WO2013191249A1 - 圧電/電歪セラミックス組成物及び変位発生装置 - Google Patents
圧電/電歪セラミックス組成物及び変位発生装置 Download PDFInfo
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic composition and a displacement generator.
- lead zirconate titanate is used for piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramics for actuators.
- the titanium (Ti) / zirconium (Zr) ratio of PZT is often adjusted in the vicinity of the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB).
- a third component such as lead zinc niobate (Pb (Zn 1/3 Nb 2/3 ) O 3 ) may be introduced into the PZT.
- Ti and Zr are substituted with a donor element having a higher valence such as niobium (Nb). As a result, the electric field responsiveness of the domain is improved, and the electric field induced strain is increased.
- Depolarization occurs when an electric field that is opposite to the polarization direction and whose absolute value is greater than the coercive electric field is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramics. For this reason, when an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic, the absolute value of the electric field is limited to a coercive electric field or less. However, even when the absolute value of the electric field is less than or equal to the coercive electric field, depending on the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramics, the electric field induced strain decreases as time elapses. When a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic with a large coercive electric field is selected, durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is improved, but electric field induced strain is reduced.
- An object of the present invention is to obtain a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic that generates a large electric field induced strain and has high durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction.
- Another object of the present invention is to obtain a displacement generator that can use electric field induced strain when a large displacement is generated and an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied, and has high durability.
- the first and second aspects of the present invention are directed to a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic composition.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic composition according to the first aspect of the present invention is represented by the general formula Pb a ⁇ Zn b Sb c (Zr d Ti 1-d ) 1-bc ⁇ O 3 .
- a, b, c and d are 0.985 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.998, 0.010 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.040, 0.025 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.090, 0.460 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.510 and 2 125 ⁇ c / b ⁇ 3.000 is satisfied.
- the general formula Pb a ⁇ Zn b Sb c (Zr d Ti 1-d ) 1-bc ⁇ O 3 represents a, b, c and d are 0.985 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.998, 0.010 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.040, 0.025 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.090, 0.460 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.510, and 2.125 ⁇ c /
- a subcomponent containing at least one element selected from the group consisting of Mn, Cr, Fe and rare earth element R is added to the main component satisfying b ⁇ 3.000.
- the added amount of Mn is expressed in terms of MnO
- the added amount of Cr is expressed in terms of Cr 2 O 3
- the added amount of Fe is expressed in terms of Fe 2 O 3
- the added amount of rare earth element R is expressed in terms of R 2 O 3.
- the amount of at least one element added to 100 parts by weight of the main component is 0.3 parts by weight or less.
- the third and fourth aspects of the present invention are directed to a displacement generator.
- an actuator and a drive circuit are provided.
- the actuator includes a first electrode, a piezoelectric / electrostrictive body, and a second electrode.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body is made of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic composition of the first or second aspect.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are opposed to each other with the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body interposed therebetween.
- the polarization direction of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body is a direction from the first electrode toward the second electrode.
- the drive circuit applies a drive signal between the first electrode and the second electrode.
- the drive signal is an AC voltage or a DC voltage in which the first electrode becomes a cathode and the second electrode becomes an anode.
- an actuator and a drive circuit are provided.
- the actuator includes a first electrode, a first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body, a second electrode, a second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body, and a third electrode.
- the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body are composed of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic composition of the first or second aspect.
- the first electrode and the second electrode are opposed to each other with the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body interposed therebetween.
- the second electrode and the third electrode are opposed to each other with the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body interposed therebetween.
- the polarization direction of the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body is a direction from the first electrode toward the second electrode.
- the polarization direction of the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body is a direction from the second electrode toward the third electrode.
- the actuator is a bimorph type.
- the first electrode and the third electrode serve as one drive electrode.
- the second electrode becomes the other drive electrode.
- the drive circuit applies a drive signal between one drive electrode and the other drive electrode.
- a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic having high electric field induced strain and high durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction can be obtained.
- the first embodiment relates to a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic.
- the graph of FIG. 1 shows the relationship between the electric field and the electric field induced strain.
- the horizontal axis of FIG. 1 shows the electric field applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic.
