WO2013100200A1 - 方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 - Google Patents
方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013100200A1 WO2013100200A1 PCT/JP2012/084307 JP2012084307W WO2013100200A1 WO 2013100200 A1 WO2013100200 A1 WO 2013100200A1 JP 2012084307 W JP2012084307 W JP 2012084307W WO 2013100200 A1 WO2013100200 A1 WO 2013100200A1
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/147—Alloys characterised by their composition
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
- C21D1/38—Heating by cathodic discharges
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D8/00—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment
- C21D8/12—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties
- C21D8/1294—Modifying the physical properties by deformation combined with, or followed by, heat treatment during manufacturing of articles with special electromagnetic properties involving a localized treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/02—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing silicon
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/04—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing manganese
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C38/00—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys
- C22C38/60—Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel alloys containing lead, selenium, tellurium, or antimony, or more than 0.04% by weight of sulfur
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F1/00—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties
- H01F1/01—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials
- H01F1/03—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity
- H01F1/12—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials
- H01F1/14—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys
- H01F1/16—Magnets or magnetic bodies characterised by the magnetic materials therefor; Selection of materials for their magnetic properties of inorganic materials characterised by their coercivity of soft-magnetic materials metals or alloys in the form of sheets
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D1/00—General methods or devices for heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering
- C21D1/34—Methods of heating
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D2201/00—Treatment for obtaining particular effects
- C21D2201/05—Grain orientation
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet used for applications such as transformer iron cores and a method for producing the same, and in particular, aims to simultaneously improve iron loss and noise.
- Flux density is capable of improving by integrated the crystal orientation of the steel sheet to Goss orientation, for example, Patent Document 1, a manufacturing method of the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a magnetic flux density B 8 of greater than 1.97T is disclosed ing.
- Non-Patent Document 1 the iron loss, high purity materials, the highly oriented, sheet thickness reduction, Si, improved by the Al addition and magnetic domain refining are possible (e.g., Non-Patent Document 1) are generally high magnetic flux density B 8 The iron loss tends to deteriorate as the value increases.
- Patent Document 2 a magnetic domain refinement technique by improving film tension (for example, Patent Document 2) or introducing thermal strain is used.
- the method for improving the film tension as shown in Patent Document 2 has a limit in increasing the effect of reducing the iron loss because the applied strain is small in the vicinity of the elastic region.
- Patent Document 3 discloses a method of manufacturing an electrical steel sheet having an iron loss with W 17/50 being less than 0.8 W / kg by electron beam irradiation. Electron beam irradiation is extremely useful for reducing iron loss. It turns out that it is a technique.
- Patent Document 4 discloses a method for reducing iron loss by laser irradiation.
- Patent Document 5 reports that a hardened region generated in a steel sheet by laser irradiation or the like hinders domain wall movement and increases hysteresis loss. Therefore, in order to reduce the iron loss to the maximum, it is necessary to suppress an increase in the hysteresis loss while reducing the eddy current loss.
- Patent Document 5 discloses a technique for enhancing the effect of reducing eddy current loss and reducing iron loss by optimizing the integral value of compressive residual stress in the rolling direction in a cross section perpendicular to the sheet width direction. ing.
- Japanese Patent No. 4123679 Japanese Patent Publication No. 2-8027 Japanese Examined Patent Publication No. 7-65106 Japanese Patent Publication No. 3-13293 Japanese Patent No. 4344264 JP 2008-106288 A Japanese Patent No. 3500103
- Patent Document 5 According to the methods for reducing iron loss shown in the prior art (Patent Document 5 and Patent Document 6), it is possible to reduce hysteresis loss and eddy current loss, respectively, but it is difficult to simultaneously reduce noise. It was.
- the residual stress distribution shown in Patent Document 6 is composed of a strong rolling direction tensile stress in the vicinity of the laser-irradiated surface of the steel sheet and a slightly strong rolling direction compressive stress inside the sheet thickness direction. When tensile and compressive stresses exist simultaneously, the steel sheet is easily deformed so as to eliminate these stresses.
