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WO2013007679A2 - Moteur électrique pour système d'entraînement de direction - Google Patents

Moteur électrique pour système d'entraînement de direction Download PDF

Info

Publication number
WO2013007679A2
WO2013007679A2 PCT/EP2012/063376 EP2012063376W WO2013007679A2 WO 2013007679 A2 WO2013007679 A2 WO 2013007679A2 EP 2012063376 W EP2012063376 W EP 2012063376W WO 2013007679 A2 WO2013007679 A2 WO 2013007679A2
Authority
WO
WIPO (PCT)
Prior art keywords
rotor
poles
excitation
winding
electrical machine
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Ceased
Application number
PCT/EP2012/063376
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
WO2013007679A3 (fr
Inventor
Kurt Reutlinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
Original Assignee
Robert Bosch GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of WO2013007679A2 publication Critical patent/WO2013007679A2/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Publication of WO2013007679A3 publication Critical patent/WO2013007679A3/fr
Ceased legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B62—LAND VEHICLES FOR TRAVELLING OTHERWISE THAN ON RAILS
    • B62D—MOTOR VEHICLES; TRAILERS
    • B62D5/00—Power-assisted or power-driven steering
    • B62D5/04—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear
    • B62D5/0403—Power-assisted or power-driven steering electrical, e.g. using an electric servo-motor connected to, or forming part of, the steering gear characterised by constructional features, e.g. common housing for motor and gear box
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K16/00—Machines with more than one rotor or stator
    • H02K16/04—Machines with one rotor and two stators
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/06—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having shunt connection of excitation windings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
    • H02K2213/06—Machines characterised by the presence of fail safe, back up, redundant or other similar emergency arrangements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
    • H02K23/00—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors
    • H02K23/02—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting
    • H02K23/04—DC commutator motors or generators having mechanical commutator; Universal AC/DC commutator motors characterised by arrangement for exciting having permanent magnet excitation