- an electric field in the same direction as the polarization direction is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic.
- an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic.
- the vertical axis in FIG. 1 represents the electric field induced strain of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic When the sign of the electric field induced strain is positive, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic extends in a direction parallel to the polarization direction. When the sign of the electric field induced strain is negative, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic contracts in a direction parallel to the polarization direction.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic according to the first embodiment has high durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction, and the electric field induced strain is maintained even when an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied. For this reason, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment is desirably used for products to which an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied. However, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramics of the first embodiment may be used only for products to which an electric field in the same direction as the polarization direction is applied. The piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment is desirably used for an actuator.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramics of the first embodiment may be used for products other than the actuator.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment may be used for a transformer, a sensor, a buzzer, a speaker, and the like.
- composition The composition of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic is represented by the general formula Pb a ⁇ Zn b Sb c (Zr d Ti 1-d ) 1-bc ⁇ O 3 .
- a, b, c and d are 0.985 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.998, 0.010 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.040, 0.025 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.090, 0.460 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.510 and 2 125 ⁇ c / b ⁇ 3.000 is satisfied.
- the rare earth element R is desirably dysprosium (Dy).
- the added amount of Mn is expressed in terms of MnO
- the added amount of Cr is expressed in terms of Cr 2 O 3
- the added amount of Fe is expressed in terms of Fe 2 O 3
- the added amount of rare earth element R is expressed in terms of R 2 O 3.
- the added amount of the sub-component is such that the added amount of the additive element with respect to 100 parts by weight of the main component is desirably 0.3 parts by weight or less, and more desirably 0.02 parts by weight or more and 0.3 parts by weight or less. Is selected.
- PZT Lead zirconate titanate
- Pb (Zn, Sb) O 3 lead antimonate
- the ratio of the amount of antimony (Sb) to the amount of zinc (Zn) is selected so that Sb is in excess of stoichiometry.
- the amount of lead (Pb) is selected so that Pb is less than the stoichiometry.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment is made of a perovskite oxide.
- a small amount of segregated material other than the perovskite oxide may segregate at the grain boundary or the like.
- a piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic having high electric field induced strain and high durability against an electric field opposite to the polarization direction can be obtained.
- the third component is Pb (Zn, Sb) O 3
- the third component is lead zinc niobate (Pb (Zn, Nb) O 3 ) or lead zinc tantalate (Pb (Zn) , Ta) O 3 )
- the durability against the electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is high.
- the ionic radius of Sb 5+ is close to that of Ti 4+
- the ionic radius of Zn 2+ is close to that of Zr 4+
- the ionic radius of Nb 5+ and the ionic radius of Ta 5+ are intermediate between the ionic radius of Ti 4+ and the ionic radius of Zr 4+ .
- the crystal phase of PZT is tetragonal in the composition on the lead titanate (PbTiO 3 ) side from the morphotropic phase boundary (MPB), and is rhombohedral in the composition on the lead zirconate (PbZrO 3 ) side from MPB. .
- the crystal phase of PZT becomes a transitional state that is being transformed from tetragonal to rhombohedral or from rhombohedral to tetragonal. For this reason, the domain structure of PZT having a composition in the vicinity of MPB tends to be unstable.
- the third component is Pb (Zn, Nb) O 3 or Pb (Zn, Ta) O 3
- Zn 2+ having an ionic radius close to that of Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ but also Ti 4+ Nb 5+ or Ta 5+ having an ionic radius intermediate between the ionic radius of Zr 4+ and the ionic radius of Zr 4+ occupies the B site of the perovskite oxide, and the domain structure tends to become more unstable.
- the domain structure becomes unstable, the durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is lowered.
- the third component is Pb (Zn, Sb) O 3
- Zn 2+ and Sb 5+ having an ionic radius close to that of Ti 4+ and Zr 4+ are perovskite oxides. Occupies the B site and the domain structure is stable. When the domain structure is stable, durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is increased.
- Zn amount b is 0.010 or more and 0.040 or less.
- the Sb amount c is 0.025 or more and 0.090 or less.
- the electric field induced strain increases and the coercive electric field increases.
- the Zn amount b and the Sb amount c are less than these ranges, the electric field induced strain becomes small.