- the present inventors have optimized the strain distribution of tension and compression generated in a steel sheet when a high energy beam is introduced for magnetic domain fragmentation. Therefore, we thought that both low iron loss and low noise could be achieved.
- the compressive strain in the rolling direction is preferably present more in order to stabilize the reflux magnetic domain and enhance the magnetic domain fragmentation effect.
- the tensile strain in the rolling direction not only destabilizes the reflux magnetic domain, but is excessively large with respect to the compressive strain. Less is preferred because it significantly degrades noise.
- the compressive strain (or compressive stress) in the rolling direction coexists with the strong tensile strain (or tensile stress) in the compressive direction or the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- the strong tensile strain (or tensile stress) in the compressive direction or the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction For example, in the stress distribution in the rolling direction shown in FIG. 2 of Patent Document 6, a very large tensile stress of 40 kgf / mm 2 , which is nearly twice as large as the compressive stress: 22 kgf / mm 2 , is formed. This tensile stress is presumed to have occurred because the surface layer portion of the steel sheet irradiated with laser or the like is heated to maintain the state of thermal expansion in the rolling direction even after cooling. As shown in FIG.
- the inventors of the present invention are able to suppress the expansion in the rolling direction by adjusting the irradiation conditions of the laser and the electron beam with respect to the above-described expansion direction, and to expand in the plate thickness direction, and in turn compressive strain in the rolling direction.
- the tensile strain can be reduced and a strain distribution advantageous for low iron loss and low noise can be formed.
- the inventors adjust the beam diameter within an appropriate range according to the scanning speed of a high-energy beam such as a heat ray, a light beam, or a particle beam, The knowledge that the tensile strain in the thickness direction can be increased was obtained.
- the present invention is based on the above findings.
- the gist configuration of the present invention is as follows. 1.
- a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet having a reflux magnetic domain formed linearly across the rolling direction in the rolling direction the strain distribution in the cross section in the rolling direction of the region where the reflux magnetic domain is formed
- the maximum tensile strain is 0.45% or less
- the maximum tensile strain t (%) in the rolling direction and the maximum compressive strain c (%) are expressed by the following formula (1).
- the surface scanning speed v (on the steel sheet at a periodic interval of 10 mm or less in the rolling direction in an angle direction within 30 ° from the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction.
- m / s) and beam diameter d ( ⁇ m) are given by the following formula (2) 200 ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ v 2 + 6.4 ⁇ v + 190 ⁇ (2) 2.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet according to the present invention has extremely low iron loss and noise, when applied to a transformer core or the like, it is possible to produce a transformer that has high energy use efficiency and can be used in various environments. It is extremely useful in industry. And by using this invention steel plate, not only can transformer iron loss W17 / 50 be 0.90 W / kg or less, but also noise can be made less than 45 dBA (background noise 30 dBA).
- the present invention will be specifically described below.
- the present invention is applied to a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet, and the steel sheet may or may not have a coating such as an insulating coating on the ground iron.
- the steel sheets to be laminated are insulated.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet has periodically the reflux magnetic domains formed linearly in the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction by the manufacturing method described below.
- the maximum tensile strain in the thickness direction is 0.45% or less
- the maximum tensile strain t (%) in the rolling direction and the maximum compressive strain c. (%) Is the following formula (1) t + 0.06 ⁇ t + c ⁇ 0.35 --- (1) Satisfies the relationship.
- the strain distribution in the rolling direction cross section can be measured by, for example, X-ray diffraction or EBSD-wilkson method.
- the present inventors changed the beam irradiation conditions, produced steel plates having various strain distributions, and investigated the relationship between the strain in the steel plate, iron loss, and noise, and as a result, found the following. .
- the transformer iron loss W 17/50 has a maximum tensile strain in the plate thickness direction of 0.45% or less and a maximum compressive strain c in the rolling direction of 0.06% or more. In this case, it was 0.90 W / kg or less.
- the maximum compressive strain c in the rolling direction is smaller than 0.06%, the magnetic domain refinement effect is excessively small and the effect of reducing iron loss (eddy current loss) is small.
