requires the operation of the ion supply unit 31 based on the state of capacity deterioration of the lithium ion secondary battery C1. Decide no.
- the overcharge control unit 104 determines the overcharge upper limit voltage and the overcharge holding time.
- the control signal transmission unit 105 transmits control information of the overcharge control unit 104 to the controller 106, and the display unit displays information on overcharge control.
- the controller 106 controls the lithium ion secondary battery to the overcharged state based on the control information of the overcharge control unit 104.
- charge / discharge information of the lithium ion secondary battery C1 is acquired by the battery information acquisition unit 302 (step S111). Then, the state of capacity deterioration of the lithium ion secondary battery C1 is determined by the deterioration state determination unit 103 (step S112), and it is determined whether it is necessary to supply lithium ions to the positive electrode 11 (step S113).
- the overcharge control unit 104 controls the overcharge upper limit voltage and the overcharge to control the lithium ion secondary battery C1 to the overcharge state.
- the holding time is determined (step S114).
- control information is transmitted to the controller 106 by communication with the upper system by the control signal transmission unit 105 (step S115).
- the controller 106 controls the battery C ⁇ b> 1 to an overcharged state to supply ions to the positive electrode 11.
- the overcharge control unit 104 transmits information on the overcharge control to the display unit 307, and transmits the information to a host system or a user by displaying the information.
- the control method shown in this embodiment it is possible to control the operation of the ion supply unit 31 more precisely.
- the upper limit value of the working potential of the positive electrode is estimated when the battery capacity falls below a preset value or the charge / discharge range of the positive and negative electrodes is estimated from the analysis of charge / discharge curves. It is good to assume that the value set in advance is exceeded.
- the olivine material used for the positive electrode in Example 4 is known to be a material excellent in stability at the time of overcharge, and is a material for which the control method shown in this Example can be easily used.
- the upper limit voltage of overcharge output by the overcharge control unit 104 is stepwise By raising it, it can divide
- one ion supply unit 31 is provided on the positive electrode tab 12 a of the positive electrode foil 12.
- a plurality of ion supply units 31 are provided on the surface of the positive electrode foil 12 at predetermined intervals in the winding axis direction.
- FIG. 13 shows a diagram in which the ion supply part is dispersed and disposed only on a part of the surface of the positive electrode 100 in order to avoid complexity, it may be disposed in the positive electrode or on the entire surface.
- the coated portion covering the surface of the ion source functions as a potential barrier film, prevents the reaction between metallic lithium and the positive electrode in the uncharged state, and causes the positive electrode to be in the overdischarged state. There is no need to make it happen.
- the coated part dissolves or disappears, and the ion source is electrically connected to the positive electrode and exposed in the electrolyte to be in contact with the ion source and the positive electrode. It is possible to start the reaction of
- SYMBOLS 1 battery can 2 gasket 3 upper lid 5 positive electrode current collector plate 6 negative electrode current collector plate 7 axial core 8 electrode group 11 positive electrode 12 positive electrode foil 13 positive electrode mixture layer 21 negative electrode 22 negative electrode foil 23 negative electrode mixture layer 31 ion supply portion 32 ion Supply source 33 Soluble coating 34 Conduction 35 Non-soluble coating 36 Electrolytic coating 100 Charge / discharge control device 102 Battery information acquisition unit 103 Deterioration state judgment unit 104 Overcharge control unit 105 Control signal transmission unit 106 Controller 107 Display section C1 Lithium ion secondary battery
