WO2012120982A1 - α線量が少ない銅又は銅合金及び銅又は銅合金を原料とするボンディングワイヤ - Google Patents
α線量が少ない銅又は銅合金及び銅又は銅合金を原料とするボンディングワイヤ Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012120982A1 WO2012120982A1 PCT/JP2012/053524 JP2012053524W WO2012120982A1 WO 2012120982 A1 WO2012120982 A1 WO 2012120982A1 JP 2012053524 W JP2012053524 W JP 2012053524W WO 2012120982 A1 WO2012120982 A1 WO 2012120982A1
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22B—PRODUCTION AND REFINING OF METALS; PRETREATMENT OF RAW MATERIALS
- C22B15/00—Obtaining copper
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23K—SOLDERING OR UNSOLDERING; WELDING; CLADDING OR PLATING BY SOLDERING OR WELDING; CUTTING BY APPLYING HEAT LOCALLY, e.g. FLAME CUTTING; WORKING BY LASER BEAM
- B23K35/00—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting
- B23K35/22—Rods, electrodes, materials, or media, for use in soldering, welding, or cutting characterised by the composition or nature of the material
- B23K35/24—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper
- B23K35/30—Selection of soldering or welding materials proper with the principal constituent melting at less than 1550 degrees C
- B23K35/302—Cu as the principal constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
- C22C—ALLOYS
- C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
- C22C9/08—Alloys based on copper with lead as the next major constituent
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
- C25C1/12—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of copper
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/04—Diaphragms; Spacing elements
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/43—Manufacturing methods
- H01L2224/438—Post-treatment of the connector
- H01L2224/43848—Thermal treatments, e.g. annealing, controlled cooling
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
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- H01L2224/42—Wire connectors; Manufacturing methods related thereto
- H01L2224/44—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process
- H01L2224/45—Structure, shape, material or disposition of the wire connectors prior to the connecting process of an individual wire connector
- H01L2224/45001—Core members of the connector
- H01L2224/45099—Material
- H01L2224/451—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof
- H01L2224/45138—Material with a principal constituent of the material being a metal or a metalloid, e.g. boron (B), silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), arsenic (As), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te) and polonium (Po), and alloys thereof the principal constituent melting at a temperature of greater than or equal to 950°C and less than 1550°C
- H01L2224/45147—Copper (Cu) as principal constituent
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Definitions
- the present invention relates to copper or a copper alloy with a reduced ⁇ dose and a bonding wire using copper or a copper alloy as a raw material, which is used for manufacturing semiconductors.
- copper is a material used in the manufacture of semiconductors, and is the main raw material for copper or copper alloy wiring, copper or copper alloy bonding wires, and solder materials.
- copper or copper alloy wiring, copper or copper alloy bonding wires, and solder are used to bond or seal Si chips such as IC and LSI to lead frames and ceramic packages It is used for TAB (tape automated bonding), bump formation at the time of flip chip manufacturing, semiconductor wiring materials, and the like.
- TAB tape automated bonding
- the density is increased and the operating voltage and cell capacity are reduced, there is an increased risk of soft errors due to the influence of ⁇ rays from the material in the vicinity of the semiconductor chip. For these reasons, there is a demand for high purity of copper or copper alloy, and a material with less ⁇ -rays is required.
- Patent Document 1 describes a method for producing low ⁇ -ray tin, in which tin and lead having an ⁇ dose of 10 cph / cm 2 or less are alloyed and then refining is performed to remove lead contained in tin. The purpose of this technique is to dilute 210 Pb in tin by adding high-purity Pb to reduce the ⁇ dose.
- Patent Document 2 when a material selected from Na, Sr, K, Cr, Nb, Mn, V, Ta, Si, Zr, and Ba is added to Sn—Pb alloy solder at 10 to 5000 ppm, There is a description that the count number decreases to 0.5 cph / cm 2 or less. However, the number of radiation ⁇ particles can be reduced by the addition of such a material at a level of 0.015 cph / cm 2 , which does not reach a level that can be expected as a material for a semiconductor device today. A further problem is that elements that are undesirable when mixed in a semiconductor, such as alkali metal elements, transition metal elements, and heavy metal elements, are used as materials to be added. Therefore, it must be said that the material for assembling the semiconductor device is a material having a low level.