- the maximum tensile strain in the plate thickness direction exceeds 0.45%, excessive strain is generated, so that dislocations are introduced and hysteresis loss is deteriorated, so iron loss is not sufficiently reduced.
- the iron loss is increased by increasing the maximum compressive strain c in the rolling direction from the viewpoint of reducing eddy current loss, and by decreasing the maximum tensile strain in the thickness direction from the viewpoint of suppressing increase in hysteresis loss. Optimization is possible.
- the transformer noise is less than 45 dB if the sum of the maximum tensile strain t and the maximum compressive strain c in the rolling direction is t + c ⁇ 0.35%.
- t + c> 0.35% strong tensile stress in the rolling direction, strong compressive stress, or both exist, but in this case, as shown in FIG. Since the steel sheet is easily deformed, when it is used as a transformer core, in addition to the deformation of the iron core due to the expansion and contraction of the crystal lattice, a deformation mode that releases internal stress is added during excitation, resulting in high noise. It is considered to be.
- an electron beam As an irradiation condition of a high energy beam, that is, a heat beam, a light beam, or a particle beam, an electron beam will be described below, but the basic concept is the same for other irradiation conditions such as laser irradiation and plasma flame irradiation.
- the grain-oriented electrical steel sheet of the present invention can be produced by irradiating an electron beam in an angle direction of 30 ° or less from the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction so as to cross the rolling direction of the steel sheet.
- the beam scanning from one end to the other end of the steel plate is repeated with an interval of 2 to 10 mm in the rolling direction. If this interval is excessively short, the productivity will be excessively reduced, so that it is preferable to set the distance to 2 mm or more. On the other hand, if it is excessively long, the magnetic domain fragmentation effect is not sufficiently exhibited, so that it is preferable to set it to 10 mm or less.
- irradiation may be performed using a plurality of irradiation sources.
- the irradiation time is often performed along a scanning line so as to repeat a long time (s 1 ) and a short time (s 2 ) as shown in FIG.
- the repeated distance period (hereinafter referred to as dot pitch) is preferably 0.6 mm or less. Normally, s 2 is sufficiently short with respect to s 1 and can be ignored, so the reciprocal of s 1 may be used as the irradiation frequency. If the dot pitch is larger than 0.6 mm, the area irradiated with sufficient energy is reduced, and a sufficient magnetic domain refinement effect cannot be obtained.
- the scanning speed of the irradiated portion on the steel plate is preferably 100 m / s or less.
- the scanning speed is increased, it is necessary to increase the energy irradiated per unit time in order to irradiate energy necessary to subdivide the magnetic domains.
- the scanning speed is 10 m / s or more.
- the beam diameter d ( ⁇ m) needs to satisfy the following equation (2) as the beam profile of the electron beam. 200 ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ v 2 + 6.4 ⁇ v + 190 ⁇ (2)
- v (m / s) is the scanning speed of the electron beam on the steel plate surface. If the beam diameter is smaller than 200 ⁇ m, the energy density of the beam becomes excessively high, distortion increases, and hysteresis loss and noise deteriorate.
- the beam diameter is excessively large, in the case of dot-shaped irradiation, as schematically shown in FIG. 5, the overlapping area of beam spots irradiated for a long time increases, or continuous beam irradiation occurs.
- the beam irradiation time (rolling direction beam diameter / beam scanning speed) at a point on the beam scanning line becomes excessively long. Therefore, the beam diameter is ( ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ v 2 + 6.4 ⁇ v + 190) ⁇ m or less.
- the detailed mechanism is unknown, but if the irradiation is performed for a long time, the expansion region of the steel sheet expands in the in-plane direction due to thermal diffusion, or after the beam irradiation, the tensile residual strain in the rolling direction also increases. Noise characteristics deteriorate. Therefore, when the beam diameter is large, it is preferable to increase the scanning speed.