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Description
本実施例は、イオン供給部の構成を除いて、実施例1と同様である。
2 ガスケット
3 上蓋部
5 正極集電板
6 負極集電板
7 軸芯
8 電極群
11 正極
12 正極箔
13 正極合剤層
21 負極
22 負極箔
23 負極合剤層
31 イオン供給部
32 イオン供給源
33 溶解性の被覆部
34 導通部
35 非溶解性の被覆部
36 電気分解性の被覆部
100 充放電制御装置
102 電池情報取得部
103 劣化状態判定部
104 過充電制御部
105 制御信号送信部
106 コントローラ
107 表示部
C1 リチウムイオン二次電池
Claims (15)
- 正極と負極と電解質とを含み、前記正極または前記負極から前記電解質中へイオンを放出する、あるいは、吸蔵する反応を繰り返して充放電する非水系二次電池であって、
前記正極の未充電電位よりも高い反応電位で前記電解質中に前記イオンと同種のイオンを供給するイオン供給部を有することを特徴とする非水系二次電池。 - 前記イオン供給部は、
前記正極に電気的に接続された状態で前記電解質に接触することにより前記電解質中に前記イオンと同種のイオンを溶出するイオン供給源と、
該イオン供給源の少なくとも一部を被覆し、前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間に介在されて前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間を電気的に非接続な状態と、前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間に介在されて前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間を非接触な状態の少なくとも一方の状態に保持し、前記反応電位で溶解もしくは消失する第1の被覆部と、
を有することを特徴とする請求項1に記載の非水系二次電池。 - 前記第1の被覆部は、前記イオン供給源の全面を被覆して、前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間を電気的に接続し、かつ、前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間を非接触な状態に保持し、前記反応電位で溶解することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記イオン供給部は、前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間に介在されて前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間を電気的に接続し、前記被覆部の反応電位よりも高い反応電位を有する導通部を有し、
前記第1の被覆部は、前記イオン供給源を部分的に被覆して、前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間を非接触な状態に保持し、前記反応電位で溶解することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の非水系二次電池。 - 前記イオン供給部は、前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間に介在されて前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間を電気的に接続し、前記第1の被覆部の反応電位よりも高い反応電位を有する導通部と、
前記イオン供給源を部分的に被覆して、前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間を非接触な状態に保持し、前記第1の被覆部の反応電位よりも高い反応電位を有する第2の被覆部を有し、
前記第1の被覆部は、前記イオン供給源を部分的に被覆して、前記イオン供給源と前記電解質との間を非接触な状態に保持し、前記反応電位で溶解することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の非水系二次電池。 - 前記イオン供給源は、表面の一部が前記第1被覆部に被覆され、残りの部分は前記導通部および前記第2の被覆部で被覆されることを特徴とする請求項5に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記第1の被覆部は、金属からなることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記イオン供給源が金属リチウムであることを特徴とする請求項2から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記イオン供給源がシリコンまたはスズとリチウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項2から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記導通部が、アルミニウムを含むことを特徴とする請求項4から請求項6のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記第2の被覆部が、樹脂からなることを特徴とする請求項5または6に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記第1の被覆部は、前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間に介在されて前記イオン供給源と前記正極との間を電気的に非接続な状態とし、前記反応電位で電気分解して消失することを特徴とする請求項2に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記正極は、リチウムを含む酸化物を正極活物質とし、集電体である正極箔の両面に塗布されたものであり、
前記負極は、炭素系材料を負極活物質とし、集電体である負極箔の両面に塗布されたものであり、
前記電解質は、リチウムを含む塩を溶解させた有機電解液であり、
前記イオン供給源は、リチウムを含む材料であることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項12のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。 - 前記正極は、化学式LiMPO4(Mは少なくともFe,Mn,Co,Niを含む)で表される正極活物質を有することを特徴とする請求項1から請求項13のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池。
- 前記非水系二次電池の電池容量の劣化をトリガーとして前記非水系二次電池を過充電状態に制御し、前記イオン供給部を作動させることを特徴とする請求項1から請求項14のいずれか一項に記載の非水系二次電池を用いた電池制御システム。
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| PCT/JP2012/073276 WO2014041622A1 (ja) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | 非水系二次電池及び電池制御システム |
| US14/427,303 US9722284B2 (en) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | Nonaqueous secondary battery and battery control system |
| JP2014535272A JP5997284B2 (ja) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | 非水系二次電池及び電池制御システム |
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| PCT/JP2012/073276 WO2014041622A1 (ja) | 2012-09-12 | 2012-09-12 | 非水系二次電池及び電池制御システム |
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| KR102855157B1 (ko) * | 2019-10-02 | 2025-09-03 | 현대자동차주식회사 | 리튬 공기전지 패키지 |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
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| US9722284B2 (en) | 2017-08-01 |
| US20150270583A1 (en) | 2015-09-24 |
| JP5997284B2 (ja) | 2016-09-28 |
| JPWO2014041622A1 (ja) | 2016-08-12 |
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