WO2012029858A1 - 塗工液、導電性塗工膜、蓄電装置用電極板及び蓄電装置 - Google Patents
塗工液、導電性塗工膜、蓄電装置用電極板及び蓄電装置 Download PDFInfo
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- WO2012029858A1 WO2012029858A1 PCT/JP2011/069785 JP2011069785W WO2012029858A1 WO 2012029858 A1 WO2012029858 A1 WO 2012029858A1 JP 2011069785 W JP2011069785 W JP 2011069785W WO 2012029858 A1 WO2012029858 A1 WO 2012029858A1
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- storage device
- power storage
- current collector
- coating film
- electrode plate
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
- C09D5/00—Coating compositions, e.g. paints, varnishes or lacquers, characterised by their physical nature or the effects produced; Filling pastes
- C09D5/24—Electrically-conducting paints
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/06—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances
- H01B1/12—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors mainly consisting of other non-metallic substances organic substances
- H01B1/122—Ionic conductors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
- H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
- H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
- H01B1/24—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising carbon-silicon compounds, carbon or silicon
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/04—Hybrid capacitors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/26—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features
- H01G11/28—Electrodes characterised by their structure, e.g. multi-layered, porosity or surface features arranged or disposed on a current collector; Layers or phases between electrodes and current collectors, e.g. adhesives
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/22—Electrodes
- H01G11/30—Electrodes characterised by their material
- H01G11/32—Carbon-based
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/66—Current collectors
- H01G11/68—Current collectors characterised by their material
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01G—CAPACITORS; CAPACITORS, RECTIFIERS, DETECTORS, SWITCHING DEVICES, LIGHT-SENSITIVE OR TEMPERATURE-SENSITIVE DEVICES OF THE ELECTROLYTIC TYPE
- H01G11/00—Hybrid capacitors, i.e. capacitors having different positive and negative electrodes; Electric double-layer [EDL] capacitors; Processes for the manufacture thereof or of parts thereof
- H01G11/74—Terminals, e.g. extensions of current collectors
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/621—Binders
- H01M4/622—Binders being polymers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/62—Selection of inactive substances as ingredients for active masses, e.g. binders, fillers
- H01M4/624—Electric conductive fillers
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/665—Composites
- H01M4/667—Composites in the form of layers, e.g. coatings
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
- H01M4/00—Electrodes
- H01M4/02—Electrodes composed of, or comprising, active material
- H01M4/64—Carriers or collectors
- H01M4/66—Selection of materials
- H01M4/668—Composites of electroconductive material and synthetic resins
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/10—Energy storage using batteries
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/13—Energy storage using capacitors
Definitions
- the present invention provides a coating liquid used for forming a conductive coating film disposed between a current collector and an electrode active material layer (hereinafter also referred to as an “electrode layer”), and a coating liquid used therefor.
- the present invention relates to a conductive coating film, a member for an electrode plate, an electrode plate for a power storage device, and a power storage device. More specifically, a coating that can form an electroconductive coating film between the current collector and the electrode layer that has excellent electrolytic solution resistance and oxidation resistance and can improve the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer.
- the present invention relates to a liquid, and a conductive coating film, an electrode plate member, an electrode plate for a power storage device, and a power storage device obtained using the same.
- chargeable / dischargeable batteries power storage devices
- lithium ion secondary batteries that are lightweight, have a high voltage and a large capacity, and electric double layer capacitors with good charge / discharge rate characteristics are often used.
- conventional batteries have high internal resistance and practical charge / discharge cycle characteristics at high rates. Not enough.
- the conventional battery does not have sufficient charge / discharge capacity from the viewpoint of cruising distance, and also has insufficient adhesion between the electrode active material layer and the metal current collector from the viewpoint of safety.
- R 10 represents H or —COCH 3
- R 11 and R 12 represent H or an ethyl group
- Patent Document 5 a method of coating the conductive composition after treating the current collector surface with a silane coupling agent or the like in advance has also been devised.
- this method when this method is used, an active material layer is formed through an insulating layer although it is thin, so that there is a problem in that the internal resistance value of the battery increases and the charge / discharge rate becomes slow.
- polyvinyl alcohol, a silane coupling agent, a current collector metal surface, a polycarboxylic acid that forms an ester bond with a hydroxyl group of polyvinyl alcohol or a silanol group of the silane coupling agent, and a conductive auxiliary agent A method using a blended conductive composition has been proposed (Patent Document 6).
- the method using this polycarboxylic acid can further improve the adhesion of the active material layer to the current collector than the conventional method using only polyvinyl alcohol or the method using silanol group-modified polyvinyl alcohol, and charge / discharge characteristics at a high rate. Can be further improved.
- the positive electrode plate of the lithium ion secondary battery is subjected to extremely strong oxidation conditions.
- the negative electrode plate is subjected to extremely strong reducing conditions. For this reason, the coating film formed on the current collector surface also suffers from deterioration and destruction due to these severe conditions, and the development of a coating film having high oxidation resistance is desired. .
- the present invention has been made in view of such problems of the prior art, and the problem is that it is excellent in electrolytic solution resistance and oxidation resistance, and is used for collecting current such as aluminum foil and copper foil.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a coating liquid capable of forming a conductive electrode film having high adhesion to a body and low surface resistivity.
- the subject of the present invention is a conductive coating having excellent electrolytic solution resistance and oxidation resistance, high adhesion to a current collector such as an aluminum foil or copper foil, and low surface resistivity.
- An object of the present invention is to provide a film, a member for an electrode plate provided with the conductive coating film, an electrode plate for a power storage device, and a method for manufacturing the electrode plate for the power storage device.
- an object of the present invention is to provide a power storage device having characteristics such as excellent charge / discharge efficiency (cycle characteristics), large discharge capacity, and low internal resistance.
- the conventional binder had a structure in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group of polyvinyl alcohol was replaced with Si. That is, as described in the following formula (B), since the structure (siloxane bond) in which the hydrogen of the hydroxyl group of polyvinyl alcohol is replaced with Si is easily broken electrochemically, the coating layer can be easily formed during charge and discharge. It was found that this peeled and this caused deterioration of battery characteristics.
- the present invention solves the above problems by using a coating liquid containing a vinyl carboxylate copolymer in which Si is directly bonded to the skeleton carbon of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer, a polymer acid, a conductive material, and a polar solvent.
- a coating liquid containing a vinyl carboxylate copolymer in which Si is directly bonded to the skeleton carbon of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer a polymer acid, a conductive material, and a polar solvent.
- a coating liquid used for forming a conductive coating film on the surface of a current collector constituting an electrode plate for a power storage device wherein (A) a polymer acid and (B) the following general formula
- R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H, Na, an organic group derived from a vinyl carboxylate monomer, and a cation capable of constituting an electrolyte of a power storage device
- R 2 to R 4 are Are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Na, C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups, and cations that can constitute the electrolyte of the power storage device, and the ratio of m to n (m / n) is 0.0001.
- [2] The coating solution according to [1], wherein the cation is lithium or tetraalkylammonium.
- the conductive material is at least one selected from the group consisting of acetylene black, ketjen black, graphite, furnace black, single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanofibers, and single-walled or multi-walled carbon nanotubes [1] ] To [4].
- the content of the polymer acid is 0.1 to 3 parts by mass with respect to 1 part by mass of the conductive material, and the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer is 0 with respect to 1 part by mass of the conductive material.
- the coating solution according to any one of [1] to [7] further including a crosslinking agent.
- the electroconductive coating film shown below is provided.
- Conductive coating film is 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less when formed on a glass plate with a dry film thickness of 4 ⁇ m.
- an electrode plate member comprising: a current collector; and the conductive coating film according to any one of [9] to [11] disposed on a surface of the current collector.
- the electrode plate for electrical storage apparatuses shown below and its manufacturing method are provided.
- An electrode plate for a power storage device comprising: the electrode plate member according to [12]; and an electrode active material layer disposed on a surface of the conductive coating film.
- the electrode plate for a power storage device according to [13] wherein the current collector is a copper foil, and the negative electrode active material is contained in the electrode active material layer.
- the polar solvent contained in the coating liquid is removed by heating, or while removing the polar solvent, 1 at 80 to 250 ° C.
- a power storage device comprising the electrode plate for a power storage device according to any one of [13] to [16].
- the power storage device according to [19] which is a secondary battery or a capacitor.
- the coating liquid of the present invention has high adhesion to the current collector because the active hydrogen present on the current collector surface and the silicon element of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer are substituted and chemically bonded.
- the “—C—O—Si—” bond structure that is easily decomposed electrochemically with respect to the main chain is not formed, an electrochemically stable conductive coating film can be formed.
- the coating liquid of the present invention is used, the electrolytic solution resistance and the oxidation resistance are excellent between the current collector and the electrode layer constituting the electrode plate for the power storage device, and aluminum foil, copper foil, etc. It is possible to form a conductive electrode film that becomes an undercoat layer having high adhesion to the current collector and having low surface resistivity.
- an electrode plate member in which an electrode layer excellent in adhesion, oxidation resistance, and electrolytic solution resistance is provided on the surface of a current collector such as an aluminum foil or a copper foil. . Furthermore, since the contact resistance between the current collector and the electrode layer is also improved, an electrode plate for a power storage device such as an electrode plate for a battery or a polarizable electrode plate for a capacitor having excellent characteristics, and a power storage device including the same Can be provided.
- the coating liquid of the present invention it is possible to form a conductive coating film having stronger adhesion than the conventional conductive coating layer, so that conductive chipping is less likely to occur when slitting the electrode. Accidents resulting from time shorts can be prevented.
- the coating liquid of this invention is a coating liquid used in order to form an electroconductive coating film on the surface of the electrical power collector which comprises the electrode plate for electrical storage apparatuses.
- the coating liquid of the present invention includes (A) a polymer acid, (B) a vinyl carboxylate copolymer represented by the following general formula (1), (C) a conductive material, and (D) A polar solvent. The details will be described below.
- R 1 is selected from the group consisting of H, Na, an organic group derived from a vinyl carboxylate monomer, and a cation capable of constituting an electrolyte of a power storage device
- R 2 to R 4 are Are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Na, C 1 -C 6 alkyl groups, and cations that can constitute the electrolyte of the power storage device, and the ratio of m to n (m / n) is 0.0001.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains a polymer acid.
- the “polymer acid” in the present specification refers to a polymer having a plurality of acidic groups such as carboxyl groups and phosphoric acid groups, and a polymer obtained by polymerizing a plurality of carboxylic acid compounds and phosphoric acid compounds.
- the acidic group may be a free acid or may form a salt.
- the polymer acid may be a homopolymer or a copolymer.
- the polymer acid contained in the coating liquid of the present invention is a component having a function as a cross-linking agent that cross-links and cures a vinyl carboxylate copolymer described later.
- polymer acid a homopolymer of a carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer and a copolymer of a carboxyl group-containing vinyl monomer and a carboxyl group-free vinyl monomer are preferable.
- More preferred polymer acids include homopolymers such as phthalocyanine polycarboxylic acid, phytic acid, hexametaphosphoric acid, polyphosphoric acid, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, and copolymers thereof; styrene / maleic acid copolymer Examples thereof include polymers, isobutylene / maleic acid copolymers, vinyl ether / maleic acid copolymers, pectinic acid, polyglutamic acid, polymalic acid, polyaspartic acid, acrylic acid / maleic acid / vinyl alcohol copolymer, and the like.
- polyacrylic acid polyitaconic acid
- polymaleic acid are particularly preferable.
- the product name “Jurimer aqueous solution AC-10L” and the product name “Jurimer aqueous solution 10H”.
- These polyacrylic acids may be used singly or in combination of two or more while taking viscosity into consideration.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains a vinyl carboxylate copolymer represented by the general formula (1).
- R 1 in the general formula (1) is selected from the group consisting of H, Na, an organic group derived from a vinyl carboxylate monomer, and a cation that can constitute the electrolyte of the power storage device.
- the organic group derived from the vinyl carboxylate monomer is an organic group derived from the vinyl carboxylate monomer that is the raw material of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer, and is an organic group obtained by removing carbonyloxy from the carboxylate portion of the vinyl carboxylate monomer. is there.