- the present inventors investigated the relationship between the beam diameter and (t + c). As shown in FIG. 6, when the beam diameter is ( ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ v 2 + 6.4 ⁇ v + 190) ⁇ m or less, It was found that (t + c) after irradiation can be suppressed. Therefore, in the present invention, the surface scanning speed v (m / s) and the beam diameter d ( ⁇ m) are expressed by the following equation (2). 200 ⁇ d ⁇ ⁇ 0.04 ⁇ v 2 + 6.4 ⁇ v + 190 ⁇ (2) It was decided to satisfy this relationship.
- the electron beam profile was measured by a known slit method.
- the slit width was adjusted to 30 ⁇ m, and the half width of the obtained beam profile was taken as the beam diameter.
- other irradiation energy and the like have been adjusted as appropriate based on conventional knowledge because the adjustment range and appropriate values differ depending on conditions such as WD (Working Distance) and vacuum degree.
- the beam diameter was the half width of the beam profile obtained by the knife edge method.
- the outer shape of the model transformer transformer is a steel plate having a 500 mm square and a width of 100 mm.
- the steel sheet is bevel-cut into the shape shown in FIG. 7, and the stacking thickness is about 15 mm and the iron core weight is about 20 kg, so that the steel sheet having a thickness of 0.23 mm is 70 sheets, the steel sheet having a thickness of 0.27 mm is 60 sheets, 80 sheets of 0.20 mm thick steel plates are laminated.
- the longitudinal direction of the sample subjected to oblique shearing was set to be the rolling direction.
- the laminating method was two-layered 5-step step lap stacking. Specifically, as the central leg member (shape B), one type of symmetrical member (B-1) and two types of asymmetrical members (B-2, B-3) (in reality, three types) Using asymmetric members (five kinds by turning over B-2 and B-3), the actual stacking method is, for example, “B-3” “B-2” “B-1” “B-2 inversion” “B -3 inversion ".
- the iron cores were stacked on a flat surface, and sandwiched with a bakelite holding plate with a load of about 0.1 MPa and fixed. The three phases were excited by shifting the phase by 120 °, and the iron loss and noise were measured at a magnetic flux density of 1.7 T. Noise was measured with a microphone at a position (2 places) 20 cm away from the iron core surface and expressed in dBA units with A scale correction.
- Component composition of the material examples include the following elements.
- Si 2.0 to 8.0 mass%
- Si is an element effective for increasing the electrical resistance of steel and improving iron loss.
- the content is less than 2.0% by mass, a sufficient iron loss reducing effect cannot be achieved. If it exceeds 0% by mass, the workability is remarkably reduced and the magnetic flux density is also reduced. Therefore, the Si content is preferably in the range of 2.0 to 8.0% by mass.
- C 50 mass ppm or less C is added to improve the hot-rolled sheet structure, but it is preferable to reduce C to 50 mass ppm or less where magnetic aging does not occur in the final product.
- Mn 0.005 to 1.0 mass% Mn is an element necessary for improving the hot workability, but if the content is less than 0.005% by mass, the effect of addition is poor, whereas if it exceeds 1.0% by mass, the magnetic flux density of the product plate Therefore, the amount of Mn is preferably in the range of 0.005 to 1.0% by mass.
- Ni 0.03-1.50% by mass
- Sn 0.01-1.50% by mass
- Sb 0.005-1.50% by mass
- Cu 0.03-3.0% by mass
- P At least one selected from 0.03 to 0.50 mass%
- Mo 0.005 to 0.10 mass%
- Cr 0.03 to 1.50 mass%
- Ni improves the hot rolled sheet structure
- the content is less than 0.03% by mass
- the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small.
- it exceeds 1.50% by mass the secondary recrystallization becomes unstable and the magnetic properties deteriorate.
- the Ni content is preferably in the range of 0.03 to 1.50 mass%.
- Sn, Sb, Cu, P, Mo, and Cr are elements that are useful for improving the magnetic properties, but if any of them does not satisfy the lower limit of each component, the effect of improving the magnetic properties is small. If the upper limit amount of each component is exceeded, the development of secondary recrystallized grains is hindered. The balance other than the above components is inevitable impurities and Fe mixed in the manufacturing process.