- Patent Document 3 describes that the count of radiation ⁇ particles emitted from a solder fine wire is 0.5 cph / cm 2 or less and used for connection wiring of a semiconductor device or the like. However, this level of radiation ⁇ particle count level does not reach the level that can be expected for today's semiconductor device materials.
- Patent Document 4 lead concentration is low by electrolysis using sulfuric acid and hydrochloric acid with high purity such as special grade sulfuric acid and special grade hydrochloric acid and using high purity tin as an anode. It is described that high-purity tin having an ⁇ -ray count number of 0.005 cph / cm 2 or less is obtained. It is natural that a high-purity material can be obtained by using raw materials (reagents) with a high purity without considering the cost, but it is still the lowest ⁇ of the precipitated tin shown in the example of Patent Document 4 The line count is 0.002 cph / cm 2 , and the expected level is not reached for the high cost.
- Patent Document 5 nitric acid is added to a heated aqueous solution to which crude metal tin is added to precipitate metastannic acid, which is filtered and washed, and the washed metastannic acid is dissolved with hydrochloric acid or hydrofluoric acid.
- a method for obtaining metal tin of 5N or more by electrowinning using this solution as an electrolyte is described.
- Patent Document 6 discloses a technique in which the amount of Pb contained in Sn constituting the solder alloy is reduced and Bi or Sb, Ag, Zn is used as the alloy material. However, in this case, even if Pb is reduced as much as possible, a means for fundamentally solving the problem of the count number of radiation ⁇ particles caused by Pb inevitably mixed in is not shown.
- Patent Document 7 listed below discloses tin produced by electrolysis using a special grade sulfuric acid reagent and having a quality of 99.99% or more and a radiation ⁇ particle count of 0.03 cph / cm 2 or less. Yes. In this case as well, it is natural that a high-purity material can be obtained if high-purity raw materials (reagents) are used without considering the cost. The lowest ⁇ -ray count number is 0.003 cph / cm 2 , and the expected level is not reached for the high cost.
- Patent Document 8 listed below describes lead for a brazing material for semiconductor devices, having a grade of 4 nines or more, a radioisotope of less than 50 ppm, and a radiation ⁇ particle count of 0.5 cph / cm 2 or less.
- Patent Document 9 below discloses a tin for a brazing material for a semiconductor device having a quality of 99.95% or more, a radioisotope of less than 30 ppm, and a radiation ⁇ particle count of 0.2 cph / cm 2 or less. Are listed. All of these have a problem that the allowable amount of the count number of the radiation ⁇ particles is moderate and has not reached a level that can be expected as a material for a semiconductor device today.
- the present applicant has high-purity tin, that is, a purity of 5 N or more (except for gas components of O, C, N, H, S, and P).
- the contents of each of the radioactive elements U and Th are 5 ppb or less
- the contents of each of Pb and Bi that emit radiation ⁇ particles are 1 ppm or less to eliminate the influence of ⁇ rays on the semiconductor chip as much as possible.
- the high-purity tin is finally manufactured by melting, casting, and rolling / cutting if necessary, and the ⁇ -ray count of the high-purity tin is 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less. It relates to the technology that realizes.
- Po has a very high sublimation property, and Po sublimes when heated in a manufacturing process such as a melting / casting process. If the polonium isotope 210 Po is removed at the initial stage of production, it is natural that the polonium isotope 210 Po is not transformed into the lead isotope 206 Pb, and ⁇ rays are not generated. This is because the generation of ⁇ -rays in the manufacturing process was considered to be the time of disintegration from 210 Po to the lead isotope 206 Pb. However, in fact, it was thought that Po was almost lost at the time of manufacture, but generation of ⁇ rays was continuously observed. Therefore, simply reducing the ⁇ -ray count of high-purity tin at the initial stage of manufacture cannot be said to be a fundamental solution.