- the coercive electric field becomes low.
- the coercive electric field is low, durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is reduced.
- the coercive electric field is low, the absolute value of the electric field applied in the direction opposite to the polarization direction must be reduced.
- Sb occupies the B site of the perovskite oxide and functions as a donor.
- oxygen defects VO are likely to be generated as shown in the composition formula (1).
- the oxygen defect VO is generated, the electric field induced strain is reduced and the durability against the electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is lowered.
- the ratio c / b of the Sb amount c to the Zn amount b is 2.125 or more and 3.000 or less.
- the ratio c / b is within this range, the electric field induced strain is large and the sinterability is good.
- the ratio c / b is below this range, the electric field induced strain is reduced, and the durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is reduced.
- c / b exceeds this range, the sinterability deteriorates.
- the Pb amount a is 0.985 or more and 0.998 or less.
- the insufficient amount of Pb necessary for charge compensation is determined by the excessive amount of Sb.
- the amount of Pb also affects the sinterability. When the Pb amount a is within this range, charge compensation is performed appropriately and sinterability is good.
- composition near MPB The composition of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic is brought close to MPB.
- the electric field induced strain increases.
- Zr amount d is 0.460 or more and 0.510 or less. When the Zr amount d is within this range, the composition of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic approaches MPB, and the electric field induced strain increases. When the amount of Zr is below or above this range, the composition of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic is separated from the MPB, and the electric field induced strain becomes small.
- FIG. 2 is a flowchart showing a method for manufacturing the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic according to the first embodiment.
- the starting material powders of the constituent elements (Pb, Zr, Ti, Zn, Sb, etc.) are mixed so as to obtain the above composition, and a mixture of starting material powders is obtained (step S101).
- the starting material powder is mixed by a wet method.
- the starting material powder is mixed by a ball mill.
- the starting material powder may be mixed by a dry method.
- the starting material is an oxide or an oxide precursor.
- Oxide precursors include carbonates, tartrate salts, oxalate salts, and the like.
- the oxide precursor eventually changes to an oxide.
- an oxide precursor is changed to an oxide in the calcination step.
- the oxide is typically a simple oxide, but may be a complex oxide such as Columbite.
- the starting material powder mixture is calcined (step S102).
- the powder of the starting material is reacted, and the powder of the calcined material is synthesized.
- the calcining temperature is desirably 800 ° C. or higher and 950 ° C. or lower. However, the calcining temperature may be outside this range.
- the powder of the calcination raw material may be pulverized or classified to adjust the particle diameter and specific surface area.
- the calcination raw material powder may be granulated to adjust the shape and particle size of the secondary particles.
- the powder of the calcined raw material may be spray-dried.
- the powder of the calcining raw material may be further heat-treated.
- the starting material powder of the main component and the constituent element of the auxiliary component may be mixed before calcining, or the starting material powder of the main component of the constituent element is calcined.
- the powder of the starting material and the powder of the calcining raw material mixed before and the calcining raw material may be mixed after the calcining.
- the raw material for molding is prepared (step S103).
- the raw material for molding takes the form of powder, slurry, paste, etc. depending on the molding method.
- a binder is desirably mixed with the raw material for molding.
- the molding raw material is molded to obtain a molded body (step S104).
- the raw material for molding is molded by pressure molding, tape molding, casting molding, extrusion molding, injection molding, gel cast molding, or the like.
- a green sheet is obtained. Two or more green sheets may be laminated and then pressed. In this case, a substrate-like molded body is obtained.
- the molded body is degreased and fired to obtain a sintered body (step S105).
- Degreasing and firing are performed continuously. Degreasing and baking may be performed separately.
- the firing temperature is desirably 1000 ° C. or higher and 1250 ° C. or lower. However, the firing temperature may be outside this range.
- the sintered body may be processed after firing.
- the sintered body may be cut, ground, polished, or the like.
- an electrode is formed on the sintered body, and a composite body of the sintered body and the electrode is obtained (step S106).
- the electrode is formed on the sintered body by vapor deposition, sputtering, baking, plating, or the like.
- the electrode contains a conductive component.