- Electron beam, sample laser irradiation in this embodiment, SST rolling direction B 8 were measured in (veneer magnetic tester) is 1.95T from 1.91 T, iron loss was measured in the model transformer W 17 / 50 is 1.01 to 1.03 W / kg, and is a grain-oriented electrical steel sheet with a coating.
- a steel sheet with a coating has a two-layer coating on the surface of the ground iron: a glassy coating composed mainly of Mg 2 SiO 4 and a coating (phosphate coating) on which an inorganic treatment solution is baked. It has a structure to do.
- the electron beam and laser irradiation scanning was performed in a direction perpendicular to the rolling direction of the steel sheet, linearly across the entire width across the steel sheet, and at a periodic interval of 5 mm in the rolling direction.
- laser irradiation was performed using a continuous wave fiber laser device, and the laser wavelength was near infrared light of about 1 ⁇ m.
- the beam diameter in the rolling direction and the direction perpendicular to the rolling direction are the same.
- the electron beam irradiation was performed at an acceleration voltage of 60 kV, a dot pitch of 0.01 to 0.40 mm, a shortest distance from the center of the focusing coil to the irradiated material: 700 mm, and a processing chamber pressure of 0.5 Pa or less.
- the strain distribution in the cross section in the rolling direction is shown in CrossCourt Ver. It was measured by the EBSD-wilkinson method using 3.0 (manufactured by BLG Products Bristol).
- the measurement visual field was in the range of (rolling direction 600 ⁇ m or more ⁇ total thickness), and the center of the laser and electron beam irradiation was placed at the approximate center of the measurement visual field.
- the measurement pitch was 5 ⁇ m, and the position within the same grain that was 50 ⁇ m away from the corner of the measurement field was selected as the undistorted reference point. The obtained results are shown in Table 1.
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Description
しかしながら、特許文献2に示されるような被膜張力の向上方法は、付与する歪みが弾性域近傍と小さいため、鉄損の低減効果の増大には限界がある。
例えば、特許文献3には、電子ビーム照射によってW17/50が0.8W/kgを下回る鉄損を有する電磁鋼板の製造方法が開示されており、電子ビーム照射は極めて有用な低鉄損化手法であることが分かる。
また、特許文献4には、レーザ照射によって、鉄損を低減する方法が開示されている。
例えば、特許文献5には、レーザ照射などによって鋼板に生じる硬化領域が、磁壁移動を妨害して、ヒステリシス損を高くすると報告されている。従って、鉄損を最大限低減するためには、渦電流損を下げながらも、ヒステリシス損の増大を抑制することが必要である。