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to electric machines, in particular to hybrid-excited DC machines for use in steering drives for electrically assisted steering systems.
  • the present invention relates to the construction of a hybrid-excited DC machine for steering assistance.
  • an electric motor engages the steering to amplify the steering effort exerted by the driver.
  • it is customary to couple the steering drive rigidly with the steering wheel via a transmission.
  • such an arrangement has the disadvantage that torque fluctuations of the steering drive on the steering wheel are noticeable, whereby the ride comfort can be affected.
  • the driver in the event of a fault in which the steering drive fails, the driver must still be able to steer the vehicle, even without the steering drive assisting the steering.
  • a rotary electric machine in particular a hybrid-excited DC machine, is provided for a steering drive for use in a steering assistance.
  • the electric machine includes:
  • a rotor having a rotor winding with rotor coils
  • a commutator for mechanically commutating the rotor coils of the rotor winding
  • stator with one or more exciter systems adjacent in the axial direction, each of which provides an arrangement of stator poles in the circumferential direction, wherein the stator poles of at least one of the excitation systems have one or more permanent magnet poles and one or more electrically excitable passive poles.
  • One idea of the above electrical machine is to combine the advantages of a mechanically commutated DC machine with a possibility of field weakening of the stator magnetic field normally not changeable in a DC machine.
  • the outlay for the control can be significantly reduced in comparison with electronically commutated electrical machines.
  • the above electrical machine requires no position sensor or position detection for electronic commutation, since this function is taken over by the mechanical commutator.
  • control is easier, since in mechanically commutated electrical machines for adjusting the torque or the power only a so-called H-bridge is required, which can be realized with four semiconductor switches. In contrast, an electronically commutated three-phase electric machine would already require six semiconductor switches.
  • a permanent magnet-excited DC machine has a speed curve over the torque, which corresponds to the characteristic of a shunt machine.
  • the curve corresponds to a straight line and intersects the two axes on the one hand at the idle speed and the other at the short-circuit torque.
  • a characteristic curve with a pronounced field weakening range would be desirable, but this would not be possible with permanent magnet-excited direct current machines since the commutation is determined there by the fixed arrangement of the commutator and the permanent magnets.
  • the above electric machine offers a possibility of varying the exciting magnetic field by providing electrically energizable passive poles, so that the machine is operable in a field weakening operation.
  • a permanent-magnet-excited DC machine Another disadvantage of a permanent-magnet-excited DC machine is its braking torque occurring in the event of a fault. In the event of a terminal short circuit, the braking torque exceeds that of permanent magnet mechanically commutated DC machines very quickly limits the maximum allowable braking torque, since the braking torque is proportional to the speed of the DC machine. The above electric machine reduces the braking torque in case of failure, since only a part of the stator poles is provided with permanent magnets.
  • two of the permanent magnet poles may be provided opposite one another and with opposite polarity relative to one another with respect to a direction to the rotor, wherein two passive poles are arranged opposite one another.
  • At least one of the permanent magnet poles and one of the passive poles can be arranged opposite one another in at least one of the exciter systems.
  • the passive poles are each provided with an exciter coil in order to excite them electrically.
  • a plurality of stator poles containing at least one passive pole may be enclosed by an exciter coil to electrically excite them.
  • an excitation coil arranged perpendicular to an axial direction of the rotor can be provided which extends between the stator poles of the two exciter systems.
  • one or more follower poles are provided in the one or more excitation systems, which are not electrically excitable.
  • At least one of the following poles can be arranged directly between a permanent magnet pole and a passive pole.
  • the rotor may extend substantially over the axial length of a plurality of the excitation systems, so that the rotor coils extend over a plurality of exciting systems.
  • the rotor coils of the rotor winding can be connected in series. This has the advantage that it can compensate for the different voltages induced at the different stator poles.
  • a drive comprises: - the above electric machine;
  • a driver circuit for providing a rotor current for energizing the rotor winding
  • control unit for driving the driver circuit to provide a desired rotor current and the energizing circuit for providing a desired exciting current.
  • a drive comprising:
  • a driver circuit for providing a current for energizing the series connection of the field winding and the rotor winding
  • control unit for driving the driver circuit to provide a desired current through the field winding and the rotor winding.
  • a rectifier circuit may be provided to rectify either the current through the rotor winding or the current through the field winding.
  • Figures 1 a to 1 c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hybrid-excited DC machine and a representation of the polarity of the stator poles at different excitations
  • Figures 2a to 2c is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hybrid-excited DC machine according to another embodiment and a representation of the polarity of the stator poles at different excitations
  • Figure 3 is a schematic cross-sectional view of a hybrid-excited DC machine according to another embodiment
  • Figure 4 is a schematic cross-sectional view in axial
  • Figures 5a to 5c is a schematic cross-sectional view in axial
  • Figure 6 is a schematic representation of a drive system with a DC machine according to one of the figures 1 to 5 according to a further embodiment
  • Figure 7 is a schematic representation of a drive system with a DC machine according to one of Figures 1 to 5 with a drive circuit according to another embodiment
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of a drive system with a DC machine according to one of FIGS. 1 to 5 and with a drive circuit according to a further embodiment
  • Figure 9 is a schematic representation of a drive system with a DC machine according to one of Figures 1 to 5 and with a drive circuit according to another embodiment.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a hybrid-excited DC machine 1 as an electric machine for a steering drive.
  • the DC machine 1 has a circular stator 2, which is provided with permanent magnet poles 3 and with electrically energizable passive poles 4.
  • the permanent magnet poles 3 and the passive poles 4 are aligned in the direction of an inner recess 5 of the stator 2, in which a rotor 6 is rotatably arranged.
  • the illustrated rotor 6 has, for example, 16 rotor slots, which are provided with a corresponding rotor winding with rotor coils 10.
  • the rotor 6 may also have other numbers.
  • the rotor coils 10 of the rotor winding of the rotor 6 are energized via a mechanical commutator 9, which is arranged axially (perpendicular to the plane of the drawing) offset to the rotor 6 on a rotor shaft 7, depending on a position of the rotor 6.
  • the total number of stator poles is six, d. H. four permanent magnet poles 3 and two passive poles 4, which are arranged distributed uniformly around the circumference of the stator 2.
  • the permanent magnet poles 3 face each other with different magnetic polarities of the permanent magnets (with respect to the radial direction inwards).
  • the passive poles 4 of the stator 2 are also opposite each other and are each provided with an excitation coil 8 of an excitation winding, in addition to the magnetic flux caused by the permanent magnets 3 magnetic field in the
  • the excitation coils 8 of the exciter winding can be arranged on the passive poles 4 such that, when the excitation coils 8 are energized together, the passive poles 4 have different polarities inwardly with respect to the radial direction.