- vinyl carboxylate monomers include vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl caproate, vinyl caprylate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl myristate, vinyl palmitate, vinyl stearate, vinyl cyclohexanecarboxylate, Examples include vinyl piperate, vinyl octylate, vinyl monochloroacetate, vinyl adipate, vinyl methacrylate, vinyl crotonate, vinyl sorbate, vinyl benzoate, and vinyl cinnamate.
- the organic group derived from the vinyl carboxylate monomer is a C 1 to C 17 linear or branched alkyl group (for example, methyl group, ethyl group, propyl group, pentyl group, heptyl group) which may be substituted with halogen.
- the cation that can constitute the electrolyte of the power storage device is as described later, and examples thereof include tetraalkylammonium such as lithium, tetraethylammonium, or triethylmethylammonium.
- R 1 is preferably H, Na, or a cation capable of constituting the electrolyte of the power storage device, and more preferably a cation (particularly lithium) capable of constituting the electrolyte of the power storage device.
- the proportion of organic groups derived from the vinyl carboxylate monomer is preferably 30% or less (that is, the degree of saponification is 70% or more), and 20% or less (that is, the degree of saponification is 80% or more). More preferably, it is 10% or less (that is, the degree of saponification is 90% or more).
- R 2 to R 4 in the general formula (1) are independently selected from the group consisting of H, Na, a C 1 to C 6 alkyl group, and a cation that can constitute the electrolyte of the power storage device.
- the C 1 to C 6 alkyl group in R 2 to R 4 is a C 1 to C 6 linear or branched alkyl group, and examples thereof include a methyl group, an ethyl group, n-propyl, and n-butyl. An ethyl group is preferred.
- a cation that can constitute an electrolyte of a power storage device is a cation of an electrolyte that can be used as an electrolyte of a power storage device such as a secondary battery or a capacitor. I just need it.
- it is especially preferable that it is the electrolyte cation of the electrical storage apparatus manufactured using the coating liquid of this invention.
- a lithium ion secondary battery it is lithium.
- an electric double layer capacitor it is tetraalkylammonium.
- tetraethylammonium is used.
- triethylmethylammonium bis (trifluoromethanesulfonyl) imide triethylmethylammonium is used. is there.
- R 2 to R 4 in the general formula (1) are preferably Na or a cation capable of constituting the electrolyte of the power storage device, and more preferably a cation (particularly lithium) capable of constituting the electrolyte of the power storage device.
- R 1 to R 4 is preferably a cation capable of constituting the electrolyte of the power storage device.
- the substitution rate is 100% when all of R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (1) are substituted with the cation, the substitution rate of the cation is 5% or more from the viewpoint of battery capacity and life. It is preferable that it is 20% or more.
- cations other than lithium include alkali metals such as Na and K, and alkaline earth metals such as Be, Mg, Ca, and Sr.
- the ratio of m to n (m / n) is 0.0001 to 1, more preferably 0.005 to 0.5, and particularly preferably 0.01 to 0.1.
- M in the general formula (1) is preferably 1 to 10,000, more preferably 5 to 1,000, and particularly preferably 10 to 500.
- n is preferably 20 to 100,000, more preferably 200 to 20,000, and particularly preferably 300 to 1,000.
- Examples of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer include a copolymer obtained by reacting vinyl acetate and vinyltriethoxysilane (R 1 is a methyl group; R 2 to R 4 are ethyl groups).
- the vinyl acetate part of this copolymer can be saponified to a hydroxy group (R 1 and R 2 to R 4 are H).
- the saponification degree is preferably 50% or more, more preferably 80% or more, and particularly preferably 90% or more from the viewpoint of resistance to electrolytic solution. It is preferable to introduce Na or a cation capable of constituting the electrolyte of the power storage device into R 1 and R 2 to R 4 of the hydrolyzed vinyl carboxylate copolymer.
- the vinyl carboxylate compound used in addition to vinyl acetate includes vinyl propionate, vinyl butyrate, vinyl caproate, vinyl caprylate, vinyl caprate, vinyl laurate, vinyl myristate, vinyl palmitate, stearin.
- Vinyl acetate is preferable from the viewpoint of price and availability.
- the silane compound used in addition to vinyltriethoxysilane include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltripropoxysilane, and vinyltributoxysilane. Vinyltriethoxysilane is preferred from the viewpoint of price and availability.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains a vinyl carboxylate copolymer having a silanol group chemically bonded to a hydroxyl group present on the metal surface as a binder. For this reason, a conductive coating film having high adhesion to a metal current collector can be formed. In addition, a silicon atom is directly bonded to the main chain carbon of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer. For this reason, the electroconductive coating film which cannot be decomposed
- the silanols condense during storage to increase the viscosity or the conductive coating.
- the adhesion of the film does not decrease. Since sodium hydroxide is used when saponifying the vinyl acetate part, R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (1) are replaced with Na (Patent Document 7). It may interfere with ion conduction during discharge or lead to deterioration of battery characteristics. Therefore, it is more preferable that R 1 to R 4 in the general formula (1) are substituted with electrolyte cations.
- the coating liquid of the present invention is preferable as a coating liquid used for a current collector of a lithium ion secondary battery.
- a coating solution is obtained by replacing at least part of the hydrogen and hydroxyl group of the silanol group with lithium. For this reason, since it can become an ion source with respect to the deterioration by the condensation of silanols or the depletion of lithium ions due to the parasitic capacity when it is incorporated in a lithium ion secondary battery, it can contribute to the improvement of the charge / discharge capacity.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains a conductive material.
- the conductive material may be a conductive particle or filler, or an ionic liquid.
- conductive particles or fillers Ag, Cu, Au, Al, Mg, Rh, W, Mo, Co, Ni, Pt, Pd, Cr, Ta, Pb, V, Zr, Ti, In, Fe, Zn, etc.
- These conductive particles or fillers can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Furthermore, it is also preferable to use those obtained by treating the surface of these conductive particles or filler with a coupling agent or the like.
- the size of the particles is preferably in the range of 0.001 to 100 ⁇ m, more preferably in the range of 0.01 to 10 ⁇ m from the viewpoint of conductivity and liquidity.
- the liquid having ionicity may be a liquid in which ions are dissolved or an ionic liquid.
- liquid ions in which ions are dissolved include sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and lithium chloride when the solvent is water.
- the solvent is an organic substance such as dimethyl carbonate, lithium hexafluorophosphate and the like can be exemplified.
- Specific examples of the ionic liquid include 1,3-dimethylimidazolium methyl sulfate, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis (pentafluoroethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bromide and the like.
- Imidazolium salt derivatives such as 3-methyl-1-propylpyridium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide, 1-butyl-3-methylpyridinium bis (trifluoromethylsulfonyl) imide; tetrabutylammonium hepta Examples include alkylammonium derivatives such as decafluorooctane sulfonate and tetraphenylammonium methanesulfonate; phosphonium salt derivatives such as tetrabutylphosphonium methanesulfonate and the like. These ionic liquids may be used in combination with conductive particles or fillers.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains a polar solvent.
- a conventionally well-known thing can be used as a polar solvent.
- Specific examples of polar solvents include water; alcohols such as methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, and butyl alcohol; carbonates such as ethylene carbonate, ethyl methyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dimethyl carbonate, propylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; formamide N-methylformamide, N-ethylformamide, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-diethylformamide, vinylformamide, vinylacetamide, acetamide, acetamide, N-methylacetamide, N-ethylacetamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N, N-diethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, vinylpyrrolidone, piperidone, N-methylpiperidone Amides
- water methyl alcohol, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, N, N-dimethylformamide, N, N-dimethylacetamide, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone, N-ethyl-2-pyrrolidone, 1,3- Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone and dimethyl sulfoxide are preferred.
- These polar solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. As these polar solvents, commercially available products may be used as they are or after purification as necessary.
- the amount of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer contained in the coating liquid of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, and 0.3 to 2 parts per 1 part by mass of the conductive material. More preferably, it is part by mass. Further, the amount of the polymer acid contained in the coating liquid of the present invention is preferably 0.1 to 3 parts by mass, and 0.3 to 2 parts by mass when the conductive material is 1 part by mass. More preferably. Further, the solid content concentration of the coating liquid is preferably 0.02 to 40% by mass, more preferably 0.02 to 35% by mass, when the entire coating liquid is 100% by mass. The content is preferably 0.1 to 35% by mass.
- the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer is preferably 1 to 40 parts by weight, more preferably 1 to 20 parts by weight.
- the part by mass is particularly preferred.
- the content of the polymer acid is preferably 1 to 40 parts by mass, and more preferably 1 to 20 parts by mass.
- the content of the conductive material when the total amount of the coating liquid is 100 parts by mass is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass, It is particularly preferably 2 to 15 parts by mass.
- the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer and the polymer acid is too small, the strength of the conductive coating film to be formed, the adhesion to the current collector, and the resistance to electrolytic solution may be insufficient.
- the strength of the conductive coating film to be formed, the adhesion to the current collector, and the resistance to electrolytic solution may be insufficient.
- the electroconductivity of the electroconductive coating film formed may be insufficient.
- the performance of the electroconductive coating film formed may fall.
- the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer with respect to 1 part by mass of the polymer acid is preferably 0.1 to 1 part by mass.
- the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer relative to 1 part by mass of the polymer acid is less than 0.1 parts by mass, the electrolytic solution resistance of the formed conductive coating film may be lowered.
- the content ratio of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer with respect to 1 part by mass of the polymer acid is more than 1 part by mass, the oxidation resistance of the formed conductive coating film may be lowered.
- the coating liquid of the present invention may further contain a coupling agent.
- a silane coupling agent a titanium coupling agent is preferable.
- Specific examples of the silane coupling agent include vinyltrimethoxysilane, vinyltriethoxysilane, ⁇ -chloropropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -aminopropyltriethoxysilane, N- ( ⁇ -aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropyltri Methoxysilane, N- ( ⁇ -aminoethyl) - ⁇ -aminopropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropyltrimethoxysilane, ⁇ -glycidoxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -methacryloxypropyl methoxytrimethoxysilane, Examples include ⁇ -methacryloxyxypropylmethyldimethoxysilane, ⁇ -
- An example of a fluorine-based silane coupling agent is (tridecafluoro-1,1,2,2-tetrahydrooctyl) triethoxysilane.
- An example of the epoxy-modified silane coupling agent is a coupling agent (trade name: KBM-403) manufactured by Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd.
- a coupling agent (trade name: TESOX) manufactured by Toagosei Co., Ltd. can be exemplified.
- titanium coupling agent examples include triethanolamine titanate, titanium acetylacetonate, titanium ethyl acetoacetate, titanium lactate, titanium lactate ammonium salt, tetrastearyl titanate, isopropyltricumylphenyl titanate, isopropyltri (N-amino) Ethyl-aminoethyl) titanate, dicumylphenyloxyacetate titanate, isopropyl trioctainol titanate, isopropyl dimethacrylisostearoyl titanate, titanium lactate ethyl ester, octylene glycol titanate, isopropyl triisostearoyl titanate, triisostearyl isopropyl titanate, isopropyl Tridodecylbenzenesulfonyl titanate , Tetra (2-ethylhexyl) titanate, butyl titanate dimer, isopropyl isoprop
- These coupling agents can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- blending a coupling agent with a coating liquid it can be made to react with the hydrogen bonding functional group of the component contained in a coating liquid, and a crosslinking density can be improved further. Thereby, the mutual substitution reaction between the element constituting the active material and the element constituting the current collector can be further suppressed.
- the crosslinking reaction by a titanium coupling agent or a silane coupling agent can improve the crosslinking rate, and improve the adhesion, strength, and electrochemical resistance.
- blending and using for a coating liquid while being able to prevent forming an excessive insulating modified layer in an interface, the increase in interface resistance can be suppressed.
- the amount of the coupling agent to be contained in the coating liquid is preferably 0.01 to 20 parts by mass, more preferably 0.1 to 10 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer.
- the amount is preferably 0.3 to 3 parts by mass.
- the coating liquid of the present invention may contain a crosslinking agent other than the above-described polymer acid.