- Patent Document 12 there is a description of a method for producing high-purity copper for bonding wires of a semiconductor device.
- the total content of inevitable impurities is 5 ppm or less, and the contents of S, Se, and Te components in the inevitable impurities, It is described that S: 0.5 ppm or less, Se: 0.2 ppm or less, Te: 0.2 ppm or less, Vickers hardness, elongation, and breaking strength are improved.
- Patent Document 13 describes that as a method for producing a copper material for bonding wires, purification by electrolytic refining ⁇ vacuum melting ⁇ zone melting method.
- Patent Document 14 describes Fe, P, and In, and at least one bonding wire of Sn, Pb, and Sb.
- Patent Document 15 describes a method for manufacturing a bonding wire material with a solidification rate adjusted as a method for manufacturing a bonding wire material for a semiconductor element.
- Patent Document 16 describes a conductor bending or cable body bending high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloy, containing Fe and P, and containing two kinds selected from In, Sn, Pb, and Sb and Zr. Is described.
- Patent Document 17 describes a heat-resistant, high-strength, high-conductivity copper alloy, and describes that it contains two types selected from Fe, P-containing, In, Sn, Pb, and Sb and Zr.
- Patent Document 18 discloses that an anode and a cathode are separated by a diaphragm, and a Cu ion-containing electrolytic solution eluted from the anode is extracted and immediately opened in a cathode box with an opening of about 0.1 ⁇ m.
- Patent Document 19 is based on the premise of high purity by electrolytic collection or electrolytic purification, impurities are removed from the anolyte of the copper-containing solution by acid and activated carbon treatment, and the removed high purity copper liquid is catholyte.
- Patent Document 20 uses a diaphragm electrolytic cell in which an anode (anode) chamber and a cathode (cathode) chamber are separated by a diaphragm, and supplies the cathode chamber using a chalcopyrite leachate in a chlorine bath as an electrolyte.
- a technique is described in which electrolytic copper is collected by electrolytic reduction at the cathode surface.
- electrolytic copper is collected by electrolytic reduction at the cathode surface.
- the present invention elucidates the phenomenon of ⁇ -ray generation of copper or a copper alloy, and uses copper or a copper alloy with a reduced ⁇ dose that can be applied to a required material, and copper or a copper alloy as a raw material. It is an object to obtain a bonding wire to be used.
- Copper or copper alloy wherein the ⁇ dose of the sample after melting and casting is 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less. 2) Characteristically, each ⁇ dose is 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less after 1 week, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months and 30 months after melting and casting. Copper or copper alloy. 3) The copper or copper alloy according to 1) or 2) above, wherein the purity is 4N (99.99%) or more. In the case of this copper alloy, the purity includes Cu as a base (base) and additive elements. 4) The copper or copper alloy according to any one of 1) to 3) above, wherein the Pb content is 0.1 ppm or less. 5) A bonding wire using the copper or copper alloy according to any one of 1 to 4 as a raw material.
- oxygen-free copper of 4N to 5N is usually used, lead is contained in an amount of 0.1 wtppm or more, and the amount of ⁇ rays generated is 0.001 cph / cm 2. Is over.
- lead since it was conventionally thought that there was no need for low ⁇ rays, it can be said that there was no motivation to reduce.
- Po has very high sublimability, and Po is sublimated when heated in the manufacturing process, for example, the melting / casting process. If the polonium isotope 210 Po is removed in the production process, it is considered that the polonium isotope 210 Po does not change into the lead isotope 206 Pb, and ⁇ rays are not generated (see “U” in FIG. 1). See Collapse chain). However, in the state isotope 210 Po little of polonium, caused the collapse of 210 Pb ⁇ 210 Bi ⁇ 210 Po ⁇ 206 Pb. And it turned out that it takes about 27 months (a little over 2 years) for this broken chain to be in an equilibrium state (refer FIG. 2).
- FIG. 3 shows the relationship between the Pb content in Cu and the ⁇ dose.
