WO2013069363A1 - 切削抵抗解析装置およびこれを備えた切削加工装置、切削抵抗解析プログラム - Google Patents
切削抵抗解析装置およびこれを備えた切削加工装置、切削抵抗解析プログラム Download PDFInfo
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- WO2013069363A1 WO2013069363A1 PCT/JP2012/072491 JP2012072491W WO2013069363A1 WO 2013069363 A1 WO2013069363 A1 WO 2013069363A1 JP 2012072491 W JP2012072491 W JP 2012072491W WO 2013069363 A1 WO2013069363 A1 WO 2013069363A1
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- cutting
- blade
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- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01L—MEASURING FORCE, STRESS, TORQUE, WORK, MECHANICAL POWER, MECHANICAL EFFICIENCY, OR FLUID PRESSURE
- G01L5/00—Apparatus for, or methods of, measuring force, work, mechanical power, or torque, specially adapted for specific purposes
- G01L5/0061—Force sensors associated with industrial machines or actuators
- G01L5/0076—Force sensors associated with manufacturing machines
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q15/00—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work
- B23Q15/007—Automatic control or regulation of feed movement, cutting velocity or position of tool or work while the tool acts upon the workpiece
- B23Q15/013—Control or regulation of feed movement
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q17/00—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools
- B23Q17/09—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool
- B23Q17/0952—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining
- B23Q17/0966—Arrangements for observing, indicating or measuring on machine tools for indicating or measuring cutting pressure or for determining cutting-tool condition, e.g. cutting ability, load on tool during machining by measuring a force on parts of the machine other than a motor
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- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B19/00—Programme-control systems
- G05B19/02—Programme-control systems electric
- G05B19/18—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form
- G05B19/416—Numerical control [NC], i.e. automatically operating machines, in particular machine tools, e.g. in a manufacturing environment, so as to execute positioning, movement or co-ordinated operations by means of programme data in numerical form characterised by control of velocity, acceleration or deceleration
- G05B19/4166—Controlling feed or in-feed
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
- G05B—CONTROL OR REGULATING SYSTEMS IN GENERAL; FUNCTIONAL ELEMENTS OF SUCH SYSTEMS; MONITORING OR TESTING ARRANGEMENTS FOR SUCH SYSTEMS OR ELEMENTS
- G05B2219/00—Program-control systems
- G05B2219/30—Nc systems
- G05B2219/37—Measurements
- G05B2219/37437—Prediction of cutting force with flexible ball end milling model
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T408/00—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool
- Y10T408/16—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor
- Y10T408/17—Cutting by use of rotating axially moving tool with control means energized in response to activator stimulated by condition sensor to control infeed
- Y10T408/173—Responsive to work
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a cutting force analysis device that performs machining using a multi-blade tool, a cutting device equipped with the cutting force analysis device, and a cutting force analysis program.
- Patent Document 1 a cutting resistance applied to a rotary cutting tool from a workpiece is detected in a cutting resistance detection step, and the moving speed of the rotary cutting tool is adjusted so that the magnitude of the cutting resistance is substantially constant.
- a cutting method for a rotary cutting tool that has the effects of increasing the efficiency of the cutting process and extending the life of the rotary cutting tool is disclosed.
- Patent Document 2 discloses a tool cutting speed and a feed speed by performing preliminary cutting prior to finish cutting so that the cutting volume at a predetermined cutting rotation speed is substantially constant or gradually reduced on a three-dimensional curved surface.
- a cutting method capable of making the cutting force substantially constant while keeping constant is disclosed.
- JP-A-8-25178 (published on January 30, 1996) Japanese Patent Laid-Open No. 10-113846 (published on May 6, 1998)
- the conventional cutting resistance analyzing apparatus has the following problems. That is, in the cutting force analyzing apparatus disclosed in the above publication, regardless of whether the tool is a single-edged tool or a multi-edged tool such as a lathe, the rotational cutting tool is fed in consideration of the magnitude of the cutting resistance applied to the entire rotating cutting tool. The speed is adjusted.
- the cutting resistance per blade cannot be accurately grasped.
- the cutting speed cannot be sufficiently increased in consideration of prevention of blade breakage. If the cutting efficiency is taken into consideration, there is a possibility that the feed rate is increased too much to increase the cutting resistance per blade and damage the blade.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a cutting resistance analysis device capable of improving machining efficiency in a cutting process while reliably preventing damage to a multi-blade tool, a cutting device equipped with the cutting resistance analysis device, and a cutting resistance analysis program. It is to provide.
- the cutting resistance analysis apparatus provides cutting resistance at a plurality of processing points on a trajectory of movement of a multi-blade rotary cutting tool when a workpiece is cut using a multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- a cutting force analyzing apparatus for calculating comprising a data storage unit, a cutting force calculating unit, a contact blade number calculating unit, and a one blade unit cutting force calculating unit.
- the data storage unit stores data related to the shape of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool, the number of blades, and the shape of the workpiece.
- the cutting resistance calculation unit calculates the magnitude of the cutting resistance applied to the multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- the contact blade number calculation unit calculates the number of blades of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool that simultaneously contacts the processing surface of the workpiece.
- the one-blade unit cutting resistance calculation unit calculates the cutting resistance per blade of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool based on the magnitude of the cutting resistance and the calculation result in the contact blade number calculation unit.