- the conductive component is preferably silver (Ag), copper (Cu), palladium (Pd), platinum (Pt), gold (Au), aluminum (Al), or the like.
- the conductive component may be an alloy containing these metals as a main component.
- an electrode material film may be formed on the molded body, and the molded body and the electrode material film may be co-fired.
- the electrode material film changes into an electrode by co-firing.
- the electrode material film may be embedded in the molded body, and as a result, the electrode may be embedded in the sintered body.
- the sintered body is polarized (step S107).
- the composite may be processed after firing or after polarization. For example, individual processing may be performed in which the composite is cut and separated into individual elements.
- the second embodiment relates to a displacement generator.
- FIG. 3 shows the displacement generator of the second embodiment.
- the displacement generator 1000 includes an actuator 1010 and a drive circuit 1011.
- the actuator 1010 includes a first electrode 1020, a piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021, and a second electrode 1022.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 is made of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic according to the first embodiment.
- the first electrode 1020 and the second electrode 1022 are opposed to each other with the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 interposed therebetween.
- the polarization direction of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 is a direction from the first electrode 1020 toward the second electrode 1022.
- the drive circuit 1011 applies a drive signal between the first electrode 1020 and the second electrode 1022, an electric field is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021.
- an electric field is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021, the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 expands or contracts, and displacement occurs. Extension or contraction in the direction parallel to the electric field may be used, or extension or contraction in the direction perpendicular to the electric field may be used.
- the drive signal may be either an AC voltage or a DC voltage.
- the first electrode 1020 can be an anode and the second electrode 1022 can be a cathode, or the first electrode 1020 can be a cathode and the second electrode 1022 can be an anode. It is allowed to be.
- the first electrode 1020 When the drive signal is a DC voltage, the first electrode 1020 is an anode and the second electrode 1022 is a cathode, an electric field in the same direction as the polarization direction is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021.
- the drive signal When the drive signal is a DC voltage, the first electrode 1020 is a cathode, and the second electrode 1022 is an anode, an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021.
- the drive signal When the drive signal is an alternating voltage, an electric field in the same direction as the polarization direction and an electric field in the opposite direction to the polarization direction are alternately applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic according to the first embodiment has high durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction. Therefore, when the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 is made of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic according to the first embodiment, the driving vibration is an AC voltage and the driving signal is a DC voltage, and the first electrode 1020 is a cathode. In any case where the second electrode 1022 is an anode, the electric field induced strain is unlikely to decrease with time. Therefore, a displacement generator 1000 having high durability that can use electric field induced strain when an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied due to a large displacement is obtained.
- the structure of the actuator 1010 is changed according to the application.
- the shape of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 may be any of a plate, a film, a rod, a ring, a lump, and the like.
- the actuator 1010 may have a multilayer structure in which a large number of piezoelectric / electrostrictive bodies and electrodes are alternately stacked.
- the actuator 1010 may be joined to the plate to form a unimorph. In the case where a unimorph is formed, the unimorph bends when the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 1021 expands or contracts.
- the third embodiment relates to a displacement generator.
- FIG. 4 shows the displacement generator of 3rd Embodiment.
- the displacement generator 2000 of the third embodiment includes an actuator 2010 and a drive circuit 2011.
- the actuator 2010 includes a first electrode 2020, a first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021, a second electrode 2022, a second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023, and a third electrode 2024.
- Actuator 2010 is a bimorph type.
- the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 are made of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment.
- the first electrode 2020 and the second electrode 2022 are opposed to each other with the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 interposed therebetween.
- the second electrode 2022 and the third electrode 2024 are opposed to each other with the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 interposed therebetween.
- the polarization direction of the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 is a direction from the first electrode 2020 toward the second electrode 2022.
- the polarization direction of the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 is a direction from the second electrode 2022 toward the third electrode 2024.
- the first electrode 2020 and the third electrode 2024 have the same potential and become one drive electrode.
- the second electrode 2022 becomes the other drive electrode.
- the drive circuit 2011 applies a drive signal between one drive electrode and the other drive electrode, an electric field is applied to the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023.
- an electric field is applied to the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023, one of the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 is The other one of the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 contracts, the actuator 2010 bends, and displacement occurs.