例えば、特許文献5では、レーザ出力やスポット径比を調整することにより、レーザ走査方向と直角方向の、レーザ照射によって硬化する領域を0.6mm以下に縮小させ、照射によるヒステリシス損の増大を抑制することで、鉄損の一層の低減を図っている。
また、特許文献6には、板幅方向に垂直な断面における圧延方向の圧縮残留応力の積分値を適正化することによって、渦電流損の低減効果を高め、低鉄損化する技術が開示されている。
例えば、特許文献6に示された、残留応力分布は、鋼板のレーザ照射面近傍の強い圧延方向引張応力とその板厚方向内部のやや強い圧延方向圧縮応力とからなるが、このように圧延方向の引張と圧縮の応力が同時に存在すると、これらの応力を解消するように鋼板が変形しやすくなる。そうすると、このような方向性電磁鋼板を組み合わせて作製される変圧器は、励磁時に、結晶格子の伸縮に伴う鉄心の変形に加えて、内部応力を解放するような鉄心の変形モードが付加されるため、騒音が大きくなる。
圧延方向の圧縮歪みは、還流磁区を安定化し、磁区細分化効果を高めるため、より多く存在することが好ましい。しかし、一方で、圧延方向の引張歪みは、還流磁区を逆に不安定化するだけでなく、圧縮歪みに対して過度に大きな歪みであると、鋼板に反りなどの変形を与えやすく、変圧器騒音を著しく劣化させるため、より少ないことが好ましい。
また、本発明者らは、上記した膨張の方向に影響を与える条件として、熱線や光線、粒子線ビームなどの高エネルギビームの走査速度に応じてビーム径を適正範囲内に調整することによって、板厚方向の引張歪みを大きくできることの知見を得た。
本発明は、上記の知見に立脚するものである。
1.圧延方向を横切るように線状に形成された還流磁区を、圧延方向に周期的に有する方向性電磁鋼板において、上記還流磁区が形成された領域の圧延方向断面における歪み分布について、板厚方向の最大引張歪みが0.45%以下で、かつ圧延方向の最大引張歪みt(%)と最大圧縮歪みc(%)とが、次式(1)
t+0.06≦t+c≦0.35 −−−(1)
の関係を満たすことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。
200≦d≦−0.04×v2+6.4×v+190 −−−(2)
の関係を満足する条件で高エネルギビームを照射することを特徴とする、前記1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
そして、本発明鋼板を使用することにより、変圧器鉄損W17/50を0.90W/kg以下にすることができるだけでなく、騒音を45dBA未満(暗騒音30dBA)にすることができる。
[方向性電磁鋼板]
本発明は、方向性電磁鋼板に適用され、鋼板としては、地鉄の上に絶縁被膜などのコーティングを備えていても、いなくてもいずれでも良い。ただし、変圧器鉄損、騒音を測定する際には、積層する鋼板の間が絶縁されるようにする。
さらに、本方向性電磁鋼板は、以下に示す製造方法などによって、圧延直角方向に線状に形成された還流磁区を、圧延方向に周期的に有するものである。
t+0.06≦t+c≦0.35 −−−(1)
の関係を満足するものである。
なお、圧延方向断面の歪み分布は、例えばX線回折や、EBSD−wilkinson法によって測定することができる。
(I)図1に示すように、変圧器鉄損W17/50は、板厚方向の最大引張歪みが0.45%以下で、かつ圧延方向の最大圧縮歪みcが0.06%以上の場合に、0.90W/kg以下となった。圧延方向の最大圧縮歪みcが0.06%よりも小さい場合には、磁区細分化効果が過度に小さく鉄損(渦電流損)の低減効果が小さい。一方、板厚方向の最大引張歪みが0.45%を超えるときは、過度な歪みが生成することにより、転位などが導入されて、ヒステリシス損が劣化するために、鉄損は十分に低減しない。
上記のように、鉄損は、渦電流損低減の観点からは、圧延方向の最大圧縮歪みcを大きくし、ヒステリシス損増大抑制の観点からは、板厚方向の最大引張歪みを小さくすることによって、適正化が可能である。
なお、前述したとおり、低鉄損を達成する圧延方向の最大圧縮歪みcの条件は、
0.06≦c、従ってt+0.06≦t+c
であるため、次式(1)
t+0.06≦t+c≦0.35 −−−(1)
の関係を満足することが、低鉄損と低騒音を両立させる条件となる。
本発明の方向性電磁鋼板は、鋼板の圧延方向を横切るように、好ましくは圧延直角方向から30°以下の角度方向に、電子ビームを照射することによって製造することができる。この鋼板の一端から他端までのビーム走査は、圧延方向に2~10mmの間隔をおきながら繰り返し行う。この間隔が過度に短いと、生産性が過度に低下してしまうため、2mm以上とするのが好ましい。一方、過度に長いと、磁区細分化効果が十分発揮されないため、10mm以下とするのが好適である。
なお、照射する材料の幅が広すぎる場合には、複数の照射源を用いて照射しても良い。
200≦d≦−0.04×v2+6.4×v+190 −−−(2)
ここで、v(m/s)は、鋼板表面上における電子ビームの走査速度である。
ビーム径が200μmより小さいと、ビームのエネルギ密度が過度に高くなり、歪みが大きくなって、ヒステリシス損および騒音が劣化する。一方、ビーム径が過度に大きい場合、ドット状照射の場合には、図5に模式で示すように、長時間ビーム照射されるビームスポットのオーバーラップ領域が増大したり、連続的なビーム照射の場合にはビーム走査線上の点でのビーム照射時間(圧延方向ビーム径/ビーム走査速度)が過度に長くなったりする問題が生じる。よって、ビーム径は(−0.04×v2+6.4×v+190)μm以下とする。