- a crosslinking agent include naturally occurring organic acids such as succinic acid and citric acid; polybasic acids such as butanetetracarboxylic acid, phosphonobutanetricarboxylic acid, pyromellitic acid and trimellitic acid; ethylene glycol diglycidyl Epoxy compounds such as ether, polyethylene glycol diglycidyl ether, glycerol polyglycidyl ether; isocyanate compounds such as toluylene diisocyanate, xylylene diisocyanate, hexamethylene diisocyanate, phenyl diisocyanate; and phenols of these isocyanate compounds Blocks blocked with blocking agents such as alcohols, alcohols, active methylenes, mercaptans, acid amide
- crosslinking agent examples include (meth) acrylate compounds such as polyethylene glycol diacrylate, polyethylene glycol dimethacrylate, and hexanediol diacrylate; methylol compounds such as methylolmelamine and dimethylolurea; zirconyl acetate, zirconyl carbonate, and titanium lactate.
- Organic acid metal salts such as: aluminum trimethoxide, aluminum tributoxide, titanium tetraethoxide, titanium tetrabutoxide, zirconium tetrabutoxide, aluminum dipropoxide acetylacetonate, titanium dimethoxide bis (acetylacetonate), titanium dibutoxide
- metal alkoxide compounds such as bis (ethyl acetoacetate).
- crosslinking agent examples include silane compounds such as methyltrimethoxysilane, tetraethoxysilane, and methyltriethoxysilane; carbodiimide compounds and the like.
- the content of the crosslinking agent is preferably 0.01 to 200% by mass of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer used as the resin binder.
- the coating liquid of the present invention may further contain a stabilizer as necessary.
- stabilizers include 2,6-di-tert-butyl-phenol, 2,4-di-tert-butyl-phenol, 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-ethyl-phenol, 2, Phenolic antioxidants such as 4-bis- (n-octylthio) -6- (4-hydroxy-3,5-di-tert-butyl-anilino) -1,3,5-triazine; alkyldiphenylamine, N, Aromatic amine antioxidants such as N'-diphenyl-p-phenylenediamine, 6-ethoxy-2,2,4-trimethyl-1,2-dihydroquinoline, N-phenyl-N'-isopropyl-p-phenylenediamine Agents; dilauryl-3,3′-thiodipropionate, ditridecyl-3,3′-thiod
- the content of the stabilizer is preferably 0.01 to 10 parts by mass, and 0.05 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer. More preferably, the content is 0.1 to 1 part by mass.
- a resin component such as a homopolymer (polyvinylpyrrolidone) having vinylpyrrolidone as a constituent monomer, a copolymer having vinylpyrrolidone as an essential constituent monomer, chitosan, or a derivative thereof may be added to the coating liquid of the present invention. It can.
- These resin components can be used individually by 1 type or in combination of 2 or more types. By containing these resin components in the coating liquid, the dispersibility of the conductive material in the coating liquid can be improved. Furthermore, since these resin components also function as film-forming components, it is possible to form a conductive coating film having better characteristics.
- the coating liquid of the present invention can contain various surfactants in order to adjust wettability.
- an anionic surfactant, an amphoteric surfactant, or a nonionic surfactant can be used.
- anionic surfactant examples include soap, lauryl sulfate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether sulfate, alkyl benzene sulfonate, polyoxyethylene alkyl ether phosphate, polyoxyethylene alkyl phenyl ether phosphate, N- Examples include acyl amino acid salts, ⁇ -olefin sulfonates, alkyl sulfate salts, alkylphenyl ether sulfate salts, methyl taurate salts, and the like.
- amphoteric surfactants include alkyldiaminoethylglycine hydrochloride, 2-alkyl-N-carboxymethyl-N-hydroxyethylimidazolinium betaine, lauryldimethylaminoacetic acid betaine, coconut oil fatty acid amidopropyl betaine, fatty acid alkyl betaine , Sulfobetaine, amidoxide and the like.
- nonionic surfactants include polyethylene glycol alkyl ester compounds, alkyl ether compounds such as triethylene glycol monobutyl ether, ester compounds such as polyoxysorbitan esters, and alkylphenol compounds. , Fluorine type compounds, silicone type compounds and the like. These surfactants can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- the content of the surfactant is preferably 0.01 to 50 parts by mass, preferably 0.1 to 20 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer. More preferably, the content is 1 to 10 parts by mass.
- the coating liquid of the present invention contains various insulating fillers as necessary within a range that does not impair the conductivity in order to improve the mechanical strength and thermal characteristics of the conductive coating film to be formed.
- the insulating filler include powders of metal oxides such as alumina, silica, zirconia, and titania; sols such as colloidal silica, titania sol, and alumina sol; clay minerals such as talc, kaolinite, and smectite; silicon carbide, titanium carbide Carbides such as silicon nitride, nitrides such as silicon nitride, aluminum nitride and titanium nitride; borides such as boron nitride, titanium boride and boron oxide; complex oxides such as mullite; hydroxides such as aluminum hydroxide and magnesium hydroxide Etc .; Barium titanate and the like capable of increasing the dielectric constant can be mentioned
- the content of the insulating filler is preferably 0.001 to 10 parts by mass, and 0.01 to 5 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer. More preferably, the content is 0.1 to 2 parts by mass.
- a vinyl carboxylate copolymer as a resin binder, a conductive material, a polymer acid, and other components used as necessary, etc. are brought to a predetermined ratio.
- a polar solvent To the polar solvent.
- these components are mixed and disperse
- a conventionally known disperser such as a homogenizer, a bead mill, a ball mill, a sand mill, or a roll mill, or a kneader such as a planetary mixer can be used as necessary.
- each component may use a commercial item as it is, and may use what was refine
- the order of adding the vinyl carboxylate copolymer and the polymer acid to the polar solvent is not particularly limited, and even if either the vinyl carboxylate copolymer or the polymer acid is added first, both are added simultaneously. Also good.
- the vinyl carboxylate copolymer and the polymer acid are dissolved in the polar solvent, they may be stirred under room temperature conditions, but may be stirred under heating conditions as necessary. In addition, it is preferable to dissolve by heating to 80 ° C. or higher.
- the coating liquid of the present invention is preferably subjected to physical processing before coating using a conventionally known physical processing means.
- the physical processing means include processing means using a bead mill, ball mill, sand mill, pigment disperser, crusher, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, planetary mixer, Hobart mixer and the like.
- a ceramic vessel is filled with zirconia beads (diameter 0.03 to 3 mm) so that the filling rate is 50 to 95%, and the rotor is batched at a peripheral speed of 5 to 20 m / s. What is necessary is just to perform distributed processing by a type
- the coating liquid so that the surface resistivity of the conductive coating film to be formed is 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the content ratio of the conductive material may be adjusted as appropriate.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive coating film can be measured according to JIS K 7194 by forming a conductive coating film having a dry film thickness of 4 ⁇ m on a glass plate.
- the present invention is useful as a constituent material of a power storage device electrode plate such as a secondary battery or a capacitor.
- a conductive coating film can be formed.
- the conductive coating film has, for example, a dry film thickness of preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, and particularly preferably 0.00 on the surface of a current collector constituting an electrode plate of a power storage device. It can be formed by applying a heat treatment after coating to 1 to 2 ⁇ m.
- the heat treatment conditions are preferably 80 to 250 ° C. and 1 second to 60 minutes. By heat-treating under these conditions, the vinyl carboxylate copolymer, which is a resin binder, is sufficiently crosslinked to form a conductive coating film with further improved adhesion to the current collector and electrolyte resistance. can do.
- the surface resistivity measured according to JIS K 7194 is preferably 3,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less. , Preferably 2,000 ⁇ / ⁇ or less.
- the surface resistivity of the conductive coating film can be measured according to the following method. First, after applying a coating solution on a glass plate, heat treatment is performed at 200 ° C. for 1 minute to form a conductive coating film having a dry film thickness of 4 ⁇ m. In accordance with JIS K 7194, the surface resistivity of the formed conductive coating film is measured by the four-probe method. For the measurement, trade names “Lorestar GP” and “MCP-T610” (manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Analytech Co., Ltd.) can be used. The measurement conditions may be 25 ° C. and relative humidity 60%.
- a conductive coating film is formed on the surface of the current collector, a positive electrode layer for a battery, a negative electrode layer for a battery, or a polarizable electrode layer for a capacitor is formed on the surface of the conductive coating film.
- a positive electrode layer for a battery a negative electrode layer for a battery, or a polarizable electrode layer for a capacitor is formed on the surface of the conductive coating film.
- the electrode member of the present invention includes a current collector and the above-described conductive coating film disposed on the surface of the current collector.
- an electrode plate for a power storage device of the present invention comprises the above electrode plate member and an electrode active material layer disposed on the surface of the conductive coating film. That is, the electrode plate for a power storage device of the present invention comprises an undercoat layer formed of a conductive coating film formed using the coating liquid of the present invention between a current collector and an electrode active material layer (electrode layer). It is arranged as. Therefore, the conductive coating film constituting the electrode plate for a power storage device contains a vinyl carboxylate copolymer as a resin binder, a polymer acid, and a conductive material as essential components.
- the method for manufacturing the electrode plate for power storage device of the present invention is a step of forming a conductive coating film by applying the above-mentioned coating liquid to the surface of a current collector (first step) One step) and a step (second step) of forming an electrode active material layer on the surface of the formed conductive coating film.
- the current collector include a positive electrode current collector made of a metal foil such as aluminum, tantalum, niobium, titanium, hafnium, zirconium, zinc, tungsten, bismuth, and antimony; and a negative electrode current collector made of a metal foil such as copper. Can do.
- the positive electrode current collector an aluminum foil that has corrosion resistance to an electrolytic solution, is light and can be easily machined is preferable.
- the thickness of the metal foil (current collector) is preferably 5 to 30 ⁇ m, and more preferably 8 to 25 ⁇ m.
- the surface of the current collector is preferably pretreated with a coupling agent such as silane, titanate or aluminum.
- a coating solution is applied to the surface of the current collector by various coating methods.
- the coating solution is preferably applied so as to have a dry thickness of 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m, more preferably 0.1 to 5 ⁇ m, and more preferably 0.1 to 2 ⁇ m. It is particularly preferred. If it is less than 0.1 ⁇ m, it may be difficult to apply uniformly. On the other hand, if it exceeds 10 ⁇ m, the flexibility of the conductive coating film to be formed may be lowered.
- various coating methods include gravure coating, gravure reverse coating, roll coating, Mayer bar coating, blade coating, knife coating, air knife coating, comma coating, slot die coating, slide die coating, dip coating, and the like. it can.
- a conductive coating film that functions as an undercoat layer is formed.
- the heat treatment conditions are preferably 80 to 250 ° C. and 1 second to 60 minutes.
- the vinyl carboxylate copolymer which is a resin binder, is sufficiently cross-linked to further improve the adhesion of the formed conductive coating film to the current collector and the electrolytic solution resistance.
- the conditions of heat processing are less than 80 degreeC or less than 1 second, the adhesiveness with respect to the electrical power collector of the electroconductive coating film formed, and electrolyte solution resistance may become inadequate.
- an electrode active material layer (electrode layer) is formed on the surface of the formed conductive coating film.
- the electrode plate for electrical storage devices can be obtained.
- the conditions for the press treatment are preferably 500 to 7,500 kgf / cm 2 . If it is less than 500 kgf / cm 2 , the homogeneity of the electrode layer may be difficult to improve. On the other hand, if it exceeds 7,500 kgf / cm 2 , the electrode plate for a power storage device including the current collector tends to be easily damaged.
- the electrode plate for a power storage device of the present invention obtained as described above is composed of a conductive material appropriately dispersed between a current collector and an electrode layer, and a vinyl carboxylate that is a resin binder crosslinked with a polymer acid.
- An undercoat layer made of a copolymer and having excellent adhesion, oxidation-reduction resistance and solvent resistance and having flexibility is formed and disposed.
- the undercoat layer has the characteristics as described above.
- a power storage device of the present invention includes the above-described electrode plate for a power storage device.