- the drive signal may be either a DC voltage or an AC voltage.
- one drive electrode may be an anode and the other drive electrode may be a cathode, or one drive electrode may be a cathode and the other drive electrode may be an anode.
- an electric field in the same direction as the polarization direction is applied to one of the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023, and the first An electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied to the other of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023.
- the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic according to the first embodiment has high durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction. For this reason, when the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 are made of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment, the electric field induced strain becomes smaller as time passes. Is unlikely to occur. That is, when the first piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2021 and the second piezoelectric / electrostrictive body 2023 are made of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive ceramic of the first embodiment, a large displacement is generated and an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction is applied. Thus, the displacement generator 2000 can be obtained which can utilize the electric field induced strain in the case of being applied and has high durability. *
- the structure of the actuator 2010 is changed according to the application.
- the actuator 2010 may have a multilayer structure in which a large number of piezoelectric / electrostrictive films and electrode films are alternately stacked.
- Examples 1 to 18 Simple oxides of the constituent elements were used as starting materials.
- the starting material powders were mixed so as to obtain the composition shown in Table 2 to obtain a mixture of starting material powders.
- the mixture of the starting material powder was calcined at 850 ° C. to synthesize the calcined material powder.
- the powder of the calcining raw material, the binder and the dispersant were dispersed in water to obtain a slurry.
- the slurry was tape-formed by a doctor blade method to obtain a green sheet. Green sheets were laminated to obtain a substrate-like molded body.
- the substrate-like molded body was fired at 1200 ° C. to obtain a substrate-like sintered body having a plate thickness of 0.4 mm.
- the substrate-like sintered body was processed into a rectangular / plate-shaped piezoelectric / electrostrictive body of 3.0 mm ⁇ 1.0 mm ⁇ 0.3 mm. Electrodes made of Ag were formed on the upper and lower surfaces of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body to obtain a composite of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body and the electrode. The composite of the piezoelectric / electrostrictive body and the electrode was immersed in silicon oil and subjected to polarization treatment at 80 ° C. and 3000 V / mm to obtain a piezoelectric / electrostrictive element (piezoelectric / electrostrictive actuator).
- a sine wave having a frequency of 10 kHz whose voltage fluctuates in a range of ⁇ 150 ⁇ 150 V / mm under an environment of 150 ° C. was applied to the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element for 100 hours.
- the displacement when the piezoelectric / electrostrictive element was again driven at 100 V / mm was measured with a laser Doppler displacement meter. It was calculated piezoelectric constant d 31 from the measurement results.
- the rate of decrease of the piezoelectric constant d 31 before and after the application of the sine wave was calculated.
- the results are shown in Table 2.
- the piezoelectric constant d 31 is an index of the magnitude of the electric field induced strain.
- the rate of decrease of the piezoelectric constant d 31 is an indicator of poor durability against an electric field in the direction opposite to the polarization direction.
- the composition is represented by the general formula Pb a ⁇ Zn b Sb c (Zr d Ti 1-d ) 1- bc ⁇ O 3 , where a, b, c and d are 0.985 ⁇ a ⁇ 0.998, 0. Samples 1, 2 within a range satisfying 010 ⁇ b ⁇ 0.040, 0.025 ⁇ c ⁇ 0.090, 0.460 ⁇ d ⁇ 0.510 and 2.125 ⁇ c / b ⁇ 3.000 In 5-9, 11-14, 16 and 17, the piezoelectric constant d 31 was large, and the decrease rate of the piezoelectric constant d 31 was small.
- Example 21 The point where the starting material powder was mixed so that the composition of Table 3 was obtained, the point other than the Mn starting material powder was mixed before calcination, and the Mn starting material powder and the calcining material powder were temporarily Piezoelectric / electrostrictive elements were obtained in the same manner as Samples 1 to 18 except that they were mixed after firing. Further, the piezoelectric constant d 31 and the rate of decrease of the piezoelectric constant d 31 were calculated in the same manner as in samples 1 to 18. The results are shown in Table 3.