- the straight line shown in FIG. 3 is shifted up and down depending on the ratio of the lead isotopes 214 Pb, 210 Pb, 209 Pb, 208 Pb, 207 Pb, 206 Pb, and 204 Pb, and the ratio of the lead isotope 210 Pb is large. It turns out that it shifts up.
- the lead isotope 210 Pb in copper, and by reducing Pb to 0.1 ppm or less, the lead isotope 210 Pb can also be reduced as a result. Therefore, the ⁇ dose does not increase with time. Further, the low abundance ratio of the lead isotope 206 Pb means that the ratio of the U-decay chain shown in FIG. 1 is relatively small, and the lead isotope 210 Pb belonging to this series also decreases. It is done.
- the ⁇ dose of the melted and cast copper can be 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less. It is the basis of the present invention that the ⁇ dose is at this level, and it can be said that there has been no disclosure or suggestion in the prior art that the above is achieved with such recognition.
- the polonium isotope 210 Po that generates alpha rays due to the decay of lead to the isotope 206 Pb after 1 week, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months after melting and casting.
- Pb cannot be removed by the diaphragm electrolysis method of the present invention because Pb does not precipitate in the hydrochloric acid bath used in the electrolytic purification of low ⁇ (reduced ⁇ dose) such as tin.
- a nitric acid bath is also used.
- Pb does not precipitate, and therefore Pb cannot be removed by the diaphragm electrolysis method of the present case.
- Pb is removed by a diaphragm electrolysis method to achieve a low ⁇ (a reduction in ⁇ dose).
- BG background ⁇ ray measuring apparatus
- ⁇ dose is a substantial ⁇ dose obtained by removing ⁇ rays emitted from the ⁇ ray measuring apparatus.
- the “ ⁇ dose” described in the present specification is used in this sense.
- the ⁇ dose generated from copper or a copper alloy has been described.
- an alloy containing copper or a copper alloy is also strongly influenced by the ⁇ dose.
- the effects of ⁇ dose may be mitigated by components other than copper that have little or little ⁇ dose, but at least in the case of a copper alloy containing 40% or more of copper in the alloy component, the ⁇ dose is It can be said that it is desirable to use less copper of the present invention.
- the electrolytic solution is a copper sulfate solution, and a diaphragm is provided between the anode and the cathode, and after removing deposits, particularly lead sulfate, extracted from the anode side, the electrolyte solution is supplied to the cathode side.
- the diaphragm electrolysis method of the present invention is characterized by using a copper sulfate solution (for example, Cu concentration of 30 to 200 g / L) and using an anion exchange membrane so that Pb 2+ ions do not pass through the diaphragm.
- lead can be removed to a level of 0.1 ppm by a diaphragm electrolysis method using a copper sulfate solution as an electrolytic solution and using an anion exchange membrane.
- the copper or copper alloy of the present invention thus obtained has an excellent effect that the occurrence of soft errors due to the influence of ⁇ rays of the semiconductor device can be remarkably reduced.
- a diaphragm electrolysis method using a copper sulfate solution as an electrolytic solution and an anion exchange membrane is an effective method, but it is a production method capable of reducing the ⁇ dose to 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less. If so, it will be easily understood that the present invention is not limited to this method.
- Example 1 Crude copper (purity of about 99%) after being purified in the converter in the copper refining process was used as a raw material anode, and electrolytic purification was performed with a copper sulfate solution. Since lead contained in the crude copper precipitates as lead sulfate, diaphragm electrolysis using an anion exchange membrane was used to prevent the precipitate from being involved in electrodeposition. Crude copper was electrodissolved at the anode, the liquid having a predetermined copper concentration was extracted with a pump, and after filtration, a liquid without precipitates was sent to the cathode to obtain electrodeposition. As a result, a 4N copper electrodeposit having a low lead concentration was obtained. The contents of Pb, U, and Th were ⁇ 0.01 wtppm, ⁇ 5 wtppb, and ⁇ 5 wtppb, respectively.
- the recovered electrodeposited copper was washed and dried, melted and cast at a temperature of 1200 ° C., and the change with time in the ⁇ dose was examined immediately after melting and casting.