詳細なメカニズムは不明であるが、長時間照射を行うと、熱拡散によって鋼板の膨張領域が面内方向にも拡大するためか、ビーム照射後は、圧延方向の引張残留歪みも大きくなって、騒音特性が劣化する。そのため、ビーム径が大きい場合には、走査速度を増大させるのが好ましい。
そこで、本発明では、表面走査速度v(m/s)とビーム径d(μm)について、次式(2)
200≦d≦−0.04×v2+6.4×v+190 −−−(2)
の関係を満足させることにしたのである。
ここで、電子ビームプロファイルは、公知のスリット法によって測定した。スリット幅は30μmに調整し、得られたビームプロファイルの半値幅をビーム径とした。
また、その他照射エネルギなどは、WD(Working Distance)、真空度などの条件によって調整範囲、適正値が異なるため、従来知見に基づき適宜調整を行った。レーザの場合、ビーム径は、ナイフエッジ法により得られたビームプロファイルの半値幅とした。
鉄損および騒音は、三相三脚の積み鉄心型の変圧器を模擬した、モデルトランス変圧器を用いて評価を行った。図7に示すように、モデルトランス変圧器の外形は500mm角、幅は100mmの鋼板で構成される。鋼板を、図7に示す形状に斜角切断し、積み厚:約15mm、鉄心重量:約20kgとなるように、0.23mm厚の鋼板では70枚、0.27mm厚の鋼板では60枚、0.20mm厚の鋼板では80枚を積層する。本測定では、斜角剪断した試料の長手方向が圧延方向となるようにした。積層方法は2枚重ねの5段ステップラップ積みとした。具体的には、中央の脚部材(形状B)として、対称の部材(B−1)1種と、非対称の部材(B−2,B−3)2種の計3種(実際には、非対称部材(B−2,B−3を裏返すことで都合5種)を用い、実際の積み方は例えば「B−3」「B−2」「B−1」「B−2反転」「B−3反転」の順に積む。
鉄心は平面上に平積みし、さらにベークライト製の押さえ板で約0.1MPaの加重で挟み込んで、固定した。三相は120°位相をずらして励磁を行い、磁束密度:1.7Tにおいて、鉄損と騒音の測定を行った。騒音は、鉄心表面より20cm離れた位置(2箇所)にてマイクで測定し、Aスケール補正を行ったdBA単位で表した。
本発明が適用される方向性電磁鋼板の素材の成分組成としては、例えば以下の元素が挙げられる。
Si:2.0~8.0質量%
Siは、鋼の電気抵抗を高め、鉄損を改善するのに有効な元素であるが、含有量が2.0質量%に満たないと十分な鉄損低減効果が達成できず、一方8.0質量%を超えると加工性が著しく低下し、また磁束密度も低下するため、Si量は2.0~8.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Cは、熱延板組織の改善のために添加を行うが、最終製品では磁気時効の起こらない50質量ppm以下までCを低減することが好ましい。
Mnは、熱間加工性を良好にする上で必要な元素であるが、含有量が0.005質量%未満ではその添加効果に乏しく、一方1.0質量%を超えると製品板の磁束密度が低下するため、Mn量は0.005~1.0質量%の範囲とすることが好ましい。
Ni:0.03~1.50質量%、Sn:0.01~1.50質量%、Sb:0.005~1.50質量%、Cu:0.03~3.0質量%、P:0.03~0.50質量%、Mo:0.005~0.10質量%およびCr:0.03~1.50質量%のうちから選んだ少なくとも1種
Niは、熱延板組織を改善して磁気特性を向上させるために有用な元素である。しかしながら、含有量が0.03質量%未満では磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方1.50質量%を超えると二次再結晶が不安定になり磁気特性が劣化する。そのため、Ni量は0.03~1.50質量%の範囲とするのが好ましい。
また、Sn,Sb,Cu,P,MoおよびCrはそれぞれ、磁気特性の向上に有用な元素であるが、いずれも上記した各成分の下限に満たないと磁気特性の向上効果が小さく、一方上記した各成分の上限量を超えると二次再結晶粒の発達が阻害されるため、それぞれ上記の範囲で含有させることが好ましい。
なお、上記成分以外の残部は、製造工程において混入する不可避的不純物およびFeである。
電子ビームおよびレーザ照射に際しては、鋼板の圧延直角方向に、鋼板を横切るように全幅にわたり直線状に、かつ圧延方向に5mmの周期的な間隔をあけて走査した。ここで、レーザ照射は、連続発振のファイバーレーザ装置を用いて行い、レーザ波長は1μm程度の近赤外光とした。また、圧延方向と圧延直角方向のビーム径は同じとした。さらに、電子ビーム照射は、加速電圧:60kV、ドットピッチ:0.01~0.40mm、収束コイル中心から被照射材までの最短距離:700mm、加工室圧力:0.5Pa以下とした。
得られた結果を表1に示す。
Claims (2)
- 圧延方向を横切るように線状に形成された還流磁区を、圧延方向に周期的に有する方向性電磁鋼板において、上記還流磁区が形成された領域の圧延方向断面における歪み分布について、板厚方向の最大引張歪みが0.45%以下で、かつ圧延方向の最大引張歪みt(%)と最大圧縮歪みc(%)とが、次式(1)
t+0.06≦t+c≦0.35 −−−(1)
の関係を満たすことを特徴とする方向性電磁鋼板。 - 鋼板の圧延方向を横切るように高エネルギビームを照射するに際し、圧延直角方向から30°以内の角度の方向に、圧延方向に10mm以下の周期的な間隔で、しかも鋼板上の表面走査速度v(m/s)とビーム径d(μm)とが、次式(2)