  • the passive poles 4 are poled so that they have a different polarity to the circumferentially adjacent permanent magnet poles 3.
  • the stator poles of the stator 2 may have alternating polarities in the circumferential direction. This condition is called positive arousal.
  • the magnetic field in the electrically excited stator poles 4 becomes weaker. If, as shown in FIG. 1 c, the direction of the exciter current impressed into the excitation winding 8 is reversed, the passive poles 4 can be poled such that they have the same polarity as their permanent magnet poles 3 adjacent in the circumferential direction. This condition is called negative arousal.
  • the induced voltage in the rotor winding is thus different among the different stator poles.
  • FIG. 2a shows a four-pole stator with a permanent magnet pole 3, a passive pole 4 which can be excited electrically via an excitation coil 8, and two follower poles 12.
  • the rotor 6 substantially corresponds to the known design of the rotor 6 of the embodiment of FIG.
  • the rotor winding is designed in FIG. 1 as a 6-pole rotor winding and in FIG. 2a as a 4-pole rotor winding.
  • the electrically excited passive pole 4 lies opposite the permanent magnet pole 3.
  • FIG. 2 a it is possible to arrange permanent magnet poles 3 and electrically energizable passive poles 4 opposite one another and to form further stator poles as non-excitable follower poles 12.
  • the induced voltages in the rotor coils 10 may be different among the various stator poles 3, 4, 12, it is also useful in this embodiment, the rotor coils 10 of the rotor winding in series, ie as a wave winding to provide, so that in the individual rotor coils 10 induced voltages add.
  • Figure 2a also makes it possible to excite the electrically excited stator pole 4 inwardly opposite to the polarity of the permanent magnet pole 3 with respect to the radial direction, as shown in Figure 2c.
  • the follower poles 12 are not formed as magnetically active stator poles, since the magnetic inference of the permanent magnet pole 3 takes place via the electrically energizable passive pole 4 and vice versa. Effectively, the so energized stator 2 acts as a two-pole stator, since the follower poles 12 do not give off any appreciable magnetic field. (Fig. 2b)
  • the stator 2 has permanent magnet poles 3 and electrically energizable passive poles 4.
  • the permanent magnet poles 3 have a poling opposite to the radial direction inwards.
  • an exciting coil 13 encloses three stator poles each: two electrically energized passive poles 4 and a permanent magnet pole 3 interposed therebetween.
  • FIG. 4 shows a hybrid-excited DC machine according to another embodiment
  • Embodiment shown in a cross section in the axial direction In this embodiment, two excitation systems are arranged axially separated from each other.
  • a first exciter system E1 has exclusively electrically excitable passive poles 4 or, in the case of a follower pole arrangement, alternating with follower poles 12 arranged therebetween, while a second exciter system E2 only Has permanent magnet poles 3 or at a follower pole in alternation with arranged thereon follower poles 12.
  • a DC machine 1 with two excitation systems E1, E2 can also be provided with a circumferential exciter coil 13 arranged concentrically around the machine axis.
  • the circulating excitation coil 13 is located between the stator poles of the exciter systems E1, E2.
  • each exciter system E1, E2 is formed both with electrically energizable passive poles 4 and with permanent magnet poles 3, which are arranged alternately in the circumferential direction.
  • an electrically energizable passive pole 4 is then adjacent in the axial direction to a permanent magnet pole 3, as shown in the representation of Figure 5 in longitudinal section. Due to the concentric arrangement of the circulating exciter coil 13, a very short winding length is achieved, so that the ohmic resistance of the circulating exciter coil 13 and thereby the power requirement for the magnetic field excitation is reduced.
  • the electrically excitable passive poles 4 of the exciter systems E1, E2 assume a respective opposite polarity to the permanent magnet poles 3 of the respective exciter system E1, E2.
  • the passive poles 4 are provided with the same polarity as that of the permanent magnet poles 3 of the respective excitation system E1, E2, thereby attenuating the excitation or the usable magnetic field.
  • the rotor coils 10 of the rotor 6 of the embodiments shown in Figures 5a to 5c extend substantially over the entire axial length of both excitation systems E1, E2 and thus each rotor coil is at a given time both under a Permanentmagnetpol 3 one of the exciter systems and below an electrically excitable passive pole 4 of the corresponding other pathogen system.
  • the induced voltage results from the sum of the two pole inductions.
  • the corresponding excitation coil must be supplied with electrical energy to achieve the electrical excitation. While current regulation for the rotor current flowing via the mechanical commutator is sufficient in a permanent-magnet-excited DC machine for torque control, it is necessary in the case of a hybrid-excited DC machine to provide additional circuitry for the excitation winding.
  • FIG. 6 shows a possible steering drive with a hybrid-excited DC machine 1 and a drive circuit 20 is shown as a driver circuit.
  • the H circuit comprises two series circuits of semiconductor switches 21 with freewheeling diode 24 connected in parallel to each semiconductor switch 21.
  • the series circuits are supplied by the supply voltage potential and each have a node between the two semiconductor switches 21, each with a brush connection of the commutator 9 DC machine 1 is connected.
  • the semiconductor switch 21, z. B. via a control unit 30, the current for operating the DC machine 1 can be adjusted.
  • the semiconductor switches 21 are driven so that there is a pulse width modulated voltage to the brushes of the commutator 9 of the DC machine 1.
  • the excitation winding 8 is controlled by a simple further semiconductor switch 22 here.
  • the exciter winding 8 is connected in series with the further semiconductor switch 22 to supply voltage lines.
  • the energization of the field winding 8 can also be done via a pulse width modulated control of the further semiconductor switch 22.
  • Parallel to the exciter winding 8, a freewheeling diode 23 is further provided, which is provided in the reverse direction in normal operation and serves, when shutdown ten of the power supply to the excitation winding 8 occurring freewheeling currents to lead.
  • the voltage can also be clocked in accordance with a tolerance band control.
  • either the connected via the commutator 9 rotor coils 10 or the excitation winding 8 via a rectifier 25 may be connected to each other, so that either the energization of the rotor coils 10 or the energization of Excitation winding 8 is always rectified regardless of the applied current. For different current directions reversing the direction of rotation can be achieved by reversing the motor current.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Permanent Magnet Type Synchronous Machine (AREA)
  • Windings For Motors And Generators (AREA)
  • Dc Machiner (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un moteur électrique rotatif (1), en particulier un moteur à courant continu et à excitation hybride pour un système d'entraînement de direction utilisé dans une assistance de direction, comprenant : un rotor (6) équipé d'un enroulement comprenant des bobines de rotor (10) ; un commutateur (9) pour la commutation mécanique des bobines (10) de l'enroulement du rotor ; un stator (2) présentant un ou plusieurs systèmes d'excitation (E1, E2) axialement adjacents, qui comportent chacun un agencement de pôles statoriques (3, 4) dans la direction périphérique, les pôles statoriques d'au moins un des systèmes d'excitation (E1, E2) comprenant un ou plusieurs pôles magnétiques permanents (3) et un ou plusieurs pôles passifs (4) pouvant être excités électriquement.
PCT/EP2012/063376 2011-07-12 2012-07-09 Moteur électrique pour système d'entraînement de direction Ceased WO2013007679A2 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE201110078994 DE102011078994A1 (de) 2011-07-12 2011-07-12 Elektrische Maschine für einen Lenkantrieb
DE102011078994.4 2011-07-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
WO2013007679A2 true WO2013007679A2 (fr) 2013-01-17
WO2013007679A3 WO2013007679A3 (fr) 2014-05-08