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Description
第1実施形態は、圧電/電歪セラミックスに関する。
図1のグラフは、電界及び電界誘起歪の関係を示す。図1の横軸は、圧電/電歪セラミックスに印加される電界を示す。電界の符号が正である場合は、分極方向と同方向の電界が圧電/電歪セラミックスに印加される。電界の符号が負である場合は、分極方向と逆方向の電界が圧電/電歪セラミックスに印加される。図1の縦軸は、圧電/電歪セラミックスの電界誘起歪を示す。電界誘起歪の符号が正である場合は、分極方向と平行な方向に圧電/電歪セラミックスが伸長する。電界誘起歪の符号が負である場合は、分極方向と平行な方向に圧電/電歪セラミックスが収縮する。
圧電/電歪セラミックスの組成は、一般式Pba{ZnbSbc(ZrdTi1-d)1-b-c}O3で表される。a,b,c及びdは、0.985≦a≦0.998,0.010≦b≦0.040,0.025≦c≦0.090,0.460≦d≦0.510及び2.125≦c/b≦3.000を満たす。一般式Pba{ZnbSbc(ZrdTi1-d)1-b-c}O3で表されa,b,c及びdが0.985≦a≦0.998,0.010≦b≦0.040,0.025≦c≦0.090,0.460≦d≦0.510及び2.125≦c/b≦3.000を満たす主成分に、マンガン(Mn),クロム(Cr),鉄(Fe)及び希土類元素Rからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素(以下では「添加元素」という。)を含む副成分が添加されてもよい。希土類元素Rは、望ましくはジスプロシウム(Dy)である。Mnの添加量をMnO換算で表し、Crの添加量をCr2O3換算で表し、Feの添加量をFe2O3換算で表し、希土類元素Rの添加量をR2O3換算で表した場合に、100重量部の主成分に対する添加元素の添加量が望ましくは0.3重量部以下となりさらに望ましくは0.02重量部以上0.3重量部以下となるように副成分の添加量が選択される。
第3成分(リラクサー成分)がPb(Zn,Sb)O3である場合は、第3成分が亜鉛酸ニオブ酸鉛(Pb(Zn,Nb)O3)又は亜鉛酸タンタル酸鉛(Pb(Zn,Ta)O3)である場合と比較して、分極方向と逆方向の電界に対する耐久性が高い。
Sbは、ペロブスカイト型酸化物のBサイトを占め、ドナーとして機能する。
圧電/電歪セラミックスの組成は、MPBに近づけられる。圧電/電歪セラミックスの組成がMPBに近い場合は、電界誘起歪が大きくなる。
図2は、第1実施形態の圧電/電歪セラミックスを製造する方法を示すフローチャートである。
第2実施形態は、変位発生装置に関する。
第3実施形態は、変位発生装置に関する。
構成元素の単純酸化物を出発原料として用いた。表2の組成が得られるように出発原料の粉末を混合し、出発原料の粉末の混合物を得た。出発原料の粉末の混合物を850℃で仮焼し、仮焼原料の粉末を合成した。仮焼原料の粉末、バインダー及び分散剤を水に分散させ、スラリーを得た。スラリーをドクターブレード法によりテープ成形し、グリーンシートを得た。グリーンシートを積層し、基板状の成形体を得た。基板状の成形体を1200℃で焼成し、板厚0.4mmの基板状の焼結体を得た。基板状の焼結体を3.0mm×1.0mm×0.3mmの矩形板状の圧電/電歪体に加工した。圧電/電歪体の上面及び下面にAgからなる電極を形成し、圧電/電歪体及び電極の複合体を得た。圧電/電歪体及び電極の複合体をシリコンオイルに浸漬し、80℃、3000V/mmの条件で分極処理を行い、圧電/電歪素子(圧電/電歪アクチュエーター)を得た。
表3の組成が得られるように出発原料の粉末を混合した点を除いて、試料1から18までと同じように圧電/電歪素子を得た。また、試料1から18までと同じように圧電定数d31及び圧電定数d31の低下率を算出した。その結果を表3に示す。
表3の組成が得られるように出発原料の粉末を混合した点、Mnの出発原料の粉末以外を仮焼前に混合した点、並びに、Mnの出発原料の粉末及び仮焼原料の粉末を仮焼後に混合した点を除いて、試料1から18までと同じように圧電/電歪素子を得た。また、試料1から18までと同じように圧電定数d31及び圧電定数d31の低下率を算出した。その結果を表3に示す。
1010 アクチュエーター
1011 駆動回路
1020 第1の電極
1021 圧電/電歪体
1022 第2の電極
2000 変位発生装置
2010 アクチュエーター
2011 駆動回路
2020 第1の電極
2021 第1の圧電/電歪体
2022 第2の電極
2023 第2の圧電/電歪体
2024 第3の電極
Claims (4)
- 一般式Pba{ZnbSbc(ZrdTi1-d)1-b-c}O3で表され、a,b,c及びdが、0.985≦a≦0.998,0.010≦b≦0.040,0.025≦c≦0.090,0.460≦d≦0.510及び2.125≦c/b≦3.000を満たす圧電/電歪セラミックス組成物。