- the magnitude of the cutting resistance at the contact portion is calculated.
- the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade may be calculated at a predetermined processing point according to the shape of the workpiece, or a plurality of points on the trajectory of the movement of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool. You may calculate in. In other words, when the shape of the workpiece is simple, there is almost no change in the magnitude of the cutting force, so it is only necessary to calculate the cutting resistance per blade at one machining point, and the shape of the workpiece is complicated. In this case, the cutting resistance per blade may be calculated at a plurality of processing points where the magnitude of the cutting resistance changes.
- the feed speed of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is increased / decreased based on the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade, thereby making the multi-blade rotary cutting tool
- the machining efficiency in the cutting process can be improved while reliably preventing the blade from being damaged.
- a cutting force analysis apparatus is the cutting force analysis apparatus according to the first invention, and uses predetermined data on the trajectory of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool using various data stored in the data storage unit.
- the cutting removal volume calculation part which calculates the cutting removal volume by the multiblade rotary cutting tool in a processing point is further provided.
- the cutting force calculation unit calculates the size of the cutting force applied to the multi-blade rotary cutting tool based on the specific cutting resistance inherent to the workpiece and the cutting removal volume calculated by the cutting removal volume calculation unit. To do.
- a cutting force analysis apparatus is the cutting resistance analysis apparatus according to the first or second aspect of the invention, wherein the contact blade number calculation unit is in a contact portion between the multi-blade rotary cutting tool and the workpiece. Based on the outermost arc length, the number of blades of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool that simultaneously contacts the machining surface of the workpiece is calculated.
- a cutting force analysis apparatus is the cutting resistance analysis apparatus according to any of the first to third aspects of the present invention, wherein the one blade unit cutting force calculation unit is on the trajectory of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool. Cutting resistance per tooth is calculated at a plurality of machining points arranged at approximately equal intervals.
- the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade is calculated at a plurality of processing points arranged at substantially equal intervals on the trajectory of the movement of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- the cutting resistance at each processing point can be calculated by calculating the cutting resistance at each processing point, even if the cutting resistance changes greatly. Can be recognized. Therefore, for example, when cutting is performed using the analysis result of the cutting resistance, control is performed so that the feed rate of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is increased or decreased based on the magnitude of the cutting resistance at each processing point. can do.
- a cutting force analyzing apparatus is the cutting resistance analyzing apparatus according to any of the first to fourth aspects of the present invention, wherein one cutting edge at a predetermined cutting point calculated by a single cutting unit cutting force calculating section.
- a cutting force interpolation unit that calculates the cutting resistance per blade between the machining points based on the size of the cutting force per cutting and the cutting force per blade at the adjacent processing point by linear interpolation; I have.
- the cutting per blade therebetween The magnitude of the resistance is calculated by linear interpolation.
- the cutting resistance per blade on all the trajectories of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool can be calculated only by calculating the cutting resistance per blade at each of a plurality of machining points on the trajectory of the movement of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- the size can be easily calculated.
- a cutting force analyzing apparatus is the cutting resistance analyzing apparatus according to the fifth aspect of the present invention, wherein the cutting force interpolating unit is per edge at a processing point on the upstream side on the locus of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool. Is smaller than the cutting force per cutting edge at the downstream processing point, the magnitude of the cutting resistance per cutting edge at the downstream processing point is calculated per cutting edge between the adjacent processing points. Set as the magnitude of the cutting resistance.
- the cutting resistance per blade between adjacent machining points that is known to increase the cutting resistance per blade during machining is 1 on the downstream side. Sets the size of the cutting force per blade.
- a cutting analysis device is a cutting analysis device according to any one of the first to sixth inventions, and is a multi-blade rotary cutting based on a calculation result in a one-blade unit cutting resistance calculation unit.
- a feed rate adjusting unit that adjusts the feed rate of the tool is further provided.
- the feed rate of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is set based on the magnitude of the cutting force per blade calculated by the cutting force analyzer described above. Specifically, for example, when the cutting resistance at a certain processing point is smaller than the target value, the feed rate of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is increased so that the cutting resistance per blade approaches the target value. On the other hand, when the cutting resistance per blade at a certain processing point is larger than the target value, the feed rate of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is lowered so that the cutting resistance approaches the target value.
- the feed rate during cutting of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is increased or decreased while taking into consideration the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- the processing efficiency of the cutting process can be improved to the maximum while preventing the blade from being damaged.
- a cutting device includes a cutting resistance analysis device according to any one of the first to seventh inventions, a positioning control unit, a speed control unit, and a machine tool unit. .
- the positioning control unit positions the multi-blade rotary cutting tool with respect to the workpiece.
- the speed control unit controls the feed speed of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- the machine tool unit performs cutting on the workpiece.
- a cutting resistance analysis program is a cutting resistance analysis program for analyzing a cutting resistance from a workpiece when cutting is performed using a multi-blade rotary cutting tool.
- Multi-blade rotary cutting tool that simultaneously calculates the cutting resistance applied to the multi-blade rotary cutting tool using data on the shape, the number of blades, and the shape of the work piece, and the machining surface of the work piece And a step of calculating a cutting resistance per blade of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool based on the magnitude of the cutting resistance and the number of blades of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool. Let the computer execute the cutting force analysis method.
- a cutting force analysis program for calculating the magnitude of cutting force per blade based on the number of blades and the like is provided.