- the sample for ⁇ -ray measurement was obtained by rolling a melted and cast plate to a thickness of about 1.5 mm and cutting it into a 310 mm ⁇ 310 mm plate. This surface area is 961 cm 2 . This was used as an ⁇ -ray measurement sample.
- Gas Flow Proportional Counter model 8600A-LB manufactured by Ordella was used as the ⁇ -ray measuring apparatus.
- the gas used is 90% argon-10% methane
- the measurement time is 104 hours for both the background and the sample
- the first 4 hours are from 5 hours to 104 hours after the measurement chamber purge.
- the ⁇ dose was used for data from 5 to 104 hours after 1 week, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, and 6 months after melting and casting. .
- the polonium isotope 210 Po which generates ⁇ -rays due to the decay of lead into the isotope 206 Pb after 1 week, 3 weeks, 1 month, 2 months, 6 months, and lead isotope 206 Pb
- the ⁇ dose is at most 0.001 cph / cm 2 . Yes, the conditions of the present invention were satisfied.
- the alloy elements to be added are usually Al, Ag, B, Ba, Be, Bi, Ca, Ce, Co, Cr, Dy, Eu, Gd, Ge, In, Ir, La Add several tens to several hundred wtppm of one or more selected from Mg, Mo, Nd, Ni, P, Pd, Pt, Rh, Ru, Sb, Si, Sn, Sr, Y, Ti, Yb, Zn, Zr To be done.
- Example 1 Commercially available oxygen-free copper was melt-cast and an ⁇ -ray sample was produced in the same manner as in Example 1.
- the Pb, U, and Th contents were 1 wtppm, ⁇ 5 wtppb, and ⁇ 5 wtppb, respectively.
- the ⁇ dose was 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less immediately after the melt casting, but gradually increased. This is because the ⁇ dose temporarily decreased because Po evaporated in the melting / casting process, but because the Pb content was 1 wtppm, it was considered that the collapse chain was built again and the ⁇ dose increased. As a result, the object of the present invention could not be achieved.
- Example 2 The copper ingot produced by the method of Example 1 was made into a wire having a diameter of 25 ⁇ m by drawing.
- the ⁇ ray was spread on the sample tray of the ⁇ ray measuring apparatus and the ⁇ ray was measured by the same method as in Example 1.
- the ⁇ dose did not increase and was stably 0.001 cph / cm 2 or less. From the above, this processed copper wire can be effectively used as a copper bonding wire.
- Comparative Example 3 The copper ingot produced by the method of Comparative Example 1 and Comparative Example 2 was drawn into a wire having a diameter of 25 ⁇ m. As a result of laying measurement on the sample tray of the ⁇ ray measuring apparatus, the ⁇ dose was about 0.001 cph / cm 2 immediately after the drawing process, but this gradually increased. From the above, this processed copper wire is not an effective material as a copper bonding wire.
- the present invention has an excellent effect of providing a bonding wire made of copper or a copper alloy and a copper or copper alloy as a raw material, which can be applied to a material having a small amount of ⁇ -rays. It can be eliminated as much as possible. Therefore, it is possible to significantly reduce the occurrence of soft errors due to the influence of ⁇ -rays on semiconductor devices, and it is useful as a material for locations where copper or copper alloys such as copper or copper alloy wiring, copper or copper alloy bonding wires, solder materials are used. .