- the adhesion between the current collector and the electrode layer is improved, so that deterioration of battery characteristics due to peeling during use is prevented. Further, since the resistance between the current collector and the electrode layer is reduced, charging and discharging can be performed at a high rate.
- An electrochemically stable interface bonding state is formed between the current collector surface and the conductive coating film. For this reason, it is possible to prevent deterioration of battery characteristics due to electrolysis when repeated for a long period of multi-cycle charging / discharging or being left at a high temperature in a charged state.
- the power storage device of the present invention has low internal resistance, and peeling between the current collector and the electrode layer hardly occurs. For this reason, it is possible to flow a large current, and rapid charging / discharging becomes possible.
- the conductive coating film is chemically firmly bonded to the current collector surface, an increase in resistance value due to interface deterioration can be suppressed. Furthermore, the deterioration of battery characteristics after a long-term reliability test such as a charge / discharge test or a storage test is small.
- silicon is directly bonded to the main chain carbon atom of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer contained in the coating solution used to form the conductive coating film.
- the vinyl carboxylate copolymer forms a covalent bond with a polar substituent (such as a hydroxyl group) present on the current collector surface. Therefore, the formed conductive coating film is excellent in adhesion to the current collector surface and also in electrochemical durability.
- the polymer acid contained in the coating solution crosslinks between the hydroxyl groups in the vinyl carboxylate copolymer and the hydroxyl groups on the current collector surface. It has the effect of making it difficult to decompose.
- lithium salt examples include inorganic lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCl, LiBr; LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiC (SO 2 CF 3) 3, LiOSO 2 CF 3, LiOSO 2 C 2 F 5, LiOSO 2 C 3 F 7, LiOSO 2 C 4 F 9, LiOSO 2 C 5 F 11, LiOSO 2 C 6 F 13, LiOSO 2 C 7 organic lithium salt F 15 or the like, and the like.
- inorganic lithium salts such as LiClO 4 , LiBF 4 , LiPF 6 , LiAsF 6 , LiCl, LiBr; LiB (C 6 H 5 ) 4 , LiN (SO 2 CF 3 ) 2 , LiC (SO 2 CF 3) 3, LiOSO 2 CF 3, LiOSO 2 C 2 F 5, LiOSO 2 C 3 F 7, LiOSO 2 C 4 F 9, Li
- organic solvent examples include cyclic esters, chain esters, cyclic ethers, chain ethers and the like.
- cyclic esters include ethylene carbonate, propylene carbonate, butylene carbonate, ⁇ -butyrolactone, vinylene carbonate, 2-methyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, acetyl- ⁇ -butyrolactone, and ⁇ -valerolactone.
- chain esters examples include dimethyl carbonate, diethyl carbonate, dibutyl carbonate, dipropyl carbonate, methyl ethyl carbonate, methyl butyl carbonate, methyl propyl carbonate, ethyl butyl carbonate, ethyl propyl carbonate, butyl propyl carbonate, and propionic acid alkyl ester. , Malonic acid dialkyl ester, acetic acid alkyl ester and the like.
- cyclic ethers include tetrahydrofuran, alkyltetrahydrofuran, dialkylalkyltetrahydrofuran, alkoxytetrahydrofuran, dialkoxytetrahydrofuran, 1,3-dioxolane, alkyl-1,3-dioxolane, 1,4-dioxolane and the like.
- chain ethers include 1,2-dimethoxyethane, 1,2-diethoxyethane, diethyl ether, ethylene glycol dialkyl ether, diethylene glycol dialkyl ether, triethylene glycol dialkyl ether, and tetraethylene glycol dialkyl ether. it can.
- An ionic liquid is a liquid consisting only of ions based on a combination of an organic cation and an anion.
- organic cation examples include dialkylimidazolium cations such as 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium ion; trialkylimidazolium cations such as 1,2-dimethyl-3-propylimidazolium ion; dimethylethylmethoxyammonium ion and the like.
- Tetraalkylammonium ions alkylpyridinium ions such as 1-butylpyridinium ion, dialkylpyrrolidinium ions such as methylpropylpyrrolidinium ion, dialkylpiperidinium ions such as methylpropylpiperidinium ion, and the like. These organic cations can be used singly or in combination of two or more.
- Examples of the anions that are pairs of these organic cations include AlCl 4 ⁇ , PF 6 ⁇ , PF 3 (C 2 F 5 ) 3 ⁇ , PF 3 (CF 3 ) 3 ⁇ , BF 4 ⁇ , and BF 2 (CF 3 ).
- the other configuration of the secondary battery is the same as that of a conventionally known secondary battery.
- the conductive coating film constituting the polarizable electrode plate for a capacitor contains a vinyl carboxylate copolymer, a polymer acid, and a conductive material.
- the coating liquid used for producing the polarizable electrode plate preferably has a vinyl carboxylate copolymer content of 1 to 40 parts by mass as a solid content per 100 parts by mass of the coating liquid. The amount is more preferably 20 parts by mass, and particularly preferably 1 to 10 parts by mass. If the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer is too small, the coating film component may easily fall off from the formed conductive coating film. On the other hand, if the content of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer is too large, the conductive material may be covered with the vinyl carboxylate copolymer and the internal resistance of the polarizable electrode plate obtained may increase.
- the polymer acid those having a high content of acidic groups such as a carboxyl group and a phosphate group are preferable from the viewpoint of crosslinkability with respect to the vinyl carboxylate copolymer.
- the amount of the polymer acid contained in the coating solution is preferably 100 to 1000 parts by mass, more preferably 100 to 500 parts by mass, per 100 parts by mass of the vinyl carboxylate copolymer. When the content of the polymer acid is less than 100 parts by mass, adhesion of the formed conductive coating film to the current collector and resistance to electrolytic solution may be insufficient.
- conductive carbon such as acetylene black, ketjen black, carbon black, carbon nanofiber, and carbon nanotube is preferable.
- the amount of the conductive material contained in the coating liquid is preferably 0.1 to 30 parts by mass, and more preferably 2 to 15 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of the coating liquid.
- the coating liquid used when manufacturing the electrode plate for capacitors is processed by physical processing means before coating, if necessary.
- the physical processing means include processing means using a bead mill, ball mill, sand mill, pigment disperser, crusher, ultrasonic disperser, homogenizer, planetary mixer, Hobart mixer and the like.
- the conductive material is first treated using a mixer such as a crusher, a planetary mixer, a Henschel mixer, an omni mixer, etc., and then a vinyl carboxylate copolymer or polymer.
- a method in which an acid solution is added and mixed uniformly is also preferable. By adopting this method, a uniform coating solution can be easily obtained.
- the polarizable electrode plate for capacitors which has a more favorable characteristic can be obtained by using a uniform coating liquid.
- the material constituting the current collector is preferably a material having conductivity and electrochemical durability.
- a current collector made of a metal material such as aluminum, titanium, tantalum, stainless steel, gold, or platinum is preferable, and a current collector made of aluminum or platinum is more preferable.
- the shape of the current collector is not particularly limited, but usually a sheet-like one having a thickness of about 0.001 to 0.5 mm is used.
- a conductive coating film can be formed.
- the application method of the coating liquid include a doctor blade method, a dip method, a reverse roll method, a direct roll method, a gravure method, an extrusion method, a brush coating method, and a spray coating method.
- the viscosity of the coating solution varies depending on the type of coating machine and the shape of the coating line, but is usually 10 to 100,000 mPa ⁇ s, preferably 50 to 50,000 mPa ⁇ s, and more preferably 100 to 20,000 mPa ⁇ s. -S.
- the amount of the coating solution to be applied is not particularly limited, but the thickness of the conductive coating film formed after drying and removing the polar solvent is usually 0.05 to 100 ⁇ m, preferably 0.1 to 10 ⁇ m. Is the amount.
- the drying method and conditions are the same as in the case of manufacturing an electrode plate for a battery.
- An electric double layer capacitor or a lithium ion capacitor can be produced in accordance with a conventional method using the above-described polarizable electrode plate, electrolyte, separator, and other parts. Specifically, a laminate obtained by laminating polarizable electrode plates via a separator is wound or folded in accordance with the capacitor shape and placed in a container. Next, a capacitor can be manufactured by sealing after injecting the electrolyte into the container.
- a nonaqueous electrolytic solution obtained by dissolving an electrolyte in an organic solvent is preferable.
- Any conventionally known electrolyte can be used as the electrolyte for the electric double layer capacitor.
- Specific examples of such an electrolyte include tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, triethylmonomethylammonium tetrafluoroborate, and tetraethylammonium hexafluorophosphate.
- Specific examples of the electrolyte for the lithium ion capacitor include lithium salts such as LiI, LiClO 4 , LiAsF 6 , LiBF 4 , and LiPF 6 .
- the organic solvent (electrolytic solution solvent) for dissolving these electrolytes is not particularly limited as long as it is used as a general electrolytic solution solvent.
- the electrolyte solvent include carbonates such as propylene carbonate, ethylene carbonate, and butylene carbonate; lactones such as ⁇ -butyrolactone; sulfolanes; nitriles such as acetonitrile.
- These electrolytic solution solvents can be used singly or in combination of two or more. Of these, carbonates are preferred because of their high withstand voltage.
- the concentration of the electrolytic solution is usually 0.5 mol / L or more, preferably 0.8 mol / L or more.
- the separator a known material such as a microporous film or non-woven fabric made of polyolefin such as polyethylene or polypropylene; a porous film mainly made of pulp called electrolytic capacitor paper; Alternatively, a separator in which inorganic ceramic powder and a resin binder are dispersed in a solvent may be applied and dried on the electrode layer. Further, a solid electrolyte or a gel electrolyte may be used instead of the separator. In addition, about other materials, such as a container, what is used for a normal capacitor can be used.
- Vinyl carboxylate copolymer B To a 10 L three-necked flask equipped with a cooler, 1200 parts of methanol, 1400 parts of vinyl acetate, and 200 parts of vinyltriethoxysilane were substituted with dry argon while stirring, and the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. Thereto, 1300 parts of 3.7% methanol solution of 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise. Polymerization was performed while 200 parts of a 10% methanol solution of vinyltriethoxysilane was dropped over 5 hours. Unreacted vinyl acetate was removed by introducing methanol vapor.
- Vinyl carboxylate copolymer C 1000 parts of methanol, 1400 parts of vinyl acetate, and 50 parts of vinyltriethoxysilane were added to a 10 L three-necked flask with a cooler, and substituted with dry argon while stirring, and the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. Thereto, 1200 parts of a methanol solution of 3.5% 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise. Polymerization was performed while 100 parts of a 10% methanol solution of vinyltriethoxysilane was dropped over 5 hours. Unreacted vinyl acetate was removed by introducing methanol vapor.
- the obtained vinyl carboxylate copolymer C was found to contain 1 mol% of vinylsilane units and 75% of the vinyl carboxylate portion was saponified.
- Vinyl carboxylate copolymer D 1000 parts of methanol, 1400 parts of vinyl acetate, and 50 parts of vinyltriethoxysilane were added to a 10 L three-necked flask with a cooler, and substituted with dry argon while stirring, and the temperature was raised to 60 ° C. Thereto, 1200 parts of a methanol solution of 3.5% 2,2′-azobisisobutyronitrile was added dropwise. Polymerization was performed while 100 parts of a 10% methanol solution of vinyltriethoxysilane was dropped over 5 hours. Unreacted vinyl acetate was removed by introducing methanol vapor.
- Vinyl carboxylate copolymer E 100 parts of vinyl carboxylate copolymer A was heated and dissolved in 9900 parts of ion-exchanged water at 80 ° C. for 12 hours, and then cooled to room temperature. There, 5 parts of tetraethylammonium chloride was added and stirred for 30 minutes. Thereto was added 500 parts of ion exchange resin (trade name: AMP01, manufactured by Mitsubishi Chemical Corporation), and the mixture was further stirred for 12 hours. After removing the ion exchange resin, water was removed by distillation under reduced pressure to obtain a tetraethylamine type vinyl carboxylate copolymer E. In the obtained vinyl carboxylate copolymer E, 70% of sodium in the vinyl carboxylate copolymer A used as a raw material was substituted with tetraethylammonium.