- the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade may be calculated at a predetermined processing point according to the shape of the workpiece, or a plurality of points on the trajectory of the movement of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool. You may calculate in. In other words, when the shape of the workpiece is simple, there is almost no change in the magnitude of the cutting force, so it is only necessary to calculate the cutting resistance per blade at one machining point, and the shape of the workpiece is complicated. In this case, the cutting resistance per blade may be calculated at a plurality of processing points where the magnitude of the cutting resistance changes.
- the feed speed of the multi-blade rotary cutting tool is increased / decreased based on the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade, thereby making the multi-blade rotary cutting tool
- the machining efficiency in the cutting process can be improved while reliably preventing the blade from being damaged.
- the block diagram which shows the structure of the control block formed in the cutting apparatus of FIG. (A), (b) is the perspective view and side view which show the structure of the milling machine with which the cutting apparatus of FIG. 1 was mounted
- the conceptual diagram at the time of cutting according to the flowchart of FIG. (A), (b) is the conceptual diagram and bottom view of the milling machine with which the cutting apparatus of FIG. 1 was mounted
- (C) is a perspective view which shows the contact part with respect to a workpiece
- the conceptual diagram which shows the positional relationship of the mill mounted
- the top view which shows the positional relationship of the shape of the workpiece
- the flowchart which shows the flow which rewrites a cutting program using the value of the cutting resistance computed by the flow of FIG. 5 in the cutting apparatus of FIG.
- the cutting apparatus 10 is an apparatus that performs cutting of a workpiece (workpiece) W made of a metal material using a multi-blade rotary cutting tool (milling machine T), as shown in FIG. , A control unit (cutting force analysis device) 11, a machine tool unit 16, and the like.
- the control unit 11 refers to the material drawing 3D-CAD data stored in the storage unit (data storage unit) 22a (see FIG. 2), the target NC program, tool shape information, and the like, and performs desired cutting processing.
- the cutting resistance per blade is calculated by simulation before cutting. In addition, the calculation method of the cutting force per blade by this simulation will be described in detail later.
- the NC program is represented by a G code for processing axis movement, coordinate system setting, and the like inside the cutting apparatus 10.
- G00X200.0Y150.0 moves the tool to the coordinate value (200, 150).
- G01X300.0Y200.0 F60 linearly moves the tool at a feed rate of 60 toward the coordinate values (300, 200).
- the machine tool unit 16 includes a spindle 12, a saddle 13, and the like, and cuts the workpiece W into a desired shape.
- the spindle 12 is attached to a spindle head 12a, and a milling cutter (multi-blade rotary cutting tool) T attached to the tip of the spindle 12 receives the rotational driving force of a servo motor 12b for rotating the spindle. By rotating, the workpiece W is cut.
- the saddle 13 is a table on which the workpiece W is placed, and the workpiece W is moved in the X direction and the Y direction by rotating the ball screw 28 (see FIG. 2) or the like by the rotational driving force of the servo motors 25a and 25b. Move.
- the spindle 12 is moved relative to the workpiece W in the Z direction (direction in which the tool moves up and down) shown in FIG. 1 by moving the column up and down by the servo motor 25c.
- the workpiece W is fixed on the table by a jig (not shown). Thereby, since the workpiece
- the cutting apparatus 10 includes an input unit 21 on the control unit 11 side, a calculation control unit 22, a servo control unit 23, a tacho generator 24 on the machine tool unit 16 side, and servo motors 25a to 25a. 25c, and a position detector 27.
- the input unit 21 reads contents recorded on a known recording medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk or a flash memory, outputs the read information to the arithmetic control unit 22, and receives information such as various setting conditions from the operator. Is entered.
- a known recording medium such as a floppy (registered trademark) disk or a flash memory
- the calculation control unit 22 calculates a relative feed rate of the milling cutter T with respect to the workpiece W, calculates a relative position, calculates an interpolation (linear interpolation, circular interpolation), and the like. Thus, drive control of the servo motors 25a to 25c and the like is performed. Moreover, the calculation control part 22 has the memory
- the storage unit 22a stores drawing (3D-CAD diagram) data of the workpiece W after cutting, the target NC program, tool shape information of the milling cutter T, and the like. Is read, the machine tool unit 16 can perform a desired cutting process.
- the calculation unit 22b Based on the information read by the input unit 21, the calculation unit 22b performs calculations (feed speed calculation, relative position calculation, interpolation calculation, etc.) necessary for cutting according to various programs stored in the storage unit 22a.
- the calculation result is converted into a pulse signal and output to the servo control unit 23.
- the servo control unit 23 includes a positioning control unit 23a and a speed control unit 23b, and controls the rotation speeds and the like of the servo motors 25a to 25c based on the pulse signal output from the arithmetic control unit 22.
- the servo control unit 23 controls the rotation of the servo motors 25a to 25c while receiving a voltage value corresponding to the rotation speed of the servo motors 25a to 25c from the tacho generator 24 described later.
- the positioning control unit 23 a performs cutting while moving the milling cutter T relative to the workpiece W based on the pulse signal received from the calculation control unit 22, and the current position information and target position output from the position detector 27.
- the feedback control of the servo motors 25a to 25c is performed while comparing with the information.
- the speed control unit 23b compares the actual rotation speed of the servo motors 25a to 25c output from the tachometer generator 24 with the target rotation speed, and applies the work W based on the pulse signal received from the calculation control unit 22. On the other hand, the relative movement speed of the milling cutter T is feedback-controlled.