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Abstract
Description
最近の半導体装置は、高密度化及び動作電圧やセルの容量が低下しているので、半導体チップ近傍の材料からのα線の影響により、ソフトエラーが発生する危険が多くなってきた。このようなことから、銅又は銅合金の高純度化の要求があり、またα線の少ない材料が求められている。
下記特許文献1には、錫とα線量が10cph/cm2以下の鉛を合金化した後、錫に含まれる鉛を除去する精錬を行う低α線錫の製造方法が記載されている。この技術の目的は高純度Pbの添加により錫中の210Pbを希釈してα線量を低減しようとするものである。
しかし、この場合、錫に添加した後で、Pbをさらに除去しなければならないという煩雑な工程が必要であり、また錫を精錬した3年後にはα線量が大きく低下した数値を示しているが、3年を経ないとこのα線量が低下した錫を使用できないというようにも理解されるので、産業的には効率が良い方法とは言えない。
しかし、このような材料の添加によっても放射線α粒子のカウント数を減少できたのは0.015cph/cm2レベルであり、今日の半導体装置用材料としては期待できるレベルには達していない。
さらに問題となるのは、添加する材料としてアルカリ金属元素、遷移金属元素、重金属元素など、半導体に混入しては好ましくない元素が用いられていることである。したがって、半導体装置組立て用材料としてはレベルが低い材料と言わざるを得ない。
これらはいずれも、放射線α粒子のカウント数の許容量が緩やかで、今日の半導体装置用材料としては期待できるレベルには達していない問題がある。
製造工程でのα線の発生は、この210Poから鉛の同位体206Pbへの壊変時と考えられたからである。しかし、実際には、製造時にPoが殆ど消失したと考えられていたのに、引き続きα線の発生が見られた。したがって、単に製造初期の段階で、高純度錫のα線カウント数を低減させるだけでは、根本的な問題の解決とは言えなかった。
この他、銅又は銅合金ボンディングワイヤに関する特許文献があるが、α線量に関する開示は見当たらない。以下に、銅又は銅合金ボンディングワイヤに関する特許文献を列挙し、簡単に説明する。
特許文献13には、ボンディングワイヤ用銅素材の製造方法として、電解精錬→真空溶解→帯域融解法により精製することが記載されている。
特許文献14には、Fe、P、Inを含有し、Sn、Pb、Sbのうち少なくとも1種以上のボンディングワイヤが記載されている。
特許文献16には、導線用またはケーブル用体屈曲高力高導電性銅合金が記載され、Fe、Pを含有し、In、Sn、Pb、Sbから選択される2種とZrを含有することが記載されている。
特許文献17には、耐熱高力高導電性銅合金が記載され、Fe、P含有、In、Sn、Pb、Sbから選択される2種とZrを含有することが記載されている。
しかし、これらの銅の精製方法においてα線を減少させるという技術開示はない。
1)溶解・鋳造した後の試料のα線量が0.001cph/cm2以下であることを特徴とする銅又は銅合金。
2)溶解・鋳造から1週間後、3週間後、1ヵ月後、2ヵ月後、6ヵ月後及び30ヵ月後の、それぞれのα線量が0.001cph/cm2以下であることを特徴とする銅又は銅合金。
3)純度が4N(99.99%)以上であることを特徴とする上記1)又は2)記載の銅又は銅合金。
この銅合金の場合、ベース(基)となるCuと添加元素を含めた純度である。
4)Pb含有量が0.1ppm以下であることを特徴とする上記1)~3)のいずれか一項に記載の銅又は銅合金。
5)上記1~4のいずれか一項に記載の銅又は銅合金を原料とするボンディングワイヤ。
半導体装置に近接して使用される、銅又は銅合金配線、銅又は銅合金ボンディングワイヤ、はんだ材料には、銅又は銅合金を原料とする材料が開発されており、低α線の銅又は銅合金材料が求められている。
しかし、ポロニウムの同位体210Poが殆どない状態において、210Pb→210Bi→210Po→206Pbの崩壊が起こる。そして、この崩壊チェーンが平衡状態になるには約27ヶ月(2年強)を要することが分かった(図2参照)。
従って、製品製造直後はα線量が低くても問題は解決せず、時間の経過とともに徐々にα線量が高くなり、ソフトエラーが起こる危険性が高まるという問題が生ずるのである。前記約27ヶ月(2年強)は、決して短い期間ではない。
図3にCu中のPb含有量とα線量との関係を示す。この図3に示す直線は、鉛の同位体214Pb、210Pb、209Pb、208Pb、207Pb、206Pb、204Pbの割合によって上下にシフトし、鉛の同位体210Pbの割合が大きいほど上にシフトすることが分かった。
また、鉛の同位体206Pbの存在比が少ないということは、図1に示すU崩壊チェーンの比率が相対的に小さいということであり、この系列に属する鉛の同位体210Pbも少なくなると考えられる。