- Example 2 Preparation of coating liquid (Example 1) Add 5 parts of acetylene black to 40 parts of 12.5% polyacrylic acid aqueous solution, stir and mix with a dissolver, then disperse for 1 hour with a bead mill (0.8 mm diameter zirconia beads, filling rate 70%). A liquid was obtained. To the obtained dispersion, 5 parts of vinyl carboxylate copolymer A and 50 parts of ion-exchanged water were added and stirred for 30 minutes to prepare a coating liquid.
- Example 1 A coating solution was prepared in the same manner as in Example 1 except that the composition of each component was as shown in Table 1.
- Table 1 The meanings of the abbreviations in Table 1 are as shown below.
- -AB Acetylene black-KB: Ketjen black-FB: Furnace black-CNT: Carbon nanotubes-PMA: pyromellitic acid-TMA: trimellitic acid-MeOH: methyl alcohol-IPA: isopropyl alcohol-NMP: N-methyl- 2-pyrrolidone
- Example 13 Production of conductive coating film (Example 13)
- the coating liquid of Example 1 was applied on one side of an aluminum foil (current collector) having a thickness of 20 ⁇ m using a comma roll coater. After heat treatment at 110 ° C. for 2 minutes using an oven, heat treatment was further performed at 180 ° C. for 2 minutes. As a result, the solvent was removed and the polymer component was crosslinked to form a conductive coating film having a dry film thickness of 1 ⁇ m on the current collector.
- Example 14 to 24, Comparative Examples 3 to 5 A conductive coating film was formed on the current collector in the same manner as in Example 13 except that the coating liquid shown in Table 2 was used.
- Comparative Example 5 a coating solution obtained by dispersing 5 parts of acetylene black in 5 parts of an NMP solution of polyvinylidene fluoride (for convenience, indicated as “PVDF solution” in Table 2) was used.
- the conductive coating film was immersed in a 6% aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution, heat-treated at 80 ° C. for 3 hours, washed with water and air-dried. The surface of the conductive coating film (dried coating film) was rubbed with the belly of the index finger, and the oxidation resistance of the conductive coating film was evaluated according to the following criteria. The results are shown in Table 2. (Double-circle): It does not peel after heat processing, and it does not peel even if it rubs the surface of a dry coating film strongly with the belly of an index finger, and carbon on the surface does not fall off.
- ⁇ Not peeled after heat treatment, and does not peel even when the surface of the dried coating is rubbed strongly with the index finger. However, some of the carbon on the surface falls off.
- X It peels after heat processing, or it does not peel after heat processing, but it peels, if the surface of a dry coating film is rubbed strongly with an index belly.
- Examples 25 to 29 and Comparative Example 6 describe a method for producing and evaluating a lithium ion secondary battery using a coating liquid containing a vinyl carboxylate copolymer, a polycarboxylic acid, and a conductive material. .
- the cell after measuring the initial capacity was set to a potential of 4.3 V, and the impedance of 1 kHz was measured with a voltage change of ⁇ 10 mV around the potential.
- the discharge rate was determined from the initial capacity, and the discharge capacity for each discharge rate was measured.
- the charge was increased to 4.3V with a constant current over 10 hours each time, and then charged with a 4.3V constant voltage for 2 hours. Then, it discharged until it became 3V with a constant current over 10 hours, and the discharge capacity at this time was made into the discharge capacity of 0.1C.
- the battery was discharged at a current value at which discharge was completed in 1 hour from the discharge capacity determined at 0.1 C, and the discharge capacity at that time was determined and used as the discharge capacity at 1 C.
- the discharge capacity at 3C, 10C, and 30C was obtained, and the capacity retention rate was calculated when the discharge capacity at 0.1C was 100%.
- the battery was subjected to a 1000 cycle endurance charge / discharge test under the above cycle life conditions, and it was confirmed by disassembling the battery whether the active material layer was detached from the positive electrode and the negative electrode after the endurance test.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. ⁇ : No desorption is observed. ⁇ : Desorption progresses and a part of the current collector is exposed. X: The active material layer is completely detached.
- Examples 30 to 34 and Comparative Example 7 describe a method for producing and evaluating an electric double layer capacitor using a coating liquid containing a vinyl carboxylate copolymer, a polycarboxylic acid, and a conductive material.
- Test Example 2 The following characteristics were measured for the electric double layer type capacitors manufactured in Examples and Comparative Examples described later.
- the cell after measuring the initial capacity was set to a potential of 2 V, and an impedance of 1 kHz was measured with a voltage change of ⁇ 10 mV around the potential.
- the discharge rate was determined from the initial capacity, and the discharge capacity for each discharge rate was measured. Charging was performed by increasing the voltage to 2 V at a constant current every hour for 1 hour. Then, it discharged until it became 0V with a constant current over 1 hour, and the discharge capacity at this time was made into the discharge capacity of 1C. Next, after discharging in the same manner, discharging was performed at a current value at which discharge was completed in 0.1 hours from the discharging capacity determined at 1C, and the discharging capacity at that time was determined to be the discharging capacity at 10C. Similarly, the discharge capacities at 30C, 100C, and 300C were obtained, and the capacity retention rate when the discharge capacity at 1C was 100% was calculated.
- Electrode peeling test after endurance test The battery was subjected to an endurance float test for 3000 hours under the above-mentioned float life conditions, and it was confirmed by disassembling the electric double layer type capacitor whether the active material layer was detached from the electrode current collector after the endurance test.
- the evaluation criteria are as follows. ⁇ : No desorption is observed. ⁇ : Desorption progresses and a part of the current collector is exposed. X: The active material layer is completely detached.
- the electrode was cut at 40 mm ⁇ 50 mm so as to include a region having no 10 mm active material layer on the short side, and an aluminum tab was joined to the exposed portion of the metal by resistance welding.
- a separator (trade name “# 2400”, manufactured by Celgard) was cut into a width of 45 mm and a length of 120 mm, folded back into three, and sandwiched so that the two electrodes were opposed to each other. This was sandwiched between two aluminum laminate cells each having a width of 50 mm and a length of 100 mm, and the sealant was sandwiched between the portions where the tabs hit, and the sealant portion and the side perpendicular thereto were thermally laminated to form a bag.
- the coating liquid of the present invention is used, a conductive coating film excellent in adhesion, solvent resistance, and oxidation resistance can be formed on the surface of a metal material such as an aluminum material.