- the tacho generator 24 is provided in each of the servo motors 25a to 25c, and detects the induced electromotive force generated by electromagnetic induction to detect the rotation speed of each servo motor 25a to 25c.
- the servo motors 25a to 25c are driving sources for moving the saddle 13 on which the workpiece W is placed in three dimensions, and are controlled by the servo control unit 23.
- the position detector 27 detects the position of the saddle 13 that moves in three dimensions by the rotational drive of the servo motors 25a to 25c, and outputs the detected position to the servo controller 23.
- the above-described floppy (registered trademark) disk and flash memory record cutting command information including, for example, a work material type, a tool, cutting conditions, processing effort, and the like.
- the control part 11 the information recorded on the floppy (trademark) disk etc. is read, and the work tool part 16 is cut, and the workpiece
- work W is manufactured as the desired workpiece W1.
- the workpiece W is cut using a milling cutter (multi-blade rotary cutting tool) T attached to the tip of the main shaft 12. Processing.
- the milling cutter T is a multi-blade rotary cutting tool having eight blades T1 (see FIG. 7B), and cuts into a desired shape by moving relative to the workpiece W.
- the calculation unit 22b shown in FIG. 2 reads various data and programs stored in the storage unit 22a, so that the functional blocks shown in FIG.
- a simulation for determining the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade of the milling cutter T is performed by these functional blocks before actually performing the cutting process.
- the cutting removal volume calculation unit 31 determines the workpiece W at each machining point based on information such as the position and orientation of the milling T at each machining point on the trajectory (tool path) of the movement of the milling cutter T relative to the workpiece W.
- the cutting removal volume of the contact portion C with the milling cutter T is calculated.
- the cutting force calculation unit 32 calculates the size of the cutting force applied to the entire milling cutter T based on the cutting removal volume at each processing point calculated by the cutting removal volume calculation unit 31 and the specific cutting resistance of the workpiece W. .
- specific cutting resistance means the cutting resistance per unit removal volume peculiar to every material.
- the removal volume includes parameters such as the feed amount and the cutting amount of the tool.
- Cutting resistance F Kr ⁇ V (where Kr: specific cutting resistance, V: removal volume)
- the contact blade number calculation unit 33 calculates the number of blades that are in contact with the workpiece W almost simultaneously at each processing point among the eight blades T1 included in the milling cutter T. Specifically, the number of blades T1 entering the arc portion cut by the rotation of the milling cutter T is calculated based on the length of the arc portion, the diameter of the tip portion of the milling cutter T, and the number of blades.
- the one-blade unit cutting force calculation unit 34 divides the cutting resistance calculated by the cutting force calculation unit 32 by the number of contact blades calculated by the contact blade number calculation unit 33, so that the milling T at each processing point is obtained.
- the magnitude of the cutting force per tooth is calculated (refer to step S1 to step S14 below).
- the cutting force interpolation unit 35 calculates the size of the cutting force between the processing points by linear interpolation based on the size of the cutting force at each processing point calculated by the one-blade unit cutting force calculation unit 34.
- the feed rate adjusting unit 36 determines the magnitude of the cutting resistance per tooth at each machining point.
- the feed rate of the tool is adjusted so as to be approximately the same as the target cutting resistance per tooth (see steps S21 to S30 below).
- the milling cutter T moves along the tool path and is processed on a plane parallel to the tool direction vector (x, y, z). It shall be.
- the number of the blades T1 of the milling cutter T is eight as shown in FIG.
- the contact portion C between the workpiece W and the milling cutter T is determined by the inclination and the traveling direction of the milling cutter T (tool) as shown in FIG.
- step S1 the locus (tool path) of movement of the milling cutter T with respect to the workpiece W is read, and each machining point ((x 1 , y 1 , z 1 )... (X n , y n , z) on the tool path is read. n )) is set. Each processing point is set at substantially equal intervals on the tool path of the workpiece W.
- step S3 the current value on the tool path set for the workpiece W is set to (x n , y n , z n ) (see FIG. 8).
- step S4 information on the tool and the tool posture at the current value of the tool path is read.
- the tool center coordinate toolpath current position
- the tool posture tool direction vector (x a, y a, z a), ( see FIG. 7 (a)) tool diameter r
- the tool number of blades N 8 each Entered.
- step S5 a tool traveling direction unit vector is calculated, and a cutting removal volume (shaded portion in FIG. 6) V is calculated.
- the tool advancing direction unit vector is calculated by the following calculation. (X n + 1 -x n , y n + 1 -y n , z n + 1 -z n ) / ⁇ [(x n + 1 -x n ) 2 + (y n + 1 -y n ) 2 + (z n + 1 -z n ) 2 ]
- the cutting removal volume means the volume that is cut when the tool is moved relative to the workpiece W slightly in the advancing direction from the current value, as shown by the hatched portion in FIG. In FIG. 6, for convenience of description, the tool axis is described as being perpendicular to the cutting surface of the workpiece W.
- step S7 the outermost arc length L2 of the milling cutter T at the contact portion C of the certain machining point is calculated.
- the outermost arc length is the outermost arc formed by connecting the cutter blade edges, and is formed not only in the arc portion where the tool and the workpiece W are actually in contact with each other, but also on the outer side. It also includes the length of the virtual arc part.