具体的には、溶解・鋳造から1週間後、3週間後、1ヵ月後、2ヵ月後、6ヵ月後及び鉛の同位体206Pbへの壊変によるα線を発生させるポロニウムの同位体210Poがない状態において、210Pb→210Bi→210Po→206Pbの崩壊チェーンが平衡状態になる27ヶ月を過ぎた30ヵ月後の、それぞれのα線量が0.001cph/cm2以下である銅又は銅合金を提供する。
電解液は硫酸銅溶液とし、陽極と陰極の間に隔膜を設け、陽極側から抜き出した電解液中の析出物、特に硫酸鉛を除去した後に陰極側に電解液を供給する。
本発明の隔膜電解法は、硫酸銅溶液(例えばCu濃度30~200g/L)を用いること、隔膜はPb2+イオンが通過しないように陰イオン交換膜を用いることに特徴がある。隔膜電解を行っても、陽イオン交換膜を用いた場合には、Pb2+イオンが通過してしまい、カソード側の電析銅に鉛が混入してしまうので、上記の通り、陰イオン交換膜を用いる必要がある。また、電解液中から析出物の硫酸鉛の除去は、フィルターを用いた濾過により行う。
なお、上記の通り、硫酸銅溶液を電解液として用い、陰イオン交換膜を用いた隔膜電解法は有効な方法であるが、α線量を0.001cph/cm2以下とすることができる製法であれば、この方法に限定されないことは容易に理解できるであろう。
銅精錬工程における転炉で精製された後の粗銅(純度約99%)を原料アノードとし、硫酸銅溶液で電解精製を行った。粗銅中に含有されている鉛は硫酸鉛として析出するので、析出物が電析に巻き込まれるのを防止するために陰イオン交換膜を用いた隔膜電解とした。
陽極で粗銅を電気溶解し、所定の銅濃度になった液をポンプで抜き取り、ろ過後、析出物のない液を陰極に送り、電析を得た。これにより、鉛濃度の低い純度4Nの銅電析物を得た。Pb, U, Thの含有量は それぞれ<0.01wtppm, <5wtppb, <5wtppbだった。
この銅合金の製造の場合において、溶解・鋳造の際に、ベース(基)となるCuを含め、銅合金に含まれるPb, U, Thの含有量を、それぞれ<0.01wtppm, <5wtppb, <5wtppbとすることが重要であり、本実施例では、これらの銅合金の製造においても、同様に、α線量を測定した結果、α線量を最大でも0.001cph/cm2を達成することができた。
市販無酸素銅を溶解鋳造し、実施例1と同様の方法でα線試料を作製した。Pb, U, Th含有量はそれぞれ1wtppm, <5wtppb, <5wtppbであった。
溶解鋳造直後からα線量の経時変化を調べた結果、α線量は、溶解鋳造直後は0.001cph/cm2以下であったが徐々に増加した。これは溶解・鋳造工程でPoが蒸発したために一時的にα線量が低くなったが、Pbが1wtppm含有されているために、再び崩壊チェーンが構築されてα線量が増加したと考えられる。この結果、本願発明の目的を達成することはできなかった。
銅精錬工程における転炉で精製された後の粗銅(純度約99%)を原料アノードとし、硫酸銅溶液で隔膜を用いずに電解精製を行った。その結果Pb, U, Thの含有量が それぞれ0.2wtppm, <5wtppb, <wt5ppbであった。
溶解鋳造直後からα線量の経時変化を調べた結果、α線量は、溶解鋳造直後は0.001cph/cm2以下であったが徐々に増加した。これは溶解・鋳造工程でPoが蒸発したために一時的にα線量が低くなったが、Pbが0.2wtppm含有されているために再び崩壊チェーンが構築されてα線量が増加したと考えられる。この結果、本願発明の目的を達成することはできなかった。
実施例1の方法で作製した銅インゴットを、線引き加工により直径25μmのワイヤとした。α線測定装置の試料トレイに敷き詰め、実施例1と同様の方法でα線を測定した結果、α線量は増加せず、安定して0.001cph/cm2以下であった。以上から、この加工した銅ワイヤは、銅ボンディングワイヤとして、有効に利用できる。
比較例1及び比較例2の方法で作製した銅インゴットを線引き加工により直径25μmのワイヤとした。α線測定装置の試料トレイに敷き詰め測定した結果、α線量は、線引き加工直後は0.001cph/cm2程度であったが、これが徐々に増加した。以上から、この加工した銅ワイヤは、銅ボンディングワイヤとして、有効な材料とは言えない。
Claims (5)
- 溶解・鋳造した後の試料のα線量が0.001cph/cm2以下であることを特徴とする銅又は銅合金。
- 溶解・鋳造から1週間後、3週間後、1ヵ月後、2ヵ月後、6ヵ月後及び30ヵ月後の試料の、それぞれのα線量が0.001cph/cm2以下であることを特徴とする銅又は銅合金。
- 純度が4N(99.99%)以上であることを特徴とする請求項1又は2記載の銅又は銅合金。
- Pb含有量が0.1ppm以下であることを特徴とする請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の銅又は銅合金。
- 請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の銅又は銅合金を原料とするボンディングワイヤ。