- the formed conductive coating film has excellent adhesion to a current collector made of aluminum foil, copper foil, etc., and is also excellent in resistance to electrolyte, and with the current collector. Contact resistance has also been improved. For this reason, if the coating liquid of this invention is used, the electroconductive coating film which has the outstanding characteristic, the member for electrodes, the electrode plate for electrical storage apparatuses, and an electrical storage apparatus can be manufactured.
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Abstract
Description
[1]蓄電装置用電極板を構成する集電体の表面上に導電性塗工膜を形成するために用いられる塗工液であって、(A)ポリマー酸と、(B)下記一般式(1)で表されるカルボン酸ビニル共重合体と、(C)導電性材料と、(D)極性溶媒と、を含有する塗工液。
(前記一般式(1)中、R1は、H、Na、カルボン酸ビニルモノマーに由来する有機基、及び蓄電装置の電解質を構成し得るカチオンからなる群から選択され、R2~R4は、独立して、H、Na、C1~C6のアルキル基、及び蓄電装置の電解質を構成し得るカチオンからなる群から選択され、mとnの比率(m/n)は、0.0001~1である)
[2]前記カチオンが、リチウム又はテトラアルキルアンモニウムである前記[1]に記載の塗工液。
[3]チタン系カップリング剤及び/又はシランカップリング剤をさらに含有する前記[1]又は[2]に記載の塗工液。
[4]前記ポリマー酸が、ポリアクリル酸、ポリイタコン酸、及びポリマレイン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である前記[1]~[3]のいずれかに記載の塗工液。
[5]前記導電性材料が、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、黒鉛、ファーネスブラック、単層又は多層カーボンナノファイバー、及び単層又は多層カーボンナノチューブからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である前記[1]~[4]のいずれかに記載の塗工液。
[6]前記導電性材料1質量部に対する、前記ポリマー酸の含有量が0.1~3質量部であり、前記導電性材料1質量部に対する、前記カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が0.1~3質量部であり、固形分濃度が0.02~40質量%である前記[1]~[5]のいずれかに記載の塗工液。
[7]前記ポリマー酸1質量部に対する、前記カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が0.1~1質量部である前記[1]~[6]のいずれかに記載の塗工液。
[8]架橋剤をさらに含有する前記[1]~[7]のいずれかに記載の塗工液。
[9]前記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の塗工液により形成される導電性塗工膜。
[10]前記塗工液からなる膜が80~250℃で熱処理されて形成された、その乾燥膜厚が0.1~10μmである前記[9]に記載の導電性塗工膜。
[11]硝子板上に乾燥膜厚4μmで形成された場合に、JIS K 7194に準拠して測定される表面抵抗率が3,000Ω/□以下である前記[9]又は[10]に記載の導電性塗工膜。
[12]集電体と、前記集電体の表面上に配設された前記[9]~[11]のいずれかに記載の導電性塗工膜と、を備える電極板用部材。
[13]前記[12]に記載の電極板用部材と、前記導電性塗工膜の表面上に配設された電極活物質層と、を備える蓄電装置用電極板。
[14]前記集電体がアルミニウム箔であり、前記電極活物質層に正極活物質が含有される前記[13]に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。
[15]前記集電体が銅箔であり、前記電極活物質層に負極活物質が含有される前記[13]に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。
[16]前記集電体がアルミニウム箔であり、分極性電極板である前記[13]に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。
[17]前記[1]~[8]のいずれかに記載の塗工液を集電体の表面に塗布して導電性塗工膜を形成する工程と、前記導電性塗工膜の表面上に電極活物質層を形成する工程と、を有する蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法。
[18]前記集電体の表面に前記塗工液を塗布した後、前記塗工液に含有される前記極性溶媒を加熱除去するか、又は前記極性溶媒を除去しながら80~250℃で1秒~60分熱処理する前記[17]に記載の蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法。
[19]前記[13]~[16]のいずれかに記載の蓄電装置用電極板を備える蓄電装置。
[20]二次電池又はキャパシタである前記[19]に記載の蓄電装置。
本発明の塗工液は、蓄電装置用電極板を構成する集電体の表面上に導電性塗工膜を形成するために用いられる塗工液である。そして、本発明の塗工液には、(A)ポリマー酸と、(B)下記一般式(1)で表されるカルボン酸ビニル共重合体と、(C)導電性材料と、(D)極性溶媒とが含有される。以下、その詳細について説明する。
本発明の塗工液にはポリマー酸が含有される。本明細書における「ポリマー酸」とは、カルボキシル基やリン酸基等の酸性基を複数個有するポリマーや、複数のカルボン酸化合物やリン酸化合物が重合したポリマーをいう。なお、酸性基はフリーな酸であっても、塩を形成していてもよい。また、ポリマー酸は、単独重合体であってもよいし、共重合体であってもよい。本発明の塗工液に含有されるポリマー酸は、後述するカルボン酸ビニル共重合体を架橋させて硬化させる架橋剤としての機能を有する成分である。
本発明の塗工液には、前記一般式(1)で表されるカルボン酸ビニル共重合体が含有される。なお、前記一般式(1)中のR1は、H、Na、カルボン酸ビニルモノマーに由来する有機基、及び蓄電装置の電解質を構成し得るカチオンからなる群から選択される。
本発明の塗工液には導電性材料が含有される。導電性材料を用いることにより、形成される導電性塗工膜の電気的接触が一段と向上する。このため、内部抵抗が低く、容量密度の高い蓄電装置を製造することができる。導電性材料は、導電性粒子若しくはフィラー、又はイオン性を有する液体であり得る。
本発明の塗工液には極性溶媒が含有される。極性溶媒としては、従来公知のものを使用することができる。極性溶媒の具体例としては、水;メチルアルコール、エチルアルコール、プロピルアルコール、ブチルアルコール等のアルコール類;エチレンカーボネート、エチルメチルカーボネート、ジエチルカーボネート、ジメチルカーボネート、プロピレンカーボネート、ブチレンカーボネート等のカーボネート類;ホルムアミド、N-メチルホルムアミド、N-エチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジメチルホルムアミド、N,N-ジエチルホルムアミド、ビニルホルムアミド、ビニルアセトアミド、アセトアミド、N-メチルアセトアミド、N-エチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジメチルアセトアミド、N,N-ジエチルアセトアミド、N-メチル-2-ピロリドン、N-エチル-2-ピロリドン、ビニルピロリドン、ピペリドン、N-メチルピペリドン、N-エチルピペリドン、ヘキサメチルホスホリックトリアミド、1,3-ジメチル-2-イミダゾリジノン、メチルオキサゾリジノン、エチルオキサゾリジノン等のアミド類;ジメチルスルホキシド等のスルホキシド類;テトラメチレンスルホン等のスルホン類等を挙げることができる。
本発明の塗工液に含有されるカルボン酸ビニル共重合体の量は、導電性材料を1質量部とした場合に、0.1~3質量部であることが好ましく、0.3~2質量部であることがさらに好ましい。また、本発明の塗工液に含有されるポリマー酸の量は、導電性材料を1質量部とした場合に、0.1~3質量部であることが好ましく、0.3~2質量部であることがさらに好ましい。また、塗工液の固形分濃度は、塗工液の全体を100質量%とした場合に、0.02~40質量%であることが好ましく、0.02~35質量%であることがさらに好ましく、0.1~35質量%であることが特に好ましい。
本発明の塗工液には、カップリング剤がさらに含有されていてもよい。カップリング剤としては、シランカップリング剤やチタン系カップリング剤が好ましい。シランカップリング剤の具体例としては、ビニルトリメトキシシラン、ビニルトリエトキシシラン、γ-クロロプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-アミノプロピルトリエトキシシラン、N-(β-アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルトリメトキシシラン、N-(β-アミノエチル)-γ-アミノプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-グリシドキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、β-グリシドキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシキシプロピルトリメトキシシラン、γ-メタクリロキシキシプロピルメチルジメトキシシラン、γ-メルカプトプロピルトリメトキシシラン等を挙げることができる。なお、フッ素系のシランカップリング剤の例として、(トリデカフルオロ-1,1,2,2-テトラヒドロオクチル)トリエトキシシランを挙げることができる。また、エポキシ変性シランカップリング剤の例として、信越化学社製のカップリング剤(商品名:KBM-403)を挙げることができる。さらに、オキセタン変性シランカップリング剤の例として、東亞合成社製のカップリング剤(商品名:TESOX)を挙げることができる。
本発明の塗工液には、前述のポリマー酸以外の架橋剤が含有されていてもよい。架橋剤を含有させることで、形成される導電性塗工膜を補強することができる。架橋剤の具体例としては、コハク酸、クエン酸等の天然に存在する有機酸;ブタンテトラカルボン酸、ホスホノブタントリカルボン酸、ピロメリット酸、トリメリット酸等の多塩基酸;エチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、ポリエチレングリコールジグリシジルエーテル、グリセロールポリグリシジルエーテル等のエポキシ化合物;トルイレンジイソシアナート、キシリレンジイソシアナート、ヘキサメチレンジイソシアナート、フェニルジイソシアナート等のイソシアナート化合物;これらのイソシアナート化合物をフェノール類、アルコール類、活性メチレン類、メルカプタン類、酸アミド類、イミド類、アミン類、イミダゾール類、尿素類、カルバミン酸類、イミン類、オキシム類、亜硫酸類等のブロック剤でブロックしたブロックイソシアナート化合物;グリオキサール、グルタルアルデヒド、ジアルデヒド澱粉等のアルデヒド化合物を挙げることができる。
本発明の塗工液には、必要に応じて安定剤がさらに含有されていてもよい。安定剤の具体例としては、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-フェノール、2,4-ジ-tert-ブチル-フェノール、2,6-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-エチル-フェノール、2,4-ビス-(n-オクチルチオ)-6-(4-ヒドロキシ-3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-アニリノ)-1,3,5-トリアジン等のフェノール系酸化防止剤;アルキルジフェニルアミン、N,N’-ジフェニル-p-フェニレンジアミン、6-エトキシ-2,2,4-トリメチル-1,2-ジヒドロキノリン、N-フェニル-N’-イソプロピル-p-フェニレンジアミン等の芳香族アミン系酸化防止剤;ジラウリル-3,3’-チオジプロピオネート、ジトリデシル-3,3’-チオジプロピオネート、ビス[2-メチル-4-{3-n-アルキルチオプロピオニルオキシ}-5-tert-ブチル-フェニル]スルフィド、2-メルカプト-5-メチル-ベンゾイミダゾール等のサルファイド系ヒドロペルオキシド分解剤;トリス(イソデシル)ホスファイト、フェニルジイソオクチルホスファイト、ジフェニルイソオクチルホスファイト、ジ(ノニルフェニル)ペンタエリトリトールジホスファイト、3,5-ジ-tert-ブチル-4-ヒドロキシ-ベンジルホスファートジエチルエステル、ナトリウムビス(4-tert-ブチルフェニル)ホスファート等のリン系ヒドロペルオキシド分解剤;フェニルサリチラート、4-tert-オクチルフェニルサリチラート等のサリチレート系光安定剤;2,4-ジヒドロキシベンゾフェノン、2-ヒドロキシ-4-メトキシベンゾフェノン-5-スルホン酸等のベンゾフェノン系光安定剤;2-(2’-ヒドロキシ-5’-メチルフェニル)ベンゾトリアゾール、2,2’-メチレンビス[4-(1,1,3,3-テトラメチルブチル)-6-(2N-ベンゾトリアゾール-2-イル)フェノール]等のベンゾトリアゾール系光安定剤;フェニル-4-ピペリジニルカルボナート、セバシン酸ビス-[2,2,6,6-テトラメチル-4-ピペリジニル]等のヒンダードアミン系光安定剤;[2,2’-チオ-ビス(4-t-オクチルフェノラート)]-2-エチルヘキシルアミン-ニッケル-(II)等のNi系光安定剤;シアノアクリレート系光安定剤;シュウ酸アニリド系光安定剤等を挙げることができる。これらの安定剤は、一種単独で又は二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。
本発明の塗工液には、ビニルピロリドンを構成モノマーとするホモポリマー(ポリビニルピロリドン)、ビニルピロリドンを必須構成モノマーとする共重合体、キトサン、又はこれらの誘導体等の樹脂成分を添加することができる。これらの樹脂成分は、一種単独で又は二種以上を組み合わせて用いることができる。これらの樹脂成分を塗工液に含有させることで、塗工液中における導電性材料の分散性を向上させることができる。さらに、これらの樹脂成分は皮膜形成成分としても機能するので、より良好な特性を有する導電性塗工膜を形成することができる。
本発明の塗工液には、ぬれ性を調整するために、各種の界面活性剤を含有させることができる。界面活性剤としては、アニオン性界面活性剤、両性界面活性剤、非イオン(ノニオン)型界面活性剤を用いることができる。
本発明の塗工液には、形成される導電性塗工膜の機械的強度や熱的特性を向上させるために、導電性を損なわない範囲で、必要に応じて各種の絶縁性フィラーを含有させることができる。絶縁性フィラーの具体例としては、アルミナ、シリカ、ジルコニア、チタニア等の金属酸化物の粉末;コロイダルシリカ、チタニアゾル、アルミナゾル等のゾル;タルク、カオリナイト、スメクタイト等の粘土鉱物;炭化ケイ素、炭化チタン等の炭化物;窒化ケイ素、窒化アルミニウム、窒化チタン等の窒化物;窒化ホウ素、ホウ化チタン、酸化ホウ素等のホウ化物;ムライト等の複合酸化物;水酸化アルミニウム、水酸化マグネシウム等の水酸化物等;誘電率を上げることが可能なチタン酸バリウム等を挙げることができる。
本発明の塗工液を調製するには、先ず、樹脂バインダーであるカルボン酸ビニル共重合体、導電性材料、ポリマー酸、及び必要に応じて用いられるその他の成分等を所定の割合となるように極性溶媒に添加する。そして、これらの成分を混合分散させれば、本発明の塗工液を調製することができる。各成分を混合分散させる際には、必要に応じて、従来公知のホモジナイザー、ビーズミル、ボールミル、サンドミル、ロールミル等の分散機や、プラネタリーミキサー等の混練機を用いることができる。