- 一般式Pba{ZnbSbc(ZrdTi1-d)1-b-c}O3で表されa,b,c及びdが0.985≦a≦0.998,0.010≦b≦0.040,0.025≦c≦0.090,0.460≦d≦0.510及び2.125≦c/b≦3.000を満たす主成分に、Mn,Cr,Fe及び希土類元素Rからなる群より選択される少なくとも1種類の元素を含む副成分が添加され、
Mnの添加量をMnO換算で表し、Crの添加量をCr2O3換算で表し、Feの添加量をFe2O3換算で表し、希土類元素Rの添加量をR2O3換算で表した場合に、100重量部の主成分に対する少なくとも1種類の元素の添加量が0.3重量部以下である圧電/電歪セラミックス組成物。 - 第1の電極、圧電/電歪体及び第2の電極を備え、前記圧電/電歪体が請求項1又は請求項2の圧電/電歪セラミックス組成物からなり、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極が前記圧電/電歪体を挟んで対向し、前記圧電/電歪体の分極方向が前記第1の電極から前記第2の電極へ向かう方向であるアクチュエーターと、
前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極の間に駆動信号を印加し、前記駆動信号が交流電圧又は前記第1の電極が陰極になり前記第2の電極が陽極になる直流電圧である駆動回路と、
を備える変位発生装置。 - 第1の電極、第1の圧電/電歪体、第2の電極、第2の圧電/電歪体及び第3の電極を備え、前記第1の圧電/電歪体及び前記第2の圧電/電歪体が請求項1又は請求項2の圧電/電歪セラミックス組成物からなり、前記第1の電極及び前記第2の電極が前記第1の圧電/電歪体を挟んで対向し、前記第2の電極及び前記第3の電極が前記第2の圧電/電歪体を挟んで対向し、前記第1の圧電/電歪体の分極方向が前記第1の電極から前記第2の電極へ向かう方向であり、前記第2の圧電/電歪体の分極方向が前記第2の電極から前記第3の電極へ向かう方向であり、バイモルフ型であるアクチュエーターと、
前記第1の電極及び前記第3の電極を一方の駆動電極とし、前記第2の電極を他方の駆動電極とし、前記一方の駆動電極及び前記他方の駆動電極の間に駆動信号を印加する駆動回路と、
を備える変位発生装置。
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| EP13806342.5A EP2876095B1 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2013-06-20 | Piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramic composition and displacement generating device |
| US14/189,023 US9153768B2 (en) | 2012-06-21 | 2014-02-25 | Piezoelectric/electrostrictive ceramics composition and displacement generating device |
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| JP2004115346A (ja) * | 2002-09-30 | 2004-04-15 | Kyocera Corp | 圧電磁器組成物及びこれを用いたインクジェット記録ヘッド |
| JP2009007197A (ja) * | 2007-06-27 | 2009-01-15 | Kyocera Corp | 圧電セラミックス、圧電アクチュエータおよび液体吐出ヘッド |
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| See also references of EP2876095A4 * |
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| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| JP6026530B2 (ja) | 2016-11-16 |
| US20140167562A1 (en) | 2014-06-19 |
| EP2876095A4 (en) | 2016-06-01 |
| US9153768B2 (en) | 2015-10-06 |
| EP2876095A1 (en) | 2015-05-27 |
| JPWO2013191249A1 (ja) | 2016-05-26 |
| EP2876095B1 (en) | 2017-08-23 |
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