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| SG2013060942A SG192717A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | Copper or copper alloy, bonding wire, method of producing the copper, method of producing the copper alloy, and method of producing the bonding wire. |
| US14/000,886 US9597754B2 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | Copper or copper alloy, bonding wire, method of producing the copper, method of producing the copper alloy, and method of producing the bonding wire |
| KR1020137023523A KR101623629B1 (ko) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | 구리 또는 구리 합금, 본딩 와이어, 구리의 제조 방법, 구리 합금의 제조 방법 및 본딩 와이어의 제조 방법 |
| PH1/2013/501843A PH12013501843A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | Copper or copper alloy, bonding wire, method of producing the copper, method of producing the copper alloy, and method of producing the bonding wire |
| EP12754623.2A EP2684970A4 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | COPPER OR COPPER ALLOY WITH REDUCED GAMMA RADIATION EMISSION AND REMOVABLE COPPER WIRE FROM COPPER OR COPPER ALLOY |
| CN201280012387.1A CN103415633B (zh) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | 铜或铜合金、接合线、铜的制造方法、铜合金的制造方法及接合线的制造方法 |
| JP2013503437A JP5690917B2 (ja) | 2011-03-07 | 2012-02-15 | 銅又は銅合金、ボンディングワイヤ、銅の製造方法、銅合金の製造方法及びボンディングワイヤの製造方法 |
| PH12017501498A PH12017501498A1 (en) | 2011-03-07 | 2017-08-17 | COPPER OR COPPER ALLOY REDUCED IN a-RAY EMISSION, AND BONDING WIRE OBTAINED FROM COPPER OR COPPER ALLOY AS RAW MATERIAL |
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| KR20220152208A (ko) | 2020-03-12 | 2022-11-15 | 린텍 가부시키가이샤 | 보호막 형성용 시트 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| US20140010705A1 (en) | 2014-01-09 |
| EP2684970A4 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| US9597754B2 (en) | 2017-03-21 |
| KR101623629B1 (ko) | 2016-05-23 |
| JPWO2012120982A1 (ja) | 2014-07-17 |
| PH12017501498A1 (en) | 2019-01-14 |
| PH12013501843A1 (en) | 2022-04-08 |
| JP5690917B2 (ja) | 2015-03-25 |
| CN103415633B (zh) | 2015-09-09 |
| KR20130116944A (ko) | 2013-10-24 |
| TW201241194A (en) | 2012-10-16 |
| SG192717A1 (en) | 2013-09-30 |
| TWI535866B (zh) | 2016-06-01 |
| CN103415633A (zh) | 2013-11-27 |
| EP2684970A1 (en) | 2014-01-15 |
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