上述の塗工液を用いれば、二次電池やキャパシタ等の蓄電装置用電極板の構成材として有用な本発明の導電性塗工膜を形成することができる。導電性塗工膜は、例えば蓄電装置の電極板を構成する集電体等の表面に、乾燥膜厚が好ましくは0.1~10μm、さらに好ましくは0.1~5μm、特に好ましくは0.1~2μmとなるように塗布した後、熱処理することで形成することができる。なお、熱処理の条件は、80~250℃、1秒~60分とすることが好ましい。このような条件で熱処理することで、樹脂バインダーであるカルボン酸ビニル共重合体を十分に架橋させて、集電体等に対する密着性及び耐電解液性がさらに向上した導電性塗工膜を形成することができる。
本発明の蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法は、前述の塗工液を集電体の表面に塗布して導電性塗工膜を形成する工程(第一の工程)と、形成された導電性塗工膜の表面上に電極活物質層を形成する工程(第二の工程)とを有する。集電体としては、アルミニウム、タンタル、ニオブ、チタン、ハフニウム、ジルコニウム、亜鉛、タングステン、ビスマス、アンチモン等の金属箔からなる正極集電体;銅等の金属箔からなる負極集電体を挙げることができる。正極集電体としては、電解液に対する耐食性を有し、軽量で機械加工が容易なアルミニウム箔が好ましい。金属箔(集電体)の厚さは5~30μmであることが好ましく、8~25μmであることがさらに好ましい。集電体の表面は、シラン系、チタネート系、アルミニウム系等のカップリング剤で予め処理しておくことが好ましい。
本発明の蓄電装置用電極板(正極板、負極板、及び分極性電極板)を用いれば、非水電解液二次電池等の二次電池や、電気二重層キャパシタ及びリチウムイオンキャパシタ等のキャパシタを製造することができる。すなわち、本発明の蓄電装置は、前述の蓄電装置用電極板を備えるものである。本発明の蓄電装置を構成する蓄電装置用電極板は、集電体と電極層間の密着力が向上しているので、使用時の剥離による電池特性の劣化が防止される。また、集電体と電極層との間の抵抗を低減されているので、ハイレートで充放電をすることができる。なお、集電体表面と導電性塗工膜との間には、電気化学的に安定な界面結合状態が形成されている。このため、長期多サイクル充放電を繰り返すか、或いは充電した状態で高温放置された場合の電気分解に伴う電池特性の劣化を防ぐことができる。
例えば、リチウム系の非水リチウムイオン電池を製造する場合には、溶質となるリチウム塩を有機溶剤やイオン液体に溶解させた非水電解液が用いられる。リチウム塩の具体例としては、LiClO4、LiBF4、LiPF6、LiAsF6、LiCl、LiBr等の無機リチウム塩;LiB(C6H5)4、LiN(SO2CF3)2、LiC(SO2CF3)3、LiOSO2CF3、LiOSO2C2F5、LiOSO2C3F7、LiOSO2C4F9、LiOSO2C5F11、LiOSO2C6F13、LiOSO2C7F15等の有機リチウム塩等を挙げることができる。
キャパシタ用の分極性電極板を構成する導電性塗工膜には、カルボン酸ビニル共重合体、ポリマー酸、及び導電性材料が含有されている。分極性電極板を製造する際に用いる塗工液は、カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が、塗工液100質量部あたりの固形分量で1~40質量部であることが好ましく、1~20質量部であることがさらに好ましく、1~10質量部であることが特に好ましい。カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が少なすぎると、形成される導電性塗工膜から塗工膜成分が脱落しやすくなる場合がある。一方、カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が多すぎると、導電性材料がカルボン酸ビニル共重合体に覆い隠されてしまい、得られる分極性電極板の内部抵抗が増大する場合がある。
(カルボン酸ビニル共重合体A)
冷却機付き10L三つ口フラスコに、メタノール1000部、酢酸ビニル1400部、及びビニルトリエトキシシラン50部を加え、撹拌しながらドライアルゴン置換を行い、60℃まで温度を上げた。そこへ、3.5%の2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリルのメタノール溶液1200部を滴下した。ビニルトリエトキシシランの10%メタノール溶液100部を5時間かけて滴下しながら重合を行った。メタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルを除去した。ここに水酸化ナトリウムの10%メタノール溶液100部を40℃で撹拌しながら滴下した。得られた白色ゲルを粉砕しメタノールで洗浄して未反応のビニルトリエトキシシランを除去し、次いで乾燥させることでカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Aを得た。得られたカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Aは、ICP-AES(Inductively Coupled Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy)による元素分析の結果、ビニルシラン単位が1モル%含有されており、カルボン酸ビニル部の99%がケン化されていることが分かった。分子量はGPC(Gel Permeation Chromatography)で測定し、m/n=0.01、m=10、n=990であった。
冷却機付き10L三つ口フラスコに、メタノール1200部、酢酸ビニル1400部、及びビニルトリエトキシシラン200部を加え、撹拌しながらドライアルゴン置換を行い、60℃まで温度を上げた。そこへ、3.7%の2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリルのメタノール溶液1300部を滴下した。ビニルトリエトキシシランの10%メタノール溶液200部を5時間かけて滴下しながら重合を行った。メタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルを除去した。ここに水酸化ナトリウムの10%メタノール溶液150部を40℃で撹拌しながら滴下した。得られた白色ゲルを粉砕しメタノールで洗浄して未反応のビニルトリエトキシシランを除去し、次いで乾燥させることでカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Bを得た。得られたカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Bは、ICP-AESによる元素分析の結果、ビニルシラン単位が2.5モル%含有されており、カルボン酸ビニル部の99%がケン化されていることが分かった。分子量はGPCで測定し、m/n=0.026、m=25、n=975であった。
冷却機付き10L三つ口フラスコに、メタノール1000部、酢酸ビニル1400部、及びビニルトリエトキシシラン50部を加え、撹拌しながらドライアルゴン置換を行い、60℃まで温度を上げた。そこへ、3.5%の2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリルのメタノール溶液1200部を滴下した。ビニルトリエトキシシランの10%メタノール溶液100部を5時間かけて滴下しながら重合を行った。メタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルを除去した。ここに水酸化ナトリウムの10%メタノール溶液60部を40℃で撹拌しながら滴下した。得られた白色ゲルを粉砕しメタノールで洗浄して未反応のビニルトリエトキシシランを除去し、次いで乾燥させることでカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Cを得た。得られたカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Cは、ICP-AESによる元素分析の結果、ビニルシラン単位が1モル%含有されており、カルボン酸ビニル部の75%がケン化されていることが分かった。分子量はGPCで測定し、m/n=0.01、m=10、n=990であった。
冷却機付き10L三つ口フラスコに、メタノール1000部、酢酸ビニル1400部、及びビニルトリエトキシシラン50部を加え、撹拌しながらドライアルゴン置換を行い、60℃まで温度を上げた。そこへ、3.5%の2,2’-アゾビスイソブチロニトリルのメタノール溶液1200部を滴下した。ビニルトリエトキシシランの10%メタノール溶液100部を5時間かけて滴下しながら重合を行った。メタノール蒸気を導入することで未反応の酢酸ビニルを除去した。ここに水酸化リチウムの5%メタノール溶液250部を40℃で撹拌しながら滴下し、滴下終了後、60℃で5時間撹拌した。得られた白色ゲルを粉砕しメタノールで洗浄して未反応のビニルトリエトキシシランを除去し、次いで乾燥させることでLiタイプのカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Dを得た。得られたカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Dは、ICP-AESによる元素分析の結果、リチウムが5%含有されており、ビニルシラン単位が1モル%含有されており、カルボン酸ビニル部の98%がケン化されていることが分かった。分子量はGPCで測定し、m/n=0.01、m=10、n=990であった。
カルボン酸ビニル共重合体A100部をイオン交換水9900部に80℃×12時間加熱溶解し、その後室温まで冷却した。そこへ、テトラエチルアンモニウムクロリド5部を加え、30分撹拌した。そこへ、イオン交換性樹脂(商品名:AMP01、三菱化学社製)500部を加え、さらに12時間撹拌した。イオン交換性樹脂を取り除いた後、減圧蒸留で水分を取り除くことで、テトラエチルアミンタイプのカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Eを得た。得られたカルボン酸ビニル共重合体Eは、原料に用いたカルボン酸ビニル共重合体A中のナトリウムの70%がテトラエチルアンモニウムに置換されていた。
(実施例1)
12.5%ポリアクリル酸水溶液40部にアセチレンブラック5部を加え、ディゾルバーで撹拌混合した後、ビーズミル(直径0.8mmのジルコニアビーズ、充填率70%)にて1時間分散処理を行って分散液を得た。得られた分散液に、カルボン酸ビニル共重合体A5部とイオン交換水50部を加え、30分撹拌混合して塗工液を調製した。なお、ポリアクリル酸水溶液としては、商品名「ジュリマー水溶液 AC-10S」(東亞合成社製、Mw=5000)を使用した。
各成分の配合を表1に示すようにしたこと以外は、前述の実施例1と同様にして塗工液を調製した。なお、表1中の略語の意味は以下に示す通りである。
・AB:アセチレンブラック
・KB:ケッチェンブラック
・FB:ファーネスブラック
・CNT:カーボンナノチューブ
・PMA:ピロメリット酸
・TMA:トリメリット酸
・MeOH:メチルアルコール
・IPA:イソプロピルアルコール
・NMP:N-メチル-2-ピロリドン
(実施例13)
厚さ20μmのアルミニウム箔(集電体)の片面上に、コンマロールコーターを用いて実施例1の塗工液を塗布した。オーブンを使用し、110℃で2分間加熱処理した後、さらに180℃で2分間加熱処理した。これにより、溶媒を除去するとともにポリマー成分を架橋させて、集電体上に乾燥膜厚1μmの導電性塗工膜を形成した。
表2に示す塗工液を用いたこと以外は、前述の実施例13と同様にして集電体上に導電性塗工膜を形成した。なお、比較例5は、ポリビニリデンフルオライドのNMP溶液5部にアセチレンブラック5部を分散させて得た塗工液(便宜上、表2中には「PVDF溶液」と記す)を用いた。
カッターを使用し、作製した導電性塗工膜に直交する縦横11本ずつの平行線を1mmの間隔で引き、1cm2の範囲内に100個の升目を形成した。升目上にメンディングテープを貼り付けた後に剥離し、メンディングテープに貼り付かずに剥離しなかった升目の個数を計測し、10回の平均値を算出した。結果を表2に示す。なお、剥離しなかった升目の個数を、集電体に対する導電性塗工膜の密着性の指標とした。
エチレンカーボネート:プロピレンカーボネート:ジメトキシエタン=1:1:2(体積比)の混合溶媒1Lに、1molのLiPF6を支持塩として溶解して得られたLiPF6溶液(電解液)に、上記と同様の手順で升目を形成した導電性塗工膜を、70℃で72時間浸漬した。浸漬後の導電性塗工膜の状態を目視観察し、以下に示す基準に従って導電性塗工膜の耐電解液性(溶解・膨潤性)を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
◎:溶解、膨潤、及び剥離のいずれも認められない。
○:僅かに膨潤しているが、剥離は認められない。
×:溶解又は膨潤するとともに、剥離が認められる。
6%過酸化水素水溶液に導電性塗工膜を浸漬し、80℃で3時間加熱処理した後、水洗及び風乾した。導電性塗工膜(乾燥塗膜)の表面を人差し指の腹で擦り以下に示す基準に従って導電性塗工膜の耐酸化性を評価した。結果を表2に示す。
◎:加熱処理後に剥離しておらず、かつ、乾燥塗膜の表面を人指し指の腹で強く擦っても剥離せず、表面のカーボンも脱落しない。
○:加熱処理後に剥離しておらず、かつ、乾燥塗膜の表面を人指し指の腹で強く擦っても剥離しない。ただし、表面のカーボンが少し脱落する。
×:加熱処理後に剥離するか、又は加熱処理後に剥離しないが乾燥塗膜の表面を人指しの腹で強く擦ると剥離する。
硝子板上にコンマロールコーターを用いて表2に示す塗工液をそれぞれ塗布した後、200℃で1分間加熱処理して乾燥膜厚4μmの導電性塗工膜を硝子板上に形成した。JIS K 7194に準拠し、形成した導電性塗工膜の表面抵抗率を四探針法により測定した。なお、測定には商品名「ロレスターGP」及び「MCP-T610」(三菱化学アナリテック社製)を使用した。また、25℃、相対湿度60%の条件下で測定した。
(実施例25~29、比較例6)
実施例25~29及び比較例6では、カルボン酸ビニル共重合体、ポリカルボン酸、及び導電性材料を含有する塗工液を用いてリチウムイオン二次電池を製造し、評価する方法を説明する。
後述する実施例及び比較例で製造したリチウムイオン二次電池について、下記の特性を測定した。
初期容量を出すために0.01mAの定電流で電圧が4.3Vになるまで充電し、次いで4.3Vの定電圧で2時間充電した。その後、0.01mAの定電流で電圧が3Vになるまで放電した。これを3回繰り返し、3回目の放電容量を初期容量とした。
初期内部抵抗として、初期容量を測定した後のセルを4.3Vの電位にし、その電位をセンターに±10mVの電圧変化で1kHzのインピーダンスを測定した。
初期容量から放電レートを求めて、放電レート別の放電容量を測定した。充電は毎回10時間かけて定電流で4.3Vまで電圧を上げた後、4.3V定電圧で2時間充電した。その後、10時間かけて定電流で3Vになるまで放電し、このときの放電容量を0.1Cの放電容量とした。次に同様に充電した後0.1Cで求めた放電容量から1時間で放電が完了する電流値で放電しそのときの放電容量を求め1Cのときの放電容量とした。同様に、3C、10C、30Cのときの放電容量を求め、0.1Cの時の放電容量を100%としたときの容量維持率を算出した。
1Cで4.3Vまで充電し、4.3Vの定電圧で2時間充電したあと1Cで放電する充放電試験を実施した。このとき、放電容量が最初の1回目の放電に対して何%になるかを計算し容量が80%をきったときの充放電回数を寿命とした。
60℃で0.1Cで4.3Vまで充電し、4.3Vの定電圧でのインピーダンス変化をおよそ1日おきに測定した。抵抗値が2倍になった時間を寿命とした。
電池を上記サイクル寿命条件で1000サイクル耐久充放電試験を行い、耐久試験後の正極及び負極から活物質層の脱離がないかを電池を分解して確認した。評価基準は以下の通りである。
○:全く脱離は見られない。
△:脱離が進行し、集電体の一部が剥き出しになっている。
×:活物質層が完全に脱離している。
実施例13~17及び比較例5と同様の工程で、正極用にアルミニウム箔、負極用に銅箔を使用し、それぞれの表面に導電性塗工膜を形成した。
冷却ジャケット付きの10Lプラネタリーミキサーに、PVDFの15%NMP溶液(商品名「クレハKFポリマー#1120」、クレハ社製)600部、コバルト酸リチウム(商品名「C-5H」、日本化学工業社製)900部、アセチレンブラック(商品名「デンカブラックHS-100」、電気化学工業社製)100部、及びNMP5000部を加え、液温が30℃を超えないように冷却しながら均一になるまで撹拌した。これを、導電性塗工膜を形成した集電体に幅180mm、厚さ200μmで塗工し、160℃温風炉で20秒乾燥させた。これを線圧400kgf/cmでロールプレスした。プレス後の正極活物質層の厚みは21μmであった。