200≦d≦−0.04×v2+6.4×v+190 −−−(2)
の関係を満足する条件で高エネルギビームを照射することを特徴とする、請求項1に記載の方向性電磁鋼板の製造方法。
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| CN201280064393.1A CN104093870B (zh) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | 方向性电磁钢板及其制造方法 |
| KR1020147017560A KR101553497B1 (ko) | 2011-12-28 | 2012-12-28 | 방향성 전자 강판 및 그 제조 방법 |
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| WO2015129255A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 低騒音変圧器用の方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
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| WO2015129253A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 低騒音変圧器用の方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| WO2015129255A1 (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-03 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 低騒音変圧器用の方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2015161017A (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 低騒音変圧器用の方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| JP2015161024A (ja) * | 2014-02-28 | 2015-09-07 | Jfeスチール株式会社 | 低騒音変圧器用の方向性電磁鋼板およびその製造方法 |
| CN106029917A (zh) * | 2014-02-28 | 2016-10-12 | 杰富意钢铁株式会社 | 低噪声变压器用取向性电磁钢板及其制造方法 |
| US20170016085A1 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-01-19 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for low-noise transformer, and method of manufacturing said sheet |
| EP3112480A4 (en) * | 2014-02-28 | 2017-03-29 | JFE Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet for low-noise transformer, and method for manufacturing said sheet |
| EP3211104A4 (en) * | 2014-10-23 | 2017-11-15 | JFE Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electromagnetic steel sheet and process for producing same |
| US11225698B2 (en) | 2014-10-23 | 2022-01-18 | Jfe Steel Corporation | Grain-oriented electrical steel sheet and process for producing same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CN104093870A (zh) | 2014-10-08 |
| EP2799580B1 (en) | 2018-10-10 |
| US20140338792A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
| WO2013100200A8 (ja) | 2014-06-12 |
| JP2013139590A (ja) | 2013-07-18 |
| EP2799580A1 (en) | 2014-11-05 |
| KR20140103995A (ko) | 2014-08-27 |
| JP5884165B2 (ja) | 2016-03-15 |
| US9984800B2 (en) | 2018-05-29 |
| EP2799580A4 (en) | 2015-06-03 |
| KR101553497B1 (ko) | 2015-09-15 |
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