- step S8 it is determined whether or not there are a plurality of contact arc portions at the contact portion C at the certain processing point.
- the case where there are a plurality of arc portions in the contact portion C means a state in which a portion where the groove Wa is formed on the tool path of the workpiece W is cut as shown in FIG. If it is determined that there are a plurality of arc portions, the process proceeds to step S9. If it is determined that there are not a plurality of arc portions (single), the process proceeds to step S11.
- step S9 since it is determined in step S8 that there are a plurality of arc portions, it is determined that only the arc portion on the downstream side in the traveling direction on the tool path is in contact with the arc portion on the downstream side.
- the contact portion C is calculated by selecting only. This is because the upstream arc portion on the tool path has already been cut and it is considered that the blade T1 of the milling cutter T is not in contact during actual machining.
- step S10 an interval L1 between the blades T1 of the milling cutter T1 in the circumferential direction is calculated based on the number of blades T1 of the milling cutter T.
- the interval L1 is a value obtained by dividing the outer periphery (2 ⁇ r) of the milling cutter T by 8.
- step S11 the milling in the contact portion C of the workpiece W at a certain machining point is performed based on the outermost arc length L2 calculated in step S7 and the interval L1 of the blade T1 in the circumferential direction calculated in step S10.
- the number Tn of contact blades Tn is calculated. Specifically, the number Tn of contact blades is a numerical value of an integer part of a value obtained by dividing the outermost circular arc length L2 by the interval L1 of the blades T1.
- step S12 the cutting resistance per blade at a certain processing point is calculated and stored. Specifically, the cutting resistance per blade at the machining point n is calculated as a value obtained by dividing the cutting force force calculated in step S6 by the number of contact blades Tn.
- the cutting resistance per blade between each processing point calculates by linearly interpolating the value of the cutting resistance per blade in an adjacent processing point by the cutting resistance interpolation part 35 mentioned above.
- Control may be performed as follows.
- the downstream processing is performed.
- the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade at the point is set as the magnitude of the cutting resistance per blade between the adjacent machining points.
- size of the cutting resistance applied per blade of the milling cutter T which is a multi-blade rotary cutting tool can be detected by performing the above simulation.
- step S21 the operator specifies a tool path range (start point ns, end point ne) by manual input, and sets a target cutting resistance Fmax per tooth within the specified range.
- the target cutting force Fmax per blade is the cutting resistance per blade at each of the machining points (x 1 , y 1 , z 1 ) (x n , y n , z n ) determined previously. Set the maximum value.
- step S22 the relative moving speed of the milling cutter T with respect to the workpiece W is increased.
- step S23 n, which means the starting point of the tool path, is input as n.
- step S24 the value of the cutting resistance Fnow per tooth at the machining point n calculated as a result of the simulation is read.
- step S25 it is determined whether or not the value of the cutting force Fnow per tooth at the machining point n is smaller than the target cutting resistance Fmax per blade set by the operator in step S21. If it is determined that the value of the cutting force Fnow per tooth is smaller than the target cutting resistance Fmax per blade, the process proceeds to step S26, and if it is determined to be large, the process proceeds to step S28.
- step S25 it is confirmed whether or not the cutting resistance Fnow per tooth at the processing point n exceeds the target cutting resistance Fmax per blade set as the upper limit value.
- the feed rate of the milling cutter T to the workpiece W is set to be lowered so that the cutting force Fnow per blade is approximately the same as the target cutting force Fmax per blade.
- the size of the cutting resistance Fnow per blade is almost the same as the target cutting resistance Fmax per blade.
- the feed rate of the milling cutter T with respect to the workpiece W is set to be increased. Specific setting contents will be described below.
- step S26 since it is determined in step S25 that the cutting resistance Fnow per tooth is smaller than the target cutting resistance Fmax per blade, depending on the ratio of Fmax to Fnow (Fmax / Fnow). Then, the cutting force increase rate (upf) is calculated.
- step S27 the feed rate up value (fup) is calculated by multiplying the feed rate fnow of the milling cutter T with respect to the workpiece W at the machining point n by the increase rate (upf).
- step S28 the feed speed set in the original NC program is rewritten from fnow to fup.
- the magnitude of the cutting force per blade at each processing point is almost equal.
- the relative moving speed of the milling cutter T with respect to the workpiece W can be adjusted so as to be constant.
- the feed speed so that the load per blade applied to the blade T1 of the milling cutter T does not exceed the target value, the blade T1 of the milling cutter T is prevented from being damaged and the load per blade is substantially reduced.
- the feed rate so as to reach the target value, the feed rate can be increased to the maximum, so that the efficiency of the cutting process can be improved as compared with the conventional case.
- the cutting force analyzing apparatus control unit 11
- the cutting apparatus 10 have been described as examples that realize the present invention.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the present invention may be realized as a cutting force analysis program for calculating the cutting force per blade described above and a recording medium storing the cutting force analysis program.
- the example which cuts using the multiblade rotary cutting tool (milling machine T) with the number of 8 blades was given and demonstrated.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the number of blades of a multi-blade rotary cutting tool may be any number of blades as long as it is two or more.
- the relationship between the cutting depth and feed amount of the tool and the cutting force may be mapped as a table in the storage unit, and the cutting resistance may be obtained from the cutting amount and the feed amount at the current value. That is, when calculating the magnitude of the cutting resistance, the cutting resistance may be obtained directly based on the cutting depth and feed amount of the tool without calculating the cutting removal volume.