冷却ジャケット付きの10Lプラネタリーミキサーに、PVDFの15%NMP溶液(商品名「クレハKFポリマー#9130、クレハ社製)600部、グラファイト(商品名「CGB-200」、日本黒鉛社製)1200部、及びNMP4000部を加え、液温が30℃を超えないように冷却しながら均一になるまで撹拌した。これを、導電性塗工膜を形成した集電体に幅180mm、厚さ200μmで塗工し、120℃温風炉で2分間乾燥させた。これを線圧400kgf/cmでロールプレスした。プレス後の負極活物質層の厚みは26μmであった。
正極及び負極を短辺に10mm活物質層が無い領域が含まれるように40mm×50mmでカットし、金属がむき出しになっている部分に正極はアルミのタブを、負極にニッケルのタブを抵抗溶接で接合した。セパレータ(商品名「#2400」、セルガード社製)を幅45mm、長さ120mmにカットし、3つに折り返してその間に正極及び負極が対向するように挟み込んだ。これを幅50mm長さ100mmのアルミラミネートセルを二つ折りにしたもので挟み、タブが当たる部分にシーラントを挟み込んだ上でシーラント部分とそれに直行する辺を熱ラミネートして袋状にした。これを100℃の真空オーブンに12時間入れて真空乾燥させ、次いでドライブローブボックス中で六フッ化リン酸リチウム/EC:DEC=1:1の1M電解液(商品名「LBG-96533」、キシダ化学社製)を注入し、真空含浸した。その後、余った電解液を扱き出し、真空シーラーで接合密封して、リチウムイオン電池を製造した。
(実施例30~34、比較例7)
実施例30~34及び比較例7では、カルボン酸ビニル共重合体、ポリカルボン酸、及び導電性材料を含有する塗工液を用いて電気二重層キャパシタを製造し、評価する方法を説明する。
後述する実施例及び比較例で製造した電気二重層型キャパシタについて、下記の特性を測定した。
初期容量を出すために0.01mAの定電流で電圧が2Vになるまで充電した。その後、0.01mAの定電流で電圧が0Vになるまで放電した。これを3回繰り返し、3回目の放電容量を初期容量とした。
初期内部抵抗として、初期容量を測定した後のセルを2Vの電位にし、その電位をセンターに±10mVの電圧変化で1kHzのインピーダンスを測定した。
初期容量から放電レートを求めて、放電レート別の放電容量を測定した。充電は毎回1時間かけて定電流で2Vまで電圧を上げ充電した。その後、1時間かけて定電流で0Vになるまで放電し、このときの放電容量を1Cの放電容量とした。次に同様に充電した後1Cで求めた放電容量から0.1時間で放電が完了する電流値で放電しそのときの放電容量を求め10Cのときの放電容量とした。同様に、30C、100C、300Cのときの放電容量を求め、1Cの時の放電容量を100%としたときの容量維持率を算出した。
1Cで2Vまで充電したあと1Cで0Vまで放電する充放電試験を実施した。このとき、放電容量が最初の1回目の放電に対して何%になるかを計算し容量が80%を切ったときの充放電回数を寿命とした。
60℃、1Cで2.8Vまで充電し、2.8Vの定電圧でのインピーダンス変化をおよそ1日おきに測定した。抵抗値が2倍になった時間を寿命とした。
電池を上記フロート寿命条件で3000時間耐久フロート試験を行い、耐久試験後の電極集電体からの活物質層の脱離がないかを電気二重層型キャパシタを分解して確認した。評価基準は以下の通りである。
○:全く脱離は見られない。
△:脱離が進行し、集電体の一部が剥き出しになっている。
×:活物質層が完全に脱離している。
実施例13~17及び比較例5と同様の工程で、アルミ箔の表面に導電性塗工膜を形成した。
冷却ジャケット付きの10Lプラネタリーミキサーに、PVDFの15%NMP溶液(商品名「クレハKFポリマー#1120」、クレハ社製)3000部、活性炭(商品名「クラレコールRP-20」、クラレケミカル社製)1600部、及びNMP2500部を加え、液温が30℃を超えないように冷却しながら均一になるまで撹拌した。これを、導電性塗工膜を形成した集電体に幅180mm、厚さ200μmで塗工し、160℃温風炉で20秒乾燥させた。これを線圧400kgf/cmでロールプレスした。プレス後の電極活物質層の厚みは21μmであった。
電極を短辺に10mm活物質層が無い領域が含まれるように40mm×50mmでカットし、金属がむき出しになっている部分にアルミのタブを抵抗溶接で接合した。セパレータ(商品名「#2400」、セルガード社製)を幅45mm、長さ120mmにカットし、3つに折り返してその間に2枚の電極が対向するように挟み込んだ。これを幅50mm長さ100mmのアルミラミネートセルを二つ折りにしたもので挟み、タブが当たる部分にシーラントを挟み込んだ上でシーラント部分とそれに直行する辺を熱ラミネートして袋状にした。これを100℃の真空オーブンに12時間入れて真空乾燥させ、次いでドライブローブボックス中でホウフッ化テトラエチルアンモニウム/PCの1M電解液(商品名「CPG-00005」、キシダ化学社製)を注入し、真空含浸した。その後、余った電解液を扱き出し、真空シーラーで接合密封して、電気二重層型キャパシタを製造した。
Claims (20)
- 前記カチオンが、リチウム又はテトラアルキルアンモニウムである請求項1に記載の塗工液。
- チタン系カップリング剤及び/又はシランカップリング剤をさらに含有する請求項1又は2に記載の塗工液。
- 前記ポリマー酸が、ポリアクリル酸、ポリイタコン酸、及びポリマレイン酸からなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である請求項1~3のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液。
- 前記導電性材料が、アセチレンブラック、ケッチェンブラック、黒鉛、ファーネスブラック、単層又は多層カーボンナノファイバー、及び単層又は多層カーボンナノチューブからなる群より選択される少なくとも一種である請求項1~4のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液。
- 前記導電性材料1質量部に対する、前記ポリマー酸の含有量が0.1~3質量部であり、
前記導電性材料1質量部に対する、前記カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が0.1~3質量部であり、
固形分濃度が0.02~40質量%である請求項1~5のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液。 - 前記ポリマー酸1質量部に対する、前記カルボン酸ビニル共重合体の含有量が0.1~1質量部である請求項1~6のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液。
- 架橋剤をさらに含有する請求項1~7のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液。
- 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液により形成される導電性塗工膜。
- 前記塗工液からなる膜が80~250℃で熱処理されて形成された、その乾燥膜厚が0.1~10μmである請求項9に記載の導電性塗工膜。
- 硝子板上に乾燥膜厚4μmで形成された場合に、
JIS K 7194に準拠して測定される表面抵抗率が3,000Ω/□以下である請求項9又は10に記載の導電性塗工膜。 - 集電体と、前記集電体の表面上に配設された請求項9~11のいずれか一項に記載の導電性塗工膜と、を備える電極板用部材。
- 請求項12に記載の電極板用部材と、
前記導電性塗工膜の表面上に配設された電極活物質層と、を備える蓄電装置用電極板。 - 前記集電体がアルミニウム箔であり、
前記電極活物質層に正極活物質が含有される請求項13に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。 - 前記集電体が銅箔であり、
前記電極活物質層に負極活物質が含有される請求項13に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。 - 前記集電体がアルミニウム箔であり、
分極性電極板である請求項13に記載の蓄電装置用電極板。 - 請求項1~8のいずれか一項に記載の塗工液を集電体の表面に塗布して導電性塗工膜を形成する工程と、
前記導電性塗工膜の表面上に電極活物質層を形成する工程と、を有する蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法。 - 前記集電体の表面に前記塗工液を塗布した後、前記塗工液に含有される前記極性溶媒を加熱除去するか、又は前記極性溶媒を除去しながら80~250℃で1秒~60分熱処理する請求項17に記載の蓄電装置用電極板の製造方法。
- 請求項13~16のいずれか一項に記載の蓄電装置用電極板を備える蓄電装置。
- 二次電池又はキャパシタである請求項19に記載の蓄電装置。
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| JP2012531919A JP5507696B2 (ja) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | 塗工液、導電性塗工膜、蓄電装置用電極板及び蓄電装置 |
| EP11821873.4A EP2613387B1 (en) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | Coating liquid, conductive coating film, electrode plate for electricity storage device, and electricity storage device |
| CN201180041519.9A CN103155068B (zh) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | 涂敷液、导电性涂敷膜、蓄电装置用电极板及蓄电装置 |
| KR1020137008200A KR101594661B1 (ko) | 2010-08-31 | 2011-08-31 | 도공액, 도전성 도공막, 축전장치용 전극판 및 축전장치 |
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| US10400115B2 (en) | 2011-02-23 | 2019-09-03 | Dainichiseika Color & Chemicals Mfg. Co., Ltd. | Aqueous liquid composition, aqueous coating, functional coating film, and composite material |
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| EP2933867A4 (en) * | 2012-12-12 | 2016-07-06 | Samsung Sdi Co Ltd | FESTELECTROLYTIC WITH IONIC LIQUID |
| US9768469B2 (en) | 2012-12-12 | 2017-09-19 | Samsung Sdi Co., Ltd. | Solid electrolyte containing ionic liquid |
| JP2015079669A (ja) * | 2013-10-17 | 2015-04-23 | 協立化学産業株式会社 | 集電体用コート剤組成物 |
| JP2015079708A (ja) * | 2013-10-18 | 2015-04-23 | 協立化学産業株式会社 | 電池又は電気二重層キャパシタ集電体用コート剤組成物、電池又は電気二重層キャパシタ集電体、電池及び電気二重層キャパシタ |
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| WO2018147226A1 (ja) * | 2017-02-08 | 2018-08-16 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | アルカリ二次電池用正極及びアルカリ二次電池 |
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| JP7080188B2 (ja) | 2017-02-08 | 2022-06-03 | 凸版印刷株式会社 | アルカリ二次電池用正極及びアルカリ二次電池 |
| US11581528B2 (en) | 2017-02-08 | 2023-02-14 | Toppan Printing Co., Ltd. | Positive electrode for alkaline secondary battery and alkaline secondary battery |
| JPWO2018168043A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-14 | 2019-07-25 | 株式会社村田製作所 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| WO2018168043A1 (ja) * | 2017-03-14 | 2018-09-20 | 株式会社村田製作所 | リチウムイオン二次電池 |
| US11101528B2 (en) | 2017-03-14 | 2021-08-24 | Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. | Lithium ion secondary battery |
| WO2023090248A1 (ja) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-25 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用部材の製造方法 |
| JP2023075573A (ja) * | 2021-11-19 | 2023-05-31 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 蓄電デバイス用部材の製造方法 |
| JP7759023B2 (ja) | 2021-11-19 | 2025-10-23 | 日本電気硝子株式会社 | 全固体ナトリウムイオン二次電池用部材の製造方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2613387A4 (en) | 2017-01-11 |
| KR20130107291A (ko) | 2013-10-01 |
| EP2613386A1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
| US20130157129A1 (en) | 2013-06-20 |
| US9181439B2 (en) | 2015-11-10 |
| TW201224084A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
| JPWO2012029858A1 (ja) | 2013-10-31 |
| KR101731671B1 (ko) | 2017-05-11 |
| JP5507696B2 (ja) | 2014-05-28 |
| CN103155068B (zh) | 2015-11-25 |
| EP2613387B1 (en) | 2017-10-11 |
| TWI550036B (zh) | 2016-09-21 |
| JPWO2012029618A1 (ja) | 2013-10-28 |
| US20130164614A1 (en) | 2013-06-27 |
| US9315680B2 (en) | 2016-04-19 |
| KR101594661B1 (ko) | 2016-02-24 |
| TW201224085A (en) | 2012-06-16 |
| EP2613386B1 (en) | 2018-01-24 |
| CN103081192A (zh) | 2013-05-01 |
| KR20130055004A (ko) | 2013-05-27 |
| CN103155068A (zh) | 2013-06-12 |
| WO2012029618A1 (ja) | 2012-03-08 |
| EP2613387A1 (en) | 2013-07-10 |
| EP2613386A4 (en) | 2017-01-04 |
| CN103081192B (zh) | 2016-01-06 |
| TWI473865B (zh) | 2015-02-21 |
| JP5834008B2 (ja) | 2015-12-16 |
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