Family

ID=46508048

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
PCT/EP2012/063376 Ceased WO2013007679A2 (fr) 2011-07-12 2012-07-09 Moteur électrique pour système d'entraînement de direction

Country Status (2)

Country Link
DE (1) DE102011078994A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2013007679A2 (fr)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112825448A (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-05-21 李静怡 一种串并励直流电机
CN112825449A (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-05-21 李静怡 一种并串励直流电机

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102013209713A1 (de) * 2013-05-24 2014-11-27 Mahle International Gmbh Elektromotor, insbesondere für ein Kraftfahrzeug
DE102014113117A1 (de) * 2014-09-11 2016-03-17 C. & E. Fein Gmbh Reihenschlussmotor und Elektrowerkzeug mit einem Reihenschlussmotor
CN112825447B (zh) * 2019-11-21 2022-10-28 李静怡 一种并串励直流电机

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DE1763738A1 (de) * 1968-07-30 1971-10-14 Kroneberg Jurij N Elektrische Gleichstrommaschine
US4079278A (en) * 1975-09-04 1978-03-14 Torque Systems Incorporated Hybrid field permanent magnet motor
DE4302143A1 (de) * 1993-01-27 1994-07-28 Brose Fahrzeugteile Elektromotor und Verfahren zum Betreiben des Elektromotors
DE19955006A1 (de) * 1999-11-16 2001-06-07 Piller Gmbh Gleichstrommaschine
DE10315269A1 (de) * 2002-04-04 2003-10-16 Asmo Co Ltd Gleichstrommotor vom Hybrid-Magnet-Typ
US7112907B2 (en) * 2003-12-12 2006-09-26 Siemens Vdo Automotive Inc. Flux modifier for a permanent magnet brush-type motor using wound field coils combined with permanent magnets
CN101291098B (zh) * 2008-05-05 2011-06-29 哈尔滨工业大学 混合励磁补偿脉冲发电机
CN102005834B (zh) * 2010-11-26 2012-10-31 南京航空航天大学 轴向励磁的混合励磁双凸极电机

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Title
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Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112825448A (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-05-21 李静怡 一种串并励直流电机
CN112825449A (zh) * 2019-11-21 2021-05-21 李静怡 一种并串励直流电机

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102011078994A1 (de) 2013-01-17
WO2013007679A3 (fr) 2014-05-08

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