- control part 11 of the cutting apparatus 10 demonstrated and demonstrated the example which performs the cutting resistance analysis per blade.
- the present invention is not limited to this.
- the cutting force analysis program for calculating the cutting force per tooth described above is provided on an external computer of the cutting apparatus 10, and a simulation is executed using 3D-CAD diagram data and tool shape data. This can also be realized by transferring the NC program created as a result to the input unit of the cutting apparatus 10.
- the cutting force analysis apparatus of the present invention has an effect of improving machining efficiency while reliably preventing damage to a multi-blade tool, and thus widely applied to cutting apparatuses that perform various cutting processes. Is possible.
- Cutting Device 11 Control Unit (Cutting Resistance Analysis Device) 12 spindle 12a spindle head 12b spindle rotating servo motor 13 saddle 16 machine tool part 21 input part 22 operation control part 22a storage part (data storage part) 22b arithmetic unit 23 servo control unit 23a positioning control unit 23b speed control unit 24 tachometer generators 25a to 25c servo motor 27 position detector 28 ball screw 31 cutting removal volume calculation unit 32 cutting resistance calculation unit 33 contact blade number calculation unit 34 1 blade Unit cutting force calculation unit 35 Cutting force interpolation unit 36 Feed speed adjustment unit C Contact part T Milling (multi-blade rotary cutting tool) T1 blade W Workpiece (workpiece) Wa groove W1 processed product
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Abstract
Description
例えば、特許文献1には、被加工部材から回転切削工具に加えられる切削抵抗を切削抵抗検出工程において検出し、切削抵抗の大きさがほぼ一定になるように回転切削工具の移動速度を調整することで、切削加工工程の効率化および回転切削工具の寿命の延長という効果を奏する回転切削工具の切削方法について開示されている。
すなわち、上記公報に開示された切削抵抗解析装置では、旋盤等の1刃工具、多刃工具に関わらず、回転切削工具全体に対してかかる切削抵抗の大きさを考慮して回転切削工具の送り速度等を調整している。
これにより、形状が複雑な被加工物を切削加工していく場合でも、各加工ポイントにおいて切削抵抗を算出することで、切削抵抗が大きく変化する場合でもそれぞれの加工ポイントにおける切削抵抗の大きさを認識することができる。よって、例えば、この切削抵抗の解析結果を用いて切削加工を行う場合には、各加工ポイントにおける切削抵抗の大きさに基づいて、多刃回転切削工具の送り速度を上昇、低下させるように制御することができる。
具体的には、例えば、ある加工ポイントにおける切削抵抗が目標値よりも小さい場合には、1刃当たりの切削抵抗が目標値に近づくように多刃回転切削工具の送り速度を上昇させる。一方、ある加工ポイントにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗が目標値よりも大きい場合には、切削抵抗が目標値に近づくように多刃回転切削工具の送り速度を低下させる。
[切削加工装置10の構成]
本実施形態に係る切削加工装置10は、多刃回転切削工具(フライスT)を用いて金属材料からなるワーク(被加工物)Wの切削加工を行う装置であって、図1に示すように、制御部(切削抵抗解析装置)11、工作機械部16等を備えている。
主軸12は、図1に示すように、主軸ヘッド12aに取り付けられており、その先端に装着されたフライス(多刃回転切削工具)Tが主軸回転用のサーボモータ12bの回転駆動力を受けて回転することで、ワークWの切削加工を行う。
位置検出器27は、サーボモータ25a~25cの回転駆動によって3次元において移動するサドル13の位置を検出し、サーボ制御部23に対して出力する。
これにより、制御部11において、フロッピー(登録商標)ディスク等に記録された情報が読み込まれて工作機械部16によって切削加工が行われることで、ワークWが所望の加工品W1として製造される。
本実施形態の切削加工装置10では、図3(a)および図3(b)に示すように、主軸12の先端に取り付けられたフライス(多刃回転切削工具)Tを用いてワークWの切削加工を行う。
フライスTは、8つの刃T1(図7(b)参照)を有する多刃回転切削工具であって、ワークWに対して相対移動することで所望の形状に切削加工する。
本実施形態の切削加工装置10では、図2に示す演算部22bが記憶部22a内に格納された各種データおよびプログラムを読み込むことで、図4に示す機能ブロック(切削除去体積算出部31、切削抵抗算出部32、接触刃数算出部33、1刃単位切削抵抗算出部34、切削抵抗補間部35、送り速度調整部36)で表される各種機能が実行される。本実施形態では、これらの機能ブロックによって、実際に切削加工を実施する前に、フライスTの1刃当たりの切削抵抗の大きさを求めるためのシミュレーションを実施する。
切削抵抗F=Kr×V(ただし、Kr:比切削抵抗、V:除去体積)
本実施形態の切削加工装置10では、図5に示すフローチャートに従ってシミュレーションを行い、フライスTの1刃当たりの切削抵抗の値を算出する。なお、切削加工の前提として、工具の送り速度および切込み量は、刃が破損しない程度で正常に加工できるレベルの値が入力される。
ステップS1では、ワークWに対するフライスTの移動の軌跡(ツールパス)を読み込んで、ツールパス上における各加工ポイント((x1,y1,z1)・・・(xn,yn,zn))を設定する。なお、各加工ポイントは、ワークWのツールパス上にほぼ等間隔で設定される。
ステップS3では、ワークWに設定されたツールパス上における現在値を(xn,yn,zn)とする(図8参照)。
(xn+1-xn,yn+1-yn,zn+1-zn)/√[(xn+1-xn)2+(yn+1-yn)2+(zn+1-zn)2]
また、切削除去体積については、図6の斜線部分として示すように、現在値から少し進行方向に工具をワークWに対して相対移動させた際に切削される体積を意味している。なお、図6では、説明の便宜上、ワークWの切削面に対して工具の軸を垂直にした状態で説明している。
ステップS14では、ツールパスの終点に到達したか否かを判定する。具体的には、n=eとなるまで、つまり、ツールパスの終点まで到達するまで、ステップS3~ステップS13の処理を繰り返し行う。
本実施形態では、以上のようなシミュレーションを実施することで、多刃回転切削工具であるフライスTの1刃当たりにかかる切削抵抗の大きさを検出することができる。
本実施形態では、上記シミュレーションの結果、算出された1刃当たりの切削抵抗の大きさに基づいて、図10に示すフローチャートに従って以下に示すシミュレーションを実施して、実際の切削加工で使用するNCプログラムを作成する。
ステップS23では、ツールパスの開始点を意味するnsをnと入力する。
ステップS25では、加工ポイントnにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗Fnowの値が、ステップS21においてオペレータによって設定された1刃当たりの目標切削抵抗Fmaxよりも小さいか否かを判定する。ここで、1刃当たりの切削抵抗Fnowの値が1刃当たりの目標切削抵抗Fmaxよりも小さいと判定された場合には、ステップS26へ進み、大きいと判定された場合にはステップS28へ進む。
ステップS29では、n=n+1とし、次の加工ポイントにおける送り速度を算出する工程へ移行する。
以上、本発明の一実施形態について説明したが、本発明は上記実施形態に限定されるものではなく、発明の要旨を逸脱しない範囲で種々の変更が可能である。
上記実施形態では、切削抵抗解析装置(制御部11)および切削加工装置10として本発明を実現した例を挙げて説明した。しかし、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
例えば、上述した1刃当たりの切削抵抗の算出を行う切削抵抗解析プログラムおよびこれを記憶した記録媒体として本発明を実現してもよい。
上記実施形態では、多刃回転切削工具としてフライスTを用いて切削加工を行う例を挙げて説明した。しかし、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
例えば、エンドミル等の他の多刃回転切削工具を用いて切削加工を行う場合でも、本発明の適用は可能である。
上記実施形態では、刃数が8つの多刃回転切削工具(フライスT)を用いて切削加工を行う例を挙げて説明した。しかし、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
例えば、多刃回転切削工具の刃数としては、2つ以上であれば何枚の刃数であってもよい。
上記実施形態では、切削除去体積算出部31において算出された切削除去体積Vと比切削抵抗Krとに基づいて、切削抵抗の大きさを求めた例を挙げて説明した。しかし、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
上記実施形態では、切削加工装置10の制御部11が1刃当たりの切削抵抗解析を行う例を挙げて説明した。しかし、本発明はこれに限定されるものではない。
11 制御部(切削抵抗解析装置)
12 主軸
12a 主軸ヘッド
12b 主軸回転用サーボモータ
13 サドル
16 工作機械部
21 入力部
22 演算制御部
22a 記憶部(データ格納部)
22b 演算部
23 サーボ制御部
23a 位置決め制御部
23b 速度制御部
24 タコジェネレータ
25a~25c サーボモータ
27 位置検出器
28 ボールねじ
31 切削除去体積算出部
32 切削抵抗算出部
33 接触刃数算出部
34 1刃単位切削抵抗算出部
35 切削抵抗補間部
36 送り速度調整部
C 接触部分
T フライス(多刃回転切削工具)
T1 刃
W ワーク(被加工物)
Wa 溝
W1 加工品
Claims (9)
- 多刃回転切削工具を用いて被加工物の切削加工を行う際に、前記多刃回転切削工具の移動の軌跡上の複数の加工ポイントにおける切削抵抗を算出する切削抵抗解析装置であって、
前記多刃回転切削工具の形状、刃数および前記被加工物の形状に関するデータを格納するデータ格納部と、
前記多刃回転切削工具にかかる切削抵抗の大きさを算出する切削抵抗算出部と、
前記被加工物の加工面に対して同時に接触する前記多刃回転切削工具の刃の数を算出する接触刃数算出部と、
前記切削抵抗の大きさと前記接触刃数算出部における算出結果とに基づいて、前記多刃回転切削工具の1刃当たりの切削抵抗値を算出する1刃単位切削抵抗算出部と、
を備えている切削抵抗解析装置。 - 前記データ格納部に格納された各種データを用いて、前記多刃回転切削工具の軌跡上の所定の加工ポイントにおける前記多刃回転切削工具による切削除去体積を算出する切削除去体積算出部を、さらに備えており、
前記切削抵抗算出部は、前記被加工物に固有の比切削抵抗と、前記切削除去体積算出部において算出された前記切削除去体積とに基づいて、前記多刃回転切削工具にかかる切削抵抗の大きさを算出する、
請求項1に記載の切削抵抗解析装置。 - 前記接触刃数算出部は、前記多刃回転切削工具と前記被加工物との接触部分における最外円弧長さに基づいて、前記被加工物の加工面に対して同時に接触する前記多刃回転切削工具の刃の数を算出する、
請求項1または2に記載の切削抵抗解析装置。 - 前記1刃単位切削抵抗算出部は、前記多刃回転切削工具の軌跡上におけるほぼ等間隔に配置された複数の加工ポイントにおいて1刃当たりの切削抵抗を算出する、
請求項1または2に記載の切削抵抗解析装置。 - 前記1刃単位切削抵抗算出部において算出された所定の加工ポイントにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗の大きさとそれに隣接する加工ポイントにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗の大きさとに基づいて、その加工ポイント間における1刃当たりの切削抵抗を線形補間によって算出する切削抵抗補間部を、さらに備えている、
請求項1または2に記載の切削抵抗解析装置。 - 前記切削抵抗補間部は、前記多刃回転切削工具の軌跡上における上流側の加工ポイントにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗が下流側の加工ポイントにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗よりも小さい場合には、下流側の加工ポイントにおける1刃当たりの切削抵抗の大きさを、その隣接する加工ポイント間における1刃当たりの切削抵抗の大きさとして設定する、
請求項5に記載の切削抵抗解析装置。 - 前記1刃単位切削抵抗算出部における算出結果に基づいて、前記多刃回転切削工具の送り速度を調整する送り速度調整部を、さらに備えている、
請求項1または2に記載の切削加工解析装置。 - 請求項1または2に記載の切削抵抗解析装置と、
前記多刃回転切削工具の前記被加工物に対する位置決めを行う位置決め制御部と、
前記多刃回転切削工具の送り速度を制御する速度制御部と、
前記被加工物に対して切削加工を行う工作機械部と、
を備えている切削加工装置。 - 多刃回転切削工具を用いて切削加工を行う際の被加工物からの切削抵抗を解析する切削抵抗解析プログラムであって、
前記多刃回転切削工具の形状、刃数および前記被加工物の形状に関するデータを用いて前記多刃回転切削工具にかかる切削抵抗の大きさを算出する工程と、
前記被加工物の加工面に対して同時に接触する前記多刃回転切削工具の刃の数を算出する工程と、
前記切削抵抗の大きさと前記多刃回転切削工具の刃の数とに基づいて、前記多刃回転切削工具の1刃当たりの切削抵抗を算出する工程と、
を備えている切削抵抗解析方法をコンピュータに実行させる切削抵抗解析プログラム。
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| DE112012000203.2T DE112012000203B4 (de) | 2011-11-09 | 2012-09-04 | Schneidwiderstand-Analysevorrichtung, mit derselben ausgestattete Zerspanungs- und Bearbeitungsvorrichtung und Schneidwiderstand-Analyseprogramm |
| CN201280003369.7A CN103201069B (zh) | 2011-11-09 | 2012-09-04 | 切削阻力解析装置及包括该装置的切削加工装置、切削阻力解析方法 |
| JP2012554921A JP5204934B1 (ja) | 2011-11-09 | 2012-09-04 | 切削抵抗解析装置およびこれを備えた切削加工装置、切削抵抗解析プログラム |
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- 2012-09-04 JP JP2012554921A patent/JP5204934B1/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-04 US US13/877,177 patent/US9459166B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-04 CN CN201280003369.7A patent/CN103201069B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2012-09-04 DE DE112012000203.2T patent/DE112012000203B4/de active Active
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Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| WO2018011990A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-15 | 2018-01-18 | 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 | 加工プログラム生成装置及び加工方法 |
| JPWO2018011990A1 (ja) * | 2016-07-15 | 2019-03-07 | 株式会社牧野フライス製作所 | 加工プログラム生成装置及び加工方法 |
| CN109475993A (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2019-03-15 | 株式会社牧野铣床制作所 | 加工程序生成装置及加工方法 |
| CN109475993B (zh) * | 2016-07-15 | 2021-06-11 | 株式会社牧野铣床制作所 | 加工程序生成装置及加工方法 |
| JP2020019072A (ja) * | 2018-07-30 | 2020-02-06 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | 工具刃数推定装置およびこれを備えた工作機械、ならびに工具刃数推定方法 |
| JP7084242B2 (ja) | 2018-07-30 | 2022-06-14 | Dmg森精機株式会社 | 工具刃数推定装置およびこれを備えた工作機械、ならびに工具刃数推定方法 |
| CN114012154A (zh) * | 2021-11-18 | 2022-02-08 | 大连交通大学 | 一种铣削扭矩测量传感器 |
| JP2023169119A (ja) * | 2022-05-10 | 2023-11-29 | イボクラール ビバデント アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 歯科用物体を製造するための機械加工方法 |
| JP7783850B2 (ja) | 2022-05-10 | 2025-12-10 | イボクラール ビバデント アクチェンゲゼルシャフト | 歯科対象物を製造するための機械加工方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US9459166B2 (en) | 2016-10-04 |
| CN103201069B (zh) | 2015-05-13 |
| CN103201069A (zh) | 2013-07-10 |
| DE112012000203T5 (de) | 2013-08-01 |
| US20130336736A1 (en) | 2013-12-19 |
| JP5204934B1 (ja) | 2013-06-05 |
| DE112012000203B4 (de) | 2023-06-29 |
| JPWO2013069363A1 (ja) | 2015-04-02 |
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